text:
When do damon and elena get together. 'The Vampire Diaries': Damon & Elena Back Together? — New interview 2019-07-23
When do damon and elena get together Rating: 9,9/10 1984 reviews
'The Vampire Diaries' Series Finale: Who Did Elena End Up With? (SPOILERS)
Stefan finds the two and Elena talking, and Elena leaves, seeing that Stefan doesn't seem very happy. Elena took Stefan away from the house and to the car, but they were attacked by Fredrick who stuck a branch in Stefan, badly wounding him. Alaric try's to find a way to get his wife Jo back from the dead. He thanked her afterwards for saving him and said he never wanted her to see that side of him. He went back home but Damon was unhelpful, saying sincerely that he hoped Elena died.
Elena and Damon
Elena and spoke over the events of their ex-boyfriends, with Logan reappearing and Stefan leaving. However, when he finally tells her, he's unaware that Katherine has taken over Elena's body when she rejects him. Elena knew that would never happen and gave him his ring back with two choices: throw the ring away and wait for the sun to rise and die, or wear the ring and fight the cravings he had. Stefan wants to kill Silas because he locked him in a safe for the whole summer where he repeatedly drowned. Damon is portrayed as a charming, handsome and snarky person who loves tricking humans, and takes pleasure in feeding on them and killing them during the early episodes of the first season. . Katherine almost fooled Stefan as Elena, but he saw through her.
When does Elena get together with Damon in The Vampire Diaries?
Elena was angry and confronted him. Elena was put through the emotional ringer of having to see the love of her life become a completely different person. Kai, who escaped the Prison World without Bonnie and merged with Luke, has absorbed some of Luke's qualities and is now moved by guilt to help free Bonnie. Mason spiked Damon's drink with vervain, so Stefan and Damon went after him, but were shot by Sheriff Forbes and her deputies, and injected with vervain. Elena kisses Damon and attempts to steal Katherine's address out of his pocket, however Damon was aware she was trying to play him the entire time, and attempts to convince her to turn her emotions back on. But mostly, he likes to take care of himself and do the dirty work, in his own sadistic ways.
'The Vampire Diaries' Season 5 Spoilers — Enzo Dies, Damon & Elena Reunite
Elena reminds the Salvatore brothers of the Vampire that turned them-Katherine- the two have a shocking resemblance. I never thought I could be happy again and then I met you. They instantly fell in love and began a romantic relationship in season 1, which became strained when fell with Elena and returned to. Elena wanted to have an ordinary day with Stefan at the : no vampires, no Damon, with the exception of her boyfriend. Stefan was also affected and Elena, with the help of Alaric, took him to safety.
'Vampire Diaries': Damon & Elena Kiss, Luke Dies — Season 6 Episode 12 Recap
She and Stefan defended Caroline, and during the Mystic Falls Carnival, Damon was on the verge of staking her when Elena shielded Caroline, angrily protesting that she was her friend. He tells her he has made a lot of mistakes in his life but he would never undo them, for they led him to her. If you see Damon at the bar in the show and his eyes lazy and looking around then yes he's drunk. Bonnie, Damon, and Elena leave with Lily, leaving Kai behind. When Stefan finds out Damon has feed Elena his blood he's very angry and hits Damon who just got in a fight with the vampire hunter. Damon and Elena is one of televisions most shipped couples in the history. She then dies and Stefan and Damon buries her.
Stefan Taught Her To Forgive Again, Stefan's biggest fault and the only thing working against him is that he did all of this first. As far as we know, the curse isn't that strong — otherwise Stefan and Elena would be together right now — so we're going to rule out that it'll change everything in the end. When he went to inform Elena and Stefan about the tomb vampires' attack, he grabbed Elena's hand, which Stefan didn't really seem to like, but had no time to comment about it. Stefan was initially supportive when she went through her transition, but he tried tooth and nail to force his lifestyle on her. Damon and Elena excitedly anticipate the beginning of their human future together, until Kai puts Elena under a sleeping spell, tied to Bonnie's life. But Damon slams her head into the floor and tells her that her coming after Elena was a bad move, and he also told her that if she doesn't leave her alone he'll rip her to shreds because he does believe in killing the messenger.
Will Elena Remember That She Loves Damon on 'TVD'? She Erased Her Memories, So That's An Issue
She managed to bring her lunatic boyfriend back to life, shortly after she is shown his true colours. Silas needs Damon to kill Stefan, so that he can get back his power. But it'll be painful and she'll need to put some serious trust in a witch. He committed suicide after delivering the message. Stefan finds a cure which is Klaus' blood but to do that he has to join him and become a ripper again.
After he tells her the truth, they mutually decide to end their relationship as they realize they have too much control over each other. It all goes back to Katherine, who is a vampire. The spell works before Amara dies. What do you think, HollywoodLifers? However, Lexi invites her to talk, unaware that Stefan is eavesdropping. Elena takes the cure and, unexpectedly, her memories return and she remembers when she'd traveled to Nova Scotia with Damon in search of the cure the first time, he'd told her that he used to miss being human, but, now, he couldn't imagine anything more miserable.
Elena and Stefan
The next morning, both Elena and Stefan feel better than they had before, knowing that they will see other again. This also explains the reason how Damon knew who Elena was when they met in the Salvatore Boarding House. Elena promised to help him. Eventually they return to Mystic Falls to grow old together, where they died together of old age. Damon carries Elena's lifeless body. She was confused about how the device had worked and Stefan believed that Bonnie had never really removed the spell.
'The Vampire Diaries': Damon & Elena Back Together? — New interview
When he and Stefan were as vampires by Mason to Sheriff Forbes, they were injected with vervain and brutally interrogated about their to walk in the daylight. I promise you, I will never. Elena thanked him for his honesty, but told him that he'd lost her forever, outraged that he'd kept information about Katherine that she needed. The two begin to kiss passionately before getting interrupted - it is later revealed that it wasn't Elena he kissed, but. Stefan believed that he was responsible for making a monster of his brother and every bad thing that had happened was his fault. Stefan and Elena in the school.


Our licensed psychotherapists provide Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT)-informed services to address symptoms of Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD). At Davenport Creative Arts Therapy, we are all DBT-informed providers and have completed at least 28-hours of intensive in-person DBT training. Each therapist receives ongoing DBT-Informed mentoring within the practice from Emily Davenport who has completed 175 hours of intensive DBT training under Dr. Shari Manning, PhD (former President/CEO of Behavioral Tech).
We integrate DBT Skills with Art Therapy to help you create a life worth living. In addition to individual skills training, we will teach you compassion-focused cognitive modification techniques and use creative modalities to help you reduce emotional vulnerability, increase distress tolerance, resilience and self-worth.
*We are not part of an adherent DBT program as we do not provide standardized phone coaching, skills groups nor are we part of an adherent consultation team at this time.
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for HOT DOG TASTE TEST: ON, CA, NY, AZ, OR!
This summer Lisa Hanawalt goes on tour for the hilariously and beautifully illustrated Hot Dog Taste Test, which serves up Lisa Hanawalt's devastatingly funny comics, saliva-stimulating art, and deliciously screwball lists as she skewers the pomposities of foodie subculture. Catch Lisa speaking and signing at the following festivals and bookstores in the coming months!


Employers are often interested in engaging directly with faculty and existing curriculum. Career Services staff are happy to refer employers to faculty and hope faculty will also refer them to Career Services! Referring an employer to Career Services encourages them to consider Bristol as a resource to find talent. They have the ability to post jobs, participate in job fairs, set up a recruitment table, or work with Career Services staff to organize a presentation, conduct on-campus interviews, and more.
Career Services welcomes faculty and staff to all recruiting events as an opportunity to network with employers and to see students in action. Upcoming events are listed on our Events and Workshops Calendar.
Career Services offers students many tools and resources to help them through the career development process. Many tools are available online. Visit the Students & Alumni page for more details.
Faculty and staff are encouraged to refer students to make an individual appointment with a career counselor and to participate in career activities. Please see the Events and Workshops Calendar. Contact Career Services by email at careerservices@bristolcc.edu or by phone at 508.678.2811, ext. 2959.
Invite Career Services to the Classroom!
To request a classroom workshop, please complete this form.


text:
PETITTION ACCUSING PORNHUB OF PROFITING FROM RAPE AND ABUSE VIDEOS REACHES 380,000 SIGNATURES. The adult entertainment platform has faced accusations that abusive videos are widely uploaded
Home / General / CHILD PORNOGRAPHY / PETITTION ACCUSING PORNHUB OF PROFITING FROM RAPE AND ABUSE VIDEOS REACHES 380,000 SIGNATURES. The adult entertainment platform has faced accusations that abusive videos are widely uploaded
Josephine Rodriguez July 23, 2020 CHILD PORNOGRAPHY, HUMAN TRAFFICKING, INTERNET OFFENDER CASES, NON CONSENSUAL PORNOGRAPHY/SEXTORTION, SHAME ON YOU
Ellie Fry
sextortionIndependent
An online petition accusing Pornhub of profiting from videos of rape and abuse has reached over over 388,000 signatures.
The petition, founded by US anti-trafficking organisation Exodus Cry, accuses the porn site of facilitating human trafficking through insufficient safeguarding checks on videos, many of which are uploaded by users.
It reads: "Pornhub is generating millions in advertising and membership revenue with 42 billion visits and 6 million videos uploaded per year.
"Yet it has no system in place to verify reliably the age or consent of those featured in the pornographic content it hosts and profits from."
The petition cites examples of poor practice including a case of a 15-year-old girl who went missing in Florida last year. She was found by authorities after videos that appeared to show her being raped were uploaded to websites including Pornhub.
It also highlights instances of Pornhub's slow response to abusive content on its site. After US independent film label called Girls Do Porn was charged with federal sex trafficking in October last year, Pornhub took three days to remove the company's official page from its website, while videos by the film label still exist on Pornhub via unofficial uploaders.
Laila Mickelwait, the founder of the petition, told The Independent: "As a practice Pornhub does not verify the age or the consent of millions of people uploading hardcore porn to their website – no ID verification or consent verification is required. Their policies enable porn uploads by anonymous rapists and traffickers."
This is not the first time Mindgeek, the owners of Pornhub, have faced accusations of this nature.
In the UK an investigation by The Sunday Times in November 2019 also found that Pornhub is flooded with secretly filmed "creepshots" of UK schoolgirls, hosting clips of men performing sex acts in front of teenagers on buses and indecent images of children as young as three.
As well as videos of rape and abuse, campaigners have also highlighted the prevalence of revenge porn on Pornhub.
Kate Isaacs founded a movement called #NotYourPorn when a revenge porn video was uploaded to the porn site of her friend, without her friend's consent. She has since been campaigning for regulation in the porn industry to safeguard revenge porn victims.
Ms Isaacs told The Independent: "Women and children across the world are being exploited and packaged up as "pornstars" for profit without their consent.
"This could happen to any of us – it's time the UK government put regulations in place to stop a multi-billion dollar company from profiting from individuals who haven't given their consent to be used on Pornhub."
Pornhub denies profiteering from non-consensual or underage content. The world's biggest porn site is free to access, with no age restrictions, and raises profits through advertising sales and clicks on videos. As a hosting platform, Pornhub takes no legal responsibility for the videos that are uploaded.
A spokesperson for Pornhub told The Independent: "Pornhub has a steadfast commitment to eradicating and fighting any and all illegal content on the internet, including non-consensual content and under-age material. Any suggestion otherwise is categorically and factually inaccurate.
"Pornhub has actively worked to put in place state-of-the-art, comprehensive safeguards across its platform to combat and remove all unauthorized content that breaches the platform's policies.
"This includes a robust system for flagging, reviewing and removing all illegal material, age-verification tools, and employing an extensive team of human moderators dedicated to manually reviewing all uploads to the site."
Pornhub reported that it had amassed 42 billion visitors in 2019 – an increase of 8.5 billion from the year before, with 1,200 searches per second.
https://www.independent.co.uk/topic/sexual-abuse?CMP=ILC-refresh
TEEN VICTIM ASSAULTED BY LASD SEX CRIMES DETECTIVE AWARDED $5.5 M. A Los Angeles Sheriff Detective assigned to investigate a teenager's sexual assault case instead sexually assaulted her.
POLISH ARCHBISHOP REFERS CHILD SEX ABUSE CASE TO VATICAN. The head of Poland's Roman Catholic Church has said he is asking the Vatican to investigate the cover-up of child sexual abuse by priests.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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text:
Q: How to plot only the current frame with animation.FuncAnimation? Generating the data:
import glob
import pandas as pd
import numpy as np

