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Q: Cocos2d CCLabelBMFont how to add a background to string I am wondering how can I add a border & background to labels generated via CCLabelBMFont class in cocos2d.
I don't want to use sprites because my labels are generated on the fly and will keep changing and the size of labels are also different.
Also, I want user to touch and move these labels across the screen. When user picks a label it wiggles a bit like in free air. In that case, I wish to keep low complexity and preserve memory and cpu calculations.
Anyone knows best ways to achieve this?
IOS app LetterPress has similar effects.

A: Create your own class, that will incapsulate creation of complex node.
It will have several layers, for example, the first layer can be simple CCLayerColor of given rect with zOrder -2, the next layer will be your CCLabelBMFont with zOrder -1 and then you can overload draw method to draw border over your control. All that you draw in this method will be drawn with zOrder 0.
Then you can encapsulate any effects in this class. For example, you can rotate it a bit with method pick, etc. Whatever you want.


feeds_importer sites/all/modules/ulmus/feeds/feeds.module Gets an importer instance.
feeds_plugin sites/all/modules/ulmus/feeds/feeds.module Gets an instance of a class for a given plugin and id.
feeds_source sites/all/modules/ulmus/feeds/feeds.module Gets an instance of a source object.
Feeds - basic API functions and hook implementations.


The entire Tamil film industry is shocked by the Tamil Nadu Chief Minister J Jayalalitha's answer when invited for a function to commemorate her victory. It was quite common during the previous DMK regime to hold such functions and the then CM M Karunanidhi welcomed it with open hands.
However, Jayalalitha seems to be averse to such functions. When FEFSI wanted to organize a grand function for the CM, she declined it by saying that she has enough work to do for the upliftment of the people and hence could not allocate dates for the function.


Karamoja Boda Boda Tours through Uganda's untouched northeast.
Karamoja Boda Boda Tours through Uganda's untouched northeast. Life in the Village, Hike through the mountains and meet the Warrior Nomads.
Karamoja Boda Boda Tour is one of our most favourite ways to Discover Karamoja. Our guides take you on a journey through present day and Karamoja's famous history.
Visit the local (cattle) market, historical landmarks, design your own arts and crafts, bush camp a night with the Warrior Nomads (cattle keepers), participate in daily life in the village and enjoy the savannah planes on the Boda Boda.


Today is Monday, and let's face it: no one likes Mondays.
For the last couple of years, however, Monday has been one of my most awaited day of the week. This is thanks to what I and my friends have titled: Football Mondays.
In the late afternoon, the football pitch is the favoured place for us who need to unleash the beast within. No etiquette is required here. No need to mind your politeness or correct attitude. This is the Green Arena. This is our temple. This is my church.
No wonder why a lot of expert physicians and doctors often write about the importance of weekly sports and/or exercise. I don't say it is important… I say it is crucial! Everything they say about stress-relief, anti-aging, and all the health benefits has to be true. Yes, because at 31 years of age, I can feel the difference. Not only does sports enhance your physical and mental stamina, but it is also a social activity.
To me, it is almost spiritual. And today, where I cannot attend this ritual due to an injury I had last Monday (don't worry, I'll be fine!), I feel at loss and can only hope my bloody ankle will be back in shape for next Monday.


Note: This product was last updated on 6 October 2016 and is no longer tracked.
This bright and colourful Early Learning Centre Pull-Along Elephant is perfect for exploring shape sorting and colour matching. He comes with ten discs to drop into the slot, which are easily retrieved by sliding the clicking door. He has a sting to pull him along and the contrasting crinkle ears will stimulate your little one's senses! He wobbles along to the sound of beads in his feet. Great for posting, collecting, colour matching and counting. For ages 18 months and over.


text:
What Is Instagram Insights?
What do you want to know about a product?
How Much Do You Want? A Survey of Relevant Data
Audience: A Key Tool for Marketing
Reach vs Impression: A Key Factor for Success on Social Media
Why is it important to you?
The Feature of Business Accounts in Social Media
How to Reach More People on Tuesdays
How to Make Your Profile Work for the Photo Sharing Site
Reach for a Post on Sunday
How Well Do You Get Your Story On Photosharing Site?
InsightS: An Introductory Guide to Instagram Analytics
The first account is giving what people want. It's simple: Understand what people need and then give it to them.
The data provided by the tool is used to provide insight into follower actions and content interactions. Insights can be accessed from within the platform to assess trends and analyze your content performance. Content creators and business owners can use those metrics to grow their businesses.
The number of times a piece of content has been displayed is only one part of the equation. If one user scrolls by the same piece of content twice, that means two impressions and one instance of reach. Why does reach matter to you?
If you are trying to increase your reach, it should be your goal. When more people are exposed to your product and brand name, you can get more customers. The main goal of sharing is to get likes, comments, shares, and saves.
The Audience section shows key insights about your followers which can help improve your marketing strategy. You can get a better understanding of who follows you, and you can also know when your followers are most active, which will help you plan and schedule your posts to reach the most people.
Staying ahead of the curve on social media is only a small part of success. The key to success in the year of 2019: cracking the Instagram algorithm and becoming a king of Analytics. The difference between Reach and Impression metrics is one of the things that you should know before diving into the details of the stories. They can be helpful to define the right direction for your strategy on the photo sharing site.
Why is it important to you? The higher the number, the more you will be able to explore your page. It is a good indicator of what content is attracting new viewers.
Business accounts are required to work on the totally free tool. The first thing you need to do is convert the regular account to a business account. You can see the Insights for content posted after you convert to a business account.
Insights from the photo sharing website allows you to see your content. You can see the performance of individual posts. The total number of posts on your account can be seen.
You can see websites clicks along with call-to-action button clicks. The chronological sorting of stories helps to understand the pattern of engagement. After 14 days of posting a story, the Insights will be gone.
Insights is a business tool that gives you information about your followers and the content that they're most interested in. Insights can help you get to know your audience better so you can create better content. If you reach more people on Tuesdays, your followers will be more active.
If you post images and videos related to your business goals on Tuesdays, you can increase the chances of your followers seeing your content and taking action. You can learn more about your followers in the Audience tab. You can learn about things like the age range of your followers.
You need to convert your profile into a business profile to check your performance on the photo sharing site. You can switch to a business profile by selecting it from your personal profile. The metrics on the social network help you understand the impact of your performance.
You can measure the effectiveness of your content on the platform. Feed Posts is where you can see the essential insights of the content on your feed from the last 2 years. You can choose from a variety of metrics and content types.
You can see which ones performed best. When you check metrics on social media, keep in mind the difference between interaction and engagement. Users took action for conversations between a brand a customer.
Engagement is any activity that a user responds to with interest. Engagement metrics matter more to marketers than interaction metrics. You can check whether your stories performance has been working or not with individual story analytic on the social media platform.
They tell you how much you should try to improve your performance or repeat what works well. To succeed on your social media platform, you need to be more strategic. It is important to prepare an outline for your live so that you can promote it by sharing a post or a story.
The social network was built in 2010 and was focused on photos and videos. It was only available in the mobile device. It was available for the mobile device operating system in 2012 as well. It was purchased by Facebook in the same year.
If five of your followers on both social media saw your post on Sunday, that means your reach for that post is five, even if some of them viewed it more than once.
It is important to understand how well your stories are received on the photo sharing site. You can learn how many users are viewing, forwarding, or replying to your stories with the help of the insights provided for your stories. You can learn which Stories are getting more attention.
The navigation tab can get confusing when you are trying to understand it. The navigation tab is the perfect way to know if your story is being perceived. You get a better idea of people who are leaving your story and watching it again.
It is a good sign that a lot of people have decided to watch a story again as it has made an impact. They may want to watch the story again or just have a look at it again. If you have many stories and a user back tap, each back tap will take you to your previous story.
Basic metrics are included in the free and included in the free version of the instagram insights. It is ideal for businesses that want to learn metrics and get to grips with a more measured approach. You need to have a business account to access the Insights.
The only data you can get after converting your personal account is for business. You can access insights through three different ways. Account Insights will show you how many followers you have and how many you have gained in the last 7 days.
How many posts have you posted in the last 7 days? You should see a series of graphs showing impressions, reach, views, clicks, and others. You can access more detail on each graph by selecting it.
Source and more reading about what is instagram insights:
Oberlo.com
Justcreative.com
Hopperhq.com
Hypeauditor.com
What Is Instagram Good For?
What Is Instagram Lite?
What Is Instagram Dm?
What Is Instagram and How Does It Work?
What Is Instagram Handle?
What Is Instagram Data Download?
What Is Instagram Url?
What Is Instagram Verified?
What Is Instagram Worth?
What Is Instagram Story Ratio?
Click Elephant
What Is Hulu Offering?
Streaming TV and Movies without Commercial Advertisements, The cheapest plan on the internet, The USA Swimming Foundation: A New Look at the Black Community and more about what is hulu offering.
What Is Being Karen?
What the heck are Karen's neighbors?, The Karen meme, Karen, a popular name on an internet site, The Science of Silence and more about what is being karen.
What Is Being Kosher?
The Jewish Laws of Koschur, The quest for kosher foods, Kosher Food Sales, A Warning Note on Dairy Products, Kosher Certified Food Ingredient List and more about what is being kosher.
What Is Yahoo Doing Now?
Yahoo! Result for Enterprise-Scale Keyword Tracking, Yahoo Did Not Know About a Data Breach, Yahoo and Other Companies Are Still Making Money and more about what is yahoo doing now.
What Is Netflix India?
Is there a price difference between the standard and non-standard subscription rates in India?, A New Service for Streaming Top Movies and TV Show and more about what is netflix india.
What Is News Ecosystem?
Technology is not as important to trust when it comes down, The Local News Lab Funds, The Media Asset of the XYZ Model and more about what is news ecosystem.
What Is Airbnb in California?
Short Term Rentals in Multi-Unit Building, Short Term Rentals in California, Airbnb and Local Communities, Airbnb Host Rules: How Much Money Can You Make? and more about what is airbnb in california.
What Is Outlook Web Access?
Outlook Web Access, Light in Internet Explorer, Microsoft Outlook Web Access Server, Outlook on the Web, Outlook in Web Browser, How to Identify an Office and Microsoft365 Account and more about what is outlook web access.
What Is Instagram Business?
A Mobile Store, Creating Your Own Brand Voice, The Most Engaging Content on the Web, How to Use Polls in Social Media and more about what is instagram business.
What Is Interest Coverage?
Interest Coverage Ratios: A Key Parameter for Measuring Company Efficiency, Leverage and the Return on Investment, An Interest Coverage Ratio for Companies and more about what is interest coverage.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Reporting to the Safety Supervisor, the Paramedic works as the primary healthcare professional responsible in providing pre-hospital assessment and medical care for the mine site. This position also plays a critical role in the site emergency preparedness and response plan and works very closely with the mine site emergency response coordinator and mine rescue members. The incumbent in this position is required to be on call 24 hours while at site.
· Develop and maintain the first aid services plan on site for Kemess.
· Maintain the onsite medical facility, its equipment, and inventories to industry standards. This includes cleaning, decontaminating and inspecting emergency vehicles and equipment to maintain a constant state of emergency preparedness.
· Provide routine medical care and advanced life support services to the mine site.
· Respond to emergency calls for medical assistance at accidents and emergencies.
· On call during the night for emergencies only.
· Liaising with members of emergency services, such as the police, coroner, Mine Rescue personnel and other ambulance services to ensure the appropriate level of response.
· Manning an ambulance or other rapid response vehicle.
· Preparing and reporting the patient's history, condition and treatment to relevant hospital staff.
· Other Health and Safety duties as required.
· Ability and willingness to learn.


