The mainstream image of "fitness" is doing exercises you hate and eating food that tastes like crap to impress people you probably don't even like. This line of thinking leaves people disappointed, jaded, and injured.
You shouldn't have to choose between optimizing performance (now) and your health (later).
Fitness should be about health first, function second, and all the other stuff third. Or not at all.
So where do we fit in all this?
Hopefully, as a voice of reason in the midst of chaos.
A balanced, well-researched, and experienced voice of reason — aimed at helping you overcome obstacles, prevent pain and injuries, and achieve your potential.
We're here to bridge the gap between fitness and longevity.
Athletic trainers have always impressed me.
It's a really interesting job if you think about it.
They are there to help athletes work through injuries and get back on the playing field.
But at the same time, they're responsible for long term health outcomes.
An eager coach might rush an injured athlete through a recovery process to get him back on the field. But a good trainer looks out for the athlete. That's their main priority — not just winning.
And unlike most doctors who tell you to stop doing anything that hurts, a trainer will push you.
They're not content with you sitting on the sidelines.
It's a really interesting dichotomy. A balancing act.
Focused on performance and "winning," but also on longevity. Looking at the big picture.
I saw this first-hand during my high school and college baseball career. I probably spent as much time in the training room as I did on the field.
I sat in ice baths. Was hooked up to EMS (Electrical Muscle Stimulation) machines. And went through the painful PNF stretching process to get my mobility back after shoulder surgery.
This is the role I want SaltWrap to play.
We aren't just focused on performance and helping you look good naked. Those things are nice and all, but I'm more interested in what you'll be able to accomplish next year. Or in 10 years. Or what your joint health and overall function looks like in 20 years.
Fitness should be about health first, function second, and all the other stuff third (or not at all).
There's far too much short-sighted thinking going on.
And far too many short-sighted products that may help you today, but screw you over tomorrow.
Instead, we look at the big picture. The whole picture.
This is the core of our mission.
We want to be your most trusted adviser for healing injuries, staying healthy, improving performance, and getting the most out of your body and mind — not just today, but for the long haul.
It's this therapeutic lens that guides our every move.
That's the "why" of our philosophy.
The "how" is evidence-based, therapeutic sports nutrition products.
And like all things good, the term "evidence-based" has been twisted into a phony marketing buzzword.
Here's what evidence-based actually means.
And why so few companies follow through with this important principle.
"Evidence based" has become just another marketing term.
Companies who've been caught selling expensive sugar powders disguised as protein supplements are now claiming to use "clinically-supported" doses in their products.
They're smart enough to realize it's becoming more difficult to rip people off.
But not smart (or ethical) enough to assemble products with supported doses that ALSO make sense.
Honestly, I don't look for mistakes like this when reviewing products on the market. But I can't NOT see stuff like this. I wish I could say that finding mistakes like these on supplement labels is rare. But it isn't. And, it's becoming more common as opportunistic marketers and Instagram stars jump on the supplement bandwagon. OK - So I'm a stickler and a nerd... You'll probably even find some typos in this article if you look hard enough. But not on our labels. Seriously --- If a company isn't taking the time to proofread the word "Calories" on Supplement Facts labels.. how much care goes into formulating, auditing, and testing the products?
Throwing ingredients into a blend because a study referenced that dosage isn't just lazy, it's negligent.
To give you an example — go home tonight and take a full, clinically-supported dose of GABA (Gamma Amino Butyric Acid) at 6,000 mg right before bed. You're going to fall asleep peacefully, meet a dragon in your dreams, and wake up feeling like you're on a plane back from Vegas after a three night bender.
Do that for a week straight and you'll start looking like the Walking Dead.
All from following a "clinically-supported" dose.
Studies often use doses far beyond what is practical. And depending on how the study is organized, it may not even be safe to take that dose for an extended period of time.
Not to mention potential interactions that could pop up when the ingredient is combined with other compounds.
Plus, research studies are only 100% reliable under the same conditions used in the experiment. Without the exact same context, you can't be sure that the results are repeatable.
Let's look at one our favorite herbs: Ashwagandha. Rich in traditional use history and well-researched for energy, stress, sexual health, and overall well-being.
The "clinically-effective" dose ranges from 100 to 600 mg. Doses within this range have been studied for safety and efficacy.
Our product Adaptogen Greens contains a full 600 mg of KSM66® Ashwagandha.
At that high of a dosage, you can reasonably expect to get the same benefits proven in studies: better performance/energy, improved stress response, improved cognitive function. Because Adaptogen Greens is designed to release the full power of adaptogens, we used the highest dose on the clinically-effective (and proven to be safe) spectrum.
But in other products, using this same upper-tier clinically-effective dose might not make sense.
"Why not use the full 600 mg?" you might ask.
Because Mag R&R also contains other ingredients, like 5-HTP, with sedative properties that could enhance the sedative effects of Ashwagandha. In this case, it comes down to testing and clinical observation. What dose works the best for clients taking other herbs in combination.
In Mag R&R, 600 mg of Ashwagandha would be overkill.
This kind of in-depth analysis, critical thinking, and testing is lacking in the supplement space.
Though our formulas are always grounded in proven ingredients (both in form, dosage and context), we use what I call the Triad of Proof.
Ingredients that fall under all three of these categories are certifiably 'legit' — to use a technical term.
I was first introduced to this concept of multi-faceted evidence by Dr. John Berardi, founder of Precision Nutrition. He's one of the few highly educated fitness thought leaders that practices what he preaches. This is what walking the walk looks like.
only using stuff that is proven by research.
(This is how most people mistakenly use the term).
The intersection of clinical expertise (based on anecdotal evidence and the clinical best practices generated from it), patient preferences, and the best available scientific evidence (published, peer-reviewed research).
This ideology doesn't leave any room for observing what is working in the real world, for real people, and adjusting accordingly.
Evidence-based means combining peer-reviewed research with clinical expertise (actually WORKING with clients) and what is practical and useful for the patient.
The inconvenient truth for marketing opportunists is that there is no such thing as "Evidence Based" without real-world experience. Sorry guys.
Nothing is more important than proving an ingredient is safe. This goes beyond merely using ingredients that are "Generally Recognized as Safe" (GRAS) by the FDA. There needs to be peer-reviewed studies concluding that the ingredient is safe for regular use, and in combination with the other ingredients in the blend. Further, the studies used to support any claims of safety and efficacy should be performed on the same compound, application method, and dosage.
For example, just because studies show that injecting hyaluronic acid improves joint pain doesn't mean that eating the stuff will work. Or that it's safe. In the case of hyaluronic acid, it happens to be both safe and effective as an injectable and an oral supplement for knee osteoarthritis.
And, for a protocol to be deemed effective, there needs to be more than one study showing a positive result. It should be a repeatable outcome.
We use this research-backed approach as the foundation for all our formulas.
Our products are grounded in legitimate, peer-reviewed studies.
Some companies have stepped up their game on this front, using higher doses of ingredients that more closely approximate what has been proven to be effective in studies.
But that's not enough. In fact, it's negligent when applied blindly. More on that in a second.
Not only is this process hard work — poring through dense scientific literature — it's expensive. And, the clinically-supported dose is often too large to fit into 3 or 4 average sized ("00") capsules.
This makes the formulation process challenging, and for many business models, it's not feasible because it cuts too far into their profits.
Our challenge — and what I believe we're good at it — is finding ingredients that we can use at clinically-supported levels, which are also cost effective for the end consumer, and potent enough to fit into a practical serving size and medium.
This is where the use of Minimal Effective Dosing (MED) comes in.
MED is a core concept of pharmacology, made popular by Tim Ferriss's 4 Hour Body.
In medicine, using the MED is not just necessary for preventing waste — because taking more of something doesn't always lead to more benefits — it's a safety measure.
It improves health outcomes and decreases chances of negative side effects.
Our formulas are grounded in science and assembled as efficiently as possible to produce effects without waste, and without side effects.
For over 2,000 years people have been using the adaptogenic herb Ashwagandha to increase energy, reduce stress, and improve overall health.
Long before dozens of clinical studies confirmed its therapeutic power as a healing herb, practitioners of the traditional Hindu system of medicine, Ayurveda, revered Ashwagandha as the most powerful and scared herb.
The absolute apex of natural healing herbs.
Which means a holistic treatment for reducing emotional tension and relieving physical discomfort.
Now, imagine if we would have waited until the 20th century to start using this powerful herb?
I'm not advocating consuming unproven, untested compounds.
The point is that there is wisdom in these old stories. In these types of traditions.
And while it should not be the stand-alone backing for any supplement, it deserves some serious respect.
Glandular supplements like grass-fed beef liver are another good example. While peer-reviewed research is lacking, both in quantity and in specificity of dosage, we've been consuming organ meats since cavemen were building fires. Our ancestors understood that organ meats provided superior nutrition value (and medicinal value) over every food source at their disposal.
We now know that organ meats are rich sources of B-vitamins, minerals, and other beneficial nutrients like CoQ10.
Without appreciating and understanding traditional use history, we'd miss out nature's most potent superfood.
So -- when an ingredient or protocol has solid traditional use history, is proven to be safe and effective by peer-reviewed studies, AND has demonstrated effectiveness in a clinical setting (real world experience) — THEN it passes our litmus test.
That brings me to the third component of our Triad of Proof.
The clinical experience component is what has been observed in real life.
For us, this means we've seen positive outcomes with our clients. And usually tested it ourselves.
Here's why that's so important: many research findings don't translate into the real world.
Scientific studies are limited to the context and constraints of the study.
It's not uncommon for a nutrient to show "statistically significant" outcomes in a study but do absolutely nothing when people consume the nutrient in the real world.
The opposite is true as well. When we find anecdotal evidence of something working (meaning it worked for an individual), we pay close attention.
We discussed this concept in our injury guide. Just because a study demonstrated some outcome doesn't mean that outcome can be broadly applied to all scenarios. Read this story about NSAIDs and muscle recovery for a prime example.
Before anything is proven in a scientific study or assembled into a massive pile of data, it presents itself as small bursts of anecdotes.
Jeff Bezos, founder of Amazon.com, uses the same line of thinking to make decisions about how the company operates.
"I've noticed when the anecdotes and the metrics disagree, the anecdotes are usually right," he explained. "That's why it's so important to check that data with your intuition and instincts."
Anecdotal evidence is the tip of the spear when it comes to evidence-based practices.
And nothing beats real-world experience.
What's working in the field. With real clients, right in front of us.
Especially when scientific literature and traditional use history are in alignment.
A grounding in legitimate peer-reviewed research, but ALSO proof of efficacy in the real world.
Research, traditional use, and real-world clinical experience....When an ingredient or protocol passes all three of these conditions, it has our seal of approval.
Everything we do is supported by these three concepts: peer-reviewed research, traditional use, and clinical experience.
There is no substitute for the hard, time-consuming work of Research & Development.
And, it takes both critical thinking, intuition, and being responsive to client needs in order to help people succeed in this field.
Tossing ingredients into a formula because one study showed a positive effect isn't just lazy. It's negligent. We thoroughly vet everything we put together. Long before it's available to the public.
1. Healthy Recovery — all of our sports nutrition products have a therapeutic component, meaning they help you recover, overcome deficiencies, and correct imbalances.
2. Sports Performance — we focus on helping athletes perform better, and fitness enthusiasts reach their potential. Though most of our clients are non-athletes, this is the lens we look through when developing products.
3. Longevity of Outcomes — our products are long-term focused; designed to help you move sustainably toward a state of peak health. No quick fixes here.
[See: See Supplement-Related Calls to Poison Control Centers on the Rise.] >> not surprising... more 'marketers' with no experience are formulating supplements than ever before.
3. Practical Application — practicality is the most underrated aspect of health behavior improvement. We work to seamlessly integrate our products and solutions into our clients' daily routines. This is the reason we decided to make Joint & Muscle Creamer. What better way to get people to take three joint supplements each morning than to put it in their coffee?
We stand behind the quality of our products, and the processes we've put in place to create safe, effective therapeutic sports nutrition supplements.
And we back it up with an unparalleled "Love-It-Or-Free" Guarantee.
To view our newest and most popular products, visit our Featured Products page in the SaltWrap store.
I created SaltWrap to bring together the most practical ideas in sports nutrition therapy, injury recovery and functional fitness — with the goal of keeping you (and myself) strong, mobile, and built to last.
I've worked as an A.C.E. (American Council on Exercise) Certified Personal Trainer, Lifestyle & Weight Management Coach (A.C.E.), and nutritional supplement formulator.
But more importantly — I've spent most of my life battling injuries, joint pain, and just being plain beat up. So I know what it's like to struggle toward fitness goals.
SaltWrap is here to push you through injuries, setbacks and perceived physical limitations. To a place beyond what you think you're capable of.
Sign up here to stay in the loop.
Thanks for stopping by! I hope you enjoyed this article. Let me know what you think in the comments below. Questions, opinions, and feedback are most welcome. I'm always interested in hearing what you all have to say.
Our mission is to bridge the gap between fitness and longevity. With smart, sustainable training principles and therapeutic sports nutrition — we'll help you prevent injuries, overcome performance barriers, and stay healthy for life.


