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Emergency? Call us at 855.534.7734
Shop Repairs
Well Work
205.408.6670 Emergency? Call us at 855.534.7734 Request a Pickup
Jayne and Teresa Morrow founded Morrow Repair Services in 2008 as an independent repair and services business associated with Brownlee-Morrow Company. We're proud to be a women-owned company and diverse supplier that doesn't just offer maintenance and restoration, but works hard to collaborate with clients through long-term relationships and ample communication.
Our team motto is "Nobody's Better Under Pressure" We can repair all makes and models of service pumps, rotation equipment, gear boxes, fans, blowers and vacuums. Morrow Repair Services is also an authorized Gould repair center, meaning that we're certified to work with one of the world's leading brands in pumps.
It is Morrow Repair Services' mission to offer exceptional customer service by providing cost-effective repairs and upgrade solutions. Our great safety ratings, along with an emphasis on high-quality work, means that you don't have to worry about your equipment when it's in our hands.
Teresa Morrow
Teresa runs the show in her role as CEO of Morrow Repair Services. Prior to her current position, Teresa excelled in the position of vice president for a large retail company, something which gave her the leadership and financial management skills needed to run her company today. Her favorite part of working at Morrow Repair Services is collaborating with her highly-qualified team to offer unique solutions for customers.
Jayne Morrow
Jayne has enjoyed being the COO Morrow Repair Service for the past 10 years. She has a passion for working in the pump industry. "We have a great team of employees who work together to repair and solve issues for our customers." After leaving college she worked for Southern Co. Services and was there for 11 years. Jayne worked in the Structural and Architectural Dept. as a draftsman / designer. Her experience in the pump industry is through her past work at Southern Co. and family business of selling and repairing pumps.
Sue Phillips
Sue's dedication to Morrow Repair Services, along with her extensive pump industry experience, are what landed her in the position of being the company's president. Her favorite part of the role is working closely with customers and her hard-working employees. Sue's previous experience includes working in Chevron's environmental department, managing regional sales for Morrow Repair Services and gaining a bachelor's degree from the University of Alabama.
Rowe Baggs
Working closely with customers to improve their businesses is Rowe's favorite part of his position as vice president of sales. He has nearly a decade of experience working in the industrial equipment field and holds a master's of engineering from the University of Alabama at Birmingham. His background in both operations and sales helps assist customers with both technical and economical decisions regarding upgrades, replacement parts and retrofits of all pump models.
Whether it's boosting equipment sales or finding creative solutions to pump challenges, Chris excels in his role as power market manager. He contributes to Morrow Repair Services through his specialized skills in the air and liquid handling industry, which he has honed by being a member of the Brownlee-Morrow team for over 28 years. On top of his experience, Chris boasts a bachelor's degree in mechanical engineering from the University of Alabama at Birmingham and is a licensed professional engineer in Alabama. In 2002, he was selected to receive the first ever Goulds Distributor Eagle Award for lifetime achievement.
Emergency Service Contact
Need help immediately? Call us at 855.534.7734 to receive help now.
Reach out to our dedicated team with any questions or comments you may have.
Morrow Repair Services
7450 Cahaba Valley Road
Brownlee Morrow
Clay-Greene
Morrow Water
Vulcan Pumps
Copyright © 2020	Morrow Repair All rights reserved.


Why More and More People Choose GFLAI LED String Lights?
Because GFLAI LED Fairy Lights Light Up Your Life.
Fairy lights, also known as firefly lights or starry lights, are among the tiniest LED lights available but shine just as bright if not brighter than most other lights. GFLAI LED Fairy Lights bring a whole new level of magic to our collection of string lights. These rice sized LED micro bulbs rest on a bendable ultra-thin metallic wire and are energy efficient and durable. Use the warm or cool white LED lights for a dazzling feature in your home, or choose from our assortment of colors and shapes for the holidays and events. Wrap our outdoor fairy lights in a tree or trellis for weddings Visit This Link. Our mini LED fairy lights bring life to wedding decor, too! Create beautiful visions in your home, wedding or holiday event with our collection of string lights!
Click to buy different type famous GFLAI LED Fairy Lights.


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* Boating Safety
* Sports
* Raleigh
America's Boating Channel Will Highlight NASBLA Videos on Smart TV
Twelve Boating Safety Videos Added to On-Demand App and Linear Channel
By: America's Boating Channel
RALEIGH, N.C. - Dec. 8, 2022 - PRLog -- America's Boating Channel™, the U.S. Coast Guard funded boating safety and boater education video service, produced by United States Power Squadrons® (USPS), has entered into an agreement with the National Association of State Boating Law Administrators (NASBLA) to include twelve NASBLA safe boating videos in America's Boating Channel's new smart TV offerings.
The announcement was made by America's Boating Channel's Vice President of Business Development, Kathy Strachan, and Taylor Matsko, National Association of State Boating Law Administrators' Communications and Marketing Director.
"NASBLA and its Operation Dry Water campaign are central to boating safety advocacy throughout the United States, and we are thrilled to expand our program line-up for both the on-demand app and continuous playing video channel with NASBLA videos and public service messages," said Kathy Strachan.
Taylor Matsko added, "NASBLA and Operation Dry Water have a variety of public service announcements that focus on the dangers and consequences of boating under the influence. Including these in America's Boating Channel's smart TV offerings will help get these messages out to a much wider audience, reminding them of these hazards. Incidents and fatalities that are a result of boating under the influence are 100% preventable, and we want to do our part to help get everybody home safely after a day out on the water."
About America's Boating Channel
America's Boating Channel™ is produced for United States Power Squadrons® (USPS) by Lafferty Media Partners (LMP) under a grant from the Sport Fish Restoration and Boating Trust Fund, administered by the U.S. Coast Guard. The service features professionally produced, high-definition, safe boating and boater education videos. America's Boating Channel has been recognized with the National Boating Industry Safety Award as the 2021 Top Marine Media Outlet, and with the 2022 International Boating and Water Safety Summit Communication Award for the top Video Public Service Announcement (PSA) Series.
https://AmericasBoatingChannel.com
About National Association of Boating Law Administrators
The National Association of State Boating Law Administrators (NASBLA) is a national nonprofit, 501(c)3 organization that works to develop public policy for recreational boating safety. NASBLA represents the recreational boating authorities of all 50 states and the U.S. territories. NASBLA offers a variety of resources, including training, model acts, education standards, publications, and more. Through a national network of thousands of professional educators, law enforcement officers and volunteers, NASBLA affects the lives of over 76 million American boaters.
https://NASBLA.org
National Association of State Boating Law Administrators
Taylor Matsko, Communications & Marketing Director
taylor.matsko@nasbla.org
Ron Jones, Public Relations Officer
***@americasboatingchannel.com
: ***@americasboatingchannel.com
: Boating Safety
: Sports
: Raleigh - North Carolina - United States
America's Boating Channel News
America's Boating Channel Will Showcase National Safe Boating Council Videos on Smart TV
America's Boating Channel Will Feature Sea Tow Foundation Videos on Smart TV
Behind the Scenes of Electronic Visual Distress Signals (EVDS)
America's Boating Channel Will Showcase Global Boat Races and Boating News on Smart TV
Behind the Scenes of NAVIGATING INLETS
Dec 08, 2022 News

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


ATELIER MUSE – Find Your Calling!
Atelier Muse is a creative initiative that implements new approaches to and with arts and culture field by carrying out interdisciplinary cross-sectoral projects. Atelier Muse adopts a global and collaborative point of view with partners sharing the same vision as being present and actively productive in life. In this respect, it aims to realize projects based on research, taking social impact and interaction as the forefront as responsible and sharing team with its partners. Focusing on contemporary dance, body-related art forms, searches for transitions and integrations of these with different disciplines and field. Cooperates with artistic field, governmental institutions, corporations and civil society for creating collaborations of productions.


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Red Wings Vs. Flyers Final: Detroit Ties NHL Record With 20th Straight Home Win 4-3
By Travis Miller@JustTMill Feb 12, 2012, 10:02pm EST
Share All sharing options for: Red Wings Vs. Flyers Final: Detroit Ties NHL Record With 20th Straight Home Win 4-3
The Detroit Red Wings are now in the record book, and on Tuesday night against the Dallas Stars they will try to set the all-time record for consecutive road wins. Sunday night's 4-3 win over the Philadelphia Flyers made sure that they tied record with their 20th consecutive victory at Joe Louis Arena. The Flyers pulled their goalie with 1:30 left in an attempt to tie, but Joey McDonald was up to the task.
Ironically, the Red Wings tied the Flyers in the 70s and the Boston Bruins in the 30s for their 20th straight win at home.
It was Johan Franzen's 22nd goal of the season just 52 seconds into the third period that proved to be the difference. Franzen also drew a critical holding penalty with 42 seconds left to negate the extra attacker advantage for Philadelphia. It was a league-leading 10th game-winning goal for Franzen.
For more on the Detroit Red Wings, check out Winging It In Motown. You can also head over to SB Nation's main NHL hub at SBNation.com/NHL.
Red Wings Vs. Flyers: Detroit Ties NHL Record With 20th Straight Home Win
Red Wings Vs. Flyers Update: Philadelphia Hanging Tough At 3-3


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A portion of the resolution reads, "Anaheim has a population that is more than fifty percent Latino, includes one of the largest Muslim populations in the country, and has a significant population of immigrants and refugees.
A May 2015 Southern California Association of Governments report stated, 'Between 2000 and 2014, the share of Hispanic population in the city increased from 46.8 percent to 55.2 percent." During the same period the non-Hispanic Asian population increased from 11.9 percent to 15.1 percent and non-Hispanic whites decreased from 35.9 percent of the population to 24.6 percent.
"Anaheim is a City of Kindness," lauds the resolution.
The Anaheim City Council does hereby reject and condemn the divisive rhetoric of presidential candidate Donald Trump as contrary to the fundamental principles of the State of California and U.S. Constitutions and as not being reflective of the City of Anaheim's guiding principles of inclusiveness and kindness.
The resolution is listed as the 19th item on the council's Tuesday agenda consent calendar.
On April 13, Anaheim City Council member Kris Murray released a statement detailing the resolution that she had called for the previous evening. Murray highlights Anaheim as the tourist destination of nearly 26 million annually. The city is home to Disneyland. Disney has come under scrutiny itself for firing American workers and forcing them to train their foreign worker replacements.
Members of the citizen group We the People Rising plan to hold a rally in support of Trump ahead of the meeting. Those demonstrators will also attend the meeting in order to urge council members to oppose the resolution.
Trump supporters are disappointed that Council Member Kris Murray not only disparaged Mr. Trump but also his supporters, stating that they are the "subject of vicious and malevolent attacks by Trump, his campaign and his supporters." At the rally and the council meeting, issues as to why the American people are supporting Mr. Trump will be key. He is self-funding his campaign, will forge new trade agreements, and will protect our national security.
It is unfortunate that a local representative is taking advantage of her elected position to grandstand her stance on the federal, presidential election. We hope to communicate our positive message in support of Mr. Trump and to influence the Anaheim City Council Members to oppose the resolution.
Philadelphia mayor Michael Nutter announced he would like to ban Trump from his city. His comments referenced Trump's call for a temporary ban on Muslims entering the United States after the Islamic terror attack in San Bernardino, California that left 14 dead.


