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Stamnodes topazata is a species of geometrid moth in the family Geometridae. It is found in North America.

The MONA or Hodges number for Stamnodes topazata is 7349.

Subspecies
These four subspecies belong to the species Stamnodes topazata:
 Stamnodes topazata albida Barnes & McDunnough, 1912
 Stamnodes topazata apicata Barnes & McDunnough
 Stamnodes topazata arctica Thierry-Mieg, 1911
 Stamnodes topazata topazata

References

Further reading

External links

Stamnodini
Articles created by Qbugbot
Moths described in 1899

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Q: What's the difference between app.master and .master pages? I've looked around and I can't seem to find the difference between an app.master page and .master pages. I'm building a new look and was wondering what the real difference is. I've found this resource, but I can't find any other source to back it up. It's also six years old at this point, and I want to verify this is still true.
Thanks!

A: You're on the right track. The resource you cited refers to system vs "normal" pages in SharePoint. app.master is a similar concept, used when displaying Apps. This was covered here already:
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/21435566/set-custom-master-pages-in-sharepoint-hosted-apps

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


"So, you're back so soon!" God gave me that knowing look of his as I settled down in the wooden chair. It wasn't comfortable, but what was when you talked with God.
God chuckled, leaned back and popped a can of Diet Pepsi. I thought it strange, but then who was I to ask God why he was drinking a soda, or, why lemmings jumped off cliff's, or how long I had to live before I died?
"No thank you...." I bit my tongue on the word "Sir," finding it hard to use the word "Buddy" as God had requested of me during the last visit.
"Never tried it." He gulped down the remainder of the can, his Adam's apple jiggling as he consumed the last of the liquid. I thought it ironic I called God's Adam's Apple by that name--after all, he Created Adam and Apples. Strange word, "Adam's Apple," I thought. Maybe I would ask him where it came from as I had no idea of its source.
God opened another Diet Pepsi. As he popped the tab, the Angels fluttered, swung their heads in quick alert, then, realizing it was nothing, went back to scanning the earth below.
"Of course." God swigged hard on the can, draining it. He let out a large belch. I felt the rush of his breath shove me back against the chair, and echo of his burp thunder through the Heavens. His breath was sweet, fresh, like the smell of a bed of daisies.
God leaned forward and raised one of his silver eyebrows speculatively.
'I don't understand that, God. Why would you be so harsh as to say that?" I gripped my chair. I hadn't expected my question to be answered in such an extreme way as God using the word "dictatorship" to describe America's government.
God's mouth twitched as he studied me, waiting my response.
"I couldn't say, Sir...I mean.." God cut me short.
I gulped down a swig of the carbonated Pepsi. It soothed the burning in my throat.
"Despite all the bullcrap you hear, Cliff, I never judge anyone. I watch people exercise Free Will. I watch with great pain and sadness, as I am now. I watch with great tears in my eyes. It is always painful to see your children make such huge mistakes, veer off the path, crash headlong into brick walls. But, as a parent, I can only be there when MY children ask me for advice. As you are doing now. George W. hasn't opted to sit in that chair. He hasn't the foggiest what he's doing. His mother knows though. She knows. Like bin Laden's mother knew. Hell, the creep called his mother and told her to stand by--he was about to drive the sword through the Constitution of the Unified States, about to set into motion the circumvention of Freedom. He was about to Terrorize democracy. Bin Laden's just a little boy with lots of terrible toys. But he had to brag to his mom about it. I doubt if President Bush's mother jumped up with joy about her son doing the same to bin Laden as bin Laden did to us. Seems that only adds fuel to the Terrorists' fires. I don't think George Double You--isn't that how they say it--realizes what he's doing.
"What is he doing?" I leaned over the, cupped my hands, and rested my chin in them.
"He's destroying the Constitution of the Unified States. He's embossing bin Laden's face right in the middle of it. It was only time before it happened. He's not at fault solely. Look at the freedoms that have been slipping here and there, over the years. Now, you have the government creating Home Militia forces. Remember the British. Taking housing in the colonist homes. Forcing communities to become more afraid to the guard at that the door than the enemy without? This Home Militia deal is bin Laden's prime treasure. It's like the Home Militia was bin Laden's idea, and he wanted to destroy your First and Fourth Amendment rights and privileges. God, Cliff, the government has painted on the wall the words--We're Going To Take Your Rights Away And There's Nothing You Can Do About It But Agree Or Become A Terrorist Sympathizer!" That's pretty heavy. And who did it? Bin Laden made it happen. He turned a nation of hard-working, productive people into citizens of internal Terrorism virtually overnight. Now, you are prisoners of your government, Cliff. They are marching into the communities of Amerce, taking over the policing of your rights--and more are to come. All over the blowing up of a building! Think about the devastation to your rights? Think how happy bin Laden is right now as Bush announced the Home Militia cabinet post. Why, he probably jumped with joy.
