text:
(function(Weebly, $) {

Weebly.Slideshow = window.wSlideshow = {
	getSlideshowImages: getSlideshowImages,
	updateSize: updateSize,
	generateHTML: generateHTML,
	init: init,
	updatePhotos: updatePhotos,
	render: render
};

var slideshowOptions = {};
var slideshows = {};
var isTouch = 'ontouchstart' in document.documentElement;

function getSlideshowImages(elementID) {
	return slideshows[elementID].getPhotos();
}

function updateSize() { // TODO: rename to updateSizes
	var changed = false;
	$.each(slideshows, function(i, slideshow) {
		whenThemeCSSLoaded(function() {
			slideshow.updateSize();
		});
		changed = true;
	});
	return changed;
}

function generateHTML(elementID, rawOptions) {
	slideshowOptions[elementID] = processElementOptions(rawOptions);
	return "

"; // to maintain scroll state
}

function init(elementID) {
	var e = $('#' + elementID + '-slideshow');
	var slideshow = new Slideshow(e, slideshowOptions[elementID]);
	slideshows[elementID] = slideshow;
	whenThemeCSSLoaded(function() {
		slideshow.render();
		e.height('');
	});
}

function updatePhotos(elementID, photos) { // TODO: rename to updateImages
	if (slideshows[elementID]) {
		slideshows[elementID].destroy();
		var options = slideshowOptions[elementID];
		options.images = photos;
		slideshows[elementID] = new Slideshow($('#' + elementID + '-slideshow'), options);
		slideshows[elementID].render();
	}
}

function render(rawOptions) {
	var options = processElementOptions(rawOptions);
	var elementID = options.elementID;
	var slideshow = new Slideshow($('#' + elementID + "-slideshow"), options);
	slideshows[elementID] = slideshow;
	whenThemeCSSLoaded(function() {
		slideshow.render();
	});
}

function processElementOptions(rawOptions) {
	var links = rawOptions.nav;
	var linkTiers = 1;
	if (links == 'double_thumbnails') {
		links = 'thumbnails';
		linkTiers = 2;
	}
	else if (links == 'none') {
		links = false;
	}
	return {
		elementID: rawOptions.elementID,
		links: links,
		linkLocation: rawOptions.navLocation,
		linkTiers: linkTiers,
		captionLocation: rawOptions.captionLocation,
		slide: rawOptions.transition == 'slide',
		autoplay: parseInt(rawOptions.autoplay),
		speed: parseInt(rawOptions.speed),
		aspectRatio: rawOptions.aspectRatio || 'auto',

		// If property entries are not in DB, old version of element-content-producing
		// code (before element php refactor) don't replace anything.
		// Thus, these properties could have values of "%%SHOWCONTROLS%%" or "%%RANDOMSTART%%".
		// Or old published slideshows might not have these entries as all (undefined).
		showControls: rawOptions.showControls !== 'false', // default is true
		randomStart: rawOptions.randomStart === 'true', // default is false

		images: rawOptions.images || []
	};
}

var PRELOAD = 5;
var ASPECT_RATIOS = {
	'16:9' : 16/9,
	'3:2'  : 3/2,
	'4:3'  : 4/3
};
var LINK_MOVE_EDGES = .40;
var LINK_ACCELERATION = 1;
var LINK_MAX_VELOCITY_SQRT = 4;

function Slideshow(element, options) {
	var t = this;
	t.render = render;
	t.destroy = destroy;
	t.getPhotos = function() { return photos };
	t.updateSize = updateSize;

	element = $(element);
	options = options || {};

	var photos = options.images || [];
	var content;
	var slideContainer;
	var slides = [];
	var slideImgs = [];
	var slideImgWidths = [];
	var slideImgHeights = [];
	var slideImgWraps = [];
	var linkContainer;
	var linkContainerInner;
	var links;

	var slideIndex;
	var prevButton;
	var nextButton;
	var horizontalLinks; // bool
	var overlayTopLeft, overlayTopRight, overlayLeft, overlayRight;
	var allOverlays;
	var playing = false;
	var playPauseID = 0;
	var playButton;
	var pauseButton;
	var playTimeoutID;
	var controlsVisible = true;
	var controlsFadeEffect;
	var mouseActionID = 0;
	var contentWidth;
	var contentHeight;
	var thumbnailWidth;
	var thumbnailHeight;

	var linkContainerX;
	var linkContainerY;
	var linkContainerWidth;
	var linkContainerHeight;
	var linkContainerInnerWidth;
	var linkContainerInnerHeight;
	var linkX = 0;
	var linkY = 0;
	var linkMin;
	var linkMax;
	var isMouseOverLinks = false;
	var linkHoverID = 0;
	var linkTargetVelocity = 0;
	var linkVelocity = 0;
	var linkIntervalID;

	var dummyAnimElm = $("
").css('opacity', 0);