For this shoot, I got back to using the Tamron SP AF 90mm f/2.8 Di Macro lens, very light and great lens to use! Only drawback is that the lens extends a tad too much. I had sold this lens 2 years ago, and got it back for some hand-held adventures... the result? Many more subjects!!
#1 Found the Whip Scorpion! But quite dirty as it was digging around the mud.
#2 Chased it onto a tree's exposed root.
#3 Glorious dorsal view. It has 6 legs for walking, and 2 front legs modified as sensory organs. The pedipalps are pincer-like, resembling that of a scorpion.
#4 An ant came to disturb. Maybe it started spraying because of the irritating ant!!
#7 This should be where the "vinegar" came from!!
#8 This whip-like tail is also a sensory organ. Despite the spikey look, it is not a weapon.
#11 Sac Spider (Utivarachna phyllicola). Seems very common at first glance, but the front row of eyes could tell a different story.
#14 Then again, most crab spiders do not look particularly happy!
#17 Cute little stick insect was standing beside the Whip Scorpion, but everyone ignored it. I took a record shot and it turned out to be quite a beauty!
#19 Full view of the water scorpion. It is actually a true bug and not related to scorpions at all. Name was given because of this posture which resembles scorpions.
#20 Shooting through the water, face to face with the water scorpion!
#22 Vampire Crab (Geosesarma nemesis) found running around on leaves and on the stream.
#27 The stream had tadpoles too.. looks like a smiley face???
#41 Nursery Web Spider (Pisauridae). One leg appears to be of a different colour. This is probably a regrown leg from a recent moult. Spiders can regrow lost legs from their moults, but that also means that they will not be able to regrow their legs if they had already undergone their last moult!


Fairy tales are stories of triumph and transformation and true love, all things I fervently believe in.
I have struggled all my life with my stuttering. Not to mention all my other speech impediments. I think I have every language disorder known to speech pathologists.
One of the biggest mistakes people make is to think that what you need to write a novel is imagination, creativity and a facility with words. Yes, you need all those things, but a novel is a highly complex organism that needs to be dealt with in quite a logical manner.
Stories are the common ground that allow people to connect, despite all our defences and all our differences.
As an adult, I have often been deep in serious conversation with someone I've highly respected and seen them roll an eye as my mouth has mangled yet another magnificently conceived, clumsily articulated sentence. In my mind, the words are mellifluous as honey. In my mouth, they are shards of glass.
Since the moment I could hold a pencil, I have spent nearly all day every day writing. And there is not an age group that I have not written for. You can read me from birth 'til death.
Fairytales were never really meant for children; they were meant as cautionary tales for teenagers on the verge of growing up.
You cannot write a book unless it is totally inhabiting your imagination and you are totally engrossed with it. Which is a kind word for obsession.
One reason why so little is known about the German resistance is because it was never a united movement in the way that it was in France or Poland. It was simply too dangerous.
The storyline of a fantasy novel is filled with such a sense of enchantment, beauty and strangeness; it allows the writer to explore the big ontological questions of life that would sound like a sermon in a social realist novel.


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Melveren is een kerkdorp dat deel uitmaakt van de stad Sint-Truiden in de Belgische provincie Limburg. Het gehucht ligt ten noorden van het stadscentrum aan de spoorlijn van Genk naar Landen en de N722, de oude weg van Hasselt naar Sint-Truiden.

In 1969 werd het Psychiatrisch Ziekenhuis Sancta Maria vanuit de binnenstad van Sint-Truiden verplaatst naar een campus van 19 ha te Melveren. Sinds 2011 is dit onderdeel van Psychiatrisch Ziekenhuis Asster.

Bezienswaardigheden
Bezienswaardig is de classicistische Salvator Mundikerk uit 1761. De kerk, de pastorie en het naast de kerk gelegen kasteel van Melveren met een oude kern uit de 17de eeuw vormen de kern van het gehucht.
Kasteel Menten de Horne
Kasteel van Melveren
Kasteel van Nieuwenhoven, ten noorden van Melveren
Kasteel van Terbiest, met domein

Natuur en landschap
Melveren ligt in Vochtig-Haspengouw. Door verkaveling en huizenbouw is veel van het oorspronkelijke landschap verloren gegaan. Er is echter nog veel fruitteelt aanwezig. Ten zuiden van Melveren loopt de Metsterbeek in westelijke richting. Ten noordwesten van Melveren bevindt zich het Provinciaal Domein Nieuwenhoven.

Geboren in Melveren
Godfried Coart (1512-1572), een van de martelaren van Gorcum

Nabijgelegen kernen
Kortenbos, Schurhoven, Guvelingen, Metsteren, Nieuwerkerken

Plaats in Limburg (België)
Geografie van Sint-Truiden

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Sonny has been working in the restoration industry since the 1970s. He brings his decades of experience to help support agents in the field, as well as teaching the IICRC training certification courses and writing technical manuals.
Sonny was an important part of the restoration industry's revolution in the 1990s, when agents began to incorporate scientifically valid measurements to describe their work and test that they were truly addressing and eliminating structural damage.
Sonny has owned a company with over 100 employees, been the executive director of the IICRC, and has worked for Paul Davis Restoration since 2001. He has an insider's knowledge of the many facets of business in general and restoration in particular.


Register for the Community Yard Sale!
SESNA is partnering with Capital Park Wesleyan Church to host a Community Yard Sale on May 18, 2019! All funds raised by SESNA will be dedicated to the Aldrich Park Gazebo Renovation Project. En español abajo. Here are the ways you can participate: Register to Sell!Sell your items at your place!We provide a SESNA Community … Continue reading Register for the Community Yard Sale!
Join the Neighborhood Clean-Up: April 20!
Earth Day is on a Monday this year. SESNA will be celebrating the Saturday before, April 20, with a neighborhood litter pick-up! Join us to have fun, get some fresh air, share #trashtag/#basurachallenge selfies, and meet new friends while helping make our neighborhood a little brighter! We have partnered with the City of Salem to … Continue reading Join the Neighborhood Clean-Up: April 20!
February 26 – New meeting format!
This month, we introduce SESNA's new meeting format! The first meeting of each quarter--January, April, July, and October--will follow the "standard" format: 90 minutes long, with multiple guests and a single group discussion about issues of concern to neighbors. The remaining meetings, starting with February 2019, will be project-focused. We'll start with a 30-minute business … Continue reading February 26 – New meeting format!
Happy New Year! A new year is an opportunity. We can choose to keep doing what we've always done, or try something new. Your neighborhood association is trying new things, and we hope you'll get involved! At our next public board meeting, we'll formally introduce our new meeting structure for 2019. The first meeting of … Continue reading New Year, New Us!


This is the Product Catalogue for the Long Steel Products of ArcelorMittal, South Africa. Please make your selection in the left frame.
Take note that most of these files are in the PDF format and you need to have Adobe Acrobat reader to view the information.


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Майлино — название населённых пунктов в Казахстане:

 Майлино — село в Аягозском районе Восточно-Казахстанской области.
 Майлино — село в подчинении горадминистрации Лисаковска Костанайской области, ликвидировано в 2001 году.


