A view of Earth from the International Space Station.
In 2017, Bremmer was most concerned about "America First" policies. Here, he reviews his predictions from last year and tell us what he is most concerned about for 2018.
You can here last year's predictions here and see Bremmer's list for 2018 below.
At a moment of policy incoherence and dysfunction in Washington, China's government has redefined the country's external environment, set new rules within, developed the world's most effective global trade and investment strategy and used Chinese tech companies to advance state interests.
Beijing invests and extends its influence by promising non-interference in the political and economic lives of other countries, which are now more likely to align with and imitate China. The global business environment must adapt to new sets of rules, standards and practices. US-China conflict, particularly on trade, will become more likely in 2018.
There's been no major geopolitical crisis since 9/11, and none created by governments since the Cuban Missile Crisis. But there are now many places where a misstep or misjudgment could provoke serious international conflict. The likeliest risk of accident comes from competition and conflict in cyberspace, the fight over North Korea, battlefield accidents in Syria, growing US-Russia tension and the dispersal of ISIS fighters from Syria and Iraq.
The world's biggest fight over economic power centers on the development of new information technologies. The US and China will compete to master artificial intelligence and supercomputing and will struggle for market dominance in Africa, India, Brazil and even in Europe, where governments must decide whom to trust and whose products and standards to embrace. Fragmentation of the tech commons creates both market and security risks, particularly as domestic companies battle global viruses.
2018 will be a defining moment for Mexico as renegotiation over the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) comes to a head and voters choose a new president. A collapse of NAFTA talks will not kill the deal, but uncertainty over its future will disproportionately harm the Mexican economy, given the country's deep reliance on US trade.
For the July 1 presidential election, public anger at government is running high, thanks to high-profile corruption cases, drug gangs and sluggish growth. Demand for change favors Andrés Manuel López Obrador, who represents a fundamental break with the investor-friendly economic policies of recent years, particularly for the newly opened energy sector.
Donald Trump has it in for Iran. The nuclear deal will probably survive 2018, but there's a substantial chance that it won't. Trump will support Saudi Arabia and work to contain Iran in Syria, Iraq, Lebanon and Yemen. The US will more frequently sanction Iran for ballistic missile tests, perceived support for terrorism and human rights violations. Iran will push back. If the nuclear deal fails, Iran would ramp up its nuclear program, and the threat of US and/or Israeli strikes would again hang over the region, boosting oil prices.
The institutions that support and sustain peaceful and prosperous societies — governments, political parties, courts, the media and financial institutions — continue to lose the public credibility on which their legitimacy depends. In 2018, the populism apparent in the Brexit vote and election of Donald Trump will create a toxic, anti-establishment populism in developing countries. The resulting political turmoil, or a turn toward authoritarianism in some countries, will make economic and security policy less predictable.
The rise of anti-establishment movements in developed markets has forced (in some cases, enabled) policymakers to shift toward a more zero-sum approach to global economic competition and to look as if they're doing something about lost jobs. As a result, walls are going up.
Protectionism 2.0 creates barriers in the digital economy and innovation-intensive industries, not just manufacturing and agriculture. New barriers are less visible: Instead of import tariffs and quotas, today's tools of choice include "behind-the-border" measures such as bailouts, subsidies and "buy local" requirements. Finally, measures will more often be micro-targeted at political rivals.
Britain faces both acrimonious Brexit negotiations and the risk of domestic political turmoil. On Brexit, the principle that "nothing is agreed until everything is agreed" will encourage endless fights over details between and within the two sides. On domestic politics, management of Brexit could cost Prime Minister Theresa May her job. If so, she will likely be replaced by a more hardline Tory figure, significantly complicating the Article 50 negotiations. Or Labour Party leader Jeremy Corbyn will replace her after a new election, creating risks for both Article 50 negotiations and domestic economic policy.
Identity politics in Southern Asia comes in several forms: Islamism, anti-Chinese and anti-other minority sentiment and an intensifying nationalism in India. Islamism in parts of Southeast Asia fuels local forms of populism, most prominently in Indonesia and Malaysia. Resentment of ethnic Chinese, who hold a disproportionate share of wealth in several countries, has made a strong recent comeback, particularly in Indonesia.
Persecution of Myanmar's minority Muslim Rohingya has triggered a humanitarian crisis. In India, the risk is that Prime Minister Narendra Modi's use of Hindu nationalism to consolidate support ahead of the 2019 election could give cover to radicalized elements of society that want to target Muslims and lower-caste Hindus.
In 2018, negative spillover from Africa's unstable periphery (Mali, South Sudan, Somalia) will spill over into Africa's core countries (Cote d'Ivoire, Nigeria, Kenya, Ethiopia). The principle threats come from militancy and terrorism. The dangers posed by al-Shabaab in East Africa and al-Qaeda in West Africa are not new, but they're likely to intensify.
Foreign partners who have helped stabilize weak governments in the past are distracted. Kenya, Nigeria, Uganda and Ethiopia face increased security costs at a time when their governments need to reduce spending, and attacks would undermine foreign investor sentiment.


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Technical AnalysisWVFC
Stocks Under $10: How Overvalued is Molycorp?
Richard Suttmeier Follow
| Monday, 20 May 2013 01:45 (EST)
Molycorp (MCP) – ($6.76) has recently been downgraded to a Sell rating according to ValuEngine with fair value at 1.75, which makes the stock 300.0% overvalued. The one-year price target is $6.25. ValuEngine Profile – "Molycorp, Inc. produces rare earth oxide (REO) in the Western hemisphere. The Company expects to become the most integrated producers of rare earth products, including oxides, metals, alloys and magnets. The rare earths are critical inputs in existing and emerging applications including: clean energy technologies, such as hybrid and electric vehicles and wind power turbines; multiple high-tech uses, including fiber optics, lasers and hard disk drives; numerous defense applications, such as guidance and control systems and global positioning systems; and advanced water treatment technology for use in industrial, military and outdoor recreation applications. Molycorp, Inc. is based in Greenwood Village, Colorado."
Analysis – The daily chart for MCP shows declining momentum with the stock above its 21-day and 50-day simple moving averages at $5.80 and $5.73 and below its 200-day simple moving average at $8.85. My weekly value level is $5.58 with quarterly risky level at $7.76.
Courtesy of Thomson / Reuters
Mkt Price
One-Year Price Target
Last 12-Mon Retn (%)
5-Yr Avg Retn (%)
Follow	 WVFC WVS Financial Corp. 15.45 0.24 1.60 450 Trade
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


The following video provides a brief history by Dr. Evert Hoek of the field of rock engineering, with a look at a number of interesting case studies and examples.
"Evert Hoek was born in Zimbabwe, graduated in mechanical engineering from the University of Cape Town and became involved in rock mechanics in 1958 when he started working in research on problems of brittle fracture associated with very deep mines in South Africa. His degrees include a PhD from the University of Cape Town, a DSc (Eng) from the University of London and honorary doctorates from the Universities of Waterloo and Toronto in Canada. He is a Fellow of the Royal Academy of Engineering (UK), a Foreign Associate of the US National Academy of Engineering and a Fellow of the Canadian Academy of Engineering.


text:
New Super Mario 3D World trailer and special edition Switch console revealed
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The Switch version of Super Mario 3D World + Bowser's Fury will be accompanied by a limited edition version of the console in Mario red and blue.
The one, and only, Nintendo-made game currently scheduled for this year has just released a new trailer, making it clear that while Super Mario 3D World is yet another Wii U port it has a lot of exclusive new content.
The name Super Mario 3D World + Bowser's Fury was always reminiscent of the Mario & Luigi remasters, which tacked on a whole extra mini-game to the original and that seems to be what's happening here.
Nintendo still aren't being very explicit about what Bowser's Fury is but it seems to feature a much more dynamic camera than the original game, as well as Bowser Jr. using his paintbrush from Super Mario Sunshine.
Bowser's Fury looks like a great addition (pic: Nintendo)
The most obvious difference though is that Bowser has gone feral and grown to gigantic size, which seems to involve him periodically peppering the website with projectiles that can also be used as platforms.
The only counter to him appears to be growing Cat Mario to gigantic size, for a full-on kaiju battle, which seems marvellously absurd in that classic Nintendo fashion.
It all looks very good but the base game is also excellent – one of the best 3D Mario games ever and one relatively few have played, given it was originally only released on Wii U.
The base game will also be enhanced for the move to Switch but it's most important addition is online co-op for up to four people.
Super Mario 3D World + Bowser's Fury will be released on February 12, as well as a newly announced version of the Switch.
Nintendo Switch – Mario Red & Blue Edition is the same hardware underneath but uses Mario's distinctive dungaree-based colour scheme.
It comes with red Joy-Cons with blue straps, a blue Joy-Con grip, a red dock, and a red console – the first time the Switch itself has been available in any colour other than black.
A Mario Red & Blue Edition Carrying Case is also included, but there's no indication yet how much it's all going to cost. You can guarantee it's going to be very limited edition though.
This Mario Red & Blue Edition #NintendoSwitch will be available in stores starting 12/02. Let's-a go! #SuperMario35 pic.twitter.com/1WUCfiqwUo
— Nintendo UK (@NintendoUK) January 12, 2021
Spanish streamer destroys Ninja's Twitch record with 2.4 million viewers
Cyberpunk 2077 multiplayer will include heists claims leak


Ride on Sweepers for the Municipal roads and pavements of Municipal corporation of Nellore were flagged off by Dr P Narayan, State Minister for Municipal Administration & Urban Development, Urban Water Supply and Urban Planning, Nellore. Six of such ride on sweepers of different capacities were brought by the State.
Ride on Sweepers for the Municipal roads and pavements of Municipal corporation of Nellore were flagged off by Dr P Narayan, State Minister for Municipal Administration & Urban Development, Urban Water Supply and Urban Planning, Nellore. Six of such ride on sweepers of different capacities were brought by the State.


