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Головна > LEGAL BUSINESS > Articles
Winning a case against Russia: what's next and how to collect your money.
The pitfalls of enforcing decisions of national courts against the aggressor state
Olexiy Kharytonov «ILF, ЮФ» lawyer, head of litigation and partner
Ukraine's legal community believes right now that getting compensation for damages caused by Russia's military aggression through litigation in domestic courts is sufficiently feasible. It's expected that filing a claim against Russia with a Ukrainian court will allow citizens to collect non-pecuniary damages for forced displacement, death of a loved one, etc. (which cannot be done out of court), and business owners will be able to obtain compensation for losses and lost profits caused by the invasion. It seems simple enough – win your case against the terrorist state and get compensation – but it's very likely that enforcing judgments of national courts will be a more complicated and lengthy endeavor than winning the case itself. This is first and foremost due to obstacles present in international law. We examined how feasible it is to enforce judgments of Ukrainian courts involving Russia and how it can be accomplished.
The Ukrainian version of the material read at the link.
Current case law of the Supreme Court in cases against the aggressor state.
In April 2022, media reported that the Supreme Court (SC) adopted a new legal position regarding lawsuits filed against Russia by those affected by the war. Our country's highest judicial authority essentially gave courts the green light to examine cases on collecting damages where Russia is the respondent (the SC ruled that the aggressor state can no longer hide behind state immunity given the scale of damage it has caused).
It's worth recalling that prior to this, national courts were refusing to satisfy lawsuits against Russia concerning damage caused during the Anti-Terrorist Operation (Joint Forces Operation), citing Article 79 of the Law of Ukraine "On Private International Law".
This article states that a foreign state, including Russia, can be a respondent in legal proceedings conducted by a Ukrainian court only if a competent authority of that state in Ukraine (e.g. an embassy) agrees to this (in other words, state immunity to being sued). This rule is based on the sovereignty and realization of sovereign rights of every state ("an equal has no authority over an equal"). Since the Russian embassy wasn't giving its consent, it was impossible to sue Russia.
On May 18, 2022, the SC reiterated its stance that Russia no longer has immunity in Ukraine, citing additional arguments (case 760/17232/20), namely:
● Maintaining Russia's immunity would deprive plaintiffs of effective access to justice for the protection of their rights, which is incompatible with para 1, Article 6 of the European Convention on Human Rights (right to a fair trial).
● Russia's immunity does not apply here, in accordance with customary international law codified in the UN Convention on Jurisdictional Immunities of States and Their Property (2004). This international instrument contains a provision according to which a state cannot invoke immunity in cases involving a person's death or injury or damage to property if it was committed, in whole or in part, in the territory of the court's state and if the author of the act was in the court's state at the time (Article 12).
● Russia's actions have gone beyond its sovereign rights (which state immunity is aimed at protecting), as no state is entitled to military aggression against another state. Therefore, by launching an unprovoked full-scale invasion and committing genocide against the Ukrainian people, Russia has lost the right to state immunity.
We are seeing a rapidly developing case law in Ukraine that allows any individual and business owner, without prerequisites, to pursue litigation against Russia in Ukrainian courts concerning damages caused by Russia.
However, the most urgent problem right now, both for those who already won their case against the terrorist state and those who are still to file their claims, is how to collect the money awarded by the court – what needs to be done to enforce a judgment. There are two options here:
● enforcing judgments in Ukraine;
● enforcing judgments abroad.
Both scenarios have their caveats, so let's delve deeper and see what they are.
Enforcing judgments in Ukraine
Let's say, citizen A wins a case against Russia (in the first instance court right away), and the court rules that the aggressor state must pay UAH 1 million in non-pecuniary damages for causing the plaintiff's displacement from the temporarily occupied territory. Citizen A has no desire to deal with foreign jurisdictions or study foreign laws and international agreements on enforcement of judgments. He just wants to collect his money in his own country, using a legally valid court decision. So what's next?
It should be noted that the algorithm here is not much different from collecting a debt from an individual or legal person. So even with Russia as the debtor, enforcement mainly relies on the Civil Procedure Code (Section VI) and the Law of Ukraine "On Enforcement Proceedings" (hereinafter - the Law).
Thus, under current legislation, compulsory collection of funds from Russia (assuming it refuses to comply with the judgment) will involve the following steps:
● submitting an application for a writ of execution to the court that examined your case (it's on the basis of this document that the competent authority will be enforcing the judgment).
● submitting the writ of execution along with an application for compulsory enforcement of a court decision (para 1, part 1, Article 26 of the Law) to an office of the State Executive Service (state executor), because under the Law, private collection services may not enforce judgments where a state is the debtor (para 2, part 2, Article 5 of the Law).
Main difficulties and nuances of enforcing such judgments
● Right away there's the issue of determining the location of enforcement: according to the Law, enforcement is carried out by the state executor at the place of residence, temporary stay or work of the debtor, or where his property is located (part 1, Article 24 of the Law).
It follows that in order to determine in which office of the State Executive Service to initiate enforcement proceedings, you essentially have to perform a search for Russia's property located in Ukraine. You need to mention in your enforcement application that the debtor's property is located within the jurisdiction of the appropriate office of the State Executive Service (otherwise an application submitted to the wrong office will be returned to the applicant in accordance with para 10, part 4, Article 4 of the Law).
There arises a whole slew of additional questions as well: do you need to locate any Russian property in Ukraine or only property that can be used for collection purposes; how to manage this, given that there is no dedicated register of such property; what evidence must be provided to demonstrate that Russia is the owner of that property (for instance, is it sufficient to cite sources on the Internet), etc.
Current legislation provides no answers to these questions. This could be rectified with amendments to the Law "On Enforcement Proceedings" that would allow initiating enforcement proceedings at the place of registration/residence of the claimant (then state executors would be able to launch enforcement proceedings and search for Russia's property on their own).
● Russia's assets in Ukraine are insufficient to satisfy the claims of all individuals affected by the invasion. Russian assets are currently being seized under the Law "On Fundamental Principles of Compulsory Seizure in Ukraine of Property Belonging to the Russian Federation and Its Residents," but these assets go to the state of Ukraine. Individuals and business owners should not expect their compensation to be paid out of this pool. At the same time, there may be a mechanism in the future that will allow collecting money in this way.
In addition, the norm of customary law (Article 19 of the UN Convention on Jurisdictional Immunities of States and Their Property) limits the range of property that is subject to collection. According to this norm, enforcement may only be applied to property that is owned by the state (and not, for instance, by Russian oligarchs) and is used for government commercial purposes (thus, the property of Russian embassies or churches is used for non-commercial purposes, while that of a Russian bank is used for commercial purposes).
Given the difficulties in finding assets owned by Russia in Ukraine and their meager amount which obviously won't be enough for everyone, we can expect plaintiffs to seek satisfaction in foreign states.
Enforcing judgments abroad
As a rule, enforcement of judgments delivered by Ukrainian courts in a foreign state is done on the basis of international agreements (bilateral or multilateral) between Ukraine and foreign states or, in the absence of such agreements, based on the principle of reciprocity. The procedural law of the state of the court to which the person turns for enforcing the judgment will also apply here.
The person seeking to enforce a judgment against Russia abroad must apply to a foreign court for permission to enforce the judgment of a Ukrainian court / declaring said judgment enforceable (the name and format of the document may differ depending on the country's law). Under Ukrainian law, the issue of granting permission to enforce a foreign court's judgment must be examined by the court in whose jurisdiction the debtor's property in Ukraine is located (part 2, Article 464 of the Civil Procedure Code of Ukraine). Procedural law of other countries may contain similar provisions, so Ukrainians may still be forced to look for Russian assets in the relevant foreign state and then apply to the court that has jurisdiction over the area where said property is located.
It's also a distinct possibility that such applications will not be granted anyway, given the legislation of other countries and the case law of international courts (International Court of Justice, European Court of Human Rights).
Why it is likely that judgments of Ukrainian courts will not be enforced abroad
It's mainly because in most countries, states are immune to being sued. It's usually stated in the procedural law of these countries that judgments may not be enforced in the territory of a foreign state if this goes against public order (in other words, if it is contrary to the law of the court's state). A similar rule is found in international agreements on legal assistance in civil and criminal cases. Thus, if a country may be a respondent in Ukraine but not in another country, the foreign court will probably deny your application. An opinion is currently circulating among lawyers that courts of a country that is on good terms with Ukraine and has Russian assets could still permit enforcement even though declaring the judgment enforceable would mean going against public order). However, this doesn't seem feasible unless the relevant country changes its approach to having states act as respondents in another state's court.
Germany v. Italy: Greece intervening examined by the ICJ is a perfect example of a case that involves state immunity. The case concerned judgments delivered by Italian courts between 2004 and 2008 that awarded compensation to plaintiffs – victims of war crimes and crimes against humanity committed by the Third Reich during World War II (Germany was a respondent in Italian courts). In 2008, Germany instituted proceedings against Italy for violating Germany's immunity as a sovereign state and thus international law itself.
The ICJ ruled that neither international agreements nor international customary law allowed depriving states of immunity in cases involving acts which caused death, injury or property damage and which were committed in the territory of a court's state by the armed forces of another state in the context of an armed conflict.
As for the ECtHR, in most cases that dealt with the question whether one state can be a respondent in another state's court (McElhinney v. Ireland, Al-Adsani v. United Kingdom, Fogarty v. United Kingdom, etc.), the Court noted that while there is a trend in international law toward limiting states' immunity, such practice is not common and does not apply to acts committed by a state's military in another state's territory.
1. Judgments of Ukrainian courts against Russia can potentially be enforced in our country, but in order to enable victims of Russia's aggression to effectively uphold their rights in court and receive actual compensation, it's necessary to:
● Amend legislation governing enforcement proceedings (including in regards to the location of enforcement actions), as well as develop a simple and accessible procedure for enforcing decisions against the aggressor state.
● Introduce the option and develop a mechanism for collecting awarded compensation using Russian assets that have already been confiscated by Ukraine, in accordance with the Law "On Fundamental Principles of Compulsory Seizure in Ukraine of Property Belonging to the Russian Federation and Its Residents" (to spare individuals and business owners the hassle of having to search for Russian assets on their own).
2. Collecting compensation abroad is technically possible, but it would require the following:
● Changes in the case law of international courts (namely the ICJ and ECtHR) which would make it possible for one state to be a respondent in another state's courts when the armed forces of the former are responsible for war crimes, violation of fundamental principles and norms of international law and, consequently, for causing damage in the context of an armed conflict.
● Transformation of the position of foreign states, especially those that are friendly toward Ukraine, regarding the issue of state immunity to lawsuits and judgment enforcement, which would help Ukrainians obtain compensation using seized Russian assets abroad.
Tags: winning, case, russia, Ukraine, collect money, war, ILF, Olexiy Kharytonov
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The 9 at 9: Friday
Nine things you need to know by 9am: New ministers from north and south of the border meet for the first time today; more protests on the way in Syria, and the unthinkable…a Father Ted rip off.
By Emer McLysaght Friday 10 Jun 2011, 8:27 AM
Jun 10th 2011, 8:27 AM 2,844 Views 5 Comments
https://jrnl.ie/153015
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Every day, TheJournal.ie brings you nine things you really need to know with your morning coffee.
1.#NORTH-SOUTH The new cabinet and its northern counterpart will hold their first meeting at Farmleigh in Dublin today. Irish government ministers and the new Northern executive will likely discuss economic recovery and a commitment by the previous Irish government to part-fund road access to the North West. The Taoiseach and co. will be making the trip to Farmleigh on their trusty bus.
2.#BAILOUT Officials involved in Ireland's rescue package have expressed concern that the government might not go ahead with pushing through difficult reforms set out in the EU-IMF bailout plan. The ECB president says he's confident that Ireland can avoid the same fate as that which has met Greece. John Claude Trichet says Ireland's bailout plan can work.
3.#RTE The Director General of RTE has said that the station's highest earners will have seen their wages slashed by 30 per cent by 2013. The move means Pat Kenny will have seen a reduction of €285,000 in his wage packet, while Joe Duffy will be facing a drop of €122,000 on his 2008 salary.
4.#LEAVING CERT It's day three of Leaving Cert 2011 and today will see students sitting down to exams in Geography and the first Maths paper. Junior Cert Students are also sitting Maths and Geography today, as well as Environmental and Social Studies. Two-hundred-and-eighty prisoners are among those taking the state exams.
5. #IMF Today is the last day for nominations for the top job at the International Monetary Fund. French Finance Minister Christine Lagarde is still tipped to take it, with candidates from Mexico and Kazakhstan also in the running. Meanwhile, could Hillary Clinton be heading for the corner office at the World Bank?
6.#SYRIA Russia and China are leading the opposition to any UN sanctions against Syria. Britain, France, Germany and Portugal are backing a draft resolution condemning Damascus for its crackdown on anti-government protesters, but Russia and China are expected to veto. Brazil has warned that any draft resolution against Syria could inflame tensions in the region. Meanwhile demonstrators say they will stage more protests today.
7. #PALIN More than 24,000 pages of Sarah Palin's emails from her time as the governor of Alaska will be released later today. Copies of the correspondence were requested back in 2008 in order to find out more about the little-known candidate for vice-president. The New York Times and The Washington Post are among news outlets planning to crowd source the juicy bits.
#Open journalism No news is bad news Support The Journal
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8.#ASBOS FOR CATS Cats in several suburbs of Sydney are being put under a curfew in a bid to halt attacks on native wildlife. Vulnerable possums have been targeted by household pets and people are being asked to keep their moggies indoor after dark.
9. #FATHER TED Creators Graham Linehan and Arthur Mathews have reportedly expressed 'dismay' at a Father Ted rip-off heading for the Edinburgh Fringe Festival. A group of actors will recreate some of the show's most memorable moments, including the Craggy Island disco and a rendition of the Eurovision hit My Lovely Horse. See for yourself….
Emer McLysaght
@EmerTheScreamer
emer@dailyedge.ie
See more articles by Emer McLysaght
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In her quest to give more time to her fans, Julie Anne San Jose spent an afternoon of videoke at Centerstage- Timog yesterday with a group of bloggers and the lucky winners of her online contest. She shared about her beginnings as a musician, what she is like at home and the closest people to her right now in showbiz.
OK. I was about to fast forward to giving you the videos of that videoke session but I know you guys are intrigued on what could be her answer when she was asked who among his co-actors is she the closest in the entertainment industry. "Si Elmo (Magalona) po and si Alden (Richards)", she revealed. I hope that is a very satisfying answer.
Julie Anne's meet up with online writers came also as a post celebration of the Platinum Award she got for her self-titled debut album. Aside from reaching more than 30,000 in unit sales, another single from that album is also getting attention from radio listeners. "Bakit Ngayon" follows the footsteps of her album's first two hits "I'll Be There" and "Enough". The album is still available in major record stores nationwide.
Now, time for the videoke footages I promised earlier. These videos only prove that our real Cinderella talent has also the heart that feels for her fans.
Julie Anne singing "Super Bass"
for the Broadway re-run of Miss Saigon.
"I already have the slip actually pero nagkasakit po ako at di nako nakapunta", she shared.
I apologize for the poor video quality. There was only 1 light inside the videoke room.
A lucky fun gets to sing a Taylor Swift song with MyJaps!
Blogger Kristoff Cagape of www.metroarchive.blogspot.com acts (and sings) the Chris Brown role as he duets "With You" with Julie Anne.