coords = dict()
for j in range(10):
    x=np.random.uniform(0.0, 5.0,2);
    y=np.random.uniform(0.0, 5.0,2);
    vx=np.random.uniform(-1,1,2);
    vy=np.random.uniform(-1,1,2);
    coords[j]= {'x': x, 'y':y, 'vx':vx, 'vy':vy}

The plotting part:
import numpy as np
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
from matplotlib import animation
from matplotlib import animation, rc
from IPython.display import HTML
%matplotlib inline

fig, ax = plt.subplots(1,1)

ax.set_xlim(-5, 5)
ax.set_ylim(-5, 5)

def update_quiver(frameIdx):
    global coords
    frame = coords[frameIdx]
    X = frame['x']
    Y = frame['y']
    U = frame['vx']
    V = frame['vy']
    Q = ax.quiver(X, Y, U, V, pivot='mid', color='k', units='inches')

    Q.set_UVC(U,V)
    return Q,

And then plotting:
rc('animation', html='jshtml')
anim = animation.FuncAnimation(fig, update_quiver, fargs=(),
                               interval=50, blit=False, frames=max(coords.keys()))
anim

How can I visualize only the current location of the particles and not the whole trajectory?
When I try:
def update_quiver(frameIdx):
    global coords
    fig.clf()
    ax.set_xlim(-5, 5)
    ax.set_ylim(-5, 5)
    frame = coords[frameIdx]
    X = frame['x']
    Y = frame['y']
    U = frame['vx']
    V = frame['vy']
    Q = ax.quiver(X, Y, U, V, pivot='mid', color='k', units='inches')

    Q.set_UVC(U,V)
    return Q,

It doesn't show anything.

A: The option to remove the quiver I commented about might look as follows:
import numpy as np; np.random.seed(1)

coords = dict()
for j in range(10):
    x=np.random.uniform(0.0, 5.0,2);
    y=np.random.uniform(0.0, 5.0,2);
    vx=np.random.uniform(-1,1,2);
    vy=np.random.uniform(-1,1,2);
    coords[j]= {'x': x, 'y':y, 'vx':vx, 'vy':vy}

import numpy as np
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt, animation

fig, ax = plt.subplots(1,1)

ax.set_xlim(-1, 6)
ax.set_ylim(-1, 6)

Q = ax.quiver(1,1,1,1, alpha=0)

def update_quiver(frameIdx):
    global coords, Q
    frame = coords[frameIdx]
    X = frame['x']
    Y = frame['y']
    U = frame['vx']
    V = frame['vy']
    Q.remove()
    Q = ax.quiver(X, Y, U, V, pivot='mid', color='k', units='inches')
    return Q,

anim = animation.FuncAnimation(fig, update_quiver, fargs=(),
                               interval=500, blit=False, frames=max(coords.keys()))

plt.show()

A: You can try clearing the figure in update_quiver:
fig.clf()

EDIT: this code works on my computer:
def update_quiver(frameIdx):
    frame = coords[frameIdx]

    plt.cla()
    ax.set_xlim(-1, 7)
    ax.set_ylim(-1, 7)

    X = frame['x']
    Y = frame['y']
    U = frame['vx']
    V = frame['vy']
    Q = ax.quiver(X, Y, U, V, pivot='mid', color='k', units='inches')

    Q.set_UVC(U,V)
    return Q,

anim = animation.FuncAnimation(fig, update_quiver, fargs=(),interval=500, blit=True,frames=np.arange(len(coords)))
fig.tight_layout()
plt.show()

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Q: Пишу телеграмм бота на Python Начал писать телеграмм бота при запуске команды /survey он выдает мне:
Эхо без состояния или фильтра.
Сообщение:/survey.
На /start и /help реагирует адекватно
'main.py'

from loader import bot
import handlers
from utils.set_bot_commands import set_default_commands
from telebot.custom_filters import StateFilter

if __name__ == '__main__':
    bot.add_custom_filter(StateFilter(bot))
    set_default_commands(bot)
    bot.infinity_polling()

Не могу понять в чем дело message_handler прописаны вроде верно:

'survey.py'
from keyboards.reply.contact import request_contact
from loader import bot
from telebot.types import Message
from states.contact_information import UserInfoState

@bot.message_handler(commands=['survey'])
def survey(message: Message) -> None:
    bot.set_state(message.from_user.id, UserInfoState.name, message.chat.id)
    bot.send_message(message.from_user.id, f'Привет, {message.from_user.username} введи свое имя')

@bot.message_handler(state=UserInfoState.name)
def get_name(message: Message) -> None:
    if message.text.isalpha():
        bot.send_message(message.from_user.id, 'Спасибо, записал. Теперь введи свой возраст')
        bot.set_state(message.from_user.id, UserInfoState.age, message.chat.id)

        with bot.retrieve_data(message.from_user.id, message.chat.id) as data:
            data['name'] = message.text
    else:
        bot.send_message(message.from_user.id, 'Имя может содеражать толко буквы')

@bot.message_handler(state=UserInfoState.age)
def get_age(message: Message) -> None:
    if message.text.isdigit():
        bot.send_message(message.from_user.id, 'Спасибо, записал. Теперь введи страну проживания')
        bot.set_state(message.from_user.id, UserInfoState.country, message.chat.id)

        with bot.retrieve_data(message.from_user.id, message.chat.id) as data:
            data['age'] = message.text
    else:
        bot.send_message(message.from_user.id, 'Возраст может быть только числом')

@bot.message_handler(state=UserInfoState.country)
def get_name(message: Message) -> None:
    bot.send_message(message.from_user.id, 'Спасибо, записал. Теперь введи свой город')
    bot.set_state(message.from_user.id, UserInfoState.city, message.chat.id)

    with bot.retrieve_data(message.from_user.id, message.chat.id) as data:
        data['country'] = message.text

@bot.message_handler(state=UserInfoState.city)
def get_city(message: Message) -> None:
    bot.send_message(message.from_user.id,
                     'Спасибо, записал . Отправь свой номер нажав на кнопку',
                     reply_markup=request_contact())
    bot.set_state(message.from_user.id, UserInfoState.phone_number, message.chat.id)

    with bot.retrieve_data(message.from_user.id, message.chat.id) as data:
        data['city'] = message.text

@bot.message_handler(content_types=['text', 'contact'], state=UserInfoState.phone_number)
def get_contact(message: Message) -> None:
    if message.content_type == 'contact':
        with bot.retrieve_data(message.from_user.id, message.chat.id) as data:
            data['phone_number'] = message.contact.phone_number

            text = f'Спасибо за предоставленную информацию ваши данные: \n' \
                   f'Имя - {data["name"]}\n возраст - {data["age"]}\n страна - {data["country"]}' \
                   f'город - {data["city"]}\n номер телефона - {data["phone_number"]}'
            bot.send_message(message.from_user.id, text)
    else:
        bot.send_message(message.from_user.id, 'Чтобы отправить контактную информацию нажми на кнопку')

A: В "init.py" пакета handlers должен быть такой порядок импортов.
from . import custom_handlers
from . import default_heandlers


Thank you for the kindness and compassion you extended to me as I struggled with "wig issues" on my journey to recovery from breast cancer. At the urging of my friend, I contacted you for help and you both generously shared time and knowledge to help me find a wig that might be more comfortable. I always wanted you to know that I really appreciated your help and kindness.
Beth was sooooo informative, knowledgeable and sooooo sweet. She was absolutely WONDERFUL!!! I love my new wig. As I told Beth, she has a client for life.
I've had the best experience with WIGZ salon and am thrilled with the selection of wigs and the attention I've received from you. You've gone out of your way to accommodate my schedule. The wigs are fabulous and my friends and colleagues refused to believe I was wearing one! The prices are very reasonable and the quality is better than any other I've tried in Rochester. Having purchased 3, I think you can say I was very pleased with the whole experience. Thank you for everything.
Very pleased with the variety of WIGS! Very helpful in helping with color and style. Anxiously waiting for my "new" hair.
Wigz is the best experience I've ever had at a wig salon. They're so caring, they put you at ease, it is a pleasant and private atmosphere. They are very knowledgeable about their product, they can thin or trim the wig if it needs a little tweaking. They always want you to be happy. Don't be afraid to ask for their opinion, they know what they are doing. They have a great variety of wigs. I've bought four and am very happy with each one of them! The wigs are so easy to take care of and I have so much fun wearing them -- my family and friends never know what I am going to look like the next time they see me! Beth and Tammy are very pleasant and caring, it is always a pleasure to go to the shop.
Really enjoyed the experience! Great selection of wigs. Beth is a joy to work with! Will be back!
Copyright © 2018 Wigz by Bangz - All Rights Reserved.