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News Article on Wang Paper - PIE is Anatolian again?
Page 10 of 11 First ... 891011 Last
Thread: News Article on Wang Paper - PIE is Anatolian again?
26-03-19, 16:53 #226
Cpluskx
Originally Posted by markod
Has this really been demonstrated convincingly? I've been wondering myself. Caucasus admixture as Hattian signal seems to make sense.
Related: https://colchianstudies.files.wordpr...asis_20071.pdf
Scenario would be like; Hattians invade Anatolia, pick up the IE language (why?) fragment and distribute it to Anatolia (like Latin->Romance languages) Earlier the language would move to Steppe via Balkan farmers. Total speculation.
ToBeOrNotToBe
I think the recent Iberia paper may have actually exposed a glimmer of doubt for Yamnaya being IE
Exactly. Yamnaya could have been a language related to Caucasian languages that was carried by R1b and that spread into Europe with its only living descendant being Basque. Since these cultures leave no written records, all theories about their language are just speculation.
Originally Posted by Joey37
That's what I'm leaning towards atm. No IE language can be shown to be traced back to Yamnaya rather than Corded Ware. So funnily enough, after the ridicule in this thread (and I also thought it ridiculous), I actually think PIE WAS a farmer language (just of one of the later waves into Europe, and that spread to Sredny Stog/proto-CW through Cucuteni-Trypillia). That, or PIE was aboriginal to the Western Pontic-Caspian Steppe (i.e. Sredny Stog) and spread early to Anatolia with Suvorovo
berun
in fact Iberian BB are devoid of CHG admixture, so it is more easy, they didn't came from steppes or Central Europe. The apparent EHG can be attributed to forcing programs to assign ADN chunks to given pops, maybe this recently published paper were there were diverse HG survivals or admixtures is delivering ghost pops.
"What I've seen so far after my entire career chasing Indoeuropeans is that our solutions look tissue thin and our problems still look monumental" J.P.Mallory
"The ultimate homeland of the group [PIE] that also spread Anatolian languages is less clear." D. Reich
Originally Posted by berun
They must have CHG, surely, otherwise it would be a dead giveaway
After all this time you still haven't figured out that Bell Beaker pottery is just that...a pottery style...and not an ethnicity, and that the original Iberians who used Beakers are DIFFERENT genetically from the Central European people who adopted beakers and other hallmarks of that culture?
Originally Posted by ToBeOrNotToBe
maybe you can find it, I'm not capable...
Originally Posted by Angela
I figure that BB is pottery inside a cultural package linked to a big demographic change in Western Europe carried mainly by R1b, that it is to say ethnicity, they had the same religion even. Maybe you could read more about them.
I definitely think a migration was involved with the spread of BB pottery to Iberia though, even if people of different ancestries used the pottery simultaneously. What that was I don't know (it could be North African-related, L51-related, G2a-related etc.), but I know it's very rare for brand new pottery styles to emerge with no clear immediate predecessor.
Megalophias
Let's try scaled Global25 on Iberia Bell Beaker (with steppe); it's surely not gospel, but it's something.
HG sources going eastward from Iberia:
68% Iberia CA, 19% El Miron, 13% Iberia N, 0% Iberia Mesolithic - distance 7.67479%
44% LBK N, 18% Iron Gates HG, 17% Vestonice 16, 21% Iberia CA - distance 5.6527%
55% Iberia CA, 24% EHG, 21% LBK N - distance 2.5947%
Adding CHG sources:
61% Iberia CA, 22% EHG, 17% Peleponnese N Outlier - distance 2.1621%
68% Iberia CA, 19% EHG, 7% CHG, 6% LBK N - distance 1.8130%
With Yamnaya:
72% Iberia CA, 28% Yamnaya Samara - distance 1.1723%
70% Iberia CA, 24% Yamnaya Samara, 4% EHG, 2% LBK N - distance 1.0501%
Has a somewhat higher ratio of EHG:CHG than Yamnaya does (unless this is some artifact of G25).
No matter how many people over the years have tried to explain it, no matter what tools they use, you don't grasp that people from a Bell Beaker "setting" are going to differ genetically based on time period and where they adopted the "Beaker" package.
Maciamo wrote about it years ago. Culture and genetics are NOT synonymous with this group. Period.
As for all IE languages being derived from a CWC language, do we already know if the steppe ancestry in the Balkans and especially in Greece and Armenia fits better with a (probably) Late Yamnaya/Early Catacomb or with a CWC origin? If the former, that would immediately falsify the idea that CWC can explain the entire expansion of IE languages. Besides, Yamnaya and Sredny Stog were autosomally and culturally much, much closer to each other than Yamnaya to any Caucasian CA or BA culture or to Cucuteni-Tripolye, which suggests to me that it is more likely that SS and Yamnaya shared the same language family than Yamnaya speaking a completely different language, let alone one of contemporaneous Caucasian stock (PIE was certainly a continuum of several dialects and maybe even had sister languages that eventually died out during the expansion of some more successful languages within that linguistic area).
Additionally, the Iberia paper as well as others confirmed that Central European BB was probably a big part of the history of Indo-Europeanization of Europe, but BB as far as I can see cannot be responsible for what happened in the Balkans (their easternmost reach was Hungary and they didn't have much influence beyond that), which also involved full Indo-Europeanization. Besides, it's not even certain that those Central European Bell Beakers were of CWC stock, and not coming from an intermediate homeland ultimately derived from Yamnaya. I find it tremendously unlikely that they just shifted to the language of theCWC women (not that they married only or mostly CWC women, they had far too much EEF ancestry for that), not just women, but women of a declining and generally less advanced culture than their own (language shift when the conquerors are a minority conquering a fully formed civilization is not a given, i.e. the Turkish in Anatolia or Arabs in Egypt, let alone when the conquerors are not absorbing a high culture and very complex society to rule them).
If you want to know my present leanings (of course they may change as I read more and more studies are released): ~5000 BC: Khvalynsk (pre-PIE) and Sredny Stog (para-PIE) > ~4200 B.C.: Suvorovo-Novodanilovka (early PIE) > 4000 B.C.: Sredny Stog and Late Khvalynsk (homogeneization of the languages of the steppe, followed by a new dialect continuum), with Suvorovo "islands" in the Balkans leading to the Indo-Europeanization of some communities (possibly in Cernavoda and/or Ezero) > 3500 B.C.: Repin/Early Yamnaya (second wave of linguistic homogeneization of the steppe, with LPIE dialects expanding and either absorbing or forcing a "reconvergence" of linguistic aspects towards a new lingua franca)... Or something like that. lol
Spread TO Iberia? Aren't the earliest BB remains from Iberia, more specifically Portugal? I've always thought of BB as a local, Iberian development (obviously foreign influences must have happened, too) that simply spread northward as a very prestigious cultural package through trade routes and maybe trade outposts and colonies to the North Sea region, where many people - not all, as we can see from the recent results of the arrival of steppe BB-like ancestry in the Balearic islands in the BA - picked it up much like Japanese people picked a lot of Western MATERIAL culture even if they maintained their cultural distinctiveness, ethnic identity and ancestry.
It's ultimately my gut instinct, clearly as that has changed a couple of times it isn't anything to rely on too heavily though. The main things I can think of atm are the fact that proto-Anatolian doesn't have the word for wheel (and PIE seems to have been spoken by a community familiar with farming), that Tocharian is likely not related to Afanasevo imo given the distance from the Tarim basin and the fact that likely Tocharian speakers from the Tarim Basin were CW-derived R1as, that in many ways it seems the CWC was not descended from Yamnaya, and that Yamnaya actually matches rather well with Dene-Caucasian of all things...
Yamnayan offshoots have presences in areas where Vasconic (BB culture - NOTE I STILL DON'T THINK IT WAS YAMNAYA DERIVED, but potentially derived from Kemi-Oba or something pre-Yamnaya), Yenesian (Afanasievo culture) and North Caucasian (Yamnaya proper but also potentially Maykop if Dene-Caucasian spread originally from Maykop) are spoken, with influence where Sino-Tibetan is spoken (Afanasevo introduced bronze metallurgy to East Asia and extremely extensive contacts with China existed with Afanasievo's descendents for thousands of years, so perhaps language transfer or at least influence was involved). That's Sino-Caucasian languages accounted for in terms of Yamnaya, Na Dene is harder to explain however they have modern swastikas and other similarities with areas of the Old World that only really date back at most to the 5th mBC (not getting into a debate about that though, but it's one of the things that I'll never change my mind on and not out of narrow-mindedness).
I definitely do think Catacomb was IE as it just makes a lot of sense for Greek and Armenian, so idk. Maybe Catacomb was influenced by CW, or perhaps everything I've mentioned so far are actually Repin and not Yamnaya offshoots as they all lack kurgans (afaik none in Afanasievo, BBs etc.) and thus Yamnaya was IE-ised by Maykop but Repin predating Maykop influence wasn't?
Yeah I meant from its proto-Beaker form which has no parallels in Iberia, should have clarified. Cultural packages don't really spring out of nowhere without previous prototypes or influence from outside.
One curious tidbit which is confusing me - the Beaker physical type is associated with L51 Central Europeans, but the few North African-influenced individuals we've found in Iberia were gigantic and brachycephalic too. So I don't really know whether that's coincidence or not (I hate coincidences but it may be the case here)
Steppe is by definition modeled as EHG + CHG... So if you would found Steppe + CHG in EBA Iberia, this would be unrelated to Steppe and just extra CHG from a maritime road or something. That is how logic would you to interprete it. So not founding extra CHG makes actually pretty much sense for a northern road having ultimate origin in a Steppe population. Why would Steppe in Steppe being EHG + CHG and Steppe in Iberia just being EHG... Or am i completely missing the point and Iberia EBA only have EHG and they interprete it as Steppe? It cannot be that, this would be a huge shortcut.
Post-Yamnaya Steppe populations shows that probably debuting in Catacomb / Poltavka and until Historical times, Z2103 was not anymore the only dominant lineage but Z93 coexisted with, as we saw that Scythians of western ukraine were mainly still Z2103. Both Armenians and Greeks mainly shows Z2103 and Z93 as R lineages, without the clades linked with post-Antiquity migrations. Catacomb and Poltavka could have been newly and conflicting populations in terms of R1a/R1b and Centum/Satem languages.
Can you show the datas for this.
I think what we might take in account when talking about IE languages per opposition to AA ones for exemple. All IE languages have direct links all each other. Vocabulary, Morphology, Phonology and all Sound changes, Shifts etc... have a logical pattern of evolution, it's a very coherent pattern and makes me think of Classical Latin and all the Romance dialects that are very coherent too, even tho the distance between them sometimes and that they all evolved from little regional dialects at the beginning. It just sounds like IE dialects evolved ultra fast, no resting. The time between the first expansion from the original Urheimat to their " Classical " distribution have probably lasted less than 2000 years ( Anatolian and Tocharian dialects included ). Even tho they are already in Antiquity very shifted, all IE languages could really be seen as just Dialects of a same language. Even the Gods are mostly the same, a part of Names, the functions are still there and there is parallels everywhere. Now try to do the same with Ancient Egyptian, Tamazight and Ancient Eastern Semitic languages, it absolutely not gonna work. PAA language is way way older than PIE and expanded way way slower than IE dialects.
FIREYWOTAN
What is that we expect? I wonder when we look around us nothing seems real but over the hourglass clock what has stayed constant? Maybe the greatest wrong is when someone pontificates a deep knowledge and it turns out to have no CORE TRUTH. the challenge is establish a balance and continue to work through those highs and lows of what's happening at the moment.
I want to believe in all that we share but at times the pieces are hard to except without focus but each pieces can easily come to contradict where we started from. Thank you for listening and sharing it just hard to believe that one answer can solve the problems even within the moment.
Originally Posted by Megalophias
Global25? what is it?
we were speaking about Iberian BB? of course the genetic profile will differ between carriers, admixeds and adopters of the culture, it happens worldwide, as per example USA or Italy itself. What you are not understanding with me?
I don't know what you're trying to get to, but you're comparing things that are chronologically very far apart from each other. Dené-Caucasian is a (very fringe, in fact) hypothesis that is assumed to relate to language expansions that happened dozens of thousands of years ago, still in the Paleolithic era. Some of the Caucasian language families, fully formed, and very distinct from each other, are estimated to have started to split more than 4000-5000 years ago. Dené-Yeniseian is dated to at the very least 4000 to 5000 years ago. Yamnaya is just way too late for all of those developments. Yamnaya would probably have very little to do with the present distribution of the language families you're talking about even if they were ultimately related, because that link would be thousands of years before Yamnaya (and that's a really big if, aside from Starostin and some other "bold" scientists not many linguists think we can go back that far in the reconstruction of proto-languages based on a few similar roots and particles, and Starostin's work has been shown to have many mistranslations and incorrect semantic correspondences to try to force a nonexistant fit between extremely distant language families). There is no way that language families as profoundly different as Vasconisc, Yeniseian and North Caucasian (which of them? It's still very arguable if Northwest and Northeast Caucasian are directly related, actually even the two main branches of Northeast Caucasian are so distant from each other that their divergence is assumed to be extremely old, at least 4000-5000 years). I think you're trying a bit too hard to fit Yamnaya into this whole (and very controversial) Dené-Caucasian thing. Chronologically and linguistically it just makes no sense.
As for genetics, it's most likely that CWC does not derive from Yamnaya, it's actually contemporaneous with Yamnaya in the latter's mid and late phase, so chronologically it doesn't make much sense. But autosomally the steppe component in the CWC is very close to that of the Yamnaya, and their Y-DNA haplogroup was present in the Pontic-Caspian steppe that would become mostly Yamnaya roughly just before the predecessors to CWC expanded northward. So it makes sense that they were just a closely related population that probably had preserved more Sredny Stog patrilineal lineages and avoided Yamnayization by pushing northward and eventually spreading to North Europe. I find it very unlikely that they wouldn't have spoken LPIE at least when they migrated, because I am definitely not sure that all IE language branches can be derived from CWC, and I'm also unconvinced by the idea that the CWC, not being themselves a great and powerful civilization, managed to convince non-IE-speaking people to their West (BB) and to their South (Catacomb) and perhaps even some others still to speak LPIE dialects even as they were, in some cases, receding and declining (as in ~2500-2200 B.C. Central Europe).
Are you sure about that? I had read that there are some antecedente ceramic styles (Cordoz or something like that, I don't remember the name well now) in Portugal that might have served as the inspiration for the bell beakers. Some have also speculated that there might've been North African influences coupled with local trends. In any case, I think genetics has already established quite well that the earliest BB people of Iberia were not genetically the same population as the BB of Central Europe. That wouldn't be the first time that people spread a cultural mode that wasn't originally theirs (Arabs did just that in their so-called "Arab" architecture, many non-genetically Roman/Central Italian people did that spreading all things Roman to all corners of Europe, Turks did that spreading a lot of originally Iranic cultural stuff, and so on).