I drained the Pepsi. It all seemed so simple when God explained it. Yet so absurd. So far distant from anything I could imagine in a movie or novel.
"Of course. He's just as evil as the parent who abuses his child, no more, or no less. The parents who beat children physically, or emotionally destroy them. Some do it with hateful words, or or by molestation, or some just depreciate them, use them as tools of their propaganda and hatred. Bin Laden is just as Evil as they, Cliff. No more and no less. I've always been amazed at how human beings try to rank Evil, as greater or lesser. All greater Evil is, is the sum of lesser Evils. Why should the parent who abuses a child, who kills the child's sense of Good and Trust and Hope and Faith, be any less guilty of Terrorist acts against America's future security than bin Laden. But you don't send F-14's or B-52's after these people. In fact, you try and protect them, at least their rights, and give them every chance of restoring their goodness.
"Such abusers, Terrorists of children, have rights in America. Even though they are maiming and destroying America's single greatest asset--a child--no one runs out and slams them up against the wall and kills them. An indictment must be issued, a trial set, a jury or judge appointed to provide protection for the Evil one's rights. And then evidence must be presented within the scope of the law, and the law must be Constitutionally sound or it will be stricken down on appeal. And then the jury deliberates to the rule of law, upon which your Democracy is based. And its verdict is issued. And such verdict can nullify an unjust law, as your famous trial with Peter Zenger proved when he fought for the right to print anything he wanted in his newspaper against the government back just before the Revolutionary War.
I shook my head, dazed by it all. I tried to speak, but my lips trembled.
"Take it easy, Cliff. It's not that bad. Yet. But it will get worse. Unless you and others take action. That's what you came here for, isn't it. A pep talk. Get old God to rah-rah you so you don't feel like some useless diet that doesn't work--only makes you want to eat more?" God patted his pouch, perhaps to lighten the air that hung heavily around me.
God stood up and threw back his shoulders and thumped his chest like King Kong. His brows scrunched angrily. The Angels flapped their wings furiously overhead, glaring at me. Then God laughed uproariously, holding his belly as Santa might after pulling a joke on one of his elves.
I loosened the death grip I had on the chair's arms. "Got another Pepsi?" God sat down, still chuckling. Loose Angels' feathers fluttered all about. He didn't respond right away to my request.
"And he told about that girl he knew, right, who told him how proud she was of him that he could 'take a punch,' and how she admired him fighting for the rights of women and children on the streets. Then he told you about fighting people in the ring, prize fighting, and how hard it was to 'take the punch' as you fought your way inside an opponent...about how hard they hit you the closer you got. Recall that?"
"Did you really believe that?" God scrunched forward, folding his arms, his face so near mine I almost felt his nose touch my nose.
"And what makes you think you have that right, Cliff? To be a Voice in the wind?"
"I really don't know exactly. Just being a parent, a grandparent seems enough. Maybe I saw and participated in too much death and destruction in Vietnam. Maybe I'm sick of being Terrorized by the insanity of Complacency--of just standing by and watching the world go by--and not saying anything...not saying it to others...not beating my drum. Thomas Paine wasn't long on trusting the beltway in his day. Neither am I. And Winston Churchill said Stand For Something Or Be Nothing...I guess this is my time and place... Or, I guess I know I'm dying a little more each day, and I want to beat the drums of Freedom, maybe pound them all the way to the grave so my grandkids will know their grandfather wasn't just a bullshitter...that he was willing to risk his life--what he believes inside--for them. I guess maybe I needed to hear a drunk messenger tell me to not be a coward. To know the pain of what I'm doing, so I am not afraid when it hurts."
"Good answer, Cliff. Have you wondered who Paddy McGuire was?"
"Yes. It was like he came to me in my hour of need."
"Are you kidding me?" The words just shot out.
God laughed, the kind of laugh that makes you wonder if you really believed what he just said.
As I left, I could hear God's laugher echoing through the Heavens.... Then I thought I heard a sob...and then I felt the tears of sorrow raining on me as they cascaded toward earth, heading toward the souls of the pained, the dying, the forlorn, driving down toward the children huddled in the bottoms of their beds to hide from the bogeyman of the night, or huddled in caves in some far off land, snuggled in their parents' arms, cowering from the surgical attacks from U.S. warbirds who were unconstitutionally Terrorizing the Terrorists..
"Take The Punch!" I heard the words. "Take The Punch!" I felt the pain.
Go To: "How A Three-Year-Old Brought The Twin Towers Back To Life"


