text:
AVA Main Directory | Resource Links | Event Calendar | Vampirism Research Study | Archived AVA Forum v1.0
Atlanta Vampire Alliance [AVA]
Latest Member: DragonBLood
Atlanta Vampire Alliance [AVA] | Religion, Spirituality, & Philosophy | Christianity | Christian Mysticism | Enochian | Gnosticism | Hermeticism (Moderators: Merticus, SoulSplat, Eclecta, Maloryn, Zero) | Scholar Interview: Who Was the Historical Jesus? 0 Members and 1 Guest are viewing this topic. « previous next »
Author Topic: Scholar Interview: Who Was the Historical Jesus? (Read 9456 times)
SoulSplat
House AVA Founder
House AVA Member
Level 5 Contributor
Scholar Interview: Who Was the Historical Jesus?
SOURCE: Discovery News
LINK: http://dsc.discovery.com/news/2009/04/03/historical-jesus-02.html
April 3, 2009 -- Biblical scholar Rachel Havrelock is a MythBuster in her own right, dispelling popular beliefs about Christianity. The University of Illinois at Chicago professor traveled to the Holy Land to co-host the Discovery Channel documentary "Who Was Jesus?" which premiers April 5, Palm Sunday.
Havrelock recently sat down to speak with Discovery News' Jennifer Viegas about the historical Jesus, what she feels are some common misconceptions, and the role women played during Christianity's earliest years.
Discovery News: What do you think is the most common misconception today about the Bible and its teachings?
Rachel Havrelock: That it was meant to present a very conservative, traditional viewpoint. You must remember that the concept of God was, and perhaps still is, a radical social idea. Rather than being beholden to an oligarchy, an individual can now answer to a deity. It created the possibility of an egalitarian society.
The core of Jesus' message was directed to the economically downtrodden, the poor farmers, laborers and others who had little power in their own lives. Jesus presented a radical social proposition that meant society could be reconfigured to allow for less inequity and more sharing.
DN: For Christian believers, there is no doubt that Jesus existed. Is there a strong argument for an historical Jesus, though, having lived sometime around the first century A.D.?
RH: Yes, I think there is. The evidence comes from the Bible itself, but not in the way you might suppose.
DN: Please explain.
RH: Certain details of Jesus' life simply don't fit with idealized notions of a Messiah. He's baptized by John the Baptist, a lesser figure according to the Gospels. He addresses women in his teachings and through his actions. He's from a backwater. These are aspects that seem to speak to the historical figure of Jesus of Nazareth.
DN: What information do we have about the "idealized Messiah?"
RH: The prophets of the Old Testament speak of a future king who will restore the Jews to their land and establish order and peace. This savior-king was projected into the future and gave rise to the idea of a Messiah.
Texts that are written in the time between the Old and New Testaments, like the Dead Sea Scrolls, the book of Enoch, and the writings of Philo, develop the messianic idea. There are notions of what people need to do to prepare themselves for the Messiah to arrive and usher in the future.
Due to the prophecies, it was expected that the Messiah would come from Bethlehem and be a son of King David, who was the second king of the United Kingdom of Israel, according to the Hebrew Bible. That perhaps is one reason why the genealogy in Matthew links Jesus to the House of David.
DN: But Jesus is said to have been born of a poor family in Nazareth, and he conducted much of his ministry at the Sea of Galilee?
RH: Precisely. There is no reason why Jesus should have come from Nazareth, which was never mentioned in the prophecies, or that he should have begun his work at the Sea of Galilee. These are just two of the incongruities that did not conform to the preexisting beliefs about the Messiah. It is therefore likely that Jesus actually did exist, since there is no reason for these mismatches.
DN: Why do you think Jesus' baptism by John the Baptist was yet another incongruity?
RH: Matthew has Jesus saying to John the Baptist, "Permit it at this time; for in this way it is fitting for us to fulfill all righteousness." Jesus was then baptized.
But the wording of the baptism accounts reveals embarrassment. Why should a son of God have to be baptized, since he should have been born without sin? It appears that John the Baptist was involved in creating another movement at around the same time as Jesus.
RH: There were many competing movements during this period. There was the Pharisees social movement, which later was re-established as Rabbinic Judaism, becoming Judaism today.
There was the Dead Sea Scroll community, which may have been a dropout, radical group that preferred to live outside of traditional society. All in one way or another addressed the oppression that the Jewish people felt, being colonized by the Roman Empire. The Jesus movement wound up displacing some of the others at the time.
DN: Is there any direct evidence for Jesus' existence outside of the Bible?
RH: Josephus, a first century Jewish historian, wrote of Jesus in the Greek version of the Antiquities of the Jews. He described Jesus as a "wise man" and a "doer of wonderful works." The fact that Josephus referenced Jesus reveals that stories about Jesus were already gaining momentum.
DN: What permitted Christianity to spread so quickly?
RH: Paul the apostle was a marketing genius. The notion of conversion targeted everyone, and along the way the message of Jesus was universalized. According to Paul, you didn't have to be ethnically Jewish, or follow the laws of Judaism, in order to follow Jesus.
DN: Who funded and supported Paul?
RH: He was supported mostly by wealthy widows. These were women with both money and autonomy. They bankrolled early Christianity. They also kept the teachings alive by holding services in their homes. Such "house churches" were common before cathedrals and other central meeting places were established.
DN: What were some of their names?
RH: Mary, or versions of that name were popular then, so there were a lot of Mary's! The Bible also mentions Priscilla, Rhoda, Dorcas and so many others.
DN: Were there any female disciples?
RH: Mary Magdalene was one prominent disciple. It's definitely a myth that there weren't any women disciples. And there is nothing in the Bible supporting that Mary Magdalene was a prostitute. For some reason, her story was confused with an anecdote about a prostitute washing the feet of Jesus.
DN: What other Biblical-related myths, in your view, should be busted?
RH: It's commonly thought today that the heterosexual family, with a mother, father and children, was the only family unit sanctioned by the church. The early Christians instead put more emphasis on community that allowed for gender equality and where everyone was equal in the eyes of God.
If you've found this site helpful, consider using the donate button to reciprocate the effort.
--SoulSplat
House AVA Founding Member
Sfinelli3
There was a boy. A very strange, enchanted boy.
Re: Scholar Interview: Who Was the Historical Jesus?
My theory on Jesus is that he was an Alchemist and a Pagan. Either he created something along the lines of the Red Stone and had much more power than anyone else, or he just understood the Earth and the magic more than anyone else. Then he used that knowledge to make himself a God. My good friend Lady Circe, may the Goddess protect her soul, (who some of you Wiccans in the forum should know of) once said that she believes that Jesus was a Pagan and was simply misunderstood in what he said, and people twisted what he said to make their own lives better.
The greatest thing you'll ever learn is just to love, and be loved in return.
belovedofdeath
My theory on Jesus is that he never existed.
Quote from: Sfinelli3 on October 15, 2009, 09:26:37 am
Interesting theory. Completely unsubstantiated, but interesting.. Alchemy died (or transformed into the actual science of Chemistry) because much of what alchemists were attempting to do was either impossible of improbable. What proof do you have that anything such as the "Red Stone" ever existed?
Quote from: belovedofdeath on October 15, 2009, 01:48:45 pm
No, Alchemy is not dead. People still practice it and it is taught in some colleges, the major Alchemy institute is in California. If you want specifics I'd be glad to provide. Many more modern scientists and mathmeticians were Alchemists. Isaac Newton was an Alchemist, he created the Black Dragon, a very famous Alchemic experiment. And Nicholas Flamel was the most famous Alchemist, having made the first recorded Stone in all time, sometime in the mid 1300's. He was born in 1330 and supposedly died in 1416. He was 86, which didnt happen in those days. Some people say he still lives, but not much is known after his recorded death in 1416.
Maloryn
Quote from: Sfinelli3 on October 16, 2009, 02:39:46 pm
And Nicholas Flamel was the most famous Alchemist
Think you'll find more people familiar with Saint-Germain, Thomas Aquinas, and Roger Bacon.
---Mal
Yes, if they've actually studied.
paindancer
Jesus was a pagan?
Um... well, if you define pagan as any non-christian or non-jewish, then possibly, but he is quoted many times as believeing in one god, and not a pantheon of them.. so even that is a little but of a jump.
Its much more likely he was jewish, all things considered.
That dosnt mean he wasnt gifted, and very likely was. But I dont think that had much to do with the religion he was born to.
Advocating sensible vampirism since 2006
of course Nicholas Flamel is still alive. He is in Harry Potter I find it sad that the only knowledge I have of this historical figure is from Harry Potter....sad. Be that as it may I'm hard pressed to believe that he really created a philosophers stone. In your opinion you may believe he did but you have no fact nor proof that it ever existed. So it can't be the only recorded stone in history because it was not recorded, merely commented on that it may have been formed. I need concrete proof before I can believe something is recorded fact.
Also what college in Cali are you commenting on? I looked it up and I do see the one in Santa Rosa Cali but that one seems to be more about Hypnosis.
"20 Bucks says none of y'all dumb white people can kill me"
oh and i don't believe Jesus existed either.
I think the historical evidence is there that he did in fact exist, too many cross cultural references to him outside of just the christian base.
But that evidence also points to him being married, umong other things.
Intersting things I have picked up, regarding arabic culture. Even now, the mother holds a high position in the hosts party, where you can identify whos party it is by identifying the mother presiding over it. So when you have the water to wine story.. and it says that Jesus was at a wedding party and his mother was there.... thats a pretty specific detail.
There are many corresponding stories between muslim and christian texts identifying Jesus as well. Some schools of thought even say the two were the same person, Jesus and Mohammed, but i personally think that a stretch.
Its easy to armchair this one, but its a fascinating study.
Anyone else feel that if Jesus was real and alive today that we would lock him up in a loony bin? I mean isn't that what we do to people like that now?
Yes, the funny thing is Jesus has returned. He was promply instutionalized in a hospital in the western Chicago suburbs.
Lucifer finds the situation funny, as he owns most of the stock in that particular hospital and its major insurance partner.
"I am the lord thy god! I AM THE LORD THY GOD!!!" -Patient
"Yes Frank I'm sure you are. Now if you don't mind please take the red pill and stop asking all the other patients to wash your feet with their hair" - Doctor
the Dream Team?
Jump to: Please select a destination: ----------------------------- Atlanta Vampire Alliance [AVA] Forum Info ----------------------------- => Forum Guidelines | Registration | Frequently Asked Questions => House [AVA] Official Documentation & Membership Eligibility => Troubleshooting | Suggestions | Site Issues ----------------------------- Vampires & Vampirism ----------------------------- => Vampirism & Energy Work Research Study (VEWRS & AVEWRS) => General Vampirism Discussion ----------------------------- Therianthropy & Otherkin ----------------------------- => General Otherkin Discussion ----------------------------- Religion, Spirituality, & Philosophy ----------------------------- => General Spiritual & Philosophical Discussion ----------------------------- Energy Work, Psionics, & Paranormal Studies ----------------------------- => General Psi | Psychic | Psionics | Energetic Discussion ----------------------------- Vampires & Vampirism ----------------------------- => Psychic | Tantric | Elemental Vampirism => Sanguinarian Vampirism => Awakening => Donor & Hunger Support => Vampire Community & Subcultural Discussion ----------------------------- Therianthropy & Otherkin ----------------------------- => Therianthropy & Were => Mixed | Hybrid | Shifter | Other ----------------------------- Religion, Spirituality, & Philosophy ----------------------------- => Christianity | Christian Mysticism | Enochian | Gnosticism | Hermeticism => Wicca | Paganism | Druidism | Asatru | OTO | Freemasonry | Satanism | Luciferianism => Other Religious, Spiritual, & Philosophical Paradigms ----------------------------- Energy Work, Psionics, & Paranormal Studies ----------------------------- => Meditation & Energetic Healing ----------------------------- Religion, Spirituality, & Philosophy ----------------------------- => Occult | Magick | Spells | Rituals | Astrology | Divination ----------------------------- Energy Work, Psionics, & Paranormal Studies ----------------------------- => Dreams & Visions ----------------------------- Religion, Spirituality, & Philosophy ----------------------------- => Shamanism | Buddhism | Hinduism | Daoism ----------------------------- Energy Work, Psionics, & Paranormal Studies ----------------------------- => Ghosts | Hauntings | Possession | Unexplained Phenomena => Paranormal Investigative Procedures, Ethics, Techniques, & Resources => Astral Projection | Dreamwalking | Precognition | Remote Viewing | Psychokineses ----------------------------- Vampires & Vampirism ----------------------------- ===> Voices of the Vampire Community (VVC) ===> Vampire Community News (VCN) - Month In Review
Copyright 2005-2012 | Atlanta Vampire Alliance | All Rights Reserved
Theme By Nesianstyles | Buttons By Andrea | Modified By Merticus


