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Detailing Deployment Strategies with ISA Server 2004
What makes ISA Server stand out as a product is its versatility and capability to play the part of multiple roles in an environment. In addition to the capability to be deployed as a fully functional Application-layer firewall, ISA can also provide web caching, Virtual Private Network support, reverse proxy, and combinations of any of them. It is subsequently important to understand all the potential deployment scenarios for ISA when considering the product for deployment.
Deploying ISA Server 2004 as an Advanced Application-Layer Inspection Firewall
ISA Server 2004 was designed as a full-function firewall that provides for the type of functionality expected out of any other firewall device. At a base level, ISA enables you to block Internet traffic from using a specific port, such as the RPC or FTP ports, to access internal resources. This type of filtering, done by traditional firewalls as well, provides for filtering of Internet Protocol (IP) traffic at the Network layer (Layer 3). The difference between ISA and most other firewalls, however, comes with its capabilities to filter IP traffic at the more complex Application layer (Layer 7). This functionality enables an ISA firewall to intelligently determine whether or not IP traffic contains dangerous payloads, for example.
Because of the advanced IP filtering capabilities of ISA, it is becoming more common to see small to mid-sized organizations deploying ISA Server 2004 as a full-fledged edge firewall, similar to what is shown in Figure 1.3. ISA Server 2004 has passed many of the security tests that have been thrown at it, and it has proven to have firewall functionality beyond many of the more common firewall products on the market today.
Figure 1.3. Deploying ISA Server 2004 as a firewall.
For more information on the capabilities of ISA Server 2004 as a firewall device, refer to Chapter 5.
Securing Applications with ISA Server 2004's Reverse Proxy Capabilities
Although ISA Server 2004 is marketed as an edge firewall, it is more common in organizations, particularly in mid-sized and larger ones, to see it deployed strictly for reverse-proxy capabilities. This functionality enables ISA to protect internal web and other application resources from external threats by acting as a bastion host.
To hosts on the Internet, the ISA Server looks and acts like a regular web or application server. Requests made by the client are then relayed back to the actual machine that performs the services, but not before being inspected for exploits or threats. In addition, it can also be configured to authenticate the user in advance before allowing requests to be relayed back, further securing the infrastructure.
For more information on utilizing the reverse-proxy capabilities of ISA Server, see the chapters in Part III.
Accelerating Internet Access with ISA Server 2004's Web Caching Component
The original function of ISA Server when it was still known as Proxy Server was to act as a simple web proxy for client web traffic. This functionality is still available in ISA Server, even as the focus has been directed more to the system's firewall and VPN capabilities. By enabling the caching service on an ISA Server, many organizations have realized improved access times for web and FTP services, while effectively increasing the available bandwidth of the Internet connection at the same time.
The concept of web and FTP caching in ISA Server 2004 is fairly straightforward. All clients configured to use ISA for caching send their requests for web pages through the ISA server, similar to what is shown in Figure 1.4. If it is the first time that particular page has been opened, the ISA server then goes out to the Internet, downloads the content requested, then serves it back to the client, while at the same time keeping a local copy of the text, images, and other HTTP or FTP content. If another client on the network requests the same page, the caching mechanism delivers the local copy of the page to the user instead of going back to the Internet. This greatly speeds up access to web pages and improves the responsiveness of an Internet connection.
Figure 1.4. Deploying ISA Server 2004 as a web caching server.
An added advantage to using ISA Server 2004 as a content caching server is that all the web traffic that clients request is scanned for exploits and viruses as well, decreasing the threat of clients being infected with spyware, viruses, and other scumware.
For more information on configuring ISA for web and FTP caching, refer to Chapter 8.
Controlling and Managing Client Access to Company Resources with Virtual Private Networks (VPNs)
Some of the more major improvements to ISA Server 2004 have been in the area of Virtual Private Networks (VPNs). VPN functionality has been greatly improved, and the flexibility of the VPN Networks for access rules is robust. Deployment of an ISA Server 2004 VPN solution is an increasingly common scenario for many organizations. The capabilities for clients to securely access internal resources from anywhere in the world is ideal for many organizations.
VPN Deployment with ISA Server 2004 typically involves a secure, encrypted tunnel being set up between clients on the Internet and an Internet-facing ISA firewall. After the clients have authenticated, they are granted access to specific internal resources that are defined by the ISA administrator. The resources that can be accessed can be designated via access rules, so the control can be very granular.
In addition to this control, ISA Server also makes it possible to quarantine VPN users that do not comply with specific rules that can be set up. For example, ISA can be configured to quarantine clients that do not have antivirus programs installed. Different access rules can be configured for the Quarantine VPN Users network as well, restricting their access even further, for example.
Finally, ISA Server also includes the ability to set up site-to-site VPN connections to remote sites across the Internet. This enables networks to be joined across VPN links. An added advantage is that the Internet Key Exchange (IKE) protocol used to set up this connection can also be used to set up a site-to-site VPN between an ISA server and another third-party VPN product.
For more information on working with VPNs in ISA Server 2004, refer to Chapters 9 and 10.
Using the Firewall Client to Control Individual User Access
In addition to the default capability to support traffic from any Internet client (SecureNAT clients), ISA includes the capability to restrict, control, and log individual user firewall access through the installation and configuration of ISA firewall clients. Although it is a less common deployment scenario by virtue of the need to install and support a client component, using the ISA firewall client can create scenarios that are more secure, and also enable an administrator to control firewall policy based on individual users or groups of users.
For more information on deployment scenarios involving the ISA Firewall Client, see Chapter 11, "Understanding Client Deployment Scenarios with ISA Server 2004."
Microsoft Internet Security and Acceleration (ISA) Server 2004 Unleashed
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Oldest-known astrologer's board discovered in Croatia
From LiveScience:
A research team has discovered what may be the oldest astrologer's board, engraved with zodiac signs and used to determine a person's horoscope.
Dating back more than 2,000 years, the board was discovered in Croatia, in a cave overlooking the Adriatic Sea. The surviving portion of the board consists of 30 ivory fragments engraved with signs of the zodiac. Researchers spent years digging them up and putting them back together. Inscribed in a Greco-Roman style, they include images of Cancer, Gemini and Pisces.
The board fragments were discovered next to a phallic-shaped stalagmite amid thousands of pieces of ancient Hellenistic (Greek style) drinking vessels.
An ancient astrologer, trying to determine a person's horoscope, could have used the board to show the position of the planets, sun and moon at the time the person was born.
"What he would show the client would be where each planet is, where the sun is, where the moon is and what are the points on the zodiac that were rising and setting on the horizon at the moment of birth," said Alexander Jones, a professor at the Institute for the Study of the Ancient World at New York University. [See Photos of Astrologer's Board]
"This is probably older than any other known example," Jones said. "It's also older than any of the written-down horoscopes that we have from the Greco-Roman world," he said, adding, "we have a lot of horoscopes that are written down as a kind of document on papyrus or on a wall but none of them as old as this."
Jones and StašoForenbaher, a researcher with the Institute for Anthropological Research in Zagreb, reported the discovery in the most recent edition of the Journal for the History of Astronomy.
A 'King Tut experience'
In 1999, the team was digging near the entrance of the Croatian cave, a site well known to archaeologists and people at the nearby hamlet of Nakovana who simply called it "Spila," which means "the cave," Forenbaher told LiveScience.
But what nobody knew at the time was that the cave had a section that had been sealed off more than 2,000 years ago. Forenbaher's girlfriend (now his wife) burrowed through the debris, discovering a wide low passageway that continued in the dark for nearly 33 feet (10 meters). Forenbaher described going through the passageway as "the unique King Tut experience, coming to a place where nobody has been for a couple of thousand years."
Stepping into the cavern "there was a very thin limestone crust on the surface that was cracking under your feet when you went in, which meant that nobody walked there in a very, very, long time," Forenbaher said.
The team would later determine that it had been sealed off in the first century B.C., possibly in response to a military campaign waged against the local people by the Romans.
When the archaeologists investigated they found the phallic-shaped stalagmite, numerous drinking vessels that had been deposited over hundreds of years, and something else. "In the course of that excavation these very tiny bits and pieces of ivory came up," said Forenbaher, "we didn't even realize what we had at the time."
The team went to work. "What followed was years of putting them together, finding more bits and pieces, and figuring out what they were," Forenbaher said. In the end they found themselves staring at the remains of the oldest-known astrologer's board.
How did the board wind up in the cave?
Archaeologists are not certain how the board came to the cave or where it was originally made. Astrology originated in Babylon far back in antiquity, with the Babylonians developing their own form of horoscopes around 2,400 years ago.
Then around 2,100 years ago, astrology spread to the eastern Mediterranean, becoming popular in Egypt, which at the time was under the control of a dynasty of Greek kings.