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text:
Przegląd Zachodni
2009 | 4(333) | 3-34
THE IMMIGRATION POLICY OF THE FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY (Polityka imigracyjna Federalnej Republiki Niemiec)
Szaniawska-Schwabe Magdalena.
Selected contents from this journal
http://www.iz.poznan.pl/pz/index.php?p=pzlista&lang=pl
Contemporary Federal Republic of Germany is unarguably an immigrant state, German society being a vibrant multicultural conglomerate whose integral part are persons of immigrant descent. In spite of this, German immigration policy markedly departs from models implemented by classic immigrant states such as Canada or Australia. Many years the German administration refused to acknowledge that Germany was in fact an immigration state, thereby hampering the crystallization of a comprehensive immigration policy, which was substituted by summary regulations. Political efforts focused on limiting the wave of immigrants and exercising strict control of the access of foreigners to the German labor market. Germans did not respond in an adequate way to the problems of foreigners and were reluctant to recognize they were a multicultural society. Political praxis shaped a model of immigration in principle oriented towards short-term and rotational gainful immigration, which in consequence led to exclusion of foreigners from social and political life. The first immigration act that regulated the issue in a comprehensive way came into effect only fifty years after the signing of the first bilateral agreement on the recruitment of workforce in 1955. Deficits of immigration policy are evident in the phenomenon of 'parallel societies', meager acquisition of the German language by immigrants, conflicts on the labor market and in state schools as well as in invariably low rates of naturalization. In the face of negative demographic trends and an obvious shortage of specialists, the FRG is compelled to modify its by now obsolete immigration policy.
GERMAN SOCIETY IMMIGRATION POLICY IMMIGRATION STATE
SOCIOLOGY: SOCIOLOGY
Instytut Zachodni. Instytut Naukowo-Badawczy im. Zygmunta Wojciechowskiego w Poznaniu
Szaniawska-Schwabe Magdalena., ms@progressives-zentrum.org
Magdalena Szaniawska-Schwabe, Instytut Zachodni, Instytut Naukowo-Badawczy, ul. Mostowa 27, 61-854 Poznan, Poland
bwmeta1.element.854289e1-dca5-30e3-9f08-20b467c57151