On a beautiful day in the western hills of Kentucky, in the year 1919 – a year of beauty and wonderment – Hattie, and attractive woman in her thirties, stood on the back porch of a modest farmhouse built by her husband Andrew.
"Hard work and love … that's what makes a home," she thought to herself.
But as her daughter Mallie Jane would find out, sometimes hard work and love wasn't enough.


text:
Mathematics Number Theory and Discrete Mathematics
Summability Calculus
A Comprehensive Theory of Fractional Finite Sums
Authors: Alabdulmohsin, Ibrahim M.
The first book in the literature, which is devoted to fractional finite sums as an object of study on its own right
Unifies many disparate historical results in the works of prominent mathematicians, such as Gregory, Euler, Boole, and Ramanujan, and shows how such results relate to each other in significant ways
Contains new materials and identities that have not been published before
This book develops the foundations of "summability calculus", which is a comprehensive theory of fractional finite sums. It fills an important gap in the literature by unifying and extending disparate historical results. It also presents new material that has not been published before. Importantly, it shows how the study of fractional finite sums benefits from and contributes to many areas of mathematics, such as divergent series, numerical integration, approximation theory, asymptotic methods, special functions, series acceleration, Fourier analysis, the calculus of finite differences, and information theory. As such, it appeals to a wide audience of mathematicians whose interests include the study of special functions, summability theory, analytic number theory, series and sequences, approximation theory, asymptotic expansions, or numerical methods. Richly illustrated, it features chapter summaries, and includes numerous examples and exercises. The content is mostly developed from scratch using only undergraduate mathematics, such as calculus and linear algebra.
Ibrahim M. Alabdulmohsin is a postdoctoral fellow at the Department of Computer Science at the King Abdullah University of Science and Technology in Saudi Arabia.
Alabdulmohsin, Ibrahim M.
Simple Finite Sums
Composite Finite Sums
Analytic Summability Theory
Oscillating Finite Sums
Computing Finite Sums
The Language of Finite Differences
Ibrahim M. Alabdulmohsin
Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
More than meets the eye: the exotic, high-energy Universe Understand article
Ages: 11-14, 14-16, 16-19
Topics: Physics, General science, Astronomy / space
Keywords: Physics, Astrophysics, Geography, Optics, Quantum physics, Mass and gravity
Author(s): Claudia Mignone, Rebecca Barnes
In the third article in this series on astronomy and the electromagnetic spectrum, learn about the exotic and powerful cosmic phenomena that astronomers investigate with X-ray and gamma-ray observatories, including the European Space Agency's XMM-Newton and INTEGRAL missions.
Image courtesy of ESA / AOES
In the 1960s, the advent of the space age initiated the era of high-energy astronomy. For the first time, astronomers could see the Universe with X-ray and gamma-ray eyes. Electromagnetic (EM) radiation at these wavelengths is emitted by cosmic sources with extreme properties such as exceptionally high temperatures, extraordinarily high densities or remarkably strong magnetic fields. Ground-based observatories, however, had been unable to register these rays, which have wavelengths too short to penetrate Earth's atmosphere (figure 1). It took the first space observatories to unveil this turbulent and ever-changing Universe.
In just half a century, observations made at the highest energies have significantly changed our view of the cosmos. By studying the X-ray and gamma-ray sky, astronomers have discovered several new types of astronomical sources and have enhanced their knowledge of many other types of objects. To examine the Universe in the X- and gamma-ray range of the EM spectrumw1, the European Space Agency (ESA; see box) operates two missions: the XMM-Newton (X-rays) and INTEGRAL (X-rays and gamma rays) space observatories. The techniques used in X-ray and gamma-ray astronomy and by these two missions were introduced in the second article in this series (Mignone & Barnes, 2011b); this article provides an overview of what these missions have taught us, from the life of stars to the structure of the Universe. For an overview of the EM spectrum and its role in astronomy, see the first article in this series (Mignone & Barnes, 2011a).
Figure 1: The EM spectrum, with the high-energy regions observed by ESA's XMM-Newton and INTEGRAL space observatories highlighted. X-rays are emitted by cosmic sources at millions of degrees Celsius; gamma rays by sources at hundreds of millions of degrees Celsius. XMM-Newton detects X-rays at energies of 150-1.5 x 104 eV, whereas INTEGRAL detects both X-rays at energies of 3 x 103-3.5 x 104 eV and gamma rays at 1.5 x 104 keV – 1.0 x 107 keV.
Image courtesy of ESA/ AOES Medialab
Unveiling the birth and death of stars
Stars are born when gravity causes huge clouds of gas and dust to collapse, fragment and form protostars. These protostars later grow into fully fledged stars when nuclear fusion ignites in their cores. How a star then continues to evolve depends on its mass, with massive stars destined to a shorter life and a more spectacular demise than their lower-mass counterparts (figure 2).
Figure 2: The life cycle of stars.
Image courtesy of ESA / AOES Medialab
It is the early and late stages of a star's life cycle that are the most interesting for X-ray and gamma-ray astronomers. Because some very young stars shine brightly under X-rays, astronomers can detect many of them by looking at star-forming regions with X-ray telescopes such as XMM-Newton (figure 3). The most massive young stars release highly energetic radiation and extremely hot gas, which are observed at X-ray wavelengths and influence how other stars form in the surrounding area. Astronomers using XMM-Newton have detected bubbles of hot gas from young massive stars in many regions of the skyw2, including the Orion Nebula and the star-forming region NGC 346. This research feeds into our understanding of how young massive stars affect star formation around them – a hot topic in modern astrophysics.
Figure 4: X-ray image of the
supernova remnant SN 1006
as viewed with XMM-
Newton. This object is the
remains of a supernova that
was seen by Chinese
astronomers in 1006 AD.
Visible in the upper-left
and lower-right corners are
shock waves where particles
such as electrons are
accelerated to very high
Image courtesy of CEA / DSM
/ DAPNIA / SAp / J Ballet and
Figure 5: Artist's impression
of an X-ray binary. With its
intense gravitational field the
black hole on the right draws
matter from its companion, a
blue super- giant star, on the
left. The stripped material
spirals around the black hole,
forming an accretion disc,
which shines brightly at the
highest energies. Two
powerful jets of highly
energetic particles stem from
the vicinity of the black hole
Figure 3: The star-forming
region NGC 346 is located in
the Small Magellanic Cloud,
one of the Milky Way's
neighbouring galaxies. This
false-colour image combines
observations performed with
XMM-Newton in X-rays
(blue) with data gathered in
visible (green) and infrared
(red) light with the Hubble
and Spitzer space telescopes,
Image courtesy of NASA / JPL-
Caltech / D Gouliermis (Max-
Planck Institute for Astronomy,
Heidelberg, Germany) and ESA
At the ends of their lives, massive stars explode as supernovae (as described in Székely & Benedekfi, 2007), heating the surrounding gas to extremely high temperatures and accelerating particles, such as electrons, to very high speeds. As a result, an abundance of X-rays and gamma rays are released (figure 4). Furthermore, many elements heavier than iron, such as lead, nickel and gold, are synthesised during supernova explosions (to learn more, see Rebusco et al., 2007). Some of these elements are radioactive and eventually decay into stable isotopes, producing gamma rays in the process. Astronomers using INTEGRAL have surveyed the Milky Way and found traces of the radioactive isotope aluminium-26. Just like archaeologists, they have delved into the history of our galaxy and performed a census of past supernovae. The results demonstrate that, in the Milky Way, supernovae occur on average once every 50 yearsw3.
After a supernova explosion, all that remains of the massive star is an extremely compact and dense object – either a neutron star or a black hole.
Figure 6: The nearby active
galaxy, Centaurus A (NGC
5128). This false-colour
image combines observations
performed with XMM –
Newton in X-rays (cyan, blue
and purple, in order of
increasing energy) and
data gathered at longer,
far- infrared (yellow) and
sub- millimetre (red)
wavelengths using ESA's
Herschel Space Observatory.
At X-ray wavelengths, a
number of foreground point
-like sources are visible:
these are X-ray binaries
belonging to our galaxy, the
Image courtesy of ESA / XMM-
Newton (X-rays); ESA /
Herschel / PACS / SPIRE / CD
Wilson, McMaster University,
Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (far
-infrared and sub-millimetre)
With such a huge mass squeezed into a restricted space, these remnants have exceptionally strong gravitational fields and exert an intense pull on nearby matter, but they are fairly difficult to detect. However, if the neutron star or black hole is part of a binary stellar system (two stars orbiting around a common centre of mass), it may start devouring matter from its companion star; the accreting matter then heats up to millions of degrees, emitting X-rays and gamma rays. This high-energy emission can be used to reveal the presence of a neutron star or black hole.
These systems are called X-ray binaries (figure 5) and were discovered in the late 1960s via X-ray observations. Back then, neutron stars and black holes had only been predicted by theory, so these observations provided the first proof of their existence.
Since then, several generations of space-based observatories have helped astronomers to learn more. XMM-Newton and INTEGRAL have studied many X-ray binaries (which may also release gamma rays), revealing important details about the physics of black holes and neutron stars. For example, gammarays from Cygnus X-1, observed using INTEGRALw4, helped astronomers to better understand how matter is accreted via a disc onto this black hole and partly expelled in two symmetric jets.
The distant Universe
Figure 7: Observations of the
very distant galaxy cluster CL
J1449+0856 performed in X-
rays (purple glow) with
XMM- Newton are
superimposed onto an image