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CombinedResults_AOCParks Waterview 27Nov2021 2 PXAC.csv : 2021-11-27
Columns are now sortable!
Controls&nbspVisited Count: List
Dist (km)
1 Alexander Nicholson Track 34:50 OK 28: 42, 62, 55, 57, 56, 59, 65, 60, 46, 48, 64, 41, 61, 32, 33, 50, 54, 36, 35, 51, 50, 37, 40, 39, 38, 52, 41 (Extra), 54 (Extra) 5.85 5:57 01-12-2021
2 Emma Carruthers Track 35:15 OK 26: 42, 62, 55, 57, 56, 59, 65, 60, 46, 48, 64, 41, 61, 32, 33, 50, 54, 36, 35, 51, 50, 37, 40, 39, 38, 52 5.75 6:08 02-12-2021
3 Leon Nicholson Track 40:07 OK 29: 42, 62, 55, 57, 56, 59, 65, 60, 46, 48, 64, 41, 61, 32, 33, 50, 54, 36, 35, 51, 50, 37, 40, 39, 38, 52, 41 (Extra), 56 (Extra), 54 (Extra) 6.30 6:22 01-12-2021
4 Greg Bacchus Track 44:34 OK 27: 42, 62, 55, 57, 56, 59, 65, 60, 46, 48, 64, 41, 61, 32, 33, 50, 54, 36, 35, 51, 50, 37, 40, 39, 38, 52, 41 (Extra) 6.25 7:08 04-12-2021
5 Leah Nielsen Track 45:51 OK 28: 42, 62, 55, 57, 56, 59, 65, 60, 46, 48, 64, 41, 61, 32, 33, 50, 54, 36, 35, 51, 50, 37, 40, 39, 38, 52, 41 (Extra), 54 (Extra) 5.93 7:44 01-12-2021
6 Poul Nielsen Track 46:06 OK 28: 42, 62, 55, 57, 56, 59, 65, 60, 46, 48, 64, 41, 61, 32, 33, 50, 54, 36, 35, 51, 50, 37, 40, 39, 38, 52, 41, 54 5.996 7:41 01-12-2021
7 Alistair Stewart Track 47:32 OK 28: 42, 62, 55, 57, 56, 59, 65, 60, 46, 48, 64, 41, 61, 32, 33, 50, 54, 36, 35, 51, 50, 37, 40, 39, 38, 52, 41 (Extra), 54 (Extra) 5.66 8:24 30-11-2021
8 Annemarie Hogenbirk Track 49:20 OK 28: 42, 62, 55, 57, 56, 59, 65, 60, 46, 48, 64, 41, 61, 32, 33, 50, 54, 36, 35, 51, 50, 37, 40, 39, 38, 52, 41 (Extra), 54 (Extra) 5.80 8:30 30-11-2021
9 Alicia Wu Track 49:29 OK 28: 42, 62, 55, 57, 56, 59, 65, 60, 46, 48, 64, 41, 61, 32, 33, 50, 54, 36, 35, 51, 50, 37, 40, 39, 38, 52, 41 (Extra), 54 (Extra) 6.32 7:50 04-12-2021
10 Jan Jager Track 50:37 OK 33: 42, 62, 55, 57, 56, 59, 65, 60, 46, 48, 64, 41, 61, 32, 33, 50, 54, 36, 35, 51, 50, 37, 40, 39, 38, 52, 41 (Extra), 54 (Extra), 36 (Extra), 35 (Extra), 51 (Extra), 54 (Extra), 36 (Extra) 6.42 7:53 30-11-2021
11 Tony and Cameron Motion Track 51:01 OK 28: 42, 62, 55, 57, 56, 59, 65, 60, 46, 48, 64, 41, 61, 32, 33, 50, 54, 36, 35, 51, 50, 37, 40, 39, 38, 52, 41 (Extra), 54 (Extra) 6.02 8:28 28-11-2021
12 Neill McGowan Track 51:14 OK 28: 42, 62, 55, 57, 56, 59, 65, 60, 46, 48, 64, 41, 61, 32, 33, 50, 54, 36, 35, 51, 50, 37, 40, 39, 38, 52, 41 (Extra), 54 (Extra) 5.60 9:09 28-11-2021
13 Deb McGowan Track 51:18 OK 29: 42, 62, 55, 57, 56, 59, 65, 60, 46, 48, 64, 41, 61, 32, 33, 50, 54, 36, 35, 51, 50, 37, 40, 39, 38, 52, 41 (Extra), 51 (Extra), 54 (Extra) 5.85 8:46 29-11-2021
14 Colleen Thornton Track 52:16 OK 28: 42, 62, 55, 57, 56, 59, 65, 60, 46, 48, 64, 41, 61, 32, 33, 50, 54, 36, 35, 51, 50, 37, 40, 39, 38, 52, 41 (Extra), 54 (Extra) 6.06 8:38 01-12-2021
15 Anna Sephton Track 52:16 OK 28: 42, 62, 55, 57, 56, 59, 65, 60, 46, 48, 64, 41, 61, 32, 33, 50, 54, 36, 35, 51, 50, 37, 40, 39, 38, 52, 41, 54 6.494 8:03 01-12-2021
16 Edgie Edge Track 55:19 OK 28: 42, 62, 55, 57, 56, 59, 65, 60, 46, 48, 64, 41, 61, 32, 33, 50, 54, 36, 35, 51, 50, 37, 40, 39, 38, 52, 41 (Extra), 54 (Extra) 5.88 9:24 30-11-2021
17 Jasmine Zhang Track 55:21 OK 27: 42, 62, 55, 57, 56, 59, 65, 60, 46, 48, 64, 41, 61, 32, 33, 50, 54, 36, 35, 51, 50, 37, 40, 39, 38, 52, 36 5.89 9:24 04-12-2021
18 Kate Blackett Track 1:00:14 OK 29: 42, 62, 55, 57, 56, 59, 65, 60, 46, 48, 64, 41, 61, 32, 33, 50, 54, 36, 35, 51, 50, 37, 40, 39, 38, 52, 41 (Extra), 56 (Extra), 54 (Extra) 6.10 9:52 30-11-2021
19 Shane Blackett Track 1:02:10 OK 27: 42, 62, 55, 57, 56, 59, 65, 60, 46, 48, 64, 41, 61, 32, 33, 50, 54, 36, 35, 51, 50, 37, 40, 39, 38, 52, 41 (Extra) 5.73 10:51 30-11-2021
20 Andy Devlin Track 1:03:49 OK 29: 42, 62, 55, 57, 56, 59, 65, 60, 46, 48, 64, 41, 61, 32, 33, 50, 54, 36, 35, 51, 50, 37, 40, 39, 38, 52, 41 (Extra), 55 (Extra), 36 (Extra) 7.12 8:58 02-12-2021
21 Rainbow Morris Track 1:03:56 OK 28: 42, 62, 55, 57, 56, 59, 65, 60, 46, 48, 64, 41, 61, 32, 33, 50, 54, 36, 35, 51, 50, 37, 40, 39, 38, 52, 41 (Extra), 36 (Extra) 6.58 9:43 02-12-2021
22 Catherine Motion Track 1:05:16 OK 27: 42, 62, 55, 57, 56, 59, 65, 60, 46, 48, 64, 41, 61, 32, 33, 50, 54, 36, 35, 51, 50, 37, 40, 39, 38, 52, 54 5.98 10:55 28-11-2021
23 Renee Motion Track 1:05:32 OK 27: 42, 62, 55, 57, 56, 59, 65, 60, 46, 48, 64, 41, 61, 32, 33, 50, 54, 36, 35, 51, 50, 37, 40, 39, 38, 52, 54 (Extra) 6.02 10:53 28-11-2021
24 Vicki Harris Track 1:11:14 OK 28: 42, 62, 55, 57, 56, 59, 65, 60, 46, 48, 64, 41, 61, 32, 33, 50, 54, 36, 35, 51, 50, 37, 40, 39, 38, 52, 54 (Extra), 54 (Extra) 6.17 11:33 05-12-2021
25 Jason Roberts Track 1:11:18 OK 28: 42, 62, 55, 57, 56, 59, 65, 60, 46, 48, 64, 41, 61, 32, 33, 50, 54, 36, 35, 51, 50, 37, 40, 39, 38, 52, 54 (Extra), 54 (Extra) 5.99 11:54 05-12-2021
-- Garry Dean Mtbo Track Did Not Finish 27: 42, 62, 55, 57, 56, 59, 65, 60, 46, 48, 64, 41, 61, 32, 33, 50, 54, 36, 35, 51, 50, 37, 40, 39, 38, 52, 41 (Extra) 6.00 0:00 01-12-2021
-- Monique Dean Track 50:27 MisPunch 31: 42, 62, 55, 57, 56, 59, 65, 60, 46, 48, 64, 41, 61, 32, 33, 50, 54, 35, 51, 50, 37, 40, 39, 38, 52, 41 (Extra), 57 (Extra), 51 (Extra), 54 (Extra), 50 (Extra), 54 (Extra) 5.96 8:28 01-12-2021
-- Kathleen Edge Track 55:22 MisPunch 26: 42, 62, 55, 57, 56, 59, 65, 46, 48, 64, 41, 61, 32, 33, 50, 54, 36, 35, 51, 50, 37, 40, 39, 38, 52, 54 (Extra) 5.93 9:20 30-11-2021