"It gets modified very much into what we think of as the Greek style of astrology, which is essentially the modern style of astrology," Jones said. "The Greek style is the foundation of astrology that goes through the Middle Ages and into modern Europe, modern India (and) so on."
Radiocarbon dating shows that the ivory used to create the zodiac images dates back around 2,200 years ago, shortly before the appearance of this new form of astrology.
Researchers are not certain where the board was made although Egypt is a possibility. The ivory itself likely came from an elephant that was killed or otherwise died around that time, they suspect. Being a valuable item, the ivory would have been stored for several decades, or even a century, before it was used to construct the zodiac. These signs would then have been attached to a flat (possibly wooden) surface to create the board, which may have included other elements that didn't survive.
At some point it may have been put on a ship heading through the Adriatic Sea, an important route for commerce that the cave overlooks. The people who lived in Croatia at the time were called Illyrians. Although ancient writers tended to have a low opinion of them, archaeological evidence suggests that they interacted with nearby Greek colonies and were very much a part of the Mediterranean world.
It's possible that an astrologer from one of the Greek colonies came to the cave to give a prediction. A consultation held in the flickering light of the cavern would have been a powerful experience, although perhaps not very convenient for the astrologer.
"It doesn't sound like a very practical place for doing the homework for the horoscope like calculating planetary positions," Jones said.
Another possibility is that the Illyrians traded for or stole the astrology board from someone, not fully understanding what it was used for. The board, along with the drinking vessels, would then have been placed as an offering to a deity worshiped in the cave whose identity is unknown.
"There is definitely a possibility that this astrologer's board showed up as an offering together with other special things that were either bought or plundered from a passing ship," Forenbaher said. He pointed out that the drinking vessels found in the cave were carefully chosen. They were foreign-made, and only a few examples of cruder amphora storage vessels were found with them.
"It almost seems that somebody was bringing out wine there, pouring it and then tossing the amphora away because they [the amphora] were not good enough for the gods, they were not good enough to be deposited in the sanctuary," Forenbaher said.
The phallic-shaped stalagmite, which may have grown on the spot naturally, appears to have been a center for these offerings and for rituals performed in the cavern. Forenbaher cautioned that all stalagmites look phallic to some degree and it's difficult to determine what meaning it had to the people in the cave. "It certainly meant something important," he said.
"This is a place where things that were valued locally, were deposited to some kind of supernatural power, to some transcendental entity or whatever [it was]."
Ancient temple unearthed in Heraion-Teikhos
From Hurriyet Daily News:
Ongoing excavations at the Heraion-Teikhos ancient city in the western province of Tekirdağ have unearthed a temple at the city's acropolis. The temple, belonging to the ancient Thracian civilization, was thought to have disappeared in a fire that occurred in 2 BC. The continuing work at the temple has revealed many interesting artworks thus far, the excavation chairwoman says.
Many important pieces of art have reportedly been unearthed in the northwestern province of Tekirdağ in a temple previously thought to have been destroyed in a fire in 2 B.C.
The ongoing excavations in the pantheon of the ancient city of Heraion-Teikhos in Tekirdağ's Karaevlialtı district started this year at the beginning of August, according to the excavation chairwoman, Professor Neşe Atik from Ahi Evran University's archaeology department.
The excavations, which have been conducted since 2000, have unearthed the ancient Thracian civilization for the first time, Atik said, adding that a team of 40 people, including workers, students, archaeologists and anthropologists, was carrying out the work.
She said that they were working to uncover the temple at the acropolis (the highest hill) of the city. "According to the data we have, we thought that the temple burned down in a fire. We have so far removed statues of gods including Kybele, Eros and Aphrodite as well as bronze coins, amphora and similar pieces from the temple," she said.
This year's excavations are continuing in the northeastern part of the city, the professor added, noting that they had found a square tower with two-and-a-half-meter-deep walls, resembling city walls, during the first excavations and had started to uncover the tower. "The tower is a solemn structure. It should be a part of a gate in the northeast. But we have not found the city walls that are connected to this tower. We understand that the walls were built for defense, because this tower is huge," Atik said, adding that the acropolis covered an area of 300 meters and was surrounded by city walls.
"It is possible to see the continuation of these walls on the coast. Some part of the hill is under protection, just like the tower," she said.
In just one week of work, the temple has yielded very interesting pieces of art, Atik said, noting that dogs were blessed animals in the Thracian civilization. "Dogs were sacrificed for good luck in this period. We saw light yellow spots in the earth when we first started the excavations. And then we found oblation valleys. We found the head of a bull last year, too," she said, noting that the temple had three different phases.
"According to our research, there had been a holy place here since the 6th century. This magnificent temple was built in the 2nd century," Atik said. "This temple sheltered many cultures."
Atik said previous excavations showed that there were different tumulus graves in the northwest part of the acropolis, and they wanted to unearth these graves. "These are extraordinary graves. In this year's project we want to open one or two undisturbed graves. In this way, we will be able to prove that the Thracian men were buried with their wives, because according to the historian Herodotus, Thracian men had many wives," she said. "When they died, their wives wanted to be buried with them. A council chose among these wives and these women were buried with their men. But this information has never been confirmed. We need to excavate an undisturbed grave to get definite information."
The excavations will continue for one month and the area should be set aside to allow the work to continue, Atik added.
Stating that archaeological excavations need a lot of money and patience, Atik said they continued working with the support of the Tekirdağ Governor's Office.
"The Ministry of Culture and Tourism allocated us 30,000 Turkish Liras for this excavation. We have received half of this money so far. It is impossible for us to continue with this amount," Atik said. "Other archaeologists have the same problem as me. Since we don't have a chance to show our daily expenditures like cleaning and eating in an official document, we have a big problem. We need support to reveal our history."
From Hurriyet Daily News
Marriage, Divorce and the Prostitute in Ancient Mesopotamia
"The most shameful custom," Herodotus called it. He was writing, in his account of the events leading up to the war between Greece and Persia, about the goings-on at the temple of Ishtar in Babylon, in which, he claimed, once in her life every woman had to accept the sexual advances of a stranger in exchange for a silver coin in order to fulfill a duty to the goddess.
The most shameful custom the Babylonians have is this: every native woman must go sit in the temple of Aphrodite, once in her life, and have sex with an adult male stranger. Many of them disdain to mix with the rest, on the high horse of wealth, and so drive to the temple on covered carriages, taking their stand with a large retinue following behind them. But many more do as follows: they sit in the sanctuary of Aphrodite, these many women, their heads crowned with a band of bowstring. Some arrive while others depart. Roped-off thoroughfares give all manner of routes through the women and the strangers pass along them as they make their choice. Once a woman sits down there, she does not go home until a stranger drops money in her lap and has sex with her outside the temple. When he drops it he has to say "I call on the goddess Mylitta." Assyrians call Aphrodite Mylitta. The money can be any value at all—it is not to be refused, for that is forbidden, for this money becomes sacred. She follows the first one who drops money and rejects none. When she has had sex, she has performed her religious dues to the goddess and goes home; and from that time on you will never make her a big enough gift to have her. All those who have looks and presence quickly get it over with, all those of them who have no looks wait for a long time unable to fulfill the law—some of them wait for a three- or four-year spell.
This is the fifth and last of the Babylonian customs Herodotus found especially worthy of mention. The first and second, which Herodotus deemed the wisest and second wisest customs, involved a bride market with two auctions (one a straightforward bidding for the most beautiful, the other a Dutch auction for the ugliest [1.196]) and a method of medical diagnosis and treatment by which the Babylonians (whom he claimed had no physicians) laid out their sick in the public square to solicit and take the advice of all passersby who had ever suffered from similar ailments (1.197). The third custom noted by Herodotus is that the Babylonians bury their dead in honey (1.198). And the fourth custom of the five described is a post-coital ritual purification involving incense and washing (1.198).
It is certainly no accident that two of the five "customs" involve illness and death and the other three sex and marriage. These are the hot topics, those that attract and hold the attention of an audience. But, as is now generally accepted among scholars, Herodotus was not talking about a historical Babylon at all, but about the non-Greek "other," about the "anti-type of the Greek polis" by which the Greek population could define itself (Beard and Henderson 1998, 56–79; Kurke 1999). Nonetheless, his fantasies or musings found a receptive audience in antiquity, were echoed in Strabo (16.1.20) and in the apocryphal Letter of Jeremiah (= Baruch) 6:43, and retain their prurient appeal even to a modern audience. Although there is not a single modern piece of scholarship that gives any credence at all to any of Herodotus's other "Babylonian customs"—whether wise or shameful—his story about the ritual defloration and sexual accessibility of common women in the sacred realm ("Babylonian sacred prostitution") remains stubbornly embedded as an accepted fact in the literature…
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This essay is an excerpt from the BOOK
Posted on June 16, 2009 February 12, 2010
Aztec royal tomb discovered in Mexico City