Amy Lalik is our implant coordinator at Valley Oral Surgery. You can email her at alalik@valleyoralsurgery.com. Amy is always available to help coordinate patient care between offices.
She works closely with all of our surgeons and also with our Nobel Biocare representative Tim Dempsey.


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(6534) Carriepeterson est un astéroïde de la ceinture principale.

Description
(6534) Carriepeterson est un astéroïde de la ceinture principale. Il fut découvert le  à Catalina Station par Timothy B. Spahr. Il présente une orbite caractérisée par un demi-grand axe de 3,17 UA, une excentricité de 0,11 et une inclinaison de 23,3° par rapport à l'écliptique.

Compléments

Articles connexes
 Liste des planètes mineures (6001-7000)
 Ceinture d'astéroïdes

Références

Planète mineure découverte en 1995
Astéroïde de la ceinture principale
Objet céleste découvert par Timothy B. Spahr
Objet céleste découvert à la Station Catalina

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Tim Cook calls for global overhaul of corporate taxes
Apple pays $467,000 for doing business with blacklisted app developer
By Luke Dormehl • 6:45 am, November 26, 2019
Compliance issue cost Apple close to half a million bucks.
Photo: Apple
Apple will pay $467,000 to settle allegations that it violated U.S. laws by dealing with a blacklisted app developer for more than two years.
The company hosted, sold and facilitated the transfer of apps made by a Slovenian software company blacklisted by the United States.
"In 2017, we found that we had inadvertently paid a developer on [the] U.S. Treasury's List of Specially Designated Nationals," said an Apple spokesman. "We reported it to the authorities and fully cooperated with their investigation, which has now been completed."
Apple reportedly entered into an app development agreement with the company, SIS d.o.o., in 2008. The Office of Foreign Assets Control blacklisted SIS and its majority owner, Savo Stjepanovic, in February 2015. At the time, the company faced allegations about being part of an international steroid trafficking network. (It was removed from the blacklist in May 2017.)
Apple reportedly made 47 payments related to the company's blocked apps while SIS was on the blacklist. Cupertino also collected $1.2 million from customers who downloaded SIS' apps.
Apple and blacklisted app developer
According to The Wall Street Journal, Apple's "sanctions-screening tool failed to identify SIS as a blacklisted entity because Apple's system listed the company as 'SIS DOO,' rather than 'SIS d.o.o' on OFAC's list."
The situation got even more complicated, according to the Journal:
Apple allegedly failed to identify Mr. Stjepanovic as a blacklisted individual in its system as well, because Apple didn't screen all individual users associated with an App Store account at the time, according to the agreement.
Apple also allegedly helped transfer the ownership of SIS's apps to two other companies several months after the designation, according to OFAC.
In February 2017, after making changes to its sanctions screening tool and related processes, Apple identified SIS as a blacklisted entity, OFAC said. Apple then suspended making payments to the company that administered SIS's App Store account, but continued to make payments to the other company that owned some of SIS's apps for several months after the discovery, according to OFAC.
This sounds more like an oversight than anything. But the multiple points of failure found within Apple's sanctions-compliance program represent its apparent "reckless disregard" for U.S. policy.
A $467,000 fine would be a pretty large amount for most companies. However, Apple is currently valued in the region of $1 trillion. This settlement is therefore more of a slap on the wrist than anything. Still, I'm sure Apple won't make the same mistake again.
Posted in: News Tagged: App Store


Certificate Course in Public Health Planning for Hearing Impairment - Public Health Planning for Hearing Impairment (formerly Community Ear and Hearing Health in Developing Countries). The aim of the course is to enable participants to understand the magnitude, causes, prevention and management of ear and hearing disorders in developing countries. The course will look to familiarise participants with public health approaches to ear and hearing care and explore planning principles to develop appropriate service delivery programmes.This course is aimed at Otologists, Audiologists, Paediatricians and Allied Professionals, especially in the communication sciences, health planners and NGO staff who intend to work in this field in a developing country, or are already doing so. Experts who come from or have lived and worked in developing countries will be the teaching the course, including using interactive and group work teaching methods.


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The lepromin skin test is used to determine what type of leprosy a person is infected with. It involves the injection of a standardized extract of the inactivated "leprosy bacillus" (Mycobacterium leprae or "Hansen's bacillus") under the skin. It is not recommended as a primary mode of diagnosis.

Method
Positive reaction means: A)  or more induration after 48hrs B)  or above nodule after 21 days. An extract sample of inactivated Hansen's bacillus is injected just under the skin, usually on the forearm, so that a small lump pushes the skin upward. The lump indicates that the antigen has been injected at the correct depth. The injection site is labeled and examined at 48hours and 21 days later to see if there is a reaction.

People with dermatitis or other skin irritations should have the test performed on an unaffected part of the body. If a child needs to have this test performed, it may be helpful to explain how the test will feel, and even practice or demonstrate on a doll. The more familiar the child is with what will happen and why the less anxiety he or she will feel. When the antigen is injected, there may be a slight stinging or burning sensation. There may also be mild itching at the site of injection afterwards.

Normal values
People who don't have clinical leprosy (Hansen's disease, or HD) may have little or no skin reaction to the antigen, or may have a strong reaction to it. This is because lepromin only tests for infection, not for ongoing disease. It is believed that most people exposed to Mycobacterium leprae are not infected and thus would not respond, or are infected but self-resolve or never manifest overt symptoms and therefore would respond to the lepromin skin test. Paradoxically, however, patients with "lepromatous" (Virchowian) HD, the most severe and transmissible form,  have no skin reaction to the antigen. This is because an effective immune response to the bacterium is a result of a cellular immune response (T-cell mediated) rather than a humoral response (B-cell/antibody). Lepromatous HD, the more severe and disfiguring form is a result of the patient's immune response being mainly humoral in nature.  Antibodies, the main effectors of a humoral response, are ineffective against M. leprae because of the unusually dense and waxy nature of the mycolic acid containing bacterial cell wall, and so the bacterium proliferates, causing the cutaneous disfigurements and peripheral neuropathologies characteristic of the disease. The reason there is little or no response to the lepromin test is that a positive response to lepromin is due to "delayed type hypersensitivity" that is T-cell mediated, and it is the failure of a robust T-cell response that results in the onset of lepromatous leprosy in the first place. However, given the severe nature of lepromatous leprosy, a skin test is unnecessary, and the definitive test, a biopsy, readily reveals the bacterium within lesions as well as the characteristic histopathology of HD. Moreover, lepromatous HD is typically diagnosed on clinical presentation alone.

By contrast, two forms of positive reactions are seen when tuberculoid or borderline cases of HD are assessed by the lepromin test. (There are three borderline diagnoses possible as well as the tuberculoid and lepromatous diagnoses in the Ridley-Jopling classification system. The severity of disease and thus assignment to one of the five diagnoses is related to the  strength of the cell mediated immune response.) The Fernandez (early) reaction appears within two days and is roughly equivalent in nature and underlying mechanism to the response seen in tuberculosis patients reacting positively to the tuberculin test. Induration of 5mm or more with erythema (redness), or 10mm without, 48 hours post-injection are positive Fernandez reactions. Unlike the tuberculin test, however, another reaction occurs in lepromatous patients at the injection site 21 days post-injection, also appearing as induration and possible ulceration. This late positive reaction is known as the Mitsuda reaction. These reactions differ dependent on the type of lepromin antigen used.