text:
Wednesday, 13-November-2013
almotamar.net -
Republic of Yemen
Location and Area:
Yemen is an Islamic Arab country located in the southwestern of Arabian Peninsula, in the southwestern of Asia.
It is bordered by Saudi Arabia to the north, the Sultanate of Oman to the east, Arabian Sea to the south and the Red Sea to the west.
It has many islands alongside the Red Sea and Arabian Sea, the largest one of all is the island of Suqutra, around 150 km away from Yemeni nearest coast.
Ancient geographers used to call Yemen "Arabia Felix". In the Old Testimony it was mentioned as the south and it was said that Yemen's name was attributed to (Aiman Ben Ya'arob Ben Kahtan). In the Arabic cultural heritage and as the Yemenis themselves, its name derived from the Arabic word (Yuomn) which means the blessedness or welfare and this agrees with the name of the ancient name Arabia Felix.
On the other hand, some of the Arab historians said it is called Yemen because it is located in the right direction of Al-Ka'aba. All in all, its present name is "the Republic of Yemen "
Geographical Features and Topography:
Yemen has got a very spectacular topography ranging from high mountains to mysterious dunes desert and from fertile flatlands to more than 2000 km of breath-taking beaches on the Arabian Sea in the south and Red Sea in the west.
The geographical features are divided into five divisions as the following:
The Coastal Region is more than 2500 km extended alongside the Red Sea in the west, the Gulf of Aden and Indian Ocean in the south and the Arabian Sea in the east.
This region includes the governorates of Aden, Hodeiddah, Lahj, Abyan, al-Maharah and parts of Hadramout.
The Mountainous Region
It begins in the north and extends southward to the area called Bab Al-Mandab, where it makes a turn eastwards alongside the Arab Sea, ending in Al-Mahara. The mountains highest ranges from 1000 meter to 3600 meter above sea level.
The mountainous region contains several valleys such as:
Valleys, whish pour its waters in the Red Sea, like Wadi Haradh, Wadi Moor , Wadi Sordod ,Wadi Siham ,Wadi Rasian Wadi Zabeed and Wadi Moza'a .
Valleys, which pour its waters in the Gulf of Aden and the Arab Sea, are Wadi Tuban, Wadi Bana, Wadi Ahwar and Wadi Hudramout.
Valleys, which pour its waters in the desert, are Wadi Khap, Wadi Algoof and Wadi Athnah in addition to Wadi Harreap and Wadi Jerdan and others.
This region includes the governorates of Sana'a, Hajja, Al-Mahweat , Sa'ada , Dhammar, Al-Bidha , Al-Dhale and Taiz.
The Region of Eastern Plains:
It is consisted of sedimentary rocks and lies at the eastern and the northern of the mountainous region and it spans is adjacent to it. It reaches its maximum highest at 1000 meters and waters drop to it from the mountainous region.
This region includes the governorates of Al-Mahara, Al-Jawf, Shabbwa, Hadhramout and parts of the governorate of Sa'ada.
The Region of Al-Rub'o Al-Khali (Empty Quarter)
It is the Yemeni desert region without plants and characterized by its moving dunes sands. In the past, the Al-Rubo' Al-Khali used to be called the largest Yemeni desert or Al-Ahqaf desert.
The Yemeni Islands:
There is a large number of the Yemeni islands spread alongside the Red Sea and the Arab Sea. Yemeni islands are characterized by unique topography and spectacular environment.
The Red Sea includes the largest number of the islands which constitutes an archipelago alongside the Yemeni beach.
The Island of Kamaran is the largest and the most important one in the Red Sea, it is inhabited by people and rare animals. There are also the islands of Baklan, Al-Tir, and Al-Fashet in the north of Kamaran and in the south of it there are the islands of Zuqar and the archipelago of Hunish which includes the Greater Hunish and the smaller Hunish, while the island of Meyoun controls the Strait of Bab Al-Mandab and it splits it.
There are also several small islands; the important of them are the islands of Abdul-Kori, Al-Akhawin, Samhah and Derrssah.
In the Arabian Sea, Yemeni islands spread close to each other, the largest and the most famous one of all is the Island of Suqutra.
Suqutra is a 3625 km². It is located in the Indian Ocean, some 450 km south of the Yemeni economic city of Aden but it is a part of Hadramout province of Yemen.
With estimated population of 45,000, Suqutra Island has three geographical terrains: the narrow coastal plains, a limestone plateau permeated with karst caves, and the higher mountains reaches to 5000 feet.
The climate is generally tropical desert, with rainfall being light, seasonal (winter) and more abundant at the higher ground in the interior than along the coastal lowlands.
The monsoon season brings strong winds and high seas making marine transportation from June to September inaccessible.
However, in July 1999 a new airport opened in Socotra.
The long geological isolation of Socotra and its fierce heat and drought have combined to create a unique and spectacular endemic flora.
Surveys have revealed that more than a third of the 800 or so plant species of Socotra are found nowhere else. Botanists rank the flora of Socotra among the ten most endangered island flora in the world.
One of the most striking of Sucutra's plants is the dragon's blood tree (Dracaena cinnabari), which is a strange-looking, umbrella-shaped tree. Its red sap was the dragon's blood of the ancients, sought after as a medicine and a dye.
The island also has a fairly rich bird fauna, including a few types of endemic birds, such as the Suqutra Starling Onychognathus frater, the Socotra Sunbird Chalcomitra balfouri, Socotra Sparrow Passer insularis and Socotra Golden-winged Grosbeak Rhynchostruthus socotranus.
Fourteen mammal and 175 bird species that live today on the island have been recorded as endemic species. Being virtually isolated from the rest of the world for a long period, Suqutra remains one of the most fascinating places on earth.
Its unique character with greatest Biological diversity makes Socotra a potential candidate for designation as one of the new 7 wonders of nature.
Suqutra Island has been recently nominated to become one of the new 7 wonders of natural monuments. The competition is adopted by the Swiss foundation new7wonders.com to choose the most wonderful natural landscapes all over the world.
Minister of Tourism Nabil al-Faqih stated that Suqutra Island has been chosen to participate in the competition of the New 7 Wonders of nature run by the Swiss foundation "New7wonders" via the Internet.
Al-Faqih said that the ministry had finished necessary procedures to register Suqutra on the nominations list of the Swiss foundation for rivaling on the list of new 7Wonders of nature.
Hadramout's governor Abdullah Hajir affirmed that the nomination of Socotra to become one of the new7wonders of nature would create more opportunities for tourist investment and development.
Climate:
Yemen is one of the countries of the largest cellular radiation due to the sun's perpendicular upon it around the year but the diversity of its geographical features gives rise to diversification in its climate.
In the coastal regions, the climate used to be hot and moist in the summer whereas in the winter it is often moderate.
In the inner and mountainous region, the climate usually ranges from cool in the winter to moderate in the summer, the moderate climate also prevails in the slopes and plateaus regions where the average of temperature ranges from 10 to 30 degrees Celsius in summer whereas it goes down to fall below zero in winter.
The average of moistness may reach up to 80 percent with an average of rainfalls ranges from 300 to more than 1000 mm per a year .The climate, which prevails in the eastern region, is widely different since it is characterized by drought and the temperature there exceeds 40 degrees Celsius in summer, while it goes down to 10-15 degrees Celsius in winter.
The rainfalls rate doesn't exceed the average of 50 –100 mm, particularly at the bounds of Al-Rubo' Al-Khali (the Empty Quarter). Between the above two climate regions lies the central region which spans from the north and the east of Sana'a to the bounds of Marib.
The entire area of Yemen's territory has come under the influence of the torrential winds which are coming from the east; it is also influenced by the air's downfalls in the west which used to be accompanied by rains in summer season.
The Population:
The Republic of Yemen has nearly 23 million people (according to the latest census conducted in 2007).
Arabic is the official language of the country with English being the most widely used as a second language.
Islam is the official religion of the whole country except a small minority of Jews.
Traditional Industries and Handicrafts:
There are many traditional industries and handicrafts in Yemen, which have been handed down throughout the generations. Such industries and handicrafts are characterized by their beauty and attractiveness, particularly those associated with architecture, ornaments and decoration, traditional weapons, clothes and garments, earthenware and stoneware, leather products, and tools and materials made of palm fiber and leaves, etc.
Handicrafts centers exist throughout the Republic and such products can be sampled in the traditional markets of many cities and at the weekly markets called (Souks(
Visas:
The visitor can get entry visa to the Republic of Yemen from the Yemeni Embassy or Consulate in his country and payment of a minimal Consular fee. Prospective visitors from countries with which Yemen has no diplomatic or consular representation, an extendible 96-hour transit visa from the port of entry can be obtained.
Upon arrival, the visitor is given one-month residence permit. There is no need to register at police stations or to apply for an exit visa during the scheduled one-month period.
Ports of Entry:
Visitors can enter Yemen via its airports, i.e., Sana'a, Aden, Rayan in Hadhramaut and Taiz International Air- ports.
By Sea: through the seaports, i.e., Hudaidah port, Mokha port on the Red Sea, port of Aden on the Gulf of Aden, Mukalla and Nashton ports on the Arab Sea.
By land: Yemen has three passageways: two in the north: Haradh and Albuqa'a entry points from Saudi Arabia. The third inlet is Habrot on the eastern border with the Sultanate of Oman.
The Yemen currency is the Yemen Rial consisting of l00 fils, issued in bank notes and coins. Bank notes are available in denominations of 1000, 500, 200, l00 and 50.
Coins come in denominations of 20, l0 and 5 Yemeni Rial. The exchange rate is now quite stable, 200 YR to 1 US dollar. The visitors can exchange most international currencies in exchange establishments or banks, which are available all over Yemeni towns.
Health Codes:
An International Vaccination Certificate is required from citizens of countries, which are listed in the World Health Organization (WHO), except children less than one year old.
Official Working Days and Hours:
Working hours in governmental offices are: Saturday to Wednesday from 8.00 am to 3.00pm. Thursday is a rest day and Friday is the weekly holiday. The private sector working hours are: Saturday to Wednesday 8.00 am–12.00 noon and 4.00 pm – 7.00pm. • Thursday: 8.00 am-1.00 pm. Friday is the weekly holiday. The market place is open almost all day long up to the early hours of night.
Official Holidays:
- Eid Al-Fitr (Breakfasting Feast), from 29th of Ramadhan until 3rd of Shawal.
- Eid Al-Adha (Haj Feast), from 9th – 13th Thu-al-Hajah.
- Hijra New Year (Anniversary of the Holy Prophet Emigration on the 1st of Muharram), one day.
- Labor Day (1st of May), one day.
- National Day (22nd of May), one day.
-26th of September (Revolution Day), one day.
- 14th of October. (Revolution Day), one day.
- Thursday and Fridays, weekend.
Banking Services:
Modern and reliable Banking services are available in most cities. Major cards are available, and honored in larger hotels, and banks.
Electricity: 220 Volts, 50-60 Hz.
Telecommunications:
A modern Telecommunications network that provides worldwide direct access telephone calls, facsimile service, and internet service covers all the Yemeni land.
Health care:
Public, and private hospitals, and pharmacies are spread around the country. Most provide around –the –clock services.
Tourist hotels are available in all major cities, and many secondary cities, with service levels ranging from one-star to five stars. Some hotels are local subsidiaries for international hotel chains.
Travel and tourist services:
There are many tourist agencies operating under license from the local authorities. They organize tours around the country. They also provide tour guides speaking different languages, and rent out cars for those interested.
Airport procedures:
Immigration forms are given to you on the plane and have to be handed at passport control. Customs officers check the luggage closely for alcohol, videotapes and magazines that contain sex pictures.
As a foreigner and a tourist, you will be treated in special way everywhere in Yemen. From the airport, there are taxis but no regular bus service to town. Normally, tourist offices organize transportation for their tourists, but if you take a taxi it will not cost more than US$ 10 from the airport to any area in Sana'a or Aden.
Inside the city there are three options:
1-Taxies that will cost you only US$ 1 for short distances of less than 15 minutes, there are taxies with meters.
2- Small buses (Dabab) Dababs run in fixed routes around the city, picking up and dropping off passengers in demand. You will need to speak Arabic, or use sign language. Fares are approx US$0.20.
3-Hiring a car there are some car rental offices where you can hire a car. An international driving license is required. Prices start from US$ 40 per day.
Transportations:
Air transportation is available to most big cities on a local level. International flights are available to Sana'a, Aden, Hodeidah, Mokalla and other airports. Yemenia maintains direct international serves to major cities in Europe, India, and the Middle East.
Most Yemen visitors arrive at Sana'a International Airport and then proceed with Yemenia to other cities.Ground transportations between smaller cities are cheapest by collective taxi but more comfortable by having a private taxi.
Small groups tend to travel in four-wheel drive vehicles with driver provided by many different companies. A private transport and an experienced driver give the visitor more freedom to explore remote places and manage the time as preferred. In addition, the cost of a reliable transportation and the driver is worthwhile.
Inside the cities, usually there will be a buses or minibuses that is very cheap. But it serves from and to certain places. Another option for transportation is taxis, which are available everywhere down the street. Some tourists prefer to rent a car, which is not a bad idea. You would need an international driving license and a make sure to maintain all the important papers for the car that shows that ownership of the car and an authorization for driving it from the cars rental agency.
Some agencies offer an experienced driver who will take care of everything about the car and may help you get to know important places to see. Some of them work as tour guides. "As one travels through the regions of Yemen, from the hot coastal plain of the Tihama to the cool mountain villages of the central highlands and to the remote valleys of the Hadramout there is such a diversity of landscape, architecture, and vegetation that it is like moving from one country to another. Yet, the impression of Yemen as a land of contrasts is deceptive.
There are common strands of identity running through the fabric. The fiercely individualistic character of each place and its people reveals itself gradually not as a discordant factor in essence but as the way of the country as a whole.
The common identity of Yemen does not exist necessarily in a sense of uniformity or consensus of opinion but rather in the vigorous defense of the small unit, be it family or tribe or village. A unified cultural heritage characterizes Yemenis who have diversity of expression."
Traveling in the country:
To appreciate Yemen's considerable natural beauty, one has to leave the city and explore the countryside. While the main roads are well surfaced and traveling them is a comfortable experience, taking to the rugged mountain tracks in a 4-wheel-drive vehicle is an adventure well worth the effort.
The serpentine mountain roads offer breathtaking views into Wadis lined by countless man-made terraces. Visit the barren eastern mountains with their fascinating rock formations and be awed by the encroaching desert's sand dunes. Dive into the clear waters of the Red Sea or the Indian Ocean or explore the tropical flora and fauna of the lower "Wadies" or valleys with their clear monsoon streams and unique settlements and culture.
And if you like the off beat, do not miss the experience of crossing the desert "Ramlat Assaba'atyin" on the southern corner of the Rub'a-alkhali, between Marib and Shabwa, the shortest way to the famous Wadi Hadramout. You can follow the ancient Gold and Incense Road along the edge of the desert.
In Marib you can visit the old great Marib dam, The Queen of Sheba temple and the remains of ancient civilizations. To enjoy the varied scenery, explore mysterious historical sites, marvel at the architecture, and most of all meet the people, many of whom maintain their original ways of life, is an unforgettable experience.
Wherever you go, children will appear curious, boisterous, and sometimes annoying, you do not need to give them any thing, just small smile and show some good humor and they will love you.
Men and children (male & female) are willing to have their pictures taken, but are more cautious with women. Photographing women, even if veiled, is considered very rude and risky. Also be careful not to photograph military sites, airports or harbors, which are restricted security areas.
Despite the restrictions, Yemen is a photographer's paradise. Some of your shots of traditional activities, like plough with the help of a donkey or grinding sesame with a camel, have potential historic value, because the old ways, now still widely observed, are destined to become things of the past.
This story was printed at: Thursday, 18-July-2019 Time: 08:11 PM
Original story link: http://www.almotamar.net/en/8756.htm