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Q: Dropping duplicate strings when using group_concat in Virtual Layer When using Virtual Layer to group_concat() a string field, the result would contain duplicates string. For example, here's a polygon layer "city_lot" with "land_use" and "owner" fields.

I want to create a virtual layer that merges lots by owner. So here's the query:
select st_union(geometry),"owner",
    group_concat("land_use") as 'land_use',
    group_concat("fid") as 'fid'
from "city_lot"
group by "owner"

And here's the result:

Notice that the 3rd record has two "residence" in the "land_use" field. My question is, instead of being "residence,commerce,residence", would that be possible to make the result be "residence,commerce", merging identical string?

A: To achieve the desired output, use the DISTINCT statement inside of GROUP_CONCAT() function, i.e. group_concat(DISTINCT "land_use") as 'land_use'.
Here is a small example.
Let's assume there is a vector layer with the following attribute table

So, now with this query:
SELECT GROUP_CONCAT("Quality") AS "Quality_Agg", "Quantity"
FROM "random_points_test"
GROUP BY "Quantity"

I will aggregate values from a field "Quality" based on "Quantity" values

To get unique values i.e. drop duplicate values, nest DISTINCT into your query
SELECT GROUP_CONCAT(DISTINCT "Quality") AS "Quality_Agg", "Quantity"
FROM "random_points_test"
GROUP BY "Quantity"

Now the result will look like this

Mind that DISTINCT statement can be used multiple times, e.g.
SELECT "Quantity",
       GROUP_CONCAT(DISTINCT "Quality") AS "Quality_Agg",
       GROUP_CONCAT(DISTINCT "Info") AS "Info_Agg"
FROM "random_points_test"
GROUP BY "Quantity"

References:

*

*MariaDB Server Documentation | GROUP_CONCAT

*MySQL DISTINCT on a GROUP_CONCAT()

*MySQL Tutorial | Introduction to MySQL DISTINCT clause

*MySQL – GROUP_CONCAT unique values

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Landscape Photography Panoramic Poster: A truly breath-taking view, this stunning photograph depicts New York City as seen from Brooklyn, with the notorious Brooklyn Bridge stretching across East River to link the Long Island to the mainland. Shot at twilight so beautiful shades of purple and blue are cast around the scene, the glow of electric lights can be seen emanating from the skyscrapers. A stunning image, this panoramic poster is sure to look great up on the wall.
High quality, framed Twilight in the Big Apple, New York panoramic poster with a bespoke frame by our custom framing service.