We still have so much of Norfolk that we need to visit and we know that we're very spoilt for choice with the coastline around here. So when Parkdean Resorts got in touch wanting to work with us on their Coastal Adventures campaign to help promote Britain's coastline, we knew that this was the perfect fit for our family adventures.
I have fond memories of visiting beaches as a child as I used to live in a village by the seaside in Dorset. So being nearer beaches again was actually one of the major pull factors when decided on our relocation to Norfolk.
There are so many hidden gems around the country to be explored and you can read more about Britain's amazing Coastal Adventures here.
We decided to go on a couple of trips within the locality of California Cliffs Holiday Park. As our chosen beaches were a little far apart to manage in one day, we decided to split the trips over two days. We also knew that the kids would get really tired and we wanted to get the most out of our time in the different locations and for everyone to enjoy it.Some places we had already visited but we were excited to discover new areas that we hadn't yet got around to seeing. Of course the glorious weather we've been having lately made our coastal adventures an absolute pleasure (bar bickering children).
This was a new one for us. It's a busy little place with lots of attractions that you would expect for a beachside resort. We parked up and walked through the bustling centre of the town past the amusement arcades and shops to reach the soft sandy beach that stretches for miles. We also visited on a weekend when the World Cup was on and we pretty much had the beach to ourselves for the afternoon!
It gives you all of the liveliness of Great Yarmouth but on a much smaller scale.
We've paid Great Yarmouth a couple of visits since we've been living in Norfolk and without fail, it's always a hit with the children.
The boys went armed with their collection of 2p's and loved nothing more than hitting the arcade machines.
Great Yarmouth offers so much for a day out but the amount of attractions on offer can be quite overwhelming when you're a new visitor. The kids get very excited and it's a good idea to work out what you want to get from the day and make some sort of plan. We always find it easier to hit one particular area – as it's a long stretch along the promenade.
We spent a lot of time on the Britannia Pier as it has an amusement arcade as well as a funfair right at the bottom of the pier.
Once we had finished at the funfair, we walked down the steps of the pier where the kids took a ride on some donkeys before we grabbed some chips to enjoy on a bench.
You need to go prepared for your kids to want to do absolutely everything!
The beach has the most wonderful white sand and always only a short walk from the main strip of attractions.
On our second trip out we decided to go further up the coast and visit the oldest working lighthouse in East Anglia. Unfortunately for us the lighthouse was having a bit of a makeover when we visited and was being given a fresh coat of white with red stripes.
We found a great kids play area that was situated by it and which was adjacent to the car park. From the car park it also leads down to the beach, so there are a few things to do for a trip to see this iconic landmark.
This is our favourite beach and this is the place that we go back to time and time again. In the summer months it becomes a popular place to visit but the sprawling beach and sand dunes never make it feel like it's too overcrowded. It's situated within a village so you have none of the hustle and bustle that comes with a beach resort.
Amenity wise there is a cafe on the beach and it's fairly close to walk back into the village where there is a convenience store and a fish and chip shop.
There are also dunes aplenty too and as it's a Nature Reserve, it's a great place to be spotting wildlife.
Once we had visited the lighthouse we took a trip to Winterton beach in the early evening before sunset, where we set up our portable firepit to toast marshmallows! We hadn't ever tried this before and we all thorouhly enjoyed getting messy eating our s'mores. It was the perfect end to our wonderful adventure exploring what our coastline has to offer in Norfolk.
So what Coastal Adventures have you been on? I'd love to hear about places you have visited that make a really memorable family day out.
Nb. In Collaboration with Parkdean Resorts for #CoastalAdventures.