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Under-Secretary-General for Humanitarian Affairs and Emergency Relief Coordinator, Stephen O'Brien statement on Iraq, 2 June 2016 [EN/AR/KU]
Download document (PDF | 177.52 KB | English version)
Download document (PDF | 192.61 KB | Arabic version)
Download document (PDF | 392.3 KB | Kurdish)
I am deeply concerned by the plight of civilians trapped in the besieged Iraqi city of Fallujah, where a major military operation against ISIL is taking place. An estimated 50,000 civilians, including at least 20,000 children, are unable to leave. They face grim conditions, including shortages of food, clean drinking water and medicines.
In the past two weeks close to 5,000 people have managed to leave, hundreds of them enduring risky and harrowing escapes on foot, in soaring temperatures, to reach safety. However, we and our partners continue to hear alarming reports of civilian casualties in Fallujah due to heavy shelling, of several hundred families being used as human shields by ISIL, and of children at risk of forced recruitment by fighting parties or of being separated from their families.
Civilians must be allowed to freely move to safer areas and all who flee must be granted aid and protection. Those detained for security screening must be treated lawfully and their rights upheld. All parties to this conflict are obliged to abide by international humanitarian and human rights law and do everything possible to protect civilians.
The Government of Iraq and humanitarian partners have set up camps in the Ameriyat al-Falluja district. The authorities are helping to transport families escaping the city and providing information for people wanting to leave. The humanitarian community continues to provide people fleeing the city with water, health care, food, shelter and other emergency assistance.
We and our partners are doing everything we can to scale up our assistance. It is vital that aid workers are guaranteed safe, secure and unhampered access in this fluid and dangerous environment.
Across Iraq, we know that ten million people need some form of humanitarian assistance, and a further three million are thought to be living in areas under ISIL control. As the Muslim world prepares to mark the holy month of Ramadan, we must show the children, women and men of Iraq that the world is committed to helping them at their most desperate time.
New York, 2 June 2016
For further information, please call:
Amanda Pitt, OCHA New York, pitta@un.org, Tel + 1 212 963 4129, Cell +1 917 442 1810 OCHA press releases are available at www.unocha.org or www.reliefweb.int
Iraq: Sinjar Area-based Assessment - Profile, December 2021
Research Terms of Reference Jalawla Area-Based Assessment (ABA) IRQ2101 Iraq (December 2021, Version 1)
Iraq + 2 more
Iraq ‑ Complex Emergency Fact Sheet #1, Fiscal Year (FY) 2022
Iraq: Humanitarian Response Overview Dashboard for January to November 2021

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Cotton-top Samuel L. Jackson administers more than a little pain to his former Jedi apprentice Hayden Christensen in "Jumper" – an implausible sci-fi flick where individuals called Jumpers can transport themselves anywhere in the world just by envisioning where they'd like to travel.
Christensen stars as Jumper David Rice, who uses his powers to pop into bank vaults after hours and help himself to a plenitude of cash. Rice takes his spoils and moves into a Manhattan apartment that's littered with postcards of places where he likes to jump, when he's not robbing banks.
Enter Roland (Samuel L. Jackson), a white-hair killer and avenging angel called a Paladin, whose race has been slaying Jumpers for centuries. So naturally Roland pursues Rice throughout the film with a wicked tazergun, because Paladins see Jumpers as an abomination before God.
A detriment to this film's premise is the filmmakers offer no explanation whatsoever as to why Rice has the power to travel to the Sphinx in the blink of an eye, or survey London from the clock-face of Big Ben. Rice just one day discovers he has supernatural powers. Rice is so callous with his powers, that it's hard for the audience identify with him. In fact, it's easier to root for villain Samuel L. Jackson. Laden with a lot of ultra-cool special effects, one still can't help but wonder at the end where's the beef in this hyper-action flick.


I want to teach girls that our voices matter.
Soccer icon Brandi Chastain has always focused on raising the bar in the sport of soccer. A 16-year member of the U.S. Women's National team with 192 caps, she is a two-time FIFA Women's World Cup champion and a two-time Olympic Gold Medalist. Her string of championship performances began in her teens when she helped lead her Archbishop Mitty High School team to three consecutive state championships. That followed with being named Freshman Play of the Year at the University of California-Berkeley before undergoing successful reconstructive surgery on both knees. After missing two seasons of soccer, she transferred to Santa Clara University and returned to championship form, leading her team to two Final Four NCAA appearances and being named ISAA Player of the Year in 1990. Known for the penalty kick in the 1999 Women's World Cup that redefined the U.S. Women's soccer movement, Chastain is also an active advocate for Title IX, gender equality in sport and empowering young girls to find their voices through soccer. Now the Executive Director of the California Thorns FC, she is focused on developing our country's future soccer stars, as well as inspiring young women to tackle any obstacle or opportunity presented to them. Off the playing field, Chastain's leadership and determination can be seen in the number of initiatives and causes that she actively supports. In 2005, she co-founded the Bay Area Women's Sports Initiative (BAWSI), a nonprofit that engages female athletes in service in the communities that need the most support. She is an advocate for the Crohn's, Colitis and IBD community, and has partnered with AbbVie to support families through the My IBD Game Plan initiative. She helped launch Safer Soccer in 2015 to promote the ban of heading a ball by kids under the age of 11, and has pledged to donate her brain for CTE research. Chastain is also a public speaker, sports commentator, and author of the book - It's Not About the Bra: How to Play Hard, Play Fair and Put the Fun Back into Competitive Sports.