Archaeologists working amid the smog and din of Mexico City may be on the verge of unlocking an extraordinary time capsule.
The leaders of a team exploring a site opened up by earthquake damage believe that they have found the first tomb of an Aztec ruler. If they are right the site may yield one of the great treasures of antiquity, the sort of haul that fires the imagination of people far beyond academic circles.
None of the finds has been put on public display but Britain will get an early preview. Fourteen gold objects from the site will feature in the British Museum's exhibition on Moctezuma II, the last great Aztec ruler. These could prove to be the early pickings of a much richer harvest. Colin McEwan, head of the British Museum's Americas section, said: "There is no question that this has the potential to be a once-in-a-generation find".
The dig is in the middle of what was the Aztec capital, Tenochtitlan. Near by stands the Catedral Metropolitana de la Asunción de María, which was built from the stones of Moctezuma's Templo Mayor, which was destroyed by the Spanish in 1521. The temple's ruins were subsequently lost for nearly five centuries and discovered only by accident in 1978. Colonial buildings built around it made further exploration difficult but an earthquake in 1985 cleared the way for the present dig.
The new finds appear to be offerings left at the entrance to a tomb. Among them is a fearsome stone sculpture of Tlaltecuhtli, goddess of the Earth. Dr Lorenzo López Luján, who discovered it, thinks that it is a capstone to a burial chamber. When archaeologists moved the sculpture in 2007 they found four containers filled with more than 3,000 items, including animal skeletons, a fire god sculpture, blocks of incense and wooden masks.
Next to this they detected what looks like an entrance. Electronic checks indicate that there is an anomaly beyond it, which Dr López Luján believes is a royal tomb, although some suggest it may be the equivalent of an ancient Greek bothro, where offerings to the underworld were placed.
Gold was not especially significant for the Aztecs in religious terms but it was associated with the nobility, another hint that there is a ruler behind the entrance. It won't be Moctezuma, who was killed in 1520, but it could be his predecessor, Ahuitzotl, who ruled from 1486 to 1502.
The archaeologists found several plaster seals, which means that the site has not been looted. Between the seals there are several offerings blocking the entrance, including the skeleton of a dog, an animal that traditionally led the dead to the afterlife. "This is a good signal that under these offerings we will find a royal tomb," Dr López Luján said. "In more than 30 years of excavating this site this is totally new."
Just how rich a seam they have hit will become clear over the next year, probably within months.
Moctezuma: Aztec Ruler runs from September 24 to January 24, 2010 in British Museum
Sardonic grin – mystery solved?
The word 'sardonic' has its roots in the name Sardinia, because a plant commonly found on the island was used in potions which gave corpses a grimace after death.
Researchers have established that chemical compounds in the plant, tubular water-dropwort, cause muscles in the face to contract, producing a strange rictus grin.
"Our discovery supports what many cultural anthropologists have said about death rituals among the ancient Sardinians," said Mauro Ballero, a botanist from Cagliari University in Sardinia.
The plant was used in pre-Roman times for the ritual killing of old people who had become a burden to society.
"According to ancient historians, elderly people unable to support themselves were intoxicated with the herb and then killed by being dropped from a high rock or by being beaten to death," the research team wrote in the latest edition of the US Journal of Natural Products.
"The facial muscular contraction induced by the sardonic herb mimicked a smile, and the expression risus sardonicus (sardonic smile) to indicate a sinister smile is well documented in the Latin and Greek literature and in most modern European languages."
The Greek poet Homer first used the word 'sardonic' after learning that the Punic people who settled Sardinia gave condemned men or elderly people the grimace-inducing potion.
"The Punics were convinced that death was the start of new life, to be greeted with a smile," Dr Ballero told Italy's Ansa news agency.
The plant, which is common on the Mediterranean island, is known in Latin as Oenanthe crocata but to Sardinians as water celery. It is distantly related to carrots and parsnips but is highly poisonous.
The discovery may have applications in medicine today, the research team believe. Its properties could be adapted so that instead of causing muscles to contract, they would cause them to relax – helping people with facial paralysis.
"The good news is that the molecule in this plant may be retooled by pharmaceutical companies to have the opposite effect," said Dr Ballero.
Ancient Death-Smile Potion Decoded?
By the eighth century B.C., Homer had coined the term "sardonic grin"—"sardonic" having its roots in "Sardinia"—in writings referring to the island's ritual killings via grimace-inducing potion.
Elderly people who could no longer care for themselves and criminals "were intoxicated with the sardonic herb and then killed by dropping from a high rock or by beating to death," according to the new study.
For centuries the herb's identity has been a mystery, but study leader Giovanni Appendino and colleagues say they have discovered a sardonic grin-inducing compound in a plant called hemlock water-dropwort.
The white-flowered plant grows on celery-like stalks along ponds and rivers on the island, now part of Italy.
Modern Suicide, Ancient Mystery
About a decade ago, a Sardinian shepherd committed suicide by eating a hemlock water-dropwort, leaving a corpse with a striking grin.
The death spurred study co-author Mauro Ballero, a botanist at the University of Cagliari in Sardinia, to study every dropwort-related fatality on the island in recent decades.
For the new study, Ballero and colleagues detailed the molecular structure of the plant's toxin and determined how it affects the human body.
Study leader Appendino, an organic chemist from the Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale in Italy, said, "The compound is highly toxic and causes symptoms similar to those described by the ancients for the sardonic smile, including facial paralysis."
Hemlock water-dropwort "was already known to contain neurotoxins and was the most likely candidate for the sardonic herb," Appendino said.
The hairy buttercup (aka the Sardinian buttercup) was also a candidate, but that plant doesn't grow in the damp places mentioned in ancient texts, nor does it make sense in terms of its toxic properties, Appendino said.
"Besides, Sardinia is the only place all over the Mediterranean where [hemlock water-dropwort] grows," he added.
A Better Botox?
A member of the deadly hemlock family, the herb is especially dangerous because of its fragrant smell and sweet-tasting roots.
"Generally poisonous plants are bitter or in some way repel people," Appendino said.
Hemlock water-dropwort "is only the second case I know of a toxic plant that is actually attractive to our senses. People might easily eat it in a potion," he added—or perhaps apply it in a lotion.
Appendino speculates that the plant may prove to have a cosmetic application.
"It relaxes the muscles," he said, "so it removes wrinkles."
The Maya suffered for their looks
We may think we make sufficient sacrifices for our idea of beauty, what with false eyelashes, body perforations supporting various bits of metalwork from earrings to tongue studs, toupees and hair extensions, Spanx and padded bras. The Ancient Maya went much farther, however, reshaping their children's skulls and inlaying their own teeth with jade.
"The Maya went to extreme lengths to transform their bodies," Professor Mary Miller reports in the new year issue of Archaeology, the US journal. "They invested vast wealth and endured unspeakable pain to make themselves beautiful."
As an example, Professor Miller cites K'inich Janaab' Pakal, who ruled the western Maya city of Palenque from AD615 to 683, and after his death at the age of 80 was interred in a great carved sarcophagus below the Temple of the Inscriptions. His skeleton shows that soon after his birth, his head was strapped between two cradle-boards to compress it from back to front, not unlike the crystal-skulled aliens in the recent Indiana Jones film.
This left an indentation above his browline, which was emphasised by an artificial nasal bridge, probably of clay or plaster, built up on to his forehead. Although this does not survive in the burial, a stucco portrait head found below the sarcophagus shows it clearly. The head also shows that Pakal's hair was cut in a series of bluntly trimmed tresses, with longer strands on top flopping forward, which Professor Miller interprets as imitating the leaves and corn silk on a maize plant: at the site of Cacaxtla, Maya-style murals show maize cobs on the plant as human heads. Pakal was shown as ever-youthful, like the maize that springs up anew each year.
Pakal's front teeth were filed into an inverted T-shape, marking him as also being the Sun God, something shown on his jade burial mask as well. For many Maya, notably those of the elite, dental decoration was seen as highly desirable.
Teeth, especially the upper incisors and canines were filed and notched in a variety of designs, giving in some cases a distinctly crooked smile. Most striking, however, were the dental inlays: a shallow hole was drilled into the front face of the tooth enamel (using a reed or bone hollow drill and an abrasive such as sand or jade dust), sometimes reaching the dentine within.
Small discs of jade, obsidian or haematite were then cemented into the holes: the plant adhesive was so powerful that many burials found by archaeologists today still have the inlays firmly in place. Up to three discs were inserted into a single tooth, and jade and the other materials were combined to give a flash of apple-green, dull red and shiny black across the mouth; inlays and filing were also
combined. Dental decoration was probably applied as a rite of passage to adulthood, according to Professor Stephen Houston, of Brown University, Rhode Island.
The Maya also painted their bodies, in life and in death. Narrative scenes on polychrome vases show pigments applied to face, chest and buttocks. In death, Pakal's corpse was treated with alternating layers of red and black pigments, Professor Miller reports. Red to the Maya was the colour of the sunrise, black of the sunset, alternating with each other in the diurnal cycle.
Some facial designs are in the form of long strings of dots, especially around the mouth, and when this is shown in sculpture or vase-painting it may be intended to show tattooing rather than just make-up. "Beauty was a way to display social, if not moral, value among the ancient Maya," Professor Miller concludes. "The wealth they invested and pain they endured to create bodies that reflected their social beliefs make our modern-day obsession with beauty seem less excessive."
Archaeology Vol 62 No. 1: 36-42