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EARLY RELEASE OF ICTR CONVICTS: THE PRACTICE BEYOND THE OUTRAGE
By Justice4Survivors on 9 Jul 2019 • ( Leave a comment )
For years, hardly anyone paid much attention to issues of incarceration, rehabilitation, release and reintegration of convicted génocidaires by the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR). Until a year ago when the government of Rwanda, alongside former ICTR officials, academics and NGOs, expressed outrage at the idea of the early release of genocide convicts. And now the time is up for the most famous of them, Théoneste Bagosora. But in fact, early release of international prisoners has been the norm, scholar Barbora Hola explains.
Colonel Theoneste Bagosora, also known as the brain of Rwanda's Tutsi Genocide, here with his lawyer, is now entitled to file for early release. Photo /Tony Kirumba/AFP
Releasing them early would be like "killing us and continuing the original plan to completely wipe us out". It would amount to "a second genocide and the promotion of genocide ideology" and "it would be like putting a knife in the wounds of the survivors." These evocative quotes from genocide survivors are featured in a June 2018 submission by the Rwandan government to the United Nations International Residual Mechanism for Criminal Tribunals (MICT), a body that replaced the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR) after its official closure in December 2015. It was filed to oppose the early release of three ICTR genocide convicts, Aloys Simba, Dominique Ntawukulilyayo and Hassan Ngeze. The prospect of these génocidaires being freed before ending their sentences prompted a very loud reaction. And not just from Kigali. Some former ICTR employees, academics and NGOs also petitioned the then MICT President Theodor Meron. In strong, emotionally and morally charged language they expressed their outrage and decried "the early release of any ICTR genocide convict".
It is not so surprising that Kigali's reactions are charged. Claiming hundreds of thousands of lives, the 1994 genocide was a deliberate, systematic, state-led campaign aimed to destroy Rwandan Tutsis. For Kigali, only the harshest punishment for this killing frenzy's ringleaders is satisfactory – at least when it comes to those convicted by the U.N. tribunal. Now Kigali also wants a say in determining who is to be set free, and when. These calls, however, appear to be rather belated: before Simba, Ntawukulilyayo, and Ngeze, a dozen convicted génocidaires had already been released before serving their full sentences.
85% OF ICTR/Y FREED CONVICTS HAVE BEEN GRANTED EARLY RELEASE
In fact, the early release of international prisoners has been the standard operating procedure in international criminal justice. Already half of those convicted by the ICTR and by its sister tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY) have been released from prisons in Europe and Africa since 1999 when the first ICTY prisoner was set free. What many do not know is that the vast majority of them got out early. In total, eighty individuals convicted by the ICTY and ICTR have been released. Out of these, sixty-eight (85%) have been set free before serving their full sentence. In some ICTY cases, prominent convicts received war hero welcomes at home and their release and return was celebrated by cheering crowds and supporting state officials (see Balkan Insight). The majority, however, returned back to their countries more discreetly, or looked for a place to live elsewhere, and kept on living their lives in oblivion. Their leaving prisons went largely unnoticed, in silence, without any objection, outcry or contestation. That was also the case with Rwandan convicts, including Ferdinand Nahimana, a co-founder of the infamous Radio des Mille Collines whom Kigali considers the main ideologue and propagandist behind the genocide. He was granted early release from prison in Mali in 2016. Back then, nobody cried foul.