Motto: "Samoa, Let God Be First"
American Samoa (/-səˈmoʊ.ə, -sɑː-/ ( listen); Samoan: Amerika Sāmoa, [aˈmɛɾika ˈsaːmʊa]; also Amelika Sāmoa or Sāmoa Amelika) is an unincorporated territory of the United States located in the South Pacific Ocean, southeast of Samoa. Its location is centered around 14.2710° S, 170.1322° W. It is on the eastern border of the International Date Line, while independent Samoa is west of it.
American Samoa consists of five main islands and two coral atolls. The largest and most populous island is Tutuila, with the Manuʻa Islands, Rose Atoll, and Swains Island also included in the territory. All islands except for Swains Island are part of the Samoan Islands, located west of the Cook Islands, north of Tonga, and some 300 miles (500 km) south of Tokelau. To the west are the islands of the Wallis and Futuna group.
As of April 2019 the population of American Samoa is approximately 55,689 people. Most of them are "nationals but not citizens of the United States at birth". Most American Samoans are bilingual and can speak English and Samoan fluently. Samoan is the same language spoken in neighboring independent Samoa.
The total land area is 199 square kilometers (76.8 sq mi), slightly more than Washington, D.C. American Samoa is the southernmost territory of the United States and one of two U.S. territories south of the Equator, along with the uninhabited Jarvis Island. Tuna products are the main exports, and the main trading partner is the United States.
American Samoa has been a member of the Pacific Community since 1983.
During the 1918 flu pandemic, Governor John Martin Poyer quarantined the territory, and because of his actions, American Samoa was one of the few places in the world where no flu-related deaths occurred.
American Samoa is noted for having the highest rate of military enlistment of any U.S. state or territory. As of September 9, 2014, the local U.S. Army recruiting station in Pago Pago was ranked first in production out of the 885 Army recruiting stations and centers under the United States Army Recruiting Command, which includes the 50 states, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, Guam, the U.S. Virgin Islands, the Commonwealth of Northern Mariana Islands, the Federated States of Micronesia, Palau, the Marshall Islands, South Korea, Japan, and Europe.
Contact with Europeans began in the early 18th century. Dutchman Jacob Roggeveen was the first known European to sight the Samoan Islands in 1722, calling them the "Baumann Islands" after one of his captains. This visit was followed by French explorer Louis-Antoine de Bougainville who named them the "Îles des Navigateurs" in 1768. British explorer James Cook recorded the island names in 1773, but never visited.
The 1789 visit by La Perouse ended in an attack and resulted in the death of his second in command Capt. de Langle and several of his crew on a Tutuila water collection expedition. La Perouse named the island "Massacre Island", and the bay near Aasu is still called "Massacre Bay".
H.M.S. Pandora, under the command of Edwards, visited the island in 1791 during its search for the H.M.S. Bounty mutineers. Von Kotzebue visited in 1824.
The US Exploring Expedition visited in 1839.
In March 1889, an Imperial German naval force entered a village on Samoa, and in doing so destroyed some American property. Three American warships then entered the Apia harbor and prepared to engage the three German warships found there. Before any shots were fired, a typhoon wrecked both the American and German ships. A compulsory armistice was then called because of the lack of any warships.
At the turn of the twentieth century, international rivalries in the latter half of the century were settled by the 1899 Tripartite Convention in which Germany and the United States partitioned the Samoan Islands into two parts: The eastern island group became a territory of the United States (the Tutuila Islands in 1900 and officially Manu'a in 1904) and is today known as American Samoa; the western islands, by far the greater landmass, became known as German Samoa, after Britain gave up all claims to Samoa and in return accepted the termination of German rights in Tonga and certain areas in the Solomon Islands and West Africa. Forerunners to the Tripartite Convention of 1899 were the Washington Conference of 1887, the Treaty of Berlin of 1889 and the Anglo-German Agreement on Samoa of 1899.
The following year, the U.S. formally annexed its portion, a smaller group of eastern islands, one of which contains the noted harbor of Pago Pago. After the United States Navy took possession of eastern Samoa for the United States government, the existing coaling station at Pago Pago Bay was expanded into a full naval station, known as United States Naval Station Tutuila and commanded by a commandant. The Navy secured a Deed of Cession of Tutuila in 1900 and a Deed of Cession of Manuʻa in 1904 on behalf of the US government. The last sovereign of Manuʻa, the Tui Manuʻa Elisala, signed a Deed of Cession of Manuʻa following a series of U.S. naval trials, known as the "Trial of the Ipu", in Pago Pago, Taʻu, and aboard a Pacific Squadron gunboat. The territory became known as the U.S. Naval Station Tutuila.
On July 17, 1911, the US Naval Station Tutuila, which was composed of Tutuila, Aunu'u and Manu'a, was officially renamed American Samoa.
In 1918, during the final stages of World War I, the flu pandemic had taken its toll, spreading rapidly from country to country. American Samoa became one of only three places in the world (the others being New Caledonia and Marajó island in Brazil) to have prevented any deaths during the pandemic through the quick response from Governor John Martin Poyer after hearing news reports of the outbreak on the radio and requesting quarantine ships from the U.S. mainland. The result of Poyer's quick actions earned him the Navy Cross from the U.S. Navy. With this distinction, American Samoans regarded Poyer as their hero for what he had done to prevent the deadly disease. The neighboring New Zealand territory at the time, Western Samoa, suffered the most of all Pacific islands, with 90% of the population infected; 30% of adult men, 22% of adult women and 10% of children died. Poyer offered assistance to help his New Zealand counterparts, but was refused by the administrator of Western Samoa, Robert Logan, who became outraged after witnessing the number of quarantine ships surrounding American Samoa. Angered by this, Logan had cut off communications with his American counterparts.
After World War I, during the time of the Mau movement in Western Samoa (then a League of Nations mandate governed by New Zealand), there was a corresponding American Samoa Mau movement led by Samuelu Ripley, a World War I veteran who was from Leone village, Tutuila. After meetings in the United States mainland, he was prevented from disembarking from the ship that brought him home to American Samoa and was not allowed to return because the American Samoa Mau movement was suppressed by the U.S Navy. In 1930, the U.S. Congress sent a committee to investigate the status of American Samoa, led by Americans who had a part in the overthrow of the Kingdom of Hawaii.
Swains Island, which had been included in the list of guano islands appertaining to the United States and bonded under the Guano Islands Act, was annexed in 1925 by Pub. Res. 68–75.
During World War II, U.S. Marines stationed in Samoa outnumbered the local population and had a huge cultural influence. Young Samoan men from age 14 and above were combat trained by U.S. military personnel. Samoans served in various capacities during World War II, including as combatants, medical personnel, code personnel, and ship repairmen.
In 1949, Organic Act 4500, a U.S. Department of Interior–sponsored attempt to incorporate American Samoa, was introduced in Congress. It was ultimately defeated, primarily through the efforts of Samoan chiefs, led by Tuiasosopo Mariota. The efforts of these chiefs led to the creation of a territorial legislature, the American Samoa Fono, which meets in the village of Fagatogo.
By 1956, the U.S. Navy–appointed governor was replaced by Peter Tali Coleman, who was locally elected. Although technically considered "unorganized" since the U.S. Congress has not passed an Organic Act for the territory, American Samoa is self-governing under a constitution that became effective on July 1, 1967. The U.S. Territory of American Samoa is on the United Nations list of Non-Self-Governing Territories, a listing which is disputed by the territorial government officials, who do consider themselves to be self-governing.
While the two Samoas share language and ethnicity, their cultures have recently followed different paths, with American Samoans often emigrating to Hawaiʻi and the US mainland, and adopting many US customs, such as the playing of American football and baseball. Samoans have tended to emigrate instead to New Zealand, whose influence has made the sports of rugby and cricket more popular in the western Samoan islands. Travel writer Paul Theroux noted that there were marked differences between the societies in Samoa and American Samoa.
Because of economic hardship, military service has been seen as an opportunity in American Samoa and other US Overseas territories. This has meant that there has been a disproportionate number of casualties per population compared to other parts of the United States. As of March 23, 2009, ten American Samoans had died in Iraq, and two had died in Afghanistan.
On December 10, 1787, French navigator Jean-François de Galaup, comte de Lapérouse landed two exploration parties on Tutuila's north shore: one from the ship La Boussole at Fagasa, and the other from L'Astrolabe at A'asu. One of the cooks, David, died of "scorbutic dropsy". On December 11, twelve members of Lapérouse's crew (including First Officer Paul Antoine Fleuriot de Langle) were killed by angry Samoans at A'asu Bay, Tutuila, thereafter known as "Massacre Bay", which Lapérouse described as "this den, more fearful from its treacherous situation and the cruelty of its inhabitants than the lair of a lion or a tiger". This incident gave Samoa a reputation for savagery that kept Europeans away until the arrival of the first Christian missionaries four decades later. On December 12, at A'asu Bay, Lapérouse ordered his gunners to fire one cannonball in the midst of the attackers who had killed his men the day before, and were now returning to launch another attack. He later wrote in his journal "I could have destroyed or sunk a hundred canoes, with more than 500 people in them: but I was afraid of striking the wrong victims; the call of my conscience saved their lives."
On December 15, 1916, English writer William Somerset Maugham arrived in Pago Pago, allegedly accompanied by a missionary and Miss Sadie Thompson. His visit inspired his short story "Rain" which later became plays and three major Motion Pictures. The building still stands where Maugham stayed and has been renamed the Sadie Thompson Building. Today it is a prominent restaurant and inn.
On November 3, 1920, American Samoa's 12th naval governor, Commander Warren Jay Terhune, committed suicide with a pistol in the bathroom of the government mansion, overlooking the entrance to Pago Pago Harbor. His body was discovered by Government House's cook, SDI[clarification needed] First Class Felisiano Debid Ahchica, USN. His ghost is rumored to walk about the grounds at night.
On August 11, 1925, Margaret Mead arrived in American Samoa aboard the SS Sonoma to begin fieldwork for her doctoral dissertation in anthropology at Columbia University, where she was a student of Professor Franz Boas. Her work Coming of Age in Samoa was published in 1928, at the time becoming the most widely read book in the field of anthropology. The book has sparked years of ongoing and intense debate and controversy. Mead returned to American Samoa in 1971 for the dedication of the Jean P. Haydon Museum.
On November 24, 1939, American Samoa's last execution was carried out. Imoa was convicted of stabbing Sema to death and was hanged in the Customs House. The popular Samoan song "Fa'afofoga Samoa" is based on this, said to be the final words of Imoa.
On January 11, 1942, at 2:26 a.m., a Japanese submarine surfaced off Tutuila between Southworth Point and Fagasa Bay and fired about 15 shells from its 5.5-inch deck gun at the U.S. Naval Station Tutuila over the next 10 minutes. The first shell struck the rear of Frank Shimasaki's store, ironically owned by one of Tutuila's few Japanese residents. The store was closed, as Mr. Shimasaki had been interned as an enemy alien. The next shell caused slight damage to the naval dispensary, the third landed on the lawn behind the naval quarters known as "Centipede Row," and the fourth struck the stone seawall outside the customs house. The other rounds fell harmlessly into the harbor. As one writer described it, "The fire was not returned, notwithstanding the eagerness of the Samoan Marines to test their skill against the enemy ... No American or Samoan Marines were wounded." Commander Edwin B. Robinson was bicycling behind Centipede Row and was wounded in the knee by a piece of shrapnel, and "a member of the colorful native Fita Fita Guard" received minor injuries; they were the only casualties. This was the only time the Japanese attacked Tutuila during World War II, although "Japanese submarines had patrolled the waters around Samoa before the war, and continued to be active there throughout the war."
On August 24, 1943, First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt visited American Samoa and inspected the Fita Fita Guard and Band and the First Samoan Battalion of U.S. Marine Corps Reserve at the U.S. Naval Station American Samoa.
On October 18, 1966, President Lyndon Baines Johnson and First Lady Lady Bird Johnson visited American Samoa. Mrs. Johnson dedicated the "Manulele Tausala" ("Lady Bird") Elementary School in Nu'uuli, which was named after her. Johnson is the only US President to have visited American Samoa, while Mrs. Johnson was the second First Lady, preceded by Eleanor Roosevelt in 1943. The territory's only hospital was renamed in honor of President Johnson - LBJ Tropical Medical Center.
In the late 1960s and early 1970s, American Samoa played a pivotal role in five of the Apollo Program missions. The astronauts landed several hundred miles from Pago and were transported to the islands en route back to the mainland. President Richard Nixon gave three moon rocks to the American Samoan government, and these are on display in the Jean P. Haydon Museum, along with a flag carried to the moon on one of the missions.
In November 1970, Pope Paul VI visited American Samoa in a brief but lavish greeting.
On January 30, 1974, Pan Am Flight 806 from Auckland, New Zealand crashed at Pago Pago International Airport at 10:41 p.m., with 91 passengers aboard. 86 people were killed, including Captain Leroy A. Petersen and the entire flight crew. Four of the five surviving passengers were seriously injured, with the other only slightly injured. The airliner was completely destroyed by the impact and succeeding fire. The crash was attributed to poor visibility, pilot error, or wind shear, since a violent storm was raging at the time. In January 2014, filmmaker Paul Crompton visited the territory to interview local residents for a documentary film about the 1974 crash.