	/* rendering
	-------------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

	function render() {
		element
			.addClass('wslide')
			.html(
				"

"
			);
		var table = element.find('table');
		var tbody = element.find('tbody');
		var content = renderContent()
			.on('mousemove', mouseAction)
			.on('mousedown', mouseAction);
		if (!options.links || !photos.length) {
			var tr = $("
");
			var td = $("");
			td.append(content);
			tr.append(td);
			tbody.append(tr);
		}else{
			links = [];
			var linkLocation = options.linkLocation;
			horizontalLinks = linkLocation == 'top' || linkLocation == 'bottom';
			var linkContainer = renderLinks();
			var linkCell = $("").append(linkContainer);
			var contentCell = $("").append(content);
			if (horizontalLinks) {
				linkCell.width('auto'); // for IE
				var tr1 = $("
");
				var tr2 = $("
");
				if (linkLocation == 'top') {
					tr1.append(linkCell);
					tr2.append(contentCell);
				}else{
					tr1.append(contentCell);
					tr2.append(linkCell);
				}
				tbody.append(tr1);
				tbody.append(tr2);
			}else{
				var tr = $("
");
				if (linkLocation == 'left') {
					tr.append(linkCell);
					tr.append(contentCell);
				}else{
					tr.append(contentCell);
					tr.append(linkCell);
				}
				tbody.append(tr);
			}
		}
		initSize();
		if (photos.length) {
			if (options.randomStart) {
				go(Math.floor(Math.random() * photos.length));
			}else{
				go(0);
			}
		}
		hideControls();
		if (options.autoplay) {
			play();
		}
		$(window).on('resize', windowResize);
	}

	function destroy() {
		element.empty();
		_destroy();
	}

	function _destroy() {
		playing = false;
		if (playTimeoutID) {
			clearTimeout(playTimeoutID);
			playTimeoutID = null;
		}
		$(window).on('resize', windowResize);
	}

	function renderContent() {
		content = $(
			"
" +
				" " + // for IE
				"
" +
					"

" +
				"
" +
				"

" +
				"

" +
				"

" +
				"

" +
			"
"
		);
		slideContainer = content.find('div.wslide-slides');
		overlayTopLeft = content.find('div.wslide-overlay-top-left');
		overlayTopRight = content.find('div.wslide-overlay-top-right');
		overlayLeft = content.find('div.wslide-overlay-left');
		overlayRight = content.find('div.wslide-overlay-right');
		allOverlays = overlayTopLeft.add(overlayTopRight).add(overlayLeft).add(overlayRight);
		if (photos.length > 1) {
			overlayTopLeft
				.append(renderPlay())
				.append(renderPause());
			if (!options.links) {
				if (options.slide) {
					overlayLeft.append(renderPrev());
					overlayRight.append(renderNext());
				}else{
					overlayTopRight
						.append(renderPrev())
						.append(' ')
						.append(renderNext());
				}
			}
		}
		return content;
	}

	function renderPlay() {
		playButton = $(
			"" +
				"Play " +
				"" +
			""
			)
			.on('click', play);
		return playButton;
	}

	function renderPause() {
		pauseButton = $(
			"" +
				"Pause " +
				"" +
			""
			)
			.on('click', pause);
		return pauseButton;
	}

	function renderPrev() {
		prevButton = $(
			"" +
				"" +
				"" +
			""
			)
			.on('click', function() {
				pause();
				prev();
			});
		return prevButton;
	}

	function renderNext() {
		nextButton = $(
			"" +
				"" +
				"" +
			""
			)
			.on('click', function() {
				pause();
				next();
			});
		return nextButton;
	}

	function renderLinks() {
		var linkLocation = options.linkLocation;
		var linkTiers = options.linkTiers;
		var classes = 'wslide-links wslide-links-' + options.linkLocation;
		if (options.links) {
			if (options.links == 'thumbnails') {
				classes += ' wslide-thumbnail-links';
			}else{
				classes += ' wslide-number-links';
			}
		}
		linkContainer = $(
			"
" +
				"
" +
					"

