text:
English Literature, History, Children's Books, Illustrations and Photographs
Beckett, Samuel.
the author's "personal" corrected carbon copy typescript of "krapp's last tape"
no autograph or typed material by beckett relating to "krapp's last tape", one of his most famous and popular plays, has ever been sold at auction.
Beckett wrote his dramatic monologue, Krapp's Last Tape, during the spring of 1958. It was to be a curtain-raiser for his masterpiece Endgame, due to be performed at the Royal Court Theatre in October of the same year. The first actor to play Krapp was Patrick Magee, whom Beckett had in mind for the part from the play's inception (in fact Beckett referred to the play for some time as the "Magee Monologue"): "Beckett was impressed and moved by the cracked quality of Magee's distinctively Irish voice which seemed to capture a sense of deep world-weariness, sadness, ruination and regret" (James Knowlson, Damned to Fame: The Life of Samuel Beckett, 1996, p.444).
Krapp's Last Tape "is unusual in Beckett's theatrical opus for its tender lyricism and for a poignancy that skirts sentimentality...[It] contains many personal elements...[which] convey more universal feelings of yearning or loss, nostalgia or regret, aspiration or failure. Beckett always felt a great deal of affection for this play...[it] gave Beckett a very real sense of achievement..." (Knowlson, pp.442-446).
All drafts of the play, except the first, are typescripts. In a letter to the book collector and dealer Jake Schwartz dated 15 March 1958, Beckett mentions four typescript states: "I am also keeping for you, if you would be interested...four states, in typescript, with copious and dirty corrections, of a short stage monologue I have just written (in English) for Pat Magee. This was composed on the machine from a tangle of old notes, so I have not the MS to offer you" (quoted by J. Knowlson in "Krapp's Last Tape: the evolution of a play, 1958-75", Journal of Beckett Studies, Winter 1976). It appears that the manuscript to which Beckett refers is in fact MS 1227/7/7/1 in the Beckett Manuscript Collection at Reading University, where it is described as an exercise book of manuscript notes representing the first draft of the play.
The four states of the typescript are in the Humanities Research Centre in the University of Texas at Austin: "The finished play is an eminently poetic work, and these four much-revised preliminary versions reveal Beckett's path in reaching his destination" (Carlton Lake, No Symbols Where None Intended, Texas, 1984, nos. 226-229). There is also a further typescript (no. 230), which seems to resemble the present one in that it is a corrected carbon copy of eight pages (as opposed to the third and fourth typescripts, of nine pages each), has the final title "Krapp's Last Tape" and has "the nineteen eighties" modified to "the future". It may well be the case that both the Texas carbon copy and the present one were produced from the same top copy, i.e the one in the Reading collection (MS 1659). It is also likely that the corrections made in the present typescript correspond to those in the Reading top copy; at least this is what may be inferred from the Reading catalogue description, which could also apply to the present typescript: "...Late formative draft. Corrections...frequent, including deletion and some exchanges of words and phrases. The initial setting is altered from 'A late evening in the nineteen eighties' to 'A late evening in the future', Krapp's hair is identified as grey, and the directions rather than the actions of the opening mime are abbreviated. Some important changes to the text in the latter stages, including the deletion of 'wire-haired fox terrier' for 'little white dog', and the substitution of 'flags' for 'reeds' in the twice-heard punt episode. Beckett types 'Krapp' and 'Tape' for the first time in the adjacent left margin each time the role of speaker changes from one to the other" (Beckett at Reading: Catalogue of the Beckett Manuscript Collection at the University of Reading, 1998, p.59).
Other notable changes include the deletion of "living" in "Not a [living] soul. Sat before the fire with closed eyes..." (p.3) and in "Not a [living] soul. (Pause.) Last fancies" (p.7), the substitution of "early autumn" for "late autumn" (p.4), of "Deserted spot it was" to "Hardly a soul" (p.4) and of "empty your bottle" to "finish your booze" (p.7).
The present typescript is close to the final version (first published in 1959), but Beckett's own annotated and corrected copies of the text show that he was substantially revising the play even after publication: "...in the course of working on his play for a number of productions, Beckett came to reappraise, revise, and trim it. Later versions differed therefore substantially, particularly in the setting and the non-verbal acting of Krapp, from the one first seen in London in October 1958, when Patrick Magee acted the part of Krapp" (Knowlson, "Krapp's Last Tape: the evolution of a play").
"...It is...difficult to imagine how even a poor performance of Krapp's Last Tape could be undramatic. It is one of Beckett's most accessible plays, and represents a further clarification of his investigation into the sources of creativity and the characteristics of the artifact..." (John Pilling, Samuel Beckett, 1976, p.83).


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Mary Rizzo and Richard Silverstein have already outlined the hypocrisy of Awad's partner in whitewashing, Noa.
I am an Australian artist who would be proud to stand alongside my Palestinian brothers and sisters in their fight for liberation from apartheid and colonialism.
Friends of Palestine, NSW, Australia.
Would you have sung with a German during the Nazi/Hitler regime or with a Russian during Stalin's purges ?
I'm sure you would not have wanted your name associated with crimes against humanity. Israel is committing crimes against humanity by killing Palestinians in large numbers…your own people???
I would not even though I am Australian, I stand in solidarity with Palestinians as they are being brutalised and until Israel change their policy to Palestine, you should not support or lend your name or reputation to the state of Israel.
Boycott Israel as many other performers are doing, to let them know we dismiss child killers, torturers and occupiers that steal land and freedom of the Palestinians.