A U.S. Navy P-3 Orion patrol plane from Patrol Squadron 50 (VP-50) had its vertical stabilizer shorn off by the Solo Ridge-Mount Alava aerial tramway cable across Pago Pago harbor on April 17, 1980 during the Flag Day celebrations, when carrying six skydivers from the U.S. Army's Hawaii-based Tropic Lightning Parachute Club. The plane crashed, demolishing a wing of the Rainmaker Hotel and killing all six crew members and one civilian. The six skydivers had already left the aircraft during a demonstration jump. A memorial monument is erected on Mt. Mauga O Ali'i to honor their memory.
On July 22, 2010, Det. Lt. Lusila Brown was fatally shot outside the temporary High Court building in Fagatogo. It was the first time in more than 15 years that a police officer was killed in the line of duty. The last was Sa Fuimaono, who drowned after saving a teenager from rough seas.
On November 8, 2010, United States Secretary of State and former First Lady Hillary Clinton made a refueling stopover at the Pago Pago International Airport. She was greeted by government dignitaries and presented with gifts and a traditional ava ceremony.
On September 29, 2009, at 17:48:11 UTC, an 8.1 magnitude earthquake struck 120 miles (190 km) off the coast of American Samoa, followed by smaller aftershocks. It was the largest earthquake of 2009. The quake occurred on the outer rise of the Kermadec-Tonga Subduction Zone. This is part of the Pacific Ring of Fire, where tectonic plates in the Earth's lithosphere meet and earthquakes and volcanic activity are common. The quake struck 11.2 miles (18.0 km) below the ocean floor and generated an onsetting tsunami that killed more than 170 people in the Samoa Islands and Tonga. Four waves with heights from 15 feet (4.6 m) to 20 feet (6.1 m) high were reported to have reached up to one mile (1.6 km) inland on the island of Tutuila.
The Defense Logistics Agency worked with the Federal Emergency Management Agency to provide 16' × 16' humanitarian tents to the devastated areas of American Samoa.
The government of American Samoa is defined under the Constitution of American Samoa as an unincorporated territory; the Ratification Act of 1929 vested all civil, judicial, and military powers in the President of the United States of America. In 1951, with Executive Order 10264, President Harry Truman delegated that authority to the Secretary of the Interior. On June 21, 1963 Paramount Chief Tuli Le'iato of Faga'itua was sworn in and installed as the first Secretary of Samoan Affairs by Governor H. Rex Lee. On June 2, 1967, Interior Secretary Fred Andrew Seaton promulgated the Constitution of American Samoa, which took effect on July 1, 1967.
The Governor of American Samoa is the head of government and along with the Lieutenant Governor of American Samoa is elected on the same ticket by popular vote for four-year terms. Since American Samoa is a self-governing territory, the President of the United States serves as the Head of State. He does not play an active role in government, but he can dissolve the Fono and no act of parliament will become law without his approval.
The legislative power is vested in the American Samoa Fono, which has two chambers. The House of Representatives has 21 members, elected for a two-year term, 20 in single-seat constituencies and one by a public meeting on Swains Island. The Senate also has 18 members, elected for a four-year term by and from the chiefs of the islands.
Politics of American Samoa takes place in a framework of a presidential representative democratic dependency, whereby the Governor is the head of government, and of a pluriform multi-party system. American Samoa is an unincorporated and unorganized territory of the United States, administered by the Office of Insular Affairs, U.S. Department of the Interior. In 1966, the United Nations gave American Samoa the option of joining the independent country of Samoa, but American Samoa chose to stay in the United States. American Samoa's constitution was ratified in 1966 and came into effect in 1967. Executive power is exercised by the governor. Legislative power is vested in the two chambers of the legislature. The American political parties (Republican and Democratic) exist in American Samoa, but few politicians are aligned with the parties. The judiciary is independent of the executive and the legislature.
In 2010, voters rejected a package of amendments to the territorial constitution, which would have, among other things, allowed U.S. citizens to be legislators only if they had Samoan ancestry.
According to the Immigration and Nationality Act (INA), the people born in American Samoa – including those born on Swains Island – are "nationals but not citizens of the United States at birth". If a child is born on any of these islands to any U.S. citizen, then that child is considered a national and a citizen of the United States at birth. In an amicus curiae brief filed in federal court, Samoan Congressman Faleomavaega supported the legal interpretation that the Citizenship Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment does not extend birthright citizenship to United States nationals born in unincorporated territories. All U.S. nationals have statutory rights to reside in the United States (i.e., the 50 states and Puerto Rico), and may apply for citizenship by naturalization after three months of residency by passing a test in English and civics, and by taking an oath of allegiance to the United States. However, the INA makes clear that any "national but not a citizen of the United States" who at any time has been convicted of any aggravated felony, whether the aggravated felony was committed inside or outside the United States, is "debarred from becoming a citizen of the United States".
Under Article II and Amendment XXIII of the U.S. Constitution, only states and the District of Columbia may participate in the election of the president and vice president of the United States. Samoans are entitled to elect one non-voting delegate to the United States House of Representatives. Their delegate from 1989 until 2015 was Democrat Eni Faleomavaega. In the 2014 Midterm Election, Republican Aumua Amata Radewagen defeated Eni Faleomavaega, becoming the first female and first Republican representative of American Samoa. They also send delegates to the Democratic and Republican National Conventions.
Unique among US outlying possessions, American Samoa has its own immigration law, separate from the laws that apply in the United States proper and their other possessions. While American citizens and nationals can freely move to American Samoa, the American Samoa government, via the Immigration Board of American Samoa, controls the migration of aliens to the islands. Special application forms exist for migration to American Samoa based on family-based or employment-based sponsorship.
Unlike other U.S. territories (Guam, CNMI, Puerto Rico, U.S. Virgin Islands), American Samoa is not considered a U.S. State for the purposes of the U.S. Immigration and Nationality Act. This means that alien lawful permanent residents of the United States may be considered to have abandoned permanent residence if they have moved to live in American Samoa.
American Samoa is administratively divided into three districts—Eastern District, Western District, and Manu'a District—and two "unorganized" atolls, Swains Island and the uninhabited Rose Atoll. The districts and unorganized atolls are subdivided into 74 villages. Pago Pago—the capital of American Samoa—is one of the largest villages and is located on the eastern side of Tutuila island in Ma'oputasi County. Fagatogo is listed in the Constitution of American Samoa as the official seat of government, but it is not the capital.
American Samoa, located within the geographical region of Oceania, is one of only two possessions of the United States in the Southern Hemisphere, the other being Jarvis Island. Its total land area is 76.1 square miles (197.1 km2) – slightly larger than Washington, D.C. – consisting of five rugged, volcanic islands and two coral atolls. The five volcanic islands are Tutuila, Aunu'u, Ofu, Olosega, and Ta'ū. The coral atolls are Swains and Rose Atoll. Of the seven islands, Rose Atoll is the only uninhabited one; it is a Marine National Monument.
Due to its positioning in the South Pacific Ocean, it is frequently hit by tropical cyclones between November and April. Rose Atoll is the easternmost point of the territory. American Samoa's Rose Atoll is the southernmost point of the United States. American Samoa is home to the National Park of American Samoa.
The Vailulu'u Seamount, an active submerged volcano, lies 28 miles (45 km) east of Ta'ū in American Samoa. It was discovered in 1975 and has since been studied by an international team of scientists, contributing towards understanding of the Earth's fundamental processes. Growing inside the summit crater of Va'ilulu'u is an active underwater volcanic cone, named after Samoa's goddess of war, Nafanua.
American Samoa has a tropical climate all year round with two distinct seasons, the wet and dry season. The wet season is usually between December and March and the dry season from April through to September with the average daily temperature around 81–83 °F (27–28 °C) all year round.
There are only a few federal employees in American Samoa and a few active duty military personnel, except members of the U.S. Coast Guard, military recruiters, and some Full Time Support staff at the Pele Army Reserve unit that maintains the facility and provides cadre, training, and logistics support. The Pele US Army Reserve Center, is in Tafuna, Western District, and a U.S. Army and United States Marine Corps recruiting station is in Nu'uuli, American Samoa.
The Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 has contained special provisions for American Samoa since its inception, citing its limited economy. American Samoan wages are based on the recommendations of a Special Industry Committee meeting bi-annually. Originally, the act contained provisions for other territories, provisions which were phased out as those territories developed more diverse economies.
In 2007, the Fair Minimum Wage Act of 2007 was passed, increasing minimum wage in American Samoa by 50¢ per hour in 2007 and another 50¢ per hour each year thereafter until the minimum wage in American Samoa equals the federal minimum wage of $7.25 per hour in the United States. In response to the minimum wage increase, the Chicken of the Sea tuna canning plant was shut down in 2009 and 2,041 employees were laid off in the process. The other major tuna canning plant in American Samoa is StarKist, which began laying off workers in August 2010, with plans to lay off a total of 800 workers due to the minimum wage increases and other rising operation costs. American Samoa Governor Togiola Tulafono suggested that, rather than laying off minimum wage workers, the companies could reduce salaries and bonuses of top-tier employees.
The unemployment rate was 29.8% in 2005, but has been improved to 23.8% as of 2010[update]. Samoa GDP is $537 million and its GDP per capita (PPP) is $8,000 as of 2007[update].
Some aspects of telecommunications in American Samoa are, like other U.S. territories, inferior to that of the mainland United States; a recent estimate showed that American Samoa's Internet speed is slower than that of several Eastern European countries.
American Samoa has 241 km of highways (estimated in 2008). The maximum speed limit is 30 miles per hour. Ports and harbors include Aunu'u, Auasi, Faleāsao, Ofu and Pago Pago. American Samoa has no railways. The territory has three airports, all of which have paved runways. The main airport is Pago Pago International Airport, on the island of Tutuila. The Manu'a group has two airports: Ofu Airport on the island of Ofu, and Fitiuta Airport on the island of Ta'u. According to a 1999 estimate, the territory has no merchant marine.
The current population of American Samoa is about 55,689 people, 98% of whom live on the largest island, Tutuila. Most of them all "nationals but not citizens of the United States at birth," while 7–15% are U.S. citizens and about 35% are foreigners. Of the foreign-born population, 81% are from Samoa.
American Samoa is small enough to have just one ZIP code, 96799, and uses the US Postal Service (state code "AS") for mail delivery.
Of the population, 91.6 percent are native Samoans, 2.8% are Asian, 1% is white, 4.2% are mixed, and 0.3% are of other origin. Most people are bilingual. Samoan, a language closely related to Hawaiian and other Polynesian languages, is spoken natively by 91% of the people and is the co-official language of the territory, while 80% speak English, 2.4% speak Tongan, 2% speak Japanese and other Asian languages, and 2% speak other Pacific islander languages. At least some of the deaf population use Samoan Sign Language. Tokelauan is also spoken in Swains Island.
Major Christian denominations on the island include the Congregational Christian Church in American Samoa, the Roman Catholic Church, the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints and the Methodist Church of Samoa. Collectively, these churches account for the vast majority of the population.
J. Gordon Elton in his book claims that the Methodists, Congregationalists with the London Missionary Society, and Roman Catholics led the first Christian missions to the islands. Other denominations arrived later, beginning in 1895 with the Seventh-day Adventists, various Pentecostals (including the Assemblies of God), Church of the Nazarene, Jehovah's Witnesses and Latter-Day Saints.
CIA Factbook 2010 estimate shows the religious affiliations of American Samoa as 98.3% Christian, other 1%, unaffiliated 0.7%. World Christian Database 2010 estimate shows the religious affiliations of American Samoa as 98.3% Christian, 0.7% agnostic, 0.4% Chinese Universalist, 0.3% Buddhist and 0.3% Bahá'í.
According to Pew Research Center, 98.3% of the total population is Christian. Among Christians, 59.5% are Protestant, 19.7% are Roman Catholic and 19.2% are other Christians. A major Protestant church on the island, gathering a substantial part of the local Protestant population, is the Congregational Christian Church in American Samoa, a Reformed denomination in the Congregationalist tradition. As of August 2017[update], The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints website claims membership of 16,180 or one-quarter of the whole population, with 41 congregations, and 4 family history centers in American Samoa. Jehovah's Witnesses claim 210 "ministers of the word" and 3 congregations.
The island contains 23 primary schools and 10 secondary schools, 5 are operated by the American Samoa Department of Education, and the other 5 are administered by either religious denominations or are privately owned. American Samoa Community College, founded in 1970, provides post-secondary education on the islands.