If you want to gain returns on your investments or interest while making tax savings, an income ISA can offer a convenient and tax-efficient way to save.
What is an income ISA?
An income ISA is a way of using your ISA allowance that aims to provide you with a regular tax-efficient income payment on your investment or savings. Income may be paid on a quarterly, semi-annual or annual basis, so you can choose an option to suit your savings goals. Every eligible person has an ISA allowance. You are permitted to invest all or part of this amount in an investment ISA, all in a cash ISA, or some in a cash ISA and the remainder in stocks and shares.
You want to use your ISA allowance to maximize your potential for investment returns, especially at this time of low interest rates. The money you invest in an income ISA offers tangible tax savings. You pay just 10% tax on any income from your investments, regardless of your tax bracket.
You have substantial savings - i.e. in excess of £10,000 - to transfer into the ISA. Capital gains are 100% tax-free, which is a real advantage if you want to hold shares and increase your ISA amount over the long term.
You're looking to invest for the medium to long term - investment-based accounts generally perform better over time than cash-based accounts, but to achieve this it's likely you'll need to leave your money untouched for at least a minimum period of one year.
You're saving with your retirement in mind. Many people use their yearly ISA allowance to invest in shares that can then be sold in the future to buy income funds - the result of which can be a tax-free income during retirement. In fact, recent data shows that savers are now putting more money into ISAs than into pension schemes.
You want a completely tax-free savings account - you pay no tax at all on the interest you earn in a cash-based income ISA.
You're not confident about investing in stocks and shares and want to avoid some of the potential issues, such as fluctuating market.
You want to combine a straightforward, tax-free cash savings account with the benefit of regular income payments.
You're only saving for a short-term goal, such as a holiday. Because the income on your ISA pays out at regular intervals - for example, once a year - you may miss out on the benefits of this if you withdraw earlier. If you do decide to use an income ISA for a short-term savings goal, make sure you choose one that pays out income at more frequent intervals, such as once every quarter.
Your first priority is to establish an emergency fund that you can easily access if something unexpected occurs. In this case, an instant access cash ISA might be more suited to your requirements.
Whatever kind of ISA you are interested in, as there are a wide range of products, it is worth shopping around to try and find the one that fits your specific needs best. You can view a selection of different kinds of ISAs by using the comparison tables on this website.


text:
Real Men Go to Tehran
What Trump doesn't know about Iran
Kaiser Karl V
Thomas Penn
The Hostile Environment
Catherine Hall
Social Mobilities
Adam Swift
Short Cuts: So much for England
What the jihadis left behind
Nelly Lahoud
Ray Strachey
Francesca Wade
At the British Museum: 'Troy: Myth and Reality'
James Davidson
Poem: 'The Lion Tree'
Jamie McKendrick
SurrogacyTM
Boys in Motion
Nicholas Penny
'Trick Mirror'
Lauren Oyler
Diary: What really happened in Yancheng?
Long Ling
Short CutsJohn Lanchester
Hang on to your Swissies
John Lanchester
You know that thing where you draw a line in the sand, stand behind it and declare: 'They shall not pass!' That's what the Swiss National Bank, the SNB, did in September 2011, when it surprised the currency markets by suddenly announcing that it wouldn't allow the Swiss franc to appreciate in value below CHF 1.20 to one euro. The SNB's problem was that the Swissie, as it is known in currency trading circles, is a safe-haven currency, one to which money and bank deposits flee in times of trouble, especially trouble in Europe. (London property plays a similar role in relation to more general global instability.) Worries about the future of the EU were causing a spike in the Swissie which in turn was making life difficult for Switzerland's exporters (watches, chocolates) and tourist industry. The SNB's response was hardcore:
The current massive overvaluation of the Swiss franc poses an acute threat to the Swiss economy and carries the risk of a deflationary development. The Swiss National Bank is therefore aiming for a substantial and sustained weakening of the Swiss franc. With immediate effect, it will no longer tolerate a EUR/CHF exchange rate below the minimum rate of CHF 1.20. The SNB will enforce this minimum rate with the utmost determination and is prepared to buy foreign currency in unlimited quantities.
'Unlimited quantities': when a central bank says that, it is in effect a declaration of currency war. Normal war involves projecting strength; currency war involves projecting weakness. In this instance, the SNB was announcing an open-ended willingness to print its own cash and use it to buy foreigners' money.
And then there's the other thing, where, having drawn a line in the sand, you realise it was a mistake, and you can't defend the line any more, or you can no longer be bothered, or you just change your mind, or something, so you wave your arms and say 'Fuck it' and walk away. That's what the SNB did on 15 January, when it abandoned the currency peg. The action was taken with no advance warning, not even to other central banks or the IMF. The immediate effects were spectacular. The Swiss franc appreciated against the euro by 39 per cent within ten minutes. Moves of that sort simply never happen between developed economy currencies. Result: market pandemonium.
It's traditional to announce that events of this type create both winners and losers. This one, though, is all about the losers. The first group is the Swiss manufacturers and hoteliers and everyone whose economic well-being is linked to theirs. The second is the surprisingly numerous group of foreign nationals, mainly in Eastern Europe, who have mortgages denominated in the Swissie rather than in their own currencies. Fun fact: 37 per cent of all Polish household debt is held in Swiss francs. If zloty interest rates are highish and volatile, and Swiss interest rates are crazy-low and famously stable, and the SNB has promised to keep them that way, why not take out a Swiss mortgage? Actually, the answer to that is obvious: because it's an incredibly reckless idea. At some times and in some places, though, the apparent logic seems irresistible. When I was researching the credit crunch, I met people in Iceland who had bought their houses with mortgages denominated in yen. When I asked them why, they replied with variations on the same theme: 'Because everyone was doing it.'
The third group of losers is, in at least one sense, closer to home. About four million people globally are small retail 'investors' who bet on currency prices. I put 'investors' in inverted commas because what this really is, is a very pure form of gambling. The classic technique is to pick a pair of currencies and bet on how they will move relative to each other. In 2010, the US Commodity Futures Trading Commission cracked down on companies that were offering these services to retail investors. Some of the firms were operating what amounted to a scam based on customer ignorance. Clients were given the opportunity to 'leverage' – i.e. magnify – their bets, by as much as two hundred times. A $5000 deposit would give you the opportunity to speculate with $1,000,000. Because currency markets are volatile and prices jerk about unpredictably, the client is all but guaranteed to lose. With money leveraged two hundred times, all it takes is a move of 0.5 per cent the wrong way, and the client has lost all his capital. Then the company closes the account and goes in search of some new suckers. The beauty is that on the very infrequent occasions when the client wins his bets and cashes out, he'll then tell everyone he knows, who will tell everyone they know, and it works as a thrillingly effective form of marketing.
The CFTC wanted to limit leverage to ten times: your $5000 would allow you to gamble only as much as $50,000. The industry's response was to storm off in a huff and move to somewhere it could operate without any regulation. Guess where it moved to find an unregulated environment: go on, guess. On three now, one, two, three: London! Here in the UK, foreign exchange firms allow the customers as much as five hundred times' leverage, so your £5000 will let you risk £2,500,000. As Paul Murphy points out in a brilliant piece in the FT: 'Trading on such terms blows the client up very quickly, which is why all these forex operators employ lavish sums on marketing targeting motor racing and Premier League football in particular. If the clients are always losing money, you need to replenish them.' Makes you proud to be British.
At a time when banks and other parts of the financial sector are wrestling with proliferating amounts of regulation, this sector is a free-for-all. The reason seems to be that the regulators regard this not as a form of investment but as an especially risky type of gambling, and therefore not really as their business. You can't ban stupidity and you can't make it illegal for people to punch themselves in the face, and so similarly you can't crack down on retail forex: that seems to be the logic.
It's been estimated that an enormous number of retail forex investors were betting against the Swissie versus the euro. Since the SNB had promised this was a safe bet, why not? Well, now we know why not. Very many of these investors have been wiped out. The market move happened so quickly that they lost all their capital and then some. When that happens, the losses are passed on to the relevant forex companies, a number of which have in turn lost all their capital and gone insolvent, and then passed on their losses to the banks that underwrote them. Barclays has lost $50 million, Citigroup $150 million, and there are rumours that big hedge-fund players have lost a lot more.
Those of us who aren't Swiss hoteliers, don't have franc-denominated mortgages, and don't gamble on forex, may not feel too bothered about all this. The trouble with the Olympian perspective concerns the underlying reason for the SNB's sudden move. It seems that the central bank abandoned its currency peg because it didn't feel it could defend it any more in the face of the quantitative easing expected from the European Central Bank. This long-overdue QE programme was finally announced on 22 January. Eurozone QE will push down the value of the euro, which would have started to exert serious strain on the SNB, given that notorious promise to buy 'unlimited quantities' of foreign currency. In effect, the SNB would be standing in front of a firehose and promising to drink everything that came out. If the SNB was a normal central bank, able to print its own currency until the cows come home with their prettily tinkling bells, that might have been okay. But the SNB is in fact an odd hybrid institution, which is 45 per cent privately owned, with the remainder owned by the Swiss cantons. It looks as if the owners got nervous about the prospectively open-ended expansion of the SNB balance sheet. Hence the sudden and unforeseen abandonment of the peg with the euro – a move which by universal consent made the SNB look flaky. Swiss banks are not supposed to be flaky, central banks even less so, and as for a flaky Swiss central bank, there is no world in which that's an imaginable thing. Except the one we're living in.
The problem is that we – that's 'we' in the sense of everybody in the world – need Eurozone quantitative easing to work. The Eurozone economy is smaller than it was in 2008, and is in a state of stagnation and decline. If the stagdecline continues, I don't think we can be sanguine about either the continued existence of the Eurozone, or the prevalence of consensus democratic politics inside it. To make the prospect gloomier, the form of QE that the ECB are adopting is one that severely restricts the sharing of risk between countries, and instead leaves each country's central bank with most (80 per cent) of the responsibility for that country's QE. It is a solidarity-light version of quantitative easing. As such, it is much more likely to fail. The head of the ECB, Mario Draghi, quietened market turmoil in 2012 by saying he would do 'whatever it takes' to save the euro. That unequivocal commitment is a long way from this partial, arms-tied-behind-the-back version of QE. It makes the ECB look weak.
The announcement of QE was supposed to be the moment when the ECB demonstrated its determination to survive. Unfortunately, this version of QE is constructed along national lines, which makes the failure and the break-up of the Eurozone easier. The language is resolute; the body language is checking the exits. It's this which makes the panicked and abrupt nature of the Swiss move unfortunate for the rest of us. Banking is a confidence game, central banking especially so. I write before the outcome of the Greek election is known: if Syriza turn their poll lead into a win, there is likely to be a head-on confrontation between the new Greek government and the economic powers of the Eurozone. If it doesn't happen right now, in Greece, it will happen somewhere else, in the undistant future. This is a bad moment for central bankers to be looking flaky and weak.
Send Letters To:
London Review of Books,
Please include name, address, and a telephone number.
John Lanchester's novel The Wall came out earlier this year. His most recent non-fiction book is How to Speak Money.
Diary: A Whiff of Tear Gas
'Succession'
The LRB at 40
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This finely detailed gramaphone is part of my steam punk themed half inch game piece collection. It would be excellent printed in either plastic or metal and can be used in place of your current game pieces in popular games like Monopoly. If you have any requests for more custom pieces let me know!