text:
What is the reason behind "one level at a time" level advancement in D&D?
During the answering to this question about large experience point gains getting truncated -- when a single XP award would raise a character more than one level at a time -- the following question arose: is the reason for this rule ever given?
The linked question was for D&D 3.5e, where the rule is (PHB(3.5e) p.58):
A character can advance only one level at a time. If, for some extraordinary reason, a character's XP reward from a single adventure would be enough to advance two or more levels at once, he or she instead advances one level and gains just enough xp to be 1 xp short of the next level.
The practice/tradition of level advancement limitation to "only one level at a time" is found in the original form of the game: OD&D (p. 18, Men & Magic) It was presented using the Fighting Man as an example. (It took 4,000 XP to become a 3d level Fighting Man).
... Veteran (1st level) gains what would ordinarily be 5,000 experience points; however, as this would move him upwards two levels, the referee should award only sufficient points to bring him to "Warrior" (2nd level), say 3,999 if the character began with 0 experience points."
(Note: This rule carried over with nearly identical language in the Holmes D&D blue book (p.11), and in Basic Rules (p. B22) of BECMI's first volume -- though "why" was not addressed).
1e AD&D XP were the precondition to advance in level. Level gain wasn't completed until training was completed and gold spent. (DMG 1e, p. 86) That level of detail has not been retained in all subsequent editions.
GAINING EXPERIENCE LEVELS
Experience points are merely an indicator of the character's progress towards greater proficiency in his or her chosen profession. UPWARD PROGRESS IS NEVER AUTOMATIC. Just because Nell Nimblefingers, Rogue of the Thieves' guild has managed to acquire 1,251 experience points does NOT mean that she suddenly becomes Nell Nimblefingers the Footpad. The gaining of sufficient experience points is necessary to indicate that a character is eligible to gain a level of experience, but the actual award is a matter for you, the DM, to decide. //snip// Not only must game time be spent by the character desiring advancement, but treasure will have to be spent as well. The amount of gold pieces, or the equivalent in value in gems, jewelry, etc., is found by using the following simple formula: LEVEL OF THE TRAINEE CHARACTER X 1.500 = WEEKLY COST DURING STUDY/TRAINING. The level of the aspiring character should be computed at current (not to be gained) level.
The "what" is that you can only go up one level at a time. The "why" is harder to determine, though in the case of 1e more detail was provided.
Question Restated: Is/was the reasoning for this rule ever given?
Citation for this explanation may be hard to find.
A good answer will cite a rulebook, an author or dev comment, or article, a Dragon Magazine article, an interview, a web posting, or a source tied to someone who can explain why this limitation was imposed, and then kept in various forms from edition to edition.
dungeons-and-dragons history-of-gaming character-advancement experience-points designer-reasons
mxyzplk
KorvinStarmastKorvinStarmast
\$\begingroup\$ Please avoid speculative answers in the comments! Thanks! \$\endgroup\$ – SevenSidedDie Mar 31 '16 at 20:18
I am not particularly fond of playing one game session and going up a level. That hardly qualifies as "earned," to my way of thinking. (E. Gary Gygax as Col_Pladoh on Dragonsfoot forum)
The above quote was posted 30+ years after the original rules were printed. It supports "designer intent" in this answer.
For a point closer in time to the original rules being published, an article by Gary Gygax in Strategic Review (April 1976, p. 22-23, D&D IS ONLY AS GOOD AS THE DM) addresses earning levels. A theme found throughout this article is:
It isn't better to be lucky than good.
Successful play of D & D is a blend of desire, skill and luck. Desire is often initiated by actually participating in a game. It is absolutely a reflection of the referee's ability to maintain an interesting and challenging game. Skill is a blend of knowledge of the rules and game background as applied to the particular game circumstances favored by the referee. Memory or recall is often a skill function. Luck is the least important of the three, but it is a factor in successful play nonetheless.
The article emphasizes that player skill is important. Gygax refers to unearned levels, and blames that on Dungeon Masters who are not doing a good job. He further states that D&D is enjoyable if the players have to earn their levels. Earning levels should be a result of player skill above other considerations.
When read from top to bottom, the intent is clear: players should earn each level up, not be "given" more reward than appropriate for that level.
By requiring players to work for experience, to earn their treasure, means that the opportunity to retain interest will remain. It will also mean that the rules will fit the existing situation, a dragon, balrog, or whatever will be a fearsome challenge rather than a pushover.
The article mostly address high level play, rather than lower levels where an XP spike is more likely to present a chance to earn enough XP to advance more than one level during one adventure/session. The consistent theme is that the rate of level gain should not be rapid, and that it should be a challenging process.
Experience points are heaped upon the undeserving heads of players, levels accumulate like dead leaves in autumn, and if players with standings in the 20's, 30's and 40's of levels do not become bored, they typically become filled with an entirely false sense of accomplishment, they are puffed up with hubris. As they have not really earned their standings, and their actual ability has no reflection on their campaign level, they are easily deflated (killed) in a game which demands competence in proportionate measure to players' levels.
Note: this "rate of level gain" theme was again spelled out in the Companion Rules (BECMI):
"After reaching name level, characters should gain a new level of experience or every 3 to 8 successful adventures." ( Dungeon Master's Companion p. 2)
More E.G.G. on how a DM should make a challenging rather than a giveaway campaign:
When players no longer have reams of goodies at their fingertips they must use their abilities instead, and as you will have made your dungeons and wildernesses far more difficult and demanding, it will require considerable skill, imagination, and intellectual exercise to actually gain from the course of an adventure.
Player skill is the issue, not "character attributes" nor "character luck."
When it is difficult to survive, a long process to gain levels, when there are many desired items of magical nature to seek for, then a campaign is interesting and challenging. Think about how much fun it is to have something handed to you on a silver platter — nice once in a while but unappreciated when it becomes common occurrence. This analogy applies to experience and treasure in the D & D campaign.
There is a "metric" presented on expected advancement:
It is reasonable to calculate that if a fair player takes part in 50 to 75 games in the course of a year he should acquire sufficient experience points to make him about 9th to 11th level, assuming that he manages to survive all that play.
Keeping in mind the "1 GP = 1 XP" model (plus points for monsters from the XP table) and how the random treasure tables in Monsters and Treasure (and in Greyhawk) provided spikes in the GP value of treasures found, this article shows that the designer's intent is that level progression should be a gradual process.
With that intent considered, the rule from Men and Magic fits as a means to that end: don't advance too quickly because that would not reward player skill at the appropriate rate. (At the philosophical level, "the journey's the thing, not the ending" applies as well if one considers what Rob Kuntz, a playtester from the beginning, has to say in his recent writings on FRPG's).
Fast forward three years to the publication of the AD&D 1e DMG. That same intent is reflected in Gary Gygax' detailed rules on advancement in level (AD&D 1e DMG p. 86).
The above analysis is not a direct statement of
"why we did that back in 1973/1974 when we first published the rules"
but it shows evidence of design intent by the publisher.
That general intent is reflected throughout the article on how hard it should be to earn levels -- even though much of this was directed at higher level advancement.
The acquisition of successively higher levels will be proportionate to enhanced power and the number of experience points necessary to attain them, so another year of play will by no means mean a doubling of levels but rather the addition of perhaps two or three levels. Using this gauge, it should take four or five years to see 20th level. As BLACKMOOR is the only campaign with a life of five years, and GREYHAWK with a life of four is the second longest running campaign, the most able adventurers should not yet have attained 20th level except in the two named campaigns. To my certain knowledge no player in either BLACKMOOR or GREYHAWK has risen above 14th level.
Can the designer's intent for putting that rule into print in Men and Magic be determined from EGG's post hoc analysis of the game's progress two years later, after the benefit of 4-5 years of play test by the designers and an ever growing legion of gamers and fans? I argue that the answer is yes1, particularly in light of his comment at Dragonsfoot.
Player Skill as a Core Value is a Carry Over From the Wargames D&D Grew From
The early form of D&D grew out of competitive table top miniatures wargaming where player skill was a core ingredient to winning a given battle. All of the fun, whimsy, adventure, magic and "spark" that was folded in from Arneson's innovations and collaboration with Gygax -- stuff we all take for granted now -- doesn't change how closely related to the wargaming model the original form of the game was. As stated on the box, and on the cover of Men and Magic, Dungeons and Dragons rules were "Rules for Fantastic Medieval Wargames Campaigns Playable with Paper and Pencil and Miniature Figures."
After a few years of playing in two different campaign worlds -- Greyhawk and Blackmoor -- the game went to print. (In fairly rough form). Enough play and play test had transpired to expose some of the game's quirks. From seeing that rule in Men and Magic, repeated in Holmes, repeated in BECMI, and later expressed more formally as the game grew, it is fair to conclude that they discovered during play--before the rules were published--that a player could get an XP spike sufficient to gain more than one level at a time, and that this "feature" was seen by one primary dev -- Gary Gygax -- as a "bug."2 The "bug" fix rule inserted on page 18 was preemptive, and like most of the rules in OD&D it was terse. The rule told you what, not why.
In the mind of at least one dev, E.G.G1, an XP spike does not reflect player skill.
It takes player skill to earn levels.
Level advancement must be earned.
Designer intent is later confirmed by the expanded treatment of leveling, and its limits, in 1e AD&D, and some years later in a Q&A.
1 For all of Arneson's influence on the game, when it came to getting the rules written down and published Gygax had a far larger share of impact, and in a lot of cases had the last word. (See Tim Kask's comments for how that played out as the game became more successful). The folks at Judge's Guild had similar frustrations to TK's with putting DA's Blackmoor material into publishable form. (Folks who played in DA's games were effusive in their praise for much fun they were, publishing issues being a separate category to fun).
2 My notional five dollar bet is that Arneson didn't feel strongly about this one way or the other. Can't back it up, however, so it's unknown.
\$\begingroup\$ Do you have the articles you've cited and quoted in hard copy, or are they archived on the Internet somewhere? I'd love to read them in full. \$\endgroup\$ – LegendaryDude Apr 1 '16 at 15:19
\$\begingroup\$ As one who played D&D before the first Monster Manual came out, this fits very well with my recollection of how a well-run campaign worked vs. a "Monty Haul" type. We had one DM who ran things this way, and he had all the groups he had time to run for several years. The ones who gave away the world (including myself, in those early days) couldn't keep a game running for more than a few weeks or months. \$\endgroup\$ – Zeiss Ikon Apr 1 '16 at 17:17
\$\begingroup\$ Digital copies of the Strategic Review are almost certainly not legitimately available for free anywhere, since (I believe) it is currently owned by WotC. \$\endgroup\$ – SevenSidedDie Apr 2 '16 at 0:06
\$\begingroup\$ Link to Tim Kask stuff moved/died. WebArch got it tho: web.archive.org/web/20140715034812/http://… ... And the webarch server just literally went down just now. WTF. \$\endgroup\$ – Malady Jun 28 '16 at 16:33
\$\begingroup\$ Tim Kask stuff if webarch actually loses the file... drive.google.com/file/d/0B_ZzOVhZ7xFmWktXaktWV3JaTGs/… ... And apparently the original was deleted... Given that it should be here, but isn't: dyverscampaign.blogspot.ca/… \$\endgroup\$ – Malady Jun 28 '16 at 16:40
The "Holmes" blue book spells it out pretty clearly that the one-level-at-a-time rule is a hard limit to the lopsided experience point awards that would be awarded in "special circumstances" where a single character could gain experience that had been "earned" by the whole party.
In early D&D, rules for awarding experience could result in some very lopsided awards. This was recognized in the rules, which stated limits should be placed on it.