(Sec. 2) This bill amends the Fish and Wildlife Act of 1956 to reauthorize through FY2022: (1) the volunteer services, community partnerships, and refuge education programs of the National Wildlife Refuge System; and (2) provisions authorizing the Department of the Interior to accept and use gifts, devises, or bequests of real and personal property for the benefit of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service in the performance of its activities and services.
This Act may be cited as the "Keep America's Refuges Operational Act".
SEC. 2. Reauthorization of National Wildlife Refuge System volunteer services, community partnership, and refuge education programs.
Section 7 of the Fish and Wildlife Act of 1956 (16 U.S.C. 742f) is amended in subsection (g), by striking "2011 through 2014" and inserting "2018 through 2022".


Discussion in 'Technique [BG]' started by Fake Trees, Feb 22, 2003.
Hey i just noticed (playing What should and what should never be by Led Zeppelin) that i play a little bit too staccatto at times, any tips on playing a little more legato?
My suggestions would be based on the fact that when I was a beginner I had the same problem. I'd say look carefully at both the left hand and the right hand to see if your technique in one hand or the other is causing your sound to be staccato. This is good anyway because there will be times when you WANT to play in a staccato manner and need to know how to do it deliberately.
Left Hand: Hold your finger down longer as you approach the next note. Try not to abruptly lift the finger of the note you just played as that cuts short the sounding of the note. It does take some finger strength to hold down one note while you use another finger to play the next note. But the idea is to let the one note ring and even blend into the next one. That creates a more flowing, legato sound. When one is playing fast, it is easy to slip into the habit of letting up on a note too fast in one's haste to get to the next note.
Right Hand: Check your plucking technique. Are your fingers kind of rolling over the strings or are you doing more of a clawing or catching of the plucked string? I had that problem big time when I started out. My fingers almost got caught under the string.
Each time you pluck that way, it acts almost as a quick mute. To avoid that play in a "rest stroke" fashion in which your finger rolls smoothly over the plucked string then rests briefly and softly on the string just above it. Example, after plucking the A-string, bring your finger softly and briefly to rest on the E- string. I wish I could show you, because it is hard to describe in writing.
Try both these suggestions to see if your sound becomes less staccato.
Thanx for the reply, btw, i already do that with my right hand, i also just went to a music store and tried the same base line on a good base where the action isnt one inch and it came out almost perfect. thanx for the tips on left hand technique tho.
The former reply pretty much puts it together... as you mention your 'plucking' technique is more on the 'pad' of the finger.
Might also suggest, especially for that Zep tune, pluck the string closer to neck, where the string is a bit more 'flabby' - as opposed to back at the bridge and / or over the pick-up/s.
BTW: lot's of great basslines on that particular album!


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A $15 million anonymous bequest, the third largest in University of Tennessee at Chattanooga history, will be used to create a Fund for Excellence to support facilities, research, equipment and scholarship, according to a news release.
"This extremely generous donation will have transformational impact on the university and our ability to provide an excellent, high-quality educational experience for our nearly 12,000 students," UTC Chancellor Steven Angle said.
The American Inns of Court honored T. Maxfield Bahner, senior counsel at Chattanooga law firm Chambliss, Bahner & Stophel, P.C., at the Celebration of Excellence in the nation's capital on Oct. 20. Mr. Bahner received the 2018 American Inns of Court Professionalism Award for the Sixth Circuit.
Mr. Bahner is a life trustee of the University of Chattanooga Foundation, Inc. The Foundation's other life trustees are local philanthropists Joe Decosimo, John Guerry and Jim Kennedy, Jr.
The American Inns of Court selects honorees whose "life and practice display sterling character and unquestioned integrity alongside ongoing dedication to the highest standards of the legal profession and rule of law."
When Tessa Ross left her home in Erin, Tenn. bound for a college education in Chattanooga, she had no idea of the adventure on which she was about to embark.
This daughter of a small town restaurateur was immediately enamored with the Scenic City. And, more importantly, she was in love with the educational opportunities that lay ahead of her at UTC.
The largest philanthropic gift in the history of the University of Tennessee at Chattanooga has been made to the University's College of Business by Gary W. Rollins and Kathleen Rollins of Atlanta.
This historic $40 million gift also marks the first college to be named at UTC. The University of Tennessee Board of Trustees, at its annual meeting in Knoxville today, voted unanimously to approve naming the UTC College of Business the Gary W. Rollins College of Business.
Chancellor Steven R. Angle delivers his Annual Report to the UC Foundation board of trustees.
The University of Chattanooga Foundation Grants Committee awarded over 1.8 million dollars in grants for the 2016–2017 academic year. These grants will provide student scholarships, enhance executive partnerships, increase faculty development and provide opportunities to capitalize on strategic initiatives.


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» Cafe€redit » Overview of Vietnam's steel industry 2022
Overview of Vietnam's steel industry 2022
In 2021, despite many difficulties and challenges caused by the COVID-19 epidemic, the steel industry still experienced good growth, increasing by over 16% compared to the previous year.
Vietnam's steel production and consumption
The Vietnam Steel Association (VSA) informed that in January crude steel production reached 1,874,925 tons, up 31.1% over the previous month, and down 4.1% over the same period.
Crude steel consumption reached 1,695,486 tons, down 10.4% over the previous month, and down 13.9% over the same period in 2021. In particular, exports of crude steel were 40,500 tons, down sharply by 84% over the same period in 2021.
For construction steel, in January 2022, the production achieved good results compared to the previous month and the same period in 2021.
Specifically, the production of construction steel in January 2022 reached 1,122,554 tons, up 11.19% compared to December 2021 and equal to the same period in 2021. Sales of steel reached 1,052,270 tons, up 1.55% over the previous month and 27.8% over the same period in 2021.
Factories have adjusted the selling price of finished steel to partially offset the production cost, which leads to an increase in sales volume due to speculation by distributors. The level of competition among factories is increasingly fierce in terms of selling prices and market share.
Meanwhile, hot-rolled coil production in January 2021 reached 499,943 tons, down 13.83% compared to December 2021 and down 10.5% over the same period in 2021. Sales reached 558,218 tons, down 7.78% over the previous month and 16.7% over the same period in 2021. For cold rolled steel, domestic sales of VSA members reached 326,916 tons, down 13.43% compared to the same period in 2021.
Welded steel pipes reached 207,203 tons, down 5.4% from the previous month but on par with the same period of 2021. Sales reached 211,517 tons, down 6.59% from the previous month, but up 15.7% over the same period last year. The export of welded steel pipes reached 21,466 tons, up 3.89% compared to December 2021 but down 17.7% compared to the same period in 2020.
Production of finished steel products reached 2,564 million tons, down 5.5% compared to December 2021 and 8.8% over the same period in 2021. Sales of all kinds of steel reached 2.443 million tons, down 2.24% compared to last month but increased by 8.5% over the same period.
Growth expectations in 2022
Many experts and businesses believe that 2022 will be a promising year when the epidemic is under control and construction demand recovers strongly, which will make steel consumption continue to increase sharply.
According to the Vietnam Steel Association (VSA), the market outlook in the first quarter of 2022 is slowing down due to low domestic demand. Considering the steel consumption market in Vietnam, there have been positive signals from civil works and infrastructure, especially large public investment.
Tran Tuan Duong, Vice Chairman of Vietnam Steel Association, Vice Chairman of Hoa Phat Steel Group, said that due to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic over the past 2 years, Vietnam's GDP has decreased from 1-2% but Vietnam's steel industry still saw positive growth.
The domestic market has slowed down, but steel enterprises have boosted exports and Vietnam has become a net exporter of steel.
According to Mr. Nguyen Thanh Trung, Vice Chairman of the Association, Chairman of Ton Dong A Joint Stock Company, Vietnam's steel industry aims to develop green steel in the future, meeting European standards when this market will impose emission tax on imported products. Vietnam needs to prepare to maintain and increase its export market share.
The prospect of Vietnam's steel market in 2022 is forecasted to be better when the Government issues guidance to stabilize and develop production and business activities to flexibly adapt to the COVID-19 pandemic.
The representative of the Vietnam Steel Association said that Resolution 01/NQ-CP issued on January 9, 2022 with solutions for socio-economic development will be a huge support for the steel industry to develop further in 2022.
Source: vietnamplus, vietnambiz
Compiled by VietnamCredit
Vietnam Steel
the Vietnam Steel Association (VSA)
steel companies
Steel report
Vietnam'S Steel Industry: Struggling Due To Imported Steel
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What Should Businesses Do About The Terrible 465% Tax On Vietnam Steel?
Vietnam Steel Association (VSA) recommends businesses to improve their...