" +
				"
" +
			"
"
		);
		if (!isTouch) {
			linkContainer
				.on('mouseover', linkContainerMouseover)
				.on('mousemove', linkContainerMousemove)
				.on('mouseout', linkContainerMouseout);
		}
		linkContainerInner = linkContainer.children().first();
		initLinkSwiping(linkContainerInner);
		var tbody = linkContainer.find('tbody');
		if (horizontalLinks) {
			var trs = [];
			for (var i=0; i<linkTiers; i++) {
				trs[i] = $("
");
				tbody.append(trs[i]);
			}
			for (var i=0; i<photos.length; i++) {
				trs[i % linkTiers].append(renderLink(photos[i], i));
			}
		}else{
			var photoCnt = photos.length;
			for (var r=0, i=0; i<photoCnt; r++) {
				var tr = $("
");
				for (var c=0; c<linkTiers && i<photoCnt; c++, i++) {
					tr.append(renderLink(photos[i], i));
				}
				tbody.append(tr);
			}
		}
		if (isTouch) {
			whenPhotoSwipeLoaded(function() {
				Code.PhotoSwipe.attach(
					linkContainer.find('a').toArray(),
					{
						captionAndToolbarFlipPosition: true,
						captionAndToolbarAutoHideDelay: 0, // always show
						loop: false
					}
				);
			});
		}
		return linkContainer;
	}

	function renderLink(photo, i) {
		var td = $("");
		if (options.links == 'numbers') {
			td.append(
				"" +
					"
" +
						"
" +
							(i + 1) +
						"
" +
					"
" +
				""
			);
		}else{
			td.append(
				"" +
					"
" +
						"
" +
							"" +
						"
" +
					"
" +
				""
			);
			var img = td.find('img');
			setTimeout(function() {
				loadImage(img[0], thumbnailURL(photo), function() {
					sizeThumbnail(img, photo);
					img.css('visibility', '');
				});
			},0); // let the first slide load first
		}
		var a = td.find('a');
		if (isTouch) {
			a.attr('href', largeURL(photo))
			 .attr('title', photo.caption || '');
		}
		else {
			a.on('click', function() {
				pause();
				go(i);
			});
		}
		initLinkSwiping(a);
		links[i] = a;
		return td;
	}

	function addSlide(photo, i) {
		var linkNewWindow = false;
		var link = photo.link;
		if (link) {
			var origLink = link;
			link = link.replace('weeblylink_new_window', '');
			if (link != origLink) {
				linkNewWindow = true;
			}
		}
		var slide = $(
			"
" +
				"
" +
					"
" +
						(link ? "" : '') +
						"" +
						(photo.caption ?
							"
" +
								"
" + photo.caption + "
" + // already escaped
								"

" +
							"
"
							: '') +
						(link ? "" : '') +
					"
" +
				"
" +
			"
"
		);
		slide.css('left', '-101%'); // "hide"
		slideContainer.append(slide);
		var img = slide.find('img');
		var imgWrap = img.up('.wslide-slide-inner2');
		slides[i] = slide;
		slideImgs[i] = img;
		slideImgWraps[i] = imgWrap;
		slide.find('a').each(function(i, a) {
			a = $(a);
			if (window.currentSite) {
				// in editor
				a.attr('href', '#');
				a.on('click', function() { return false });
				a.attr('title', /*tl(*/"Links active once published"/*)tl*/);
			}else{
				if (link) {
					a.attr('href', link);
					if (linkNewWindow) {
						a.attr('target', '_blank');
					}
				}
			}
		});
		loadImage(img[0], largeURL(photo), function() {
			slide.removeClass('wslide-slide-loading');
			slideImgWidths[i] = img[0].width;
			slideImgHeights[i] = img[0].height;
			sizeImage(i);
			if (i == slideIndex) { // is current slide
				sizeOverlays(i);
				if (playing) {
					timedNext();
				}
			}
			imgWrap.css('visibility', '');
		});
		return slide;
	}

	/* sizing
	------------------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

	function initSize() {
		calcThumbnailDims();
		updateSize();
	}

	function updateSize() {

		if (isDead() || !content) {
			return;
		}

		if (linkContainer && !horizontalLinks) {
			// need to set width of vertical link container
			linkContainerWidth = linkContainerInner.outerWidth();
			linkContainer.width(linkContainerWidth);
		}

		contentWidth = content.outerWidth();
		contentHeight = Math.round(contentWidth / getAspectRatio());
		content.height(contentHeight);