If, for some reason, one character gets more of the loot, such as a thief stealing gems from the saddle bags on the way home, then he should get the additional experience points.
Dungeon & Dragons, 3rd Edition, Gary Gygax and Dave Arneson, December 1979, p.11 (Please note this is the third edition of the original Dungeons and Dragons rule book -- not "dnd-3e" as we know it now.)
If there were casualties among the party, experience points were divided:
"equally among all surviving members of the expedition." (Also page 11)
It was recognized that this could result in some very uneven and rapid experience gains, and it was explained this should be permitted only within reason.
The Dungeon Master should have the option of lowering the number of experience points gained under special circumstances. If one character sneaks out of the dungeon with all the treasure while the rest of the party is being eaten, he should gain some of the experience points but not necessarily all of them! (Also page 11)
A paragraph later, the one-level-at-a-time rule is spelled out as a hard limit:
No more experience points should be awarded for a single game than will move a character up one experience "level." (Also page 11)
A "game" here might mean a dungeon expedition. B1 Into the Unknown recommends awarding experience points "at the conclusion of an adventure (the party's emergence from the dungeon.)" (p. 5) So a single character could receive all the experience for several encounters, if he were the only survivor.
Tim GrantTim Grant
\$\begingroup\$ The blue book used almost identical language to Men and Magic. Your answer gives us what, but not why, which may be a difficult target. Your point on B1 is a good one, I had not thought to look at that module (which is in a box somewhere). \$\endgroup\$ – KorvinStarmast Apr 3 '16 at 16:00
\$\begingroup\$ Yes, I have the 1979 edition of the Holmes blue book. Although there's no "This is because..." statement in the rules, in my opinion, discerning the intent from the quoted example doesn't require much of a leap. (The later rule books gloss over the reasoning behind this limit even more.) As this is a question about a rule, text in the published rules should be considered privileged. Not saying it's the only text that matters, but individual comments from interviews, which are often just offhand comments, would have to be considered in the reference of the official text. \$\endgroup\$ – Tim Grant Apr 3 '16 at 16:29
\$\begingroup\$ (Regarding modules, there's a little text on the subject in B-2 as well, but no smoking gun.) \$\endgroup\$ – Tim Grant Apr 3 '16 at 16:31
\$\begingroup\$ I agree in a general sense about your point in "not much of a leap" but someone suggested this question be asked in the course of answering that other question. 1e took it as given but gave more meat to the idea of one level at a time in the DMG. (as cited in the question) \$\endgroup\$ – KorvinStarmast Apr 3 '16 at 16:31
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Iraq's Constitutional Challenge
PBS News Hour
https://michaelrubin.org/1620/iraqs-constitutional-challenge
Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld visited Baghdad and urged Iraqi lawmakers to meet an Aug. 15 deadline for finishing their constitution. Middle East experts assess the problems the country faces when drafting a new constitution.
MARGARET WARNER: Two dates actually loom for Iraq's constitution writers: That Aug. 15 deadline for completing the draft, and a much earlier one -- next Monday -- to decide whether to ask for a six-month extension instead. So, should Iraq scramble to meet the Aug. 15 date, or would a delay produce a better result?
To explore that, we turn to: Joost Hiltermann, Middle East project director for the International Crisis Group, which focuses on alleviating conflicts worldwide -- he's based in Jordan and last visited Iraq in May; and Michael Rubin, who worked on Iraq policy in the Defense Department from 2002 to 2004. He went on to advise the U.S.-led occupation authority in Iraq and was last there in April. He's now a resident scholar at the American Enterprise Institute. Mr. Hiltermann, Mr. Rubin, welcome to you both.
Mr. Rubin, do you think it's essential for Iraq to meet this Aug. 15 deadline?
MICHAEL RUBIN: I think it's absolutely ideal that they do, but the sky won't fall if they don't. Iraqi politics is a lot about brinkmanship so if there is a delay, I'm not sure that that will translate into greater consultations or a more thorough constitutional process because really we know what the issues are. The Iraqis know what the issues are. They mainly center around federalism and religion. And these are going to be decided in the last 48 hours as the groups go into caucus.
MARGARET WARNER: How urgent do you think it is?
JOOST HILTERMANN: I think it's very important that the Iraqi people reach a national compact within the next few months. Whether it be done by the Aug. 15 deadline or not to me is not so important; I think the main thing is that the Iraqis get it right, that the constitution that they end up with is a constitution they can live with and that their descendants can live with.
And I think for that to happen we need to see greater public input and public buy into this process and into the final document. And that so far we haven't seen. So I would say rather than rushing towards this deadline let's look at all the issues and get it right and then if we get past the deadline, that would be something we can live with.
MARGARET WARNER: But are you suggesting that if they push -- and they really have to decide by Monday whether they can make it or not -- that they're in danger of putting something down on paper that really won't be lasting?
JOOST HILTERMANN: Well, the danger is that if they do not call for an extension by Monday and work toward the Aug. 15 deadline that they will put something on paper that is only a skeleton of what ought to be there and that later detail is going to be added through some mechanism through some time down the line.
We don't know when -- when maybe there's no political pressure on any of the communities to do so. And these communities are at the moment heavily divided. They don't have any great pressure to come together anyway. The only thing that unites them now is the pressure to draft this constitution.
MARGARET WARNER: Why do you think, Mr. Rubin, the United States is pressing so hard? When al-Jaafari was here a month ago, Condoleezza Rice and others, it was very clear, had the made the point don't let this deadline slide. We just heard Secretary Rumsfeld very publicly say don't let the deadline slide. Why is the Bush administration pushing so hard?
MICHAEL RUBIN: Well, on one hand again I don't believe there's a belief that a delay will add anything qualitative. Whether that's true or not is irrelevant. There's that belief. Number two: We'd like to see the Iraqis get on with their political process; after the constitution is written there will be a couple months of education and then there will be a national election after the constitutional referendum, but also a lot of U.S. domestic pressure plays into this.
We're talking -- Secretary Rumsfeld was talking about withdrawing some troops in 2006. Well, that's approaching the midterm congressional elections and people are going to be starting to think about the 2008 presidential elections so a lot depends on the domestic debate also in the United States.
MARGARET WARNER: I think you were referring to General Casey, but what he said today he seemed to imply that this was a prerequisite for them any kind of timetable for withdrawing U.S. troops.
MICHAEL RUBIN: Correct. But I would also argue that sometimes there's this belief that the insurgency and the constitutional process are linked. Some people would argue that if there's a delay in the constitutional process, it's going to worsen the insurgency. I'm really not sure that there's any evidence that will support that.
Insurgencies can happen in democracies. Insurgencies can happen for any number of reasons and it will be difficult -- and most of the insurgents don't have a political platform. They're not standing for something. People aren't going to say we're frustrated with our politicians so we're going to side with the insurgents instead. And the insurgents aren't doing anything to help ordinary Iraqis; they're not building wells.
MARGARET WARNER: What's your view of that, Mr. Hiltermann, because Zalmay Khalilzad, the new Iraqi ambassador or U.S. ambassador to Iraq said just last month if we have a constitution, see a constitution, we will fundamentally undermine the insurgency. Do you think there's a connection between getting a handle on the insurgency and getting a constitution and a new government in position?
JOOST HILTERMANN: Well, I think that the insurgency is going to be with us for a long time, possibly ten years. At the same time there is no way to defeat the insurgency by military means alone. We need to have a legitimate political process, a legitimate government in power, one that is elected in elections in which all Iraqis participate and one community, the Sunni Arabs, do not absent themselves like they did last time.
And that will only happen if they come together around the issue of the constitution so in that sense, yes, these issues are linked. But it's not that when we have a constitution and maybe we have new elections then suddenly we see a dip in the insurgency, I doubt it very much.
MARGARET WARNER: So what are -- what do you think are the toughest sticking points? I mean the ones that are mentioned all the time are the role of Islam, the rights of women, and the degree of autonomy that's given to the different ethnic regions of the country, which one do you think has the potential for being a deal breaker?
JOOST HILTERMANN: Well, the most difficult issue without any shadow of a doubt is the question of federalism and how much power the regions are going to get. In this case we're talking about the Kurdistan region and possibly the rest of Iraq or possibly other regions within the rest of Iraq. That hasn't been decided yet either. We're talking about division of powers, distribution of oil wealth, for example --
MARGARET WARNER: Because the Kurdish regions have oil.
JOOST HILTERMANN: -- that's right.
MARGARET WARNER: The Shiite regions have oil and the Sunni area does not.
JOOST HILTERMANN: Not for the moment. There's exploration going on. Who knows in the future, but for now the Sunni-Arab perspective is very clearly that they're going to be cut out from the oil wealth of Iraq. If the Kurdistan get their region, maybe the Shiites get their region in the South. What's left for them? So this is going to be a deal breaker for sure.
MARGARET WARNER: What do you think is the toughest?
MICHAEL RUBIN: I would largely agree that federalism is the key issue. The Kurds haven't really enunciated the difference between federalism and autonomy. Federalism any number of issues can come into play, who mans the borders, whether it's the Iraqi army or whether it's the Kurds themselves.
Likewise, as Joost said, the division of oil revenues; the Shiites have oil. The Kurds have oil and the Sunnis at this point in time pretty much only have nationalism with very little else.
MARGARET WARNER: Do they get to keep their own militias? That's also related.
MICHAEL RUBIN: That is, and who will subsidize those militias, whether they will have to pay for them themselves or whether the central government will play. The religion question can be folded in, in a lot of ways to federalism because, for example, let's be blunt. The Kurds like their whiskey with dinner. Culturally they enjoy it.
And in certain more Islamist parts at the Shia South people ban alcohol. There's actually been liquor stores that have been firebombed. If -- with federalism, if we're talking about how much local power, how much is dictated by the center and how much is locally derived, if you have federal regions in the south, for example, then they can decide we're going to ban alcohol in these three provinces and that solves the religious issues.
MARGARET WARNER: And that also connects to the rights of women, does it not?
JOOST HILTERMANN: Absolutely, yes. At the moment there is language in the draft constitution -- but there are many drafts floating around -- to suggest that critical issues like marriage and divorce be based on the family law according to the religious sect to which one belongs, and if that's the case, then there will be more severe restrictions on women's rights than we have seen under the previous regime.
And so it's a serious setback. Unfortunately there's not a strong women's lobby inside Iraq at the moment that can fight either through the constitutional committee or through the transitional national assembly to change that.
MARGARET WARNER: A final brief question, and you alluded to this earlier but when Laith Kubba, the spokesman for the Iraqi government, was here in town with al-Jaafari, he did suggest that maybe they come up with a framework by Aug. 15 and kick the can down the road particularly on federalism, maybe try to fill in the details as Ed Wong said before Aug. 15. Do you think that's a bad idea?
JOOST HILTERMANN: I think it's very important that the difficult decisions are taken as soon as possible because of the deep rifts that exist in Iraqi society now. Everybody is looking toward the leaders of their communities to bring Iraq back together. If that fails then I think the insurgents will win.
MARGARET WARNER: What do you think of that idea: Framework and fill it in later?
MICHAEL RUBIN: I don't think it will particularly work well. The Kurds traditionally don't trust the central government, and they're not going to be willing to kick this can down the road.
MARGARET WARNER: All right. Thank you very much. Michael Rubin, Joost Hiltermann, thanks.