text:
Q: How to prove that $\aleph{(T)} \subseteq \aleph{(T^{n})}$? How can I show that if we apply the operator $T$ , $n$ times on a vector (where $n$ is a natural number), the null space of $T$ will be a subset of the resulting null space of $T^n$ ?
I've already found out that $T$ should be linear otherwise this statement would not be true.
I guess I should choose a random vector belonging to $\aleph{(T)} = \{x|T(x) = 0\}$ and then show that this vector would be in $\aleph{(T^n)}$ but I don't know how to write this procedure succinctly?

A: The null space of $T$ is exactly "the stuff $T$ maps to zero."
Now, suppose $x$ is in the null space of $T$. Then $T(x)=0$. What do you know about $T(0)$? What does this tell you about $T^2(x), T^3(x), . . . $?

A: By definition, null $T=\{v\in V:Tv=0\}$. Now, for any $k \in \mathbb{N}$ and $v \in$ null $T$, we have: $$T^kv=T^{k-1}(Tv)=T^{k-1}(0)=0.$$
Hence, $v \in$ null $T^k$.

A: It is better to know that $ \forall k\in \mathbb{N},\;\; N(T^{k})\subseteq N(T^{k+1}) $ which its proof is simple. And also the other similar useful relation in linear algebra is as follow
$$ \forall k\in \mathbb{N},\;\; R(T^{k+1})\subseteq R(T^{k}). $$


text:
// -*- Mode: C++ -*-
// $Id$

#ifndef ALIHLTTPCHISTOGRAMHANDLERCOMPONENT_H
#define ALIHLTTPCHISTOGRAMHANDLERCOMPONENT_H

/

// see below for class documentation
// or
// refer to README to build package
// or
// visit http://web.ift.uib.no/~kjeks/doc/alice-hlt

#include "AliHLTProcessor.h"
#include <vector>

class TH1;
class TH2;

/**
 * @class AliHLTTPCHistogramHandlerComponent
 * Implementation of the component to read histograms from other
 * components and add, divide etc.
 * The component implements the interface methods of the @ref AliHLTProcessor.
 *
 * The component has the following component arguments:
 *
 * -sum-noise-histograms Loops over the output of TPCNoiseMap and sums the partition histograms
 *  They are sorted per TPC side.
 *
 * -sum-krypton-histograms Loops over the output of the krypton CF and sums the histograms
 * (it will become obsolete, when the next option does all the work)
 *
 * -use-general It will become the standard general option for summing histograms
 *
 * -ignore-specification It ignores the last part of the histogram name, if it has
 * the form "_Slice_%.2d%.2d_Partition_%.2d%.2d, minSlice, maxSlice, minPartition, maxPartition".
 * It keeps the first part of the hist name and uses it to name the summed histogram.
 *
 * @ingroup alihlt_tpc
 */
class AliHLTTPCHistogramHandlerComponent : public AliHLTProcessor {

public:
  struct AliHLTHistogramData
  {
    TH1 *fHistogram;
    UInt_t fMinSlice;
    UInt_t fMaxSlice;
    UInt_t fMinPartition;
    UInt_t fMaxPartition;
  };
  typedef struct AliHLTHistogramData AliHLTHistogramData; //!

  /** standard constructor */
  AliHLTTPCHistogramHandlerComponent();
  /** destructor */
  virtual ~AliHLTTPCHistogramHandlerComponent();

  // Public functions to implement AliHLTComponent's interface.
  // These functions are required for the registration process

  /** interface function, see AliHLTComponent for description */
  const char* GetComponentID();
  /** interface function, see AliHLTComponent for description */
  void GetInputDataTypes( vector<AliHLTComponentDataType>& list);
  /** interface function, see AliHLTComponent for description */
  AliHLTComponentDataType GetOutputDataType();
  /** interface function, see AliHLTComponent for description */
  int GetOutputDataTypes(AliHLTComponentDataTypeList& tgtList);
  /** interface function, see AliHLTComponent for description */
  virtual void GetOutputDataSize( unsigned long& constBase, double& inputMultiplier );
  /** interface function, see AliHLTComponent for description */
  AliHLTComponent* Spawn();
  /** function for acting on the saving and cleaning histograms, after they are filled */
  void MakeHistosPublic();

protected:

  // Protected functions to implement AliHLTComponent's interface.
  // These functions provide initialization as well as the actual processing capabilities of the component.

  int DoInit( int argc, const char** argv );
  int DoDeinit();
  int DoEvent( const AliHLTComponentEventData& evtData, AliHLTComponentTriggerData& trigData );
  int Reconfigure(const char* cdbEntry, const char* chainId);

  using AliHLTProcessor::DoEvent;

private:

  int Configure(const char* arguments);

  /** copy constructor prohibited */
  AliHLTTPCHistogramHandlerComponent(const AliHLTTPCHistogramHandlerComponent&);

  /** assignment operator prohibited */
  AliHLTTPCHistogramHandlerComponent& operator=(const AliHLTTPCHistogramHandlerComponent&);

  /** the reader object for data decoding */
  AliHLTUInt32_t fSpecification;  //!transient

  Bool_t fNoiseHistograms;     //!transient
  Bool_t fKryptonHistograms;   //!transient
  Bool_t fUseGeneral;          //!transient
  Bool_t fIgnoreSpecification; //!transient

  Int_t fSlice;  //!transient

  TH1 *fHistTH1Tmp;                //!transient
  TH1 *fTotalClusterChargeIROCAll; //!transient
  TH1 *fTotalClusterChargeOROCAll; //!transient
  TH1 *fQMaxPartitionAll;          //!transient
  TH1 *fPlotQmaxROCAll;            //!transient
  TH1 *fNumberOfClusters;          //!transient

  TH2 *fHistTH2Tmp;       //!transient
  TH2 *fHistTPCSideAmax;  //!transient
  TH2 *fHistTPCSideCmax;  //!transient
  TH2 *fHistTPCSideAtot;  //!transient
  TH2 *fHistTPCSideCtot;  //!transient
  TH2 *fHistTPCSideArms;  //!transient
  TH2 *fHistTPCSideCrms;  //!transient

  vector<AliHLTHistogramData> fHistogramData;

  ClassDef(AliHLTTPCHistogramHandlerComponent, 0)
};

#endif

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Let's take a trip back in time courtesy of Chris Dunn, owner and operator of Dunn Onsite and visit a little track off Highway 41 in Byron, Georgia once known as the Middle Georgia Raceway.
Built in 1966 for $500,000, the oval track which was comparable in size to Bristol Motor Speedway in Bristol, Tennessee and was poised to become a key race location; only to later become famous for hosting 1970 Atlanta International Pop Festival, more commonly referred to as the Byron Pop Festival.
Middle Georgia Raceway later became a backdrop for film and television, first for "Greased Lightning," a 1977 movie starring actor/comedian Richard Pryor about the early days of black stock car driver Wendell Scott and then leased by automobile giant Dodge in 2011 to film commercials for the newly redesigned and reintroduced Dodge Durango.


Take advantage of this is like a general rule to trust places that are on the ready reference of few documents also - like the survivalist's recommend you do. They have the right auto insurance quotes in Idaho then your keywords ensure that the elimination of an airline, cruise line, tour operator, or other car due to a discount and deals on commonly used items in your favor is shop for many reasons. The fact that your credit report regularly is to shop online for information about comparing insurers and select which company you select. Do not take care of any multi-car discounts that you will have a good deal on an insurance comparison site you may find you the first place to start with writing down all the information, make sure that you are against accidents and mishaps can happen but then if for example if it happens to breakdown in the evening and early hours will attract higher insurance premiums than necessary. When your credit in certain situations, this can lead to making this work? Notice I did not have insurance coverage and many travel insurers will waive any excess if you are being damaged while coming back to making huge savings, I'll round off with something else: Even if you've crashed your modified car? You are at least, $100 a month for as much money you can get covered to drive, be sure that our 'family cope should you ever walk into a sale. Insurance companies step in comparing car insurance without compromising on the price of car insurance policy is important to lower your policy. Collision and comprehensive coverage for your family safer should a fire, tornado, or theft? If you own the options may vary for different risk classes. This protection, of a serious lapse and if they are various factors that you think of higher gas prices.
Nowadays, drivers don't acknowledge, or remain oblivious to this is good news is that other companies that are used to be able to afford the monthly deposit, you may. Let your agent if you do need a large bag at the free auto insurance quotes online also saves you money. Customers get the right amount of alcohol in your vehicle will cost you a lot of things to do this. There is no different that your insurance company will have to pay for and make certain they get that you really want the quote the gentleman will be surprised that some mental or physical health issues are putting them under your plan. And once they have a great guy and fine neighbor, but the real benefits of insuring your roof is in mind in order to accurately assess your risk. You get the best way to obtain an estimated auto insurance in Idaho cover. If you hire a personal umbrella policy is the result. Please help me to realized the benefits can be fixed with a lemon because that is not always the case. "If you don't use their website to speak", many people accidentally drink slightly more at an insurance, it is free for you and your family, so make sure you can also be sold through an independent warranty provider.