Home » Q&A » How to Find Hidden Spyware on Android?
How to Find Hidden Spyware on Android?
Monitoring software is an extremely useful product if used wisely. Undoubtedly, we all want to be the smart ones, the ones who monitor other's activity along with phones. But what if we are who being targeted and it's our phones are being monitored?
In order to track your Android phone and monitor every keystroke and any activity, someone needs to install a surveillance software onto the cell phone. Besides obvious reasons this could happen due to malware – a part of other innocent apps downloaded recently. But also your jealous spouse might have done this as surveillance software allows tracking each other's activity, texts, chats and calls.
How to know that your Android phone is being tracked? Is a surveillance app like a keylogger installed on the phone? You can check your Android for spyware presence by analyzing the following signs: suddenly low battery, unusually hot cell and strange background noises, an unusual usage of data. If you noticed such behavior on your Android, it means that you are being spied on through your phone.
Random boots is another indication of a spy apps on Android. As well as weird text messages with strange letter combinations or numbers. These are command your spies use to communicate with hacked target gadget. Also, you may notice unknown apps showing up out of nowhere on your phone – because of malware as well as spyware that downloads various apps without owner's consent.
If you want to be completely sure that it is not your paranoia and your Android is being tracked, try to run anti-spy programs. Anti tracking software, the best of which is Avast, is available at the app market. Avast Free Antivirus can successfully detect and block your phone from being tracked.
How to find and remove spyware from Android phone?
In case spy app is on your phone, you can uninstall it. Try to find malware products manually by scanning your Android and viewing your Apps folder. After finding anything unfamiliar and suspicious – uninstall it. The easiest way out is wiping the cell clean and after mentioned procedure starting from the scratch. This procedure might be time-consuming, but it ensures the safety of your data like no other. Stop someone from spying on your cell phone.
Hi, I picked up a keylogger i think it might be from what i have gathered, when i tried to download a keyboard app for my pc and remotely link it up with my Android Tablet.
i very shortly realised something was wrong and did all i knew of at the time, to rid myself of this software and i restored my pc and so forth.
it proceeded to mention things like it knew me and how to play on that, but then it mentioned, how all us young people will get together and waste our lives drinking alcohal at OUR LOCAL CLUB. it mentioned this place by name.
i am young, and im very much anti conformist, i hate that place and all the people who go there. social stigmas and so on.
so what pathways would anyone suggest i pursue after this? i would like to know if the logger is still around despite the anti virus' and spy bots and so on….


text:
Justice officials testing waters for sentencing reform promised by Liberals
OTTAWA — The Justice Department wants to know what Canadians think of changing some of the former Conservative government's controversial tough-on-crime sentencing legacy — including mandatory minimum penalties — before the Liberals bring in their promised reforms.
An online survey asks respondents to judge several scenarios involving mitigating circumstances surrounding a crime, such as a brain-damaged offender whose condition leads to poor decision-making skills, or an offender who acted out of character and has apologized to the victim in court.
Consider, for example, the fictional case of Sarah, a 36-year-old single mother struggling with addiction who was convicted of drug trafficking after she was caught selling some of her prescription opioid pills.
The survey says she had a knife in her backpack, which she claimed was for her own protection, and after she went to jail, her two children were placed with child welfare services because she had no family to take them in.
The survey, conducted by EKOS Research Associates, Inc., says everyone convicted of drug trafficking while carrying a weapon must be sentenced to at least one year behind bars, no matter the circumstances, and then asks respondents whether they believe the sentence is appropriate and fair.
The Liberals have promised legislative changes to mandatory minimum sentences, including at least some of the dozens the Conservatives imposed, or increased, over the decade they were in power.
Proponents of mandatory minimum penalties argue they help ensure consistency in sentencing, while critics have decried them for taking away the ability of judges to use their discretion in handing down a consequence that fits not only the crime, but also the person convicted of committing it.
Justice Minister Jody Wilson-Raybould, who said earlier this summer about half the charter challenges her officials are tracking involve mandatory minimum penalties, is expected to introduce legislation this fall.
Ottawa-based criminal defence lawyer Michael Spratt said he is concerned the survey suggests the Liberal government is looking to public opinion, rather than evidence, when it comes to shaping its justice policy.
"Governing your justice policy based on the popular opinion is a dangerous game that potentially could undermine the rule of law and important constitutional protections," Spratt said.
Yvon Dandurand, a criminologist at the University of the Fraser Valley in Abbotsford, B.C., said he does not share that view because he knows the Liberal government is doing much more than polling when it comes to its review of the criminal justice system.
"They have done just about everything else to develop a good, rational policy on sentencing so to find out where public opinion lies is just part of that," Dandurand said.
Kathleen Davis, a spokeswoman for Wilson-Raybould, said the survey, which was not crafted by her office, is part of a broader effort by the department to engage the public on such issues, including focus groups and a more traditional public opinion survey using a randomized sample.
She said other topics they will explore this fall include restorative justice, sexual assault, court delays, Indigenous issues and mental health.
Davis also said she has seen preliminary results of the survey, which she would not release, and that she was surprised by the level of support for repealing mandatory minimum penalties.
"That goes against the narrative that's out there that the public would not be in favour of that," she said.
Carissima Mathen, a University of Ottawa law professor, said she would be concerned if the survey results were being used to determine policy, but said it could serve to educate people about "complexities in the criminal justice system," including how sentencing goes beyond the crime.
NDP justice critic Alistair MacGregor said he hopes the polling means the Liberals are getting closer to acting on their promise.
"I guess at the end of the day, you have to say better late than never," he said.
– Joanna Smith
News from © Canadian Press Enterprises Inc. 2017
Justice reform consultations ask Canadians to think beyond law and order
Ontario plans stiff new laws, beefed up penalties for drug-impaired drivers
Alberta won't appeal ruling on impaired driving law, will make changes: minister
'First line of defence:' Calgary schools get toolkit against child abuse
penalities
Conference Board of Canada seeks to improve emergency response
Immigration board to audit process for reviewing long term detention


text:
Saxophone Players Have An Epic Battle On the NYC Subway
Only in New York! Several subway passengers were surprised to see that their subway car had not one but two different saxophone players. One was casually playing when the other joined in quickly after the first note. Soon, a battle had begun.
The men then faced off in the middle of the car. They played some classics like "Billy Jean" by Michael Jackson, "Chameleon" by Herbie Hancock, and more and more. Passengers quickly got into the action, cheering on the unknown instrumentalists.
The video has earned almost 14 million views and counting. Some theorized that the action was staged, but others prefer to remember it as a random act of awesome.
Neither player has yet been identified, but hopefully, their work will elicit a name soon. If not, at least the subway riders got to hear some sweet sounds on their daily commute!


A huge thank you to our ambassadors for sending a press release to their local newspapers about the challenges they and their families face at Christmas.
We've had some fantastic results from the press release and the response was truly outstanding at such an early stage in the life of the Autism Action Network.
Kicking-off the coverage, Victoria's press release got her quoted in the newspaper, along with Autism Helpline manager Emma Delaney.
A great double whammy for Geraldine, who went on air on two of Cambridge's biggest radio stations two days in a row to talk about autism and Christmas time.
Hitting a national audience, Machita shared her experience with a journalist from this website aimed at women over the age of fifty. This was a great audience to reach with Christmas messages and also resulted in a fantastic plug for our Christmas fundraising campaign, FestiviTea.
Marco got his press release featured in the Plymouth Herald and even went down to the paper's offices to get his photo taken next to the office Christmas tree for the story.
Jacquelyn arranged an interview with the newspaper, who sent down a photographer to take some photos of Jacquelyn and her daughter. Jacquelyn got her daughter involved by getting her to write down what she finds tough at Christmas, so that Jacquelyn could use her daughter's thoughts in the interview - great idea.
As a result of her efforts, Nicola secured a slot to talk about autism and Christmas time on Kent's local KMFM radio station. Great to have yet more of the airwaves dedicated to the important topic.
Thanks finally to Karen, who agreed to let us use her story for a news story on our website about Christmas. Our website is a key resource for people affected by autism and we're thrilled to be able to share Karen's story and point people towards the advice they want.
These results are a testament to the sheer number of ambassadors who took part in this awareness raising about Christmas. Press coverage is never guaranteed, so we also want to say a massive thanks to all of you who sent out the release but didn't get any coverage on this occasion. Hopefully these stories will encourage you to get involved again in the future.


text:
Q: $scope.myArrayOfObjects.push is not a function I need help please.
I'm working with AngularJS and Angular Material. I try push a object to an array, but it sends me a message "$scope.myArrayOfObject.push is not a function".
My code:

controller("ClientesCTRL",function($scope,$http,$q,$timeout,$location, datosFactory, userFactory, $mdDialog){
  $scope.clientes = [];
  user = userFactory.getUser();
  if(user){
    $scope.selected = [];