taken with ground-based
telescopes at near-infrared
wavelengths. Most objects
visible in the image are very
faint and distant galaxies.
The galaxies belonging to the
galaxy cluster are visible as
a clump of faint, red objects.
With a temperature above 20
million Kelvin, the hot gas
pervading the intergalactic
space shines brightly in
Image courtesy of ESA / ESO /
Subaru / R Gobat et al.
High-energy astronomers not only observe the birth and death of stars within the Milky Way and nearby galaxies, but also use X-rays and gamma-rays to investigate the much more distant Universe – including super-massive black holes and clusters of galaxies.
All large galaxies harbour super-massive black holes at their cores, with masses a few million to a few billion times that of the Sun. Some galaxies, known as active galaxies, contain super-massive black holes that, unlike the one in the centre of the Milky Way, are active. Devouring matter from their surroundings, these black holes release high-energy radiation as well as powerful jets of highly energetic particles (figure 6).
ESA's XMM-Newton and INTEGRAL are thus ideal tools to hunt for active galaxies and to investigate the mechanisms that power them. Astronomers cannot see all the necessary details in more distant high-energy sources, so they also collect data from as many nearby active galaxies as possible. By combining data from close and distant galaxies, astronomers have figured out how super-massive black holes accrete matter via a disc, and how these discs may be surrounded by absorbing clouds of gasw5.
Figure 8: This map compares
the distribution of 'normal'
matter, traced via hot gas
seen by XMM-Newton (in
red) and stars and galaxies
observed with the Hubble
Space Telescope (in grey), to
the distribution of the
invisible dark matter (in
blue), which has been
inferred from the
gravitational lensing effect.
The map demonstrates how
'normal' matter across the
Universe follows the
structure of an underlying
'scaffolding' of dark matter
Image courtesy of NASA / ESA /
R Massey (California Institute of
Technology)
On a still larger scale, galaxies tend to assemble in clusters of up to several thousand galaxies. These clusters are the largest structures in the Universe to be held together by gravity, and release a diffuse X-ray glow. This glow, first observed in the 1970s, revealed that the intergalactic space in a cluster contains an enormous amount of hot gas. Together with other observatories that probe the sky across the EM spectrum, XMM-Newton has observed hundreds of galaxy clusters (figure 7).
These include a very distant cluster that is one of the earliest structures to have formed in the Universew6, just 3 billion years after the Big Bang. This may sound like a very long time, but it is less than one quarter of the Universe's present age.
Galaxy clusters are located in the densest knots of the cosmic web, the gigantic network of structure that makes up the Universe and consists mostly of invisible dark matterw7. Using XMM-Newton, astronomers have spotted matter where it is most densely concentrated, thus tracing the distribution of cosmic structure across the Universe (figure 8).
From the birth of a star to the structure of the Universe – what next? X-ray and gamma-ray observatories, including ESA's XMM-Newton and INTEGRAL, continue to keep a close watch on the ever-changing, high-energy sky, recording sudden violent outbursts of X-rays and gamma-rays. By continuing to unveil celestial wonders to astronomers, these remarkable space observatories are helping to solve the mysteries of our Universe.
More about ESA
The European Space Agency (ESA)w8 is Europe's gateway to space, organising programmes to find out more about Earth, its immediate space environment, our Solar System and the Universe, as well as to co-operate in the human exploration of space, to develop satellite-based technologies and services, and to promote European industries.
The Directorate of Science and Robotic Exploration is devoted to ESA's space science programme and to the robotic exploration of the Solar System. In the quest to understand the Universe, the stars and planets and the origins of life itself, ESA space science satellites peer into the depths of the cosmos and look at the furthest galaxies, study the Sun in unprecedented detail, and explore our planetary neighbours.
ESA is a member of EIROforumw9, the publisher of Science in School.
Mignone C, Barnes R (2011a) More than meets the eye: the electromagnetic spectrum. Science in School 20: 51-59.
Mignone C, Barnes R (2011b) More than meets the eye: unravelling the cosmos at the highest energies. Science in School 21: 57-64.
Rebusco P, Boffin H, Pierce-Price D (2007) Fusion in the Universe: where your jewellery comes from. Science in School 5: 52-56.
Székely P, Benedekfi Ö (2007) Fusion in the Universe: when a giant star dies….Science in School 6: 64-68.
w1 – To learn more about X-ray and gamma-ray astronomy at ESA, watch Rebecca Barnes in Episode 5 of the Science@ESA vodcast: The untamed, violent Universe.
w2 – Find out more about how XMM-Newton helped in studying the star-forming region NGC 346 and detected a hot-gas bubble in the Orion Nebula.
w3 – Learn how INTEGRAL identified the supernova rate for the Milky Way and how XMM-Newton helped to analyse the remnants of the Tycho supernova.
w4 – The ESA website has more information about X-ray binaries.
Find out how gamma rays from the Cygnus X-1 jets were observed with INTEGRAL ('INTEGRAL spots matter a millisecond from doom').
Learn about how Supergiant Fast X-ray Transients were observed by XMM-Newton ('Neutron star caught feasting on clump of stellar matter').
w5 – Read more details of ESA's findings about active galaxies with XMM-Newton and INTEGRAL.
w6 – Read about how XMM-Newton helped discover an old galaxy cluster in the young Universe.
w7 – Learn about the first 3D map of the Universe's dark matter scaffolding.
w8 – For more information on the European Space Agency, visit the ESA website.
w9 – Find out more about EIROforum.
ESA has produced many more education materials.
All education materials produced by ESA are freely available to teachers in the 18 ESA member states. Many are translated into several European languages.
Learn more about the activities of the European Space Agency's Directorate for Science and Robotic Exploration.
Claudia Mignone, Vitrociset Belgium for ESA – European Space Agency, is a science writer for ESA. She has a degree in astronomy from the University of Bologna, Italy, and a PhD in cosmology from the University of Heidelberg, Germany. Before joining ESA, she worked in the public outreach office of the European Southern Observatory (ESO).
Rebecca Barnes, HE Space Operations for ESA – European Space Agency, is the education officer for the ESA Science and Robotic Exploration Directorate. She has a degree in physics with astrophysics from the University of Leicester, UK, and previously worked in the education and space communications departments of the UK's National Space Centre. To find out more about the education activities of the ESA Science and Robotic Exploration Directorate, contact Rebecca at SciEdu@esa.int
This article, the third in a series, describes European research activities within the field of high-energy astronomy. The second article in the series described the techniques used by two ESA missions, XMM-Newton (X-rays) and INTEGRAL (X-rays and gamma rays); this article describes some of their results, including insights into the birth and death of stars, as well as the more distant Universe.
For older students (16+), the article is ideal for physics lessons, where it could be used to address astrophysics (the life of stars, cosmic objects, the Big Bang theory), optics or even quantum physics (spectral ranges, relationship between wavelength and energy, EM waves), mass and gravity. It could also be used in geography lessons about the Universe, solar systems and cosmic objects.
To make it accessible to younger students (age of 10-15 years) as well, I would suggest the teacher selects just parts of the article to discuss.
The article could be very useful in English lessons too, or – once it has been translated – in German, French or other language lessons. Because the article is not too technical, even teachers who are not very familiar with physics could use it.
The article could also be used to stimulate discussion, with questions including:
Describe the European Space missions XMM-Newton and INEGRAL.
Give an overview of the electromagnetic spectrum (including visible, infrared and UV).
What is the relationship between wavelength, energy and frequency?
Why do we use space observatories in addition to ground-based observatories?
Why are the sources that shine most brightly in gamma rays hotter than those that shine most brightly in X-rays?
What are X-ray binaries?
What can happen to massive stars at the ends of their lives?
Gerd Vogt, Higher Secondary School for Environment and Economics, Yspertal, Austria


I'm a veterinary undergraduate student from the Pondicherry veterinary college (RIVER) though I'm originally from Chennai. I'm looking forward to 2018 when I'll be a licenced vet. I joined this venture by IISc to broaden my knowledge base and keep abreast of the latest in science.


A true crime story that opens with the authors, father and daughter, standing at the massive grave of the Lawson family, where all the members were buried together, along with their killer, built around the grave of an earlier child that died young.
We know right away that it was the father, Charlie Lawson, 43, who murdered his family, wife Fannie, 37, daughters Marie, 17, Carrie, 12, Mae Bell, 7, Mary Lou, 4 1/2 months, and sons James, 4, and Raymond, 2. The oldest son Arthur, 19, was the only survivor, gone to the store to buy ammunition for squirrel hunting later in the day.
All were either shotgunned and/or bludgeoned to death with a piece of 2 by 4.
And it all happened on Christmas day, 1929.
This book is an examination of theories of why Charlie murdered his family and it took sixty years for the truth to finally be revealed.
Meticulously planned murders, it seems, as Charlie bought them all new sets of clothes and posed them for a family portrait a few weeks before the Christmas surprise he promised them.
Interesting story that happened the next county over from my own here in North Carolina.
Below is a photograph, the family portrait mentioned.
(Top L-R) Arthur, Marie, Charlie, Fannie, Mary Lou. (Bottom L-R, James, Mae Bell, Raymond, and Carrie.


text:
Рат краља Џорџа је назив за војне операције које су вођене у Северној Америци између 1740. и 1748. године. Овај рат представља део Рата за аустријско наслеђе у Европи. Трећи је од четири Француска и индијанска рата.

