text:
Analyse the New Path Weight Using Hop By Hop Routing Mesh Networks
Sangeetha. C1 and Rajkumar. S2
PG Scholar, Department of CSE, K.S.Rangasamy College of Technology, India
Assistant Professor, Department of CSE, K.S.Rangasamy College of Technology, , India
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Wireless Mesh Network (WMN) has become an important edge network to provide Internet access to remote areas and wireless connections in a metropolitan scale .The problem of identifying the maximum available bandwidth path a fundamental issue in supporting quality-of-service in WMNs. Due to interference among links, bandwidth, a well-known bottleneck metric in wired networks, is neither concave nor additive in wireless networks. The proposed system a new path weight which captures the available path bandwidth information. Formally prove that our hop-by-hop routing protocol based on the new path weight satisfies the consistency and loop-freeness requirements. The consistency property guarantees that each node makes a proper packet forwarding decision, so that a data packet does traverse over the intended path. Our extensive simulation experiments also show that our proposed path weight outperforms existing path metrics in identifying high-throughput paths.
Wireless meshes networks, QoS routing, proactive hop-by-hop routing, distributed algorithm.
Wireless mesh network (WMN) consists of a large number of wireless nodes. The nodes form a wireless overlay to cover the service area while a few nodes are wired to the Internet. As part of the Internet, WMN has to support diversified multimedia applications for its users. It is essential to provide efficient Quality-of-Service (QoS) support in this kind of networks [1]. Seeking the path with the maximum available bandwidth is one of the fundamental issues for supporting QoS in the wireless mesh networks. The available path bandwidth is defined as the maximum additional rate a flow can push before saturating its path [2]. Therefore, the traffic rate of a new flow on a path is no greater than the available bandwidth of this path accepting the new traffic will not violate the bandwidth guaranteed of the existing flows. This paper focuses on the problem of identifying the maximum available bandwidth path from a source to a destination, which is also called the Maximum Bandwidth Problem (MBP). MBP is a sub problem of the Bandwidth-Constrained Routing Problem (BCRP).In amount of available bandwidth [3]. Routing algorithms can be deterministic or adaptive. With deterministic routing only one path is provided for every source-destination pair of nodes. On the other hand, adaptive routing is able to provide alternative paths to route messages. Usually, adaptive routing improves network performance, since it avoids congested regions in the network. Routing algorithms are carefully designed to avoid deadlocks. A deadlock occurs in an interconnection network when no message is able to advance toward its destination because they become involved in a cycle of resource requests that cannot be satisfied because these resources are held by other messages. A simple and effective approach to avoid deadlocks consists of restricting routing so that there are no cyclic dependencies between channels. Routing has significant impact on overall network's performance as it can enhance the capability of communication system. Further, it is known that ideal routing system follow optimum shortest path. For this purpose different algorithms were proposed and are still under research for more enhancements. Some of these algorithms are implemented at network layer where a selected cost is assigned to each link and a shortest path algorithm is used to find either minimal cost path or minimal length path.
Networks of workstations (NOWs) are being considered as a cost-effective alternative to small and medium scale parallel computing. This is mainly due to the increasing computing power of microprocessors and the high cost of parallel computers. The performance of NOWs is closely related to the advances in the interconnection network. Originally, the interconnection of NOWs was based on local area networks (LANs). LANs have rapidly progressed to high-speed networking by applying the technologies previously proposed for the interconnection networks of parallel computers. NOWs are usually arranged as switch-based networks, which consist of a set of switches, each having several ports. Some ports are either connected to different workstations or left open, whereas the remaining ports are connected to ports belonging to other switches. Switch design must be flexible enough to support any topology with degree bounded by the number of switch ports. This flexibility allows users to decide the network connectivity. The layout of the network can consist of regular or irregular topologies. Regular topologies are often used when performance is the primary concern. This is the case when we have to design a large cluster of workstations to run computation intensive programs. The network would fit in a single room and the switches would be in a cabinet. However, the layout of a LAN network is usually spread across entire buildings where the physical locations of the hosts do not follow any regular pattern. The resulting topologies are referred to as irregular topologies. Routing can be based on source routing or distributed routing. In the former case, routing tables are used at each host to obtain the port sequence for each message, which is placed in the message header. In the latter case, switches require routing tables.
NETWORK MODEL
A packet network, which sends data by dividing several blocks with specified length called a "packet". The network consists of nodes, links, and buffers. Each packet is transmitted to the destination nodes through several nodes. Fig.1 illustrates a model of link selections. Each node can know only its state in run-time without delay, and previously knows a topology of the network. Each link has a corresponding buffer, and arrival packets wait in the buffer and are transmitted to the next node by first-in first-out (FIFO) control. Routing is done without establishing the connection, that is, the network is of a connectionless type.
Each packet is classified into an agent group according to its destination. Each outgoing link is regarded as a resource. In each node, each packet selects a link. This model has conflicts among groups of packets (agents) over links which are common resources. Thus it is considered as a resource selection problem in a multi-agent system. Each arrived packet probabilistically selects a link at each node according to the selection rate, which is given by each group of packet. This routing is accomplished at each node independently. Each group of agents has a common value criterion (payoff function). In the network, packets have different value criteria about their link selection if their destination nodes are different. So there are several groups of agents corresponding to the destination.
The following methods are considered,
STATIC ROUTING
Each packet is transmitted to the destination node based on the shortest path about the minimum number of hops determined in advance. If a packet has some minimum hop routes, it selects a link among them at random.
ADAPTIVE ROUTING
A search of the shortest path is made based on the evaluation of the link length. Numerous adaptive routing algorithms which are common in traditional networking are being adapted for use in inter-processor communications. Although this method has numerous advantages, the overhead in terms of speed and node size has thus far been prohibitive in the approach's success. Future system-on-chips as well as network-on-chips may implement a form of such a routing algorithm but not as a central feature.
DISTRIBUTED ROUTING
In distributed routing each node receives some information about the network from its adjacent nodes and uses the information to determine the manner in which it forwards its traffic. This thesis gives three examples of distributed routing in a data communication network. A routing algorithm is then given where a generalized distributed routing procedure proposes a flow change and a central node determines the optimal scale of the proposed change. The communication subsystem plays a key role in modern high-performance computing systems. This subsystem is usually based on a point-to-point switch-based technology, and should not only ensure high levels of performance, but must also be highly robust and easily available. In recent years, some different technologies have emerged, based on distributed routing or source routing or Advanced Switching Interconnect.
In these environments, after the occurrence of a topological change such as the failure or aggregation of a network component, a new routing function, which is appropriate to the resulting topology, must be obtained and uploaded in the routing elements. The change assimilation process is typically performed by a centralized management entity, which is called mapper or subnet manager or fabric manager. More specifically, once the manager detects the change, it first has to collect information about all active devices, endpoints and switches are physically connected to the fabric. After that, a new set of paths for packet delivery among endpoints must be established. The last phase involved in the change management process consists in replacing the old routing function by the new one. The problem of finding the shortest path (SP) from a single source to a single destination in a graph arises as a sub problem to many broader problems, including routing in computer networks.
CENTRALIZED ROUTING
Centralized routing model is a model of routing in which routing is done at the center using a centralized database. In other words, the routing table is kept to a single "central" node, which should be consulted when other nodes makes a routing decision. This central database has a global network view. Centralized routing is considered to be the most correct in the specific areas with systems providing DWDM (Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing) transmission. This is because these DWDM systems contain OADM (the Optical Add-drop Multiplexer) that can be reconfigured in the beginning and the end point of the medium of communication. Proponents of centralized routing suggest that because most information such as details of SRLG (Shared Risk Link Group) and performance parameters do not change often (and these information can never be discovered or self-reported), they are ideal to be accumulated in a central database. In a centralized model, status information can easily be accessed. Thus, the dependency information (regarding routing) between the circuits (to ensure diversity exists) can be manipulated relatively easily when the terminal is not shared between the circuits and is ideal for a model of centralized routing. The centralized model uses global information public. Calculations that are done (like the pre-computer to restore trails) can be highly benefited from the global information and thus is suitable for a centralized model. Global centralized routing is sometimes called "God" routing; it is a special implementation that walks the simulation topology and runs a shortest path algorithm, and populates each node's routing tables. No actual protocol overhead (on the simulated links) is incurred with this approach. It does have a few constraints:
• Wired only: It is not intended for use in wireless networks.
• Unicast only: It does not do multicast.