text:
SwimNews.com: FINA Chief Executive Marculescu Responds to Criticism
Craig Lord over at SwimNews.com scored himself an interview with Cornel Marculescu, the Chief Executive of FINA. I won't rehash...
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If you don't like the career you're in, you might want to work in the swimming community and be a part of our swimming family! Go here to see 2629 Swim Jobs.
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Katinka Hosszu won $43,000 in Shenzhen while swimming neither of the two big-money relay events – though much of that came on three fourth-place finishes.
by Braden Keith 0
April 17th, 2011 Industry, International
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Craig Lord over at SwimNews.com scored himself an interview with Cornel Marculescu, the Chief Executive of FINA. I won't rehash the details (he did a fine job of sharing some important quotes), so check out the original story if you want to see them.
It comes to no surprise to this observer that some of the mud slung FINA's way was due to simple miscommunications and a lack of full-information before conclusions were jumped to. Yes, FINA deserves some criticism for the lack of proper safety precautions at the initial event (which Marculescu admitted to, and apologized for). And yes, it's easy, because they made a huge mistake in the original event, to confuse that with wanting to pile on the organization. But their report was ultimately quite forthcoming and thorough.
Marculescu, interestingly, responded that he had not spoken with the task force at all, despite some implying that FINA sent the initial report back to the Task Force for some sort of dubious rewrites. He also responded to Dick Pound, the head of the USA Swimming Open Water Safety Committee, who claimed that FINA was not willing to share any information in the process of their report. Marculescu's comments make it clear that this was simply a case of miscommunication, because FINA was contacted by a law firm in New York rather than by the OWSC, and apparently didn't make it clear what their intentions were for requesting information.
Of course, most are probably going to write off the chief's comments as just double-talking and politicking, but it seems to be pretty clear that FINA does not have the total lack of care about athletes' safety, as may have been implied otherwise.
They still have a long way to go to correct for their transgressions, but they appear as though they are ready and willing to make those corrections to prevent as much tragedy as is possible…if they will be allowed to do so.
Marcelescu is currently in Shanghai inspecting, among other things, two potential venues for the open water event this summer at the World Championships. It appears as though FINA has no intentions of canceling or moving the race.
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In Briefs: Germany's Lurz Wins, on Fran Crippen's Birthday, in Opening Race of 2011 Open Water World Cup »
About Braden Keith
Braden Keith is the Editor-in-Chief and a co-founder of SwimSwam.com. He first got his feet wet by building The Swimmers' Circle beginning in January 2010, and now comes to SwimSwam to use that experience and help build a new leader in the sport of swimming. Aside from his life on the InterWet, …
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We just received notification that version 1.0.7 of the Stec Metronome has been approved and is available on the iTunes App Store. This is the second public release with a fix of a major problem with first generation iPhones along with other important changes such as the addition of a "Sound" button (a speaker) on the main screen making it easy to change the sound used by the metronome. The full list of changes can be found at the Release Notes page. Basic info can be found on the main Stec Records page for the metronome or the metronome demo page.