Рат за Џенкинсово уво је званично отпочео када је шпански командант одсекао ухо енглеском капетану Роберту Џенкинсу и рекао му да га однесе свом краљу. Рат је избио 1739. године између Шпанаца и Британаца и главни сукоби вођени су у Карибима и Џорџији а у Рат краља Џорџа ескалирао је када у рат, на страну Шпанаца, улазе Французи. Током рата британске колонијалне снаге су заузеле француско утврђење Луизбург на острву Кејп Бретон у Новој Шкотској али је оно враћено Француској по одредбама Споразума из Ахена.

Рат краља Џорџа није решио спорна питања између Велике Британије и Француске. У даљем току сукоба Аустрија је своју подршку пружала Француској а не Великој Британији док је Британија наставила борбе са новим савазницима Пруском и Руском Империјом. Овај сукоб прерастао је у Седмогодишњи рат у Европи (Француски и индијански рат у Северној Америци), четврти у низу Француских и индијанских ратова.

Рат за аустријско наслеђе
Ратови у новом веку
Ратови у Северној Америци
Историја САД (1607–1776)
Историја Канаде (1534–1763)
1744.
1745.
1746.
1747.
1748.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
July 20, 2019 July 20, 2019 Alanna McFall
Reading Resolution: "Raffles: The Amateur Cracksman by E.W. Hornung"
13. A collection of short stories: Raffles: The Amateur Cracksman by E.W. Hornung
List Progress: 21/30
It's been a while since I have read a collection of short stories all by the same author, even longer since I've read one all concerning the same characters. The characters of A.J. Raffles, a gentleman thief, and his assistant Bunny Manders are mainstays of classic British literature. This is partly because of the work itself and partly because of the context surrounding it: the author, E.W. Hornung, was brother-in-law to one Arthur Conan Doyle and the dynamic of Raffles and Bunny is a deliberate play off of Doyle's famous characters Sherlock Holmes and Dr. Watson. There is something very delightful in reading a classic near-parody from inside someone's own family, but thankfully the Raffles stories stand on their own. For the most part.
Some spoilers for the stories ahead.
The collection I read, Raffles: The Amateur Cracksman, is actually a compilation of the first two published collections of Raffles stories, The Amateur Cracksman and The Black Mask, published in 1899 and 1901 respectively. These contain the first 16 stories written by Hornung, and chronologically stretch from the character's first crime as a pair in the first story to Raffles' death in the final story. Later stories and one novel exist as sorts of mid-quels, slotting in between and around these sixteen. It feels important to note that most of the later stories fit around the first eight stories, largely considered the "classic" Raffles stories. Because therein lies the danger in parodying too closely to the target material.
The first eight stories follow a pretty standard, but very fun, dynamic, with Raffles and Bunny living as respectable gentlemen but working as thieves by night. However, at the end of the eighth story, "The Gift of the Emperor", they are both caught by the police onboard a ship, Bunny is arrested, and Raffles escapes into the sea but is presumed dead. This is a clear reference to Sherlock Holmes' death in the Conan Doyle story "The Adventure of the Final Problem". But while the lawful Holmes could be resurrected and returned to his normal format easily, a revealed Raffles could never exist in the same way he did before, even after dramatically returning. With him putting on a fake personality and Bunny carrying the weight of living as an ex-con, the later stories can never be the same, and that narrative discomfort is felt for a while. Lacking the daring adventures and flashy fun of the first stories, the back half of this collection can be a slog to get through at points. Sometimes you just can't mess with a good thing.
Aside from larger narrative concerns, a lot of people have issues with the characters of A.J. Raffles and Harry "Bunny" Manders, but this was actually an aspect of the stories that I enjoyed a great deal. Raffles is a terrible person, barely disguising deep disrespect and manipulation under charm, and Bunny knows he is being abused but goes along with it anyway because of a massive inferiority complex and a deep love for Raffles. It is a very unhealthy dynamic from every angle, but a fun one to read, and Bunny's first-person narration contains a lot of flavor and personality that I personally have never felt from Dr. Watson. (One could also write a full paper on queer readings of these stories, as some of Bunny's motivations genuinely don't make sense if he is not in love with Raffles. It is my reading that Raffles knows this and deliberately takes advantage of it.) Many consider this a bug, but I very much find it a feature.
Raffles is an antihero thief who manipulates and takes advantage of his devoted sidekick in order to steal from his peers in ostentatious ways. If that summary appeals to you, I would say definitely give the stories a shot, but if the inherent premise is not a draw, there won't be much more past that to entice a reader. Give Raffles a read if you're intrigued or curious, but you can afford to miss this one.
Would I Recommend It: A soft yes.
AJ Raffles
Bunny Manders
EW Hornung
Previous Listen to an excerpt from "Triple-C" on Pondo's Playground!
Next Callisto Crate's collection for "The Traveling Triple-C Incorporeal Circus"


text:
About Pak Group
LPPD Information Text
Hygiene and Medical Products Packaging
Industrial Products Packaging
Pre-press Services
Intermat Flexible Packaging
With its headquarters and factory in Istanbul, Intermat produces reliable flexible packaging for food, hygiene, medical, and industrial products and responds to all needs of its customers related to flexible packaging with superior service quality.
The common aspect of product groups on which Intermat specializes is the protection of products that have a direct impact on human health. Our flexible packaging product range used in the Food, Hygiene & Medical, and Industrial packaging provides the protection that your products need at the highest level.
Our services play a big role in ensuring that all our products produced are flawless in order to respond quickly to the specific needs of our customers. With the technical services we offer before or after production services, our customers also have the opportunity to engage in various improvement works related to packaging.
Intermat Flexible Packaging founded in 1989 to produce specialized packaging products for yeast producers, Intermat has specialized in flexible packaging used in the food, hygiene and medical industries, where the human health is at the center, in the following years.
Pak Group's humble beginnings started with the founding of Prof. Mustafa Nevzat Pharmaceutical Lab, Turkey's first Pharmaceutical Company, in 1923. Looking to diversify, in 1973, the Group extended its tradition of excellence into the food industry.
Our group considers protecting the environment and human health as its first priority in all production activities. In line with this understanding, our group carries out its environmental activities in accordance with TS EN ISO 14001:2004 Environmental Management System with continuous improvement.
In addition to numerous quality system standards which ensure that Intermat's products are produced at the highest quality continuously and consistently, Intermat ensures that its products operate at world standards in social, environmental, and individual domains through quality policies.
Here you can find information regarding the processing, storage, and transfer of personal data within the framework of our activities in relation to the Law on The Protection of Personal Data No. 6698 ("LPPD") and relevant legislation and regulations.
In accordance with article 1524 of the Turkish Commercial Code, you can access the electronic environment where the content published on our site is uploaded with a secure electronic signature and time stamp, the uploaded content is stored in a secure environment, is ready for access, and is securely archived.
Intermat Flexible Packaging meets the flexible packaging needs of the food, hygiene, and medical industries, where human health is the priority.
Copyright 2023 © Intermat Flexible Packaging. All rights reserved.
LPPD Cookies


The aim of this work was to verify the dynamic behavior of the masonry shell forming the backbone of the Basilica of S. Maria di Collemaggio, in L'Aquila (Italy), and then to compare it with the experimental results related to previous investigations of the ruinous earthquake of April 6th, 2009. This is with the intention of having an objective indication, in quantitative terms, with respect to the actual damage suffered by the construction and effectiveness of the provisional measures put in place immediately after the earthquake. Another aspect, not to be underestimated, was to envisage a method of investigation based solely on environmental noise as a source of excitation, and to highlight the advantages and potentiality for the experimental study of dynamic artifacts typologically similar to the one in question. In this case, the operational modal analysis can reasonably be defined as the investigation technique for excellence as the most immediate, expeditious and reliable. Future developments and implementations, based on the concept of configurations with transducers at a fixed location, will provide the highest and most effective contribution to the branch of health engineering.


Product ID: 260 SKU: 201512. Category: 2015 Issues. Tags: CGMagazine, Doom, Retro.
Retro and nostalgia properties dominate the popular culture, but how did these properties shape the media we know and love and what is next for the mediums. Featuring interviews with John Romero, Dan Adelman and Thierry Doizon from Laura Croft Go, this is an issue that looks back on how even as games have evolved, they still call back to their roots. Also including reviews of Star Wars Battlefront, Just Cause 3, Rainbow Six Siege, and Starcraft II: Legacy Of The Void.


text:
2018–19 sæsonen af Frauen-Bundesliga var den 30. sæson af Tysklands bedste række i kvindernes fodboldliga. Sæsonen kørte fra 17. august 2019 til 28. juni 2020.

Wolfsburg vandt deres fjerde titel i træk, mens Bayern München blev nummer to og begge fik avancement til UEFA Women's Champions League 2020-21. Derudover rykkede Jena og 1. FC Köln ned.

Deltagende hold

Stadioner

Stillingen

Topscorere

Referencer

Bundesliga (kvinder)
Fodboldsæson 2019-20


Troutrageous! Fly Fishing & Tenkara Blog: Merry Christmas!
No fishy photoshops this year, like THIS, THIS or THIS, just some Holiday wishes & cheer to all of my friends and readers out there.
Thanks for sticking around what was a fun, albeit far from a banner year for the blog. Really looking forward to bigger & better in 2017!
My second favorite Christmas movie.
Merry Christmas to the Agneta family...... Hope 2017 is remarkable for you all!
To you as well Mel!
Merry Christmas to you, KC and Lilly.
Thank you Howard, to you as well. My thoughts are with your family.
Hope your Christmas was great and squirrel-free!