text:
package org.deepjava.ssa;

import org.deepjava.ssa.instruction.SSAInstruction;

public class LineNrSSAInstrPair implements SSAInstructionMnemonics {
	public int bca;	// instruction address in bytecode
	public int lineNr;	// line number in source file
	public SSAInstruction ssaInstr;	// ssa instruction

	/**
	 * creates a line number pair consisting of a byte code address and a SSA instruction
	 * @param bca
	 * @param lineNr
	 * @param instr
	 */
	public LineNrSSAInstrPair(int bca, int lineNr, SSAInstruction instr){
		this.bca = bca;
		this.lineNr = lineNr;
		this.ssaInstr = instr;
	}

	@Override
	public String toString(){
		if (ssaInstr == null)
			return "bytecode line: " + bca + " <=> " + "source line: " + lineNr + " has no SSAInstruction";
		if (ssaInstr.machineCodeOffset == -1)
			return "bytecode line: " + bca + " <=> " + "source line: " + lineNr + " <=> ssa instruction: " + ssaInstr.result.n;
		return "bytecode line: " + bca + " <=> source line: " + lineNr + " <=> ssa instruction:" + ssaInstr.result.n + " <=> code " + ssaInstr.machineCodeOffset;
	}

}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Protect your physician and administrative professionals by knowing the signs and strategies to mitigate burnout.
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CREEC is a membership organization that has the goal of ensuring that everyone can fully and independently participate in our nation's civic life without discrimination based on race, gender, disability, religion, national origin, sexual orientation, or gender identity. As our name suggests, CREEC promotes this goal through education — member input, instructional materials, individual advocacy, persuasion, hectoring, humor, collaboration, and animated YouTube videos — and enforcement, that is, investigating and filing lawsuits. Amy Robertson and her husband, Tim Fox, co-founded CREEC in 2013. Amy received her law degree from Yale Law School in 1988 and her B.A. from Swarthmore College in 1983. She lived in Taiwan between college and law school and still speaks conversational Mandarin Chinese. Following law school, Amy clerked for the Hon. Richard L. Williams of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia. From 1996 to 2013, she and Tim were the plaintiffs' civil rights firm of Fox & Robertson.


text:
Cerceris flavilabris é uma espécie de insetos himenópteros, mais especificamente de vespas pertencente à família Crabronidae.
A autoridade científica da espécie é Fabricius, tendo sido descrita no ano de 1793.

Trata-se de uma espécie presente no território português.