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


In the long-term, we aim at the conservation of nature and the stimulation of sustainable development in the border regions of Bulgaria as contribution towards the implementation of the European Green Belt.
Ensuring broad institutional and public support for the conservation of nature in the border regions of Bulgaria – Green Belt will serve as a focal point of all efforts aiming at nature conservation and sustainable development in the border regions.
Conservation of wild nature and biological diversity – Green Belt will seek adequate solutions for the preservation of nature in the border regions. We will strive to arrive at consensus between the needs of nature conservation and the wishes of all stakeholders in order to achieve effective protection on both sides of the border. The establishment of large transboundary protected areas will be our main tool.
Establishment of models for the sustainable development of transboundary mountain regions – We will identify modes of economic development that harmonise with the conservation of local nature and we will evaluate their economic potential. We will stimulate the development of economic activities that do not harm ecosystems (organic farming, sustainable tourism, etc.) and preserve the beauty of the landscape.
For over 50 years the border strip between Bulgaria and Greece was a forbidden area for people. This to a certain extent has contributed for preserving the nature in this particular territory. Nowadays this region is a part of the European Green Belt and gives opportunity for sustainable development of the frontier area combined with the nature conservation. The Bulgarian Biodiversity Foundation has a sufficient and long-term experience in declaration and management of protected territories in the region of the Green Belt. These areas are an important precondition for ecotourism development as well as provide opportunities for trans-border collaboration and sustainable development.
A 20 km wide "belt", which is situated along the border between Bulgaria and Greece, has been a forbidden area for people for more than 50 years. The borders between socialistic and a capitalistic country were strictly protected by minefields and barbed-wired enclosures. Furthermore, this frontier encloses the areas that are rich in biodiversity and difficult to access, which leads to slight human impact. Therefore it is not a surprise that in these border areas there are well preserved old-growth forests, as well as some of the steadiest population of species, which are vulnerable to human activities, such as the brown bear and wood-grouse Capercallie.
At the end of 1989, together with the falling of the "Iron Curtain" a gradual clearance of the borders from the barbed wires and the minefields begins. It is obvious that these regions have changed into valuable refuge for many threatened with extinction animal and plant species. In the course of almost 50 years nature resources of the border areas, which extend from Scandinavia to the Black sea and situated between the political systems of the West and the East, are hardly used by humans. This is similar to many regions which are used only by the militarizes.
With an investigation for Robert Bruner, making a research about the most important trans-border protected areas assigned by the European Council, arrives at the conclusion that the regions of the Iron Curtain are in fact of a great importance and with high conservation value. A green belt that is stretched form the Arctic Ocean to the Black sea could become an ecological spine of Europe. In the meantime the European green belt is also a symbol of the union between the East and the West - for the trans-border collaboration towards the preservation of nature and sustainable development. The European Green Belt unites the people regardless of the borders and shows that the united Europe has not only cultural but also natural heritage.
The European Green Belt is the only one of its kind ecological corridor which is 6800 km long and is located along the borders of the 22 countries from the ex Iron Curtain between East and West Europe. Therefore, one of the biggest environmental organisation in the world (IUCN) starts the initiative European Green Belt. A number of governments, nongovernmental organisations and business representatives stand behind the great idea which aims at the conservation of the valuable territories and stimulation of sustainable development in the border areas.
The Bulgarian-Swiss Biodiversity Conservation Program (BSBCP) starts in 1994 as an intergovernmental initiative for procurement and execution of the Swiss help for nature conservation in Bulgaria. Management Council included members of the Swiss Confederation, the Ministry of Environment and Water of Bulgaria, as well as Swiss and Bulgarian conservation organisations. One of the main tasks for BSBCP (nowadays Bulgarian Biodiversity Foundation) was to contribute for the development of the national network of protected areas and their efficient management. Over 15 protected territories were established with our support. We also helped the elaboration of management plans for some of the most valuable protected areas (Pirin National Park, Strandja Nature Park, Durankulasko Lake Protected Site, Shablensko Lake Protected Site, Atanasovsko Lake Reserve etc.).
From the very beginning of the Foundation's formation, the Eastern Rhodopes has been a prime work region. National Biodiversity strategy evaluates it as one of the richest in biodiversity and less studied Bulgarian territories.
In 1994 BSBCP started to finance large scale biodiversity studies in the Eastern Rhodopes.
As a result of this, by the end of 2002, 12 new protected areas were proposed and declared – most of them located in the very heart of the Rhodopes Mountains. Most of the Bulgarian populations of Griffon and Egyptian vultures, as well as Black storks inhabit this area. BSBCP supported the construction of the Nature Information and Conservation Centre Eastern Rhodopes(NICCER) of Bulgarian Society for the Protection of Birds in Madjarovo in order to protection of those species and providing opportunities for sustainable development of the region. Nowadays the Arda valley and its protected areas are one of most popular destinations for ecotourism in Bulgaria. More than 2000 people visited and spent the night in NICCER in Madjarovo in 2006. The incomes from the tourists represent a sizable part for the municipality's economy.
Fifteen years ago at Bulgarian South border with Greece there were 68 minefields along 71km line. Their removal began in 1992. However, due to the lack of funds merely 10% of the mines in this region were cleared by Mart 1998. After that the clearance accelerates and all the mines are neutralised by 31st of October 1999. Thereupon, BBF initiated scientific studies in the area of the hills Myglenik and Giumiurdjinski snejnik. A year later the hill Myglenik was proposed to be included in the future Nature park East Rhodopes and to be designated a protected site in the region of the hill Giumiurdjinski snejnik.
Due to the cooperation of BBF with the local communities, the structures of National Forest Board and the MoEW the area of Guimuirdjinski snejnik was declared as a protected site in 2003. Its total area is 1926,40 ha. Its goal is to preserve the last remained mixed old-growth forests of beech, fir and mountain sycamore in East Rhodopes, as well as habitats of threatened with extinction plant and animal species. The Giumiurdjinski snejnik is the furthest eastern distribution of Rhodopian Lilly. A part of the century old mixed woods have never been used. They keep a unique tree diversity and some places with Yew (Taxus baccata) and Holly (Ilex aquifolium) . Not long ago the natural character of the region attracted brown bears, which disappeared after the construction of the wind parks close to the Greek border in the neighboring hill Myglenik.
The protected area "Giumiurdjinski snejnik" is managed and guarded by the Forestry District Kirkovo. The profound studies, the fully evaluation of the biodiversity in the century old forests and treeless zone, as well as the elaboration of a Management plan are of the most important priorities. The protected territory touches the Greek Natura 2000 place GR1130012. The BBF studies in the area were used from Balkan Wildlife Society in order to determinate the borders of the protected zone East Rhodopes BG0001032.
In that way for the period of 9 years (1994-2003), the area of the protected territories in Eastern Rhodopes increased five times and reached 8478, 26 hectares in the end of year 2003.
Fig. 1 Map of the protected areas in Eastern Rhodopes.
During the period 2005-2007 BBF organised studies in the border areas of the Middle and West Rhodopes in the region of Myglenik hill to Trigrad with the aim to propose protected zones and territories. Our team found a couple of regions with century old woods and preserved nature which are inhabited by vital populations of brown bear, capercaillies , white-backed woodpecker, Rhodopean lilyand other rare and endemic plants and animals species. As a result 5 new protected territories were proposed for declaration and our documentation was used from Balkan Wildlife Society in specifying the borders of the Bulgarian Natura 2000 areas Cigansko gradishte BG0000372 and the West Rhodopes BG0001030.
The protected site "Dolen" is proposed for preserving century old oak forest. Although the area is below 100 ha, it is a unique territory considering the fact that some of the trees are at age over 130 years. The century old wood attracts several couples black woodpeckers, which is one of the favorite bird for observation to the tourist birdwatchers. The proposed protected area is located between village of Dolen and Zlatograd and it is also really appropriate for ecotourism.
The protected site "Marzian" is proposed with the purpose of conservation of the beech forests which are suitable habitats for capercaillie and brown bear. It will protect also the watersheds which ensure the drinking waters for the municipalities of Rudozem and Madan. This is the location of the most eastward population of the capercaillie on the Balkans. This population is unique also due to the fact that it inhabits beech forests. The proposedprotected site is spread at length over 10 km along the border with Greece. It borders with the Greek National Rhodopes Park in the south. At the region of the border line there are habitats of Rhodopean lily and other rare plant species. Both capercallies and brown bears inhabit the spit of land close to the frontier line and cross the border several times a day.
The protected area "Cigansko gradishte" is proposed in order to protect an old growth beech forest, the woodless zone, the populations and habitats of brown bears and capercaillies. Couples of bears inhabit the region of the boundary line and daily cross it. In the past the adjoining Greek rock formations were inhabited by Chamois. Nowadays, they appear periodically. Unfortunately, they are quickly shot at by Greek and Bulgarian poachers. Several habitats of capercaillies have been destroyed during timber harvesting activities. Therefore, one of the main goals of the future protected area would be the conservation of the capercaillie's population which inhabits the beech forests. The protected area borders with the Greek National Rhodopes Park and with the Natura 2000 place GR1120003 that is included in it. In the woodless zone there are peat swamps and Rhodopean lily.
A rock hill - "Kozite skali", located10 km north from the border and close to Rudozem, was proposed as Natural Monument. In the past those rocks have been inhabited by Chamois. The Natural Monument is small (about 300 ha) but it is extremelyinteresting because it would conserve not only the rock complexes but also one of the last preserved old-growth oak and beech forests in the region. In the future it could be an appropriate location for the recovery of the Chamois. A couple of black storks is been observed and it is presumed that it nests on the rock formation.
Our last proposal is the protected area "Gerzovica" which includes the homonymous area of the region of Smolyan to the village of Kesten as well as the region of Devin. It supplements from the North the Greek National Rhodopes Park and the included in it sites from Natura 2000 - GR1140001 and GR1140007. This particular territory is proposed with the purpose of conserving the habitats of trans-border populations of capercaillies, brown bears and Chamois. In 2007 a several small peat swamps were discovered precisely at the border. They would be studied during 2008. There is a great probability for these swamps to be proved to be a new type of habitat "Active raised bogs"- unknown till now in Bulgaria.
Fig. 2 Indicative map that consists three new proposed protected areas –Tzigansko gradishte Protected site, Marzian Protected site and Kozi skali Natural Monument.
A great number of the animals that inhabits these protected areas cross the border every day. The griffon vultures which nests along the valley of Arda river, regularly fly over to the National Dadia Forest Park in Greece and the GR11300012 site of Natura 2000. The colonies from the two countries are connected together and some pairs regularly nest one year in Greece, next year in Bulgaria. The only colony of Black Vultures inhabits the National Park Dadia Forest but the birds regularly seek for food and spend the night in Bulgaria.
One of the most stable populations of the capercaillie, brown bear and the Chamois are along the border line. Unfortunately, during the last years the poaching in some areas increase. A typical example is the regular illegal hunting by Bulgarian hunters for Chamois in the Greek National Rhodopes Park. The solution of this problem and as a whole the conservation of the biodiversity in the region would be impossible without the radical improvement of the trans-border collaboration.
These territories are important for long term protection of a number of rare and endemic species both in Bulgaria and Greece. The region has a great potential for the development of ecotourism. We have already been working with the tour operators for sustainable tourism development and more precisely for observation of bears, Chamois and capercaillies. With that purpose BBF organises promotion of the alternative tourism among the local communities and works towards building connections between local ecotourism suppliers and travel agencies.
With Bulgaria's joining to Schengen after 2 years, a great number of direct tourist tours would be made between Bulgarian and Greek protected areas.
We hope that during the future 5 years will be established several trans-border protected areas in the region. They will guarantee the conservation of the unique nature of the Green belt and would contribute to the local sustainable development on the both sides of the boundary line.
Stoichev S., A. Petrova. 2003. Protected territories in East Rhodopes and Sakar Mountain, BSPB, page 48.
Kostadinova, I., M. Gramatikov. 2007. Ornithological important areas in Bulgaria and Natura 2000. BSPB, Sofia, page 644.