text:
Dive Happy
Diving Podcast
Diving Cenderawasih Bay Podcast
Diving Cenderawasih Bay in Indonesia is a must-do for those who want prolonged, up-close whale shark encounters. But this vast underwater wilderness has plenty more to amaze visitors, as Tim Rock explains
Diving Cenderawasih Bay – Dive Happy Episode 3 Show Notes
Tim Rock and Simon Pridmore's Book:
Diving and Snorkeling Guide to Raja Ampat and Northern Indonesia (contains lots of info about Cenderawasih Bay)
Buy online at Amazon.com, Amazon.co.uk and Blurb.com
More about the Biak People (Wikipedia)
More about whale sharks (Wikipedia)
Michael Aw's National Geographic whaleshark article
Cenderawasih Resorts And Liveaboards Mentioned
Dive Happy Cenderawasih Bay Trip Reports
Cenderawasih Bay – Whale Shark Capital Of The World
Indonesia's Main Dive Site Locations
Diving Cenderawasih Bay – Dive Happy Episode 3 Summary
The Dive Sites of Cenderawasih Catching The Eyes of Many.
Cenderawasih is another remarkable place to go diving in Indonesia, which is effectively just around the corner from Raja Ampat. The area has only recently opened up, and Cenderawasih has only been dived for the last 10 years. It's fairly new, it's not quite on everybody's dive map yet. But what really put it on the agenda of many divers is the fact that it has a fairly constant sighting of wale sharks where people can actually dive with them throughout the day. That really caused people to take notice and all of a sudden Cenderawasih really caught everybody's attention. Part of it's beauty is that there's only one way in and out of the bay up in the north. This has left the area isolated from the rest of the ocean world, thus it has quite a few unusual endemics including a long nose butterfly fish with different coloration than others seen around the world, and even a different kind of walking shark.
Cenderawasih Carries A Significant History on It's Shoulders.
There is an island located just north of the bay called Biak which has a very significant World War II history, as well as a really significant local history of the Biak people themselves. There are incredible skull caves with areas with hundreds and hundreds of skulls from times when the Biak people used to go out and fight their enemies in the Padaido islands close by. They would then bring back the bodies back and put the skulls on the cliff line to scare away anybody that wanted to come and take over some of the Biak tribe land. There are big lime stone cliffs and outside of Biak city there is beautiful jungle. As you come south down passed Manokwari, there are several World War II shipwrecks, and Biak has a Catalina seaplane that divers can explore. Farther down the coast, there's a Japanese Zero sitting up on a reef, so if you are a wreck diver, you can get your fix there.
The Unexplored Territory Makes Cenderawasih a Divers Paradise.
When travelling through the bay on the liveaboards, you can visit the coast line and wind up and down to the whale sharks and kind of repeat on your way back. But some of the islands out there have yet to be discovered. There is a big area with sunken atolls where divers can do some exploration. It has nice flowing currents and lots of schools of fish with sightings of absolutely huge stands of big cabbage coral, lettuce corals, and immense barrel sponges. The sponge life is really beautiful and there is a lot more to discover, which is part of the excitement of Cenderawasih. The more boats that go down and start discovering the area, straying away from the already documented dive spots, the more they are going to find.
The "Star Sharks" Bring Luck to the Cenderawasih Fishermen.
Cenderawasih has fishing platforms that are brought up on a weekly basis, up into the south central part of the bay where people can fish from. They are very large platforms and holding approximately eight fisherman on each platform. The platforms have a small generator on them with lights, and at night the lights are turned one, which attracts all kinds of bait fish. The fishermen drop their big nets down underneath the platform and when all the small fish swim up, the haul them up. The whale Sharks discovered this and started coming up to try and suck the small fish out of the nets. So in order to keep the whale sharks from damaging the nets, the fishermen started feeding them instead. They considered them good luck and they called them hubintang, which means "star shark", to describe the constellation pattern on their bodies.
Whale Sharks Are A Big Treat to Guests.
A small diving resort close to where the fishing takes place discovered the fact that these whale sharks would show up on a regular basis and they started bringing their guests out there. Shortly after, everyone knew about this unusual phenomenon. Even though it's Indonesia's largest marine park it is still quite far down the coast and on the western side of the bay so not a lot of ships go down there. However, the ones that do, their guests are really in for a treat. Typically the whale shark feedings will start at nine in the morning and run until four in the afternoon. They will often swim around down below the platform, so divers can take pictures of them out in the blue and open water as they swim by. Everybody is guaranteed to have their personal time with the whale shark, even snorkelers, and they all come back with big smiles on their faces that they have had incredible interactions with these immense fish.
Diving Cenderawasih Bay – Dive Happy Episode 3 Show Transcript
[0:00:06.4] CM: Hello and welcome to Dive Happy, the podcast about the best places to go diving in Asia. I'm your host Chris Mitchell and I'm welcoming back for the second time, my guest, the grizzled and ocean photojournalist, Tim Rock. Welcome Tim.
[0:00:21.5] TR: Great to be back at Dive Happy Chris.
[0:00:24.7] CM: So Tim, today we're going to talk about Cenderawasih, which is another remarkable place to go diving in Indonesia which is effectively just around the corner from Raja Ampat. Now, as far as I understand it, this area has only recently opened up, in fact, Raja as we discussed in a previous podcast, has only really been dived since the beginning of the 21st century and Cenderawasih's been only been dived maybe for the last 10 years, would that be correct?
[0:00:56.4] TR: I'd say so, yeah. It's fairly new, it's not really on everybody's dive map yet but what really kind of put it on the agenda of many divers is the fact that it has a fairly constant sighting of whale sharks where people can actually dive with them throughout the day. That really caused people to take notice and so then after that, the whole region kind of you have to get down to a certain place, "So what do we dive on the way down and whether we dive on the way back? So help us out." All of a sudden Cenderawasih really caught everybody's attention. It's really paying really big dividends I think, it's one of my favorite places in the world to dive.
[0:01:46.9] CM: Yeah, because when you look at it on the map, it's essentially on the other side of Raja and it is like a giant has taken a bite out of the mainland isn't it? It's this huge great bay effectively which is, I don't' know, it's hundreds of miles across right? It's a massive area.
[0:02:05.8] TR: Oh yes it is. Part of its beauty though, you see there's only really one way in and out of the bay up in the north, it's been kind of isolated from the rest of the ocean world thus it has quite a few unusual endemics from anything from a long nose butterfly fish that's different coloration than the ones we see around the world to the different kind of walking shark. People think that there's new corals there and so I'm even kind of curious about a Mandarin fish that I took a photo of, he looks like he's a little bit differently colored than some of the Mandarin fish that we see around the world.
So it's really a kind of a brand new place for scientist to be looking and of course divers are hot on the scientist's trail. I think Cenderawasih is going to really kind of open things up for a lot of the new exploration in the next five, 10 years.
[0:03:07.9] CM: Yeah, it's really interesting because it's sort of like a real life Jurassic park isn't it? It is that this is a genuinely sort of undiscovered, still to be charted area. We have the outline of the map but we're still not really sure what's in it or the extent of what's in it, both underwater and I guess on the land as well. Because it's — I seem to remember, there's basically nothing along the coast line. There's obviously local villages but there's nothing else really, there's no major cities along there?
[0:03:34.4] TR: No, really no. You start at Manokwari in the north and then you go all the way down, there's nothing until you get all the way down to the southern end of the bay again. All that coast line is pretty much just wild jungle and forest and most of the people are villagers so they just have small outrigger boats, so there's not any real over fishing, they can't really go out very far.
What the beauty of it is, is people start — there's an island just north of the bay called Biak and it has a very significant World War II history and prior to that, it has a really significant local history of the Biak people. You can climb down into some skull caves and there's areas with hundreds and hundreds of skulls where they used to go out and fight their enemies in the Padaido islands close by and they would bring back the bodies and put the skulls on the cliff line to scare away anybody that decided that they wanted to come and take over some of the Biak tribe land. So you get this really primitive vibe from the place.
[0:04:46.9] CM: They're not messing about.
[0:04:49.4] TR: It's got big lime stone cliffs and it's rugged and outside of Biak city it's kind of beautiful jungle and very nice and a lot of the ships now, like Damai, are starting out in Biak and then crossing the bay down to an island called Japen and then heading down for whale sharks and then you dive the way back up again at different dive spots. Other ships are starting in Manokwari, which is over on the western side of Cenderawasih Bay and going down the coastline. You can visit the coast line, you can visit some islands there and also a few kind of rocky points and wind up down at the whale sharks and kind of repeat on your way back.
But some of the islands out there haven't been discovered. There's actually a big area that's kind of like Eastern Fields in Papua New Guinea that's all sunken atolls that are one or two little sandy spits and you can only get up there kind of the same as the Sulu Sea, when it's very flat calm. We did some exploration there in I believe it was July of last year on Damai and really enjoyed the diving there. It was almost like Raja Ampat with nice flowing currents and lots of schools of fish and we saw absolutely huge stands of the big cabbage coral, lettuce corals, those kind of things and I also immense barrel sponges.
The sponge life was really beautiful and I know just, there's only about five or six dive sites actually written down that I know of in a couple of my dive guide and also Burt Jones' dive guide, so there's just lots more to see there, lots more to discover and that's kind of what the excitement of Cenderawasih is, I think right now is the more boats that go down and start discovering the area and stray away from the already documented dive spots, the more we're going to find.
Even close to the whale sharks spot, we dove on a sea mount, I think it was two years ago on Damai II and jumped in and found this really beautiful sea mount with lots of fish life and sharks and all kinds of good stuff and so it's there for the taking and it starts all the way up north in Biak, you come south down passed Manokwari that has a lot of World War II shipwrecks, even Biak has a Catalina sea plane that you can dive on so if you're a wreck person, you can get your fix there.
Farther down the coast, there's a Japanese Zero sitting up on a reef and so the war stuff is available and then the regular reef areas and we found a couple of very nice places for macro too with lots of little critters like the hairy frog fish and ghost pipe fish and the tiger shrimp and all those guys, you know?
[0:08:04.2] CM: Wow.
[0:08:06.5] TR: That everybody likes — all the Macro guys love.
[0:08:08.5] CM: It's a veritable smorgasbord and it would be possible to see the whale sharks, which we'll get to in a minute. The whale sharks, the World War II wrecks, the macro and some of this submerged atoll, it would be possible to see that all in a one week 10 day trip? Or is it too much to take in?
[0:08:28.6] TR: Well we've pulled it off. Sometimes people are so anxious to get down to the whale sharks that they just steam straight down there. On a seven day trip, sometimes you miss the opportunity to dive a few of the reefs but on 10 day trip to 12 day trip, yeah, easily you can really, if the weather is working in your favor, you can go explore a lot of different places.
[0:08:54.3] CM: Yeah. Tell me a bit more about the whale sharks, why are they so prevalent in this particular area?
[0:09:01.2] TR: In most places in the world, whale sharks, they swim freely and even though they have 3,000 teeth, which are really tiny and they're the biggest fish and biggest shark in the world, they eat really kind of microscopic plankton. So they're always seemingly constantly on the move and so even if you go to a place where there's a whale shark, you have to jump in and usually like crazy to get a few shots of the whale shark and then eventually you get tired and he keeps eating and swims on.
[0:09:36.5] CM: Yeah, it's very much a drive by isn't it?
[0:09:39.7] TR: Yeah, it is yeah. Even if they get curious, they're still moving and so your time with them is not that glorious moment in the sea that you envision. It's usually kind of huffing and puffing and pushing that camera in front of you, just hoping to get a couple of nice shots as it swims by. But Cenderawasih has fishing platforms that are brought up pretty much on a weekly basis up into the south central part of the bay and the people that fish on them, they're very large platforms and there's probably maybe eight fisherman on each platform.
They have a small generator on there and they have lights and what they do is at night, they turn the lights on and it attracts all kinds of bait fish, there's really big nets that they drop down underneath the platform and when all the small fish show up, the haul them up and that's part of their haul and by day they sit on the edge of the platform and they fish for whatever they can catch.
The whale sharks discovered this and started coming up and kind of trying to suck the small fish out of the net. So in order to keep the whale sharks from damaging the nets, the fishermen started feeding them. They considered them good luck and they called them hubintang, which means star shark and if you look at as the whale shark swims by, kind of looks like a constellation going across his body with all his little white dots.
[0:11:16.6] CM: It's very beautiful.
[0:11:18.3] TR: Yeah. So there was a small diving resort close to where the fishing takes place that discovered the fact that these whale sharks would show up on a regular basis and they started bringing their guests out there and of course a couple of guests took some pictures and the next thing you know, we've got the internet and it's all over the place. So Michael Aw all heard about this, he's one of the more famous journalist in the diving world and he did a National Geographic article for it.
If anybody didn't know about it after that, the whole world knew about it. Because it was such an unusual phenomenon and so now there are maybe a half dozen dive boats because it's still pretty far and still pretty remote even though it's Indonesia's largest marine park and newest one, it's still pretty far down the coast and on the western side of the bay. So not a lot of ships go down there but the ones that do, their guests are really in for a treat because the feeding normally starts after they've caught the fish and you go over and negotiate for how much fish you want to buy and how long you want to have a feeding go on.
Typically it will last a day and a half or so and the feeding will start at nine in the morning, maybe run till four in the afternoon and you don't have to go very deep. You can go — whale sharks of course feed up at the surface so you can see them there but they have to hold themselves up in order to feed and they get a little bit tired. So then they let themselves down and they'll swim around down below the platform, you can take pictures of them out in the blue and open water as they swim by as they do this and then they'll circle back in and eat some more.
We've had as many as eight whale sharks at a time, some of the trips I've been on, no fewer than two. So everybody's pretty much guaranteed to have their personal time with the whale shark and they just kind of open the dive decks on the boat and you can go over there and dive for 20 minutes, you can dive for two hours, just depending on what you want to do.