There are two types of lepromin antigen in use that differ in the method of preparation. The Dharmendra antigen evokes a stronger early positive reaction than the Mitsuda antigen, which provokes a stronger late reaction. A strong Mitsuda reaction indicates a strong cell mediated immune response and a milder tuberculoid disease. Thus the strength of the reaction to lepromin can be used to help classify the extent of the disease as defined by within the Ridley-Jopling classification system.  Strong positive Fernandez responses represent strong cell mediated responses that suppress the bacterium and result in tuberculoid HD. Progressively weaker responses are consistent with diagnoses moving through borderline diagnoses to lepromatous HD.

Risks
There is an extremely small risk of an allergic reaction that may include itching and rarely hives.

History
Aldo Castellani was the first to prepare a substance similar to lepromin while attempting to produce a leprosy vaccine. Kensuke Mitsuda worked with lepromin starting in 1916 and published the first paper on it in 1919 However, he retained Ernest Reinhold Rost's earlier name leprolin and his original idea was to find a test that distinguishes leprosy patients from non-leprosy persons. During his study, he found that the test results differed depending on the types of leprosy.  He reported it at the 3rd International Leprosy Congress in France in 1923 but it received little attention. Working on Java in the Dutch East Indies, Paul Bargehr published his findings on a similar process in 1926, giving his modified serum the name "lepromin". Mitsuda had stored his own materials in refrigeration and finally found Fumio Hayashi to continue his work. The Mitsuda Test was at last completed by Hayashi in 1933.

Sources

References

External links

Skin tests
Leprosy


Most of he time whatever comes of of Nancy Pelosi's mouth is just mindless drivel, but sometimes she says things that are so stupid they have to be part of the propaganda narrative in the hopes that the low information voter just runs with it. The narrative of course is that President Obama is a moderate Democrat and will work with any idea and reach across the aisle to get the job of running the country done. That's why Ms Pelosi recently said Obama was, "the president is one of the most practically non-partisan presidents I have seen in the White House."
That is as long as everybody on the other side agrees with him and his socialist policies, no questions asked. The way Obama governs is to travel around the country and poison the well before any major negotiations especially when it comes to budgeting. The President has even gone so far as to suggest that we don't have a spending problem. We have seen this rather juvenile behavior every single year when the new budget is coming up for debate as Obama tells anyone who will listen how evil republicans are, how they want to get rid of education, push seniors off the cliff, take money from firefighters, whatever he can dream up to make his opposition look bad, and then he expects Conservative leaders to actually sit down and negotiate with him.
Frankly the whole trip is just a silly delusion to position Obama as some kind of a leader that he is not and of course the Republicans as simply the evil opposition while Nancy Pelosi is playing her part by announcing what a non-partisan, wonderful man Obama is. To most thinking people Ms Pelosi comes off as a mental patient in need of serious help.
Democratic House Minority Leader Nancy Pelosi said that President Obama is "one of the most practically non-partisan presidents" that she has ever seen in her career and that he "really is working" to forge a budget agreement.
"Here's the thing — the president is one of the most practically non-partisan presidents I have seen in the White House. I've been there since Ronald Reagan, and he really is working to try to get some bipartisan agreement. They've been working very hard to try to get the Senate consensus or some agreement on how we can avoid a shutdown of government but also how you can even remove all doubt that we're not going to honor the full faith in credit of the United States of America by lifting the debt ceiling," Pelosi said Friday in an interview with the USA Today editorial board.
"There are some glimmers, a possibility of coming to a grand bargain. The president is talking about a grand bargain for middle-income jobs, but the bigger, the grander the bargain the more you can accommodate, shall we say, other things you don't like so much. But weighing all the equities, this is the way that we need to go forward," Pelosi said.
Pelosi also said in the interview that government spending will help reduce the deficit, and offered a curious response to a question about the Obama administration's delay of Obamacare's unpopular employer mandate.
"The president didn't postpone the mandate. He postponed the penalties for not engaging in the mandate," Pelosi said.
OMG! She is so full of s– t!
Make a stupid person like her your boss and it makes you look smarter, that's why they made her the democratic house minority leader.If she's one of the most smartest democratic leaders.I could only wonder how stupid the other democrats are.
dumb and dumber, your choice.
If Obama told her to jump she'd say, How High?
She will say whatever keeps her employed!
The TRUTH is the truth no matter what contrarians say.
Come on, is this the first stupid remark you've heard her make?
Nancy Pelosi is crazy it is as simple as that.
The old bag is insane. Time to put her out to pasture.
She probably does not sleep at night, just thinking up something crazy to say the next day.
– "You have to pass it to know what's in it".
– "Every week we don't pass the stimulus 500 MILLION Americans lose their jobs".
– "Unemployment benefits are creating jobs faster than any other program".
– "Natural gas is a clean, cheap ALTERNATIVE to fossil fuels".
– "Obama is one of the most Non-Partisan Presidents".
This is representative of our Leadership today… (The inmates are truly running the asylum).
this is beyond stupid this is scary to think some people believe this.
shes part of the reason hes like he is her and harry reed them and one more.
He is the most PARTISAN President history and makes it worst to get anything done, oh blackmail, lying, treason paying homage to the enemy wild spending & blaming everyone else including George Bush for his short comings. There are many more but you get the drift.
I DIDN'T KNOW THEY LET MENTALLY ILL PEOPLE IN CONGRESS!
And you wonder why other countries make fun of the USA.


I am happy to announce that the next AHC Museum Meetup will be at the Norton Simon Museum on Saturday, June 30th. The museum features a special exhibition of Ellsworth Kelly and the Museum's Annual Garden Party from 5:00pm – 7:00pm.
Please Note: The reason the Meetup is so long is, some people may not want to stay for the Annual Garden Party (5pm- 7pm) while other may want to show up late and stay late. It's very flexible and you can join us when you want!
Additionally, we'll watch the documentary about Norton Simon and the making of his museum then tour the Renaissance, Baroque, 18th & 19 century, and Modern art collections. For lunch we'll grab a coffee, wine or beer in the gardens and for those who want to stay, the Museum is also having their annual Garden Party. See links below.


Here are some photos of my version of the "Beetle Bomb" Blue Angels plane. The original "Beetle Bomb" was a North American SNJ that was painted to resemble a Japanese Zero.
This is the 1/48 Hobby craft kit. The fit was good overall. I didn't need any filler anywhere. The canopy is a little thick, but it's presentable. I used Bare metal Foil to simulate the highly polished leading edges of the wings, fin and stabilizer. It was finished using "Model Master" enamels. I gave the plane a light overall coat of white first. Once that dried, I sprayed on the "Blue Angels Yellow".
The decals came from the Hobby Boss F8F-1 kit.
I decided not to weather this plane or spray on the exhaust and oil stains. I wanted it to look as it would have just before a show. You can see how easily visible the exhaust staining is seen in the original photos… The yellow is a good contrasting color for exhaust and oil.
The only problem I had is that the propeller doesn't sit just right in the engine crankcase. It's a little loose and will not stay against the gear case.
Thanks Craig !!!! I thought so too………. The yellow just pops and I didn't want to take away from that.
Thank Rob !!!!! I appreciate the compliment Sir.
A very nice Bearcat, Louis !
And Congrats for your Wildcat Award !
Thanks Bernd. I was lucky to win the random award. I am thankful for that.
Louis, there's a story that one of the test pilots at Pax River in them days took one off, rolled it, and landed straight ahead. Try that with your F-18.
That is a pretty scheme, and the photos of the originals are marvelous.
Thank you Bernard. I had heard about that story. The astronaut Neil Armstrong claimed it was his favorite type to fly also. He said it always brought a grin to his face……. I can only imagine. There are also stories of some planes shedding the outer wing panels if too many G's were pulled. This apparently was a design feature to save the plane from self destructing. Later they got rid of that feature as the outer 4 feet of the wing tip would come off. if memory serves me. Crazy stuff !!!!!
Thank you Greg. Once I saw pictures of the real plane I knew that eventually I would have to build one. then Hobby Boss came out with their kit and it had the decals I needed.
I felt the same way when I first saw pictures of the real plane. Thanks Robert.
This is great, Louis! I'm a big fan of demo teams, & the Blue Angels in particular. I also enjoyed the real photos you included … not that the model pics weren't real – LoL! Outstanding!


We are very excited to kick off the new school year with all of our students and families! From all of us at Edy we wish you a happy and relaxing Labor day weekend! We will see you all here for the first day of school next Tuesday September 6th. School start time is 7:55!


An awful lot can happen in any given week, and it's no easy task keeping up with all the excitement – both in the world of science and beyond. To keep you up to date with our coverage at ScienceAlert, each week we put together this shareable image with some of the past week's highlights.
If you saw an alien, would you even know what it is?
The entire time the Moon has been sitting up there, quietly orbiting Earth, it turns out it's actually been doing something incredible. Something that could help teach us about the early Universe. Off its rocky surface, the Moon reflects radio waves emitted by our home galaxy, the Milky Way. And now astronomers have detected them.