Third wireless acquisition in a year.
Bevan Slattery's Superloop has snapped up its third commercial wi-fi operator in a little more than a year, this time acquiring hotel wi-fi provider GX2 for up to $12 million in cash and shares.
GX2's customers are a who's who of hotel chain operators, including Sheraton, Starwood, Outrigger, Accor Hotels, Holiday Inn and the Ayers Rock Resort.
It services 50,000 guests at around 350 properties worldwide.
Superloop said it had offered an initial $6 million cash and $4 million of Superloop shares for GX2, with a further $2 million of deferred cash consideration on the table.
The buy consolidates Superloop's fast-growing presence in the commercial wireless space.
It began that journey when it bought out BigAir for up to $95 million in September 2016 and followed up a year later with the $10 million purchase of NuSkope.
Wireless is emerging as a key market in which private operators are able to build out and extend commercial networks on a relatively unconstrained basis.
The government does not consider wireless or mobile to compete with the NBN, thus operators in the space are not subject to some of the same regulations constraining competition in all parts of the fixed-line space.
That has allowed an influx of new operators, as well as existing players, to scale out to meet niche demands for fast bandwidth.
Superloop's strategy appears to be working; the company said its BigAir subsidiary had recently signed on three "emerging student accommodation providers", which would mean connections to 8100 students.


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Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/spr/weltar/v145y2009i3p431-445.html
The impact of exporting on firm productivity: a meta-analysis of the learning-by-exporting hypothesis
Pedro Martins
Yong Yang
Pedro S. Martins
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Handle: RePEc:spr:weltar:v:145:y:2009:i:3:p:431-445
File URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1007/s10290-009-0021-6
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John Baldwin & Wulong Gu, 2003. "Export-market participation and productivity performance in Canadian manufacturing," Canadian Journal of Economics, Canadian Economics Association, vol. 36(3), pages 634-657, August.
Taye Mengistae & Catherine Pattillo, 2004. "Export Orientation and Productivity in Sub-Saharan Africa," IMF Staff Papers, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 51(2), pages 1-6.
Catherine A Pattillo & Taye Mengistae, 2002. "Export Orientation and Productivity in Sub-Saharan Africa," IMF Working Papers 02/89, International Monetary Fund.
Davide Castellani, 2002. "Export behavior and productivity growth: Evidence from Italian manufacturing firms," Review of World Economics (Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv), Springer;Institut für Weltwirtschaft (Kiel Institute for the World Economy), vol. 138(4), pages 605-628, December.
David Greenaway & Zhihong Yu, 2004. "Firm-level interactions between exporting and productivity: Industry-specific evidence," Review of World Economics (Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv), Springer;Institut für Weltwirtschaft (Kiel Institute for the World Economy), vol. 140(3), pages 376-392, September.
Pantelis Kalaitzidakis & Theofanis P. Mamuneas & Thanasis Stengos, 2003. "Rankings of Academic Journals and Institutions in Economics," Journal of the European Economic Association, MIT Press, vol. 1(6), pages 1346-1366, December.
Pantelis Kalaitzidakis & Theofanis P Mamuneas & Thanasis Stengos, 2001. "Rankings of Academic Journals and Institutions in Economics," Discussion Papers in Economics 01/8, Division of Economics, School of Business, University of Leicester.
Van Biesebroeck, Johannes, 2005. "Exporting raises productivity in sub-Saharan African manufacturing firms," Journal of International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 67(2), pages 373-391, December.
Johannes Van Biesebroeck, 2003. "Exporting Raises Productivity in Sub-Saharan African Manufacturing Plants," NBER Working Papers 10020, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
David Greenaway & Joakim Gullstrand & Richard Kneller, 2005. "Exporting May Not Always Boost Firm Productivity," Review of World Economics (Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv), Springer;Institut für Weltwirtschaft (Kiel Institute for the World Economy), vol. 141(4), pages 561-582, December.
Andrew B. Bernard, 2004. "Exporting and Productivity in the USA," Oxford Review of Economic Policy, Oxford University Press, vol. 20(3), pages 343-357, Autumn.
repec:wsi:wschap:9789814749237_0008 is not listed on IDEAS
Kostas Axarloglou & Vasilis Theoharakis, 2003. "Diversity in Economics: An Analysis of Journal Quality Perceptions," Journal of the European Economic Association, MIT Press, vol. 1(6), pages 1402-1423, December.
Roberto Alvarez & Ricardo López, 2005. "Exporting and performance: evidence from Chilean plants," Canadian Journal of Economics, Canadian Economics Association, vol. 38(4), pages 1384-1400, November.
A. Isgut, 2001. "What's Different about Exporters? Evidence from Colombian Manufacturing," Journal of Development Studies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 37(5), pages 57-82.
Greenaway, David & Kneller, Richard, 2008. "Exporting, productivity and agglomeration," European Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 52(5), pages 919-939, July.
Pedro Telhado Pereira & Pedro Silva Martins, 2004. "Returns to education and wage equations," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 36(6), pages 525-531.
Pereira, Pedro T. & Martins, Pedro S., 2001. "Returns to Education and Wage Equations," IZA Discussion Papers 298, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
Jens Matthias Arnold & Katrin Hussinger, 2005. "Export Behavior and Firm Productivity in German Manufacturing: A Firm-Level Analysis," Review of World Economics (Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv), Springer;Institut für Weltwirtschaft (Kiel Institute for the World Economy), vol. 141(2), pages 219-243, July.
Jens Matthias Arnold & Katrin Hussinger, 2003. "Export Behavior and Firm productivity in German Manufacturing. A Firm-Level Analysis," Development Working Papers 184, Centro Studi Luca d'Agliano, University of Milano.
Arnold, Jens Matthias & Hussinger, Katrin, 2004. "Export Behavior and Firm Productivity in German Manufacturing: A Firm-level Analysis," ZEW Discussion Papers 04-12, ZEW - Leibniz Centre for European Economic Research.
Jens Matthias Arnold & Katrin Hussinger, 2004. "Export Behavior and Firm Productivity in German Manufacturing: A firm-level analysis," International Trade 0403007, University Library of Munich, Germany, revised 02 Nov 2004.
De Loecker, Jan, 2007. "Do exports generate higher productivity? Evidence from Slovenia," Journal of International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 73(1), pages 69-98, September.
Jan De Loecker, 2004. "Do Exports Generate Higher Productivity? Evidence from Slovenia," LICOS Discussion Papers 15104, LICOS - Centre for Institutions and Economic Performance, KU Leuven.
Mahmut Yasar & Carl H. Nelson & Roderick Rejesus, 2006. "Productivity and Exporting Status of Manufacturing Firms: Evidence from Quantile Regressions," Review of World Economics (Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv), Springer;Institut für Weltwirtschaft (Kiel Institute for the World Economy), vol. 142(4), pages 675-694, December.
Mahmut Yasar & Carl H. Nelson & Roderick Rejesus, 2003. "Productivity and Exporting Status of Manufacturing Firms: Evidence from Quantile Regressions," Emory Economics 0323, Department of Economics, Emory University (Atlanta).
Ashenfelter, Orley & Harmon, Colm & Oosterbeek, Hessel, 1999. "A review of estimates of the schooling/earnings relationship, with tests for publication bias," Labour Economics, Elsevier, vol. 6(4), pages 453-470, November.
Ashenfelter, O. & Harmon, C. & Oosterbeek, H., 1999. "A Review of Estimates of the Schooling/ Earnings Relationship, with tests for Publication Bias," Papers 99/20, College Dublin, Department of Political Economy-.
Orley Ashenfelter & Colm Harmon & Hessel Oosterbeek, 2000. "A Review of Estimates of the Schooling/Earnings Relationship, with Tests for Publication Bias," NBER Working Papers 7457, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
Orley Ashenfelter & Colm Harmon & Hessel Oosterbeek, 1999. "A Review of Estimates of the Schooling/Earnings Relationship, with Tests for Publication Bias," Working Papers 804, Princeton University, Department of Economics, Industrial Relations Section..
Jože P. Damijan & Črt Kostevc, 2006. "Learning-by-Exporting: Continuous Productivity Improvements or Capacity Utilization Effects? Evidence from Slovenian Firms," Review of World Economics (Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv), Springer;Institut für Weltwirtschaft (Kiel Institute for the World Economy), vol. 142(3), pages 599-614, October.
Blalock, Garrick & Gertler, Paul J., 2004. "Learning from exporting revisited in a less developed setting," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 75(2), pages 397-416, December.
Holger Görg & Eric Strobl, 2016. "Multinational Companies And Productivity Spillovers: A Meta-Analysis," World Scientific Book Chapters,in: MULTINATIONAL ENTERPRISES AND HOST COUNTRY DEVELOPMENT Volume 53: World Scientific Studies in International Economics, chapter 8, pages 145-161 World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd..
Gorg, Holger & Strobl, Eric, 2001. "Multinational Companies and Productivity Spillovers: A Meta-analysis," Economic Journal, Royal Economic Society, vol. 111(475), pages 723-739, November.
David Greenaway & Richard Kneller, 2004. "Exporting and Productivity in the United Kingdom," Oxford Review of Economic Policy, Oxford University Press, vol. 20(3), pages 358-371, Autumn.
José C. Fariñas & Ana Martín-Marcos, 2007. "Exporting and Economic Performance: Firm-level Evidence of Spanish Manufacturing," The World Economy, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 30(4), pages 618-646, April.
Yasar, Mahmut & Rejesus, Roderick M., 2005. "Exporting status and firm performance: Evidence from a matched sample," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 88(3), pages 397-402, September.
David Greenaway & Richard Kneller, 2007. "Industry Differences in the Effect of Export Market Entry: Learning by Exporting?," Review of World Economics (Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv), Springer;Institut für Weltwirtschaft (Kiel Institute for the World Economy), vol. 143(3), pages 416-432, October.
Productivity; Globalisation; Publication bias; F15; F20;
F15 - International Economics - - Trade - - - Economic Integration
F20 - International Economics - - International Factor Movements and International Business - - - General
All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:spr:weltar:v:145:y:2009:i:3:p:431-445. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.