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currently inAustralia
The Water Story
Communication Intelligence for water crisis
Water, sanitation and the schoolyard
Posted on October 14, 2020 October 27, 2020 by Kasun in Bengaluru, Karnataka, India, Text
Story by Samara McRae
Many places in India face a water crisis of some sort, and this is certainly true of the country's government schools which often struggle with poor sanitation and water shortages. Improving the situation requires fresh thinking and new ideas.
In this article we take a look at three different approaches.
Better, cleaner treatment
While the government has made it mandatory for all government schools to install sewage treatment plants (STPs), they can be costly and difficult to maintain.
Sewage treatment involves the process of removing contaminants from wastewater.
Eco-Paradigm, an engineering company which implements sustainable and eco-friendly treatment projects said mostSTP systems are expensive to build and operate, and require constant power, experienced operators, and extensive maintenance.
But Eco-Paradigm, Manager, Ayeesha Khanam said her company has built a different type of STP, a type of purpose- built decentralised wastewater treatment system (DTS) which is more sustainably efficient than other STPs.
"There are no motors, no pumps, no extra energy required for running the plant and unlike other STPs, they don't require daily maintenance," she said.
"This technology can re-use water for flushing, gardening and cleaning."
Decentralised water systems can provide a sustainable source of high quality non-potable water for regions in need of water resources, and have a much lower environmental impact as they do not discharge waste into waterways.
Which makes them well suited to schools.
Eco-Paradigm have installed their DWS treatment plants in a number of schools throughout Bangalore and Chennai, and while these schools are government funded, it was funding from the Pollution Control Board that paid for the plants.
"There should be funding from the government to install them in all schools around the country," Khanam said.
Students making changes
Throughout Bangalore many schools, students and organisations are becoming agents of change when it comes to addressing water issues.
Prakriya Green Wisdom School is one school taking water seriously.
With green trees all around the school and towering over every building, students enjoy gardening, going for scheduled nature walks and a number of other activities on a daily basis that foster a sense of being earth citizens.
With six hundred students, their impact isn't huge, but with matters like rain harvesting, water conservation and sustainability integrated into their curriculum, these young ones are well positioned to be leaders of water and climate discussions into the future.
Prakriya believes their students will be the ones who face the brunt of climate change and its consequences if they don't act now.
With the district often ravaged by water shortages and distribution issues, the school is concerned these pressures of urbanisation may affect their holistic and ecological way.
Facilitator at Prakriya Green Wisdom School, Geetha Nadarajan says the school ran out of water once and had to get its supply from water tankers.
"The children are (now) doing a lot of conservation," she said.
"Most water resources are depleting, and the groundwater is depleting, so better we conserve the water we are using now, rather than wasting it."
The school currently maintains four borewells on campus and a collection tank, with a basic filter, holding 5000 litres of water.
But while Prakriya is taking a proactive approach to water conservation, Ayeesha Khanam explains most schools – including Prakriya itself, have not thought to treat wastewater or reuse it.
"(DTS's) are a way to treat the water and reuse it and save it."
But that's not the worst of it.
When faced with power outages, schools with conventional STP's, like Prakriya have installed, could face an even bigger problem.
"You can't use (an STP) plant when the power is cut off," Khanam said, adding that a DTS system can continue to filter water without an electrical supply.
If an STP water filter has switched off, children are left drinking poor-quality water which can affect children's health, wellbeing and education.
Clean water essentials
One of the projects undertaken by the Bangalore Rotary Clubs is installing filters, wash stations and toilet blocks in government funded schools.
President of the Bangalore Club (2018), Dr Venkat, said 10 wash stations (have been) installed in government schoolsso far.
"(We) need funding for 20 more wash stations and toilet blocks," Dr Venkat said.
The club is also in the middle of finalising a project at a school in Gurghantapalya, Bangalore to improve bathroom infrastructure.
Dr Venkat says the drop-out rate for children in Bangalore is about 5 percent at the elementary level and increases to about 18 percent for high school students – with at least some of the latter figure attributed to poor school sanitation.
This is linked to girls having difficulties with the poor quality of sanitation facilities when they are menstruating.
The hope is the Gurghantapalya project, like the others will see schoolchildren able to attend classes without having to worry about the hygiene and sanitation issues they face.
Samara McRae is a Gold Coast based journalism and communications student focusing on international news. She has worked at Radio Metro since 2018 broadcasting on stations though network of stations including 105.7 Radio Metro and 4EB. Ms McRae interned with Channel 7 news at the Gold Coast and with the Brisbane and Gold Coast based Fotomedia creative agency. (See: LinkedIn).
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The 2019 Grammy Awards are underway and the red carpet is filled with the biggest names in music.
Camilla Cabello was one of the first stars to hit the carpet and she stole the show right away in her sparkling magenta dress. Host Alicia Keys was joined by her husband Swizz Beatz, while Meghan Trainor walked the carpet with her new husband, Daryl Sabara.
Miley Cyrus made it a family affair with her mom and dad and Best New Artist nominee Margo Price was joined by her baby bump!
Click here to see all the stars and keep checking back for more!