Housed in an old butter factory, Formatgeria La Seu has the air of a rustic cheese shop you might find in a small village, certainly not in a high traffic district in Barcelona.
My legs are sore and the sun-damaged skin on my back burns beneath the weight of my leather satchel. Today I am paying the price of the prior day's excursion to Sitges, a beach town about 40 minutes outside of Barcelona. To make matters worse, during the preceding four days, my companion and I decided to take on Barcelona mostly by foot, despite her bad back and my unsupportive footwear—the slow undoing of last summer's late season, deep discount purchase of "made in Italy" leather sandals betrays their promise of quality. That, or my mother is right, and I do walk funny.
We hobble up to the front door of Formatgeria La Seu, a small cheese shop in the city's Gothic quarter. From the outside, the place looks packed, which we take to mean that there is a line to get to the coveted back space, where, as multiple online sources have informed me, one can enjoy a cheese plate and glass of wine. But we are wrong on this assumption.
The place, it turns out, is inhabited by only a single group of foreign tourists, no more than eight people, nibbling on small cones of a cheese-based gelato. A woman blocking the door, in the commanding tone of a seasoned chaperon herding a flock of unruly school children, instructs the group to clear a path for our entrance, making a point to tell us how great the place is. A hostess is nowhere in site, so we make our way towards the back, where we get a glimpse of some tables and chairs and assume that is the way forward to claim a table of our own. Halfway there, a frenzied Scotswoman barrels down the narrow pathway, obstructing our journey to the grotto of our cheese-obsessed imaginations.
She turns out to be Katherine, the owner, and we inquire whether we can have a table. The room has been reserved by a private party, and there is another later in the evening. Like many places that still follow tradition, they are closed for an afternoon siesta and reopen around 5pm. If we like, we can come back at 5:30 so long as we can be gone within half and hour. Sensing our indecision, she suggests we take our deliberation to the sidewalk outside, and scurries back to tend to the private party. Instead, the place empties out, and we weigh our options as we scan the empty plates and wine glasses left behind.
Housed in an old butter factory, Formatgeria La Seu has the air of a rustic cheese shop you might find in a small village, certainly not in a high traffic district in Barcelona. A modest refrigerated section displays an assortment of cheeses sourced from Spanish farms, and prices seem unduly reasonable for a place that has made it into many highly acclaimed travel guides over the years. In the seated area, with table service, a cheese plate of five varieties with bread costs about 8.75 Euro and a glass of wine 2.50. Standing tastings of three cheeses and wine at the front of the house are about 3 Euro, and a small wheel of unpasteurized goats cheese runs about 5 Euro.
Judging by her tone of voice, Katherine appears to want us to go the way of the standing room tasting, and though she is in no way impolite or pushy, something about her subtle insistence pushes us further to the decision she seems to not want us to make. We decide to book a table for later that evening, and limp out of the cheese shop to pass the next three hours hunting for shade and some sustenance to tie us over until our coveted cheese experience.
We arrive significantly earlier than our appointment, and Katherine is still setting up the space, but we are in no rush. She seems more relaxed and at ease than she was earlier, and her natural charm and effervescence come through. She cordially asks that we make sure to turn off the water and lights in the bathroom, mentioning that many customers get offended by the excessive number of rules at La Seu, the only other of which is the ban on photography. She relates an anecdote of a disgruntled customer who, upon being instructed to put his camera down, walked out in a huff and refused to purchase any cheese. His loss becomes apparent when our plate arrives. With a chocolate pen, Katherine writes down the names of the cheeses we will be enjoying directly onto our plate, informing us of their regions and producers. We have two unpasteurized goats cheeses, one aged sheep cheese, a blue cheese made from two different cows' milks, and a semi-soft cows cheese. Cheeses are paired with orange marmalade, strawberry jam and quince, and she brings us a small bowl of fresh cherries in season.
The cheese is everything we had hoped for; perhaps not a far cry from what we may be familiar with, but with an elevated quality that the American palette is not wont to savor. A lightly sour, semi-soft cows milk cheese, "Arzua" from Galicia, is the favorite of my companion, while I relish the creamy unpasteurized goat's milk cheese from a cheesemaker in nearby Terradelles, named "Petitot" after the cheese maker's son, Ot.
But much of our enjoyment comes simply from our host. Katherine appears every so often, in between preparing for the evening's guests and tending to customers, and we discuss the recent Leave vote for Brexit, Donald Trump and the possibility of a Scottish secession from Great Britain. When our cheese is finished, she uses the chocolate pen and blank canvas of our empty white plate to map out the political parties of Spain and Catalunya, explaining party allegiances in anticipation of the following day's elections. While my companion is in the ladies room (taking due diligence to turn off the water and lights), she pulls up her sleeves to reveal a sunburn on her forearms, acquired during a holiday bike excursion, in a kind gesture of solidarity.
Despite the success and critical acclaim of La Seu, its proprietor seems somewhat averse to the expansion that typically comes with such praise. Katherine enjoys running a modest place with no frills, and we feel privileged to have gotten a seat at all, despite the fact that we are the only ones in there. Apparently, she once unknowingly tried to shoe away Scotland's only two Michelin-starred chef, and sent him to a sandwich shop when asked for a recommendation of a place to eat. But she harbors no regrets. After all, where can you possibly send a Michelin starred chef and expect him to be impressed?
Although we would have, like all other millennial travelers who relish any opportunity to invoke the envy of their social media followers, preferred to memorialize the occasion on Instagram, there is something to be said about keeping our smartphones out of site. The sheer pleasure of simply enjoying high quality products in a far away land, and the company of an owner who is truly dedicated to hospitality and cheerful conversation, is refreshing in an era of ubiquitous foodie competition. Katherine is clearly averse to the kinds of contemporary platforms that may bring foot traffic, but can also become spaces where disgruntled customers air their grievances or nitpick over every detail, which can really kill the spirit of a local establishment. Her apparent mission is simple, humble and well-executed; we get the sense that all she really wants is to be able to serve a manageable number of customers high quality cheeses at a fair price, which she succeeds at doing, on her own terms.
Come to Fortmageria La Seu for the cheese, but stay for the company. Even if you only manage to pop in to purchase a few products, or do a quick tasting in the front, try if you may to catch a word with the owner. Good old fashioned hospitality has not gone the way of the dodo bird in this gem, and with your camera phone kept dutifully out of sight, you can keep this moment for yourself.
The sheer pleasure of simply enjoying high quality products, and the company of an owner who is truly dedicated to hospitality and cheerful conversation, is refreshing in an era of ubiquitous foodie competition . . .


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Home MUSIC BN1 Chats to Glass Animals
BN1 Chats to Glass Animals
Nammie Matthews
Glass Animals are knackered. After two whole years of touring off the back of their debut release Zaba, the Oxford foursome have barely given themselves a break – this year returning to the studio for round two, releasing follow-up How To Be A Human Being back in August. Gearing up to hit the road again, it seems they're a long way from any real rest, but then they're not exactly the kind to complain about it. "We've been absolutely non-stop," Glass Animals' drummer Joe Seaward tells me. "We haven't really had a break for the last three or four years. And we're just about to start the next chapter of touring which doesn't seem to be stopping any time soon. But it's great fun. I'd much rather be too busy than not busy enough."
A bold departure from its predecessor both lyrically and sonically, How To Be A Human Being is the natural amalgamation of the band's extensive tour experience – essentially a scrapbook of the people they've met on the road so far. However, instead of simply writing songs about these characters, Glass Animals have taken small aspects of their personalities and extrapolated their own, resulting in an immersive album of storytelling lyrics juxtaposed on to music that effectively conveys an overall emotion, outlook or attitude. "We've met so many people with really interesting stories, but rather than just write songs about them, we wanted to channel the way people told us stories instead. The songs are less about the people themselves, but more about the way that the people we met expressed their feelings, sentiments and stories."
Considering the global success of Zaba, it appeared to mark Glass Animals as ideal candidates for the clichéd 'sophomore slump'. The widespread acclaim received for How To Be A Human Being suggests Glass Animals obliterated all expectations for their second offering. The band is known for their innate ambition (frontman Dave Bayley was a medicine undergrad when Glass Animals started, and each member finished their respective degrees before embarking on music as a career choice), however, when it comes to pressures for outshining their debut Seaward seems unconvinced they had a lot to go up against in the first place.
"When we released the first record there wasn't a lot of hype around Glass Animals – especially in England – so we felt we somehow managed to slip under the radar. We were then able to start from the bottom and work up. It meant that when we got around to working on the second album there wasn't a big weight of expectation. The press weren't really waiting for round two because no one really cared the first time round. To be honest, we made the record so quickly that there just wasn't that much time to think about what people would think and what we should do – we just did it."
Seaward may be right about initial response to their debut, however fast-forward to now and Zaba boasts over half a million copies sold and 200 million streams on Spotify – apparently all thanks to word of mouth. Having accumulated a legion of fans across the world during their extensive tour schedule, it really comes as no surprise… At least, to everyone except the band themselves. It's apparent that Glass Animals don't seem to realise just how successful they've become; from what Seaward tells us, the band simply haven't had time to reflect on any triumphs, and when he does discuss the bands' achievements, it's always modest. "The people that we've spoken to seem to be very positive about it. We're very proud and we're selling out shows – everything seems to be going pretty okay. For now, anyway." Pretty okay. Right.
Despite success around the globe and months on end touring, Seaward comments that he still feels very much at home in Oxford – and likely always will. Forgoing the megastar profile seems only natural to Glass Animals, and their music certainly benefits from it. Instead of the consumer-led tracks of the Top 40, the band lay down refreshingly unpredictable tunes that are all too difficult to define; the moment you try to pigeonhole them in to indie, they'll throw in some falsetto, synths and a hip-hop beat played on the tabla. It makes it very difficult to draw comparisons from – even to Seaward himself.
"One of our songs has a drum loop that's taken from a Bollywood song, and then another sound may be taken from a Nintendo game. It's more about what those sounds can offer – what concepts they can bring. With a Nintendo sound, immediately you think about it without consciously being aware of it. Similarly, you can provoke an emotion with something small. There are lots of very brilliant musicians that do that really well. But I don't think there's really one person we try to base our sound around."
Level-headed and grounded aren't often identifiers attributed to musicians, however as the interview with Joe Seaward comes to a close, it's difficult to not think of the band in this light. He parts with one final line about what really matters, demonstrating once and for all how to be a human being: "I think people are very different. Some people are alcoholics – you give someone a drink and they can't ever stop – and the same goes with fame. But to us, this whole thing is great, but it's not the be all and end all. People are much more important – my relationships with my family and friends are much more important. But these things I feel very privileged to be a part of, and I hope they go on for a very long time. Ultimately, if it ends, it's not a massive deal as long as we're all happy. That's always been the most important thing."
Glass Animals play Brighton Dome on Sat 22 Oct
www.brightondome.org
www.glassanimals.eu
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Tiriel is a narrative poem by William Blake, written c.1789. Considered the first of his prophetic books, it is also the first poem in which Blake used free septenaries, which he would go on to use in much of his later verse. Tiriel was unpublished during Blake's lifetime and remained so until 1874, when it appeared in William Michael Rossetti's Poetical Works of William Blake. Although Blake did not engrave the poem, he did make twelve sepia drawings to accompany the rough and unfinished manuscript, although three of them are considered lost as they have not been traced since 1863.