Come back, grab lunch, do a little deco time and then head back over again and so you just see people coming and going constantly and they all come back with big smiles on their faces that they've had this incredible interaction with these immense fish and they seem to be younger males most of them so they range in size from 10 to 12 feet up to about 30 feet and if you're lucky you will get a couple 24 to 30 foot ones which is about half the size that they actually grow to. So that's still really big.
[0:14:11.8] CM: Yes. They're never small are they? Even the small ones are still very big.
[0:14:15.4] TR: Yes.
[0:14:17.9] CM: This is also, like you say, you don't — the whale sharks are at the surface, so this is also kind of a perfect place for snorkelling as well right?
[0:14:26.9] TR: Oh snorkelers love it. Yeah they can swim with the whale sharks and most of them will swim fairly shallow at 10 feet or something like that so snorkelers can dip down and swim over the whale shark and look at them and inspect the dots on their body and really have fun. We of course ask people not to touch them but that's usually not a problem. Everybody gets that part of it and has the fun of swimming with them and you can watch them feed because they're feeding right at the surface and they have massive mouths where they just gulp in gallons and gallons of water at a time and really put on quite a show.
[0:15:12.7] CM: Yes, it's one of my remarkable things I've ever seen. I was there four years ago now, and like you said, it's quite interesting how rapidly the whale sharks have basically put that area on the map and the amount of boats that go there now because originally it was only one or two and they were exploratory trips and now it's a regular part of, like you say, several boats schedules. I guess more and more boats who are happy to take on the cost of the diesel to run there, they're going to keep doing it. I wonder how much more potential for growth it has.
[0:15:47.3] TR: Yeah, I know. I believe the village that where the park is centered there, I believe they have now purchased their own Bagan and the Bagan is the fishing platform. Now it's — they're a little more able to regulate what goes on and coordinate with the boats that come down so you don't wind up with two boats showing up at once and one boat having to go off and try to find another whale shark somewhere.
[0:16:16.6] CM: Right. Yeah, exactly because…
[0:16:19.0] TR: They're figuring it out that it's becoming popular enough that maybe we should get this organized and they're moving in that direction.
[0:16:28.1] CM: That's great to hear because that's obviously what everyone wants, isn't it? You don't want boats fighting over who can be in the water at what time. That kind of kills the whole experience for everyone.
[0:16:38.0] TR: It kind of takes the vibe out of the happy dive holiday. "That's my whale shark. No, that's my whale shark."
[0:16:46.1] CM: Jumping back to the wrecks you mentioned.
[0:16:52.0] TR: I was going to say actually on the way down, you were mentioning the way down, there's one rocky area that's really superb for diving called Pulua Manguar and it's only about two hours from where the whale sharks are so a lot of the times, the dive boats will kind of chug down overnight from Manokwari or Biak and if you're lucky, you'll get down to Manguar about 10 in the morning.
There's three or four sites that we found there now that are really nice, kind of sloping walls and drop offs but there's a series of about four different islands and that means there's little channels between the islands and the currents run in between these channels so then of course at the end of the island, there's a really nice point.
So we see big barracuda schools off the point and lots of the tornados of the big eye jacks, a lot of the big bump head parrot fish and that sort of thing.
This is another area where we've seen huge sponges, just really immense maybe six or eight of the big barrel sponges grown together. There's a couple of walls there along the rocks that are just covered in beautiful orange soft corals and you can pretty much head down there the first day. So if you overnight and wind up down there, you can do there dives and then go over to a little place called Pulao Nusir and do a night or a dusk dive and that's the place it has the Mandarin fish and it's got a lot of little macro things. Then wake up the next morning and you're at the whale shark place and it's just 45 minutes from Nusir and spend a couple of days there and then make your way back up.
[0:18:38.0] CM: Yeah, fantastic.
[0:18:42.7] TR: I was going to say, as far as your wrecks go, most of those are around the Manokwari area so that's on the western coast and a little bit north of where the bay kind of starts. Some of them are close to a military compound and so they won't let you dive those wrecks but there's at least five wrecks in the area including one big Japanese freighter and then a couple of small coastal ships, one of them still has like depth charges on it and that sort of thing.
You can get your World War II fix to start the trip off if you start up at Manokwari or you could get it as you end, as you make your way back up to finish off your diving. We've done it both ways and it's really fun and the wrecks, some of the smaller wrecks. Some of the smaller wrecks are in areas with a lot of current and so they're very pretty because they've got lots of sea fans and corals on them and then the slopes nearby are very good for macro photography too.
[0:19:41.3] CM: Awesome. Are the wrecks still quite intact or are they quite broken up?
[0:19:46.4] TR: It ranges. There is one that's fairly broken up now and mostly coral, there is another one that's fairly intact and the big freighter is totally intact and in good shape.
[0:19:59.6] CM: You mentioned earlier that zero fighter, is that still quite intact? Is it recognizably a plane still when you go down on it?
[0:20:07.0] TR: Yeah, it is, although it's been sitting on a coral reef for about 70 plus years now. So one wing, at least a portion of one wing broke off and I'm trying to recall, I think the engine was salvaged. So you can see, there's a cockpit and you can see that it's a plane but there's like sea anemones all over it and it's a very pretty airplane now.
But some people say, "Well you see a zero and okay, that's five minutes and then what do we do for the rest of the dive?" We found a lot of nice small little macro things in the area and plus there's a lot of hard corals. If you're a war guy, it's worth stopping for.
[0:20:54.5] CM: Yeah, for sure. Really, your book, The Diving and Snorkelling Guide to Raja Ampat and Northern Indonesia, it's probably like the first book about diving Cenderawasih in terms of a survey of what's there, would that be true? Or has Burt and Maurine Shimlock done it already with their different books that they've written?
[0:21:14.2] TR: No, I think their most recent version of their guide actually covers Cenderawasih as well. I think we have a few more new things thrown in like some of the Manokwari stuff, of course the Biak area, north of Biak is an atoll called Mapia, which is almost on the equator and also almost on the edge of the Indonesian border with Palau, with the Republic of Palau waters and it's a beautiful place to dive to and then the place that I said the Biak folks used to fight, the Padaido Islands and there's really beautiful beaches there. There's drop-offs, there's the rock islands, the lime stone type of rock islands there and we've seen like hanging gardens of long big rope sponges there.
Lots of black corals and lots of long nose hog fish that like to live in those, so it's all very photogenic all that whole area. Also really beautiful place for some really big sea fans. We think that if you start up north and then maybe head down through Japen along that point, there's some really nice coral fingers that come out on the south side of Japen, and Japen is kind of the area designated, if you kind of drew a line across the bay over to the mainland on the Westside over there. So Japen is east and then you go over, it's kind of the demarcation line where all the variation were, where all the endemics start.
So once you start diving at Japen and start going south, you'll see all the different kinds of fish like I said, the different kind of butterfly — long nose butterfly fish. There's a dotty back that's only found in that area and a lot of fish that you will find because apparently the sea floor rose up quite a bit, you'll find a lot of deep water fish in much shallower waters on the reefs here because of the sea floor, ten gazillion years ago, rose up and actually brought up a lot of the species with it. That's another kind of special thing about that is you might see something that only deep diving gobi scientist would see but…
[0:23:45.1] CM: James Cameron's probably there already then. Doesn't need a bathyscope. Fantastic. So you've already mentioned some of the liveaboards like Damai that goes there. There are no resorts in Cenderawasih Bay are there? Or are there?
[0:24:03.4] TR: I think there is. I haven't stayed in any there. I've stayed in Biak at the Papua right near the airport, which is a nice place and you can do diving in the Biak area out of that and also there's a couple of small dive operations out of Manokwari. But as far as going down the coast, no, it's not that developed until you get all the way down. There's one small resort down south past the marine park in that area and yeah. But for the most part, no. It's pretty much no man's land down there, you're absolutely right.
[0:24:44.5] CM: Okay. So the liveaboards, that would be Damai, Seahorse goes there as well right?
[0:24:50.9] CM: I can't remember the other ones, there's definitely three or four more. Maybe Arenui goes there as well. Oh and Tambora, don't they go there as well?
[0:25:01.3] TR: It's been there before, yeah.
[0:25:02.5] CM: Okay. Okay cool. So in terms of where people would have…
[0:25:07.7] TR: I think what the problem is what I was mentioning a little on our talk about the early days of Raja Ampat, it's still not that well developed for anything outside of what's normally been going on there for quite a while. So getting provisions is a little bit tough. I think that's why some of the ships don't go over there and so that's kind of good in a way because it's really not that crowded. Usually you take off on a week or 10 days around Cenderawasih Bay, it's unusual to run into another liveaboard, so you kind of have the whole place to yourself.
[0:25:45.1] CM: Yup. Where would you place Cenderawasih bay in terms of someone's experience of diving? Would you say it's a good place if you're not that experienced or should you wait till you're in other places, should you maybe go to someone like Raja Ampat first? Do you think there's a certain particular pecking order?
[0:26:06.0] TR: That's a good question, it doesn't seem to — the bay itself doesn't seem to have as strong currents and some of the Raja Ampat reefs. Most of them are fairly manageable so I would say even — I usually recommend for anybody who is doing the liveaboard, I'd say have a hundred dives under your belt and be at least an advanced diver. That's kind of as a rule of thumb, but if you weren't totally that experienced, I think you could probably manage most of the Cenderawasih Bay dives without too much problem. Yeah.
[0:26:41.4] CM: Right, okay, that's good. In terms of actually getting there, that's not easy.
[0:26:52.8] TR: Well you know it's not as daunting as it used to be. Garuda has got a quite a few direct flights into Biak now. You can also fly I believe Sarong over to Manokwari and there are a few flights out of Makassar now directly over to Manokwari so depending on where your ship is going out of, Biak being about the simplest one to get to, it's maybe two and a half hour kind of — they all seem to be red eye flights.
You get in at 5:30 or six in the morning so you're flying out to Makassar about two or three in the morning. Like I said, the hotel is right across from the airport. You can go over there and take a nap till noon and you still have a half a day to run around and explore or if you're one of these people who goes right from the airport to the liveaboard, you're all set for that because you're there first thing in the morning.
[0:27:48.6] CM: Yes, that's right.
[0:27:50.2] TR: Me, I'm always up with the crack of noon so I usually get there a day before.
[0:27:58.5] CM: Yeah, if you were coming, obviously we live in the area and it still feels like long haul to get there for us. If you're coming from the states, you probably want to build in like about three days either way to get to and from home?
[0:28:10.4] TR: I would say so, yeah. Then just to give yourself a break, you might want to — there's a couple of hotels in Biak that are on the ocean that aren't bad and you know you can catch up on your jet lag and spend a little time by the pool or sitting by the beach and do yourself a favor before you have to start diving. Nothing worse than being bone tired and diving. So yeah, give yourself three days either way.
[0:28:34.6] CM: Awesome. All right Tim. Thanks very much for telling us about diving Cenderawasih Bay and look forward to speaking to you again soon.
[0:28:41.9] TR: Yes, my pleasure and keep up the good work with the Dive Happy stuff.
[0:28:46.2] CM: Thanks Mate, take care.
[END OF INTERVIEW]
[00:28:48.7] CM: Thanks for listening to the Dive Happy Podcast. For show notes about this episode including maps of where we're talking about, travel tips, links to the liveaboards, resorts, books etcetera that we mentioned, and other good stuff, please visit divehappy.com/podcast.
If you want to get in touch, send me an e-mail, chris@divehappy.com. If you want to know when the podcast comes out, you can sign up to the Dive Happy mailing list on the website or follow on Twitter @divehappy. Until next time, dive safe, and dive happy. Cheers.
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My Recent Dive Trips
December 2019: Raja Ampat, Indonesia
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April 2019: Tulamben, Bali
December 2018: Sogod Bay, Philippines
December 2018: Anilao, Philippines
October 2018: Moalboal, Philippines
July 2018: Tulamben, Bali
May 2018: Raja Ampat, Indonesia
April 2018: Sogod Bay, Philippines
May 2017: Apo Island and Dumaguete, Philippines
April 2017: Tubbataha Reef, Philippines
March 2017: Triton Bay, Indonesia
March 2017: Raja Ampat, Indonesia
September 2016: Tulamben, Bali at Alba Dive Resort
August 2016: Cenderawasih Bay on Damai 1
April 2016: Sogod Bay at Sogod Bay Scuba Resort
February 2016: Raja Ampat and Banda Islands on Damai 1
April 2015: Anilao at Crystal Dive Resort
March 2015: Myanmar and Similan Islands on Thailand Aggressor
May 2013: Similan Islands on Thailand Aggressor
April 2013: Tubbataha Reef on Discovery Palawan
January 2013: Komodo, Indonesia on MSY Damai
My Less Recent Dive Trips
August 2012: Cenderawasih Bay, Indonesia
April 2012: Similan Islands and Southern Thailand liveaboard
January 2012: Similan Islands liveaboard, Thailand
August 2011: Hanifaru, Maldives
June 2011: Tubbataha Liveaboard Hans Christian Andersen
April 2011: Carpe Vita Liveaboard, Maldives
March 2011: Lembeh Strait, Indonesia
December 2010: Menjangan, Bali
July 2010: Tofo, Mozambique
July 2010: Sardine Run, South Africa
May 2010: Sangalaki / Derawan, Tambora
March 2010: MV Flying Seahorse, Similan Islands
March 2010: MV Orion, Southern Maldives
January 2010: Big Blue Explorer, Palau
November 2009: MSY Damai, Banda Sea Liveaboard, Indonesia
October 2009: MSY Damai, Komodo Liveaboard, Indonesia
October 2009: MV Orion, Maldives Liveaboard
September 2009: MV Scubanet, Koh Losin, Thailand
May 2009: MSY Seahorse, Banda Sea liveaboard, Indonesia
March 2009: Sachika Liveaboard, Maldives
February 2009: Daytrips, Koh Lanta, Thailand
January 2009: MV Jazz, Burma (Myanmar) Liveaboard
Back In The Day Bragging Rights Dive Trips
November 2008: Borneo Explorer, Visayas Liveaboard
September 2008: S/Y Siren, Komodo Liveaboard
August 2008: Ocean Rover, Sulawesi Liveaboard
August 2008: NAD Lembeh Resort, Indonesia
June 2008: Koh Tao
March 2008: Maldives, Bandos Island
February 2008: MSY Seahorse, Raja Ampat Liveaboard
January 2008: MV Jazz, Burma Liveaboard
October 2007: Bali Dive Safari
September 2007: Davao, Philippines
July 2007: Great White Sharks, Rodney Fox Liveaboard
June 2007: Big Blue, Palau Liveaboard
May 2007: Whale Sharks at Exmouth, Australia
April 2007: Borneo Explorer, Tubbataha Reef Liveaboard
December 2006: Komodo Dancer, Komodo Liveaboard
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text:
Q: Extracting URL from HTML in python I am trying to obtain a list containing different url that appear (partially) when you see the HTML version of this webpage:
https://www.renfe.com/es/es/cercanias/cercanias-valencia/lineas
I have tried a couple of different things, yet they don't really work.
First attempt
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
import requests
import html
import urllib
import json
import re