		if (linkContainer) {
			linkContainerInnerWidth = linkContainerInner.outerWidth();
			linkContainerInnerHeight = linkContainerInner.outerHeight();
			if (horizontalLinks) {
				linkContainerWidth = contentWidth;
				linkContainerHeight = linkContainerInner.outerHeight();
				linkContainer.height(linkContainerHeight);
				linkMin = linkContainerWidth - linkContainerInnerWidth;
				linkMax = 0;
				/* center
				if (linkContainerInnerWidth < linkContainerWidth) {
					linkContainerInner.css('left', linkContainerWidth/2 - linkContainerInnerWidth/2);
				}
				*/
			}else{
				// (linkContainerWidth calculated above)
				linkContainerHeight = contentHeight;
				linkContainer.height(linkContainerHeight);
				linkMin = linkContainerHeight - linkContainerInnerHeight;
				linkMax = 0;
			}
		}

		if (slideImgWidths[slideIndex] && slideImgHeights[slideIndex]) { // is current image loaded?
			sizeImage(slideIndex);
			sizeOverlays(slideIndex);
		}

	}

	function getAspectRatio() {
		if (options.aspectRatio == 'auto') {
			if (!photos.length) {
				return 16/9;
			}
			var scores = {};
			for (var i=0; i<photos.length; i++) {
				var photoRatio = photos[i].width / photos[i].height;
				var bestKey;
				var bestDiff = false;
				$.each(ASPECT_RATIOS, function(key, aspectRatio) {
					var diff = Math.abs(aspectRatio - photoRatio);
					if (bestDiff === false || diff < bestDiff) {
						bestDiff = diff;
						bestKey = key;
					}
				});
				scores[bestKey] = (scores[bestKey] || 0) + 1;
			}
			var winnerKey;
			var winnerScore = false;
			$.each(scores, function(key, score) {
				if (winnerScore === false || score > winnerScore) {
					winnerScore = score;
					winnerKey = key;
				}
			});
			return ASPECT_RATIOS[winnerKey];
		}else{
			return ASPECT_RATIOS[options.aspectRatio];
		}
	}

	function calcThumbnailDims() {
		thumbnailWidth = 0;
		thumbnailHeight = 0;
		if (linkContainer) {
			var thumbnails = linkContainer.find('a.wslide-link-thumbnail').first();
			if (thumbnails.length) {
				var inner = thumbnails.children().first();
				thumbnailWidth = inner.outerWidth();
				thumbnailHeight = inner.outerHeight();
			}
		}
	}

	function sizeThumbnail(img, photo) {
		var naturalWidth = parseInt(photo.width);
		var naturalHeight = parseInt(photo.height);
		var sx = thumbnailWidth / naturalWidth;
		var sy = thumbnailHeight / naturalHeight;
		var s = Math.max(sx, sy);
		var w = Math.ceil(naturalWidth * s);
		var h = Math.ceil(naturalHeight * s);
		img.attr('width', w);
		img.attr('height', h);
		img.css('top', -Math.round(h/2) + 'px');
		img.css('left', -Math.round(w/2) + 'px');
	}

	function sizeImage(i) {
		var imgWrap = slideImgWraps[i];
		var img = slideImgs[i];
		var scale = Math.min(
			contentWidth / slideImgWidths[i],
			contentHeight / slideImgHeights[i],
			1
		);
		var w = Math.ceil(slideImgWidths[i] * scale);
		var h = Math.ceil(slideImgHeights[i] * scale);
		if (w+1 <= slideImgWidths[i]) {
			w++;
			h++;
		}
		img.width(w);
		imgWrap.css('width', w);
		imgWrap.css('left', -Math.round(w / 2));
		imgWrap.css('top', -Math.round(h / 2));
	}

	var indentLeft = 0;
	var indentRight = 0;
	var indentTop = 0;
	var indentBottom = 0;

	function sizeOverlays(i) {
		var slide = slides[i];
		var slideOffset = slide.offset();
		var slideWidth = slide.outerWidth();
		var slideHeight = slide.outerHeight();
		var img = slideImgs[i];
		var imgOffset = img.offset();
		var imgWidth = img.outerWidth();
		var imgHeight = img.outerHeight();
		indentLeft = Math.max(0, imgOffset.left - slideOffset.left);
		indentRight = Math.max(0, (slideOffset.left + slideWidth) - (imgOffset.left + imgWidth));
		indentTop = Math.max(0, imgOffset.top - slideOffset.top);
		if (photos[i].caption && options.captionLocation == 'top') {
			indentTop += slides[i].find('div.wslide-caption').outerHeight();
		}
		indentBottom = Math.max(0, (slideOffset.top + slideHeight) - (imgOffset.top + imgHeight));
	}