Synopsis
Many years before the poem begins, the sons of Har and Heva revolted and abandoned their parents. Tiriel subsequently set himself up as a tyrant in the west, driving one of his brothers, Ijim, into exile in the wilderness, and chaining the other, Zazel, in a cave in the mountains. Tiriel then made slaves of his own children, until eventually, led by the eldest son, Heuxos, they too rebelled, overthrowing their father. Upon his demise, Tiriel refused their offer of refuge in the palace, and instead went into exile in the mountains with his wife, Myratana. Five years later, the poem begins with the now blind Tiriel returning to the kingdom with his dying wife, as he wants his children to see her death, believing them to be responsible and cursing them for betraying him five years previously; "Come you accursed sons./In my weak arms. I here have borne your dying mother/Come forth sons of the Curse come forth. see the death of Myratana" (1:7-9). Soon thereafter, Myratana dies, and Tiriel's children again ask him to remain with them but he refuses and wanders away, again cursing them and telling them he will have his revenge;

After some time wandering, Tiriel eventually arrives at the "pleasant gardens" (2:10) of the Vales of Har, where he finds his parents, Har and Heva. However, they have both become senile and have regressed to a childlike state to such an extent that they think their guardian, Mnetha, is their mother. Tiriel lies about who is he is, claiming that he was cast into exile by the gods, who then destroyed his race; "I am an aged wanderer once father of a race/Far in the north. but they were wicked & were all destroyd/And I their father sent an outcast" (2:44-46). Excited by the visit, Har and Heva invite Tiriel to help them catch birds and listen to Har's singing in the "great cage" (3:21). Tiriel refuses to stay, however, claiming his journey is not yet at an end, and resumes his wandering.

He travels into the forest and soon encounters his brother Ijim, who has recently been terrorised by a shapeshifting spirit to whom he refers as "the Hypocrite". Upon seeing Tiriel, Ijim immediately assumes that Tiriel is another manifestation of the spirit;

Tiriel assures Ijim that he is in fact the real Tiriel, but Ijim does not believe him, and decides to return to Tiriel's palace to see the real Tiriel and thus expose the spirit as an imposter; "Impudent fiend said Ijim hold thy glib & eloquent tongue/Tiriel is a king. & thou the tempter of dark Ijim" (4:36-37). However, upon arriving at the palace, Heuxos informs Ijim that the Tiriel with him is indeed the real Tiriel, but Ijim suspects that the entire palace and everyone in it is part of the spirit's deception; "Then it is true Heuxos that thou hast turnd thy aged parent/To be the sport of wintry winds. (said Ijim) is this true/It is a lie & I am like the tree torn by the wind/Thou eyeless fiend. & you dissemblers. Is this Tiriels house/It is as false as Matha. & as dark as vacant Orcus/Escape ye fiends for Ijim will not lift his hand against ye" (4:72-77). As such, Ijim leaves, and upon his departure, Tiriel, descending ever more rapidly into madness, curses his children even more passionately than before;

Upon this declamation, four of his five daughters and one hundred of his one hundred and thirty sons are destroyed, including Heuxos. Tiriel then demands that his youngest and only surviving daughter, Hela, lead him back to the Vales of Har. She reluctantly agrees, but on the journey she denounces him for his actions; "Silence thy evil tongue thou murderer of thy helpless children" (6:35). Tiriel responds in a rage, turning her locks of hair into snakes, although he vows that if she brings him to the Vales of Har, he will return her hair to normal. On the way through the mountains, as they pass the cave wherein lives Zazel and his sons, Hela's cries of lamentation awaken them, and they hurl dirt and stones at Tiriel and Hela, mocking them as they pass; "Thy crown is bald old man. The sun will dry thy brains away/And thou wilt be as foolish as thy foolish brother Zazel" (7:12-13). Eventually Tiriel and Hela reach the Vales of Har, but rather than celebrating his return, Tiriel condemns his parents, and the way they brought him up, declaring that his father's laws and his own wisdom now "end together in a curse" (8:8);

Upon this outburst, Tiriel then dies at his parents' feet; "He ceast outstretch'd at Har & Heva's feet in awful death" (8:29).

Characters
 Tiriel – as the former king of the west, Tiriel is of the body in Blake's mythological system, in which the west is assigned to Tharmas, representative of the senses. However, when he visits the Vales of Har, Tiriel falsely claims to be from the north, which is assigned to Urthona, representative of the imagination. Most scholars agree that Tiriel's name was probably taken from Heinrich Cornelius Agrippa's De occulta philosophia libri tres (1651), where the name is associated with the planet Mercury and the elements sulphur and mercury. Harold Bloom, however, believes the name is a combination of the word 'tyrant' and the Hebrew word for God, El. In terms of Tiriel's character, David V. Erdman believes that he is partially based on King George III, who suffered bouts of insanity throughout 1788 and 1789. Erdman argues that "the pattern of Tiriel's "madness and deep dismay" parallels that of King George's," and thus the poem is "a symbolic portrait of the ruler of the British Empire. [Blake] knew that the monarch who represented the father principal of law and civil authority was currently insane." As evidence, Erdman points out that during his bouts of insanity, George tended to become hysterical in the presence of four of his five daughters, only the youngest, (Amelia), could calm him (in the poem, Tiriel destroys four of his daughters but spares the youngest, his favourite). Bloom believes that Tiriel is also partially based on William Shakespeare's King Lear and, in addition, is a satire "of the Jehovah of deistic orthodoxy, irascible and insanely rationalistic." Northrop Frye makes a similar claim; "He expects and loudly demands gratitude and reverence from his children because he wants to be worshipped as a god, and when his demands are answered by contempt he responds with a steady outpouring of curses. The kind of god which the existence of such tyrannical papas suggests is the jealous Jehovah of the Old Testament who is equally fertile in curses and pretexts for destroying his innumerable objects of hatred." Alicia Ostriker believes the character to be partially based on both Oedipus from Sophocles' Oedipus Rex and the prince of Tyre from the Book of Ezekiel (28:1-10), who is denounced by Ezekiel for trying to pass himself off as God. Looking at the character from a symbolic point of view, Frye argues that he "symbolises a society or civilisation in its decline."