In this light, last year's "outcry" against the possibility of early release of Simba, Ntawukulilyayo, and Ngeze is quite unprecedented, and perhaps surprising. Yet it seems to have borne fruit. For the first time a possibility for an early release at the ICTs has made headlines in international media outlets (The New Yorker; The Guardian). It led the ICTY's and ICTR's political parent – the United Nations Security Council – to encourage the MICT to consider an "appropriate solution" given the concerns about "the current approach […] to early release of persons convicted by the ICTR". As a result, in January this year, Simba was the first ICTR/Y convict to be early released under special, though quite broadly defined conditions. (In contrast, conditional early release has been applied and implemented at the Special Court for Sierra Leone.) Among others, he was asked to pledge not to "interfere in any way with the proceedings of MICT, or administration of justice"; to "conduct himself honorably and peacefully […] and not to engage in secret meetings intended to plan civil unrest or any political activities"; and not to "discuss [his] case, including any aspect of the 1994 genocide against the Tutsi in Rwanda with anyone […] nor make any statements denying the 1994 genocide."
LOW ATTENTION AND VAGUE CRITERIA
Why the sudden change? In contrast to the meticulous regulation and high-level attention dedicated to trials and verdicts, the post-trial phase at all international criminal tribunals has been almost entirely neglected in the past. From the drafters of the ICTR's Statute, via the judges to commentators, hardly anyone was interested in issues of incarceration, rehabilitation, release and reintegration of convicted génocidaires – or the future of acquitted suspects for that matter. It seems as if "doing justice" ended with the delivery of a verdict. The (petty) practicalities of its enforcement and the fact that it could eventually come to an end, did not seem to cause many headaches. As last year's IMCT controversy demonstrates, they could not have been more wrong.
Despite the fact that the ICTR prisoners are serving their sentences out of the limelight – dispersed in prisons in Mali, Benin, and Senegal – it is the MICT president who decides on the eligibility of prisoners for early release. In deciding, he is asked to consider four, rather cryptic factors. Besides the crimes' gravity, the prisoner's demonstration of rehabilitation and cooperation with the Prosecution, he takes into account the treatment of similarly situated prisoners, including those convicted at the ICTY. We have elaborated elsewhere how these vaguely defined criteria are being applied in practice, and how the rehabilitation of international prisoners and early release practices at the international tribunals are not transparent. They are conceptually underdeveloped and in need of some serious thinking and adjustments. Yet, as a rule of thumb, MICT prisoners from the Balkans and Rwanda become eligible for early release after having served 2/3 of their sentence. In practice, the vast majority of those who have reached this magical threshold were indeed released.
Between 1998 and 2015, the ICTR convicted 59 former governmental and public officials, military, militiamen, journalists, clergy and businessmen for their involvement in the genocide of Rwanda's Tutsis. By now, according to public records, seven died in detention after their verdict, while twenty-one have been set free from prisons in West Africa and Europe. Three men were released immediately after their judgment was delivered as they had already served their sentence following long pre-trial detention in Arusha. Only five served their whole sentences. While those serving the maximum life sentence are potentially also eligible for early release after serving more than 30 years, 13 ICTR convicts with lower sentences (62 % of those released) had their punishment reduced and got out early. (The proportion of those who were granted early release before serving their full sentence is even higher at the ICTY. Out of 59 individuals who are by now out of prison, 55 (93%) have been released early by the Yugoslav Tribunal.)
EARLY RELEASE IS THE RULE RATHER THAN THE EXCEPTION