• Scalability: Some users of this on large topologies (e.g. 1000 nodes) have noticed that the current implementation is not very scalable. The global centralized routing will be modified in the future to reduce computations and runtime performance.
Presently, global centralized IPv4 unicast routing over both point-to-point and shared (CSMA) links is supported. By default, when using the ns-3 helper API and the default Internet Stack Helper, global routing capability will be added to the node, and global routing will be inserted as a routing protocol with lower priority than the static routes (i.e., users can insert routes via Ipv4StaticRouting API and they will take precedence over routes found by global routing). This section is for those readers who care about how this is implemented. A singleton object (Global Route Manager) is responsible for populating the static routes on each node, using the public Ipv4 API of that node. It queries each node in the topology for a "global Router" interface. If found, it uses the API of that interface to obtain a "link state advertisement (LSA)" for the router. Link State Advertisements are used in OSPF routing, and we follow their formatting. The Global Route Manager populates a link state database with LSAs gathered from the entire topology. Then, for each router in the topology, the Global Route Manager executes the OSPF shortest path first (SPF) computation on the database, and populates the routing tables on each node.
SOURCE ROUTING
Source routing is a method that can be used to specify the route that a packet should take through the network. In source routing the path through the network is set by the source or a device that tells the network source the desired path. It is assumed that the source of the packet knows about the layout of the network and can specify the best path for the packet. Usually network routing is used on the internet and most networks rather than source routing. With network routing the knowledge about the network layout is in the network routing devices. Source routing can produce some security problems which is discussed later. When the packet with source routing specified is going through the network, the network device that makes routing decisions such as a router will look at the path specific information in the network packet to determine where to forward the packet. When source routing is not used, the packet contains only the destination address and the router will automatically determine the best place to forward the packet. When network routing is used, as a packet travels through the network, each router will look at the destination IP address and determine the next hop to forward the packet to. The next hop is the next router or network switching location where a network routing decision will be made. When source routing is used, the sender of the data makes some or all of the routing decisions. When the sender determines the exact network route the data packets must take, strict source routing is used. Strict source routing is rarely used. A common form of source routing is called loose source record route (LSRR). When using LSRR the sender will provide one or more hops that the packet must go through. It may specify one or more intermediate routers that the data must go through.
Source routing can be used to do any of the following:
• Troubleshoot a network
• Map a network
• Increase network performance
• Hack a computer
Source routing can be used for hacking purposes by allowing an attacker to get data to a machine that would not normally be reachable. Some machines are on private internet addresses such as 192.168.1.1 and they are not normally accessible from the internet. If there is a machine on a private network that performs routing and traffic may be routed through it between two other networks, it may be possible for an attacker to specify their data to go through the machine on the private network. The attacker may also fool the machine on the private network into believing it is some other computer using IP spoofing. The best way to prevent this attack is to configure the router on the private network to ignore source routed packets.
QOS ROUTING PROTOCOL
This section, the first present our path selection mechanism. It is based on the distance-vector mechanism. The necessary and sufficient condition to determine whether a path is not worthwhile to be advertised. Then describe our new isotonic path weight. We show that the routing protocol based on this new path weight satisfies the optimality requirement [7], [8]. Afterward, present our hop-by-hop packet forwarding mechanism which satisfies the consistency requirement. The apply (3) to estimate the available bandwidth of a path. To simplify our discussion, in the rest of our paper, The use "available bandwidth" instead of "estimated available bandwidth" when the context is clear. On the other hand, "widest path" refers to the path that has the maximum estimated available bandwidth.
HOP-BY-HOP
This section introduces our hop-by-hop Interest shaping mechanism, which realizes Interest rate control at the output interfaces of every CCN router. The rationale behind an additional Interest control realized at every network node is (i) to anticipate congestion detection and (ii) to trigger rate reduction via Interest shaping, before the receiver can detect the congestion via timer expiration. Each virtual queue is associated a credit counter initialized to a maximum value B (in bytes), indicating the number of Data bytes are granted to transmit, with no additional delay. The counter is incremented at the estimated fair rate of the corresponding down-link and decremented by forwarded Interests.
The design objectives of Hop-by-Hop TCP for sensor networks are as follows:
• Minimizing end-to-end packet delivery time without too much throughput degradation;
• Minimizing the number of retransmissions;
• Minimizing the occurrence of network congestion;
• Providing fairness service.
Hop-by-Hop TCP consists of two parts: an End-to-End TCP working on the source and destination nodes, and a One-Hop TCP working on every node. The sender module of a One-Hop TCP is working at the sender end of a link, and the receiver module is working at the receiver end. Each link needs only one pair of One-Hop TCP for all End-to- End TCP sessions.
They would like to develop a distance-vector based mechanism. In the traditional distance-vector mechanism, a node only has to advertise the information of its own best path to its neighbors. Each neighbor can then identify its own best path. The mentioned that if a node only advertises the widest path from its own perspective, it neighbors may not be able to find the widest path. To illustrate, consider the network in Fig. 1 where the number of each link is the available bandwidth on the link.
NETWORK RECONFIGURATION
The process of replacing a routing function with another one is traditionally referred to as network reconfiguration. It is well known that, even when both routing functions are by themselves deadlock-free, updating the routing paths in an uncontrolled way may lead to deadlock situations due to the introduction of temporary dependencies among network resources. This means packets that belong to one of the routing functions may take turns that are not allowed in another routing function. Traditional reconfiguration mechanisms solved this problem by emptying the network of packets before replacing the routing function. Such a simple approach is referred to as static reconfiguration, and has a negative impact on the network service availability, since for a period of time the network cannot accept packets. Several schemes have recently been proposed for distributed routing systems in order to increase network availability during the change over from one routing function to another. These mechanisms allow injection of data traffic while the routing function is being updated, and are known as dynamic reconfiguration techniques. As these dynamic schemes become more and more efficient, anyone may be used for other alternative situations, apart from topology changes, such as balancing dynamically the network traffic to avoid possible congestion situations.
Wireless networked systems arise in various communication contexts, and are becoming a bigger and integral part of our everyday life. In today practical networked systems information delivery is accomplished through routing. Network nodes simply store and forward data and processing is accomplished only at the end nodes. Network Coding (NC) is a recent field in electrical engineering and computer science that breaks with this assumption, instead of simply forwarding data, intermediate network nodes may recombine several input packets into one or several output packets. NC offers the promise of improved performance over conventional network routing techniques. In particular, NC principles can significantly impact the next generation wireless and sensor networks, in terms of both energy efficiency and throughput.
Among the many advantages offered by NC, notable examples are as follows:
1. By allowing intermediate nodes in a network to combine information streams and extract the information at the receivers, the throughput of multicast connections can be increased. The "butterfly network" is the most famous example demonstrating this benefit.
2. In a wireless environment, NC can be used to offer benefits in terms of battery life, wireless bandwidth, and delay. A simple example showing these benefits is the so called two way relay channel.
3. Sending linear combinations of packets instead of un coded data offers a natural way to take advantage of multipath diversity for security against wiretapping attacks.
However, the theory of NC is still in its infancy, and little is known about practical algorithms for exploiting coding in real networks. For example, while most of the existing NC theory assumes error–free links, in practice these links are usually prone to errors arising from, e.g., noise, fading, and interference.
Moreover, employing NC introduces some challenges, like, e.g.: i) complexity, since it requires the nodes in the network to have additional functionalities, and ii) security concerns, since a sound deployment of NC would require to put in place mechanisms that allow NC operations without affecting the authenticity of the transmitted data. Furthermore, when applying NC to a wireless context we need to take into account that the wireless medium is highly unpredictable and inhospitable to applying the existing NC algorithms, which have been mostly designed by assuming wired networks as the blueprint.
The maximum available bandwidth path problem, which is a fundamental issue to support quality-of-service in wireless mesh networks. The main contribution of our work is a new left-isotonic path weight which captures the available path bandwidth information. The left-isotonicity property of our proposed path weight facilitates us to develop a proactive hop-by-hop routing protocol, and formally proved that our protocol satisfies the optimality and consistency requirements. Based on the available path bandwidth information, a source can immediately determine some infeasible connection requests with the high bandwidth requirement. They tested the performance of our protocol under different scenarios.
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I have heard lots of good things about bamboo nappies, though, and it is what I am leaning to for when my daughter is born.
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We've not tried Bamboo. I'll look out for them. My nephew likes to go when he comes here.