India is a country that celebrates every religious ceremony with equal pomp and glory. Each state has a unique culture that celebrates festivals not only traditionally but includes fun, glory, food and happiness to the content. Kolkata is the city that is always ready to spend time over occasions. Durga Puja might be the greatest festival but Kolkata is ready to sway in the mood of festivity all throughout the year. The people of Kolkata find happiness in every festival. An important part of this fun arrangement is home decoration and why not gets the ideas of the best home interior designers for the purpose. Usually the best time Bengalis to rethink about home decor is just before the Pujas. The reasons are quite simple after Durga Pujas there are a series of functions and festivals to come and even new year is not too far.
Here are few tips from interior decorators that can give you the desired look at homes. The style of every home is different. Some houses are of ethnic style and some are of contemporary designs. These tips are especially for traditional functions. Even smaller homes can adopt these simple ideas. Here are generalized ideas. Have a look and judge the one that will suit your home.
Festivity brings in friends and relatives to homes. During the puja there is a day for family gatherings and you will definitely need this large living room idea. All those people who are unable to gather for a tight work schedule make this Puja a reason to revisit close ones over a feast. Adding a decorative centre table, you can opt for wooden classy table with a glass top. You can add to it a little more on the Puja days by placing beautiful decorative mats.
You can do it both for the Pujas and for the rest time of the year. If you are thinking of a high renovation you might get a great door after all what's more reasonable to start interior designs from the entry. There are plenty of designs available. For a little more you can focus on the tiles of the floor that leads one into the house. During the puja you can get a beautiful door hanging. If you have curtains along the area, get a beads chain to tangle along the curtain length. This little addition will not cost much and give a new look.
You can think of deleting those earthen pots for your home plants and get something fancy. You can use metal pots. You might find some collections in reputed interior decorators that not only provide designs but elements of decoration. There are copper pots with intricate designs engraved on it. Even there are ceramic shiny pots that can be used. If you want to spend some more money you can choose for royal looks. There are silver vases that you can get from companies that offer antique collections. Such investments are one time investments for lifelong great looks.
When buying so much for yourself this puja, gift a thing to your home even. This gift will eventually serve you happiness with the beauty rendered.


Double black vinyl in gatefold sleeve with 60x30cm poster. CD included. The Limiñanas are a couple and a band. They have produced records in their own garage in Cabestany located in the south of France for about ten years. They played in Australia, the US and toured Europe regularly. United Kingdom included. The first opus of the now series "I have trouble in mind" was released on the initiative of Bill and Lisa Roe (iconic label "trouble in mind") in the US in 2014. It combines all the 45t , unreleased songs recorded by the couple for "Mojo magazine", tribute to Beach Boys, fanzines, micro labels. All the titles which were difficult to find and that fans were looking for. And now, here it is: I ve got trouble in mind vol 2. The Limiñanas now work mainly with the European label "Because music". Thanks to their common forces, 3 albums were released. «Traité de guitarre Triolectique» with Pascal Comelade, "Malamore", which was a tribute to Dino Risi and in 2018 "Shadow People" in the company of the American psychedelic pope Anton Newcombe. Marie and Lio work a lot, they record all the time and love 45t, maxi's and still collaborate with small labels from around the world for specific projects like the traditional song of Christmas "Convenanza "from Andrew Weatherall. In this second opus some covers of their favorite titles will be available. The lords of the new church "Russia"n roulette", "two sisters" from the Kinks which is the first song recorded with Anton and remixed by the American producer of the first White Stripes album Jim Diamond. "Live will Tell" from Polnareff, a tribute to "Suicide" recorded in Australia from the live version of the band and many others. The artwork was designed by Elric Duffau, as for the first volume. Small bonus: the two album covers placed side by side complement each other for a single piece.


This is where the known world comes for links, Swindon. The Swindonite's built a strutty palace for all of them, every last link that has ever existed, anywhere. 44 floors below the ground, 700,000 sq feet, 9 million plastic trays, all brimming with low quality links. A wonder this delightful exterior only teases at. What a tease.


Incoming first-year students are surveyed shortly after attending fall-term New Student Orientation about the factors influencing their decisions to apply to and attend NC State; their application and admission experiences; their goals, interests, and expectations for their undergraduate years; and demographic and family-background characteristics.
Entering transfer students are surveyed shortly after Transfer Student Orientation about the factors influencing their decisions to apply to and attend NC State; their application and admission experiences; their goals, interests, and expectations for their undergraduate years; and demographic and family-background characteristics.
Second-term sophomores are surveyed about their overall satisfaction with NC State; faculty contributions to their educational experience; academic and non-academic support services; campus climate; self-rated knowledge, skills, and development; participation in co-curricular activities; and enriching educational experiences.
Graduating seniors are surveyed about their overall satisfaction with NC State; faculty contributions to their educational experience; academic and non-academic support services; campus climate; self-rated knowledge, skills, and development; participation in co-curricular activities and enriching educational experiences; employment while at NC State; and time to degree. Special survey inserts may ask additional questions specific to the student's college and/or major program.
Graduating seniors and graduate students (doctoral and master's) are surveyed close to commencement about their plans following graduation, including detailed information on employment, graduate/professional school attendance, and participation in career-preparation activities while at NC State.
Baccalaureate Alumni Survey Alumni are surveyed 2.5 to 5.5 years after receiving their baccalaureate degrees about their overall satisfaction with their NC State experience; their involvement in co-curricular activities and enriching educational experiences while at NC State; post-graduation employment and/or further education; the importance of various skills and abilities they have acquired for employment and/or further education; and their employment-search experience. Special survey inserts may ask additional questions specific to the student's college and/or major program.
Undergraduate and graduate students are surveyed about their satisfaction with various aspects of being an NC State student; interactions with others on campus; participation in multicultural activities; perceptions about the role of diversity in higher education; experiences that have shaped their attitudes about diversity; and their perceptions of how supportive the campus environment is for diversity in general and for specific traditionally underrepresented groups in particular.
First year and senior students from universities across the nation are surveyed about their experiences in activities that research shows to be related to positive learning and developmental outcomes. NSSE uses key survey questions to create benchmark measures in four specific categories: Academic Challenge, Learning with Peers, Experiences with Faculty, and Campus Environment.
UNC-General Administration (UNC-GA) The First Year Survey, Sophomore Survey, and Graduating Senior Survey include questions that UNC-GA requires all schools in the UNC system to administer. UNC-GA provides tables of results with trend data for all schools.