The French 'ace' Charles Nungesser.
In November Lambe of Royal Navy Air Service obtains official authorization for two-wing bombing force in Dunkirk area.
Royal Flying Corps 5th Wing established in Egypt (Nos 14 and 17 Squadrons plus 'X' Aircraft Park).
Western Front: In November Nungesser joins Esc N65 near Nancy after first victory on unauthorized night sortie (Croix de Guerre and 8 days' detention); Second victory on November 28.
Sir J French's (BEF) 15 October 1915 Dispatch published: he attempts to cancel his responsibility for Loos failure by deliberately mistiming the hour he transferred the reserves into Haig's hands.
Champagne: German bombardment on front of 5 miles followed by regular attack by troops from Eastern Front.
Petain's report on failed offensive advocates attrition by artillery attacks before 3:1 decisive blow.
Colonel Knox estimates Russian strength at 650,000 infantrymen; 4,000 field-guns; 2,590 MGs; only 14 heavier guns per corps. Russian losses to date 4.36 million (1.74 million PoWs).
Western Russia: Battle of Dvinsk ends in stalemate.
Serbia: Serbs evacuate Kragujevac, blowing up arsenal and evading Mackensen's trap. 5,000 Serb troops hold Babuna Pass southeast of Uskub (Skopje) against Bulgars for a week.
Salonika: French 122nd Division (18,000 men) lands (ready November 8). In November the British Army daily newspaper The Balkan News begins published for duration of war.
Turkey: In November Turk Army at peak strength of 800,000 soldiers in 52 divisions.
Britain: Grey to McMahon: 'What we want is Arab help now against the Turks'.
South Africa offers infantry brigade, 2 battalions and 2 mounted regiments for East Africa.
Mediterranean: During November U-boats sink 44 Allied and neutral ships (only 23 British in all seas) totalling 152,882t, especially off Crete and Malta.
Baltic: Disturbances over food and officers in Russian battleship Gangut and cruiser Rurik at Helsinki, order soon restored (50 arrests). Both ships in minelaying operations near Gotland island on November 10-11.
Arctic: In November Royal Navy 7th Cruiser Squadron begins escorting convoys to White Sea (Archangel).
In November British Board of Invention and Research sends 3 scientists to Hawkcraig (Firth of Forth) to work on sound receivers, one listens to Royal Navy submarine with head in water (team moved to Harwich in November 1916).
France: In November R Benjamin's heroic war novel Gaspard published (150,000 copies), wins Prix Goncourt.
10,000 anonymous denunciations of supposed deserters from Front.
Britain: Telegraph charges up 3d to 9d per 12 words.


text:
Q: Flag interface insta-closes Okay, a seemingly very simple problem:
I go to any question anywhere on the network. I try to flag it. The first dialogue opens just fine:

Then, when I select the "it doesn't belong here, or it is a duplicate" option, it loads for a moment, then closes.
When I try again, I can select the option, but the subsequent dialogue doesn't show up, it is just stuck there with no indication of anything happening.

On the JS console, I get regular outputs of a connection error to ws://sockets-se.or.stackexchange.com/:

Firefox can't establish a connection to the server at ws://sockets-se.or.stackexchange.com/. @ https://meta.stackoverflow.com/content/js/full.js?v=b2fcf8c8b3aa:12

And when selecting the option on the dialogue, it reports an argument conversion error:

NS_ERROR_XPC_BAD_CONVERT_JS: Could not convert JavaScript argument arg 0 [nsIDOMWindow.getComputedStyle] @ http://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.7.1/jquery.min.js:4

The same pattern also occurs on Ask Ubuntu. Force-refreshing, restarting the browser and even booting to a different OS do not fix this.

In addition to this, we also have two reports of other users on Ask Ubuntu facing the same issue.

A: There may be a newline or two in the popup HTML, which creates a text node in the DOM. When switching the popups and thus fading out the old one, jQuery tries to fade out the text node. This doesn't end well in some browsers. I'm deploying a fix for this as we speak.

A: Can confirm that this also happens on SharePoint Exchange - I actually created a post on meta there before finding out this is a common issue on all sites. If anyone wants to have a look the link is here. I will try to edit this answer if we find out something.
Anyway, I have tried to see if the IE dev toolbar reports anything worth. Just after the pop up self-closes I saw this.

Right now I can't have a look at it, so I am leaving it there for the time begin.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


The most popular slot machine game in 2018! Spin in real Vegas Casino and Win Big with more than 20 slot machines. Lots of bonus and jackpots, just enjoy!
Now you can play real Vegas casino slots on your phone instead of going to Vegas. Whenever and wherever FREE! What you need to do is just a single tap to download and spin! Then you can enjoy the excitement and win the jackpot.
When you first login to Vegas Casino Slots, you could get 2,000,000 welcome bonuses. It helps you to play in your favorite slot machine and win big. Slot machines such as BUFFALO BATTLE, RHINO RUSH, TROVE OF PEARL, PANDA, PAPER CUTTING, PRINCESS OF JAGUAR, BEER CARNIVAL, NIGHT OF THE WOLF, DESERT TREASURE, WILD GREEN, SEASCAPE DIVING, CHILI CHILI, FLAME TO HEAVEN, MYSTERY OF MAYA are waiting for you!
2,000,000 Free coins as welcome bonus for you.
Grand jackpot in every slot machine waiting for you to win!
Free coins in every 1 hour and each time level up!
High payout with lots of feature games such as FREE SPIN, HOLD & RESPIN, RESPIN, BONUS GAMES.
All machines unlocked. Just choose your favorite one.
Connect to Facebook to collect 500,000 free coins.
Spin the wheel of fortune every day to get bonus.
This product is intended for use by those 21 or older for amusement purposes only. Practice or success at social casino gaming does not imply future success at real money gambling. The games do not offer "real money gambling" or an opportunity to win real money or prizes.


text:
El Kala is a district in El Taref Province, Algeria. It was named after its capital, El Kala. El Kala National Park is there.

Municipalities
The district is further divided into 4 municipalities:
El Kala
El Aïoun
Raml Souk
Souarekh

Districts of El Taref Province


text:
U.S. Borders
1776 Channel
Trump Rally Indiana ** Live Updates **
CNN broadcasts 'Hillary for Prison 2016' T-shirt at California Trump rally
Home U.S. 'America First': President Trump tours South Carolina Boeing 787 plant
'America First': President Trump tours South Carolina Boeing 787 plant
Friday, February 17, 2017 9:35 PM
FacebookTwitterGoogleReddit
(1776 CHANNEL) – February 17, 2017 – President Trump visited the Boeing 787 Dreamliner assembly plant in North Charleston, South Carolina on Friday.
Calling the Dreamliner "one beautiful airplane…an amazing piece of art" and "an amazing piece of work," the president appeared at home with a receptive crowd of Palmetto State Boeing workers who chanted "USA, USA, USA." During opening remarks reminiscent of his ongoing 'thank you' tour, President Trump reminded the audience that he won South Carolina by a landslide last November.
"We are here today to celebrate American engineering and American manufacturing" the president told the crowd. "We are also here today to celebrate jobs."
American manufacturing jobs have been a key focus of President Trumps economic and trade policy platforms since the early days of his campaign.
"You have heard me say it before and I will say it again. From now on, it's going to be America first" reiterated the president. President Trump's 'America First' platform has rattled globalists around the world, including the leaders of Communist China.
Although many components of Boeing's 787 Dreamliner are manufactured abroad by subcontractors, final assembly of the fuel-efficient wide body aircraft takes place in Everett, Washington and North Charleston, South Carolina.
"Our goal as a nation must be to rely less on imports and more on products made here in the U.S.A., right here in the U.S.A." emphasized the president.
Boeing assembly plant near birthplace of aviation
"It's amazing to think that a little over 113 years ago, next door, in North Carolina, Orville Wright was the first man sail the skies in a very little airplane" remarked the president.
Kitty Hawk, North Carolina, which like North Charleston, sits along the southeastern U.S. Atlantic coast, was the location of the historic twelve second flight of the "Wright Flyer" airplane. The wood and cloth craft was built by the Wright Brothers of Ohio, and launched mankind's age of aviation.
"That flight was a testament to the American spirit" reflected President Trump.
President Trump takes a tour of Boeing 787 Dreamliner plant
President Trump took a tour of the Boeing South Carolina's assembly plant. He was accompanied by members of his staff, including daughter Ivanka and son-in-law Jared Kushner.
Previous articleJafars' Abraaj Group paid Clinton Foundation; Jafars rewarded with Port Canaveral Gulftainer deal
Next articleWhistleblower Tapes: Trump Wiretapped "A Zillion Times" By 'The Hammer,' Brennan's and Clapper's Secret Computer System
https://1776channel.com
Alan Jones is an investigative journalist specializing in national security. His work has been published by WashingtonTimes.com, Breitbart News, Big League Politics, and additional media outlets.
Depend on 1776 Channel for breaking US and world news 24/7, video content, trailblazing investigative reports and exclusive interviews. 1776 Channel - Freedom of the Press Isn't Free.
Contact us: contact@1776channel.com
© 2012 - 2019 1776 Channel. All Rights Reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten, or redistributed.
Do you already like us on Facebook?
Do not ask me again for Facebook
Continue to the article »


text:
View previous (May 27, 2021)
View next (Jul 21, 2021)
Troubadour Provides Update on Status of Drill Results for Texas Gold Project
Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, June 17, 2021 – TROUBADOUR RESOURCES INC. (the "Company") (TSX VENTURE: TR) (OTC PINK: TROUF) is pleased to provide an update on the status of drill results from phase 1 drilling and announce plans to mobilize a geological crew to the Texas Gold project in the coming weeks.
Drill Result Update
All of the core samples from the Company's 2,090m phase 1 drill program are now at the analytical lab and being processed. Results are expected to be received in the next few weeks and will be released once received and compiled by Troubadour's geological team. The phase 1 drilling focused on the area of the Doorn and Cabin targets where exceptional grades were encountered in surface rock sampling.
The Company will be mobilizing a geological crew to the Texas project in the coming weeks to extend the known geophysical and geochemical corridor between the Doorn and Cabin targets. Work will focus on soil and rock sampling and a ground magnetometer survey to the north of the Cabin and south of the Doorn to extend data coverage and refine drill targeting in advance of a phase 2 drill program. The Doorn and Cabin remain the primary focus for the Company's exploration efforts.
"As we eagerly await results from phase 1 drilling, we are excited to get crews back to the Texas to complete necessary field work in advance of a phase 2 drill program. Extending the Cabin and Doorn targets will remain our primary focus in our upcoming phase 2 drilling," states Geoff Schellenberg, Company President.
About the Texas Project
The road accessible Texas property covers historical mineral showings and is located 3 km southwest of the town of Beaverdell and in close proximity to the past producing Beaverdell Mine1 that was in operation from 1896 to 1991. The property covers ground prospective for vein hosted and bulk tonnage precious metal deposits, based on at least seven historical and newly discovered gold occurrences on the property and geological comparisons with the nearby Beaverdell Mine1. Several showings are present on the property, including two old mines and many older trenches, pits and adits that expose mineralized veins. The Beaverdell mining camp is predominately known for its silver production and the presence of high-grade gold occurrences makes the Texas property unique and significantly more attractive.
1. Referenced nearby historic resources, deposits and mines provide geologic context for the Project, but are not necessarily indicative that the Project hosts similar potential, size or grades of mineralization.
Patrick McLaughlin, P. Geo., a Qualified Person as defined by NI 43-101, has verified the exploration data disclosed, including sampling, analytical and test data contained in the written disclosure, and has reviewed and approved the contents of this news release.
About Troubadour
TROUBADOUR RESOURCES INC. (TSX.V: TR) (OTC PINK: TROUF) is a public Canadian mining exploration company focused on copper and gold in British Columbia, Canada. The Company is managed by an experienced team consisting of youthful and seasoned professionals with proven track records as mine finders. The newly acquired Texas gold property diversifies the Company's commodity focus and compliments Troubadour's Amarillo copper project located 10 km south of the past-producing Brenda Mine in southern BC and 35 km east of Kodiak Copper's MPD discovery.