There are historical precedents for reducing sentences of mass atrocity crimes perpetrators. In post-WWII Germany, "most of the war criminals who had been sentenced before 1949 by the Allies (mainly by the Americans) were released after serving only a fraction of their sentences, with the exception of those who had been tried in the Nuremberg Tribunal," noted German scholar Susanna Karstedt. And after a series of sentence commutations, paroles and transfers, the last Japanese war criminals convicted at the Tokyo tribunal and in various national trials were released unconditionally in December 1958.
Therefore, early release in international criminal justice has been the rule rather than the exception, irrespective of the gravity of the crimes or the lack of cooperation of the convict. In order to be eligible, according to the established ICTs' practices, génocidaires, criminals against humanity and war criminals are only required to behave well in prison, to participate in prison activities – such as undertaking language courses, working in a kitchen brigade, or taking care of a prison garden – and to have vague plans for after their release. They are not required to reflect on the wrongfulness of their deeds or acknowledge responsibility, nor to express remorse or apologize for their crimes. In essence, they just need to serve the required part of their time, not cause any major troubles, and they are let go.
By the time Aloys Simba received the decision on his early release, he had served 2/3 of his 25-year sentence. The President of the MICT noted the seriousness of his crimes – which weighed against his early release, he wrote. But he also noted that Simba had always behaved well in prison, has good relations with his family, and is a social person. All this for President Meron demonstrated "some signs of rehabilitation". Even though Simba feels his imprisonment unjust and continues to proclaim his innocence, he, according to the President, does not deny the existence of genocide in Rwanda and condemns the "massive slaughter that occurred."
CALLS FOR A CHANGE: TOO AD HOC, TOO LITTLE, TOO LATE?
There is, however, still much to debate about the way early release has been implemented at the ICTR, ICTY, and MICT. The way "rehabilitation" has been applied and interpreted is highly questionable, as the Simba decision shows. As we argued elsewhere, the existing practices seem to be largely missing the point. It can be questioned whether the fact that one behaves well in prison could actually be considered any sign of rehabilitation for (high level) mass atrocity perpetrators. Especially because in ordinary, peaceful times they are very well-socialized, well-functioning individuals unlikely to misbehave.
In this sense, the recent attention stirred by Rwanda on this issue could actually be positive – at least if one remains wary of political manipulation and ad-hoc whims of certain governments which can sway the already very shaky tides of international criminal justice in one way or another. Punishment after mass atrocity crimes often disappoints and divides. And regardless of whether they have a real stake in the actual trials, many feel like they should have an opinion about it. Serious thought and attention should be dedicated to the question of what rehabilitation and reintegration should mean and entail for international atrocity crime convicts. Until the international community pauses and seriously thinks about this issue, ad-hoc solutions prompted by political pressure from Kigali will not do the trick. It may even lead to arbitrary double-standards. Changing existing practices only now, when the majority of convicts is out, and potentially only for certain, selectively chosen ICTR convicts, whom Kigali considers the kingpins of the genocide, seems as an afterthought coming too late.
Irrespective of the heated reactions they spark, international criminal courts can do only as much; they hold trials, deliver verdicts, and hand out sentences. And ultimately, they can, like all other criminal courts, release convicted individuals early. This includes even those most responsible for the most serious crimes. Around this time, in early July 2019, the most famous genocide convict of the ICTR, former Colonel Théoneste Bagosora, becomes eligible under the 2/3 rule. The outrage is likely to come back if no time is spent on thinking through the rules of early release for international crimes convicts.