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Jill Hammer (Yeilah) is an author, educator, midrashist and ritualist. She is the co-founder of the Kohenet Institute, and the Director of Spiritual Education at the Academy for Jewish Religion. Rabbi Hammer is the author of Sisters at Sinai: New Tales of Biblical Women, The Jewish Book of Days: A Companion for All Seasons, The Omer Calendar of Biblical Women, The Garden of Time and the co-author of The Hebrew Priestess: Ancient and New Visions of Jewish Women's Spiritual Leadership and Siddur HaKohanot: A Hebrew Priestess Prayerbook. She holds a doctorate in social psychology from the University of Connecticut and received rabbinical ordination from the Jewish Theological Seminary. She lives in Manhattan with her wife and daughter.
Taya Shere (Taya Mâ) plays passionately in the realms of transformative ritual and embodied vocalization. Taya is co-founder and co-direct of the Kohenet Institute. Her chant albums Wild Earth Shebrew, Halleluyah All Night, Torah Tantrika, and This Bliss have been heralded as "cutting-edge mystic medicine music." She is co-author of The Hebrew Priestess: Ancient and New Visions of Jewish Women's Spiritual Leadership and SIddur HaKohanot: A Hebrew Priestess Prayerbook. Trained in the folklore of religion at the University of Pennsylvania and as a Somatic Experiencing Practitioner, she is Spiritual Leader Emeritus of a Washington D.C. area Jewish congregation. Taya co-leads Makam Shekhina, a multi-religious Jewish/Sufi spiritual community, teaches at Starr-King School for the Ministry and mentors emergent spiritual leaders in embodied presence and counter-oppressive devotion. She makes home, music and other magic in the California East Bay.
Shoshana Jedwab (Batshemesh) is the Jewish Life Coordinator at the A.J. Heschel Middle School in NYC. She is the founding facilitator of the Makom Drum Circle at the JCC in Manhattan and is a percussionist and performance artist who has trained in bibliodrama and psychodrama. Shoshana has performed with Storahtelling, Chana Rothman, Debbie Friedman, Kirtan Rabbi Andrew Hahn and Tel Shemesh seasonal events, and is a ritual percussionist and singer at Congregation Romemu in New York, NY. She is Kohenet's ritual drummer and serves on the Kohenet faculty. Her first album is titled I Remember.
Keshira haLev Fife sprinkles sparkles, disrupts expectations, and offers blessings wherever she goes. Lovingly called "the priestess who priestesses the priestesses", she delights in serving, supporting, up-leveling and weaving Kohenet community. She also pours love and intention into her work as founder and community shepherdess of Kesher Pittsburgh and more broadly as a shlichat tzibbur, life spiral ceremony officiant, ritual creatrix, liturgist, songstress, public speaker and writer. Keshira was ordained as a Kohenet in 2017 and earned her BS (Social History) and MS (Public Policy and Management) at Carnegie Mellon University. A dual-citizen of the USA and Australia, she and her beloved strive for right balance between traveling and nesting at home in Pittsburgh, PA.
Cara Rock-Singer is in the final months of a Ph.D. in Religion at Columbia University. Her dissertation, Prophetesses of the Body: American Jewish Women and the Politics of Embodied Knowledge, focuses on how women are using embodied spiritual practices to transform American Jewish life. As a participant and observer in Kohenet, Cara has spent the past three years researching, teaching, and writing about its innovative ritual, theological, and textual work. She is lives in Philadelphia, PA, with her husband and daughter.
Hadassah Nechushta bat Yah Shekhinah, The Bronze One, is a widow who lives in Canton, Ohio. She has a BA in business management and operates a small woman-owned business as a Commercial Mortgage Broker. She teaches Torah with an emphasis on its relevance to our everyday lives and she is a healer, prayer writer, and sacred drummer. She is also the President of the East Lincoln Highway Neighborhood Association and holds a certificate in the Neighborhood Leadership Program. She has one daughter who has earned an M.D. and is working on her Pharm. D.
Judith Maeryam Wouk is a Neviah Metophephet/Oracle of Rhythms/Re-Framer of Stories. A member of the Guild of Holy Drummers with a Certificate from the Holy Drumming Institute (Elat Chayyim, Spring 2011, Adar II 5771), she teaches beginning frame drum (tar) and riqq (tambourine) in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. With degrees in anthropology and law, she is a ritual leader, and political activist for peace, environment and social justice. Women of the Bible, music of the Israelites/Hebrews, death practices, gift economy, sustainable cities, and the feminine divine are themes of her crone study, publications and advocacy.