text:
Industrial AI in maintenance: false hopes or real achievements?
Artificial intelligence (AI) is an umbrella term for a set of technologies in which computer systems are programmed to exhibit complex behaviour in challenging environments. AI is regarded as the major force driving innovation today.
From an industrial point of view, AI technologies should be understood as methods and procedures that enable technical systems to perceive their environments through context and situation awareness. They are able to process what they have monitored and modelled, solve certain problems, find novel solutions never found by humans, make decisions, and learn from experience to be better able to manage the processes and tasks put under AI supervision, Figure 1.
Figure 1: Solution and knowledge extraction form asset data
Machine learning (ML) is one area of artificial intelligence used by industry. Machines need data to learn, either large quantities of data for one-time analytical purposes, or streams of data from which learning is continuously taking place. Based on acquired data either on line or off line, machine learning can reduce complexity and detect events or patterns, make predictions, or enable actions to be taken without explicit programming in the form of the usual 'if-then' routines or without classic automation and control engineering, Figure 2.
Figure 2: Roadmap from traditional automated process to Industrial AI
AI technologies are expected to increase the efficiency and effectiveness of industrial processes. The primary goals are to reduce costs, save time, improve quality, and enhance the robustness of industrial processes. However, AI is not as well-used in industry as we might expect, given its potential. Enormous changes and high costs are needed to integrate AI applications into corporate structures and along the entire value-added chain. At this point, AI applications tend to be found in the areas of robotics, knowledge management, quality control, and maintenance analytics shifting from traditional approaches to predictive ones.
A good field for AI in maintenance in industrial environments is the analysis and interpretation of sensor data, distributed throughout equipment and facilities. The Internet of Things (IoT), i.e. distributed data-suppliers and data-users capable of communicating with each other, is the basis for this use of AI. IoT acquires the data after pre-processing, records the status of all different aspects of the machines, and performs actions in process workflows on the basis of its analysis. Its central purpose is to identify correlations that are not obvious to humans to enable predictive maintenance (Figure 3), for example, when complex interrelated mechanical setting parameters have to be adjusted in response to fluctuating conditions in the environment to avoid compromising the asset's health.
Figure 3: Predictive maintenance supported by AI
Industrial AI's capacity to analyze very large amounts of high-dimensional data can change the current maintenance paradigm and shift from preventive maintenance systems to new levels. The key challenge, however, is operationalizing predictive maintenance, and this is much more than connecting assets to an AI platform, streaming data, and analyzing those data. By integrating conventional data such as vibration, current or temperature with unconventional additional data, such as audio and image data, including relatively cheap transducers such as microphones and cameras, Industrial AI can enhance or even replace more traditional methods. AI's ability to predict failures and allow planned interventions can be used to reduce downtime and operating costs while improving production yield. For example, AI can extend the life of an asset beyond what is possible using traditional analytics techniques by combining data information from designer and manufacturer, maintenance history, and Internet of Things (IoT) sensor data from end users, such as anomaly detection in engine-vibration data, images and video of engine condition. This information fusion during the lifecycle of the asset is called product lifecycle management (PLM).
Explainable AI in Maintenance
Advances in AI for maintenance analytics are often tied to advances in statistical techniques. These tend to be extremely complex, leveraging vast amounts of data and complex algorithms to identify patterns and make predictions. This complexity, coupled with the statistical nature of the relationships between input data that the asset provides, makes them difficult to understand, even for expert users, including the system developers, Figure 4. This makes explainability a major concern.
Figure 4: Engineers and data scientist must co-create the AI solution for maintenance together
While increasing the explainability of AI systems can be beneficial for many reasons, there are challenges in implementing explainable AI. Different users require different forms of explanation in different contexts, and different contexts give rise to different needs. To understand how an AI system works in the maintenance domain, users might wish to know which data the system is using, the provenance of those data, and why they were selected; how the model and prediction work, and which factors influence a maintenance decision; and why a particular output is obtained. To understand what type of explanation is necessary, careful stakeholder engagement and well-thought-out system design are both necessary as can be seen in figure 5.
Figure 5: architecture of explainable AI systems for maintenance decisions
There are various approaches to creating interpretable systems. Some AI is interpretable by design; these systems tend to be kept relatively simple. An issue with them is that they cannot get as much customization from vast amounts of data as more complex techniques, such as deep learning. This creates a performance-accuracy trade-off in some settings, and the systems might not be desirable for those applications where high accuracy is prized. In other words, maintainers must accept more black boxes.
In some AI systems – especially those using personal data or those where proprietary information is at stake – the demand for explainability may interact with concerns about privacy. In areas such as healthcare and finance, for example, an AI system might be analyzing sensitive personal data to make a decision or recommendation. In determining the type of explainability that is desirable in these cases, organizations using AI will need to take into account the extent to which different forms of transparency might result in the release of sensitive insights about individuals or expose vulnerable groups to harm.
In the area of maintenance, when the AI recommends a maintenance decision, decision makers need to understand the underlying reason. Maintenance analytics developers need to understand what fault features in the input data are guiding the algorithm before accepting auto-generated diagnosis reports, and the maintenance engineer needs to understand which abnormal phenomena are captured by the inference algorithm before following the repair recommendations.
One of the proposed benefits of increasing the explainability of AI systems is increased trust in the system. If maintainers understand what led to an AI-generated decision or recommendation, they will be more confident in its outputs. But the link between explanations and trust is complex. If a system produces convincing but misleading explanations, users might develop a false sense of confidence or understanding. They might have too much confidence in the effectiveness or safety of systems, without such confidence being justified. Explanations might help increase trust in the short term, but they do not necessarily help create systems that generate trustworthy outputs or ensure that those deploying the system make trustworthy claims about its capabilities.
Authors: Uday Kumar, Diego Galar and Ramin Karim, Luleå University of Technology
Galar, Diego, Pasquale Daponte, and Uday Kumar. Handbook of Industry 4.0 and SMART Systems. CRC Press, 2019.
Galar, Diego. Artificial intelligence tools: decision support systems in condition monitoring and diagnosis. Crc Press, 2015.
Galar, Diego, Uday Kumar, and Dammika Seneviratne. Robots, Drones, UAVs and UGVs for Operation and Maintenance. CRC Press, 2020.
R&D | 13.4.2020
Competence and Skills in the Era of Industry 4.0
R&D | 4.10.2021
"Siri for industry is on its way"
We are no longer surprised when we see people talking to Alexa or Siri in plain English. Having a digital industry assistant is only a matter of time. But first, we need a team effort to build a corpus!
One of the Keys to a Successful Reliability Implementation


text:
Actors Who Should Quit Being Action Heroes
AskMen Entertainment Media
Ten Actors Who Should Never, Ever Have Tried To Be Action Heroes
Philip Brown
Halle Berry became a star through a combination of astounding natural beauty, comedic spunk, and surprisingly deep acting chops when given the right role. At that point, she decided to go ahead and become an action star. That's when it all fell apart. There are many of her failed action performances that could potentially be picked apart. There's Swordfish, a movie that she brought a total of two decent things to. Or there are the X-Men movies in which she transformed the fan favorite Storm into a bland nothing with a peculiar taste for one-liners about frogs. However, the one movie that cemented Berry's death in the action star game was Catwoman. That movie took the greatest anti-heroine in comics and transformed her into a living joke. The flick isn't just bad, it's incompetent. It almost feels like a prank on the paying audience who will be rewarded with a refund and an appearance on Punk'd. But no, Berry's Catwoman is terrifyingly real and definitive proof that the actress should never ever step near an action movie again. Thankfully, the film failed badly enough that there's no danger of that even happening by accident.
Media 7 Ways to Celebrate Pride Online From Your Home This Year
Media Top 10 AskMen Articles of the 2010s
AskMen.com Through the Years
Are You Dating Someone With a Social Media Addiction?
Why You Should Include Your Partner in Social Media, According to Science
Stephen King Slams Media: 'My Wife Is Rightly Pissed'
Americans Are Streaming Shows Set in Their States


Conveniently located at the corner of Chapman & Batavia.
We're just a few blocks west from the Historic Orange Circle.
KEY DROP OFF: Located on entrance door on Batavia side (upper left side). Please leave key and note.
Emergency? Need to reach us after closing hours?


This website is independent and non-profit and all rights belong to the their respective owners. Please send me a message if you find any errors on the website, have suggestions for more artists or anything else. God bless!