 Har – Mary S. Hall believes that Har's name was derived from Jacob Bryant's A New System or Analysis of Antient Mythology (1776), where Bryant conflates the Amazonian deities Harmon and Ares with the Egyptian deity Harmonia, wife of Cadmus. Blake had engraved plates for the book in the early 1780s, so he would have certainly have been familiar with its content. As a character, S. Foster Damon believes that Har represents both the "decadent poetry of Blake's day" and the traditional spirit of Christianity. Northrop Frye reaches a similar conclusion, but also sees divergence in the character, arguing that although Har and Heva are based on Adam and Eve, "Har is distinguished from Adam. Adam is ordinary man in his mixed twofold nature of imagination and Selfhood. Har is the human Selfhood which, though men spend most of their time trying to express it, never achieves reality and is identified only as death. Har, unlike Adam, never outgrows his garden but remains there shut up from the world in a permanent state of near-existence." Bloom agrees with this interpretation, arguing that "Har is natural man, the isolated selfhood." Bloom also believes that Har is comparable to Struldbruggs from Jonathan Swift's Gulliver's Travels (1726) and Tithonus from Alfred, Lord Tennyson's poem of the same name (1859). In another sense, Frye suggests that "Har represents the unborn theory of negative innocence established by obeying a moral law." On the other hand, Anne Kostelanetz Mellor sees Har as representing simple innocence and the Vales of Har as representative of Eden. 'Har' is the Hebrew word for 'mountain', thus giving an inherent irony to the phrase "Vales of Har". Damon believes this conveys the ironic sense that "he who was a mountain now lives in a vale, cut off from mankind.
 Heva – Frye believes she is "a reduplicate Eve." Damon argues that she represents neoclassical painting.
 Ijim – Ostriker feels he represents superstition. Damon believes he represents the power of the common people. Ijim's name could have come from Emanuel Swedenborg's Vera Christiana Religio (1857); "the ochim, tziim and jiim, which are mentioned in the prophetical parts of the Word." In the poem, Ijim encounters a tiger, a lion, a river, a cloud, a serpent, a toad, a rock, a shrub and Tiriel. In Swedenborg, "self-love causes its lusts to appear at a distance in hell where it reigns like various species of wild beasts, some like foxes and leopards, some like wolves and tigers, and some like crocodiles and venomous serpents." The word is also found in the Book of Isaiah 13:21, where it is translated as "satyrs". According to Harold Bloom, "The Ijim are satyrs or wild men who will dance in the ruins of the fallen tyranny, Babylon. Blake's Ijim is a self-brutalised wanderer in a deathly nature [...] The animistic superstitions of Ijim are a popular support for the negative holiness of Tiriel." On the other hand, W.H. Stevenson reads Ijim as "an old-fashioned Puritan – honest but grim, always a ready adversary of Sin." Nancy Bogen believes he may be partially based on William Pitt, especially his actions during the Regency Crisis of 1788.
 Zazel – Damon argues that Zazel represents the outcast genius. As with Tiriel, his name was probably taken from Agrippa, where it is associated with Saturn and the element earth. The name could also be a modification of the Hebrew word Azazel, which occurs in the Book of Leviticus, 16:10, and tends to be translated as "scapegoat". Nancy Bogen believes he may be partially based on the Whig politician Charles James Fox, archrival of William Pitt.
 Myratana – her name may have come from Myrina, Queen of Mauretania, who was described in Bryant's A New System.
 Heuxos – Hall believes the name was derived from the Hyksos, an Asiatic people who invaded the Nile Delta in the Twelfth Dynasty of Egypt c.1720 BC.
 Yuva – son of Tiriel
 Lotho – son of Tiriel

 Hela – Damon argues that she symbolises touch and sexuality. She is possibly named after Hel, the Scandinavian goddess of Hell in Thomas Gray's "The Descent of Odin" (1768).
 Mnetha – Damon believes she represents the spirit of neoclassicism, which Blake felt encouraged inferior poetry and painting. He also points out that  Mnetha is "almost" an anagram of Athena, goddess of wisdom. Frye suggests that the name is an amalgamation of Athena and Mnemosyne, the personification of memory in Greek mythology. Anne Kostelanetz Mellor sees her as representative of "that memory that preserves the vision of the past."
 Clithyma and Makuth – sons of Tiriel mentioned in a deleted passage
 Four unnamed daughters and one hundred and twenty-five unnamed sons

Manuscript
Tiriel survives in only a single manuscript copy, located in the British Museum. An eight-page document written in Blake's hand, the manuscript is inscribed "Tiriel / MS. by Mr Blake". It is believed that up to page 8, line 4 ("Lead me to Har & Heva I am Tiriel King of the west"), the poem is a fair copy, transcribed from somewhere else, but at 8:4 the quantity of corrections and alterations increases, and the writing becomes scribbled and in a different ink to the rest of the poem. This difference has led Erdman to argue that the later part of the poem was not transcribed, but was worked out in the manuscript itself, and may have been rushed. Additionally, many of the handwritten corrections, emendations and deletions in the parts of the poem prior to 8:4 are in the same ink as the lines after 8:4, suggesting Blake went back over the manuscript and revised earlier parts of it when he returned to finish it.

A considerable amount of material has been deleted by Blake in the manuscript. For example, when Tiriel initially arrives in the Vales of Har, he lies about his identity. In the poem as Blake left it, the scene reads "I am not of this region, said Tiriel dissemblingly/I am an aged wanderer once father of a race/Far in the north" (2:43-44). However, in the original manuscript, between these two lines is contained the line "Fearing to tell them who he was, because of the weakness of Har." Similarly, when Har recognises Tiriel he proclaims "Bless thy face for thou are Tiriel" (3:6), to which Tiriel responds "Tiriel I never saw but once I sat with him and ate" (3:7). Between these two lines were originally the lines "Tiriel could scarcely dissemble more & his tongue could scarce refrain/But still he fear'd that Har & Heva would die of joy and grief."

The longest omissions occur during the encounter with Ijim and when Tiriel returns to the Vales of Har. When Ijim arrives at the palace with Tiriel, he begins by saying "Then it is true Heuxos that thou hast turned thy aged parent/To be the sport of wintry winds" (4:72-73). However, originally, Ijim begins

The second large deletion occurs towards the end of the poem, when Tiriel asks Har "Why is one law given to the lion & the patient Ox/And why men bound beneath the heavens in a reptile form" (8:9-10). Originally, however, between these two lines was

A major question concerning the manuscript is whether or not Blake ever intended to illuminate it. Whether he had devised his method for relief etching at the time of composition is unknown, although he did make twelve drawings which were apparently to be included with the poem in some shape or form. Peter Ackroyd suggests that the illustrations, "conceived in the heroic style," were inspired by the work of James Barry and George Romney, both of whom Blake admired and were intended for illustration rather than illumination. Most scholars agree with this theory (i.e. the images wouldn't be combined with the text, they would simply accompany the text) and it has been suggested that Blake abandoned the project when he discovered the technique to realise his desire for full integration of text and image. His first relief etching was The Approach of Doom (1788), and his first successful combination of words and pictures were All Religions are One and There is No Natural Religion (both 1788), but they were experiments only. His first 'real' illuminated book was The Book of Thel (1789) and it is possible that he abandoned Tiriel to work on Thel after making his breakthrough with All Religions and Natural Religion. According to David Bindman, for example, "Tiriel's clear separation of text and design is transitional in being an example of the conventional method of combining text with design implicitly rejected by Blake in developing the method of illuminated printing. He probably abandoned the series because his new technique took him beyond what had now become for him an obsolete method."

Blake's mythology

Although Blake was yet to formulate his mythological system, several preliminary elements of that system are present in microcosm in Tiriel. According to Peter Ackroyd, "the elements of Blake's unique mythology have already begun to emerge. It is the primeval world of Bryant and of Stukeley, which he had glimpsed within engravings of stones and broken pillars." Elements of his later mythology are thus manifested throughout the poem.

Although Northrop Frye speculates that the Vales of Har are located in Ethiopia, due to the pyramids in the illustration Tiriel supporting Myratana, S. Foster Damon believes the poem to be set in Egypt, which is a symbol of slavery and oppression throughout Blake's work. For example, in The Book of Urizen (1794),  after the creation of mortal man,

Similarly, in The Book of Los (1795), Urizen is imprisoned within "Coldness, darkness, obstruction, a Solid/Without fluctuation, hard as adamant/Black as marble of Egypt; impenetrable" (Chap. I, Verse 10). Many years later, in On Virgil (1822), Blake claims that "Sacred Truth has pronounced that Greece & Rome as Babylon & Egypt: so far from being parents of Arts & Sciences as they pretend: were destroyers of all Art." Similarly, in The Laocoön (also 1822), he writes "The Gods of Greece & Egypt were Mathematical Diagrams," "These are not the Works/Of Egypt nor Babylon Whose Gods are the Powers of this World. Goddess, Nature./Who first spoil & then destroy Imaginative Art For their Glory is War and Dominion" and "Israel delivered from Egypt is Art delivered from Nature & Imitation."

Another connection to Blake's later mythology is found in The Vales of Har, which are mentioned in The Book of Thel (1789). It is in the Vales where lives Thel herself, and throughout the poem they are represented as a place of purity and innocence; "I walk through the vales of Har. and smell the sweetest flowers" (3:18). At the end of the poem, when Thel is shown the world of experience outside the Vales, she panics and flees back to the safety of her home; "The Virgin started from her seat, & with a shriek./Fled back unhinderd till she came into the vales of Har" (6:21-22).

The characters of Har and Heva also reappear in the Africa section of The Song of Los (1795), which is set chronologically before Tiriel. Disturbed by the actions of their family, Har and Heva  flee into the wilderness, and turn into reptiles;

Damon refers to this transformation as turning them into "serpents of materialism," which he relates back to their role in Tiriel.

Har and Ijim are also briefly mentioned in Vala, or The Four Zoas (1796–1803), where Har is the sixteenth son of Los and Enitharmon, and Ijim the eighteenth. Har's immediate father is Satan, representative of self-love in Blake, and his children are Ijim and Ochim (The Four Zoas, VIII:360).

Although Tiriel himself is not featured in any of Blake's later work, he is often seen as a foreshadowing of Urizen, limiter of men's desires, embodiment of tradition and conformity, and a central character in Blake's mythology, appearing in Visions of the Daughters of Albion (1793), America a Prophecy (1793), Europe a Prophecy (1794), The Book of Urizen (1794), The Book of Ahania (1795), The Book of Los (1795), The Song of Los (1795), Vala, or The Four Zoas (1796–1803), Milton a Poem (1804–1810), and Jerusalem The Emanation of the Giant Albion (1804–1820). Tiriel is similar to Urizen insofar as "he too revolted, set himself up as a tyrant, became a hypocrite, ruined his children by his curse, and finally collapsed."