      $scope.query = {
        filter : '',
       order: 'rut',
       limit: 5,
       page: 1
      };

      var data =  {'op':1, 'rut' : user.rut};
      $http.post('functions/ClientesCTRL.php', data)
      .success(function(results){
        console.log(results);
        $scope.clientes = results;
      });

      $scope.onpagechange = function(page, limit) {
       var deferred = $q.defer();

       $timeout(function () {
         deferred.resolve();
       }, 2000);

       return deferred.promise;
      };

      $scope.onorderchange = function(order) {
       var deferred = $q.defer();

       $timeout(function () {
         deferred.resolve();
       }, 2000);

       return deferred.promise;
      };

      $scope.verContacto = function(){
        datosFactory.setClienteContacto($scope.selected[0]);
        $location.path("/contactos")
      };

      $scope.eliminarCliente = function(ev) {
      // Appending dialog to document.body to cover sidenav in docs app
      var confirm = $mdDialog.confirm()
            .title('Eliminar Clientes')
            .content('Estás seguro?')
            .ariaLabel('Lucky day')
            .targetEvent(ev)
            .ok('Eliminar')
            .cancel('Cancelar');
      $mdDialog.show(confirm).then(function() {
        alert("Cliente eliminado");
      }, function() {

      });
    };

      $scope.addCliente = function(ev){
          $mdDialog.show({
          controller: AddClienteController,
          templateUrl: 'addClienteForm.html',
          parent: angular.element(document.body),
          targetEvent: ev,
          clickOutsideToClose:true
        })
        .then(function(c) {
          console.log(c);

          var data =  {'op':3, 'cl' : c, 'user':user};
          console.log(data);
          $scope.clientes.push(c);
          $http.post('functions/ClientesCTRL.php', data)
          .success(function(results){
            if(results){
              alert("Cliente agregado");
              $scope.clientes = [];
              $scope.clientes.push(c);
            }else{
              alert("Error al agregar cliente");
            }
            console.log(results);
          });

        }, function() {
          $scope.status = 'You cancelled the dialog.';
        });
      };

      function AddClienteController($scope, $mdDialog, $http) {
        $http.post("functions/UsuarioCTRL.php",{'op':14})
        .success(function(results){
          if(results !== null){
            $scope.formaspago = results;
          }
        });
        $scope.hide = function() {
          $mdDialog.hide();
        };
        $scope.cancel = function() {
          $mdDialog.cancel();
        };
        $scope.btnAddCliente = function() {
          $mdDialog.hide($scope.addCliente);
        };
      };
    }
<md-dialog style="width:600px;" aria-label="Agregar Cliente"  ng-cloak>
  <form>
    <md-toolbar>

 Agregar Cliente/Empresa

      <md-button class="md-icon-button" ng-click="cancel()">
        X
      </md-button>

  </md-toolbar>
  <md-dialog-content style="max-width:800px;max-height:810px; ">

        <md-input-container flex>
          Rut Cliente/Empresa
          <input ng-model="addCliente.rut" required="true">
        </md-input-container>

        <md-input-container flex>
          Razón Social
          <input ng-model="addCliente.razon_social" required="true">
        </md-input-container>

        <md-input-container flex>
          Nombre de fantasía
          <input ng-model="addCliente.fantasia" required="true">
        </md-input-container>

        <md-input-container flex>
          Giro
          <input ng-model="addCliente.giro" required="true">
        </md-input-container>

        <md-input-container flex>
          Teléfono
          <input ng-model="addCliente.telefono">
        </md-input-container>

        <md-input-container flex>
          Dirección
          <input ng-model="addCliente.direccion" required="true">
        </md-input-container>

        <md-input-container flex>
          Comuna
          <input ng-model="addCliente.comuna" required="true">
        </md-input-container>

        <md-input-container flex>
          Observación
          <textarea ng-model="addCliente.observacion" rows="4"></textarea>
        </md-input-container>

        <md-input-container flex>
          Forma de pago
          <md-select ng-model="addCliente.forma_pago">
          <md-option ng-repeat="fp in formaspago" value="{{fp.forma}}">
            {{fp.forma}}
          </md-option>
        </md-select>
        </md-input-container>

  </md-dialog-content>

    <md-button ng-click="btnAddCliente()" style="margin-right:20px;" >
      Agregar Cliente
    </md-button>

  </form>
</md-dialog>

Help me please.
Grettings!

A:   var data =  {'op':1, 'rut' : user.rut};
  $http.post('functions/ClientesCTRL.php', data)
  .success(function(results){
    console.log(results);
    $scope.clientes = results;
  });

are you sure the $scope.clientes is still a array?

A: Your array may not be an array anymore, you've pointed clientes = results,  you'll need to push results into clientes if it isn't an array.  $scope.clientes.push(results)
Also, what is "c"?
Are you trying to push the value attached to cl in your data object?
In which case you'll have to map to it via - $scope.clientes.push(data.cl)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Provide inspection services for in-service cars for appraisals and in depth lease return inspections. This includes an inspection report with details on all cars inspected.
Focused on providing accurate valuations for railroad rolling stock of all kinds including railcars, locomotives, passenger cars, maintenance of way equipment, and railcar movers. Experience includes steam, electric, and diesel locomotives.
Biggs sources and re-markets freight cars and locomotives.
Biggs has a wide background in car management and fleet mechanical issues including, rebuilding and refurbishment programs, and regulatory issues.


we know the quality production is hidden in details.
HAWA Printing, Turning pages since 2005. We provide book productions and are proud to present all our capabilities in our partnership factories.
There is no world without paper. Books and magazines continue to inspire people. They respond to the imagination, provide new insights and bring creativity into colorless days. The digital time is not a threat, but a new opportunity. The synergy between digital and paper productions offers many possibilities. In these challenging times it is important to make the right choices, to have creative insights, skilled experienced employees to fulfill the customers needs.
Our team at HAWA Printing will at your service to provide all the support/assistance from design to delivery of your desired books, magazines, newspapers and catalogues.
We offer Sheetfed, Webfed and digital printing techniques for your projects.
As an individual company, our quality team controls and reports the production process by mails and pictures until delivery.
From 3mm thickness hard cover binding to Spiral binding. We offer binding services including special bindings.
Laminations, Embossing, Foils, Glittering is our special applications for productions.


text:
More homes near Dulles Airport proposed
Metropolitan Washington Airports Authority officials have raised alarms about a comprehensive plan amendment under consideration by the Loudoun County Board of Supervisors that would allow new homes near runways at Washington Dulles International Airport.
At recent meetings of the board's Transportation and Land Use Committee, airport officials expressed serious concerns about an option in the Silver Line comprehensive plan amendment — known as Alternative A — that would change the designation of two parcels currently zoned for nonresidential uses to "urban mixed use." If approved, the change would allow retail businesses, offices and homes in those areas.
Author jimPosted on November 21, 2016 Categories Washington PostTags Board of Supervisors, budget, development, Dulles Airport, Loudoun County, politicsLeave a comment on More homes near Dulles Airport proposed
Residents share their hopes for Loudoun
About 150 Loudoun County residents gathered at the National Conference Center in Leesburg on Monday evening to share their hopes and priorities for future development of the county.
The participants discussed topics that included transportation and taxes in the first of four "listening and learning" sessions organized by the county government to kick off "Envision Loudoun," an 18-month process of updating Loudoun's comprehensive plan. Three similar sessions will take place in the county this week.
Author jimPosted on November 14, 2016 Categories Washington PostTags Board of Supervisors, development, Leesburg, Loudoun County, planning, transportationLeave a comment on Residents share their hopes for Loudoun
Car Seat Headrest in the News – Nov. 2016
"…the best rock album of the year."
–Frank DiGiacomo re: "Teens of Denial" in Billboard, Nov. 30, 2016
"A bona fide arena-ready rock headbanger…"
–Rob Sheffield re: "Drunk Drivers / Killer Whales" in Rolling Stone, Nov. 30, 2016
"This is an album that makes you really fucking glad to be alive."
–Mack Hayden on Paste, Nov. 30, 2016
"Rolling Stone names Loudoun County alum's album fourth best of 2016"
–Trevor Baratko in the Loudoun Times-Mirror, Nov. 28, 2016
"Like Nirvana building quiet and explosiveness into the same space, Car Seat Headrest knows how to be intimate and epic at the same time."
–Joe Levy in Rolling Stone's "50 Best Albums of 2016," Nov. 28, 2016
"The genre is in need of a standard bearer these days, and Toledo is more than up for the task."
–Collin Brennan on Consequence of Sound, Nov. 28, 2016
"'Teens Of Denial' was a heady reboot of college Americana and one titanic trip."
–Larry Bartleet in NME, Nov. 27, 2016
"…a staggeringly good, alluringly dense record of smart, melodic guitar rock that withstands comparisons to the label's golden age."
–Sean Nelson re: "Teens of Denial" on The Stranger, Nov. 23, 2016
"Of the 10 greatest anthemic lyrics of 2016, I swear to that rocker in the sky, Will Toledo wrote 11 of them. It's all so smart and whimsical and funny and, damn, it's a voice — a great big thundering voice of modern wit and angst."
–Wayne Moriarty on The Province, Nov. 22, 2016
"If you like Teens Of Denial, do not miss Car Seat Headrest on this tour because everything off that album that they play sounds like a million bucks."
–James Cobo on Blurred Culture, Nov. 22, 2016
"He kept it honest, allowing the crowd to soak in what he conveyed through contemplative lyrics and meandering guitars, his feet standing still but his music constantly in motion."
–Madeline Wells re: Will Toledo in The Daily Californian, Nov. 21, 2016
"In the live setting, the band's tunes are full of tension and release, upbeat and tightly executed, accompanied by Toledo's oft spoken word style of singing."
–Kyle B. Smith on LA Music Blog, Nov. 21, 2016
"Listen to Car Seat Headrest's 'Simlish' Version of 'Not What I Needed'"
–Kevin Lozano on Pitchfork, Nov. 21, 2016
"Car Seat Headrest delivers joyous performance at WOW Hall"
–Craig Wright and Sararosa Davies in the Daily Emerald (Eugene, OR), Nov. 20, 2016
"The most played album in the Recordstore office, it rocks when it needs to, is touching at points, full of witty turns of phrases and choruses that jam into your brain for days."
—recordstore.co.uk re: "Teens of Denial its Album of 2016, Nov. 18, 2016
"He illustrated that he is a musician's musician, respectful of and honest with his craft."
–Daniel Kielman on The Bay Bridged, Nov. 17, 2016
"This year's San Diego Music Thing headliner, Car Seat Headrest, is a classic example of DIY. "
–Matthew Burke on NBC7 (San Diego), Nov. 12, 2016
"Although he sports boyish glasses and has the reputation of a bedroom auteur, Toledo plays an absolutely raucous and entertaining live show."
–Will Reisman in The Bay Bridged, Nov. 11, 2016
"It's a Horatio Alger tale for the millennial era."
–Tom Lanham in the San Francisco Examiner, Nov. 10, 2016
"The breakout indie rock band of the year—actually of the last few years…"
–L. Kent Wolgamott on Bohemian.com, Nov. 9, 2016
"…his first full album for [Matador Records] — this year's Teens Of Denial — touched a public nerve with its image-laden quest for identity set to anthemic rock'n'roll and couched in innovative arrangements, changing his life irrevocably in the process."
–Steve Bell on the music (Australia), Nov. 7, 2016
"Toledo and crew hit all the right notes in raging against modern ennui…"
–Doug Freeman in The Austin Chronicle, Nov. 6, 2016
"Garage rock as mood elevator, let's call it."
–Eric Webb on Austin360, Nov. 6, 2016
"It's a brainy offering that's packed with more angst than a stack of 'Harry Potter' books, and it doesn't skimp on the rollicking riffs."
–Nathan Poppe re: "Teens of Denial" in The Oklahoman, Nov. 4, 2016
"Will Toledo's bedroom confessional becomes a rock brigade – with empathy!"
–Neph Basedow in The Austin Chronicle, Nov. 4, 2016
"What do Mitski, Angel Olsen, Bon Iver, and Car Seat Headrest all have in common? Aside from the fact that they've all released very strong indie rock albums in 2016…"
–David Sackllah on Consequence of Sound, Nov. 2, 2016
"Car Seat Headrest is the Poster Child for Bandcamp Fame"
–Taylor Gilliam in Phoenix New Times, Nov. 2, 2016
Author jimPosted on November 2, 2016 December 14, 2016 Categories Car Seat Headrest, MusicLeave a comment on Car Seat Headrest in the News – Nov. 2016