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Q: How can I make Kendo Drop Down List to Case Insensitive I want to set a value to a kendo drop down list irrespective to it's case.
For an example following code is working fine.
$("#color").data("kendoDropDownList").value("Grey");
I need it to work for following code too:
$("#color").data("kendoDropDownList").value("grey");

(function() {
  var data = [{
    text: "Black",
    value: "Black"
  }, {
    text: "Orange",
    value: "Orange"
  }, {
    text: "Grey",
    value: "Grey"
  }];

  // create DropDownList from input HTML element
  $("#color").kendoDropDownList({
    dataTextField: "text",
    dataValueField: "value",
    dataSource: data,
    index: 0
  });

  var color = $("#color").data("kendoDropDownList");
  color.value("Grey");
})();
<link href="https://kendo.cdn.telerik.com/2016.2.504/styles/kendo.common.min.css" rel="stylesheet" />
<link href="https://kendo.cdn.telerik.com/2016.2.504/styles/kendo.default.min.css" rel="stylesheet" />
<link href="https://kendo.cdn.telerik.com/2016.2.504/styles/kendo.all.min.css" rel="stylesheet" />
<script src="https://kendo.cdn.telerik.com/2016.2.504/js/kendo.all.min.js"></script>

<input id="color" value="1" style="width: 100%;" />

Please view the fiddle for better understanding: https://jsfiddle.net/Hd47F/329/

A: Looking at the docs, it makes sense that this is not working as you'd expect. You are trying to set the value, not filter the drop down list. The ignoreCase property only applies to filtering and setting the value requires exact-case from what I can see.
Instead of using value() to set the value, try using search() as below.
$("#color").kendoDropDownList({
    dataTextField: "text",
    dataValueField: "value",
    dataSource: data, // using your same data as above
    index: 0
  });

var color = $("#color").data("kendoDropDownList");
color.search("grey"); // This now works regardless of casing

You can see my example here: http://dojo.telerik.com/ewEyoC

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Faculty Feature Law Professor Pommersheim Earns Recognition for Commitment to Tribal Law
VERMILLION, S.D. – University of South Dakota law professor Frank Pommersheim was recently recognized by the Cheyenne River Sioux Tribe for his commitment to Indian law and service as a tribal judge for over 30 years.
Pommersheim, a graduate of Columbia Law School, was first exposed to Indian law as a VISTA (Volunteers in Service to America) lawyer in rural Alaska.
"I had never been west of the Mississippi River but I was very taken by the cultural element and spirit of generosity," Pommersheim said.
After his program ended, he briefly returned to New York before accepting a position in 1973 at a college, Sinte Gleska University, that was just forming on the Rosebud Indian Reservation.
"I thought I would be there for a short stay, but ended up spending 10 years living in Rosebud," he said. "Sinte had a philosophy at that time of decentralized learning. They didn't have a campus then so you took your classes to the community."
Pommersheim was encouraged to become an active member of the community. He said sports were a leveler.
"I played softball and basketball and went to pow wows and events," he said. "I'm not sure if others would agree, but I would describe myself as fairly shy so to a certain extent, it was good for me."
After 10 years living in Rosebud, including three directing Dakota Plains Legal Services which provides legal aid to Native Americans across South Dakota, Pommersheim was recruited to join the faculty of the USD law school in 1984 primarily to teach Indian law where he started two traditions that have lasted over 30 years – a biennial Indian law symposium, and a field trip to the Rosebud Indian Reservation.
"I think we're the only law school in the country to have hosted an Indian law symposium for 30 years," Pommersheim said. "It's an opportunity for students and the community to hear about the issues. There are very few forums where Indians and non-Indian people can come together."
USD hosted its 15th biennial Indian Law Symposium in March 2018 inviting Patrice Kunesh, a former USD law professor and current director of the Center for Indian Country Development at the Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis, as its keynote speaker.
Pommersheim also stressed the cultural element inherent in the symposium.
"There's an opening prayer by [Native Student Services Director] Gene Thin Elk which hopes to open your heart to listen, to learn, and to show respect to one another," Pommersheim said. "Embedded in what we do is a cultural element."
Another way Pommersheim exposes students to Indian law is through an annual field trip to Rosebud.
"When I started teaching here in 1984, most of my students were from South Dakota. I assumed they knew something about Indian reservations," Pommersheim said. "Two years in, I realized they didn't."
"People just kind of accept the landscape they're in," he said.
The trip includes watching tribal court proceedings, visiting the local jail and meeting with various members of the community including enjoying a meal prepared by the court staff at the end of the trip.
"When I read student evaluations, they say the field trip is the greatest thing about the class. What it does without intentionally trying to do it is dismantle a lot of stereotypes," Pommersheim said.
"Yes, there is a lot of poverty on the reservation. Yes, there is a lot of alcoholism. But there are a lot of people trying to do good too," he said. "You can talk about it in class which is important to do but having students go out there. It's different. It's become an essential part of the class."
Around the time he began to teach at USD, Pommersheim had also begun serving as a tribal judge in Rosebud and then for other tribes as well. Currently, he serves as a justice for the Santee Sioux, Crow Creek, Rosebud and Winnebago tribes. In the past, he has served as a justice for the Saginaw Chippewa, Lower Sioux, Mississippi Band of Tribe and the Grand Portage Chippewa. He has served as the Chief Justice of the Cheyenne River Appellate Court of Appeals for 31 years.
"Somewhat unexpectedly, I found myself sitting on tribal courts and writing a lot of opinions. And that was significant to me for my own professional development. At that time, tribal courts became more popular so it became an area of intense focus for me," Pommersheim said.
He said after 30 years of experience with Indian law, respect is the key starting point to any discussion.
"I use the word respect. It's huge in the Lakota world. The Lakota people have to feel like you respect them," Pommersheim said.
He believes governments need to find more areas to cooperate to solve shared issues.
"I try to impress upon my students that good lawyering is often times finding the zones where you can cooperate and people can get along. That's an important legal skill to have," he said.
Despite the challenges, Pommersheim is hopeful about the future.
"You can't escape history but I think slowly but surely there is more good faith on both sides and more and more people on the tribal and state level know more about Indian law," he said. "Indian law has become more important. We offer more than just a mandatory course. And South Dakota is the only state in the country where Indian law is a mandatory question on the bar exam. To me, that's quite significant."
As for what Pommersheim thinks of his own role in the history of Indian law in South Dakota and his recent commendation by the Cheyenne River Sioux Tribe, he was reticent.
"When I first came to Indian country, I remember going to one of the first graduations and being amazed to witness and experience the generosity of a give away," he said. "I was called forward to receive a star quilt by the family of one of the students. It was an incredibly powerful experience."
"It's not an award. In the Lakota way, you don't give awards. They honor you. I think there's a lot in the honoring that goes unsaid. There's a tribe, a town, a community that appreciates what you've done," Pommersheim said.
"It's hard to put into words, but words aren't really needed. I felt it very deeply."


text:
Maurice Greene, angleški baročni skladatelj in organist, * 12. avgust 1696, London, † 1. december 1755, London.

Greene je v mladosti pel v deškem zboru londonske katedrale Sv. Pavla. Pri Richardu Brindu je študiral orgle in po učiteljevi smrti postal organist pri Sv. Pavlu. Po smrti Williama Crofta (1727) je Greene postal organist v Kraljevi kapeli, leta 1730 pa je postal profesor glasbe na Univerzi v Cambridgeu. Leta 1735 je prejel naziv »Master of the King's Musick«.

Greene je komponiral pretežno vokalno glasbo, tako posvetno kot sakralno. Njegove najuspešnejše skladbe so oratorij The Song of Deborah and Barak (1732), priredbe sonetov Edmunda Spenserja Amoretti (1739) in zbirka himn (1743), med katerimi je največkrat izvajana Lord, let me know mine end.

Sklici

Glej tudi
seznam skladateljev

Angleški skladatelji
Angleški organisti

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Q: Difference between _exit and return Consider the following piece of code
    int     glob = 6;       /* external variable in initialized data */

    int
    main(void)
    {
        int     var;        /* automatic variable on the stack */
        pid_t   pid;

        var = 88;
        printf("before vfork\n");   /* we don't flush stdio */

        if ( (pid = vfork()) < 0)
            err_sys("vfork error");
        else if (pid == 0) {        /* child */
            glob++;                 /* modify parent's variables */
            var++;
            _exit(0);               /* child terminates */
        }

        /* parent */
        printf("pid = %d, glob = %d, var = %d\n", getpid(), glob, var);
        exit(0);
    }

This is an example explaing how to use the vfork syscall.
    If, instead of using _exit i use return, i get different output values. Is not return equivalent to call _exit? Why not?


Have I mentioned to you that my darling K loves to compose songs? You might be as surprised as I am when she first asked me to check her very first music creation (lyrics plus her own melody) December of 2011. I have a little singer and songwriter, how awesome is that?
Sometimes, out of the blue she composes and sings a song without even writing it on paper. I always remind her to jot down the lyrics in case she forgets. I am reminded of fruity loops edition geared for composers the way she do music composition and arrangement. I wonder if she'll become a professional songwriter, if not singer someday.


text:
Nigeria auctions 100 billion naira of 5-, 7-, 10-year bonds
August 15, 2018 Isaac UmunnaComment(0)
Nigeria's debt management office auctioned 100.9 billion naira ($327.8 million) of five-, seven- and 10-year bonds on Wednesday, it said in a statement.
The bonds were sold at 14.39 percent, 14.60 percent and 16.49 percent, respectively, the office said. The money from the auction will go towards financing Nigeria's 2018 budget, its largest ever.$1 = 305.0500 naira. Reuters
Nigeria loses $8b to capital flight in oil industry
August 3, 2016 Isaac Umunna
Indications have emerged that Nigeria has lost over $8 billion due to capital flight in the nation's oil and gas industry, as the International Oil Companies (IOCs) have continued to award of contracts to foreign firm, contrary to the provision of the Nigerian Oil and Gas Industry Content and Development Act (NOGICD) Act 2010. The […]
Listing values Nigerian fertiliser maker Notore at $330 million
Fertiliser maker Notore Chemical Industries has achieved a 100.75 billion naira ($330 million) valuation by listing on the Nigerian Stock Exchange, with a free float of 16 percent. Notore, which produces fertiliser for sale within Nigeria and for export to West Africa, Southern Africa and Europe, said it had listed 1.61 billion ordinary shares at […]
Business General
West Africa Crude-Angolan grades firm a touch; Nigerian struggles to find buyers
May 30, 2018 Isaac Umunna
Angolan cargoes were gradually clearing on Wednesday, helping nudge crude differentials higher, while unfavourable arbitrages and an influx of U.S. grades into refineries in northwest Europe and the Mediterranean continued to undermine the Nigerian market. * State firm Sonangol was said to be offering Dalia at a discount of $1.30 to dated Brent. Only a […]
Nigerian stocks extend losses as emerging markets tumble
Nigeria's Victor Moses announces retirement from International Football