text:
IT Performances
CYBEROO Contact
We are Disruptive. We are Expert. We are Trustworthy.
Cyberoo supports your Business with digital expertise and international resources that are yours for the taking.
Via Brigata Reggio, 37 – 42124
Spaces Isola
Via Pola, 11 – 20124
Lodi (Cornegliano L.)
Via Toscana, 40/42 – 26854
Via del Verme, 33 – 29121
Write us to request a demo, to learn more o to get to know us better.
I agree Privacy terms and conditions.
Cyberoo S.p.A. – HQ: via Brigata Reggio, 37 – 42124 Reggio Emilia (RE).
Registered Capital € 988.238,30 i.v. Fiscal Code and VAT number 04318950286 – R.E.A. RE 288453 – PEC amministrazione@pec.cyberoo.com
Gianluca Settepani was born in Ravenna on January 25, 1970. He graduated in Economics and Commerce at the University of Bologna. He is a Chartered Accountant registered with the Order of Bologna since 1995 and with the Register of Auditors since 1999. In 1999 he began his collaboration with Studio Gnudi Professional Association and has been a member since 2007. He mainly deals with corporate, accounting and tax consultancy, extraordinary transactions (mergers, demergers, contributions), debt restructuring plans and assistance in the preparation of ITA GAP and IAS financial statements.
He was a member of the teaching staff at the University of Bologna of the advanced training course "Institutional and economic relations ITA-USA". He is a member of the management committee of the Master in Administration, Finance and Control at Alma Graduate School in Bologna and was a member of the Direct Taxes Commission of the Order of Chartered Accountants of Bologna. He was President of the Research Commission "Innovazione delle Imprese – industria 4.0", at the Order of Chartered Accountants of Bologna.
He is honorary representative of the American Chamber of Commerce in Italy for Emilia-Romagna. He is president of the study commission at the Order of Chartered Accountants of Bologna, "Industry 4.0".
He collaborates for the newspapers: Il Sole 24 Ore, Milano Finanza and Italia Oggi and publishes articles for the magazines Giustizia Tributaria, Giurisprudenza Tributaria, Bollettino Tributario, la Rivista delle Operazioni Straordinarie, Crisi e Risanamento, Iposa and Giuffrè.
Veronica Leonardi was born in Correggio, on July 23, 1989. Veronica Leonardi graduated in Management Engineering at the Politecnico di Milano and completed her studies with a MSc in Marketing and Communication at SDA Bocconi. She has carried out several important brand management and trade marketing projects for several companies such as L'Oreal, Pirelli and Magneti Marelli, which have allowed her to strengthen her knowledge in the world of marketing. In 2014 she held the role of Web Marketing Consultant in LYB and in 2016 she joined Henkel div. Beauty Care as Marketing Specialist, where she took care of the Launch Plans of the division's main products. She joined Cyberoo in 2018 as CMO.
Fabio Leonardi was born in Modena on November 7, 1962. Fabio Leonardi began his entrepreneurial career in 1991 becoming a shareholder of SEDOC and a member of its board of directors. He made a decisive contribution to the company's growth both organically and through M&As. Fabio Leonardi held the role of Sales Director, General Manager and Managing Director of SEDOC Digital Group. In 2011 he was one of the main promoters of the SEDOC's MBO operation, which allowed the acquisition of the Group from the MBFG curatorship. Subsequently, he carried out a series of important and virtuous extraordinary operations that allowed the Group to develop its core business activities. Today he is Chairman of SEDOC Digital Group and its subsidiaries.
Massimo Bonifati was born on January 30, 1967 in Brescia. Massimo Bonifati graduated in business economics at the University of Verona and completed his managerial training at SDA Bocconi in Milan. After an experience as an administrative manager in the ceramic sector, he worked for 10 years as Project Manager for Finance Information Systems and became the director of For Consulting Srl, providing consulting services to major companies operating in Italy and abroad. In 2005 he started working with SEDOC and today he is CEO and CFO of the SEDOC Group. He was directly involved in the MBO operation and he coordinated the technical and administrative aspects of all the extraordinary operations carried out by the Group.
Claudia Peri was born in Bologna on February 7, 1977 and graduated in Economics and Commerce. She is a chartered accountant registered with the Bologna Bar since 2006 and with the Register of Statutory Auditors since 2007. From 2002 to 2005 she worked in the auditing branch at a leading international auditing firm. He attended the master in tax law of the Business School of "Il sole 24 Ore" and in 2005 he began a collaboration with Studio Gnudi. He mainly deals with corporate, accounting and tax consultancy, extraordinary transactions (mergers, demergers, contributions) and assistance in the preparation of financial statements.
Alberto Ventura was born in Bologna on November 15, 1990. He graduated in Economics. He has been a chartered accountant since February 2018 and collaborates with the Gnudi firm.
From January 2014 to February 2015 he collaborated with K Studio Associato, Member Firm of the KPMG network. From February 2015 to February 2018 he collaborated with Studio Pirola Pennuto Zei & Associati.
Mariangela Rossetti was born in Bologna on March 20, 1971. She graduated in Economics and Commerce from the University of Bologna in 1997. She is licensed to practice as a chartered accountant at the University of Bologna in 2003 and is enrolled in the Register of Chartered Accountants and Accounting Experts of Bologna in the same year. She is registered in the Register of Statutory Auditors established at the Ministry of Justice in 2005. Since May 1997 she has collaborated with Studio Gnudi in Bologna, first as an accountant and then as a freelancer.
Mara Lugli was born in Formigine on July 13, 1953.
After completing his studies, he worked at a Modena company until 1986, gaining excellent experience up to the position of administrative manager.
From 1989 to 1994 he worked at a Modena Accounting Firm, where he gained experience in various sectors.
She is registered in the Register of Chartered Accountants and Accounting Experts of Modena since 1996 under no. 560 / A and in the Register of Statutory Auditors from 1999 to no. 76067.
He carries out his professional activity on a personal basis for various joint-stock companies and partnerships, sole proprietorships and professionals, gaining experience of various kinds, in the various fields of accounting, tax and tax consultancy, accounting consultancy, tax returns, corporate transactions various kinds, preparation of tax returns, auditing, assistance in tax disputes, appraisals, chamber and administrative services for craft, commercial and industrial companies.
Alessandro Viotto was born in Udine on 19 September 1981.
He has been enrolled in the Rome Bar since March 2013. Founder of the Viotto Law Firm based in Udine and Rome. He has assisted companies and investment funds (SGR) in the ordinary legal consultancy activity. In the commercial law sector he has dealt with extraordinary transactions, M&A (in particular leverage buy out), restructuring procedures, composition agreements, insolvency procedures, the organization of business models, models for Law 231 and the drafting of shareholder agreements. Until September 2018 he held the position of independent director in various Boards of Directors. He has personally followed many tenders, some also for the construction of complex infrastructures (ports and airports) and has played the role of advisor in finance projects pursuant to art. 183 of the procurement code. In the 2015-2016 two-year period, on behalf of the SIREI platform, he carried out consultancy activities for the implementation of two infrastructure urbanization operations, interacting directly with the governments of Cameroon and Morocco. Author of economics writings for the Bruno Leoni Institute in Milan.
Renzo Bartoli was born in Reggio Emilia (RE) on 22 October 1952.
Graduated as an Accountant in 1972, in 1990 he was appointed Official Auditor and subsequently registered in the Register of Statutory Auditors held by the MEF.
Since 2003 he has been enrolled in the Order of 118 Labor Consultants of Reggio Emilia.
Over the years he has participated in countless training courses in tax and other matters and in various masters in the field of both national and international accounting standards (IAS / IFRS) and recently in courses on new accounting standards.
In the years 1970-1974 he was employed in a commercial company, from 1974 to 1976 in an industrial company and from 1976 to 1979 he worked as an officer in a banking institution.
From 1980 to 1983 he was a member of the Board of Directors of a commercial company licensee of a famous brand of a German multinational.
Since 1983 he has been practicing freelance in an Associated Firm that deals with tax, legal and labor consultancy (Bartoli & Arveda Professional Association) in Reggio Emilia.
He has held and holds administration and control roles in various companies both nationally and part of international groups.
Marco Orlandi was born in Castelnovo Né Monti on April 26, 1975.
Having acquired the technical diploma, he gained over twenty years of experience as a computer technician within the Sedoc group, covering over the years a growing role of coordination and team leader thanks to his knowledge and technical skills. As of the Admission Document Date, he holds the position of IT Operations Manager at CYBEROO.
Davide Cignatta was born in Castel San Giovanni (PC) on 11 May 1980. Following his training in the IT sector, he builds his background in the service area where he acquires specific skills by designing and implementing network infrastructures. In 2001 he began his entrepreneurial career and entered the capital of Oversystem Computer Service where he held the position of Director and Sales Director. In 2005 with the acquisition of Oversystem by Sedoc Digital Group S.r.l. and with the subsequent integration with Gamma Servizi he gradually took on increasingly important tasks until he became Sales Director of Sedoc Digital Group S.r.l. As of the Admission Document Date, he is a shareholder and director of Sedoc Digital Group S.r.l., as well as Brand Ambassador of the related group.


I am charming, have a good sense of humour, energetic and enthusiastic :) Getting new experience and meeting new people is the way of my life. Being communictive I can get along with any person in the world :) I am pretty and rather natural. Faleseness is not for me. My friends tell that I am reliable and understanding. So I always try to help everyone in a difficult minute of life. My heart is kind and full of positive emotions.


Our mission is to inspire, teach and train recent dental graduates to levels beyond those taught in dental school. We seek out individuals who have a passion for learning and want to increase their skill-sets both clinically and academically. We strive to have our residents provide exception patient care through both clinic training and academic excellence.


This fascinating fictional account will introduce the reader to key ideas in social and political philosophy. It presents crucial skills of philosophical investigation in an accessible, rigorous and light-hearted way. The novel is funny, informative and entertaining, allowing the reader to experience often complex ideas from the 'inside' by using skills they will have acquired, unconsciously, from films, TV and novels. The reader will learn about freedom, responsibility, justice and fairness and see how these are played out in the different utopian futures of a range of socio-political regimes.This work of fiction covers the following philosophies: Market Liberal; Marxist/Communist; Communitarian/Republican; Moral Conservative; Egalitarian/Socialist; Social Democratic; Feminist; and Ecological.


text:
Razer to IPO in Hong Kong on Nov 13; gaming tech firm could be valued at up to S$6.2b
SINGAPORE - Gaming tech firm Razer is seeking to raise up to US$545 million (S$743 million) through an initial public offering (IPO) in Hong Kong that could value the company at up to US$4.55 billion. Razer, which is on a roadshow until Nov 6, has ... ( read original story ...)
Prince Charles and Camilla kick off Asia tour in Singapore
SINGAPORE -- Prince Charles and his wife, Camilla, were welcomed to Singapore on Tuesday, the first stop of an 11-day trip to strengthen ties between Britain and Asian countries. They received a ceremonial welcome on their arrival to the Southeast Asian ... ( read original story ...)
Singapore's pessimistic electronics makers point to slowdown
SINGAPORE (Nikkei Markets) -- Electronics manufacturers in Singapore have turned bearish about prospects in the next few months, indicating the industry's rapid expansion is coming to an end after several quarters of stellar growth. Nevertheless, overall ... ( read original story ...)
Razer to IPO in Hong Kong on Nov 13; gaming tech firm could be valued at up to US$4.55b
DBS to re-skill 1,500 bank staff in its own professional conversion programme
SINGAPORE - In a move to help employees sharpen their competitiveness and deepen their skillset, DBS Bank will proactively re-skill 1,500 employees over the next 18 months under a scheme known as Professional Conversion Programme (DBS PCP). Extolling this ... ( read original story ...)
UOB Malaysia launches mobile banking app
has launched UOB Mighty, a mobile banking app that enables customers to turn their smartphones into electronic wallets and enjoy great dining deals in Malaysia, Singapore and Thailand. In a statement today, UOB Malaysia said the app allowed customers to ... ( read original story ...)
Singapore opens new, high-tech airport terminal
Singapore's Changi Airport opened a cutting-edge terminal Tuesday with a fully automated check-in system including facial scanning and computerised baggage drop points, but some passengers struggled with the new technology. Terminal 4, built at a cost of ... ( read original story ...)
Sesto Robotics, located in Singapore, plans to expand internationally after raising $5.7 million 17/01/2022
Free Fire World Series (FFWS) 2022 will take place in Sentosa Island, Singapore 17/01/2022
863 new Covid-19 cases in Singapore; 675 Omicron infections confirmed 17/01/2022
Singapore universities may add places if Covid-19 disruptions bite 17/01/2022
Singapore: Inflation pressures could delay GST hike to January 2023, economists say 16/01/2022
Loh Kean Yew stumbles in India Open final, but Singapore mixed doubles duo find joy 16/01/2022
Badminton: Singapore's world champion Loh Kean Yew loses in India Open final 16/01/2022
Loh Kean Yew loses in India Open final; Singapore duo wins mixed doubles crown 16/01/2022