THE FATE OF ICTR CONVICTS WHO ARE ALREADY OUT OF PRISON
DIED WHILE SERVING THEIR SENTENCE (7):
BARAYAGWIZA, Jean Bosco
KALIMANZIRA, Callixte
KAYISHEMA, Clément
NIYITEGEKA, Eliézer
RUTAGANDA, Georges
SETAKO, Ephrem
SERUGENDO, Joseph
RELEASED UPON CONVICTION, TIME SERVED (3):
KANYABASHI, Joseph – sentenced to 20 years, the time he had spent in detention since his arrest in 1995 (full sentence served).
NSABIMANA, Sylvain – sentenced to 18 years, the time he had spent in detention since his arrest in 1997 (full sentence served).
NSENGIYUMVA, Anatole – sentenced to 12 years (full sentence served)
SERVED FULL SENTENCE (5):
BIKINDI, Simon – released after serving the whole sentence in 2016 – died in 2018
IMANISHIMWE, Samuel – denied early release in 2007, released after serving the whole sentence in 2009
NZABIRINDA, Joseph – sentenced to 7 years, released after serving the whole sentence in December 2008
NTAKIRUTIMANA, Elizaphan – sentenced 10 years, died in 2008, right around the time he had served the whole sentence.
RUTAGANIRA, Vincent – denied early release in 2006 & 2008, released after serving the whole sentence in March 2008.
EARLY RELEASED (13):
RUGGIU, Georges – guilty plea, denied early release in 2005, early released in 2009 by Italian authorities without the approval of the ICTR
BAGARAGAZA, Michel – guilty plea,, early released after serving 3/4 of the sentence.
MUVUNYI, Tharcisse – early released after serving ¾ of the sentence.
RUGAMBARARA, Juvénal – early released after serving ¾ of the sentence.
BISENGIMANA, Paul – early released by the MICT after 2/3 of the sentence.
SERUSHAGO, Omar – guilty plea, denied early release in 2005, early release in 2012
RUZINDANA, Obed – early released in 2014
SAGAHUTU, Innocent – early released in 2014
NTAKIRUTIMANA, Gérard – early released in 2014
NAHIMANA, Ferdinand – early released in 2016
NTEZIRYAYO, Alphonse – early released in 2016
RUKUNDO, Emmanuel – early released in 2016
SIMBA, Aloys – denied early release in 2016; conditional early released in 2019. Ends.
First Published (July 5,2019) at JUSTICEINFO.NET
By Barbora Hola.
Dr. Barbora Hola is Senior Researcher at the Netherlands Institute for the Study of Crime and Law Enforcement (NSCR) and Associate Professor at Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam. She is co-director of the Center for International Criminal Justice and co-chair of the European Society of Criminology Group on Atrocity Crimes and Transitional Justice. A volume on "Perpetrators of International Crimes", she co-edited, was just published by Oxford University Press.
Categories: Genocide fugitives, JUSTICE, Reparations
Tagged as: Hutu Extremist, International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda, International Tribunal for ex Yugoslavia, Mechanism for International Criminal Tribunals, Rwanda, rwandan genocide, Théoneste Bagosora
Intwari Ntamenye Izina
Rwandan Government Behind The Killings Of Dozens Of Genocide Survivors, Diane Rwigara

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Effective fall 2014, a student who has received a passing grade of "D" or better in a course may not repeat that course. Students may repeat a course in which they earned a grade of "D" if it is a prerequisite course requiring a minimum grade of "C", or if a minimum grade of "C" is a requirement in the student's declared major. Students who do not receive a passing grade in a course may repeat that course. For courses repeated subsequent to the effective date of this policy, during a student's academic career at the University a maximum of sixteen (16) credit hours may be repeated.
No single undergraduate course may be repeated more than two (2) times to include withdrawals (Ws), for a maximum of three (3) attempts. All grades received will be recorded on the student's permanent academic record. For repeats of courses subsequent to the effective date of this policy, any undergraduate student who has exhausted their three (3) attempts and has not passed a required course in their major field of study will be dismissed from that major. The University may accept transfer credit for undergraduate General Education Core requirement courses.