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I'm back! Did you miss me? Well actually I haven't been anywhere special since my last blog entry- I have just been INSANELY busy! To be honest I'm feeling a bit stressed and overwhelmed by how hectic it has been lately with more adventures ahead……but hopefully things will start to settle down soon. I'm sure you can all relate to feeling like this from time to time.
I'm really sorry but I simply haven't had time in the past few weeks to keep my blog up-to-date nor run any classes in my home. I have had the best of intentions I have just been really time poor. I am very excited to be heading off to Sydney in a few days time for the STAMPIN' UP Convention. It is a great opportunity to liase with other demonstrators from all over Australia (and even New Zealand) It is all about- Training, friendships, swaps, new products and ideas and even an Awards Night/ Banquet thrown in for good measure! I will have lots to share about that when I return. At the moment I just need to try and get myself organised so I can start getting excited! So much to do and so little time!
For those who have been eagerly waiting for my newsletter I promise I will attend to that shortly after I return from Sydney.


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Bolivia Explorer
13 Days & 10 NightsLead-in price: £4,195
Bolivia is home to indigenous cultures, charming colonial cities and the amazing salt flats. It is also has some of the Andes' highest peaks, the stunning Lake Titicaca and wildlife rich jungles and savannas. Designed for more adventurous travellers, this journey discovers Bolivia's many and varied highlights.
Colonial treasures & indigenous cultures
Salar de Uyuni salt flats
Overnight stay on Sun Island at Lake Titicaca
Average weather for Santa Cruz (Bolivia)
196 134 114 98 78 70 49 41 63 100 128 172
Average weather for Sucre
11 11 11 9 6 4 4 5 7 9 10 11
139 115 110 34 7 2 3 9 24 47 62 117
Average weather for Uyuni
4 4 3 1 -3 -6 -6 -5 -2 1 2 4
Average weather for La Paz (Bolivia)
2 2 1 - -3 -5 -5 -4 -2 - 1 2
130 102 81 32 15 4 5 14 32 35 50 100
Average weather for Lake Titicaca
6 7 6 4 2 -1 - 1 3 5 5 6
166 129 104 55 21 7 7 16 43 44 57 108
13 Days & 10 Nights
Days 1-2: Fly to Santa Cruz via Madrid
Fly to Santa Cruz overnight via Madrid. Stay 1 night and take a city tour. (B)
Day 3: Fly to Sucre
Fly to Sucre. Stay 3 nights in a character hotel. (B)
Days 4-5: Sucre
Take a guided tour and explore this beautiful colonial city. Visit Tarabuco market or the village of Potolo to learn more about the indigenous communities and their distinctive weaving styles. (B)
Days 6-7: Salar de Uyuni
Drive to Salar de Uyuni, visiting the silver-mining city of Potosi en route. Stay 2 nights in a salt hotel and explore the salt flats by 4x4. Option to stay in a luxurious Airstream camper (supplements apply). (B, L, D)
Day 8: Fly to La Paz • Lake Titicaca
Fly to La Paz and transfer to Lake Titicaca, with a stop en route at the Tiwanaku ruins. Visit the Altiplano museum and the Andean Roots Eco Village to learn about the Ayamara and Inca cultures, and the reed boat builders. Stay overnight at the Inca Utama at Huatajata, on the shores of the lake. (B, D)
Day 9: Lake Titicaca
Take a full-day exploration of the lake and its islands by hydrofoil and on foot. Stay overnight on the Sun Island. (B, L, D)
Days 10-11: La Paz
After a morning exploration on the Sun Island, transfer to La Paz. Stay 2 nights and take a guided tour of the city and a ride on famous cable-car system. (B)
Days 12-13: To London via Madrid.
Fly to Santa Cruz and take an overnight flight to London, via Madrid. (B) (N)
Extensions or alternatives
It is possible to add further explorations in Bolivia. In the lowlands around Santa Cruz, discover the fascinating history of former Jesuit mission towns, the pre-Inca ruins of Samaipata or the unspoilt natural beauty of the Amboro National Park, ideal for hiking and bird watching. South of the Uyuni salts flats, explore the remote, windswept southern altiplano with its surreal rock formations, multi-coloured sand dunes, geysers and colourful mineral-rich lakes, set against a backdrop of volcanic peaks. Extend with a visit to the Madidi National Park in the Amazon basin, a biodiversity hotspot with largely untouched forest and countless endemic species. Stay in a rustic ecolodge and take jungle walks or canoe rides in search of wildlife.
BXP2020: 10 Nights