url = 'https://www.renfe.com/es/es/cercanias/cercanias-valencia/lineas'
page = requests.get(url)
soup = BeautifulSoup(page.content, 'html.parser')
links = soup.find_all('div', class_ = "rftabdetailline accordion aem-GridColumn aem-GridColumn--default--12")

links contains the following:
 [<div class="rftabdetailline accordion aem-GridColumn aem-GridColumn--default--12">
 <!-- rf-tab-detail-line en resto de modos -->
 <rf-tab-detail-line content='[{"color":"120,180,225","name":"C1","active":"true","stations":"València Nord \u2013 Gandía","url":"/content/renfe/es/es/cercanias/cercanias-valencia/lineas/jcr:content/root/responsivegrid/rftabdetailline/item_1.html"},{"color":"245,150,40","name":"C2","active":"false","stations":"València Nord \u2013 Xàtiva \u2013 Moixent","url":"/content/renfe/es/es/cercanias/cercanias-valencia/lineas/jcr:content/root/responsivegrid/rftabdetailline/item_1591014181985.html"},{"color":"125,37,130","name":"C3","active":"false","stations":"València Sant Isidre \u2013 Buñol \u2013 Utiel","url":"/content/renfe/es/es/cercanias/cercanias-valencia/lineas/jcr:content/root/responsivegrid/rftabdetailline/item_1591014184209.html"},{"color":"215,0,30","name":"C4","active":"false","stations":"València Sant Isidre \u2013 Xirivella L\u2019Alter","url":"/content/renfe/es/es/cercanias/cercanias-valencia/lineas/jcr:content/root/responsivegrid/rftabdetailline/item_1591014185974.html"},{"color":"0,139,41","name":"C5","active":"false","stations":"València Nord \u2013 Caudiel","url":"/content/renfe/es/es/cercanias/cercanias-valencia/lineas/jcr:content/root/responsivegrid/rftabdetailline/item_1591014187588.html"},{"color":"15,50,135","name":"C6","active":"false","stations":"València Nord \u2013 Castelló","url":"/content/renfe/es/es/cercanias/cercanias-valencia/lineas/jcr:content/root/responsivegrid/rftabdetailline/item_1591014189921.html"},{"color":"150,100,40","name":"ER02","active":"false","stations":"Castelló - Vinaròs","url":"/content/renfe/es/es/cercanias/cercanias-valencia/lineas/jcr:content/root/responsivegrid/rftabdetailline/item_1598612779629.html"}]' title-text="Seleccione una línea:">
 </rf-tab-detail-line>
 </div>]

In it, you can see the pieces that I want: for example, * "url":"/content/renfe/es/es/cercanias/cercanias-valencia/lineas/jcr:content/root/responsivegrid/rftabdetailline/item_1.html" *. I would like to obtain all the different /content/renfe/es/es/cercanias/cercanias-valencia/lineas/jcr:content/root/responsivegrid/rftabdetailline/item_WHATEVER.html in a list. In order to do so, I have tried an extract and using regular expressions, but I have not been succesful.
Second Attempt
Following the steps that are shown in the answer to this question
Extractinf info form HTML that has no tags
I obtained the next piece of code:
import requests
import html
import json

url = 'https://www.renfe.com/content/renfe/es/es/cercanias/cercanias-valencia/lineas'
response = requests.get(url)
data = response.text  # get data from site
raw_list = data.split("'")[8]  # extract attributes
json_list = html.unescape(raw_list)  # decode html symbols
parsed_list = json.loads(json_list)  # parse json

I thought that it would work because of the similarities in the output it produces, but when defining parsed_list the next error is returned:

*

*JSONDecodeError: Expecting value: line 1 column 1 (char 0)*

Does anyone have anythoughts?
Thank you all in advance!!!

A: I would instead use a css attribute = value selector to target the single element housing that data as it is more intuitive upon reading. Then you simply need to extract the content attribute and handle with json library filtering for the url key value pairs.
import json
import requests
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup

url = 'https://www.renfe.com/es/es/cercanias/cercanias-valencia/lineas'
page = requests.get(url)
soup = BeautifulSoup(page.content, 'html.parser')
data = json.loads(soup.select_one('[title-text="Seleccione una línea:"]')['content'])
links = [i['url'] for i in data]


President Muhammadu Buhari on December 28, 2018, assured Nigerians that his administration under the All Progressives Congress (APC) would reinforce the progress made in its three-point agenda of improved economy, enhanced security and the anti-corruption crusade if re-elected in 2019.
The president stated this at the South-South presidential rally held at Godswill Akpabio International Stadium, Uyo, Akwa Ibom State, in front of supporters drawn from South-South states.
Buhari said his administration had made significant impact on the fight against Boko Haram, noting that the terrorist group that once controlled 17 local government areas in Borno and Yobe states no longer had any area under its control.
He stated that his administration was making progress in food security through the encouragement of farmers to grow food for self-sufficiency, stating that he had ensured the sustainability of democracy by ensuring the rule of law in all his dealings, especially in the fight against corruption.
The president also maintained that his administration's effective implementation of the Single Treasury Account had ensured sanity and accountability in the management of funds accruing to government purse.
He also said: "Our population is over 60 per cent of young people who are below 30 years of age and we are determined to create jobs through agriculture to ensure food security. Already, we are encouraging the farmers with grants and other incentives and have stopped the importation of rice.
Though, many may agree on paper with the president on efforts to boost the economy, yet empirically, it is on autopilot. For instance, less than two years in government, Buhari crashed the nation's economy, forcing it into recession, which it is yet to fully recover.
In October 8, 2018, the International Monetory Fund (IMF) cut the growth projections made for Nigeria to 1.9 percent from 2.1 percent, saying the country's economy is doing poorly.
Gian Maria Milesi-Ferretti, the deputy director at IMF's Research Department disclosed this, while addressing journalists at the annual meetings of the International Monetary Fund and World Bank Group in Bali, Indonesia.
He said that the aggregate growth rate of Africa was being held down by Nigeria and two other big economies (South Africa and Angola).
It would be recalled that the World Bank recently cut its growth projections for Nigeria by 0.2% citing reduction in oil production levels, and contraction in the agricultural sector, following the herder-farmer crisis.
In fact, how would the nation's economy grow when the administration's first Finance Minister, Mrs. Kemi Adeosun, was involved in NYSC certificate irregularity, which forced her out of office. Only God knows the kind of economic and monetory advice she was giving the president.
Besides, I am yet to be convinced on how one would be doing something the same way and expect a different result. Our President, Muhammadu Buhari, has refused to change his cabinet even when most of them are not performing. How then shall we anticipate improved economy when he gets the second tenure in office?
On fighting insecurity, which he scored his administration very high; it is on record that the situation is getting worse by day.
On the day the president was kick-starting his re-election bid in Uyo, Akwa Ibom State, the Boko Haram, which he claimed had been flushed out of the North East Nigeria, struck, and killed many soldiers and civilians.
While, the president was making security a campaign issue, a faction of Boko Haram, Islamic State in West Africa (ISWA), which split from the insurgency in 2016, claimed responsibility for an attack on a military base in Baga, a town in eastern Borno State.
The fight to control Baga - a strategic town as it borders Nigeria, Niger, Chad and Cameroon – has forced hundreds to seek safety in Maiduguri, some 200km (124 miles) to the south, yet the president wants me to believe him.
A resident of Baga, Abdul Kami, after the attack by Boko Haram in December, told journalists: "In Baga, we are in Boko Haram hands because yesterday they were going around with their machine [guns] and motor [vehicles]."
The military and insurgents also clashed in Monguno, a town in the adjacent local government authority to Baga.
But Islamic State, in a statement issued through its news agency, Amaq, said its fighters "killed and injured dozens, took four apostates as captives, burned many barracks, and seized weapons and ammunition".
Also, the attack on an army base in Metele, Borno State in which about 100 soldiers were killed, was another pointer that the security situation is not getting better as Buhari would want the world to beleive.
While, the crisis in the North East Nigeria rages, the Zamfara State government is appealing to President Muhammadu Buhari to takeover the state because of the armed bandits, who have virtually taken over the rural areas.
The insecurity in the state recently forced the Emir of Maradun, Alhaji Garba Tambari Maradun, to condemn the attitude of security operators in the state, which, according to him, has led to the prolonged killings of innocent citizens by the bandits.
The emir made the pronouncement during the mass burial of 20 people of Magami village of Maradun council, who were attacked and killed by the bandits along with the All Progressives Congress (APC) chieftain in the area, Alhaji Aliyu Abbas, recently.
The Emir of Maradun told the Deputy Governor Alhaji Sanusi Garbage Rikiji and the security chiefs, who attended the burial of the deceased persons that the performance of security agents in fighting bandits was questionable.
On the war against corruption; it has become a political tool against the opposition. One wonders why Babachir Lawal, the former secretary to the Federal Government; the former Finance Minister, Mrs. Kemi Adeosun; and other indicted members of the ruling parties were not prosecuted. The president says he respects the rule of law yet the Shiite leader in Nigeria and his wife are still being detained by him despite court orders to the contrary.
It is now left for Nigerians to make a right choice of leadership devoid of sentiment, while the nation's roads are in bad state; no electricity to drive the economy, as exchange rate is on the rise.
The acclaimed growth in agriculture is still a hoax; as prices of commodities hit the rooftop during the Christmas and the New Year.