The ethnic culture of American Samoa is almost the same as the ethnic culture of Western Samoa (Upolu and Savaii). Aside from the territory's relationship with America and consequent cultural influence, there is little that differentiates it from the sovereign nation of Samoa.
The main sports played in American Samoa are Samoan cricket, baseball, basketball, soccer, and American football. Rugby is also played and, in Samoan villages, volleyball is popular.
About 30 ethnic Samoans, all from American Samoa, currently play in the National Football League, and more than 200 play NCAA Division I college football. In recent years, it has been estimated that a Samoan male (either an American Samoan, or a Samoan living in the mainland United States) is anywhere from 40 to 56 times more likely to play in the NFL than a non-Samoan American, giving American Samoa the nickname "Football Islands". Six-time All-Pro Junior Seau was one of the most famous Americans of Samoan heritage ever to play in the NFL, having been elected to the NFL 1990s All-Decade Team and Pro Football Hall of Fame. Pittsburgh Steelers safety Troy Polamalu, though born and raised in the mainland United States, is another famous American of Samoan heritage to have played in the NFL, not having his hair cut since 2000 (and only because a USC coach told him he had to) and wearing it down during games in honor of his heritage. The football culture was featured on 60 Minutes on January 17, 2010.
American Samoa's delegation to the 2016 Republican National Convention boasted about being "the greatest exporter of NFL players".
The American Samoa national association football team is one of the newest teams in the world, and is also noted for being the world's weakest. They lost to Australia 31–0 in a FIFA World Cup qualifying match on April 11, 2001, but on November 22, 2011 they finally won their first ever game, beating Tonga 2–1 in a FIFA World Cup qualifier. The appearance of American Samoa's Jaiyah Saelua in the contest "apparently became the first transgender player to compete on a World Cup stage".
A number of American Samoan athletes have been very visible in professional wrestling. The Anoa'i family in particular has had many of its members employed by WWE.
The American Samoa national rugby league team represents the country in international rugby league. The team competed in the 1988, 1992, 1998 and 2004 Pacific Cup competitions. The team has also competed in the 2003 and 2004 World Sevens qualifiers in the 2005 World Sevens. America Samoa's first match in international Rugby League was in 1988 pacific cup against Tonga, Tonga won the match 38–14 which is still the biggest loss by an American Samoan side. American Samoa's biggest win was in 2004 against New Caledonia with the score ending at 62–6.
There is also a new movement which aims to set up a four-team domestic competition in American Samoa.
Rugby union is a growing sport in American Samoa. The first rugby game recorded in American Samoa was in 1924, since then the development of the game had been heavily overshadowed by the influence of American Football during the 1970s. The highest governing body of rugby in American Samoa is the American Samoa Rugby Union which was founded in 1990 and was not affiliated into the IRB until 2012. Internationally, two American Samoans have played for the New Zealand national rugby union team, known as the All Blacks. Frank Solomon (born in Pago Pago) became the first American national of Samoan descent to play for a New Zealand team. Considered a pacific pioneer in New Zealand rugby, Solomon scored a try against Australia in the inaugural Bledisloe Cup match in 1932, which New Zealand won 21–13.
The second American Samoan to play for the All Blacks is Jerome Kaino (born in Faga'alu). A native of Leone, Kaino moved to New Zealand when he was 4 years old. In 2004, at age 21, he played his first match for New Zealand against the Barbarians where he scored his first try, contributing to New Zealand's 47–19 victory that resulted in him becoming man of the match. He also played a crucial role in the Rugby World Cup 2011 playing every match in the tournament. He scored four tries in the event which led to New Zealand winning the final against France 8–7. Kaino was also a key member of the 2015 Rugby World Cup squad, where he played every match including a try he scored in the quarterfinals against France which New Zealand won 62–13. He scored again in the semifinals against South Africa, which New Zealand won 20–18. He played in the World Cup final against Australia where New Zealand won again 34–17 to become world champions for a record 3 times (1987, 2011 and 2015). Kaino is one of twenty New Zealand rugby players to have won the Rugby World Cup twice, back to back in 2011 and 2015. In August 2015, the American Samoa Rugby Union Board selected Leota Toma Patu from the village of Leone as the coach for the Talavalu 15 men's team that represented American Samoa at the Ocean Cup 2015 in Papua New Guinea.
Some Samoan Sumo wrestlers, most famously Musashimaru and Konishiki, have reached the highest ranks of ōzeki and yokozuna.
^ a b c "American Samoa Population (live) - Worldometers". www.worldometers.info.
^ "American Samoa GDP – per capita (PPP) – Economy". www.indexmundi.com.
^ a b c d e Mendoza, Moises (October 11, 2014). "How a weird law gives one group American nationality but not citizenship". Public Radio International (PRI). Retrieved October 1, 2018. Those nationals — born on the 55,000-person US island territory in the South Pacific — receive US passports, can serve in the military and work and live on the mainland United States.
^ a b c d e "U.S. nationals born in American Samoa sue for citizenship". Associated Press. NBC News. March 28, 2018. Retrieved 2018-10-01.
^ a b c 8 U.S.C. § 1408; Tuaua v. United States, 788 F.3d 300 (D.C. Cir. 2015); Mohammadi v. Islamic Republic of Iran, 782 F.3d 9, 15 (D.C. Cir. 2015) ("The sole such statutory provision that presently confers United States nationality upon non-citizens is 8 U.S.C. § 1408."); Matter of Navas-Acosta, 23 I&N Dec. 586 (BIA 2003) (same); see also 8 U.S.C. § 1483 ("Restrictions on loss of nationality"); 8 U.S.C. §§ 1501–1503; 8 U.S.C. § 1252(b)(5) ("Treatment of nationality claims").
^ "Local US Army recruiting station ranked #1 in the world – Samoa News". Archived from the original on April 2, 2015. Retrieved March 10, 2015.
^ a b c Keating, Barbara (1992). Keating, Barbara; Bolton, Barrie (eds.). The Geology of the Samoan Islands, in Geology and Offshore Mineral Resources of the Central Pacific Basin, Circum-Pacific Council for Energy and Mineral Resources Earth Science Series, Vol. 14. Springer-Verlag. pp. 128–129. ISBN 0387977716.
^ Watson, R.M. (1919). History of Samoa: The Advent of the Missionary. (1830.1839). Chapter III. Archived from the original on May 3, 2011.
^ Stanton, William (1975). The Great United States Exploring Expedition. Berkeley: University of California Press. pp. 132–133. ISBN 0520025571.
^ Ryden, George Herbert. The Foreign Policy of the United States in Relation to Samoa. New York: Octagon Books, 1975. (Reprint by special arrangement with Yale University Press. Originally published at New Haven: Yale University Press, 1928), p. 574. The Tripartite Convention (United States, Germany, Great Britain) was signed at Washington on December 2, 1899 with ratifications exchanged on February 16, 1900.
^ "American Samoa". www.doi.gov. June 11, 2015. Retrieved December 31, 2018.
^ Joanne Barker (2005). "Passive Resistance of Samoans to US and Other Colonialisms". Sovereignty Matters: Locations of Contestation and Possibility in Indigenous Struggles for Self-determination. U of Nebraska Press. p. 109. ISBN 0-8032-5198-X.
^ Sorensen, Stan (July 12, 2006). "Historical Notes, page 2" (PDF). Tapuitea. Archived from the original (PDF) on September 26, 2011. Retrieved August 16, 2011.
^ "Manu'a celebrates 105 years under the U.S. Flag". Samoa News. July 16, 2009. Archived from the original on September 27, 2011. Retrieved August 16, 2011.
^ Life in Samoa from 1916 to 1919 (archived from the original on 2015-09-26).
^ Pub. Res. 68–75, 43 Stat. 1357, enacted March 4, 1925.
^ "Edwin Musick – Pan Am Captain Ed Musick". Pan Am Clipper Flying Boats.
^ James Brooke (August 1, 2005). "In South Pacific, US Army has strong appeal". The New York Times. Retrieved September 30, 2009.
^ Congressman Faleomavaega (March 23, 2009). "American Samoa Death Rate in the Iraq War is Highest Among All States and US Territories". Press Release. United States House of Representatives. Archived from the original on October 9, 2009. Retrieved September 30, 2009.
^ Marchant, Leslie R. "Biography – Jean-François de Galaup La Pérouse – Australian Dictionary of Biography". Adb.anu.edu.au. Retrieved February 26, 2014.
^ "Robert Louis Stevenson". Encyclopedia Britannica. Encyclopedia Britannica. February 5, 2019.
^ a b Enright, John. "Tutuila in WWII: In the Cross-hairs of History – Part 1". Samoa News. Archived from the original on January 30, 2014. Retrieved February 26, 2014.
^ Eleanor Roosevelt in the Pacific (July 8, 2012). "David Huebner – US Ambassador to New Zealand". Blogs.newzealand.usembassy.gov. Archived from the original on February 27, 2013. Retrieved February 26, 2014.
^ "NASA History – The Apollo Program". History.nasa.gov. Retrieved February 26, 2014.
^ "Clinton visits American Samoa after two-week trip to Asia". Honolulu Star Advertiser. November 8, 2010. Retrieved August 16, 2017.
^ "American Samoa Earthquake and Tsunami". U.S. Department of the Interior. October 13, 2009. Archived from the original on March 16, 2013. Retrieved September 22, 2014.
^ "Pacific tsunami warning cancelled, Samoa takes brunt". Reuters. September 29, 2009. Archived from the original on October 3, 2009. Retrieved September 29, 2009.
^ Foley, Meraiah (October 1, 2009). "Scores Are Killed as Tsunami Hits Samoa Islands". The New York Times. Archived from the original on May 11, 2011. Retrieved September 30, 2009.
^ Joyce, Stacey (September 29, 2009). "8.0 magnitude quake generates tsunami off Samoa islands". Reuters. Archived from the original on October 3, 2009. Retrieved September 29, 2009.
^ "This folder contains material collected by the office of President John F. Kennedy's secretary, Evelyn Lincoln, concerning American Samoa, and consists of a letter to the President from Secretary of Samoan Affairs Le'iato Tuli". jfklibrary.org. John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum.
^ a b https://www.factretriever.com/american-samoa-facts 42 Fun Facts About American Samoa. Tayja Kuligowski. Factretriever.com. Retrieved November 24, 2017.
^ "American Samoa must consider independence – congressman". Radioaustralia.net.au. May 18, 2012. Retrieved February 26, 2014.
^ 8 U.S.C. § 1401 ("Nationals and citizens of United States at birth").
^ Amicus Curiae Brief of Eni F. H. Faleomavaega (PDF), November 7, 2012, retrieved April 26, 2014, More than a century ago, the Supreme Court held that the Citizenship Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment does not extend birthright citizenship to United States nationals who are born in unincorporated territories. See Downes v. Bidwell, 182 US 244, 251 (1901). The Court has reaffirmed this principle through the years, noting that individuals who are born in an unincorporated territory, though "subject to the jurisdiction of the United States," are "American nationals" who are not birthright citizens of the United States. Barber v. Gonzales, 347 U.S. 637, 639 n.1 (1954).
^ https://harvardlawreview.org/2017/04/american-samoa-and-the-citizenship-clause/ American Samoa and the Citizenship Clause: A Study in Insular Cases Revisionism. Chapter 3. Harvard Law Review. Retrieved 7 January 2018.
^ "America Samoa: Performing a Risk Assessment Would Better Inform U.S. Agencies of the Risks Related to Acceptance of Certificates of Identity" (PDF). U.S. Government Accountability Office. June 2010: 11 (page 15 of the pdf).
^ 8 U.S.C. § 1101(f)(8) ("No person shall be regarded as, or found to be, a person of good moral character who, during the period for which good moral character is required to be established is, or was ... (8) one who at any time has been convicted of an aggravated felony (as defined in subsection (a)(43)) ...") (emphasis added).
^ "8 U.S.C. § 1427(d)-(e)". U.S. Congress. Cornell Law School. Retrieved September 27, 2018.
^ Al-Sharif v. United States Citizenship and Immigration Services, 734 F.3d 207, 212 (3d Cir. 2013) (en banc).
^ Mobin v. Taylor, 598 F.Supp.2d 777 (E.D. Va. 2009) (Ellis III, District Judge).
^ "American Samoa delegate loses seat". The Hill. November 2014.
^ American Samoa: Performing a Risk Assessment Would Better Inform U.S. Agencies of the Risks Related to Acceptance of Certificates of Identity GAO-10-638: Published: June 11, 2010. Publicly Released: July 12, 2010.
^ "Insular Area Summary for American Samoa". U.S. Department of the Interior. April 6, 2010. Archived from the original on October 9, 2009. Retrieved April 11, 2011.
^ http://www.fpir.noaa.gov/MNM/mnm_roseatoll.html Marine National Monument Program (Rose Atoll). NOAA.gov. Retrieved 1 January 2018.
^ Hart, S.R.; et al. (December 8, 2000). "Vailulu'u undersea volcano: The New Samoa" (PDF). G3, An Electronic Journal of the Earth Sciences, American Geophysical Union. Research Letter, Vol. 1. Paper number 2000GC000108. Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. ISSN 1525-2027. Retrieved March 20, 2011.
^ "Congress Sacks Samoan Economy". Europac.net. January 22, 2010. Archived from the original on October 28, 2014. Retrieved November 4, 2010.
^ "Faleomavaega Comments On Minimum Wage Bill Now Before Congress". House.gov. January 10, 2007. Archived from the original on November 23, 2008. Retrieved July 25, 2010.
^ "American Samoa Gov. Tulafono criticizes StarKist". Business Week. August 30, 2010. Archived from the original on May 16, 2011.
^ https://www.engadget.com/2012/07/04/most-expensive-internet-in-america-samoa-broadband-interview/ The most expensive internet in America: fighting to bring affordable broadband to American Samoa. Darren Murph. Engadget.com. Retrieved November 24, 2017.
^ "US Insular Areas, Application of the US Constitution" (PDF). U.S. General Accounting Office. November 1997: 37. Retrieved July 16, 2012. US federal individual and corporate income taxes as such are not currently imposed in US insular areas.
^ Population of American Samoa: 2000 and 2010, U.S. Census Bureau.
^ a b 2010 American Samoa Demographic Profile Data, U.S. Census Bureau.
^ "LDS Newsroom". Mormonnewsroom.org. Retrieved August 11, 2017.
^ "American Samoa: How Many Jehovah's Witnesses Are There?". JW.ORG. Retrieved August 13, 2017.
^ "Which State Did the Best Job Bragging at the RNC? Slate's Definitive Ranking." Slate.com. 2016-07-19. Retrieved 2017-07-21.
"American Samoa". The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency.
This page was last edited on 11 April 2019, at 17:33 (UTC).