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Scientific Research Journal
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Scirj, Volume VI [2019]
Scirj Volume II, Issue III, March 2014 Edition
Publication starts: 25th March 2014
Full Paper available from: 25th March 2014
ATTITUDE OF MARRIED ADULTS IN KWARA STATE, NIGERIA TOWARDS THE TEACHING OF REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH EDUCATION IN SCHOOLS
OGWOKHADEMHE, M.C. (Ph.D.), Ekhelar, Anselm Izuade (Ph.D.) , Christianah Eragbe
Abstract: ones) on reproductive health, to have meaningful social relationships in the context of family and society. It also assists to prepare the young ones for adulthood. It is described as family life education because it is the enlightenment packaged that is designed for appropriate reproductive health which is aimed at equipping people on healthy mutual satisfying and responsible sexual relationship. For young ones to learn how to live a healthy life in an healthy environment, it is important to conduct this study which aimed at investigating attitude of married adults in Kwara State towards the teaching of reproductive health education in schools. A total of 200 married adults were randomly sampled from Ilorin West, Ilorin East, Ilorin South and Offa Local Government Area of Kwara State (40, 40, 40 & 80 respectively). A researcher developed instrument tagged "Attitude of Married Adults Towards Teaching of Reproductive Health Education Questionnaire (AMATTRHEQ) was used to collect relevant data from the respondents with a 4 Liker rating scale of Strongly Agree, Agree, Disagree and Strongly Disagree. Content validity of the instrument was ascertained by five experts in the Department of Counsellor Education, University of Ilorin and test retest reliability of 0.86 was obtained which showed that the instrument is reliable. The instrument was pilot tested and the response revealed that the instrument is usable and free from errors and ambiguous. To analyze the data collected, descriptive statistic (mean, frequency count and percentage) was used for the personal data and research question while inferential statistic (t-test and analysis of variance) was used to analyze the research hypotheses generated for the study. All hypotheses were tested at 0.05 alpha level of significant. The major finding of the study showed that married adults in Kwara State has positive attitude towards the teaching of reproductive health education in schools (186, 93%).
Read Full Paper Reference this paper Page 1-5
Relation between the New Anthropometric Obesity Parameters and Inflammatory Markers in Healthy Adult Men
Ahmet Celik , Edibe Saricicek, Vahap Saricicek, Elif Sahin, Gokhan Ozdemir, Metin Kilinc, Ayten Oguz
Abstract: Background: The aim of this study is to estimate the relationship between the new anthropometric parameters [waist circumference to height ratio (WHtR), body adiposity index (BAI) and visceral adiposity index (VAI)] and some inflammatory markers (hsCRP, fibrinogen and TNF-alpha). Methods: Randomly selected 182 healthy adult men included to this study. Height, body weight (BW), waist circumference (WC) and hip circumference (HC) were measured and body mass index (BMI), waist circumferences to hip circumferences ratio (WHR), WHtR, BAI and VAI were calculated (VAI score was calculated after biochemical analysis). Subjects were grouped as Group 1 and Group 2 according to VAI, and normals, overweights and obeses according to BMI. Plasma fibrinogen, serum TNF-alpha and serum hsCRP levels were measured. Results: All APs and hsCRP were increased in GROUP 2 significantly. TNF-alpha and fibrinogen levels were similar. Age, serum hsCRP and plasma fibrinogen were higher in overweights compared to normals. BMI and WHtR were positively correlated to serum hsCRP and plasma fibrinogen. Also VAI and BAI correlated with hsCRP. Conclusion: Classical obesity parameters and new antropometric measures were related to some systemic inflammatory markers in our study. Both general and abdominal obesity have a pretendency toward having high inflammatory markers. New antropometric measures may also reflect these disturbances in overweight adult men.
Read Full Paper Reference this paper Page 6-10
Software Application for Tentative Diagnosis of Poultry Diseases
Adeyemi Vincent Ademola, Fasanmi Olubunmi Gabriel
Abstract: Poultry production is a growing business sector worldwide, owing partly to its profitability and partly to being a ready and affordable source of protein requirement for man. A major problem facing poultry is disease, a state of ill health that could lead to death or poor level of performance of the affected poultry. The scope of this paper, therefore, covers the control and management of disease outbreak in poultry, focusing on the tentative diagnosis of an implicated disease through software application. The software developed, called Pathfinder, using Java programming language and MySQL, provides users, e.g. veterinarians and animal health technologists, an easier, quicker and more precise procedure for tentative diagnosis of poultry diseases. However, application of the software does not rule out confirmatory laboratory test but should assist in commencing treatment procedure of a disease (to prevent spread of the disease) and deciding which confirmatory tests to carry out after the tentative diagnosis has been concluded.
Read Full Paper Reference this paper Page 11-19
DCD, a Potential Shield to Uplift Local Milk (Case Study based on Sri Lankan Milk Powder Industry, 2012/13)
B.K.H.D Anuranga
Abstract: Milk powder industry posted country imports of 84,000 MT of milk products in 2011 at a cost of Rs. 30 billion (Central Bank of Sri Lanka, 2012) which is a startling amount in comparison to other powdered milk importers in the world despite having lesser population and extent of land at the same time this was a burning issue to the Sri Lanka as this imports of dairy products from foreign countries had become a critical issue in terms of trade balance deficit reported in balance of payment in the country taking 1195.4 billion of rupees equaling to 9409 US million dollars and imports of dairy products alone accounting for 2.5% of Trade balance deficit (Central Bank of Sri Lanka, 2013). At the same time it was the government policy to be self -sufficient in milk by 2016 (Rajapaksha, 2005). After the media derogated the news about milk powder imported to Sri Lanka from foreign countries are contaminated with DCD and thereby revealing its potential hazardous implications, people became overwhelmed and concerned responding by protesting against milk powder importers and asked the government to address the issue. With the involvement by ITI, milk powder samples were tested and proved DCD to be positive. Backed by the findings the government of Sri Lanka asked both importers and local milk powder manufacturers to with draw products from the market. Further, government took several measures and confined dairy importers not to sell, advertise and exhibit dairy products thus government being able to save more money otherwise could have been incurred in importing milk powder and also to boost the local milk production by reducing imports of milk powder by 12.3% to $307.3 million in late 2012 thus creating a vacuum to be filled by which. It was observed that Highland, Palawatta, locally produces powdered milk, being demanded more whereas imported little or not (Anuranga, 2013). Finally, the government can encourage breast feeding and local dairy manufacturers by importing high
Pre-Clinical Research of Gelatin/Alginate Yarn for Medical Textile
Rifaida Eriningsih, Rini Marlina
Abstract: This study had prepared mixed of 75/25 gelatin/alginate yarn used as suture biomaterials. The raw materials were commercial gelatin powder of 250 Bloom gel strength and sodium alginate extracted from brown seaweed of Sargassum species. Process was done by wet spinning using spinnerets size 2000 μ. Solution consist of a mix gelatin and alginate on the viscosity of 3000 cps and pH 7, made by wet spinning method and coagulated in CaCl2 solution and alcohol to produce yarn which is used as surgical sutures. Final treatment carried out with transglutaminase enzyme (TGA) and glutaraldehyde. Tests result of physical properties on the optimum condition include tensile strength of 1024 g (10 042 N), knot strength of 688.5 g (6.75 N), diameter of yarn 0.31 to 0.34 mm (No. USP = 3), and elongation of about 12%, had qualify to the requirements of U.S. Pharmacopeia 29-NF 24. Preclinical trials on mice had passed the test, i.e. no irritation occurs, can close the body tissue of their incision, wound healing clinical evidence and the yarn can be degraded in the animal tissues.
Ideologies, Party Politics and Nigeria's Politico-economic Development
Godwin Ichimi, PhD
Abstract: This paper aims at interrogating the apparent dearth of ideology, particularly at the level of party politics, in Nigeria. It is contended however that, in realty, beneath this seeming dearth of ideology there is a convergence of commitment to some normative values and ideas by the political class which is distinctively neoliberal.This ideological predilection underpins the posture of the state as it does the manifestoes of the ruling and opposition parties. Against this backdrop, this paper engaged with the nexus between ideology, party politics and Nigeria's politico-economy and holds that it is of critical imperative for the managers of state to be aware of and factor in the contradictions which this neoliberal ideological posture entails for the quest for national development.
THE EFFECT OF BPH MIGAS LEADERSHIP, COORDINATION, CONTROL BY AND PUBLIC PARTICIPATION ON SUBSIDIZED DIESEL FUEL SERVICE IN NORTH JAKARTA
Dear Badaruddin Andi Picunang,
Abstract: This research concerns the poor service quality of subsidized fossil fuel in Indonesia that has not yet met public expectations. On the other hand, the spirit of good governance requires the involvement of third party actors (non government) to respond to public issues. To address this requirement, good governance should be promoted in all development aspects, including subsidized fossil fuel services run by Badan Pengatur Hilir Minyak dan Gas Bumi - the State Downstream Oil and Gas Regulator (BPH Migas). This research aims to analyze the effect of BPH Migas leadership, coordination and supervision and public participation on the service quality of subsidized diesel fuel in North Jakarta. Samples were collected from 300 respondents using the proportionate stratified random sampling method. This research used quantitative method, data were collected using Likert scale questionnaire, literature research, document analysis and observations. The collected data were analyzed using validity, reliability, normality, linearity, and F and T tests, simple and multiple linear regressions.
Shielding calculation based on NCRP methodologies for some diagnostic x-ray facilities in Bangladesh
Md.Mofazzal Haider, Soma Shill, QMR Nizam and Mir Akramuzzaman
Abstract: When Wilhelm Konrad Roentgen accidentally discovered x-rays, he could have no idea what an enormous impact his discovery would have in future on medicine and industry. Today no hospital is complete without x-ray equipment although extensive use of this equipment gives rise to radiation doses that are usually well controlled, but in extreme cases, patients and occupationally exposed persons have been injured by this radiation. Therefore, only proper shielding design of an x-ray room can ascertain the safety of human health.
E-Payment System Adoption in Nigerian Ministries, Departments and Agencies (MDAs): Gains and Challenges
Adeyemi Vincent Ademola, Nwakpa Friday Chika
Abstract: ICT is a fast developing technology; its application typically involves the introduction or enhancement of systems or technology to meet a particular business need. An example of such application is the e-Payment system, a subset of e-Government that enables us to perform financial transactions electronically. A survey was conducted in the federal government of Nigeria's Ministries, Departments and Agencies (MDAs) to examine the gains and challenges of the e-Payment system commenced on January 1st, 2009. Non-parametric tests were used to establish the rank orders of gains from e-Payment and the challenges, based on median values for each variable, as well as the number of valid answers. The result revealed the most appreciated gains and most encountered challenges of the new system. The t-Test result for the gains of e-Payment shows that the mean number of positive response was significantly different (P < 0.01) from that of the negative response for each of the gains. Also, the t-Test result for the challenges of e-Payment shows that the mean number of positive response was significantly different (P < 0.01) from that of the negative response for each of the challenges.
Published Issue:
© 2013 Scientific Research Journal, US . Malaysia . Australia