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Windows smashed in Colston Hall and boxers defending the Victoria Rooms, Bristol's militant suffragette history revealed
Bristol's sites of Suffragette protest and sabotage have been officially recognised on the nation's Heritage List
18:51, 8 JUN 2018
Well-known Bristol sites have had their hidden histories revealed and preserved in the official records by Historic England.
One of them is the Victoria Rooms, where suffragettes hired professional boxers to keep medical students from bursting in and disrupting a speech by Mrs Pankhurst.
The Bristol locations are two of more than 40 sites, from post boxes to prisons, which have had their links to the suffragette movement officially recognised.
The site are already listed buildings but until now there had been no official record of their links with the campaign.
100 most famous and infamous women from Bristol's past
The Victoria rooms saw boxers on the door to stop students breaking up meetings
The Victoria Rooms
The Victoria Rooms played an important part in the local campaign for women's suffrage.
Bristol had a thriving branch of the Women's Social and Political Union (WSPU), the militant suffrage organisation founded in Manchester by Emmeline Pankhurst in 1903.
When Winston Churchill was whipped in Bristol
The Union used the Victoria Rooms for its regular 'At Home' meetings from 1908.
The building also hosted large public meetings featuring national suffragette speakers including Emmeline Pankhurst, Christabel Pankhurst and Emmeline Pethick Lawrence.
The WSPU's use of militancy was controversial and its meetings were often targeted by groups of young men intent on disruption.
In 1908 the Union employed professional boxers to keep medical students from interrupting Mrs Pankhurst's speech at the Victoria Rooms.
Colston Hall in Bristol.
Colston Hall
Colston Hall was an important site of activity by the WSPU. In 1906 the Union moved its headquarters to London and built up a network of branches across Britain.
Bristol developed a thriving WSPU branch under the leadership of Annie Kenney, a member of the Union's national committee who worked as its organiser in the city from 1907-1912.
The WSPU used large public meetings as a way of building local branches, and Christabel Pankhurst and Emmeline Pankhurst both came to address meetings at Colston Hall.
It was also a venue for more militant suffragette activities; its windows were smashed as part of a suffragette protest in November 1909, and meetings by Liberal politicians were disrupted.
The 47 things you might not know about Bristol
The most prominent protest was in May 1909 when Elsie Howey and Vera Holme hid in the hall overnight to disrupt a speech by Augustine Birrell, a strong opponent of women's right to vote.
They interrupted the meeting from their hiding place in the organ loft with shouts of 'votes for women' before they were violently thrown out by stewards.
Other sites include a postxos in Hampstead, London which was damaged after suffragettes poured oil into it and set it on fire.
Another famous location is the Prince's Stand at Epsom Racecourse, where Emily Wilding Davison died after she was struck by the king's horse.


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Daniel Greenfield
Soros General Demands Purge of Military
Daniel Greenfield February 03, 2022
The United States has Soros prosecutors who have turned our cities into violent hellholes where criminals run loose, Soros politicians who wage war on this nation from the ramparts of their offices, and Soros generals who advocate for political purges of the nation's military.
Recently the Washington Post ran an op-ed from three retired generals, Antonio Taguba, an immigrant who had accused America of war crimes during the fight against Islamic terrorists in Iraq, Steven Anderson, a board member of the left-wing VoteVets, and Paul Eaton, a senior VoteVets adviser, urging that the military prepare for a "2024 insurrection" in proper Soviet style.
The three left-wing ex-generals called for "intensive intelligence work" to "identify, isolate and remove potential mutineers" and "guard against efforts by propagandists."
A Commie commissar couldn't have said it any better than Taguba, Anderson, and Eaton.
These "propagandists" and "mutineers" are not the members of the pro-Hillary "Resistance" who pledged to undermine and sabotage the Trump administration in 2016. Nor are they the Democrats who insisted that President George W. Bush was illegitimately elected.
Only conservatives are up for the purge.
Or as Eaton had tweeted before the election, "The empty shirt in the White House deserves your contempt. Aiding and abetting is treason. What American could vote for such a person? I know: a traitor."
That's rich coming from the board member of a Hungarian Nazi collaborator's pet project.
Shortly thereafter Eaton spoke to NPR which, like the Washington Post, did not bother identifying VoteVets as a left-wing group or explaining to readers that his hatred for Republicans knows no bounds. Nor did it inform readers or listeners that Eaton is a board member of the Quincy Institute for Responsible Statecraft which was co-funded by George Soros and the remaining Koch brother.
Eaton told NPR that military leaders needed to "war-game the possibility of a problem and what we are going to do" while warning that the United States is "compromised... as far as 39% of the Republican Party refusing to accept President Biden as president." He suggested that a scenario in which the military is "compromised" needs to be "addressed in a future war game held well in advance of 2024."
Remember when we held war games to fight our enemies rather than to purge our own people?
Eaton, a Hillary Clinton adviser, isn't however worried about the 33% of Clinton supporters who claimed that Trump was not the legitimate winner right after the election, or the 56% of Democrats who viewed him as illegitimate a year later. Polls actually show that much higher numbers thought that Bush and Trump were illegitimately elected than the number that thought Obama and Biden were illegitimately elected. Should the military be purging Dems or holding "war games" to determine what will happen if Democrats try to live out their coup fantasies?
Dems would be the first to denounce that as McCarthyism.
Eaton keeps trying to pass off the dangerous idea that military personnel, active or retired, being skeptical about the legitimacy of an election is an existential threat. That's un-American.
While Eaton doled out fearmongering about the role of the military during a contested election, the only tangible example he managed to offer was the Flag Officers 4 America letter which was signed by retired officers and raised serious questions about the election and other issues, but at no point in time urged active duty military personnel to do anything to interfere in the process.
In response to an apparent NPR question about how a coup could play out, Eaton referred to a lack of the "clear-cut understanding, that can infect the rank and file or at any level in the U.S. military" using as his example the "124 retired generals and admirals signed a letter contesting the 2020 election."
When a difference of opinion among retired officers is defined as a threat, that is a threat against all Americans.
Eaton has spent his retirement taking all sorts of radical political stands, including actually suggesting that military leaders undermine President Trump, yet insists on trying to smear patriotic retired military leaders because they have expressed criticisms of Biden.
"Will the Air Force Chief of Staff comply or do what generals know how to do. Slow roll for a few weeks to allow sanity to kick in?" Eaton had tweeted, suggesting that Air Force leaders sabotage President Trump's decisions.
Trump "must be stopped in his aggression against Iran," the board member of a pro-Iran group had tweeted.
"How many Americans died with blood on Trump's hands? What does Putin have on you Trump?" he tweeted another time. He described all Trump supporters as, "sedition in pure form".
That's a small sampling of unhinged tweets by the board member of a seditious Soros group.
Eaton would like the privilege to engage in these rants while going after patriotic officers for even expressing the least bit of concern about the abuses of his extremist political party.
The constant references to Flag Officers 4 America makes it abundantly clear that this is about using a manufactured crisis to intimidate officers, retired or active, threatening the former and purging the latter. After a Washington Post op-ed, an NPR interview, and a Newsweek article, Eaton and the media hacks writing about him have come up with no meaningful examples.
"If there is any doubt in the loyalty and the willingness to follow the oath of the United States, the support and defend part of the U.S. Constitution, then those folks need to be identified and addressed in some capacity," Eaton told NPR.
Did he mean the West Point cadet displaying "Communism Will Win" written on his cap?
The only widespread effort by supporters of a political party to sabotage a sitting president by forming covert organizations within the government was directed by Dems at President Trump.
But any effort to root out the members of the so-called "resistance", let alone any active duty member who did not believe that Bush or Trump were legitimately elected, would have led to cries of McCarthyism. And yet the lefties who are quickest to cry McCarthyism are also the loudest voices demanding a purge of conservatives from the military for questioning Biden.
While the Soros general amps up paranoia about a civil war and urges having military leaders "war game" election outcomes, there have been plenty of contested elections, much more seriously so in the nineteenth century, without any proposed purges of the military.
If General "Fighting Joe" Wheeler could serve as a general for the Confederacy and then command the cavalry in the Spanish–American War, overseeing, among others, Teddy Roosevelt, then the military is big enough to survive political differences of opinion.
And still fight on the same team against our foreign enemies: whether it's China, Iran, or Soros.
The trouble is that the Left has manufactured a threat from the military in order to conduct a political purge of political dissent. There has never been any question about the loyalty of the rank and file, but there ought to be grave questions about the loyalty of those doing the purging.
And what they intend to do with the military that requires them to purge patriots from its ranks.
While Democrats go after dead Confederate generals, we ought to look at living Soros generals.
Daniel Greenfield is a Shillman Journalism Fellow at the David Horowitz Freedom Center. This article previously appeared at the Center's Front Page Magazine.
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Tags: military, recent, Soros
About Daniel Greenfield
Daniel Greenfield is a journalist investigating Islamic terrorism and the Left. He is a Shillman Journalism Fellow at the David Horowitz Freedom Center
Posted by: Daniel Greenfield at February 03, 2022
Our military is a paradox. In a free country
and staffed by citizens, soldiers are not free.
Obey or prison; you can't quit. Except some
exercise power downward, but disobey the
Commander-in-Chief. Why? Smarter? Or just
more narcissistic? Dangerous jerks!
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Instead of strategizing to defeat our enemies, he's defeating America.
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Daniel Greenfield is a conservative columnist and investigative journalist who is a Shillman Journalism Fellow at the David Horowitz Freedom Center. His op-eds have appeared in Newsweek, the Jerusalem Post, INN , the Jewish Press, JNS, and Townhall.
Quoted by Rush Limbaugh , Mark Steyn , Mark Levin , Daniel Pipes , Glenn Reynolds , Lou Dobbs , Dick Morris, Ed Driscoll , Richard Fernandez, Caroline Glick , Pamela Geller, Robert Spencer , Victor Davis Hanson , National Review and FOX News.
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text:
Q: tensorflow: gcc: error: unrecognized command line option '--copt=-msse4.2' I was lead to the official tensorflow guide to install it from source, in order to resolve warning such as The TensorFlow library wasn't compiled to use SSE4.1 instructions, but these are available on your machine and could speed up CPU computations, it seems like they've left out the most important part regarding how the optimization flags are to be specified during configuration (./configure).
Feeding them incorrectly has lead to the following errors resulted in errors like these when building with invalid configurations(bazel build --config=opt //tensorflow/tools/pip_package:build_pip_package):
...
gcc: error: unrecognized command line option '--copt=-mavx'
gcc: error: unrecognized command line option '--copt=-mavx2'
gcc: error: unrecognized command line option '--copt=-mfma'
gcc: error: unrecognized command line option '--copt=-msse4.1'
gcc: error: unrecognized command line option '--copt=-msse4.2'
gcc: error: unrecognized command line option '--copt=-mavx'
gcc: error: unrecognized command line option '--copt=-mavx2'
gcc: error: unrecognized command line option '--copt=-mfma'
gcc: error: unrecognized command line option '--copt=-msse4.1'
gcc: error: unrecognized command line option '--copt=-msse4.2'
Target //tensorflow/tools/pip_package:build_pip_package failed to build