Referências

Ligações externas
 Cerceris flavilabris - Biodiversity Heritage Library - Bibliografia
 Cerceris flavilabris - NCBI Taxonomy Database
 Cerceris flavilabris - Global Biodiversity Information Facility
 Cerceris flavilabris - Encyclopedia of Life

Himenópteros de Portugal
flavilabris
Animais descritos em 1793

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Tuesday Tunesday #37 | Tim Rogers & The Bamboos – Easy
Lance Ferguson (of The Bamboos) & Tim Rogers (of You Am I) are a match made in heaven. Both are prestigiously talented musicians and whilst there is an age (and genre) gap, I think they're very much on the same wave length.
Tim has been around the block, (probably a few times) and knows the rock n' roll scene back to front. He knows what he likes and the music that he wants to make. Lance is the same, but comes from a funk, soul background leading the nine piece Bamboos around the block for the last 15 years.
Of course, they collaborated a few years back with I Got Burned, a cheeky little track that finally exposed The Bamboos to a wider audience through high rotation on triple j. Now, three years on, the band have held off until Rogers was available so they could create a whole album with him.
If this opening track is anything to go on, it'll be a cracker! Easy is a driving rock/funk song with a fantastic breakdown and expert production. What else would you expect?
This will be a fun album and a rad tour. They're heading around the country in June/July after the release of the album, Rules of Attraction on May 22.
Easy.
Tagged In: australian music, Easy, I got Burned, Lance Ferguson, melbourne, Rules of Attraction, The Bamboos, Tim Rogers, triple j, tuesday, Tuesday Tunesday, You Am I
Tuesday Tunesday #7 | The Hilltop Hoods – Through The Dark
Thorpey shows he is made of more than big feet…