Looks a bit ugly at the moment, but we will have all of the outside rendered over the next week or so (if he ever finishes the job).
The inside has seen massive progress, at long last the plastering has been done. I had forgotten just how hard plaster dust is to contain - boy!
A few hiccups, areas that required them to come back again (and again) to fix up, but we are almost there now.
The skirtings/architraves have been popped on - another drama which saw us a few days behind because they couldn't get the right style for us.
The much anticipated Walk In Robe!!!
The doors have also been put on in the rooms, cupboards etc.
Looks like another HUGE week this week. We are madly trying to paint EVERYTHING in readiness for our carpets and flooring going down.
The roof is getting sprayed next week - finally goodbye to that horrid Terracotta!
I have selected the blinds for the new spaces, which are getting made at the moment.
We have ordered a new front door as ours just wasn't letting in enough light in the entrance way as you can see from the below.
The Old Door, just a wee bit dark!
The new entrance hall - the door ahead is the mud/storage room. Where the carpet stops is actually where our front door used to be, hard to believe!
The new door should go in this week too, I hope it makes a BIG difference with the light factor.
I have ordered a new couch and dining table - these get delivered on Friday and the old stuff has been sold and goes out on Saturday.
I need some advice on finalising an entry hall table and a mirror - so expect to see some posts very soon!
We have been busy trying to design our front landscaping. So many plans on that we need to finalise and book in so that we get it all done for Chrissie.
We have come so far, but I still feel like we have so long to go. We are all still sleeping in Mr B's room (on a mattress on the floor), tired and cranky with one another. I cannot wait to get our lives back, it has been 4 months and we have had enough!
And Mr Bricklayer if you are reading this - GET MOVING!!!!!
Thanks for sharing the inspiration to renovate the house! We decided to renovate too. But we didn't have that much courage to do everything on our own so we ahd the renovation done in bits & pieces and to end up the whole thing we got Professional Residential Painters in Melbourne to do the paints for us!!


text:
"""
@brief      test log(time=21s)
"""

import sys
import os
import unittest

from pyquickhelper.loghelper import fLOG
from pyquickhelper.ipythonhelper import test_notebook_execution_coverage
from pyquickhelper.pycode import add_missing_development_version

class TestFunctionTestNotebook(unittest.TestCase):

    def setUp(self):
        add_missing_development_version(["jyquickhelper"], __file__, hide=True)

    def test_notebook_example_pyquickhelper(self):
        fLOG(
            __file__,
            self._testMethodName,
            OutputPrint=__name__ == "__main__")

        folder = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__),
                              "..", "..", "_doc", "notebooks")
        test_notebook_execution_coverage(__file__, "compare_python_distribution", folder,
                                         'pyquickhelper', fLOG=fLOG,
                                         copy_files=["README.txt"])

if __name__ == "__main__":
    unittest.main()

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Before the July 11 meeting of Sabetha Memorial Post 7285 of the Veterans of Foreign Wars, Post Commander Tom Evans, left, presents Certificates of Appreciation to members of the Sabetha High School chapter of the National Honor Society to (L-R) Olivia Meyer, Emily Murchison and Deborah Edelman for helping to prepare tables and then serving dinner at Post 7285's Run for the Fallen spaghetti dinner on June 5. Not present was NHS member Hannah Whittaker.
Prior to the July 11 meeting of Sabetha Memorial Post 7285 of the Veterans of Foreign Wars, Post Commander Tom Evans, left, presents a Certificate of Appreciation for Boy Scout Troop 77 to Boy Scouts (L-R) Jacob Enneking and Paul Pearson for providing the Color Guard at the Run for the Fallen end-of-day ceremony on June 5. The two scouts received the Certificate of Appreciation on behalf of the entire troop.


If you've recently received your Rebel Treadmill 1000, we have three tips to help you get started.
The Rebel Treadmill has a speed range from 0.5 mph to 2.0 mph. When you first start using it, we suggest a speed range from 0.8 to 1.3 mph. Find a speed that is comfortable for typing, talking, reading, web scrolling – whatever your work task might be.
Try different speeds for different work tasks. You can see a video here of the different speeds.
Regardless of your fitness level, walking on an under desk treadmill does involve engaging your muscles in a new way. On the first day, try walking for two 15-minute intervals. Try to space out those 15-minute blocks by a few hours. On the second day, add 5 five minutes to those intervals. So you will walk for a total of 40 minutes on the second day.
On the third day, you'll have a much better sense of the right speed and length of time for you. You might want to add another 5 minutes or a third interval. Within a week, we bet you'll be in your treadmill-desk groove!
For the most comfortable walking experience, you want your under desk treadmill to be positioned properly. Make sure that the feet on the treadmill are level. The feet can be easily adjusted, as demonstrated here.
A common mistake that we see is that the walking treadmill is not placed far enough under the desk, so the user's feet hit the motor housing. With the Rebel Treadmill, there is plenty of room on the walking deck. You can take a nice stride without bumping against the motor housing.
Do you have a tip after using your Rebel Treadmill 1000? Let us know!
The post 3 Tips For Getting Started With A Treadmill Desk appeared first on Rebel Desk.


text:
Das Arrondissement Strasbourg-Campagne war ein Verwaltungsbezirk im Département Bas-Rhin in der Region Elsass in Frankreich mit zuletzt 284.815 Einwohnern (Stand 1. Januar 2012) auf einer Fläche von 684 Quadratkilometern. Der Verwaltungssitz () des Arrondissements war Straßburg.

Geschichte
Am 4. März 1790 mit der Gründung des Départements Bas-Rhin gehörte das Gebiet zum "Distrikt Strasbourg". Mit der Gründung der Arrondissements entstand am 17. Februar 1800 das Arrondissement Strasbourg, das im Wesentlichen den Distrikt ersetzte. Seit 18. Mai 1871 gehörte das Gebiet als Landkreis Straßburg im Bezirk Unterelsass zum Reichsland Elsass-Lothringen. Der Kreis umfasste damals 561 Quadratkilometer und hatte (1885) 79.521 Einwohner. Im Zuge der Wiedereingliederung des Elsass nach Frankreich am 28. Juni 1919 (Vertrag von Versailles) wurde das Gebiet als Arrondissement Strasbourg-Campagne neu zugeschnitten.

Am 1. Januar 2015 wurde das Arrondissement aufgelöst und die Gemeinden auf die Arrondissements Strasbourg, Haguenau-Wissembourg, Molsheim und Saverne aufgeteilt.

Geografie
Das Arrondissement grenzte im Norden an das Arrondissement Haguenau, im Osten an Deutschland mit dem Ortenaukreis (Baden-Württemberg) sowie, dieses umkreisend, das Arrondissement Strasbourg-Ville, im Süden an das Arrondissement Sélestat-Erstein und im Westen an die Arrondissements Molsheim und Saverne.

Wahlkreise

Im Arrondissement lagen acht Wahlkreise (Kantone):
 Kanton Bischheim
 Kanton Brumath
 Kanton Geispolsheim
 Kanton Hochfelden
 Kanton Illkirch-Graffenstaden
 Kanton Mundolsheim
 Kanton Schiltigheim
 Kanton Truchtersheim

Einwohnerzahlen der größeren Gemeinden am 1. Januar 2012 und Verbleib ab dem 1. Januar 2015
Zum Arrondissement gehörten insgesamt 104 Gemeinden, darunter die folgenden Städte und Gemeinden mit mehr als 5000 Einwohnern:

Einzelnachweise

Strasbourgcampagne
Geographie (Département Bas-Rhin)
Arrondissementstrasbourgcampagne
Strasbourgcampagne


text:
Tax data
UK GAAP
CPD Modules
Accountancy Daily CPD
Practice & Industry
Called to account
Finance Mole
Accountancy Archive
Croner-i Online
» Insight » 2020: what's in store for accountants in the year ahead?
2020: what's in store for accountants in the year ahead?
Sara White
With Brexit unresolved and a majority government, accountants can expect a turbulent year ahead with IR35 rules for the private sector, loan charge concerns and the extension of Making Tax Digital, while auditors faces cataclysmic changes which could reshape the profession. Sara White gauges the views of industry experts
Editor, Accountancy Daily, published by Croner-i Ltd
View profile and articles.
John Cullinane, tax policy director, Chartered Institute of Taxation (CIOT)
With a new majority government, a concern is that we go back to the amount of tax legislation there was the last time a government had a majority.
The amount of tax legislation has more than doubled in the last 20 years and it's not well thought out. The last couple of years there's been no majority in parliament so they couldn't get anything done.
When there's been a majority, they have endlessly tinkered without dealing with the fundamental issues. We've still got the self employed versus employed issue, IR35, and they encouraged people to incorporate. So, will we go back to the bad old days?
Philip Hammond [former chancellor] did agree to go down to one Budget a year, one major fiscal event, but will the current chancellor stick to one Budget? The Treasury is clogged up, always preparing for a major fiscal event.
The coming February Budget will be the Budget for 2019 effectively, then maybe there will be a 2020 Budget in the autumn.
Brexit may take their mind off tinkering. We have a whole new radical government so they might be tempted to do more things without consultation.'
There are some specific issues too which need to be dealt with such as the IR35 off payroll rules for the private sector. I think there's just been so much uncertainty around Brexit and the hung parliament that people are disincentivised to prepare for it [IR35].
Even now people might think that the new government might delay it, but they have the triple lock on taxes and need to increase tax take to cover investments.
Making Tax Digital (MTD) is another area to watch. MTD for Income Tax went off the agenda because of the hung parliament but it is a key part of HMRC's strategy to digitise.
The problem with MTD for VAT was that it was rushed out and there was too little digesting of the pilot. HMRC needs to learn from that, they need to run a pilot on a more measured basis and produce something very good so people will want to use it and they should not be going for mandation.
The Revenue justifies MTD as it corrects errors, but mainly they get their evidence for errors when they do an investigation into a business and they usually focus on business versus personal expenses. Do you really need to use digitisation to sort out errors?
For small business expenses, it is all about the proportion of personal use versus business use. Is it really going to make a difference whether you do the reporting digitally or paper-based, how would it resolve the errors? Surely it would be better to nudge taxpayers instead; after all, errors do include differences of opinion.
Another area is the loan charge. People affected by the loan charge, who have not reached settlement, have been told by HMRC to put the full amount of the loan charge on their self assessment returns and that they will be able to amend it later, but that will immediately lead to a demand from HMRC.
There is a bit of an issue here as the new government might take time to review the Amyas Morse findings, but this is pressing. At least if the government came to a resolution they could get behind this and deal with it. I've always been sceptical that there's a legislative fix as it is difficult to come to a view about who needs to be supported.
Paul Eagland, managing partner, BDO
With the publication of the Brydon report we can expect 2020 to be a determinative year for audit as this is the final report pulling the whole thing together – we are getting to the end of all the thinking and all the reports.
I believe that 2020 will be the year that the accounting and audit profession will help to restore public trust. We are up to that as a profession.
I think there will be quite a balanced approach between the regulator, the auditors and management, but I do want to see board management take more responsibility. It will be clear what auditors' expectations are and this would require a change to the Companies Act [2006] or greater powers for the regulator.
Currently the Financial Reporting Council (FRC) only has powers over chartered accountants. We've always argued that the organisation that is being audited should take more responsibility.
There is also a link in my mind to Brexit. I absolutely believe that Brexit is settled for good or for bad with the outcome of the election, and you will see investors starting to invest at a higher rate.
Companies will see Brexit as an opportunity, especially the mid-market entrepreneurial businesses which are a very spirited part of the market, and there will be a lot of activity fuelled by private equity money.
The challenge is how we make sure government and the regulator balance the regulation. If the government wants to promote the UK as one of the key global capital markets, then it is important that changes to audit do not start to suffocate business and growth.
You don't want regulation to be so tight that it affects the capital markets; it is a real dilemma with Brexit. The regulatory changes need to be pushed through while keeping the capital markets open to investment and not suffocating UK business.
What I wouldn't like to see is that any changes to audit for the 2,500 largest public interest entities are dropped down to businesses outside the estimated 200,000 larger businesses that generally require an audit. Here the profile is completely different. There should be some level of stratification.
Away from regulation, automation will continue to be a major issue with further investment in technology and automating processes. The government should introduce more effective R&D (research and development) credits to encourage investment in automation.
People talk about automation and that it is easy, but it is not. You need to have standardisation and harmonisation of processes to make it work.
Thinking about tax, I hope the government reconsiders changes to entrepreneurs' relief; it doesn't make sense. The UK is recognised around the world as a brilliant business environment which encourages startups and businesses, and entrepreneurs' relief is an important relief, stimulating business, equally as private equity really fuels business.
Yvette Nunn, owner and partner, Berkeley & Co
Certainty is the main thing businesses need in 2020 and we've still not got any certainty even after the election. There is still so much uncertainty about Brexit and it does not help when planned tax laws are changed at the last minute - the 17% corporation tax rate was coming in from April and businesses had been preparing for that, then suddenly it wasn't happening.
If a business had planned investments around 17%, depending on what their profits are and how they were planning to make the repayments on borrowing, then they would have budgeted for this, now the profit forecast is dented. Britain plc really needs some help.
I am also concerned about the review of entrepreneurs' relief, that is so wrong. The government looks at the tax relief and says it doesn't promote investment, but they don't seem to realise that it promotes risk.
Now the banks are not lending, even where companies have not defaulted, so cash is king. And people are putting their own money into businesses and taking all the risk. If they cut entrepreneurs' relief, what's next? R&D restrictions are already coming in.
The tax code is so complicated but there's little sign of that changing.
Take EMIs (enterprise management incentives), they were brought in to reward employees for investing in businesses and to incentivise staff to invest in the company, particularly start-ups and high tech innovators. But the problem is that this reduces payroll, and as a result their NICs' bill is too low, as R&D relief is capped.
The government needs to look at the way all these reliefs interact as it is not working. We need more joined up thinking on tax policy.
The off-payroll working rules for the private sector are another problem, going forward a lot of businesses are not going to have the time or resources to check the status of all their contractors so they are just going to put them on the payroll.
I just don't feel there is enough awareness, and it's not just about the changes to IR35. It is across the board on taxes. There are a lot of people who just don't have the money to invest in advice, and it is more luck than judgment that they get their taxes right.
The next Budget needs to be carefully thought through. What I do ask is if they announce taxes for the next tax year, as they do in advance, then they don't go back on it. Also it shouldn't be a giveaway Budget, it should be a Budget for Britain plc, for the future of Britain and for business.
Britain needs a very long period of certainty and we can't hope to get it until we get past Brexit. Businesses are not investing because of Brexit and customers are holding off on new orders.
And on Brexit, I don't think Britain should expect to get a trade deal so quickly. The EU has been very patient with us considering how much we have changed our mind on the withdrawal deal and the fact that we're leaving.
Jonathan Amponsah, CEO, The Tax Guys
IR35 and income tax is a major concern for 2020. I have seen clients come to me where they have just not got enough awareness of this. Nothing has really changed in terms of employment status but there are widespread concerns. Many clients are at the mercy of banks – they have been told they will be put on the payroll, and the banks will put them on without doing any tests.
If you are really freelance they can't get the end user to review it. The obligation is for the company to do the test and give the staff member the assessment, and why they think the person should go on the payroll. A lot of contractors are going to accept it, but they can challenge the contract. My concern is that the government is just trying to raise more taxes.
On the loan charge, the Revenue has been quite successful in getting people to settle. I don't believe anything will come out of the Amyas Morse review; what are they going do any with all those that have already settled? It is a complex situation but there is no point people thinking that they might get away with not paying the taxes.
I am also concerned about increasing powers for HMRC; with a lot of taxpayers if they see the type of letters HMRC is sending, and even if they have a good case, they don't have the nerve to go to tribunal and dispute the issue.
With the new government, if you are going to spend and spend, then why would you give these taxes back. All the parties have tax avoidance on their radar, and the government clearly wants to close any loopholes.
Making Tax Digital is going to be pushed through in 2020, but it has to be better than the MTD for VAT rollout. HMRC is going to push hard to extend digital reporting but they really need to get their act together and improve the overall experience for taxpayers and businesses.
HMRC was not prepared at all for Making Tax Digital and a lot of firms have worked as civil servants for HMRC – a lot of time and effort was spent dealing with the systems and trying to report correctly.
In terms of digitisation, VAT was on a small scale. I think they should roll out MTD for business starting with big companies. If they just roll it out on a pilot scheme, then realistically it will take three to four years. My prediction is that they are going to go for it in 2021.
If the [new] government is going to spend, spend, spend, then why not get on with digitisation. If I was them I wouldn't introduce another tax.
On Brexit, my own personal view is that they should get on with it. It should be a sensible exit as this uncertainty is not helping businesses and the rules should be aligned with Europe wherever possible - we don't have the resources to change all the regulation.
Gary Ashford, partner and head of tax, Harbottle & Lewis
One of the big areas I suspect is that we will get some clarity around digital taxation in 2020. Meetings are taking place and the US has said that [the OECD's] pillar one proposals could be a safe harbour, which it could be.
The OECD wants to get some clarity in 2020 and the US has pitched in but they have massive concerns over the nexus principle and watering down the arm's length principle. You have to assume that the OECD wants to get something agreed in the first quarter of 2020. It just feels that this is the opening gambit.
What is the alternative to this - a huge amount of unilateral action? That is clearly one of the things that is crystal and that would not be a solution.
In the UK, there is the plan for a digital services tax but it is not clear how this will work out. There is the perceived relationship between the present incumbent in the US administration and the UK government. If the UK pushes ahead with the digital services tax, the US is probably going to ask it not to.
The UK should try to find a solution with the OECD. There is quite a significant potential fallout from that either way as well as the risk of a potential carve-out from the OECD.
Whether it is the OECD's proposal or digital services tax, if you look at the direction of travel, most companies are moving towards a more digital position so this issue is going to become even more important.
The election result gives the Conservatives a very strong mandate. I think they will push forward with some of the things they are proposing - there's a lot around entrepreneurs and with Brexit, the government is going to try to make the UK a very attractive place to do business. I would expect to see a whole bunch of measures to support entrepreneurs.
R&D relief will be made more effective and even if they were to scrap entrepreneurs' relief, it would be replaced by something else. But I would like to understand from a policy perspective why they feel the need to scrap it. It may be the anti avoidance aspect, an attempt to drive out contrived measures.
DAC 6, the EU tax disclosure rules, are coming in 2020 and whatever version is put in by non-EU countries, there will be a lack of consistency. No-one has the same anti avoidance measures and it will be a challenge.
HMRC has said it will effectively adopt DAC 6 and it is already enabled in Finance Bill 2019. It is important to appreciate that the UK has been a driving force in exchange of [tax] transparency. The UK position at the OECD table is important; they would not want to lose their position and influence.
When we get back from the Christmas break it is going to be full steam ahead with exiting the EU. The government are going to want that all to land successfully and then there will a Budget with measures to support growth.
Ben Chaplin, CEO, Croner-i and Croner Taxwise
One of the big challenges is the changing landscape – I think the Big Four are going to get challenged and there are several drivers for it. There could be a Big Six or a Big Eight again… I am quite serious about that.
The governing bodies are taking issue with the lack of choice and competition and a lot of people are raising their eyebrows at the consolidated Big Four, and know that some of them are trying to target businesses that they haven't before, particularly the medium sized businesses in the SME market.
Then you have those firms outside the Big Four who are eyeing up opportunities as larger businesses are looking at alternatives.
There is a great deal of consolidation in the market. Take Cogital Group – here you've got a lot of firms coming together and beginning to snap at the heels of the Big Four. There's also lots of change across the market with firms being sold off as senior partners and owners look to retire.
It's always interesting with mergers and acquisitions (M&A); they either go wrong or they take two years. M&As are tough as there are a lot of things to sort out with different systems and cultures.
We were very lucky when we bought the Croner Group, that took two years and for those two years it was very hard work. It was an unloved business with the remnants of a great name, but now it is a great business and we are glad we have brought so many people with us on the journey.
Then obviously there was the Croner-i acquisition which was not without its challenges as a trade and assets sale. We've invested heavily – with M&A you've got to be prepared to invest in the business, and not just money, but blood, sweat and tears. It is incredibly hard work. A lot of things need to play out to get the benefit of two plus two equals five, which we all aim for.
With any M&A, all the systems are a challenge and it's not only finance, it's sales and marketing, content, fulfilment, governance, and IT. We all want more analysis, more detail, and this requires investment in everything from finance systems to IT delivery, sales to CRM, the list goes on.
But it pays off and in 2020 there will be major changes in our delivery systems, with significant investment in our flagship information platform for tax, audit and accounting - Croner-i online - and Accountancy Daily, as well as across the rest of our HHC portfolio, including HR and health and safety.
We're very excited about it and the investment is ongoing; you have to continue investing all the time.
Andrew Harding, chief executive of management accounting, Chartered Institute of Management Accountants (CIMA)
Regulation, skills and automation are the three big things for 2020.
We are all waiting to see what happens with audit – there is going to be a new regulator replacing the Financial Reporting Council (FRC), and they already have a new chairman [Simon Dingemans] and new CEO [Jon Thompson]. Everything is ripe for change. It's an opportunity to make a step change. The old FRC was hobbled by the way it was set up.
We're looking forward to seeing a regulator with powers to influence change.
What is really important to understand is that the Thomas Cook and Carillion failures were not caused by the auditors; it was the accounting that went wrong
We would like to see more emphasis on the finance function – regulation has been driven by concerns about the audit market, but the reality is that a robust finance function has to be in place with good governance and an understanding of how accounting policies are used and to ensure that they are transparent. While auditing is the driver for change, it is not the only important issue.
What is really important to understand is that the Thomas Cook and Carillion failures were not caused by the auditors; it was the accounting that went wrong.
When it comes to reporting, there needs to be a solid understanding of financial reporting, but we would also like to see the strategic report aligned with integrated reporting.
This brings me to the skills issue. The estimated average lifetime use of a skill is four years. The concern is that the vast majority of professional accountants are qualified and they think they are skilled for life but the idea that you have a 40-year promise has gone. You have to really keep trying to keep ahead of the game; you have to make sure you're relevant to your clients.
We're taking a long, hard look at the shape of professional learning. There needs to be more engagement from finance professionals – we've seen pockets of recognition, but we see others that really need to raise their game and their professionalism.
Technology and digitisation are the major change factors. Spreadsheets are fast becoming yesterday's technology. There are still organisations that have hundreds of people who move stuff between spreadsheets. With digitisation you can complete the month end reporting in two days instead of a month.
It's an opportunity for accountants and also a risk. For those that want to impact the business and add value, this will give them the time to do this. It is a risk for those who think their jobs will never change.
It is easier to look at the risks in terms of demographics – those at most risk are the mid-career professionals, those qualified between 10 and 25 years, who still have a 15 to 20 year career to enjoy.
Their need to re-skill is absolutely vital; they need to get a good understanding of the digital world. They don't have to be coders but they need to understand what digitisation can do for their business. When you think about the pervasive use of spreadsheets, some of that dependence is due to the technical adoption curve.
In terms of digitisation, you have a lot of early adopters – the 10% – but 90% are lagging because their people don't have the skills.
This is a problem that is becoming more acute. The leading group is getting smaller and it is beginning to break away. Too many businesses are not using the latest technology; they need to adapt fast to remain competitive. Millennials are intuitive users of technology, they think digital first. But the traditional university education is not placed to keep up with that.
Reporting by Sara White, Editor, Accountancy Daily
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text:
Susanne Braunsteffer (geb. 1979 in Grattersdorf, Landkreis Deggendorf) ist eine deutsche Opernsängerin (Sopran).