What is the right way to specify the optimization flags?

A: Had a similar problem putting the following in my "./configure":
Please specify optimization flags to use during compilation when bazel option "--config=opt" is specified [Default is -march=native]:
--copt=-mavx --copt=-mavx2 --copt=-mfma --copt=-mfpmath=both --copt=-msse4.1 --copt=-msse4.2

As linked by reubenjohn , in the gcc doc, '-march=whatever' is at the same level as say '-msse4.1', thus, '--copt=' has to be removed as these options are in fact directly fed to gcc.
Solved by putting instead:
Please specify optimization flags to use during compilation when bazel option "--config=opt" is specified [Default is -march=native]:
-mavx -mavx2 -mfma -mfpmath=both -msse4.1 -msse4.2

A: Chances are you may have missed out the part where the guide specifies:

We recommend accepting the default (-march=native), which will optimize the generated code for your local machine's CPU type. However, if you are building TensorFlow on one CPU type but will run TensorFlow on a different CPU type, then consider specifying a more specific optimization flag as described in the gcc documentation.

And in the gcc documentation, you will find listings such as:

-mmmx
  -mno-mmx
  -msse
  -mno-sse
  -msse2
  -mno-sse2
  -msse3
  -mno-sse3
  -mssse3
  -mno-ssse3
  -msse4.1
  -mno-sse4.1
  -msse4.2
  -mno-sse4.2
  -msse4
  -mno-sse4
  -mavx
  -mno-avx
  -maes
  -mno-aes
  -mpclmul
  -mno-pclmul
  -msse4a
  -mno-sse4a
  -mfma4
  -mno-fma4
  -mxop
  -mno-xop
  -mlwp
  -mno-lwp
  -m3dnow
  -mno-3dnow
  -mpopcnt
  -mno-popcnt
  -mabm
  -mno-abm

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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Wandsbek () is an urban quarter in the Wandsbek borough of Hamburg, Germany, and the former city Wandsbek in the Duchy of Holstein. In 2020 the population was 36,671.

History
Wandsbek was once part of the county Stormarn. Its villages were first mentioned in the middle of the 13th century. The name Wandsbek, Wandsbeck or (older) Wantesbeke derives from old Low Saxon ("Low German") for "border river" and the river Wandse was a natural territorial border.

An old Danish phrase for stating that something is a fraud / unreliable is to claim that "det gælder ad Wandsbek[/Vandsbæk] til" (i.e. "this is valid in Wandsbeck."). Wandsbek was one of the three locations in the Danish monarchy where the first lottery drew its numbers, and this expression dates from the early years of this lottery's life where a number of people tried to claim prizes in Copenhagen with tickets from Wandsbeck. Since each of the three towns drew its own set of numbers, a ticket from one town was worthless in the two others.

Until 1864 Wandsbek was a part of the Duchy of Holstein and under the rule of the King of Denmark. Afterwards, it became part of the Prussian province Schleswig-Holstein.

In 1937 the still Prussian city of Wandsbek joined the city of Hamburg through the Greater Hamburg Act.

Geography
The quarter Wandsbek has an area of 6 km2. The western border is to the quarter Dulsberg in the borough Hamburg-Nord. The northern border to Bramfeld is the small river Osterbek. In the east are the quarters Farmsen-Berne and Tonndorf. The southern border to the quarter Marienthal is mostly the railway tracks of the city train.

Demographics
In 2006, 32,350 people were living in the quarter Wandsbek. The population density was 5,397 people per km2. 11.7% were children under the age of 18, and 21.9% were 65 years of age or older. 14.5% were immigrants. 1,754 people were registered as unemployed. In 1999 there were 19,083 households, out of which 14.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them and 54.1% of all households were made up of individuals. The average household size was 1.72.

In 2006 there were 5,306 criminal offences in quarter (164 crimes per 1000 people).

According to the Department of Motor Vehicles (Kraftfahrt-Bundesamt), in the quarter Wandsbek were 11,771 private cars registered (365 cars/1000 people).

There were 5 elementary schools and 3 secondary schools in the quarter Wandsbek.

Infrastructure

Health systems
Founded 1937 as a military hospital for German Wehrmacht, the military hospital of the Bundeswehr (Bundeswehrkrankenhaus Hamburg) with 305 beds in 13 departments is a general hospital and teaching hospital for the University of Hamburg. The hospital has the capacity to dispatch emergency medical services. An emergency ambulance with a physician and a rescue helicopter are stationed at the hospital. It is located at Lesserstr. 180.

Some 52 physicians in private practice and 9 pharmacies were counted in 2006.

Wandsbek in literature
From 1771 to 1775, the German poet Matthias Claudius edited the highly reputed literary journal Wandsbecker Bote in Wandsbek.

Notes

References

 Statistical office Hamburg and Schleswig-Holstein Statistisches Amt für Hamburg und Schleswig-Holstein, official website
 Website of the Wandsbek Military Hospital (Bundeswehrkrankenhaus Hamburg)
 List of hospitals in Hamburg 2006, Government Agency for Social Affairs, Family Affairs, Health and Environment of Hamburg website

External links

Quarters of Hamburg
Wandsbek

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


The team had the task to develop an elegant and convenient online store for the furniture store. After examining the target audience of the customer, we stopped at a minimalist design, without unnecessary elements, and maximum functionality.
Working on wiframes and constantly asked myself the question - what functionality is most important to the user at this stage? And based on this determined the location of elements on the screen.
We analyzed a lot of different functions that are often present in various online stores in order to select only the functionality that we really need. Maximum convenience and nothing extra - this is our approach to this project.
We chose white as the main background, so that it would not distract the user's attention from the store's products. For the functional elements, blue / cyan and shades of gray were chosen. In general, we tried to make the design light and minimalistic, following the latest trends.
Mobile traffic already yields more than 50% of visitors for a long time, and continues to grow every year. That is why we pay special attention to the adaptability of all the websites we are working on, and guarantee the maximum convenience of using them on all popular platforms.