text:
Therapeutic effects of amla in medicine and dentistry: A review
Harpreet Singh Grover, Himanshu Deswal, Yogender Singh, Amit Bhardwaj
Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Sciences, SGT University, Gurgaon, Haryana, India
Himanshu Deswal
Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Sciences, SGT University, Gurgaon, Haryana
Emblica officinalis (Amla) is widely used in the Indian system of medicine and believed to increase defense against diseases. Amla is called amalaki in Sanskrit. It is one of the oldest oriental medicines mentioned in Ayurveda as potential remedy for assorted ailments. A wide range of phytochemical components present in amla including alkaloids, tannins, and flavonoids have been shown to procure useful biological activities. It is an ingredient of many Ayurvedic medicines and tonics as it removes excessive salivation and internal body heat. Research has been done with amla evaluating its role as an antioxidant. Amla is useful in ulcer prevention, for diabetic patients, and for memory effects. Amla Tonic has a hematinic and lipalytic function useful in scurvy, prevents indigestion, and controls acidity as well as it is a natural source of anti-aging.
Keywords: Alternative therapy, amla, dentistry
Grover HS, Deswal H, Singh Y, Bhardwaj A. Therapeutic effects of amla in medicine and dentistry: A review. J Oral Res Rev 2015;7:65-8
Grover HS, Deswal H, Singh Y, Bhardwaj A. Therapeutic effects of amla in medicine and dentistry: A review. J Oral Res Rev [serial online] 2015 [cited 2023 Feb 1];7:65-8. Available from: https://www.jorr.org/text.asp?2015/7/2/65/172498
Name of the Medicinal Plant: Phyllanthus emblica Linn. (syn. Emblica officinalis)
Family: Euphorbiaceae
Common name: Indian gooseberry or Amla [1]
Emblica officinalis (EO) enjoys a hallowed position in Ayurveda an Indian indigenous system of medicine. According to believe in ancient Indian mythology, it is the first tree to be created in the universe. It belongs to family Euphorbiaceae. It is also named as amla, Phyllanthus emblica, or Indian gooseberry. The species is native to India and also grows in tropical and subtropical regions including Pakistan, Uzbekistan, Sri Lanka, South East Asia, China, and Malaysia. The fruits of EO are widely used in the Ayurveda and are believed to increase defense against diseases. It has its beneficial role in cancer, diabetes, liver treatment, heart trouble, ulcer, anemia, and various other diseases. Similarly, it has the application as antioxidant, immunomodulatory, antipyretic, analgesic, cytoprotective, antitussive, and gastroprotective. In addition, it is useful in memory enhancing, ophthalmic disorders, and lowering cholesterol level. It is often used in the form of triphala, which is an herbal formulation containing fruits of EO, Terminalia chebula, and Terminalia belerica in equal proportions. [2] The presence of microbial contaminants may affect the efficacy and stability of the active compounds. This may also lead to the spoilage of traditional herbal preparations and pharmaceutical drugs to which they are added. Further, the presence of pathogenic microorganisms in plant materials can precariously affect the human health. [3]
Chemical Constituents
EO primarily contains tannins, alkaloids, phenolic compounds, amino acids, and carbohydrates. Its fruit juice contains the highest Vitamin C (478.56 mg/100 mL). The fruit when blended with other fruits, boosted their nutritional quality in terms of Vitamin C content. [4] Compounds isolated from EO were gallic acid, ellagic acid, 1-O-galloyl-beta-D-glucose, 3, 6-di-O-galloyl-D-glucose, chebulinic acid, quercetin, chebulagic acid, corilagin, 1, 6-di-O-galloyl beta D glucose, 3-ethylgallic acid (3-ethoxy-4, 5-dihydroxy benzoic acid), and isostrictiniin. [5] P. emblica also contains flavonoids, kaempferol-3-O-alpha-L-(6"- methyl)-rhamnopyranoside, and kaempferol-3-O-alpha-L-(6"-ethyl)-rhamnopyranoside. [6] A new acylated apigenin glucoside (apigenin-7-O-(6" - butyryl-beta-glucopyranoside) was isolated from the methanolic extract of the leaves of P. emblica together with the known compounds; gallic acid, methyl gallate, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6-penta-O-galloylglucose, and luteolin-4'-O-neohesperiodoside were also reported [Table 1] and [Table 2]. [7]
Table 1: Shows constituents found in Emblica officinalis
Table 2: Shows average percentage composition of the fruit pulp of Emblica officinalis
The Ayurvedic Description of Amla
The fruit has these properties using the Ayurvedic classifications:
Rasa (taste): Sour and astringent are the most dominant, but the fruit has five tastes, including sweet, bitter, and pungent
Veerya (nature): Cooling
Vipaka (taste developed through digestion): Sweet
Guna (qualities): Light, dry
Doshas (effect on humors): Quietens all three doshas: Vata, kapha, pitta, and is especially effective for pitta.
Commercially available as:
Chyavanaprash
Amla murabba. [8]
Medical Implications
Healing options
Amla protects cells against free radical damage and provides antioxidant protection
Amla is used to treat skin disorders, respiratory infections, and premature aging
Amla is useful in hemorrhage, diarrhea, dysentery, and has therapeutic value in treating diabetes
Amla has antibacterial and astringent properties that help to prevent infection and help in the healing of ulcers
Amla is sometimes used as a laxative to relieve constipation in piles.
One reason for amla's reputation as a general energy-promoting, disease-preventing tonic may be its effect on the immune system. Multiple studies have shown significant increases in white blood cell counts, and other measures of strengthened immunity in rodents given amla.
Indian gooseberry is beneficial in the treatment of respiratory disorders. It is especially valuable in tuberculosis of lungs asthma and bronchitis.
This herb, due to its high Vitamin C content, is effective in controlling diabetes. A tablespoon of its juice mixed with a cup of bitter gourd juice, taken daily for 2 months will stimulate the pancreas and enable is to secrete insulin, thus reducing the blood sugar in diabetes. Diet restrictions should be strictly observed while taking this medicine. It will also prevent eye complication in diabetes.
Heart disorder
Indian gooseberry is considered an effective remedy for heart disease. It tones up the functions of all the organs of the body and builds up health by destroying the heterogeneous or harmful and disease causes elements. It also renews energy.
The juice of Indian gooseberry with honey is useful in preserving eyesight. It is beneficial in the treatment of conjunctivitis and glaucoma. It reduces intraocular tension in a remarkable manner. Juice mixed with honey can be taken twice daily for this condition.
Indian gooseberry has revitalizing effects, as it contains an element which is very valuable in preventing aging and in maintaining strength in old age. It improves body resistance and protects the body against infection. It strengthens the heart, hair, and different gland in the body.
Amla/treats hypertension
Amla is rich in Vitamin C and helps control blood pressure. You can have it as amla choorna (powder) or in the form of triphala tablets or decoction. Triphala, a combination of amla and two other herbs is an excellent medication for high blood pressure.
Natural cure for anemia
Amla is rich in Vitamin C or ascorbic acid, an essential ingredient that helps in the absorption of Iron. Supplements of amla can be very beneficial to patients suffering from Iron deficiency Anemia. [9]
Nature has gifted us with defensive antioxidant mechanisms-superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione (GSH), GSH peroxidases, reductase, Vitamin E (tocopherols and tocotrienols), Vitamin C, etc., along with several dietary components. Higher consumption of components/nutrients with antioxidant capabilities has been associated with lower frequency of numerous human morbidities or mortalities are per many epidemiological studies. Diverse potential applications of antioxidant/free radical manipulations in prevention or control of disease has been revealed by ongoing research. Natural products from dietary components such as Indian spices and medicinal plants are known to possess antioxidant activity. [1] The study by Poltanov et al. investigated the chemistry and antioxidant properties of EO fruit extracts. Extracts produced positive responses in the total phenol, total flavonoid, and total tannin assays. [10]
Excellent source of Vitamin C
Amla is the most concentrated form of Vitamin C found in the plant kingdom, and when the whole fruit is used rather than an active ingredient, the Vitamin C is easily assimilated by the human body. [11],[12] The Vitamin C in the amla fruit is bonded with tannins that protect it from being destroyed by heat or light.
Enhances food absorption
The regular use of Amla-Berry can strengthen digestion, absorption, and assimilation of food. People taking it and notice that they enjoy the taste of food better. It enhances all thirteen digestive fires (Agni). However, it works more slowly and gently than ginger or other digestion-enhancing herbs, so it can be taken by people with a lot of Pitta without fear of creating excess stomach acid. In addition, it improves assimilation of iron for healthy blood. [8]
Balances stomach acids
It improves digestion but does not heat the body; Amla-Berry is ideal for calming mild to moderate hyperacidity and other pitta-related digestive problems. [8]
Nourishes the brain and mental functioning
Amla-Berry is good for the brain. It is medhya nurturing for the mind and enhancing coordination among dhi (acquisition), dhriti (retention), and smriti (recall). It helps sharpen the intellect and mental functioning. It supports the nervous system and strengthens the senses. [13],[14]
Helps the urinary system
Because it enhances all the 13 agnis (digestive fires) and supports Apana Vata, Amla-Berry is especially supportive to the urinary system and can be helpful if you experience a mild burning sensation while urinating. It supports natural diuretic action but does not force water from the body like diuretic pills. In other words, it helps to eliminate waste from the body but does not overstimulate the urinary system.
Good for the skin
Because Amla-Berry strengthens digestion, helps the liver detoxify, and is rich in Vitamin C and other minerals, it is very good for the complexion. Amla-Berry moisturizes the skin, cleanses the tissues of toxins, and supports immunity of the skin against bacterial infection. It helps to enhance glow and luster. [8]
Promotes healthier hair
Amla-Berry boosts absorption of calcium, thus creating healthier bones, teeth, nails, and hair. It also helps to maintain youthful hair color and retards premature graying, and supports the strength of the hair follicles, so there is less thinning with age. The crushed fruits have a good effect on hair growth and prevent hair graying.
Acts as a body coolant
Although Amla-Berry is good for all doshas and seasons, it is especially effective in the hot season to cool pitta dosha. It is especially good rasayana for people with pitta and vata body types. In Tibetan medicine, the fruit has been described as having a sour taste with cooling potency.
It is used medicinally for the treatment of diarrhea. As a fruit decoction, it is mixed with sour milk and given by the natives in cases of dysentery. The bark partakes of the astringency of the fruit. A decoction and evaporation of the root solution produces an astringent extract equal to catechu. An infusion of the leaves with fenugreek seed is given for chronic diarrhea. [8]
Dental Implications
The roots of EO (10 g) are grinded and taken twice daily for 1-day only after taking food. Alternatively, the leaves of EO are squeezed, and the juice is extracted. This juice is put in the ear (a few drops) to find relief from a toothache. A final alternative is to grind the node of an EO and mix it with water. After vigorous stirring, it is filtered through a cloth. This water is put drop by drop in the right ear if the teeth on the left-hand side are in pain and vice versa. The remedy is continuing for 3 days. [15]
Scurvy
As an extremely rich source of Vitamin C, Indian gooseberry is one of the best remedy for scurvy. Powder of the dry herb, mixed with an equal quantity of sugar, can be taken in doses of one teaspoon, thrice daily with milk. [9]
A decoction of the leaves is used as a chemical-free bactericidal mouthwash. Bark of the root mixed with honey is applied to inflammations of the mouth, and a decoction of the leaves is also useful as a mouthwash in the treatment of aphthae. Another remedy suggests root bark rubbed with honey is used in aphthous stomatitis (an inflammation of the mouth). [15]
EO scientifically is the most widely used herb in the Ayurvedic system of medicine. Amla has said to be useful against many severe diseases, including diabetes, respiratory disorder, diarrhea, heart diseases, and dental disease. Amla cleanses the mouth, strengthens the teeth. The presence of amla results in an enhanced cell survival, decreased free radical production, and higher antioxidant levels. There are various classic Ayurvedic preparations, such as Chyawanprash, in which amla is used as a chief ingredient. It helps to improve intelligence and memory power. Triphala and Brahma Rasayana are other classic medicine in which amla is being used since time immemorial. Amla should be used in various forms and preparations by dental patients for the maintenance of oral hygiene.
Bhandari PR, Kamdod MA. Emblica officinalis (Amla): A review of potential therapeutic applications. Int J Green Pharm 2012;6:257-69.
Khan KH. Roles of Emblica officinalis in medicine - A review. Bot Res Int 2009;2:218-28.
Khattak KF. Proximate composition, phytochemical profile and free radical scavenging activity of radiation processed Emblica officinalis. Int Food Res J 2013;20:1125-31.
Jain SK, Khurdiya DS. Vitamin C enrichment of fruit juice based ready-to-serve beverages through blending of Indian gooseberry (Emblica officinalis Gaertn.) juice. Plant Foods Hum Nutr 2004;59:63-6.
Zhang LZ, Zhao WH, Guo YJ, Tu GZ, Lin S, Xin LG. Studies on chemical constituents in fruits of Tibetan medicine Phyllanthus emblica. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 2003;28:940-3.
Rehman H, Yasin KA, Choudhary MA, Khaliq N, Rahman A, Choudhary MI, et al. Studies on the chemical constituents of Phyllanthus emblica. Nat Prod Res 2007;21:775-81.
El-Desouky SK, Ryu SY, Kim YK. A new cytotoxic acylated apigenin glucoside from Phyllanthus emblica L. Nat Prod Res 2008;22:91-5.
Singh E, Sharma S, Pareek A, Dwivedi J, Yadav S, Sharma S. Phytochemistry, traditional uses and cancer chemopreventive activity of Amla (Phyllanthus emblica): The sustainer. J Appl Pharm Sci 2011;2:176-83.
Kumar KP, Bhowmik D, Dutta A, Yadav AP, Paswan S, Srivastava S, et al. Recent trends in potential traditional Indian herbs Emblica officinalis and its medicinal importance. J Pharmacogn Phytochem 2012;1:18-28.
Poltanov EA, Shikov AN, Dorman HJ, Pozharitskaya ON, Makarov VG, Tikhonov VP, et al. Chemical and antioxidant evaluation of Indian gooseberry (Emblica officinalis Gaertn. syn. Phyllanthus emblica L.) supplements. Phytother Res 2009;23:1309-15.
Nisha P, Singhal RS, Pandit AB. A study on degradation kinetics of ascorbic acid in amla (Phyllanthus emblica L.) during cooking. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2004;55:415-22.
Gopalan C, Sastri BV, Balasubramaniam SC. Nutritive Value of Indian Foods. Hyderabad, India: NIN; 1991.
Reddy VD, Padmavathi P, Kavitha G, Gopi S, Varadacharyulu N. Emblica officinalis ameliorates alcohol-induced brain mitochondrial dysfunction in rats. J Med Food 2011;14:62-8.
Vasudevan M, Parle M. Memory enhancing activity of Anwala churna (Emblica officinalis Gaertn.): An Ayurvedic preparation. Physiol Behav 2007;91:46-54.
Kumar A, Singh A, Dora J. Essentials perspectives for Emblica officinalis. Int J Pharm Chem Sci 2012;1:11-8.
[Table 1], [Table 2]
1 PHARMACOLOGICAL POTENTIAL OF POLYHERBAL AYURVEDIC FORMULATIONS – A REVIEW
ATHIRA R NATH, VISHESH AWASTHI, THAMARA K, SOWMYA KUMAR
Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research. 2022; : 14
2 Intermittent Fasting on the Ekadashi Day and the Role of Spiritual Nutrition
M.R. Suchitra,S. Parthasarathy
Current Research in Nutrition and Food Science Journal. 2021; 9(1): 122
3 Efficacy of Improvised Topical Zinc (1%) Ora-Base on Oral Mucositis during Cancer Chemo-Radiation—A Randomized Study
Nallan CHAITANYA,Rajkumar BADAM,Ankisetti Srikanth ARYASRI,Srinivasrao PALLARLA,Komali GARLPATI,Mule AKHILA,Pratima SONI,Sanju GALI,Pavitra INAMDAR,Bontala PARINITA,Khadija ZAHEER,Thirupathi PRABHATH,Alugubelli SWETHA
Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology. 2020; 66(2): 93
4 Impact of herbs on immunomodulation in diabetes mellitus
KJ Malagi
Journal of Diabetes, Metabolic Disorders & Control. 2018; 5(2): 74
Grover HS
Deswal H
Singh Y
Bhardwaj A
Chemical Constit...
The Ayurvedic De...
[TAG2]