text:
Online Museums
200 Years: The Life and Legacy of Louis Braille
Braille Invents His Code
Louis Perfects His System
The Braille Alphabet with dot cells representing the letters A-Z, accented letters, common letter patterns and grammar from The Braille Reference Book by M. S. Loomis, 1942.
In 1821, shortly after becoming the Institute's new director, Dr. Alexandre François-René Pignier invited Charles Barbier to address his students. Barbier was an artillery captain in the French Army who had devised a system for soldiers to communicate at night without a sound. His system combined 12 dots to represent sounds, and he called it sonography. It is also referred to as "night writing." He believed his invention could be of great value to the blind.
Both students and teachers at the Institute were intrigued by the promise of sonography, and, despite the difficulty of the system, sonography was introduced in the school as an auxiliary teaching method. Louis and his classmates soon identified one of the chief flaws of Barbier's system in addition to its complexity: it was based on the 36 sounds of the French alphabet and did not lend itself to spelling or punctuation. Louis determined to take Barbier's system and improve upon it.
Between the ages of 13 and 16 Louis worked on perfecting an embossed dot system. Like Barbier's, Louis' system used raised dots, but beyond that similarity Louis' ideas were his own. For three years Louis spent his free time refining his code. On the weekends, evenings, and summer vacations in Coupvray, Louis could be found with paper, slate, and stylus, diligently working.
When at age 15 he felt he had an adequate code, he shared it with Dr. Pignier, who had become his mentor. Louis' system, based on a six-dot cell, was both simple and elegant. A full braille cell consists of six raised dots arranged in two parallel rows, each having three dots. Sixty-four combinations are possible using one or more of these six dots. A single cell can be used to represent an alphabet letter, number, punctuation mark, or even a whole word.
Dr. Pignier encouraged the students at the Institute to use Louis' code. With it, they were able to achieve a level of literacy previously unavailable to them.
Next » Recognition of the Braille Code
Coupvray: Louis' Childhood Home
Paris: Institute for Blind Youth
Louis Becomes a Teacher
Books in Braille
Louis Invents Decapoint
Recognition of the Braille Code


Open files to add them to your playlist, then drag and drop them onto the timeline to piece them together, just like you could in Movie Maker. Add special effects, music, and narration with ease. Download and Install Windows Movie Maker on Windows 10 This article shows you how to download and install windows movie maker on Microsoft Windows 10 desktop. So, you will have to google for it. In turn, the software will display a Crash message. If the video clip is at least two seconds long, the text will be animated when it appears. It was a part of software suite and offered the ability to create and edit videos as well as to publish them on , , , , and.
Don't worry, though — Windows Movie Maker may have gone to the great hard drive in the sky, but there are some excellent alternatives available that are more powerful, just as easy to use, and completely free. It allows the user to choose royalty-free songs from an amazing voluminous music library. No device-specific export profiles The first time you open it, bears little resemblance to Windows Movie Maker, but hit the Playlist and Timeline buttons at the top and it starts to look familiar. The Suite Windows Live Essentials includes: Photo Gallery, Messenger, Movie Maker, Mail, Writer, Windows Live Mesh, Family Safety, Bing Bar, Microsoft Silverlight, Outlook Connector Pack and Messenger Companion. You can also edit audios as well as images. And in many ways it's superior to many of the editors you have to pay for.
That implies that it will only work on Windows and not on Mac. Windows Movie Maker can be installed on Microsoft Vista only. It has advanced features with advanced text editing, green screen, audio mixer and Picture in Picture. Then, does it prove that the Windows Movie Maker can no longer be used any more? I said everything you mentioned. I have no intention to engage in a debate. It can also crash when you have already loaded the files and you want to apply the effects.
Here are some options: Or, you can directly use the below recommended Filmora Video Editor to edit any videos on your Windows 10 easily. Solution: To fix this, you will need to limit the number of video effects in your system and select only the relevant ones, which will perfectly fit in your system. Many longstanding users were disappointed by the removal of so many features in the effective re-writing of the software in Live Movie Maker 2009. With Filmora Video Editor you can make your videos stand out with its filters and graphics overlays, combine multiple videos and pictures seamlessly. Many custom transitions were commercially available and created additional features such as picture-in-picture. To rearrange the media files, just drag and drop them to a new position in the Storyboard at the bottom.
This feature is based on. Nonetheless, when you use the software, you might have encountered a message that the movie maker has crashed. This can effectively resolve the issue. Solution: To fix this, you will need to uninstall the Real Player, and then restart the computer. Windows Movie Maker was a simple, free video editor that was last updated in 2012 and officially discontinued last year.
For computers with different brands, the latest drivers are always available on the system manufacturers of that brand. So when you update the Windows Movie Maker, it will help to avoid the software from crashing. Once on the timeline, clips can be duplicated, split, repositioned or edited. It's pretty simple when you have a modern software like. It provides basic features such as video trimming, joining, adding background music and text caption, to more advanced like image filter, transition effects. I wish that they put all the videos in one spot like they did with the actual version for vista and didn't precut my videos, but I did fix that somehow. You need to create a family video after vacation, a project presentation video at school, or a short video showcasing your product? As some older systems might not be able to run the new version of Windows Movie Maker, Microsoft also released an updated older version 2.
It is easy to navigate and edit. If the video is not in the supported format, you can convert it first using a reliable converter on your computer, and then load it on the Movie Maker. Summary This is a good starter video editing software but if you want a more professional movie then get After Effects. Did you even read my post? Also it does not contain a Chroma Key to allow green screen composites. This can be as a result of a conflict of the Windows Movie Maker application files with the Real Player's flv. Some of those features such as visualisation of the audio levels have subsequently been re-added. To help you understand this program quickly, you might also need to know: Conclusion Filmora offers you the best user experience in regard to video editing.
Upload videos Load media files to the media library in the Filmora Video Editor interface. Arrange and trim video clips Microsoft Photos will put together a simple movie automatically, complete with background music. Only in 5 minutes or less, you'll know how to do it by yourself via this software. We particularly like the retro-style filters and animations, which really bring a video project to life. Cons This isn't the same version that shiped with my vista on my old computer but rather an updated version of xp It's preset to separate longer video files into smaller segments, like 2-3 seconds each. How to uninstall Movie Maker? You can google for the truth.
Windows Movie Maker can also be used to edit and publish audio tracks. This application provides a comprehensive set of tools that will enable you to easily add music, special effects or narration to your videos. You don't get quite as much granular control as you did in Windows Movie Maker you don't have separate tracks for video and audio, for example. Sum up: If you can't find a reliable source to download the Windows Essentials 2012, then you can directly go to the part 3 to use the best Window Movie Maker alternative software to create, edit and share videos on Windows 10. Summary Overall, it's a great program, just nobody realizes it after they have played around with it's competition.