text:
China Says Earth Bound Tiangong 1 Space Lab Will Offer 'Splendid' Show
China Says Earth-Bound Tiangong-1 Space Lab Will Offer 'Splendid' Show
By Agence France-Presse | Updated: 31 March 2018 18:58 IST
Photo Credit: Twitter/ @SETIInstitute
A defunct space laboratory that will plunge back to Earth in the coming days is unlikely to cause any damage, Chinese authorities say, but will offer instead a "splendid" show akin to a meteor shower.
China's space agency said that the roughly eight-tonne Tiangong-1 will re-enter the atmosphere some time between Saturday and Monday. The European Space Agency on Friday gave smaller window between Saturday night and late Sunday evening GMT.
But there is "no need for people to worry", the China Manned Space Engineering Office (CMSEO) said on its WeChat social media account.
Such falling spacecraft do "not crash into the Earth fiercely like in sci-fi movies, but turn into a splendid (meteor shower) and move across the beautiful starry sky as they race towards the Earth", it said.
The lab was placed in orbit in September 2011 and had been slated for a controlled re-entry, but it ceased functioning in March 2016 and space enthusiasts have been bracing for its fiery return.
The ESA said the lab will make an "uncontrolled re-entry" as ground teams are no longer able to fire its engines or thrusters, though a Chinese spaceflight engineer denied earlier this year that it was out of control.
The updated re-entry estimate by ESA is slightly later than its previous calculations. The agency said in a blog post that calmer space weather was now expected as a high-speed stream of solar particles did not cause an increase in the density of the upper atmosphere, as previously expected.
Such an increase in density would have pulled the spacecraft down sooner, it said, adding that the new re-entry window is still uncertain and "highly variable".
Beijing sees its multi-billion-dollar space programme as a symbol of the country's rise. It plans to send a manned mission to the moon in the future.
China sent another lab into orbit, the Tiangong-2, in September 2016 and is a stepping stone to its goal of having a crewed space station by 2022.
Experts have downplayed any concerns about the Tiangong-1 causing any damage when it hurtles back to Earth, with the ESA noting that nearly 6,000 uncontrolled re-entries of large objects have occurred over the past 60 years without harming anyone.
The CMSEO said the probability of someone being hit by a meteorite of more than 200 grammes is one in 700 million.
'Spectacular show'
During the uncontrolled re-entry, atmospheric drag will rip away solar arrays, antennas and other external components at an altitude of around 100 kilometres (60 miles), according to the Chinese space office.
The intensifying heat and friction will cause the main structure to burn or blow up, and it should disintegrate at an altitude of around 80 kilometres, it said.
Most fragments will dissipate in the air and a small amount of debris will fall relatively slowly before landing, most likely in the ocean, which covers more than 70 percent of the Earth's surface.
Jonathan McDowell, an astronomer at the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, estimates that the Tiangong-1 is the 50th most massive uncontrolled re-entry of an object since 1957.
"Much bigger things have come down with no casualties," McDowell told AFP.
"This thing is like a small plane crash," he said, adding that the trail of debris will scatter pieces several hundred kilometres apart.
At an altitude of 60-70 kilometres, debris will begin to turn into "a series of fireballs", which is when people on the ground will "see a spectacular show", he said.
China will step up efforts to coordinate with the United Nations Office for Outer Space Affairs as the re-entry nears, foreign ministry spokesman Lu Kang told reporters on Friday.
"I want to highlight that we attach importance to this issue and we've been dealing with it very responsibly in accordance with relevant laws and regulations," Lu said.
"What I've heard is the possibility of large amounts of debris falling to the ground is very slim."
Further reading: Tiangong-1, China Manned Space Engineering Office, European Space Agency, Tiangong-1 Crash
Xiaomi Mi Band HRX Edition Gets Green, Orange Colour Straps
Russian Hacker Accused of Compromising LinkedIn, Dropbox Pleads Not Guilty
China's Tiangong Space Lab Mostly Burns Up on Re-Entry in South Pacific


The branch websites platform is still very, very new. Initial development has focused on taking the main UNISON website platform and slimming it down to make it simpler and easier for branches to use.
To test what we've built so far, on 30 March we invited 12 activists (from 9 branches around the country) to come to London for our inaugural branch websites 'hackday'.
This wasn't a full-on Silicon Valley style hack-fest fuelled by pizza and beer – although the activists did get a nice lunch in the canteen.
But we did want to get everyone together in one room for one day to test the new branch websites system 'live', combining 'learning' with 'doing'. We wanted to talk the activists through what they need to consider when building a site, assess how easy they found it to build a site on our platform (their answer: it's pretty easy) and have them leave at the end of the day with a site that was close to launch.
We also hoped to learn a lot about what we need to fix, improve on and change about our system before we go out to more branches. We asked our developers from tech agency HumanMade to come too – not just to help the branches but also to make sure that everyone on the project understood what branches need and why.
The activists spent the day planning what content would go on their sites and how it would be structured, adding pages and articles to their sites, and planning and building their homepages, with presentations on some elements of basic usability in between.
A sneak peak at one option for a homepage for one of our branch websites.
There was a mix of abilities in the group, with some people openly admitting a fear of all thing tech, whilst others were practically WordPress ninjas, but we structured the day so we could let the WordPress ninjas get on with it whilst we gave extra support to those who needed it.
What did we learn from our first hackday?
We're aiming to keep in touch with the activists who attended the day to help and motivate them to add the finishing touches to their sites and get them up and running. We are also providing advice on what to do with existing websites and contracts.
It's really important to give people time to play around with the system themselves.
We should have given people more time to plan what would go on their homepage – and when we have more branch websites show a range of different options to help spark ideas.
We need to quickly dever online help centre, before next time, for those who are struggling to keep up with live demos of the site.
Getting a fully built site for a day is probably too ambitious. However a number of people who participated in the day got pretty close – we hope to see the first few sites live on the new platform in the coming weeks!
Finally, we have put through a large number of changes to the platform based on the feedback of people on the day – and just watching where activists were getting stuck or confused.
We hope the WordPress sites will offer a cheaper digital solution compared to what many branches currently have and offer members a smoother journey through our different sites.
When we launch (planned for June) we plan to offer HackDays through the regions for branch activists to come along and learn how to build their sites. Those who want to can then get their site online and manage it themselves, but we'll also hoping to offer more a more managed service for those who lack the resources and time to manage a site themselves. We'll arrange hosting for all the sites.
We're currently working out pricing but we are sure it will be much cheaper than going to external developers, and there'll be a lot more features too.
You can express your interest by entering your branch name and email on www.unison.site – the domain for our branch websites.
I'm very happy to see this hackday. My branch website uses WordPress and I find it very user-friendly, however there are so many plugins and features I think it can look a big overwhelming.
The only thing I would recommend is avoiding the fancy templates that WordPress offer, and sticking to a simple template (like the default, or Attorney) – they are much more readable and less likely to go wrong if you decide to add extra widgets or edit the code at a later date.
Well done to everyone who got involved.
Don't worry it'll be a UNISON specific template. The idea is that we provide everything, including approved plugins etc. This isn't going to be as flexible as completely going it alone with a wordpress install of your own – but it should meet the needs of most branches, we hope!
Really enjoyed the day and just want to say thanks again to the team behind it! It's going to be great for our branch to move onto this platform and more importantly our members and the wider UNISON community.


National Western Life Austin urgently required following position for Accounting Contractor. Please read this job advertisement carefully before apply. There are some qualifications, experience and skills requirement that the employers require. Does your career history fit these requirements? Ensure you understand the role you are applying for and that it is suited to your skills and qualifications.
The accounting contractor will assist the AVP Financial Reporting directly with various accounting projects throughout the year, including but not limited to acquisition general ledger integration work, accounting research, financial reporting support and tie-out, and adjusting journal entries.
5-10 years? combined work experience in audit or financial reporting.
Regular and predictable attendance is required. Overtime may be required at peak times.
The employee is regularly required to use hands to handle or feel. The employee is regularly required to talk or hear.
The physical demands described here are representative of those that must be met by an employee to successfully perform the essential functions of their job. Reasonable accommodations may be made to enable individuals with disabilities to perform the essential functions.
The information contained in this job description is not intended to be an all-inclusive list of duties and responsibilities, skills and abilities, or other listed requirements.
Management may, at its discretion, assign, reassign, or add additional duties and responsibilities to this job at any time.


NEWPORT NEWS, Va., July 31, 2009 -- The nuclear-powered aircraft carrier USS Carl Vinson (CVN 70) will be returning to Northrop Grumman Corporation (NYSE:NOC) in August for maintenance work, also known as the ship's post shakedown availability (PSA).
The company's Shipbuilding sector in Newport News, Va., is the prime contractor for the work, which is valued at just under $50 million. A PSA is a typical availability in the life of a carrier that allows the Navy and Northrop Grumman team to resolve any items that came up after the ship's recent Refueling and Complex Overhaul (RCOH) and to make additional upgrades.
Northrop Grumman Shipbuilding redelivered USS Carl Vinson to the Navy within budget on July 11, following a three and a half-year RCOH. The RCOH is performed only once in a carrier's 50-year life and includes extensive modernization work to more than 2,300 compartments, hundreds of system upgrades, and over 20 million man-hours of work, to include defueling and refueling the nuclear reactors.
"We look forward to working with the ship's crew to complete this planned work and make Vinson an active part of the fleet again," said Jim Hughes, Northrop Grumman Shipbuilding's vice president of aircraft carrier overhauls. "Newport News has been a continuous partner with the Navy on this ship for over 25 years and has had a particularly strong relationship with the crew during the recent RCOH. We are committed to work together with all involved Government activities to complete this project safely, on schedule and within budget."
Work during the PSA includes modernization of the ship's control and piping systems, replacement of the trash incinerator unit and boat and aircraft crane repairs. The work is scheduled to last several months.


text:
Home RPG Stardew Valley Free Download PC Game
RPGSimulation
Stardew Valley Free Download PC Game
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