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text:
The One Device that Will Solve Your Home Audio Needs
The Sonos Music System multi-room audio suite will change the way you listen to music. But only if you take it out of your closet.
Chris Philpot
You can't imagine how many of my friends are amazed when I show them what the Sonos multiroom music system actually does. Like me, usually they've heard about it, but they don't get why I need a box to connect my iPod to an AV system. It turns out that Sonos ($999 for two-room system with controller; sonos.com) is the most misunderstood electronic device I've ever tested. In fact, it sat in my closet for six months before I ran out of things to do one weekend and decided to check it out. Now I own Sonos systems in both my homes, as well as in my offices. Along with my BlackBerry and Lenovo, it may be one of the electronic devices I can't do without.
Sonos connects to your existing stereo equipment (or you can add speakers to a Sonos receiver with a built-in amplifier and use it as a stand-alone system) and lets you stream music wirelessly throughout the house. You can install up to 32 units, creating what Sonos refers to as zones. Each can access music on your computer or MP3 player, but better than that, Sonos can play music from Web sites like Last.fm or Pandora, satellite and Internet radio, or — the way I use it most — a Rhapsody or Napster music subscription. Zones can be combined or discrete, so I can listen to my recently discovered reggae tribute to the Rolling Stones in every room or to nonstop Neil Young in my home office while Chloe (the kid) listens to the Sirius top 20 in her bedroom. For our annual New Year's Eve party in Telluride, Colorado, we queued up enough music for more hours of dancing than the limited amount of oxygen 10,000 feet of altitude allows for. While the adults wheezed their way through Cannibal & the Headhunters, the kids were listening to Kanye West in the den.
Recently Sonos added some major upgrades. Along with the somewhat cumbersome $400 controller, now you can operate your system via a free software app on your Apple iPhone or iPod Touch. It's much faster, since it uses a touch screen instead of the old-fashioned scroll wheel. The other big addition is access to more than 15,000 free radio stations throughout the world. When Sweetie (the wife) and I were especially fearful of a McCain/Palin victory, we would listen to stations from Cape Town and Vancouver, two of our top choices for relocation.
With all of these options and our Rhapsody subscription ($13 a month; $15 if you want to download any of the five million songs to an MP3 player), Sweetie and I are always finding new music to listen to. Sweetie will come home after hearing a singer interviewed on NPR in the car (by the way, just type "Diane Rehm" into the Sonos controller and you can start listening to her show on the next available radio station), and 30 seconds later we'll be listening to the singer throughout the house while I shake martinis and Sweetie sautés bay scallops. And if we hate it, we just dial in another recent discovery: a reggae tribute album to Bob Dylan.
Barry Sonnenfeld is a television producer and the director of Men in Black and Get Shorty.
Four Gadgets Better Left in Your Closet
DIGITAL MAN:The Best Gadgets for You
Bitcoin Wound Up Being Just As Broken as the Corrupt Banking System It Was Trying to Kill
The Hold Steady's 10 Rock Albums Every Man Should Own
Matthew Weiner Bets on Mixed Reviews for the End of Mad Men
Why You Don't Need iCloud


text:
Q: SQLite: Summary data of a query result I have the following query that provides me with the 10 most recent records in the database:
SELECT
    dpDate AS Date,
    dpOpen AS Open,
    dpHigh AS High,
    dpLow AS Low,
    dpClose AS Close
FROM DailyPrices
WHERE dpTicker = 'DL.AS'
ORDER BY dpDate DESC
LIMIT 10;

The result of this query is as follows:
bash-3.2$ sqlite3 myData < Queries/dailyprice.sql
Date        Open        High        Low         Close
----------  ----------  ----------  ----------  ----------
2016-06-13  4.0         4.009       3.885       3.933
2016-06-10  4.23        4.236       4.05        4.08
2016-06-09  4.375       4.43        4.221       4.231
2016-06-08  4.406       4.474       4.322       4.35
2016-06-07  4.377       4.466       4.369       4.384
2016-06-06  4.327       4.437       4.321       4.353
2016-06-03  4.34        4.428       4.316       4.335
2016-06-02  4.434       4.51        4.403       4.446
2016-06-01  4.51        4.512       4.317       4.399
2016-05-31  4.613       4.67        4.502       4.526
bash-3.2$

Whilst I need to plot the extracted data, I also need to obtain the following summary data of the dataset:

*

*Minimum date ==> 2016-05-31

*Maximum date ==> 2016-06-13

*Open value at minimum date ==> 4.613

*Close value at maximum date ==> 3.933

*Maximum of High column ==> 4.67

*Minimum of Low column ==> 3.885

How can I, as newbie, approach this issue?    Can this be done in one query?
Thanks for pointing me in the right direction.
Best regards,
GAM

A: The desired output can be achieved with

*

*aggregate functions on a convenient common table expression,
which uses OPs expression verbatim

*OPs method, with limit 1 applied to common table expression,
for getting mindate and maxdate among the ten days

Query:
WITH Ten(Date,Open,High,Low,Close) AS
(SELECT dpDate  AS Date,
        dpOpen  AS Open,
        dpHigh  AS High,
        dpLow   AS Low,
        dpClose AS Close
 FROM DailyPrices
 WHERE dpTicker = 'DL.AS'
 ORDER BY dpDate DESC LIMIT 10)

SELECT min(Date) AS mindate,
       max(Date) AS maxdate,
       (SELECT Open  FROM Ten ORDER BY Date ASC  LIMIT 1) AS Open,
       max(High) AS High,
       min(Low)  AS Low,
       (SELECT Close FROM Ten ORDER BY Date DESC LIMIT 1) AS Close
FROM Ten;

Output (.headers on and .mode column):
mindate     maxdate     Open        High        Low         Close
----------  ----------  ----------  ----------  ----------  ----------
2016-05-31  2016-06-13  4.613       4.67        3.885       3.933