text:
The Libertines share two new tracks, 'Anthem For Doomed Youth' and 'Glasgow Coma Scale Blues'
The band's new album 'Anthems For Doomed Youth' is now due out on the 11th September
With the band due to play headline slots at Reading & Leeds Festivals next weekend, The Libertines have now shared two new tracks from their forthcoming studio album.
The new singles, 'Anthem For Doomed Youth' and 'Glasgow Coma Scale Blues', follow on from the lead track 'Gunga Din', all of which will feature on the new full-length 'Anthems For Doomed Youth, now due out at the slightly later date of 11th September.
Have a listen to the new tracks in the players below.
Following on from last year's sensational album 'Iridescence', as well as member Kevin Abstract's brilliant debut LP 'Arizona Baby earlier this year... 1 hour 35 min ago
The Streets unveil new track 'How Long's It Been?'
After returning last year to release the new singles 'Call Me In The Morning' and 'You Are Not The Voice In Your Head', The Streets have now shared... 3 hours 11 min ago
Red Hearse share new single 'Half Love'
With their debut album still in the works and due out later in the year, Red Hearse (the supergroup of Sam Dew, Jack Antonoff, and Sounwave) have now... 21 hours 49 min ago
Iggy Pop announces new album 'Free'
Following on from his collaborative album 'Post Pop Depression' with Josh Homme in 2016, Iggy Pop has now returned to announce the details of his... 1 day 1 hour ago
Sleater-Kinney unveil new single 'The Center Won't Hold'
With their eagerly-awaited new album due to arrive in less than a month, Sleater-Kinney have now unveiled the next cut to be lifted from their... 1 day 2 hours ago
The Night Café share new single 'Mixed Signals'
With their eagerly-awaited debut album now just over a month away, The Night Café have now unveiled the next cut to be lifted from their forthcoming... 1 day 21 hours ago
Frankie Cosmos unveil new track 'Rings (On A Tree)'
With their eagerly-awaited new album arriving in the coming months, Frankie Cosmos have now unveiled the next cut to be lifted from their forthcoming... 2 days 1 hour ago
One True Pairing announces self-titled debut album
After first announcing his new project One True Pairing at the end of last month, former Wild Beasts frontman Tom Fleming has now returned to unveil... 2 days 3 hours ago
(Sandy) Alex G unveils new single 'Hope'
With his eagerly-awaited new album on the horizon, (Sandy) Alex G has now returned to unveil the next cut to be lifted from his forthcoming full-... 2 days 21 hours ago
1 hour 35 min ago Following on from last year's sensational album 'Iridescence', as well as member Kevin Abstract's
2 days 18 min ago It has been fair to say that no one is having a year quite like Sea Girls.


This paper consists of reproductions of articles by the author appearing in Quality Progress magazine, January - July 2000. A focus on quality has prompted much improvement in industry, the impact on profitability has too often been cloudy. A better understanding and more accurate definition of quality is appropriate for the current business environment. Based on actual practice and experience of companies practicing Six Sigma methods, quality may be defined as "as state in which value entitlement is realized for the customer and provider in every aspect of the business relationship." This definition is holistic and multidimensional rather than compartmentalized and accounts for the interacting roles of all systems, processes, and operations involved in a business. It reflects both the customer's and the producer's needs and expectations for the utility, availability, and worth of the product or service. Quality systems must shift focus from utility and availability to appreciate the product's critical-to-value characteristics, those closely bound to worth, reflecting the product's intellectual, emotional, and economic value to a customer. Six Sigma expands the notion of quality from conforming to standards to include a broader range of dynamic factors in a business relationship where both the customer and provider expect quality.


2nd Generation PDW Conversion Kit For GLOCK 9MM Models.
Will fit only Glock Gen 3 - 4 including 'C' Models.
The 16-inch Barrel in conjunction with your Glock is considered an SBR but while inside the KPOS Scout, it will not be considered an SBR so NO TAX STAMP is REQUIRED!
IGB Austria Glock 16" Barrel or With The KPOS- US Only!
* Picture is for illustration only.
More information about the package can be found below.
Our modern K.P.O.S. (second generation) P.D.W. Conversion Kit upgrades your standard handgun and converts your weapon to a special operations set.
With its small size, it helps you maintain no retention for best use at a medium distance when in close contact secret operations and gives the opportunity to enhance performance competence for excellent results.
The small frame of the K.P.O.S. G2 is made of strong anodized aluminum to give it solid structure and is also very lightweight. it keeps proper heat distribution (for C models) due to its ventilation design, it's AR15 handle mechanism of loading and cocking type makes it easy and convenient to use. It has removable front flash hider for silencer assembles with one bolt only and a non-removable holding plate attached to its back frame, so you can not lose it.
In addition, it combines full-length rail on top together with rails on sides and bottom and has a folding rubber buttstock that can be adjusted for perfect fitting on any ground conditions.
This new Model is quick and simple to install, it requires no special modifications and can easily be assembled in hands, while free standing. notable or any other platform needed!
Glock 21 & 21sf (Requires backplate replacement that can be ordered separately).
All US buyers need an SBR tax stamp to assemble the KPOS and their pistol together.
*** The KPOS Pathfinder version does not require a tax stamp.
The FBS + RBS Front + Rear polymer Back-up sight is a cutting-edge, low-profile, tactical backup sight.
The dual aperture FBS Front + RBS rear sight is windage adjustable and can be mounted on all 1913 Picatinny rails, but is specially made for the M4 / AR-15 / M-16 platform and the K.P.O.S.
The FGGK Two-Position foregrip transforms from horizontal to vertical by the push of a button, incorporating an adjustable sliding trigger guard enhancing your weapons safety feature and provides a tactical variant to your natural "fighting stance".
Our PR-3 G2 Durable 1" Tactical Flashlight with an integrated Picatinny adaptor incorporates State-Of The-Art design for your tactical light solutions.
The new 'VTS' Versatile Tactical Support provides versatile solutions for various forward grip positioning enhancing comfort and increasing accuracy.
This ergonomic support may be set to accommodate a wide variety of tactical locations for ideal operational superiority taking in mind ideal compact configuration.
The KPOS G2 VCH is a high grade synthetic versatile carry holster for KPOS G2 models that can be set for under the shoulder carry holster or as a thigh rig.


This is greatest news for candidates who are eagerly waiting for Latest Punjab Govt Jobs Recruitment. You will happy to see golden opportunity this year. Yes Candidates !!! Your wait is over Punjab Regional Office, have announced huge number of vacancies for your. Punjab Regional Office is going to announce recruitment notice to fill various vacancies for Group-C Chowkidar posts. Candidates who are eligible and interested for these posts, they can apply for Punjab Regional Office Recruitment 2017 from official website.
Online application form for Punjab Regional Office Chowkidar Recruitment 2017 forms are already started. Last date for online application form is 1st August 2017. Candidate must apply before last date. No application will accepted after the commencement of last date. Further details like important dates, eligibility criteria, selection process, application fee, important links etc regarding Punjab Regional Office Group C Chowkidar Recruitment 2017 is given below.
As you know that, Punjab Regional Office, have announced recruitment notice to fill up various vacancies of Group C Posts. Candidates who are eligible and interested for these posts, they can apply for Punjab Regional Office Group C Recruitment 2017 through official website. Candidates who wants to apply for these vacancies, they must have possess 8th / 10th from recognized university or board. Moreover, candidate's age should between 18 to 27 years as per official notification. For more details refer official notification.
Applicants, who are searching for Latest Punjab Govt Jobs, they have great opportunity to acquire this. Candidates will selected based in screening test, written test and Medical Test. Selected candidates will get pay scale of Rs. 5200/- to Rs.20200/- with grade pay Rs.1800/-. Further details regarding Punjab Regional Office Recruitment 2017 for Group C Chowkidar Vacancies is given below.
Educational Qualification :- Candidate who wants to apply for Punjab Regional Office Chowkidar 2017 Application Form, they must have possess 8th / 10th from recognized university or board. For more details refer official notification.
Age Limit :- Candidates who are going to apply for these vacancies, their age should between 18 to 27 years as per official notification. For more details refer official notification.
Pay Scale :- Selected candidates will get pay scale of Rs. 5200/- to Rs.20200/- with grade pay Rs.1800/-. For more details refer official notification.
Candidates will selected in Punjab Regional Office Recruitment 2017 based on performance in following exams.
How to apply for Punjab Regional Office Recruitment 2017 ?
Interested and eligible candidates, who wants to apply for these vacancies, they can apply by sending their application form with education qualification and other important documents with 2 passport size photographs to Main Office, Punjab Regional Office on or before 01st August 2017.


text:
Q: Sync HTTP request (HttpURLConnection) with high concurrency? I am using HttpURLConnection in my Java (Spring) app to send HTTP requests to external third-party servers. I need about 1000 http requests per second.
However, IMHO HttpURLConnection is synchronous, thus one thread can only do one http request, and only after that request is finished, this thread can do the next request. Therefore, this seems to be non-efficient, and I suspect this cannot even be handled (please correct me if I am wrong, e.g. this is actually very efficient).
I wonder whether there is a good way to handle these? IMHO I will use a thread pool (Executor) containing, say, 100 threads.
P.S. I cannot use any other libraries such as HttpClient since that SDK package is provided by third party :/
Thanks very much!

A: 1.You are right about the request in one Thread.It is mentioned in the HttpURLConnection  document
* Each HttpURLConnection instance is used to make a single request
 * but the underlying network connection to the HTTP server may be
 * transparently shared by other instances. Calling the close() methods
 * on the InputStream or OutputStream of an HttpURLConnection
 * after a request may free network resources associated with this
 * instance but has no effect on any shared persistent connection.
 * Calling the disconnect() method may close the underlying socket
 * if a persistent connection is otherwise idle at that time.
 *

That means that you could use  openConnection to get a new HttpURLConnection instance,then do request and close that.The the underlying network connection to the HTTP server may be transparently shared by other instance.