text:
Huáscar, nacido como Tupac Cusi Hualpa (Huascarpata, 1491 - Mollebamba, 1533) fue el último emperador incaico oficialmente coronado como tal. Se trató de uno de los diez hijos de sangre de Huayna Cápac y uno de los terceros con acceso al trono. Las versiones oficiales dicen que Huayna Cápac y quien fue nombrado su sucesor, Ninan Cuyuchi, fallecieron en 1527 de viruela,  cuya epidemia empezaba a brotar por el norte del Imperio incaico tras la llegada inminente de los europeos en América del Sur. Ante este hecho, escoger al nuevo Inca fue difícil y finalmente se eligió a Huáscar, pues este había sido nombrado como Incap antin (vicegobernador) del Cuzco por su padre.

Durante su corto gobierno existieron rumores acerca de intentos de golpes de estado cuyos planeamientos incluían a varios de sus hermanos, entre ellos su medio hermano, Atahualpa, quien terminaría derrocándolo en 1532, apresándolo y posteriormente acabando con su vida; todo lo cual sucedió poco antes que Atahualpa mismo fuera apresado por Francisco Pizarro, quien lo ejecutó por haber mandado a asesinar a su hermano, por el pecado de poligamia y el delito de la esclavitud contra los nativos

Origen
Probablemente nació en el poblado de Huascarpata, con el nombre de Tupic Cusi Hualpa (que luego cambiaría al tomar el poder). Fue el hijo de Huayna Cápac con Rahua Ocllo, una de las hermanas del Sapa Inca y ñusta con quien, según el cronista Juan de Santa Cruz Pachacuti Yamqui, hicieron casar luego de que éste falleció para legitimar la designación de Huáscar como Inca por los orejones (nobles de sangre o panaca real) del Cuzco; a pesar de no ser escogido por su propio padre quien falleció junto a su legítimo sucesor, Ninan Cuyuchi. En la decisión tomada por los orejones estuvo influenciada la experiencia que tenía Huáscar en gobernar una importantísima ciudad como era el Cuzco, ya que el cargo lo obtuvo luego de que su padre se dirigiera a conquistar Quito con su, en ese entonces, joven medio hermano Atahualpa.

La descripción física de Huáscar no es tomada con mucho entusiasmo por el cronista, Guamán Poma de Ayala, quien lo describe con un "rostro morenete y largo, sancudo y feo y de malas entrañas".

Gobierno
Durante el comienzo de su gobierno, todos lo reconocían como Sapa Inca, nombrando a su hermano Atahualpa incap rantin (vicegobernador) de Quito y su zona de influencia. Esta solicitud fue aceptada por Huáscar.

A pocos meses de asumir el gobierno, Huáscar descubrió una vasta conspiración, donde estaban implicados varios de sus hermanos que querían encumbrar como heredero a Cusi Atauchi, muy estimado y admirado en el Cuzco. La furia del Inca fue implacable, mandó ejecutar a todos los conjurados entre los que se encontraban orejones de importantes panacas, principalmente de la saya Hanan Cuzco. Para sentirse seguro, Huáscar se alejó de la nobleza cuzqueña y se rodeó de nobles leales a la sucesión hereditaria como su hermano Tito Atauchi quien lo asistió de consejero en las campañas de: Pomacochas, Honda, Comacocha y Chupat, en la lejana región de los chachapoyas.

Asimismo, Huáscar intentó realizar una serie de reformas con tal de fortalecer la autoridad del Sapa Inca, como por ejemplo el anuncio del enterramiento de las mallquis o momias de los Incas que le antecedieron, en conjunto con la confiscación de las propiedades de las panacas, como una forma de reducir su excesivo poder. Esto, sin embargo, causó un mayor descontento hacia su persona, causando que se elevaran las voces de protesta y rumores acerca una rebelión contra él.

Ante estos hechos Huáscar empezó a desconfiar de todos y algunas crónicas españolas, por otra parte poco objetivas, mencionan que en ocasiones mató a sospechosos sin tener pruebas contundentes.

Guerra civil incaica

Huáscar veía en Atahualpa la mayor amenaza a su poder, ya que este había pasado una década combatiendo en las campañas de su padre y tenía el apoyo de los generales y gente de Quito. No se opuso a que permaneciera como gobernador de Quito, por respeto a los deseos de su difunto padre, pero con dos condiciones: que no hiciera campañas militares para expandir sus territorios y que se reconociera vasallo suyo y le pagara tributos y Atahualpa las aceptó.

Lo cierto es que el territorio bajo el dominio de Atahualpa era un área muy rica y poblada, teniendo este la posibilidad de realizar campañas de conquista a los ricos pueblos al norte de esta, algo a lo que, por cierto, ya no podía aspirar Huáscar, pues su frontera norte quedaba prácticamente cerrada por los dominios de su hermano. Huáscar comprendió que Atahualpa podía fácilmente fortalecerse hasta llegar a tener la capacidad de enfrentársele para someterlo. Atahualpa contaba además con las mejores tropas del imperio y los generales más experimentados de las campañas de su padre.

Una tensa paz duró no más de cinco años, sin que ninguno de los dos realizara alguna campaña militar y dedicándose a disfrutar de las riquezas que heredaron. Huáscar aprovechó ese tiempo para conseguir el apoyo de los cañaris, una poderosa etnia que dominaba extensos territorios del norte del imperio y mantenían rencores hacia Atahualpa, pues este los había combatido durante las campañas de su padre.

Para eliminar a los hermanos rivales, Huáscar los convocó al Cuzco para la gran ceremonia de recepción de la mallqui o momia de su padre Huayna Cápac que llegaba desde Quito. Atahualpa, por consejo de nobles y generales de Quito no viajó al Cuzco, solo envió una delegación con el argumento que estaba en campaña contra ciertas tribus rebeldes del extremo norte. Huáscar humilló y dio muerte a la embajada de Atahualpa ordenando su inmediata presencia en el Cuzco.

Precisamente fueron sus parientes y partidarios quienes le aconsejaron no viajar al Cuzco y más bien prepararse para la guerra y la toma del poder. Una vez declarada la guerra, Huáscar envío un ejército comandado por su hermano, el general Atoc, quien avanzó rápidamente al norte y ganó la batalla de Chillopampa, pero fue derrotado, capturado y decapitado en Mullihambato. Su cráneo fue revestido de oro y utilizado como vaso trofeo por Atahualpa. El Sapa Inca envió un nuevo ejército encabezado por Huanca Aunqui quien fue derrotado en Tomebamba y Mullituro.

Atahualpa aprovechó una tregua (en época de cosecha se supone que ninguna etnia andina debe realizar campañas bélicas) y tomó algunas ciudades norteñas. Además contaba con decenas de miles de soldados veteranos de las campañas del norte y con experimentados generales que le permitieron avanzar hasta Huamachuco. Desde allí envió a Quizquiz y Chalcuchímac para la campaña final en el centro y sur con el objetivo de destruir a los huascaristas y tomar el Cuzco.

Ante la grave emergencia el mismo Huáscar dirigió sus tropas y logró victorias como las de Tahuaray y Huanacopampa, sin embargo perdió la decisiva batalla de Quipaipán, más aún fue tumbado de su litera y tomado prisionero por el bravo general Quizquiz.

Los atahualpistas ingresaron al Cuzco y dieron horrible muerte a los partidarios y familiares de Huáscar, principalmente a los miembros de la panaca Cápac Aillu (descendientes del Inca Túpac Yupanqui) a la que pertenecía el Inca derrotado.