Other aspects of Blake's mythology also begin to emerge during the poem. For example, Damon argues that the death of the four unnamed daughters and the corruption of the fifth is Blake's first presentation of the death of the four senses and the corruption of touch, or sex; "all imaginative activity based on the senses disappears except automatic sexual reproduction. Even this proves too much for his moral virtue." As Damon elaborates, "Hela's Medusan locks are the torturing thoughts of suppressed lust." The corruption of the senses plays an important role throughout Europe a Prophecy ("the five senses whelm'd/In deluge o'er the earth-born man"), The Book of Urizen ("The senses inwards rush'd shrinking,/Beneath the dark net of infection"), The Song of Los ("Thus the terrible race of Los & Enitharmon gave/Laws & Religions to the sons of Har binding them more/And more to Earth: closing and restraining:/Till a Philosophy of Five Senses was complete"), The Four Zoas ("Beyond the bounds of their own self their senses cannot penetrate") and Jerusalem ("As the Senses of Men shrink together under the Knife of flint").

Harold Bloom points out that the points of the compass, which would come to play a vital role in Blake's later mythological system, are used symbolically for the first time in Tiriel; "the reference to "the western plains" in line 2 marks the onset of Blake's directional system, in which the west stands for man's body, with its potential either for sensual salvation or natural decay." In The Four Zoas, Milton and Jerusalem, after the Fall of the primeval man, Albion, he is divided fourfold, and each of the four Zoas corresponds to a point on the compass and an aspect of Fallen man; Tharmas is west (the body), Urizen is south (Reason), Luvah is east (emotions) and Urthona is north (imagination).

Another subtle connection with the later mythological system is found when Tiriel has all but thirty of his sons killed; "And all the children in their beds were cut off in one night/Thirty of Tiriels sons remaind. to wither in the palace/Desolate. Loathed. Dumb Astonishd waiting for black death" (5:32-34). Damon believes this foreshadows The Book of Urizen, where Urizen brings about the fall of the thirty cities of Africa; "And their thirty cities divided/In form of a human heart", "And the thirty cities remaind/Surrounded by salt floods" (27:21-22 and 28:8-9).

Another minor connection to the later mythology is that two lines from the poem are used in later work by Blake. The deleted line "can wisdom be put in a silver rod, or love in a golden bowl?" is found in the Motto from The Book of Thel, and a version of the line "Why is one law given to the lion & the patient Ox?" (8:9) is found as the final line of The Marriage of Heaven and Hell (1790); "One Law for the Lion & Ox is Oppression."

Critical interpretations
Tiriel has provoked a number of divergent critical responses. For example, according to G.E. Bentley, "Tiriel has always proved a puzzle to commentators on Blake." Similarly, Kathleen Raine points out, "this phantasmagoria on the theme of the death of an aged king and tyrant-father may be – indeed, must be – read at several levels." Making much the same point, W.H. Stevenson argues that "the theme is not clearly related to any political, philosophical, religious or moral doctrine."

Northrop Frye reads the poem symbolically, seeing it primarily as "a tragedy of reason," and arguing that "Tiriel is the puritanical iconoclasm and brutalised morality that marks the beginning of cultural decadence of which the lassitude of Deism is the next stage, and Ijim is introduced to show the mental affinity between Deism and savagery."

A different reading is given by S. Foster Damon, who argues that it is "an analysis of the decay and failure of Materialism at the end of the Age of Reason." Similarly, arguing that Har represents Christianity and Heva is an Eve-figure, Damon believes the poem illustrates that "by the end of the Age of Reason, official religion had sunk into the imbecility of childhood."

David V. Erdman looks at the poem from a political perspective, reading it in the light of the commencement of the French Revolution in July 1789, with the Storming of the Bastille. He believes the poem deals both with pre-revolutionary France and "unrevolutionary" England, where people were more concerned with the recently revealed madness of George III than with righting the wrongs of society, as Blake saw them; "in France the people in motion were compelling the King to relax his grasp on the spectre. In England, the royal grasp had suddenly failed but there seemed nothing for the people to do but wait and see [...] when the King's recovery was celebrated, a bit prematurely, in March 1789, "happiness" was again official. Popular movements did exist, but except for the almost subterranean strike of the London blacksmiths for a shorter workday, they were largely humanitarian or pious in orientation and in no immediate sense revolutionary." He also feels the poem deals with "the internal disintegration of despotism," and finds a political motive in Tiriel's final speech, which he sees as inspired by Jean-Jacques Rousseau's Emile, or On Education.

Anne Kostelanetz Mellor also reads the poem as a political tract, although from a very different perspective than Erdman. She argues that the poem engages with "Blake's increasing uncertainty about both the social and the aesthetic implications of a closed form or system" and concludes with the edict that Tiriel's "repressive reign of deceit, slander, discontent and despair enslaves not only the ruled but the ruler as well [...] his closed mind, chained to closed palaces and legal systems ends by destroying both itself and everything over which it gains power. In this sense, she reads Tiriel's final speech as "reflecting the agony of a self trapped in the repressive social mores and intellectual absolutism of eighteenth century England."

Harold Bloom, however, is not convinced of a political interpretation, arguing instead that "Tiriel's failure to learn until too late the limitations of his self-proclaimed holiness is as much a failure in a conception of divinity as it is of political authority."

Another theory is suggested by Peter Ackroyd, who argues that the poem is "a fable of familial blindness and foolishness – fathers against sons, brother against brother, a family dispersed and alienated – which concludes with Blake's belief in the spiritual rather than the natural, man."

Alicia Ostriker believes that the poem deals with "the failure of natural law."

Perhaps the most common theory, however, is summarised by Nelson Hilton, who argues that it "suggests in part a commentary on the state of the arts in an age which could conceive of poetry as a golden structure built with "harmony of words, harmony of numbers" (John Dryden) [...] exchanging the present for the past, Tiriel views late eighteenth-century English artistic material and practice as an impotent enterprise with nothing left but to curse its stultifying ethos of decorum and improvement." Hilton is here building on the work of Damon, who argued that Mnetha represents "neoclassical criticism, which protects decadent poetry (Har) and painting (Heva)." Additionally, Har sings in a "great cage" (3:21), which to Damon suggests the heroic couplet, which Blake abhorred. Hilton believes the phrase "great cage" recalls the poem 'Song: "How sweet I roamd from field to field"' from Poetical Sketches (1783), which also deals with oppression and failure to achieve fulfillment. Similarly, in this same line of interpretation, Ostriker argues that "our singing birds" (3:20) and "fleeces" (3:21) suggest neoclassical lyric poetry and pastoral poetry, while Erdman argues that "To catch birds & gather them ripe cherries" (3:13) "signifies triviality and sacchurnity of subject matter", whilst "sing in the great cage" (3:21) "signifies rigidity of form."

Adaptations
Tiriel () is a 1985 opera with libretto and music by Russian/British composer Dmitri Smirnov partially based on Blake's text. The opera incorporates material from several of Blake's other poems; the "Introduction", "A Cradle Song" and "The Divine Image" from Songs of Innocence (1789), and "The Tyger" from Songs of Innocence and of Experience (1794).

References

Citations

Further reading
 Ackroyd, Peter. Blake (London: Vintage, 1995)
 Behrendt, Stephen C. "The Worst Disease: Blake's Tiriel", Colby Library Quarterly, 15:3 (Fall, 1979), 175-87
 Bentley, G.E. and Nurmi, Martin K. A Blake Bibliography: Annotated Lists of Works, Studies and Blakeana (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1964)
 Bentley, G.E. (ed.) Tiriel: facsimile and transcript of the manuscript, reproduction of the drawings and a commentary on the poem (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1967)
 . (ed.) William Blake: The Critical Heritage (London: Routledge, 1975)
 . Blake Books: Annotated Catalogues of William Blake's Writings (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1977)
 . William Blake's Writings (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1978)
 . The Stranger from Paradise: A Biography of William Blake (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2001)
 Bindman, David. "Blake as a Painter" in Morris Eaves (ed.) The Cambridge Companion to William Blake (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003), 85-109
 Bogen, Nancy. "A New Look at Blake's Tiriel", BYNPL, 73 (1969), 153-165
 Damon, S. Foster. A Blake Dictionary: The Ideas and Symbols of William Blake (Hanover: University Press of New England 1965; revised ed. 1988)
 Erdman, David V. Blake: Prophet Against Empire (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1954; 2nd ed. 1969; 3rd ed. 1977)
 . (ed.) The Complete Poetry and Prose of William Blake (New York: Anchor Press, 1965; 2nd ed. 1982; Newly revised ed. 1988)
 Essick, Robert N. "The Altering Eye: Blake's Vision in the Tiriel Designs" in Morton D. Paley and Michael Phillips (eds.), Essays in Honour of Sir Geoffrey Keynes (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1973), 50-65
 Frye, Northrop. Fearful Symmetry: A Study of William Blake (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1947)
 Gilchrist, Alexander. Life of William Blake, "Pictor ignotus". With selections from his poems and other writings (London: Macmillan, 1863; 2nd ed. 1880; rpt. New York: Dover Publications, 1998)
 Hall, Mary S. "Tiriel: Blake's Visionary Form Pedantic", BYNPL, 73 (1969), 166-176
 Raine, Kathleen. "Some Sources of Tiriel", Huntington Library Quarterly, 21:1 (November, 1957), 1-36
 . Blake and Tradition (New York: Routledge, 1968)
 Hilton, Nelson. "Literal/Tiriel/Material", in Dan Miller, Mark Bracher and Donald Ault (eds.), Critical Paths: Blake and the Argument of Method (Durham: Duke University Press, 1987), 99-110
 . "Blake's Early Works" in Morris Eaves (ed.) The Cambridge Companion to William Blake (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003), 191-209
 Keynes, Geoffrey. (ed.) The Complete Writings of William Blake, with Variant Readings (London: Nonesuch Press, 1957; 2nd ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1966)
 Mellor, Anne Kostelanetz. Blake's Human Form Divine (Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1974)
 Ostriker, Alicia (ed.) William Blake: The Complete Poems (London: Penguin, 1977)
 Ostrom, Hans. "Blake's Tiriel and the Dramatization of Collapsed Language," Papers On Language and Literature, 19:2 (Spring, 1983), 167-182
 Sampson, John (ed.) The poetical works of William Blake; a new and verbatim text from the manuscript engraved and letterpress originals (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1905)
 Schuchard, Marsha Keith. "Blake's Tiriel and the Regency Crisis: Lifting the Veil on a Royal Masonic Scandal", in Jackie DiSalvo, G.A. Rosso and Christopher Z. Hobson (eds.), Blake, Politics, and History (New York: Garland, 1998) 115-35
 Spector, Sheila A. "Tiriel as Spenserian Allegory Manqué", Philological Quarterly, 71:3 (Autumn, 1992), 313-35
 Stevenson, W.H. (ed.) Blake: The Complete Poems (Longman Group: Essex, 1971; 2nd ed. Longman: Essex, 1989; 3rd ed. Pearson Education: Essex, 2007)