A: Socket and SocketChannels might be a good option, although you'll have to 'roll your own' HTTP, which will be Very Not Easy if you have to deal with HTTPS. They are part of the standard JRE and can also be used asynchronously. You get into some hairy code when you go async because the Selector API is a bit difficult to work with but it would definitely be fast and have low overhead.
You might be able to use a custom SSLSocketFactory to jocky the socket so that you have direct access to the socket to get a SocketChannel from.


text:
The Next Decade of Nursing: NAM Town Halls Explore How New Roles, New Tech, and Social Needs Are Transforming the Field
Stephanie Miceli | Aug. 26, 2019
You can find a nurse navigating city streets, on her way to a home visit. Or, maybe he is recording educational videos on preventing ear infections. She might even be running for city council.
Nurses are taking on new and expanded roles in health care, a prominent theme at the National Academy of Medicine's (NAM) three regional town halls this summer on the future of nursing. As health care becomes more complex and stretches beyond traditional settings, nurses are charting new paths in areas such as health system leadership, clinical research, and digital health.
The three town halls, held in Philadelphia, Chicago, and Seattle, will inform NAM's Future of Nursing 2020-2030 study, which is looking at the opportunities and challenges facing the profession in the next decade. Nurses who attended discussed how an aging population, emerging technologies, and evolving curriculum and continuing education opportunities are inherently changing their profession.
However, some things remain the same — nurses are one of the first lines of defense for addressing many of the social and economic stressors that can impact people's health, whether that's food insecurity, homelessness, or transportation barriers.
Making Nurses Lifelong Learners
Understanding how social determinants affect health outcomes should be standard curriculum for nursing education, said panelists at the June 7 Chicago town hall. But that's not always the case.
Susan Swider, a professor in the Department of Community, Systems and Mental Health Nursing at Rush University, encouraged attendees to be lifelong learners. "We need more robust continuing education. Once you reach a Ph.D., you can't be 'pinnacled out,'" she said.
She and other attendees emphasized the urgency of revising curriculum now — not three or four years from now — to be agile and responsive to the fast-changing world of population health.
"I envision a nurse researcher working for the Department of Housing and Urban Development, evaluating the health outcomes of affordable and stable housing. Or working with their city council to help them integrate a health-in-all-policies approach to decision-making," said Janice Phillips, director of nursing research and health equity at Rush University.
Moving Beyond Clinical Care
During the July 24 town hall in Philadelphia, Antonia Villarruel, dean of the University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing, shared nurse-led community health initiatives from around the country that focused on the health of migrant workers, firearm violence prevention, and the heart health of formerly incarcerated black men. "Nurses have to work at all levels, not just clinical care," said Villarruel.
It's critical that nurses are able to practice to the highest level of their education and training, working as a team with medical providers, social workers, and public health professionals, attendees said.
University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing Dean Antonia Villarruel shows Philadelphia town hall attendees the many faces of nursing. Credit: Michael Fisher
Balancing High-Tech with the Human Touch
Nurses should embrace their role as "cross-sector data sharing champions," said Eli Kern, an epidemiologist at the King County Department of Public Health, during the August 7 town hall in Seattle. When data remains in silos, "we reach incomplete conclusions, and those incomplete conclusions could lead us to incomplete priority areas – which drives funding."
Molly McCarthy, national director, U.S. provider industry and Chief Nursing Officer at Microsoft, applauds this new wave of digitally savvy nurses who are interpreting data, creating apps, and even starting their own tech companies. For example, at Providence Health System in Seattle, nurses created an app that helped reduce unnecessary C-sections.
"Digital transformation doesn't always mean using the latest and greatest tech. It could mean taking information that was in a binder and digitizing it," said McCarthy. "As nurses, we are critical in this digital transformation, whether you work at a hospital, in the home, in industry, or you see patients virtually."
Imagining Future Roles for Nurses
While technology is promising, it is not a panacea or a magic wand that can remove structural inequities in health care.
Whether it's through volunteer work, serving on boards, or assuming leadership roles in research and administration, nurses can become advocates for social change, said Chicago town hall speaker Coletta Barrett, vice president of mission at Our Lady of the Lake Regional Medical Center, and chair of the Baton Rouge Mayor's Task Force on Health and Well-Being.
"There are 3.9 million nurses in the U.S. Imagine the future if you can unlock and harness the passion in each of us," Barrett said. "We have to always remember why we got into this, and give people equal opportunity to act on their 'why.'"


The first lesson I took away from this trip was to never wait until last minute to get route information. There is a lot of information out there to better discover the area you are headed, admittedly I was a little lazy about this and I should have taken a little more time to do the research, however the trip was planned on a whim and we left on very short notice. I know, I know, that's no excuse so here is what I do now.
www.alltrails.com- this website is amazing! You can search by location, difficulty, and activity. Information shows up in a map based platform and displays all of the hiking trails in an area selected. You'll trail details such as distances, routes, trail pictures posted by other users, and even user reviews.
If you don't like this site there are a few others out there such as: www.traillink.com, www.americantrails.org, www.railstotrails.org, and www.americanhiking.org, these are just a few of the many sites out there. The American Hiking Society has a lot of great references for any hiking related topic, you should definitely check it out!
If you are old school and like to have a map in hand National Geographic makes a lot of great maps that can be bought at your local REI, or on amazon. They seem to only make maps for the more popular hiking trails, but if you are headed to Grand Teton National Park or Banff National Park in Alberta, these maps are a must! You should also check your local library, they often have maps available or hiking and camping guides.
One of the most important things I learned in boy scouts was to be prepared. Now I can't claim that I am perfect at this, I won't say that I left a whole bag at home, but somehow it didn't make it to Ohio with us. So, first things first, you need a gear list. If you try to go off of your memory you are doomed to forget something, like a bag *cough*. You can find a great gear list here, and another one here. I prefer the boy scout check list because it's what I grew up with, but both are great!
Use your checklist every single time you go, especially if you are leaving town. I like to set all of my gear out and mentally check it off as I set it out, then I will go down the list while everything is laid out and double check it against the list, and finally I check it off as it goes into my bag. You should also have a checklist of all your bags that are going. Unfortunately I left the one with the baby carrier in it and ended up having to carry my 2 year old for 2 miles without it, and that's lucky. If you don't believe me just ask Aron Ralston.
This is probably to most important point. We took 2 25oz bottles of water with us when we left for the day. Now, a rule of thumb is 3 quarts of water an hour, per person. We were hiking for 8 hours, theoretically we should have had about 3-4 liters of water for each of us and even more for Silas. I can guarantee that we were dehydrated when we got back and I cringe to think about what might have happened if we had got stuck out on the trail over night due to an injury or some other unforeseen event. I suppose we could have sucked up some of the muddy water out of the river to survive, but I really like not have giardia! So if you don't want to pack a ton of water you can always use a water filter or purifier. If you dont know the difference check out this article on MSR's website! But if you really want to know exactly how much water you should take here is a cool hydration calculator I found that helps you calculate how much water your body does through.
This one might seem silly but we went out expecting to only be out for a couple hours and I can tell you that 3 hours is wildly different than 8 hours. We each had almost a box of granola bars for each of us, and a bag of oranges. Truthfully, we had plenty of food to get through the day, but I was so freaking tired of eating granola, it's been 4 months and I still haven't touched another one.
Everyone is different and the amount that I eat is different than what you will eat, but if you have to room in your pack, I would say for a couple hours of hiking take enough for a meal and a few snacks for in between. You might not even eat it, but better safe than sorry. Just a few weeks ago a kid's hiking group left him behind in a cave for three days, he had no water and one granola bar. Could you imagine if it was you and your family out, and making your kid lick rocks to survive?
"I know you're hungry Lukas, take a lick of that cliff bar wrapper and then go get a drink off of the cave wall. BTW, watch out for guano!" You can read that crazy story here.
The moral of the story is, don't end up like Lukas.
This one is pretty simple. If you have heard the name Aron Raltson, then you know that he went out hiking by himself and the reason he had to cut his own arm off with a dull knife was because he didn't tell anyone where he was going. Aron took off without telling anyone his plan and he paid the price for it. Always let someone know where you are going, and when you plan on returning and don't deviate from the plan. If you stick to this rule and something goes wrong, being late will be an indicator to your family/friends that something isn't right and that they should start looking for you, and since you told them where you were going, thet will know exactly where to look and hopefully you and little Chet won't get stuck out in the woods drinking pee and chewing on pine needles for dinner.
This is not a comprehensive list of all the things you need to do before hiking, nor is everything on this list necessarily the most important. We set out for a 3 or 4 hour hike and things did not go exactly as planned. Thing is, we were prepared in a lot of ways, and in a lot of ways we weren't. At the end of it all we still had a great time, and came home with some amazing pictures and wonderful memories. But once we had got home I thanked God that we were as fortunate as we were and then I wrote this list of things that I would have done differently. I hope this list helps you as you take your family hiking and just remember, don't be like Lukas!