Changing the world one diaper at a time.
Kate's Homebirthstagram was perfect: it all happened in the Willow filter, Kate's hair was in a perfectly messy bun, her skin glistened and glowed, and her baby slipped blissfully and effortlessly into the arms of her burly husband who was wading shirtless through the birthing pool like a merman. Turns out Sarah was there and remembers it a little differently…..listen up for the first in our birth story series.


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Q: Proving "almost all matrices over C are diagonalizable". This is an elementary question, but a little subtle so I hope it is suitable for MO.
Let $T$ be an $n \times n$ square matrix over $\mathbb{C}$.
The characteristic polynomial $T - \lambda I$ splits into linear factors like $T - \lambda_iI$, and we have the Jordan canonical form:
$$ J = \begin{bmatrix} J_1 \\\ & J_2 \\\ & & \ddots  \\\ & & & J_n \end{bmatrix}$$
where each block $J_i$ corresponds to the eigenvalue $\lambda_i$ and is of the form
$$ J_i = \begin{bmatrix} \lambda_i & 1 \\\ & \lambda_i & \ddots \\\ & & \ddots & 1 \\\ & & & \lambda_i \end{bmatrix}$$
and each $J_i$ has the property that $J_i - \lambda_i I$ is nilpotent, and in fact has kernel strictly smaller than $(J_i - \lambda_i I)^2$, which shows that none of these Jordan blocks fix any proper subspace of the subspace which they fix. Thus, Jordan canonical form gives the closest possible to a diagonal matrix. The elements in the superdiagonals of the Jordan blocks are the obstruction to diagonalization.
So far, so good. What I want to prove is the assertion that "Almost all square matrices over $\mathbb{C}$ is diagonalizable". The measure on the space of matrices is obvious, since it can be identified with $\mathbb{C}^{n^2}$. How to prove, perhaps using the above Jordan canonical form explanation, that almost all matrices are like this?
I am able to reason out the algebra part as above, but is finding difficulty in the analytic part. All I am able to manage is the following. The characteristic equation is of the form
$$(x - \lambda_1)(x - \lambda_2) \cdots (x - \lambda_n)$$
and in the space generated by the $\lambda_i$'s, the measure of the set in which it can happen that $\lambda_i = \lambda_j$ when $i \neq j$, is $0$: this set is a union of hyperplanes, each of measure $0$.
But here I have cheated, I used only the characteristic equation instead of using the full matrix. How do I prove it rigorously?

A: The map from $\mathbb C^{n^2}$ to the space of monic polynomials of degree $n$ which associates
to a matrix $M$ its char. polynomial is the best kind of map you could imagine (algebraic,
surjective, open, ... ).  If a set in its source has positive measure, than so does its image.
Now the set of polynomials with repeated roots is the zero locus of a non-trivial polynomial
(the discriminant), and so has measure zero.  Thus so does its preimage.
In short, the space of matrices in ${\mathbb C}$ whose eigenvalues are distinct has full measure (i.e. its complement has measure zero).  Any such matrix is diagonalizable (its Jordan Normal Form is a diagonalization).

A: The discriminant of the characteristic polynomial of a matrix depends polynomially on the coefficients of the matrix, and its vanishing detects precisely the existence of multiple eigenvalues. Therefore the set where the discriminant does not vanish is contained in the set of diagonalizable matrices.
Now the set where a non-zero polynomial vanishes is very, very thin (in many senses: it does not contain open sets, it has zero Lebesgue measure, etc) so in consequence the set of diagonalizable matrices is correspondingly thick.

A: The discriminant argument shows that for for $n \times n$ matrices over any field $k$, the Zariski closure of the set of non-diagonalizable matrices is proper in $\mathbb{A}^{n^2}$ -- an irreducible algebraic variety -- and therefore of smaller dimension.  Being contained in a proper algebraic subset of affine or projective space is a very strong and useful way of saying that a set is "small" (except in the case that $k$ is finite!): in particular, its complement is Zariski dense.
One can use this observation to reduce many theorems in linear algebra to the diagonalizable case, the idea being that any polynomial identity that holds on a Zariski-dense set of all $n \times n$ matrices must hold (by definition of the Zariski topology!) for all matrices.
As a very simple example, one can immediately deduce that the characteristic polynomials $AB$ and $BA$ coincide, because if $A$ is invertible, the matrices are similar.
With a bit more care, one can derive the entire theory of determinants and characteristic polynomials from such specialization arguments.  In fact by purely algebraic means it is possible to reduce to the case of $k = \mathbb{R}$ (and thereby define the determinant in terms of change of volume, etc.).

A: In addition to the other answers, all of which are quite good, I offer a rather pedestrian observation: If you perturb the diagonal in each Jordan block of your given matrix $T$ so all the diagonal terms have different values, you end up with a matrix that has $n$ distinct eigenvalues and is hence diagonalizable. Such a perturbation can of course be as small as you wish.
Edit: As gowers points out, you don't even need the Jordan form to do this, just the triangular form.

A: Dear Anweshi, a matrix is diagonalizable if only if it is a normal operator. That is, if and only if $A$ commutes with its adjoint ($AA^{+}=A^{+}A$). This equation is a restriction for a matrix $A$. Therefore, the set of diagonalizable matrices has null measure in the set of square matrices. That is, almost all complex matrices are not diagonalizable. Regards! -Dardo

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Tribes 2 is a sci-fi first-person shooterbased in the fictional Earthsiege universe.
Set in the year 3941, Tribes 2 allows the user to play as a soldier in one of several factions (referred to in the game as tribes), such as the Children of the Phoenix, the Blood Eagle, the Diamond Sword, and the Star Wolf. Players can also choose to play a rebelling human-created soldier/worker race called the BioDerms. None of the factions differ from each other in strengths or weaknesses, but each has a distinctive look and background story.
The maps where the battles take place are set on the planets of the 40th century frontier, or "Wilderzone" as the game series calls it. All of the planets are far from Earth, which is currently being contested by the Bioderm uprising against the Great Human Empire. The battles themselves are mostly from the Bioderm offensive into the Wilderzone in order gain vantage over the Great Human Empire. Normally, however, the events near earth generally do not reach the Wilderzone, making star systems and their planets available to the Tribes of Man.