Awww I could never get fed up with you!
Of course! We have an obsession with the word 'FACE' so we added 'FACE' into all of our names. I'm 'FACE!' and the rest are pretty self-explanatory. Val is paintedxFACE and Jessie is FACE DNA.
I'm still very confused, but thanks for the explanation! Why face? I think I might have to start using "mcFACE"
Hi Katie. How are you?
Is it just me or is there a overflow of "FACE" icons on this thread? Thanks for the explanation, I was wondering about that as well.
Count von Count is cool And he's a vampire of course.
So has anyone heard of CiCi's pizza?
Rodney and I ordered pizza last night, yummy!
I'm trying to talk my Dad into getting hotdogs & nachos for us to eat tomorrow in honour of the Superbowl.


text:
The Soviet Military's Eerily Detailed Guide to San Diego
During the Cold War, the Soviet military mapped the entire world in one of the most ambitious mapping projects ever undertaken (see this feature article for more about these amazing maps, and the unlikely group of scholars trying to figure out how they were made—and why). The maps are fascinating to look at, and for those of us who grew up during the paranoid days of the Cold War, seeing your hometown covered in cyrillic text is a bit unsettling.
But the Soviets didn't stop at just making some of the most accurate and detailed maps of the day. Some of the medium scale maps of include extremely detailed descriptions of the area–everything from the load-bearing capacities of bridges to the paving materials of the roads. (Yes, comrade, they will accommodate your tanks!)
In the US, the Soviets mapped many cities down to the level of individual buildings. In some ways, these maps surpass the ones our own government produced. Soviet maps of US Navy installations in San Diego, for example, include details not shown on maps made by the US Geological Survey around the same time.
The Soviet map of San Diego also comes with a long block of text. Intrigued, we had it translated, and it is published below in English for the first time.
It includes information about the terrain and climate: During the dry season (June to September), almost all rivers dry up, and in spring, during rainfalls, they turn into impetuous impassable torrents. There is information about the transportation and telecommunications grids. The length of airport runways and depth of waterways are noted, as are the products of local farms and factories. There is information about the local Navy and Marine installations (not surprising), as well as information about which are the nice parts of town (somewhat more surprising): The streets and intra-block sites are lined with shrubbery.
The amount of detail suggests the maps were intended for more than just military planning. It seems like information that could come in handy during an occupation. Or, as Alexander Kent, a geographer who's studied the maps thinks, the Soviets may have used the maps, in an era before computers, as a way to organize what they knew about the world both inside and outside their borders.
English translation of the text from the 1980 Soviet map of San Diego:
As several commenters have noted, this translation is pretty rough. If we get corrections from native Russian speakers, we'll try to add a corrected version in the future.
GENERAL. San Diego is a city in the south-east of the USA, California. Together with numerous inter-grown suburbs and satellite towns (Coronado, National City, Imperial Beach, etc.), San Diego is a major US defense center and an important industrial hub; it hosts the main national naval and air force base on the Pacific Coast. The City is a transit point for 2 railroads and 4 motor roads (including two transcontinental highways: T6 San Diego – Vancouver and T15 San Diego – Let-Bridge, the latter one is not shown on the map). San Diego is a major seaport and an international airport. It is located on San Diego Bay coast of the Pacific Ocean, 150 km southward from Los Angeles, on the US-Mexican border.
Tijuana, a city in the northwestern part of Mexico on the US border in Baja California, is an industrial and trade center and a junction of motor roads and railroads. The city is approached by 2 railways and 3 highways.
The population of San Diego is 745 thousand people, or 1.6 million people in the metropolitan area (1974); its area is ca. 600 sq. km; the built-up area within the bounds of the city is ca. 400 sq. km. The population of Tijuana is 412 thousand people, or 458 thousand people in the metropolitan area (1976); its area is ca. 70 sq. km.
URBAN TERRITORY. The street layout in the cities is rectangular or similar, oriented in various directions; in some areas, the street pattern is sporadic (matching the landscape). The urban area is densely built-up (downtown San Diego is built-up completely), the suburbs are built-up sparsely. The main streets in both cities are straight and broad (30 to 60 m), the rest of the streets are much narrower (15 to 20 m). The streets and squares have asphalt-concrete and asphalt pavement. The main squares and crossroads are provided with multilevel junctions; there are also overpasses and tunnels. In the suburbs of San Diego situated on the slopes of hills and in the hollows, there are many narrow (up to 10 m wide) and crooked streets, some of them sloping steeply. In the central area of the cities, 3- to 6-storey brick buildings prevail, in San Diego of modern architecture, while in Tijuana of old Spanish architecture; in San Diego, there are many high-rise building built of glass and concrete. Outside the central business districts, the buildings have mostly 2 to 4 storeys, whereas closer to the suburbs and in the suburbs they have 1 to 3 storeys, often of the cottage type. The administrative and business center of San Diego is located to the south-west of Balboa Park (Item 14). Here, the municipality building (Item 47), the seat of San Diego County administration (Item 77), the general post office (Item 52), the court (Item 71), the Chamber of Commerce (Item 49), offices of trade and industrial firms, banks (Item 13-14), shopping malls, places of entertainment and hotels are located. The most comfortable residential quarters in San Diego are located to the north of Balboa Park, while the poor people live in the southern and eastern parts of the city. The industrial facilities are concentrated mainly within the coastal area along San Diego Bay. The administrative and business center of Tijuana is located to the south-west of the checkpoint (Item 54). Here, there is the municipality building (Item 48), the police department (Item 75) and the financial department (Item 76), as well as a number of other establishments. The cities have lots of greenery: there are large areas dedicated to parks, mini-parks and lawns. San Diego incorporates 27 parks of the total area of 9.4 sq. km, where Balboa Park is the largest (5.6 sq. km). The streets and intra-block sites are lined with shrubbery. The City of San Diego hosts two universities (Items 73 & 74), the Institute of Oceanography and a number of higher educational institutions and research centers (including Item 78). There are such training centers there as the Naval Center (Item 80), Marine Corps Center (Item 82), Pacific Navy Air Defense Center (Item 83), and the Navy Electronic Equipment Laboratory (Item 45). San Diego accommodates the headquarters of the 11-th Naval District (Item 84) and the Pacific Navy Surface Forces (Item 85).
INDUSTRY AND TRANSPORTATION FACILITIES. Over 200 industrial facilities are concentrated in San Diego and its suburbs. The leading industries belong to the machinery manufacturing sector. Amongst them, most noteworthy are aerospace manufacturing, electronics, electrical engineering and shipbuilding. Aircraft and missile factories produce jet engines, rocket and space system components and parts, intercontinental ballistic missiles, fighter interceptors and army cargo aircraft. The electronic and electrical engineering factories produce electronic equipment and components for rockets and space systems, special space tracking antennas, electric measuring equipment, etc. The shipyards and ship-repair yards build and repair merchant ships and warships. There are nuclear industry factories, metalworking industry factories, chemical factories, woodworking factories and printing factories. Food industry is also well developed (vegetable-and-fruit processing industry, fishing industry, brewery, etc.). In the southern area of San Diego Bay, there are salt mines. The important military industry facilities include aerospace manufacturing factories (Items 21 to 24, 27-32), a nuclear factory (Item 53), electronic and electrical engineering factories (Items 20, 33 to 36, 44), ship-building yards (Items 40 & 41), a ship-repair yard (Item 39), chemical factories (Items 42 & 43), a metalworking factory (Item 25), and a steelwork factory (Item 38). The industry of Tijuana focuses on processing of the local farm produce. The most developed industries are food industry, tobacco industry, ginnery industry and light industry. Most of the factories are affiliated to US companies.
The cities are major trans-shipment and transit points on the US-Mexican border. There are ca. 10 railway stations. The largest passenger and freight station (Item 69) has a developed rail track network and warehouses, as well as elevated loading and unloading sites.
The main facilities of the naval base (Item 65) are located to the south of the commercial harbor. The total length of the mooring berths of the base is 17.3 km, the depth near the births varies between 6 and 11 m. The base site accommodates barracks, armament depots (Item 63), POL storage facilities (Item 64), as well as the technical and food supplies center (Item 79). There are access rail lines running to the mooring berths and storage facilities.
Naval Amphibious Base Coronado (Items 9 & 10) have mooring berths and a roadstead which admit moorage of small landing ships and other landing craft; there are barracks, training blocks and warehouses. On the western coast of North San Diego Bay, there is a submarine base (Item 11).
Lindbergh Field International Airport (Item 3) has two concrete-paved runways, 2865 m and 1375 m long, and is provided with up-to-date plant and equipment, which ensure round-the-clock safety of flights even under adverse weather conditions. The airport has aircraft maintenance and repair facilities, storage facilities and auxiliary buildings and facilities.
Marine Corps Air Station Miramar (Item 7) is provided with three concrete-paved runways, 3048 m, 2438 m and 1828 m long.
Full article: The Soviet Military's Eerily Detailed Guide to San Diego (Wired)
This entry was posted in Axis Powers, Espionage, Military, Military Technology, National Security & Terrorism, Politics, Soviet Union, USA, War and tagged Alexander Kent, Baja California, Balboa Park, California, chemical factories, Cold War, Coronado, freight stations, Hoover Dam, Imperial Beach, industry, Los Angeles, major U.S. defense center, manufacturing factories, Mexico, National City, naval bases, naval installations, Navy Electronic Equipment Laboratory, nuclear factories, Pacific Navy Air Defense Center, rail track networks, San Diego, San Diego Bay, San Diego Chamber of Commerce, shipment points, Soviet map, The Soviet Military's Eerily Detailed Guide to San Diego, Tijuana, transit points, transportation facilities, U.S. Marine Corps, U.S. Pacific Fleet, U.S.-Mexican border, United States, urban territory, US Navy installations, Vancouver, War, warehouses. Bookmark the permalink.
China & Russia align strategies against US: Global Times
Russia's National System of Payment Cards, American Express agree on Mir co-badged card