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The Hills AT Portal
The Hills Restaurant features casual fine dining in a newly renovated facility located in a beautiful setting on the 160 acres golf course established in 1928. While the golf course has been known for almost a century, we invite you to partake in the exceptional new restaurant that made its debut in June 2022. Focused on incorporating fresh quality ingredients in all of our delicious menu items, we pride ourselves on the warm, family atmosphere that incorporates both the modern and traditional. Nestled in the green space between the Peace Arch and Pacific border crossing with ample free parking, The Hills at Portal welcomes your family to become part of our family.
16900 4 Ave, Surrey, BC V3Z 9P6
11:30am-8:00pm Daily
Brunch 10:00-2:00pm Sat-Sun
info@thehillsportal.com
© 2023 by The Hills Restaurant and Lounge Created by Socialystic Media


Bevel – Taking 3D picture with the use of your mobile phone or tablet can be possible with the help of this amazing gadget. In order to take advantage of it, what you have to do is plug Bevel to the headphone jack that can be found on your mobile device, and you're good to go. You can then produce as many 3D pictures as you can. With the use of a 3D printer, the 3D pictures can of course, be printed.
Sony DSC-QX100 – This is a lens-style camera that can be attached to your smartphone. Any smartphone can then be transformed into a professional camera with the help of Sony DSC-QX100. Just make sure to incorporate this cool gadget into the where the camera of your smartphone located. Even in low light setting, you can still capture high quality photos with its Carl Zeiss Lens and Exmor R CMOR sensor (1.0 type).
Moment – This is one of the finest gadgets available to enhance mobile photography experience. Moment is actually made of 2 lenses. These lenses are the Moment Wide and the Moment Tele lens. There will only be minimal distortion in taking tight interior shots and wide landscape. It's all thanks to the Moment Wide. And with the Moment Tele lens, zooming-in your camera two times the capability of your phone is possible.
Shuttr – The best thing about this gadget is the fact that there's no need for you to make use of extra apps so that you can take full advantage of it. With just a single press of the button of the shuttr, you're good to go for your selfie moments. It can work with Android devices, iPad, and iPhone. This is the great alternative to utilize when taking selfies, but you don't want the idea of using selfie sticks.
CliqueFie – This is actually a selfie stick that can be used by any smartphones. The best thing about it is the fact that it is portable enough and has a very light weight. With just using one of your hands, you can already detach and attach your mobile phone. It is all thanks to its double pull tabs feature. With this, taking selfies can become a great picture-taking experience.
Instax Share – Printing smartphone photos anywhere and anytime you want to will be possible due to this amazing gadget. But before you can take advantage of it, it is very important to download first the Instax Share App. Through this app, you can send the smartphone photos directly to the printer.
Solocam – This is just like CliqueFie selfie stick. The only difference is that it is integrated with an HD microphone. With this HD microphone, your recorded videos will have amazing quality when it comes to the sound. You don't need a camera crew when you have your own Solocam. With the help of Bluetooth connectivity, this gadget can be connected to your mobile device.
Olympus Air A01 – This is considered to be an "Open Platform Camera" because of its concept. With this gadget, your mobile device will have digital camera lenses that can be interchanged. It can make your smartphone perform better, provide high quality pictures, and have optical zoom capability.
LiveAction Camera Grip – As its name suggests, this cool gadget is a camera grip that will allow you to instantly click your smartphone when taking pictures. This is also helpful in instantly sharing photos from your smartphone. This gadget can be compatible with iPads and iPhones. The only thing you need to do is attach it to your mobile device, and you are good to go.
FLIR One – This is actually a camera attachment that supports thermal imaging. It is specially manufactured for iPhone 5 and iPhone 5s. You can take infrared pictures as much as you can with the aid of this cool gadget. It is packed with dual cameras. The first one is intended for the physical detail, while the other one is for thermal imaging.
If you are one of those people who love using their mobile devices in capturing picture-perfect moments, then these gadgets are worthy for you to consider buying. These may have higher prices, but at least, you can be sure that these will help you to the highest extent.


Put on your artist hat and get creative! Your 2018 Beckman Symposium T-shirt design must include the 40th Anniversary Beckman Foundation logo (shown at left, emailed by request).
Designs printed on grey t-shirt (as seen in picture).
Designs may be submitted by current and past awardees/employees.
All entries must be original creation of the contestant that incorporates the Foundation's 40-year anniversary logo, has never been published, and does not contain profanity, trademarks, logos, or copyrighted works of any other person or business.
The winning design will remain the property of the Foundation.


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Tumhare Husn Ke Naam () is a 2022 Pakistani drama serial. It is directed by Saqib Khan and written by Sara Qayyum. It stars Saba Qamar, Imran Abbas are in leading roles.

Cast
 Saba Qamar as Salma
 Imran Abbas as Sikandar
 Sidra Niazi
 Asad Siddiqui as Atif
 Haris Waheed
 Maha Hasan
 Nayyar Ejaz

References

Pakistani family television dramas
2020s Pakistani television series
2020s romantic drama television series
Pakistani romance television series

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


As one of the leading providers of the surveying instrument in Dubai, Mohammed Belal Trading Est has become the sole agent in offering the best high-quality surveying instruments in Dubai, UAE since the inception in 1998. We are the leading distributors of PENTAX, the developers and manufacturers of measuring and positioning products. The companies have been built on personal integrity, knowledge and distribution relationships.
We at Mohammed Belal Trading Est provide customers with experienced sales professionals, reliable and leading edge surveying instruments products and technologies from the most reputable manufacturer.
We are proud to say that our reputation is second to none and we love to be challenged. We work tirelessly to make your experience with us hassle-free and rewarding.


An intuitive user interface with a large, responsive color touch-screen with smartphone-like usability helps make carrying out tasks easy.
My ADVANCE enables a unique, personal experience, creating a customized user experience tailored to meet each user's workflow needs.
Canon's MEAP platform supports a range of integrated solutions designed to simplify workflow and achieve a holistic business solution.
Scalable support for mobile and flexible work styles can help increase efficiency by allowing workers to capture or print documents and access certain cloud applications.
Scan and convert documents to Searchable PDF, Microsoft Word, and Microsoft PowerPoint files through a single-pass, duplexing document feeder that holds up to 150 originals.
Intelligent features, such as motion sensor technology to wake the device from sleep mode and the ability to remove blank pages when scanning, help maximize productivity.
Control who has access to the device with authentication by using the standard Universal Login Manager application.


Australia offers a lot of tourist attractions among which one is its beautiful beaches. There are more than 10,000 beaches in Australia and many tourists, international students drive to the iconic beaches on weekends to have some nice time. Sydney's sparkling beach and the cliff-hugging Bondi to Bronte coastal walk are some of the main attractions. You can swim, kayak, surf here or just enjoy the feel of sand on your feet. But amongst all this, there are a few things that must be taken care of. Ensure that your beach fun is not spoiled by anything.
Do some beach preparation. Save yourself from the harmful rays of the sun and put on some sunblock lotion. Since you are going to the beach, make sure it is waterproof and the SPF is what is required as per the climate. "SLIP on a T-Shirt, SLOP on some sunscreen and SLAP on a hat" is a famous advice given by the Australian Cancer Council always. Pack some lunch and water with you. You need to keep yourself hydrated as well. Maintain decorum and do not litter the beach. Throw anything that you need to in the trash bin only.
First of all, be aware of all the rules at the beach you are going and about the nearby area as well. Make sure to read safety signs and understand what they mean. There are various pocket size manuals available for this purpose that you can buy and take a look at.
A day at the beach is incomplete without a fun dip in the ocean. But you must always remember to swim between the red and yellow flag. This is indicative of a lifesaving service being present on the beach at that time. So for your own safety always swim in this area. On spotting a lifeguard make sure to ask them about safety conditions at the beach. They are trained in this field and hence educates the best regarding this. Also, make sure you don't go to the beach alone. As a new person anywhere, it is good to have a company. Especially while swimming, if you have someone along with you, you can look out for each other. In case of an emergency, stay calm and try to attract attention. A way to do it is to focus on lifeguard and raise your arms in the air waving it from side to side. Always make sure someone knows where you are going. Staying safe will only increase the fun anywhere.


The Chesapeake Youth Committee (CYC) collects and distributes school supplies to the Chesapeake Public Schools Title I Program. City employees, CYC members, and citizens donate the supplies and/or funds. This program works with low-income children to improve their reading and math skills.
The drive takes place from August – September.


That's right folks. I will be meeting and greeting readers, signing books and dishing out Carrero flyers and merchandise at this event. The weekend looks set to be amazing and I am looking forward to attending.
Previous postMy new release is around a month away.


For A Touch Of Elegance, Opt For These Rokolu Heels From The Brand Betty London. It Comes In A Charming Upper. The Brand Has Chosen A 9 Cm Heel To Go With The Synthetic Sole. Keep Your Head In The Clouds And Your Feet On The Ground.
Extravagance Is On The Menu At Bourne Who Have Designed These Court Shoes In Genuine Snakeskin. Designed With A High Heel And Platform Sole, This Pair Will Add Style To All Of Your Favourite Outfits!
Bourne Lindsey Court Shoe. A Great Party Piece, Featuring A Soft Satin Knot Detailed Upper, Sequin Fore Part And Leather Covered Heel.