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2019: After the Fall of New York (Action, Horror, Sci-Fi, 1983)
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Now is the time to finally replace manual labor in mass production environments for odd-form assembly. Cencorp product development listens to customer needs carefully and as a result of this we are now presenting our two new Odd-Form product family innovations for 2016.
First, we are proud to introduce the new 850 Odd-Form Cell. It comes with outstanding features like short pick and place times topped with high cost efficiency. In addition to these preferred benefits it has capability of handling up to eight feeders of all traditional Cencorp feeder types for through hole components.
850 OF comes with a servo gripper including automatic finger change, component presence detection and the collision detection features that have made the Cencorp odd-form cells known for their outstanding performance and quality. The panel is supported with a board support unit that can be equipped with product specific fixtures for clinching. A two camera vision system comes as a standard.
We will also introduce the new 1000 LSOF. It is a perfect match when you need to place just a few odd-form components to you boards. Many customers today have just a few odd-form components, typically some connectors to place after the SMT line. Until now you have needed two machines to complete the board, one OF-machine and a selective soldering machine.
soldering robot. It includes also fully automatic wire feeding and full process control of the soldering process – thanks to the built in pyrometer that controls the soldering profile in real time. Now you can squeeze a more than 4m long production process down to 1m in line length.
Please contact our sales representatives to set up your one-to-one introduction to these new top-notch robot models.


Everyday people using BeautySlim® Gummies are seeing real results - and now it's time to get in on the action! No matter what your age or where you struggle most with extra fat, you'll notice the difference with BeautySlim® Gummies.
BeautySlim® Gummy GREEN COFFEE BEAN delivers 400 mg of top-quality Green Coffee Bean powder in every serving! In addition, delivers 50% chlorogenic acid content to support weight loss.
GREEN COFFEE BEANS are coffee beans that have not yet been roasted. The roasting of coffee beans reduces the chlorogenic acid levels. That's why GREEN COFFEE BEANS have a higher level of chlorogenic acid compared to regular, roasted coffee beans. The chlorogenic acid component in green coffee is what's thought to be responsible for several of its pharmacological effects, including fat-loss support.
Research suggests that it's the chlorogenic acid constituent of GREEN COFFEE BEAN that can support fat loss. Chlorogenic acid from GREEN COFFEE BEAN has been suggested to have modulating effects on glucose metabolism and it has also been suggested to help reduce fat accumulation and support healthy body composition in animal and humans studies.* The chlorogenic acid constituent of GREEN COFFEE BEAN may support weight loss by having modulating effects on glucose metabolism.* More specifically, GREEN COFFEE BEAN may help reduce postprandial glucose concentrations and glucose absorption in the intestine.
Take 2 units per day between meals.
Weight loss depends on several factors, including your starting body fat percentage, diet, and activity levels. For maximum results, combine any BeautySlim® Gummy with a well-balanced diet and regular exercise program.


Comcast confirms hopes for fourth theme park at Universal Orlando Resort, possibly called "Fantastic Worlds"
According to the Orlando Sentinel, the patent application for "Fantastic Worlds" was filed last month and it said that name would be used for "entertainment services in the nature of amusement park and theme park services." During the Q&A session, an analyst from Bank of America asked if the patent indicated plans for a fourth theme park.
"We are looking at it," a Comcast executive said. "We love the theme park business. It's one of our best, most consistent businesses." By adding a new park, Comcast hopes to turn Universal Orlando Resort into a week-long vacation destination.
There's no word on desired attractions for the new park, but they could include Nintendo-related rides. In 2016, NBCUniversal said Nintendo lands were planned for Orlando, Hollywood, and Japan in the future, and Super Nintendo World is slated to open at Universal Studios Japan in 2020.
Universal Orlando Resort is currently expanding their hotel options, which could also entice guests to plan longer vacations. The new Aventura Hotel opens on August 16, a modern hotel within walking distance of Volcano Bay. They're also introducing two new affordable hotels as part of Universal's Endless Summer Resort: Surfside Inn and Suites opens in Summer 2019 and Dockside Inn and Suites opens in 2020.


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We have a total of 11 Turkish Lessons listed here. To view any lesson, please click on their 'display profile' button, you must sign up to contact a member.
This price for per person. If you are big group this price will be £50 for per hour.
To prepare GSCE exams also reading book, teaching literature.
For group lessons the ages of learners must be close to each other.
Small group teaching, up to three students in one session. Minimum two students.
I can teach Turkish to groups.


Ben Bernanke has done all he can, and it might not be enough.
Federal Reserve Chairman Ben Bernanke said on Friday that the shadow banking system still posed a threat to financial stability, and funding markets might still not be able to cope with a major default….
"While the shadow banking sector is smaller today than before the crisis...regulators and the private sector need to address remaining vulnerabilities," Bernanke said at a banking conference sponsored by the Chicago Federal Reserve Bank….
Asked about the issue of too-big-to-fail banks, Bernanke said regulators should tell banks to hold more equity if they decide that current rules do not do enough, rather than impose an arbitrary limit on size.
"Because that makes them safer, but also because it reduces or eliminates their funding advantage and gives them an incentive to reduce or simplify their firms," Bernanke said.
Calls to cut the size of big banks, which are perceived to rely on taxpayer bailouts no matter how risky their business conduct, are on the rise in Washington, but Bernanke said current global capital rules needed to be put in place first.
On the bright side, while their boss frets about shadow banks, his underlings are shrugging off the specter of inflation's waning shadow.
"We have to defend our inflation target both on the upside and the downside," Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia President Charles Plosser told reporters Thursday. He said that for now, "I'm not concerned" about the current pace of inflation because inflation expectations continue to predict that price pressures will stick to something more consistent with the Fed's objective, he said….
Mr. Plosser is part of the hawkish wing of central bank policy makers, and he has long opposed the Fed's ongoing and open ended bond buying program. He said that the purchases offer "meager" benefits and don't help the labor market the way many on the Fed would like to think. Indeed, he would like the Fed to consider tightening policy.


In its 11th year, Project STYLE brings local fashion and talent to the runway, with a cocktail hour, food, wine and silent auction. This year our show curator and lead designer will be New Haven's very own, Neville Wisdom. Neville has committed his time and talent to help us end homelessness in New Haven.


Very luxurious furnished 2-bedroom apartment on the top floor of an apartment complex with private garden and stunning views over the green heart and the Benthuizerplas. With shared swmmingpool, gym with showers and plenty of parking.
Shared entrance with doorbells and video surveillance. Hall with lift and stairs. Shared entrance with the landlord on the 5th floor. From the shared hall access to the private entrance of the apartment. Incoming in the hall, large bedroom (32m²) with bathroom which is equipped with sink, shower and toilet. At the end of the hallway is the living room (34m²) situated with open pantry with sink, fridge (Miele), kitchen cabinets, Nespresso machine, kettle and oven / microwave combo. No hob. The bedroom and living room are interconnected. In the hall is also a separate utility room and 2nd toilet located. Washing machine / dryer is optionally present.
The rent of € 985, - includes weekly clean bedlinen / heating / water / electricity, TV / DVD and (Wi-Fi) Internet and use pool.