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Susanne Braunsteffer schloss ihr Studium 2008 am Salzburger Mozarteum mit Auszeichnung ab. In der Saison 2008/09 war sie Mitglied des Opernstudios der Opéra National du Rhin in Strasbourg, wo sie u. a. die Contessa in Mozarts Le nozze di Figaro und Gretel in Humperdincks Hänsel und Gretel sang. Von 2009 bis 2011 war Braunsteffer Mitglied der Accademia Teatro alla Scala in Mailand. 2010 sang sie die Michaela in Bizets Carmen in Belgien. 2011 vertrat sie Deutschland beim BBC-Wettbewerb Cardiff Singer of the World. 2012 sang Braunsteffer Marie in Smetanas Die verkaufte Braut am Staatstheater Braunschweig. In der Saison 2012/13 debütierte sie als Leonora in Verdis Il Trovatore am Theater Dortmund, wo sie daraufhin Elisabetta in Verdis Don Carlos sang und 2015 als Amelia in Verdis Ein Maskenball wieder engagiert wurde, eine Rolle, die sie ebenfalls in dieser Saison am Saarländischen Staatstheater Saarbrücken singt. 2013 gab sie ihr Debüt als Mimi in Puccinis La Bohème am Theatro Municipal de São Paulo, Brasilien. Bei den Eutiner Festspielen 2015 gab Braunsteffer ihr Debüt als Aida in Verdis gleichnamiger Oper. Am Saarländischen Staatstheater Saarbrücken singt die Sopranistin in der Saison 2015/16 Cio-Cio-San in Puccinis Madama Butterfly und die Titelrolle in Dvořáks Rusalka.