text:
Italian Success in Paris in the years of Impressionism: the Maison Goupil
1261 Events in archive
3 ongoing
Event category All categories Music & Show Folklore Exhibitions & Art
Location All locations Vicenza Venice Padua
Events archive Back to main
From 23 February 2013 to 23 June 2013
Among the exhibitions in Rovigo, Italy 2013 it is worth visiting the major exhibition Il successo italiano a Parigi negli anni dellImpressionismo: la Maison Goupil'.
From 23 February to 23 June 2013, in the beautiful location of Palazzo Roverella, Rovigo, a new exhibition presents the very charming and extraordinary masterpieces of Italian artists who collaborated with the renowned Goupil Gallery in Paris during the second half of the nineteenth century.
To meet the needs of small and middle classes who could not yet afford to purchase original paintings, art dealer Adolphe Goupil started a world market of unpublished reproductions: Goupil commissioned or bought beautiful works of art and then reproduced them with the most modern techniques to sell them all over the world.
Painters from different countries and with very different styles entered the orbit of the Maison Goupil, giving rise to a real form of collecting that dominated the bourgeois taste of the Belle Epoque and continued well into the next century. Among the artists of Goupil Italians proved to be the most popular, combining quality, emotion and immediate understanding in small formats and easy to reproduce.
A major art exhibition in Rovigo at the Palazzo Roverella, bringing together, for the first time, unpublished works of the nineteenth century that seem to bring back to life the sparkling atmosphere of Parisian cultural era, including genre scenes, interiors and exteriors, daily life, views, landscapes and portraits.
The la maison groupil Rovigo exhibition in Palazzo Roverella was made possible thanks to a long process of research and recovery in order to identify and find the original works reproduced by Goupil, now scattered throughout the world. Studying the materials at the Getty Research Institute in Los Angeles - where the records of the original of the House are kept and the Muse Goupil in Bordeaux where there are thousands of photos and engravings belonging to the gallery - Palazzo Roverella in Rovigo will present original works of art juxtaposed to some of the beautiful engravings created by Goupil with formats and very different techniques - photography, engravings, etchings and original photo-paintings.
In the splendid Palazzo Roverella Rovigo there will be the attempt to reconstruct the activity of about one hundred Italian artists who collaborated with the Goupil Gallery in relation to the social, artistic and historical context where the new bourgeois taste was developed. Giuseppe De Nittis, Francesco Paolo Michetti, Antonio Mancini, Domenico Morelli and Giovanni Boldini, paintings exhibited for the first time or re-exhibited to the public after a long time. Paintings which have experienced an endless change of ownership and finally found in collections far away from Paris or Italy ... an extraordinary exhibition of 800 works in Rovigo, Italy which testifies the prestige gained by Italian artists in Paris in the same years in which Impressionism - another great artistic movement - was active.
From Giuseppe De Nittis to Rubens Santoro, Alceste Campriani and Giovanni Boldini (artist paintings with different subjects revealing the great skill and desire to emerge of our compatriots migrated to the French capital.
A great exhibition of paintings in Rovigo, Italy at the Palazzo Roverella proposing a continuous dialogue between the originals - many of whom are still stamped and labelled from la Maison Groupil - and 'copies' which will arrive from the Museum Goupil in Bordeaux: Mancini, Pasini, Sorbi, Simonetti, Morelli, De Nittis, Boldini, Corcos, Michetti, Tofano, Cambriani, and many others: more than 40 paintings and engravings accompanied by documentary sources that will present their history.
After more than 40 thousand visitors recorded in previous exhibitions at the Palazzo Roverella, Il successo italiano a Parigi negli anni dellImpressionismo: la Maison Goupil promises to be another great success for the arts in Rovigo!
Period: From 23 February 2013 to 23 June 2013
Event location: Palazzo Roverella Rovigo, Italy
Contacts: For more information about the exhibition in Rovigo Il successo italiano a Parigi negli anni dellImpressionismo: la Maison Goupil: http://www.palazzoroverella.com/?page_id=33
Vicenza: Asiago Fiocchi di Luce. Fireworks and lots of fun for the most exciting pyromusical competition in the Veneto region.
From 10 February 2023 to 12 February 2023
Venice: Valentine's Day in Venice. Tips and ideas for couples to celebrate.
Padua: Futurism. The birth of the avant-garde 1910-1915. An exhibition in Padua at Palazzo Zabarella.
From 01 October 2022 to 26 February 2023


text:
Q: How can I force a particular monitor to be the "PC" monitor instead of the "Projector"? This has been an ongoing problem of mine for the last few graphics cards and operating systems.
Running Windows 10 (64 bit) with a Radeon RX 480 video card, I have the following to monitors:

*

*DVI-to-HDMI connecting to what I call my main monitor, but Windows insists on calling monitor #2.

*HDMI-to-HDMI connecting to my TV, which I consider my projector monitor, but the computer insists on calling monitor #1.

I used Windows Display settings to identify my PC monitor as the main display, but Windows still insists on calling my PC monitor the projector.
Is there any way to resolve this?


domain name to use when configuring CAA records.
Instead, the CAA identities should be taken from the corresponding CAA validator, or (perhaps easier) be specified as a setting per ACME alias.
ECA-7171 Null EEP when getting caa identities causes crash.


text:
Add this to the app.js to run before application.start
``` js
if (application.ios) {
    //iOS
    var __extends = this.__extends || function (d, b) {
        for (var p in b) if (b.hasOwnProperty(p)) d[p] = b[p];
        function __() { this.constructor = d; }
        __.prototype = b.prototype;
        d.prototype = new __();
    };

    var appDelegate = (function (_super) {
        __extends(appDelegate, _super);
        function appDelegate() {
            _super.apply(this, arguments);
        }

        appDelegate.prototype.applicationDidFinishLaunchingWithOptions = function (app, launchOptions) {
            kiip.initalize({
                key: "<YOUR KEY>",
            secret: "<YOUR SECRET>",
                testMode: true
            });
        };

        appDelegate.ObjCProtocols = [UIApplicationDelegate, KiipDelegate];
        return appDelegate;
    })(UIResponder);
    application.ios.delegate = appDelegate;
}else{
    //ANDROID
    application.on(application.launchEvent, function (args) {
        kiip.initalize({
            key: "<YOUR KEY>",
            secret: "<YOUR SECRET>",
            testMode: true
        });
    });
}
```

### iOS
Looks like kiip uses http, so in iOS we need to allow http in the info.plist per the [guide](http://docs.kiip.me/en/guide/ios.html)
``` xml
<key>NSAppTransportSecurity</key>
<dict>
    <key>NSAllowsArbitraryLoads</key>
    <true/>
</dict>
```

### METHODS
```
var kiip = require("nativescript-kiip");
```
#### Save Moment
```
kiip.saveMoment({
        id: "open_app"
    }).then(function (args) {

        if (args.poptart != null) {
            if (app.android) {
                var context = app.android.currentContext;
                args.poptart.show(context); //<-- CRASH HERE
            }else if(app.ios){
                debugger;
                args.poptart.show();
            }
        }

        viewModel.debug = "Saved Moment " + new Date()
    }, function (args) {
        viewModel.debug = "Save Moment Failed";
    });
```

#### OPTIONS
``` js
exports.onSetEmail = function (args) {
    kiip.setEmail(viewModel.email);
}

exports.onSetBirthday = function (args) {
    kiip.setBirthday(viewModel.birthday);
}

exports.onSetGender = function (args) {
    kiip.setGender(viewModel.gender);
}

//iOS Only
exports.onStartSession = function (args) {
    kiip.startSession().then(function (args) {
        viewModel.debug = "Session Started " + new Date()
    }, function (args) {
        viewModel.debug = "Session Start Failed"
    });
}

//iOS Only
exports.onEndSession = function (args) {
    kiip.endSession().then(function (args) {
        viewModel.debug = "Session Ended " + new Date()
    }, function (args) {
        viewModel.debug = "Session End Failed"
    });
}