External links

 William Blake Dreamer of Dreams article
 Stephen C. Behrendt, "The Worst Disease: Blake's Tiriel", Colby Library Quarterly, 15:3 (Fall, 1979), 175-87

1789 poems
British poems
Poetry by William Blake
William Blake
William Blake's mythology


text:
Cleveland Hts. infill housing assistance still under debate
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CLEVELAND HEIGHTS, Ohio — A long-proposed "assessment deficit" funding assistance program for infill housing in the city's Caledonia neighborhood remains a topic of further discussion, both in council and at meetings. of the American Rescue Plan Act (ARPA).
"I truly believe the majority of the city council is in favor, and I trust them to do the right thing," said the Reverend Jimmie Hicks, executive director of Start Right Community Development Corp.
But regarding ARPA's community engagement meetings on how to spend about $10 million remaining in the city's $38.8 million federal allocation for coronavirus relief, Hicks said. that he wasn't sure most people even knew what the term "valuation gap" meant, in terms of applying for funding on the city's community feedback survey.
"We originally asked for down payment assistance of $15,000 to help individual buyers who wanted to build in Caledonia," Hicks said Sept. 20 after the council debated the legislation, which is still in its second reading since its introduction by Mayor Kahlil Seren in June. .
After the council recess in July, Seren suggested that the proposed ordinance creating the transformed "Rating Gap Program" be filed until the new ARPA community engagement meetings are completed.
The city held its third meeting on Sept. 21, and Seren noted earlier that "we're going to hold as many meetings as possible to reach out to the community as much as possible," including one in the Caledonia ward itself which had no not yet to be scheduled from Monday (September 26).
Councilman Anthony Mattox Jr. went door-to-door with the surveys in targeted neighborhoods and garnered more than 500 responses.
Other board members, volunteers and organizations held an "ARPA Survey Weekend" on September 17-18, recording more than 225 additional surveys in more than a dozen locations in an effort to fill the " digital divide" in disadvantaged neighborhoods.
This led to a discussion of the Caledonia project last week in the council's full committee, after councilor Davida Russell decided to "table" the valuation gap scheme legislation on September 6.
"They have a first-time home buyer and they're waiting for 'gap' financing," Councilwoman Gail Larson said Sept. 19, adding that "the neighborhood badly needs it."
Seren said he was "not sure if he would spend anything" while the city was still holding ARPA hearings – the reason he called for the bill to be tabled.
He called ARPA's community input meetings an example of "participatory budgeting" on which he campaigned to become the city's first elected mayor.
In the meantime, as part of the city's "Neighborhood Revitalization Program," the development agreement reached nearly a year ago calls for Hicks' Start Right CDC to build up to 23 homes in the neighborhood. in distress that his church anchors and where he serves as senior pastor.
As it stands, three of these homes are expected to be completed by the end of the year, with at least six homes built by June 30, 2024.
While project officials estimate that it would typically take around four months to complete a home, the development agreement contains a clause that construction could be subject to delays caused by external or unforeseen circumstances, with the possibility of additional time granted.
Hicks also noted that in the "Timeline" section of a separate development agreement approved late last year with Amato Homes, which is working on 18 other vacant lots along Desota Avenue, there has no deadline.
Hurry up and wait
In May, officials opened this first home on Nela View Road, where Seren said the occasion could be summed up in one word: "Momentum – it's a wonderful example of what we can do when we pull ourselves together and let's start rowing in the same direction."
But the water got choppy from there, with Hicks saying Start Right CDC may not have accurately estimated the city's treatment times.
"The city refused to sell us the lots until we had met nine qualifiers, which took about two months," Hicks said. "Then the construction department took two months to approve the plans."
He said most of those transactions were done through SAFEbuilt, the private building inspection company the city has contracted since around 2016.
Hicks estimated last week that Start Right CDC had already spent about "$100,000 in man-hours" on the project.
Others involved in the project believe that the process will become easier after the first houses are introduced.
"We acted in good faith with the city, through its architectural review board and zoning appeals board," Hicks said. "We went to town saying we wanted to build in Caledonia. They put out a request for proposals and asked us what we needed from them.
First deal made
With further council discussions scheduled for October, Hicks and Start Right CDC took matters into their own hands on Monday, closing the first home for $250,000 by issuing a $15,000 promissory note to cover the "gap."
"We did what we wanted the city to do, which made buying the house affordable for the client," Hicks said.
"We can't do this for every buyer, but the city can, if they really want to redevelop this area. A developer is not going to make a lot of money, so we need the city's help," he said.
The price was around $15,000 compared to projections made last October when the development agreement was signed, which called for houses to be built in the price range of $180,000 to $200,000 and then sold between $200,000 and $235,000.
Asked about the increase, Hicks said: 'Look at the market – we've seen interest rates (more than) double', as well as construction costs, with supply chain issues and labor shortages -work.
Returning on September 19, Mattox expressed a number of concerns, including people taking advantage of housing programs.
With the city's ARPA dollars limited, "people will raise the price of anything if there's a mechanism to fill a 'gap,'" Mattox said.
Councilman Tony Cuda thinks the legislation should be drafted with some kind of "sunset clause," limiting how long the city would provide potential "gap" funding to the neighborhood for infill housing.
Hicks agreed with Cuda, saying that "once we can build enough homes to increase the comp values in the neighborhood, the appraisals will be more consistent because we'll have the 'comps' we need to justify the cost of houses.
Mattox wondered if that cost could ever be justified, saying, "It's impossible to sell a house for a quarter of a million dollars in one city (Cleveland Heights) and then go to the schools in the city of 'East Cleveland', as the district is laid out.
As of the first close on Monday, Hicks said Start Right has so far been approached by 21 potential homeowners who have expressed an interest in buying one of the homes.
Project officials said many potential buyers – including the next two, another on Nela View and one on Greyton Road in the same block – are considering more "aging in place", with a single-storey design and no basements.
Councilor Josie Moore raised the possibility of a pilot program, "where the goal should not be to ensure that the developer succeeds, but to eliminate the long-term effects and ramifications of 'redlining' and structural racism. What can we do to fix this? »
Mattox argued that there are other ways to fight racism and help minority-owned landlords, and "before we start a pilot program, we need a funding plan and a budget — not just throwing a lot of money into a 'gap' program."
Seren said he did not write the valuation gap legislation, but introduced it this year as mayor in the interests of the "long-term viability of all our pennies." -housing markets" and "not for a single developer but for our whole city".
Hicks pointed out that while some city officials say they "don't make any legislation for individual developers, they just bought land" for the Cedar-Lee-Meadowbrook project.
In addition to the $765,000 award from Cut Beauty School purchased in August, the board previously approved an initial $290,000 in February for nearby Heights Animal Hospital.
That's just over $1 million for the two properties on Cedar Road as the city's contribution to developer Flaherty & Collins. That would be enough money to provide "gap financing" or down payment assistance on up to 70 infill homes in eligible neighborhoods and census tracts.
Incidentally, the city paid F&C an additional $369,000 — good for about 24 "valuation gap" installments — at the end of 2019 for a property on Euclid Heights Boulevard just off Edwards Road that became part of the ground lease for the Top of the Hill Project.
Russell believes continuing to file the Caledonia valuation gap law does a disservice to the community.
"The urgency is now," Russell said Sept. 19. "We shouldn't lay it down and do nothing. It was written by the city some time ago and we should speed it up.
Learn more about the Sun Press.
#Cleveland #Hts #infill #housing #assistance #debate


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