Note:
I think the order of values in OPs last comment do not match the order of columns in the preceding comment by OP.
I chose the order from the preceding comment.
The  order in the last comment seems to me to be "mindate, maxdate, Open, Close, High, Low".
Adapting my proposed query to that order would be simple.
Using SQLite 3.18.0 2017-03-28 18:48:43
Here is the .dump of my toy database, i.e. my MCVE, in case something is unclear. (I did not enter the many decimal places, it is probably a float rounding thing.)
PRAGMA foreign_keys=OFF;
BEGIN TRANSACTION;
CREATE TABLE dailyPrices (dpDate date, dpOpen float, dpHigh float, dpLow float, dpClose float, dpTicker varchar(10));
INSERT INTO dailyPrices(dpDate,dpOpen,dpHigh,dpLow,dpClose,dpTicker) VALUES('2016-06-13',4.0,4.009000000000000341,3.8849999999999997868,3.9329999999999998294,'DL.AS');
INSERT INTO dailyPrices(dpDate,dpOpen,dpHigh,dpLow,dpClose,dpTicker) VALUES('2016-06-10',4.2300000000000004263,4.2359999999999997655,4.0499999999999998223,4.080000000000000071,'DL.AS');
INSERT INTO dailyPrices(dpDate,dpOpen,dpHigh,dpLow,dpClose,dpTicker) VALUES('2016-06-09',4.375,4.4299999999999997157,4.2210000000000000852,4.2309999999999998721,'DL.AS');
INSERT INTO dailyPrices(dpDate,dpOpen,dpHigh,dpLow,dpClose,dpTicker) VALUES('2016-06-08',4.4059999999999996944,4.4740000000000001989,4.3220000000000000639,4.3499999999999996447,'DL.AS');
INSERT INTO dailyPrices(dpDate,dpOpen,dpHigh,dpLow,dpClose,dpTicker) VALUES('2016-06-07',4.3769999999999997797,4.4660000000000001918,4.3689999999999997726,4.384000000000000341,'DL.AS');
INSERT INTO dailyPrices(dpDate,dpOpen,dpHigh,dpLow,dpClose,dpTicker) VALUES('2016-06-06',4.3269999999999999573,4.4370000000000002771,4.3209999999999997299,4.3529999999999997584,'DL.AS');
INSERT INTO dailyPrices(dpDate,dpOpen,dpHigh,dpLow,dpClose,dpTicker) VALUES('2016-06-03',4.3399999999999998578,4.4370000000000002771,4.3209999999999997299,4.3529999999999997584,'DL.AS');
INSERT INTO dailyPrices(dpDate,dpOpen,dpHigh,dpLow,dpClose,dpTicker) VALUES('2016-06-02',4.4340000000000001634,4.5099999999999997868,4.4029999999999995807,4.4459999999999997299,'DL.AS');
INSERT INTO dailyPrices(dpDate,dpOpen,dpHigh,dpLow,dpClose,dpTicker) VALUES('2016-06-01',4.5099999999999997868,4.5119999999999995665,4.3170000000000001705,4.3990000000000000213,'DL.AS');
INSERT INTO dailyPrices(dpDate,dpOpen,dpHigh,dpLow,dpClose,dpTicker) VALUES('2016-05-31',4.6130000000000004334,4.6699999999999999289,4.5019999999999997797,4.525999999999999801,'DL.AS');
COMMIT;

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text:
Care and Treatment of the Jewish Blind in the City of New York (Classic Reprint) (Paperback)
By Florina Lasker
Excerpt from Care and Treatment of the Jewish Blind in the City of New York
Between two groups of this latter body, there arose differences of opinion as to policies and methods, which finally had their climax in the withdrawal of one group from the Council and in their separate organization and later incorporation as the Guild for the Jewish Blind, with Objects and purposes similar to those Of the parent body. The Council continued its Committee, but its work for the blind since that time has become of minor importance.
But further disharmony arose in the field after the organization of the Guild. There existed at that time a group of blind Jewish people of the East Side who felt that the problems of the blind were not being adequately handled by the existing agencies. Taking the position that the blind themselves had never been given a fair share in the management of their own problems and determining that, henceforward they would take an important part in the direction of their own affairs, this group of blind persons resolved to form an agency of their own and founded The Hebrew Association for the Blind - the fourth specialized agency to enter the field.
Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com
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text:
Wie Climbs Into Contention
PALM COAST, Fla. (AP) -- Michelle Wie, the 13-year-old Hawaiian golf prodigy, shot a 1-under-par 71 Wednesday and was three shots off the lead after the second round of the U.S. Women's Amateur Public Links Championship.
Wie, already qualified to play in the U.S. Women's Open, rebounded from a 73 in the first round, and pulled even for the tournament. After two rounds, she was third behind Virada Nirapathpongporn of Thailand.
Wie started off well, making two birdies on the front nine while avoiding any bogeys. She added two birdies on the backside, but her round suffered from four penalty strokes.
Wie bogeyed Nos. 13, 15 and 16, but saved par on her last two holes.
Play was delayed early Wednesday because of rain and then suspended because of darkness with 30 players still on the course. Players will finish the second round of stroke play Thursday morning, then move to the first round of match play.
Before the storms hit, Wie enjoyed a gallery of nearly 200 spectators. When play resumed, however, just a handful remained.
'It was kind of strange,' she said. 'All of the people were noisy and alive, and after the rain everything seemed so dead.'
Wie, playing in her fourth Public Links, first qualified at age 10 in 1999. She has played in two LPGA events.
Aimee Cho of Orlando was second, a shot off the lead.
Defending champion Annie Thurman is tied for fourth, four shots back.
Full-field scores from the U.S. Women's Amateur Public Links
Full coverage of the U.S. Women's Amateur Public Links
Diaz-Yi wins Women's Publinx by record margin
Lauren Diaz-Yi took home the trophy at the U.S. Women's Amateur Public Links, winning the final 10 & 9 over co-medalist Doris Chen.
Chen, Diaz-Yi advance to Women's Publinx final
Fresh off an NCAA team title last month with USC, Doris Chen will look to add a Women's Public Links trophy to her credit Saturday when she squares off in the final with 18-year-old Lauren Diaz-Yi.
At just 10 years old, diminutive Lucy Li fired rounds of 77 and 71 to become the youngest-ever to make the match play portion of the U.S. Women's Amateur Public Links.


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text:
from __future__ import absolute_import

from collections import OrderedDict
from uuid import uuid4

from django.template.loader import render_to_string
from django.utils.translation import ugettext_lazy as _

from nonefield.fields import NoneField

from fobi.base import FormElementPlugin

from . import UID
from .forms import ContentImageURLForm
from .settings import (
    FIT_METHOD_FIT_WIDTH,
    FIT_METHOD_FIT_HEIGHT,
)

__title__ = 'fobi.contrib.plugins.form_elements.content.content_image_url.base'
__author__ = 'Artur Barseghyan <artur.barseghyan@gmail.com>'
__copyright__ = '2014-2017 Artur Barseghyan'
__license__ = 'GPL 2.0/LGPL 2.1'
__all__ = ('ContentImageURLPlugin',)

class ContentImageURLPlugin(FormElementPlugin):
    """Content image plugin."""

    uid = UID
    name = _("Content image URL")
    group = _("Content")
    form = ContentImageURLForm

    def post_processor(self):
        """Post process data.

        Always the same.
        """
        self.data.name = "{0}_{1}".format(self.uid, uuid4())

    def get_raw_data(self):
        """Get raw data.

        Might be used in integration plugins.
        """
        return OrderedDict(
            (
                ('url', self.data.url),
                ('alt', self.data.alt),
                ('fit_method', self.data.fit_method),
                ('size', self.data.size),
            )
        )

    def get_rendered_image(self):
        """Get rendered image."""
        width, height = self.data.size.split('x')

        if FIT_METHOD_FIT_WIDTH == self.data.fit_method:
            thumb_size = (width, 0)
        elif FIT_METHOD_FIT_HEIGHT == self.data.fit_method:
            thumb_size = (0, height)
        else:
            thumb_size = (width, height)

        context = {
            'plugin': self,
            'thumb_size': thumb_size,
        }
        rendered_image = render_to_string(
            'content_image_url/render.html',
            context
        )
        return rendered_image

    def get_form_field_instances(self, request=None, form_entry=None,
                                 form_element_entries=None, **kwargs):
        """Get form field instances."""
        field_kwargs = {
            'initial': self.get_rendered_image(),
            'required': False,
            'label': '',
        }

        return [(self.data.name, NoneField, field_kwargs)]