The Residential arm of the country's largest and leading International Property Consultancy JLL India has been recently adjudged as Property Consultant of the Year in the Residential category at the prestigious Asian Real Estate Leadership Awards 2016, hosted by Asian Confederation of Business and endorsed by CMO Asia.
JLL India bagged the top awards in the leading categories of Property Consultant of the Year – Residential and Innovative Real Estate Marketing Campaign of the Year for the Firm's Online Home Fest organized in April earlier this year.
Held at Dubai on 6th October, 2016, the award ceremony was graced by a stellar line-up of pre-eminent developers, bankers, architects, property consultancies and ancillaries from across 35 countries in Asia. Hosted since 2011, the Asian Real Estate Leadership Awards define and celebrate outstanding business vision and performance across all sectors of the real estate industry. They are among the most credible and coveted of recognitions for excellence in real estate business leadership in Asia.
Commenting on the wins, Santhosh Kumar, CEO – Operations, JLL India said, "We are gratified at being recipients of these distinguished awards. JLL India's Residential Services division is backed by the thoroughbred DNA of the Firm's robust international platform as well as local market expertise and experience. At its heart, the residential segment of Indian real estate is and will remain a people's business where the human element lies at the core. Success and recognition in this segment relies on forging, maintaining and building on excellent relationships between buyers, investors and developers. At all times, JLL India's Residential Services division has leveraged its well-deserved reputation for best-in-class services to consistently deliver the highest value to its clients."
Always at the forefront of innovations that consistently redefine the way real estate business is done, JLL India has employed the latest technology-enabled initiatives to maintain its edge on the Indian property market. In the most recent manifestation of this disruptive tech-led culture, JLL Residential Services' recent and enormously successful Online Home Fest was backed by fully-automated and integrated systems which proved to be a critical differentiator in the residential brokerage business. The success of this venture has been amply vouchsafed by bringing in the coveted Innovative Real Estate Marketing Campaign of the Year award.
Continuing its disruptive, client-focussed approach to doing real estate business, JLL is currently hosting the Online Home Carnival in partnership with Housebolo(an NDTV venture). As in the case of the preceding Online Home Fest, this Carnival has been garnering a massive response for participating developers from India and Dubai. The Carnival, which will remain live till the culmination of the current Indian festive season, is targeting over 180 mn Indians and NRIs spread across 72 countries.


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Pipes & Vessels
Deburr and grind pipes and vessel tubes
Kneeling & Squatting
Hazard Analysis — Kneeling & Squatting
Workers who deburr and grind pipes and vessel tubes may face hazards from kneeling & squatting.
Working in kneeling or squatting posture while deburring and grinding pipes and vessel tubes can increase forces in the knee. The cumulative effects of kneeling or squatting may lead to knee injuries such as bursitis or osteoarthritis and in some cases may contribute to low back pain.
Prepatellar Bursitis
Osteoarthritis of the Knee (OA)
Osteoarthritis (also called OA or degenerative joint disease) is the deterioration of the cartilage of the knee leading to the narrowing of the joint space. Cartilage acts as a cushion in joints. If cartilage is destroyed there is direct bone on bone contact, which causes OA.
Work-Related Risk Factors
Awkward knee postures
Repetitive knee flexion (e.g. bending, kneeling, squatting, and climbing)
Heavy lifting on a regular basis, especially from a squat position
Work that combines both heavy lifting, and kneeling or squatting
Osteoarthritis can also be caused by injuries to the knee joint and obesity. There may be a genetic tendency to develop OA.
Frequently bending the knee while performing activities such as kneeling, squatting, climbing, and heavy manual material handling create pressure on structures in the knee (compressive forces). These compressive forces gradually wear down the cartilage, leaving no cushioning between the bones. With the loss of this protective cushioning, the synovial lining and bones thicken, which in turn causes a build up of fluid known as "water on the knee." Bone spurs develop in many cases.
Individuals with OA often complain of stiffness and pain in the affected joint. Swelling and redness of the affected joint are also common. Until OA is severe, pain is often relieved with rest.
Common Treatment
Exercise, weight loss, and bracing of the knee can be effective therapies for resolving pain due to OA. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs, e.g. ibuprofen or naproxen), acetaminophen and other medications are often helpful. Other treatments include rest, heat applications, and physical therapy. Injections of corticosteroids ("cortisone injections") may be beneficial in the short term. Injection of a synthetic lubrication fluid is sometimes used in severe OA.
Surgical treatment, including arthroscopy, osteotomy, and arthroplasty (joint replacement), are sometimes necessary to regain normal function in the knee joint.
Alternative treatments such as acupuncture, magnetic pulse therapy, vitamin regimes, and topical pain relievers have also been shown effective for some in the resolution of symptoms of OA.
The prepatellar bursa is a flat sac on the front of the kneecap (patella).Irritation of the bursa causes bursitis. Prepatellar bursitis, also called "housemaid's knee," is common among roofers, carpet layers, and other workers who kneel often. Repeated knee bending can also irritate other bursa in the knee.
Prolonged kneeling
Prolonged and repeated squatting
Bursas act to reduce friction between bony structures, or between bones and other soft tissue. Normal bursas are a flat sac somewhat like a zip-lock bag. When the bursa is irritated, fluid enters the bursa and causes it to expand. This, in turn, leads to swelling and pain of the knee.
Workers with prepatellar bursitis often notice rapid swelling on the front of kneecap. Pain occurs with activity, and the front of the kneecap may be tender and warm to the touch. The swelling leads to stiffness of the knee and pain with walking. Individuals may have a slight limp when first getting up from sitting.
Initial treatment includes rest, ice, and compression of the knee with an elastic bandage. Application of heat and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs, e.g. ibuprofen or naproxen) are often helpful. The bursa may need to be drained (aspiration) by a physician. Physical therapy can help with stretching of muscles around the knee if these muscles are tight. Strengthening exercises are often needed in chronic knee bursitis. Correcting gait abnormalities, such as those caused by a difference in leg lengths, is also important.
To assess exposure to kneeling and squatting postures, determine how many hours per day the worker spends with their knee(s) bent deeply >120°.Thomas Bernard's website contains practical ergonomic tools.
To assess the exposure to kneeling and squatting, it is necessary to observe a worker installing floor coverings, carpet and tile. Look for:
time spent with the knee deeply bent (more than 120°)
time spent directly on the knees
The risk of injury increases with more time spent in a kneeling or squatting posture and a greater degree of bending. Thomas Bernard's website has a host of practical ergonomics tools.
There is no Federal OSHA standard specifically for this hazard. However, hazardous work activities or exposures that are not covered by a specific standard are covered by the general duty clause, which requires each employer to provide a safe and healthful workplace.
Regulations adopted by a state must be at least as protective as the corresponding federal standard. Work may also be subject to rules of other federal, state and local agencies. Even where there is no hazard specific standard, OSHA provides a general duty for the employer to provide a work site free from recognized hazards.
The American National Standards Institute (ANSI) has a standard which applies to construction work where there may be risk factors for musculoskeletal disorders. ANSI standard A10.40 is not a regulation, but implementing this standard can help reduce the risk of MSDs. The standard is available for purchase from the American Society of Safety Engineers: http://www.asse.org/departments/standards/.
Federal OSHA Standards are enforced by the U.S. Department of Labor in 26 states. There are currently 22 states and jurisdictions operating complete State plans (covering both the private sector and state and local government employees) and 5 - Connecticut, Illinois, New Jersey, New York and the Virgin Islands - which cover public employees only. If you are working in one of those states or jurisdictions you should ensure that you are complying with their requirements.
Musculoskeletal Disorders in Construction and Other Industries
Leading Causes of Fatal and Nonfatal Injuries in Construction
Engineering control
Kneeling Creepers
A kneeling creeper is a mobile platform that displaces pressure from kneeling and reduces the need for constant kneeling and squatting.
Kneeling Mats
Kneeling mats help displace the pressures and forces when kneeling on the surface.
Participatory Ergonomics Program
A participatory ergonomics program identifies and analyzes musculoskeletal injuries as well as implement and evaluate effective control options.
Safe Worksite Layout
A safe worksite layout can help improve safety conditions as well as reduce musculoskeletal disorders manual material handling.
Knee pads are accessories worn around the knees that displace the pressures and forces from kneeling.


It looks like the Google search sites on the search results page is part of an experiment as only certain people are seeing this. In fact some people (you know who you are), suggested that I just photoshopped it.
So that you can all see, I've created a screen movie that shows it in action.
Here's for the techie bit. I created it using Techsmith Camtasia and exported it as SWF file. The file is being hosted on our Fileburst FTP server.
Could There Be No More Honey in Ten Years Time?


Read more info about Old Vic Theatre.
How to get there: (7mins) Take Mepham Street (100 metres) down to Waterloo Road. Turn right on Waterloo Road, but keep left as the theatre is 100 metres further along on the opposite corner.