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text:
Prediction of fatigue damage with the use of dissipation energy
Przemysław Drożyner1 , Piotr Szczyglak2
1, 2University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland
Received 31 August 2017; received in revised form 2 September 2017; accepted 10 September 2017; published 26 September 2017
The paper refers to development of relationship between fatigue life and energy dissipated during process of fatigue. A theory about treating technical object as operational system, with limited potential for destruction was utilized. On the base of experiments, it was stated, that dissipated energy, which is stored in the object as a result of various kinds of wear processes, including fatigue can be such parameter. Amount of this energy was determined experimentally. It was found, that "consumption" of this energy depends on the value of the damping coefficient of the test object and the parameters of the oscillatory motion. Knowing the amount of this energy and accepting it as a "destruction capacity", it is possible to predict the fatigue life of an object under a given load.
Keywords: fatigue life, dissipation of energy, prediction, vibration.
The quality of machines operating can be described -among others - by parameters of their technical condition. These parameters are determined by the severity of wear processes taking place in the objects during their lifetime. Ability to identify, or even more important, forecasting this state is crucial from the point of view of rational operational decisions. Whole series of papers refer to this issue. For instance [1] summaries and review developments in diagnostics and prognostics of mechanical system with emphasis on models, algorithms and technologies for data processing and maintenance decision-making. The use of vibro-acoustic nonlinear wave modulations for prediction of cracked aluminum plate is described in [2]. Methods for predicting rotating machinery failures are summarized and classified as conventional reliability models, condition-based prognostics models and models integrating reliability and prognostics are given in [3]. Common causes of damages are related to wear processes. Creating possibilities for precise – based on the current stage of such processes, not on likelihood - prediction the appearance of the failure (damage) is therefore extremely important, especially for those industries which use complex and responsible machinery and equipment.
The essence of the problem of damage prediction is the difficulty in the quantitative description of the severity of wear processes taking place in the technical objects. One of the most common causes of failures is fatigue wear. The problem lies in the fact that phenomena of fatigue, having a large effect on the durability and reliability of technical objects are not yet sufficiently clarified. Computational methods are rather related to design stage and generally are based on empirical generalization. The result is that the technical concept of "fatigue" is generally seen as certain probability of damage after a certain number of cycles of load, which should not be exceeded. Some methods are given in literature. For instance, in [4] a time-based method is proposed to analyze the fatigue crack growth behavior under variable amplitude loading caused by vibration. Spectral method for assessing the fatigue lives of mechanical components under non-Gaussian random vibration loadings id described in [5].
Treating technical objects as behavioral systems, it can be said that they are systems that transform energy into useful energy (in the form of e.g. desired product or the work process) and energy dissipated externally and internally [6]. This last one is stored internally in the object as a result of various kinds of wear processes occurring during operation.
Energy dissipation can be modelled using frictional, hysteretic or thermo-elastic mechanisms [7]. As example, in [8] vibrothermography method that detects surface temperature changes due to heating associated with frictional energy dissipation by damage is presented. Concept of energy dissipation was also used for identification of structural supporting layer of the foil bearing model [9]. Fundamentals of the concept of energy dissipation in the diagnosis are included in the works [10-13]. Concept of Energy dissipation was also used in [14] for measuring of vibration damping of shot‐filled containers with some empty volume as the shot damper clearance.
Deformation (fatigue) of machine elements under the influence of external forces is always accompanied by internal friction. Heat emission is the symptom of this phenomena. In case of exceeding the limit of elasticity, permanent deformation appears caused by plasticizing material and decohesion.
Such energy is lost energy as opposed to elastic energy which is returned after unloading. It can be assumed that dissipative energy is the destructive energy [15] and the identification process of its transformation can be used to predict the durability of machine parts. Treating technical objects as behavioral systems, it can be said that they are systems that transform energy into useful energy (in the form of e.g. desired product or the work process) and energy dissipated externally and internally. This last one is stored internally in the object as a result of various kinds of wear processes occurring during operation.
Theories of ideal medium can be used to describe the energy transformation: the energy changes in cyclically deformed element machine can be described on the basis of appropriate connecting models: spring (Hook), viscous (Newton) and plastic (Saint-Venant). Dissipated energy can be determined using Newton and Saint-Venant models [17-19].
Accurate prediction of fatigue life of machines, equipment and structures is critical for some industries like petrochemical for instance where extremely important in operating conditions may be possibility of detecting the dangers associated with the fatigue early enough, that machine or the entire production process can be safely switch off, even if degradation is already irreversible.
2. Test stand description
Neodymium fatigue machine NMZ-1 (Fig. 1) designed and built within the framework of the research project [10]. The machine is a non-contact bending device, consists of three independent measuring sections. The sample (Fig. 2) is placed in the jaw holder between two disks with neodymium magnets fixed on the motor shaft. Rotation of discs through neodymium act on a test sample causing it to swing from the state of equilibrium. Value of forces acting on the sample is combination of the distance between the discs, installed power neodymium magnets and the length of the sample. The frequency depends on the rotational frequency of the motor. The following parameters are recorded: number of fatigue cycles, displacement (amplitude) of test sample and its temperature. There is also the opportunity to evaluate a number of other process parameters of test sample deformation such as stress in the cross-notched specimen, and the loading force (focused) at the end of the sample.
Fig. 1. Neodymium machine NMZ-1
a) General view of the device
b) View the section handles with measurement sensors
Fig. 2. The basic dimensions of the sample. L= 180 mm – length of the sample, H= 25 mm – the width of the sample; g= 2 mm – thickness
3. The test procedure and results
A series of experiments involving subjecting the samples made of steel S 235 to fatigue loads of a certain frequency and amplitude were carried out. The selection of frequencies and amplitudes extortion was made by analyzing the functioning of the common piping and sources of their vibration (mechanical force, acoustic, pulsations of medium) because ultimately the results of the research will serve the development of test methods for so-called SBC (Small Bore Connection).
The frequency excitations varied in the range of 1 to 50 Hz, and they were respectively equal to 10, 15, 17 (the resonance frequency of the sample), 25, 35 and 50 Hz. Following values were recorded – the RMS value of relative vibration (displacement), the number of cycles and the time to failure of the sample. For each frequency, the measurements were done for 5 samples. Spectral analysis of sample vibration was done.
Fig. 3 shows an example of a sample answer - simple, with one harmonic and complex – with visible other harmonics of sample response.
Table 1 summarizes obtained results (for each experiment, average value from 5 samples/measurements). The last two columns of the table show the values and the frequency of the next after the first, significant (largest) signal component (mostly the second or third harmonic).
Fig. 3. Sample spectra of samples of the response signal
a) The answer simple, with one first harmonic
b) The answer complex with visible successive harmonics
Table 1. Values of excitation vibrations frequency and amplitude response
No. of experiment
Number of cycles to destruction
Time to failure [s]
Excitation frequency [Hz]
RMS of sample vibration [mm]
Value of 1st harmonic [mm]
Value of next significant harmonic [mm]
The frequency of next significant harmonic [Hz]
Fig. 4 shows the relationship between the RMS value of displacements of the sample (Fig. 4(b)) and the value of the first harmonic of the sample displacement (Fig. 4(a)) and the number of cycles for destruction. Trend lines (linear) with equations are noted on figures. From the graphs it is clear and obvious statistical relationship between the values of the vibration amplitude and the number of cycles but a relatively large standard deviations, in particular for the first harmonic do not allow for accurate prediction of time to failure (statistical analysis of the test results is not shown in this article).
Fig. 4. Relationship between the a) the value of the first harmonic of the sample displacement and b) RMS value of displacements of the sample and the number of cycles for destruction
Analysis of these drawings leads to the conclusion that accurate prediction of the fatigue life should refer not only to value of vibration but also to nature of the response. Attempt was made to determine the relationships between the fatigue strength of samples and the parameters of the responses (amplitude and frequency) by calculating energy dissipated internally throughout the experiment.
It is assumed, that generated deformation are within the limits of elasticity. Then, in the bending process part of energy supplied is recovered after relaxation of the sample which can be described by the Hook model and part is converted to heat due to internal friction in the sample which can be described by the Newton model. For this reason, the description of the phenomenon analyzed model is adopted Kelvin-Voigt:
F = k ⋅ x m + c ⋅ x ˙ m ,
where: F [N] – the force that causes deformation (not taking into account the forces of inertia), K [N/m] – coefficient of elasticity, c [Ns/m]– coefficient of damping, xm [m] – coordinate of the center of gravity of the sample during test, x˙m [m/s] – velocity of the sample center of gravity during test.
It was assumed that energy dissipated during test will be calculated as the sum of the individual components of the vibration response of the sample. After transformations which considered internal friction force and distance to overcome by the sample center of gravity during fatigue test, for complex harmonic motion Eq. (2) was obtained:
E r = 16 ∑ j = 1 m c ⋅ A j 2 ⋅ f j 2 ⋅ t ,
where Aj – amplitude of j-harmonic in sample response [m], fj – frequency of j-harmonic in sample response [Hz], m – number of harmonics in sample response, t – time to destruction [s].
This model allows to determine energy dissipated internally during the whole process of sample destruction. This energy depends on the amplitude and frequency of vibration and the value of damping factor. It should be noted that the elastic material (value c near zero), the value of this energy is also strives to 0.
The results of calculations of dissipated energy are shown in Table 2. Value of damping coefficient c for tested samples is equal to 0,085 N·s/m [10].
Fig. 5 shows the relationship between energy dissipation and number of cycles to destruction.
For the obtained results, the equation of trend (linear) is given by formula: y=0,0085x+81824.
Experiment No. 3 was carried out in resonance frequency. If the result obtained in this experiment is not included, the graph will take the form as shown in Fig. 6.
Table 2. Results of experiments
Energy dissipation [J]
Fig. 5. Relationship between energy dissipation and number of cycles to destruction
Fig. 6. Relationship between energy dissipation and number of cycles to destruction without experiment done in resonance frequency
Equation of trend (linear) is than given by formula: y=0,0004x+94137.
Analyzing the results, it was found that: 1) for excitations, as a result of which the amplitude response of samples (RMS) was less than 0.2 mm (irrespective of the composition of the frequency response), the sample is not damaged. For such conditions, dissipated energy tend to infinity without sample destruction. 2) for greater excitations, it was found that the amount of energy dissipated is almost constant, irrespective of the number of cycles to failure with slope line trend equation equal to 0.0085. If experiment no 3 (carried out in resonance frequency) is not taken into account, value of slope is equal to 0,0004. Average value of dissipated energy is equal to app. 95 kJ while standard deviation is equal to 2,7 kJ what is 2,8 % of average value.
As a result of experiment, it was found that the fatigue life depends not only on the vibration amplitude but also on composition of the frequency response signal. The relationship between the dissipated energy in the process of fatigue, number of cycles to the destruction and vibration parameters of response signal was determined. It was found that value of this energy, regardless of the experimental conditions is almost constant – the standard deviation is about 2.8 % of the average. Therefore, conclusion confirming the theory about the technical object as operational system, with limited potential for destruction [5] can be drawn. In this case it is amount of dissipated energy, which is stored in the object as a result of various kinds of wear processes, including fatigue. Amount of this energy can be determined experimentally while "consumption" of this energy depends on the value of the damping coefficient of the test object and the parameters of the oscillatory motion. Knowing the amount of this energy and accepting it as a "destruction capacity", it is possible to predict the fatigue life of an object under a given load.
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