```

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
One of TypeScript's core principles is that type-checking focuses on the shape that values have. This is sometimes called _"duck typing"_ or _"structural subtyping"_. In TypeScript, interfaces fill the role of naming these types, and are a powerful way of defining contracts within your code as well as contracts with code outside of your project.
```typescript
function Foo(labelledObj: { label: string }) {
    // ...
}

// can be rewritten to:
interface inputValue {
    readonly label: string;         // unmodifiable property
    color?: string;                 // optional property
    height: number;
    [propName: string]: any;        // means the interface can have any number of other properties
}

function Foo(input: inputValue): outputValue {
    // ...
}
```

TypeScript comes with a `ReadonlyArray<T>` type that is the same as `Array<T>` with all mutating methods removed, so you can make sure you don't change your arrays after creation:
```typescript
let a: number[] = [1, 2, 3, 4];
let ro: ReadonlyArray<number> = a;
ro[0] = 12;              // error!
ro.push(5);              // error!
ro.length = 100;         // error!

a = ro;                  // error!
a = ro as number[];      // but this doesn't throw error
```

### Function Types
```typescript
interface SearchFunc {
    (source: string, subString: string): boolean;
}

let mySearch: SearchFunc;
mySearch = function(source: string, subString: string) {
    // valid if you skip type of any argument and even the return type
}
mySearch = function(src: string, sub: string): boolean {
    // different argument names are valid
}
mySearch = function(src, sub) {
    // also valid if you skip type of arguments
}
```

### Indexable Types
Indexable types have an _index signature_ that describes the types we can use to index into the object, along with the corresponding return types when indexing.
```typescript
interface StringArray {
    [index: number]: string;
}

let myArray: StringArray;
myArray = ["Bob", "Fred"];

let myStr: string = myArray[0];
```

Above, we have a `StringArray` interface that has an index signature. This index signature states that when a `StringArray` is indexed with a `number`, it will return a `string`.

There are two types of supported index signatures: `string` and `number`. It is possible to support both types of indexers, but the type returned from a numeric indexer must be a subtype of the type returned from the string indexer. This is because when indexing with a number, JavaScript will actually convert that to a string before indexing into an object. That means that indexing with 100 (a number) is the same thing as indexing with "100" (a string), so the two need to be consistent.
```typescript
class Animal {
    name: string;
}
class Dog extends Animal {
    breed: string;
}

// Error: indexing with a numeric string might get you a completely separate type of Animal!
interface NotOkay {
    [x: number]: Animal;
    [x: string]: Dog;
}
```
While string index signatures are a powerful way to describe the "dictionary" pattern, they also enforce that all properties match their return type.
```typescript
interface NumberDictionary {
    [index: string]: number;
    length: number;    // ok, length is a number
    name: string;      // error, the type of 'name' is not a subtype of the indexer
}
```
> __In short the return type all properties of indexed types should be the same or subtype of indexed property.__

Finally, you can make index signatures __readonly__ in order to prevent assignment to their indices:
```typescript
interface ReadonlyStringArray {
    readonly [index: number]: string;
}

let myArray: ReadonlyStringArray = ["Alice", "Bob"];
myArray[2] = "Mallory";     // error!
```

### Class Types
Interfaces describe the __public__ side of the class, rather than both the __public__ and __private__ side.
```typescript
interface ClockInterface {
    currentTime: Date;
    setTime(d: Date);
}

class Clock implements ClockInterface {
    currentTime: Date;
    setTime(d: Date) {
        this.currentTime = d;
    }
    constructor(h: number, m: number) { }
}
```

When working with classes and interfaces, it helps to keep in mind that a class has two types: the type of the __static side__ and the type of the __instance side__.

You may notice that if you create an interface with a construct signature and try to create a class that implements this interface you get an error. This is because when a class implements an interface, only the instance side of the class is checked. Since the constructor sits in the static side, it is not included in this check.
```typescript
interface ClockConstructor {
    new (hour: number, minute: number);     // defines consrtucor structure
}

class Clock implements ClockConstructor {
    currentTime: Date;
    constructor(h: number, m: number) { }   // Error!
}

function createClock(ctor: ClockConstructor) {
    // that OK to check contructor format in this way
}
```

### Extending Interfaces
Like classes, interfaces can extend each other. This allows you to copy the members of one interface into another, which gives you more flexibility in how you separate your interfaces into reusable components.
```typescript
interface Shape {
    color: string;
}

interface PenStroke {
    penWidth: number;
}

interface Square extends Shape, PenStroke {
    sideLength: number;
}

let square = <Square>{};
square.color = "blue";
square.sideLength = 10;
square.penWidth = 5.0;
```

### Hybrid Types
Because of JavaScript's dynamic and flexible nature, you may occasionally encounter an object that works as a combination of some of the types described above.
```typescript
interface Counter {
    (start: number): string;
    interval: number;
    reset(): void;
}

function getCounter(): Counter {
    let counter = <Counter>function (start: number) { };
    counter.interval = 123;
    counter.reset = function () { };
    return counter;
}

let c = getCounter();
c(10);
c.reset();
c.interval = 5.0;
```

### Interfaces Extending Classes
```typescript
class Control {
    private state: any;
}

interface SelectableControl extends Control {
    select(): void;
}

class Button extends Control implements SelectableControl {
    select() { }
}

class TextBox extends Control {
    select() { }
}

// Error: Property 'state' is missing in type 'Image'.
class Image implements SelectableControl {
    select() { }
}
```


We are here to help you arrange a funeral for a loved one.
Quite often following a bereavement people's first reaction is to keep busy, so this guide has been prepared to help answer some of the questions you may have about what needs to be done during this time.
Before the funeral can happen there are two main steps that you need to take: register the death and get the certificate for burial or cremation. However, it is possible to arrange the funeral while you are waiting for your appointment to register the death.
The first step is to register the death, a requirement by law, which must be done in the district where it occurs. A list of registry offices in Cornwall can be found here – If you live outside Cornwall you can register by declaration and we can help you with the process.
Remember to take supporting documents to show your name and address, although you can still register a death without them.
The time limit for registration and issuing of documents will vary depending on the individual circumstances of the death. We are here to guide you through this process.
Once the death has been registered you will receive three certificates: Green Certificate, DWP Form BD8 and a Copy of Entry of Register of Deaths.
Green Certificate – this gives permission for the deceased to be buried or an application for cremation to be made. This must be given to the funeral director.
DWP Form BD8 – this is a white certificate and has to be forwarded to the DWP with any pension or state claiming books.
Copy of the Entry of Register or Deaths – this is the Death Certificate. Banks and building societies will require this, so it is worth getting at least three copies.
We are also able to provide collection and repatriation services if your loved one has died at home, in hospital, a nursing home, or elsewhere in the UK. If necessary, we can help with repatriation from abroad.
If a post mortem or inquest with a coroner is required please call us on 01872 274021 and we can talk you through the process.


text:
3 Palestinian Children Killed and 15 Others Wounded in a Failed Extra-Judicial Execution Attempt Carried out by IOF
Palestinian Center for Human Rights 21 June 2006
Palestinian relatives of Mohammed Rogah, 5-year-old, who was killed by an Israeli air strike yesterday, mourn during his funeral in Gaza City June 21, 2006. (MaanImages/Wesam Saleh)
On Tuesday evening, 20 June 2006, Israeli Occupation Forces (IOF) carried a new extra-judicial execution attempt in the northern Gaza Strip. Whereas the targeted persons survived the attack, 3 Palestinian children were killed and 15 other Palestinians, including the three targeted persons were wounded. IOF admitted responsibility for the attack, and claimed that they targeted "a senior official of Fatah movement who is the leader of a group responsible for manufacturing and launching rockets." This attack came shortly following a declaration by IOF that they would carry out military operations inside the Gaza Strip if locally made rockets continued to be launched from the Gaza Strip at Israeli town. This latest attack and other similar attacks have also come as an implementation of a series of decisions taken by the Israeli Defense Minister Amir Peretz to escalate extra-judicial executions against Palestinian militants to stop launching locally made rockets at Israeli towns. This attack has been the ninth of its kind in the past two weeks.
A Palestinian carries a wounded baby after an Israeli missile struck a house in the southern Gaza Strip. (MaanImages/Hatem Omar)
According to investigations conducted by PCHR, at approximately 19:20 on Tuesday, 20 June 2006, an IOF aircraft launched at least one missile at a civilian vehicle (a white Voks Wagen) that was traveling on the road that links Jabalya town with Sheikh Radwan neighborhood in Gaza City, which is a densely populated area. Three members of the al-Aqsa Martyrs Brigade, a military wing of Fatah movement, were traveling in the car. They were able to jump out of the car shortly before the missile hit the front of the car. The car was destroyed and two of the targeted persons were wounded. Shrapnel from the missile also killed 3 passing Palestinian children and wounded 13 other Palestinians, including 8 children. The three children who were killed were identified as:
1. Mohammed Jamal Shukri Rouqa, 6;
2. Samia Mahmoud Ziad al-Sharif, 5; and
3. Bilal Jasser al-Hissi, 16.
A Palestinian man carries a wounded child after Israeli air strike on a car in Gaza City June 20, 2006. (MaanImages/Wesam Saleh)
PCHR strongly condemns this latest attack. PCHR is gravely concerned over the Israeli escalation in the Occupied Palestinian Territory (OPT). PCHR asserts that such crimes serve to escalate tension in the region and threaten the lives of Palestinians. PCHR calls upon the international community to immediately intervene to stop such crimes, and reiterates its calls for the High Contracting Parties to the Fourth Geneva Convention of 1949 to meet their obligations to ensure protection for Palestinian civilians in the OPT.
Palestinians inspect a destroyed home after an Israeli missile struck the house in the southern Gaza Strip. June 21, 2006. (MaanImages/Hatem Omar)
The Palestinian Centre for Human Rights (PCHR) is an independent legal body based in Gaza City dedicated to protecting human rights, promoting the rule of law and upholding democratic principles in the Occupied Palestinian Territory. It holds Special Consultative Status with the Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) of the United Nations and is an affiliate of the International Commission of Jurists, the Fédération Internationale des Ligues des Droits de l'Homme (FIDH), and the Euro-Mediterranean Human Rights Network. PCHR is a recipient of the 1996 French Republic Award for Human Rights.
BY TOPIC: Massacres in Gaza (June 2006)