Prisión y muerte

Una vez derrotado el ejército cuzqueño, Huáscar fue conducido descalzo, semidesnudo y atado del cuello hasta donde se encontraba Atahualpa (quien también se encontraba prisionero por los conquistadores españoles). Sin embargo, antes de que se encontraran, Atahualpa, temiendo que Pizarro liberara a Huáscar y le devolviera el poder, ordenó su ejecución en el poblado de Andamarca. Sus restos fueron arrojados al río Yanamayo.

Según las crónicas de la conquista, el cuerpo de Huáscar fue arrojado al río Yanamayo o río de Andamarca, cerca del pueblo de Andamarca. Respecto a la ubicación de Andamarca, se tienen dos sitios, el primero se ubicaba a 30 km al sur de Huamachuco, cerca de Cajamarca. Mientras que el segundo se ubica en la región Ayacucho.

Véase también
 Guerra civil incaica
 Huayna Cápac
 Imperio incaico
 Conquista del Perú
 Ninan Cuyuchi

Referencias

 Pérez Pimentel, Rodolfo: Diccionario Biográfico Ecuador, tomo 12 – Huáscar
 Pueblos originarios - Biografías: Huáscar

Descendientes de Huayna Cápac
Incas del Tahuantinsuyo
Cuzqueños


Ray Kurzweil's work at Google aims at moving search beyond keywords towards more complex ideas.
He offers this example. "I met this girl at a party last night. We only spoke a few words but I felt an instant bond with her. Is that realistic? What does the psychology literature say about this?


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On October 2, 2011 re-enactment of the 1908 Oakland Suffrage Parade, was joined by an estimated 250 participants from at least 10 organizations.
Susan Burton, author / activist - reception and book signing - Friday, August 17th, 2018 from 2:30-5:30 p.m.
Susan Burton is the author of Becoming Ms. Burton: From Prison to Recovery to Leading the Fight for Incarcerated Women. For almost two decades Burton has been a trailblazing advocate for ending mass incarceration, especially as it relates to poor women of color. Burton's book details her remarkable personal transformation as well as the larger structural changes this country must make in order to achieve racial and economic justice.
Burton founded the nonprofit organization A New Way of Life, was named a CNN Hero in 2010, a Purpose Prize winner in 2012. Burton is being honored at the National Women's History Project's inaugural "Nevertheless, She Persisted: Honoring Women Who Fight All Forms of Discrimination Against Women" event. Don't miss the chance to meet this remarkable, resilient, woman.


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Like Schindler, Polziec is Catholic. His family secretly sheltered Gersten in rural Poland for two years during World War II.
As though such a reunion between survivor and rescuer were not emotional enough, this one is taking place Wednesday on the eve of Hanukkah, which coincides this year with Thanksgiving. Two celebrations of gratitude.
Pope Francis during his Sunday Angelus address at St. Peter's Square in April.
In this document, he sets out an exciting new vision of how to be a church. In all my years as a Catholic, I cannot remember a papal document that was so thought-provoking, surprising and invigorating. Frankly, reading it thrilled me.
First, why not look at things from a new perspective? Second, why not be open to doing things in a new way? And third, why not have a new vision for the church?
(CNN) - Pope Francis on Tuesday called for big changes in the Roman Catholic Church - including at the very top - saying the church needs to rethink rules and customs that are no longer widely understood or effective for evangelizing.
"I prefer a Church which is bruised, hurting and dirty because it has been out on the streets, rather than a Church which is unhealthy from being confined and from clinging to its own security," the Pope said in a major new statement.
"I do not want a Church concerned with being at the center and then ends by being caught up in a web of obsessions and procedures," Francis added.
The Pope's address, called an "apostolic exhortation," is part mission statement, part pep talk for the world's 1.5 billion Catholics. Francis' bold language and sweeping call for change are likely to surprise even those who've grown accustomed to his unconventional papacy.


Join Val's Pack For A Chance To Meet Rodney Atkins!
Ladies (or guys...), we all know Rodney Atkins is a handsome dude.
Don't miss any of the great music at Harvest Jam 2016. Gates open at 3:00PM and music will run until 10:00PM.
Join us on Saturday, September 10th for Harvest Jam in Rochester, Minnesota. Harvest Jam is a one-day country music festival featuring live music, delicious food and tasty drinks.
Do you have questions about Harvest Jam, featuring Rodney Atkins, live on our American Heroes Stage powered by Home Solutions Midwest, Albert Lea; Making Homes New Again; and First Alliance Credit Union. All for One? See our FAQs below.
For the past few weeks, we've been asking area country bands and acts to enter our contest to open Quick Country's first annual Harvest Jam country music festival. We've had some really great contenders throw their hats (or songs) into the ring, and now it's your turn!
Check out our Harvest Jam event page on Facebook!


text:
Simpsonville bank robber ID'd as fmr. Williamston police chief
by: Craig Anderson
SIMPSONVILLE, S.C. (WSPA) – Police have arrested a man who robbed a Simpsonville bank after handing a note to one of the tellers stating that he was armed, according to the Simpsonville Police Department.
Around 9:58 a.m. Saturday, a man came into a Bank of America on Fairview Road with the note demanding money.
The suspect left the bank with an undisclosed amount of money.
No one was injured during the robbery, police say.
The suspect has been identified as Richard E. Inman.
Inman was caught and arrested Sunday around 12:30 p.m.
Former Williamston Mayor Carthel Crout confirmed that Inman is the former Williamston Police Chief.
A Williamston council member also said he recognized the suspect as the former police chief.


text:
Q: Performance breakdown for Rails app I have a Rails model that has dozens of methods calling each other as follow:
class MyModel
 def function1
 end
 ...
 def functionN
 end

 def summary
   function1
   ...
   functionN
 end

end

I would like to check performance of summary and breakdown run time of each of methods it calls. How should I go about doing this?

A: See Profile or use -rprofile in Ruby. Here's an excerpt:

Just require 'profile':
require 'profile'

def slow_method
  5000.times do
    9999999999999999*999999999
  end
end

def fast_method
  5000.times do
    9999999999999999+999999999
  end
end

slow_method fast_method

The output in both cases is a report when the execution is over:
ruby -rprofile example.rb

  %   cumulative   self              self     total  time   seconds
seconds    calls  ms/call  ms/call  name
 68.42     0.13      0.13        2    65.00    95.00  Integer#times
 15.79     0.16      0.03     5000     0.01     0.01  Fixnum#*
 15.79     0.19      0.03     5000     0.01     0.01  Fixnum#+
  0.00     0.19      0.00        2     0.00     0.00  IO#set_encoding
  0.00     0.19      0.00        1     0.00   100.00  Object#slow_method
  0.00     0.19      0.00        2     0.00     0.00  Module#method_added
  0.00     0.19      0.00        1     0.00    90.00  Object#fast_method
  0.00     0.19      0.00        1     0.00   190.00  #toplevel

So, you could add require 'profile' somewhere in your code (but it will significantly slow processing after that), and then when the Rails environment is exiting, it will output the profiling info. For your example, you might do in Rails console. First:
rails c

Then:
require 'profile'
MyModel.some_method_that_you_want_to_profile
exit

To filter, could do:
rails c 2>&1 | tee profile.txt

And then test as above, then after you are done:
grep MyModel profile.txt

Or include the headers and get rid of non-profiling output:
grep -E "MyModel\#|cumulative   self|seconds    call" profile.txt

If that is overkill, I'd suggest benchmark for just testing specific code blocks or methods.
See performance testing in the guide for much more.
Also check out ruby-prof, but don't leave it in your Gemfile long-term- it seems to have seg faults when used with some other gems (e.g. using rspec-rails, simplecov, and ruby-prof together when running rspec tests -> seg faults for me).
And Tracer, TracePoint (part of Ruby 2 now I think), autolog, set_trace_func etc. might help you see what is being called.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Free Spanish Agenda Labels: Tired of writing the same things on your daily agenda every day? No problem, just print out these labels (card stock keeps them nice throughout the whole year) and if you have magnets to stick on the back, that works best, otherwise you can just put magnets on them when you put them on the board.
Spanish Classroom Labels: Includes 30 labels in Spanish for common classroom items with a picture. Post these labels with pictures in your classroom and listen as your students start using the Spanish word to talk about the items.
Spanish FVR Classroom Library Labels: Organize your classroom library with these printable labels.
Label your cabinets or put in front of the item itself. Also includes smaller labels that you can attach to items such as stapler and tape dispenser.
10 Misconceptions about the Spanish Language and Culture: Over 7,000 downloads of this powerpoint which features 10 statements which ask students to decide if they are true or false.
These are 10 things that a lot of students don't know, but they definitely should. Features common misconceptions about the Spanish language worldwide and in the US, as well as about the people who speak Spanish.
Student Survey for the beginning of the year: Find out what your students like to do by giving them this survey on the first day of school. They will be surprised when you pull out this information throughout the school year and wonder how you know their favorite musician!
Latin American Holiday Calendar: 70 national holidays broken down by date and listed by each country, this also includes a google calendar that you can embed on your website or add to your own calendar.
Have your students research any of these holidays and present their research in this free Holiday Project.
A template for making a parody of the 12 Days of Christmas but with references to your TPRS stories.
La Criatura Parte 2: A follow-up story from a Martina Bex lesson (which is also free).
De Que Me Sirve La Vida lesson plan: Using the song and music video from "De Que Me Sirve La Vida" by Camila, this lesson is great for teaching tolerance and being aware of other peoples' problems. Download the screen captures of the "signs" from the music video.
Raquel Sofia Agridulce Song Cloze Activity: This canción from Puerto Rican singer Raquel Sofia features a lyric sheet, cloze activity, and follow up activity.
Level up Notes: Moving your students from the novice level to intermediate level by encouraging detailed sentences with transition words.
Celebrity Face Masks: Over 15 celebrity face masks for adding a celebrity to your TPRS story. Nothing grabs students' attention like Beyonce, Kanye West, Justin Bieber, Shakira, or Juanes! Print and tape a popsicle/craft stick to the back.
Spanish Expressions Bingo Card Give students a bingo card of expressions and phrases. When they complete they board, give them a prize. Get them motivated to incorporate phrases and reactions during class.
Jesse y Joy Cube Crafts – Make your own Jesse & Joy cube-craft paper doll.
FVR Novel List and "Accountability": An editable list of novels for a level 1 class and with a way or your students to check track of what they are reading and give a ranking.
Parent Handout for Open House: Explaining TPRS and teaching with CI to parents during Parent Night.
Proficiency Levels Poster: Using ice cream cones as an analogy for ACTFL proficiency levels.
Spanish 1 Curriculum Guide / Curriculum Template: A sample of a middle school second year (level 1 B) TPRS curriculum documenting the story, its targeted vocabulary structures, grammar pop-ups and even cultural notes.