	/* slide transition
	-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

	function _go(newIndex) {

		var needSizeOverlays = false;
		var oldIndex = slideIndex;
		slideIndex = newIndex;

		if (slides[newIndex]) {
			if (slideImgWidths[newIndex] && slideImgHeights[newIndex]) { // is loaded?
				sizeImage(newIndex);
				needSizeOverlays = true;
				if (playing) {
					timedNext();
				}
			}
		}

		preloadSlides(newIndex);

		if (links) {
			if (oldIndex !== undefined) {
				links[oldIndex].removeClass('wslide-link-active');
			}
			links[newIndex].addClass('wslide-link-active');
		}

		if (prevButton) {
			if (newIndex > 0) {
				prevButton.show();
			}else{
				prevButton.hide();
			}
		}

		updatePlayPauseButtons();

		return needSizeOverlays;
	}

	function go(newIndex, transitionForward) {

		if (newIndex != slideIndex) {

			var oldIndex = slideIndex;
			var needSizeOverlays = _go(newIndex);

			if (options.slide) {

				if (oldIndex === undefined) {

					slides[newIndex].css('left', 0); // "show"
					if (needSizeOverlays) {
						sizeOverlays(newIndex);
					}

				}else{

					var sign = (transitionForward || newIndex > oldIndex) ? 1 : -1;
					dummyAnimElm.animate({ opacity: 1 }, { // opacity not actually used. `n` is all we want
						duration: 500,
						step: function(n) {
							slides[newIndex].css('left', sign * Math.round(contentWidth * (1 - n)));
							if (oldIndex !== undefined) {
								slides[oldIndex].css('left', -sign * Math.round(contentWidth * n));
							}
						},
						complete: function() {
							if (needSizeOverlays) {
								sizeOverlays(newIndex);
							}
							if (oldIndex !== undefined) {
								slides[oldIndex].css('left', '-101%'); // "hide"
							}
							dummyAnimElm.css('opacity', 0);
						}
					});

				}

			}else{

				var newSlideInner = slides[newIndex].find('.wslide-slide-inner2');
				var oldSlideInner;
				if (oldIndex !== undefined) {
					oldSlideInner = slides[oldIndex].find('.wslide-slide-inner2');
				}

				dummyAnimElm.animate({ opacity: 1 }, { // opacity not actually used. `n` is all we want
					duration: 500,
					step: function(n) {
						newSlideInner.css('opacity', n);
						slides[newIndex].css('left', 0); // "show"
						if (oldIndex !== undefined) {
							oldSlideInner.css('opacity', 1 - n);
						}
					},
					complete: function() {
						if (needSizeOverlays) {
							sizeOverlays(newIndex);
						}
						if (oldIndex !== undefined) {
							slides[oldIndex].css('left', '-101%'); // "hide"
						}
						dummyAnimElm.css('opacity', 0);
					}
				});

			}
		}
	}

	function preloadSlides(startingAt) {
		for (var i=startingAt; i<=startingAt+PRELOAD && i<photos.length; i++) {
			if (i>=0 && !slides[i]) {
				addSlide(photos[i], i); // populates slides[i]
			}
		}
	}

	/* 	navigation methods
	-----------------------------------------------------------------------*/

	function prev() {
		var i = slideIndex - 1;
		if (i >= 0) {
			go(i);
			putLinkInView(i, false);
		}
	}

	function next() {
		var i = (slideIndex + 1) % photos.length;
		go(i, true);
		putLinkInView(i, true);
	}

	function timedNext() {
		playTimeoutID = setTimeout(
			function() {
				if (!isDead()) {
					next();
				}
			},
			options.speed * 1000
		);
	}

	/* link mouseover sliding
	--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

	function linkContainerMouseover(ev) {
		isMouseOverLinks = true;
		linkHoverID++;
		if (horizontalLinks) {
			linkContainerX = linkContainer.offset().left;
		}else{
			linkContainerY = linkContainer.offset().top;
		}
	}

	function linkContainerMousemove(ev) {
		if (horizontalLinks && linkContainerInnerWidth < linkContainerWidth ||
			!horizontalLinks && linkContainerInnerHeight < linkContainerHeight) {
				return;
			}
		var n;
		if (horizontalLinks) {
			n = (ev.pageX - linkContainerX) / linkContainerWidth;
		}else{
			n = (ev.pageY - linkContainerY) / linkContainerHeight;
		}
		var v;
		if (n < LINK_MOVE_EDGES) {
			v = (1 - (n / LINK_MOVE_EDGES)) * LINK_MAX_VELOCITY_SQRT;
			v *= v;
		}
		else if (n > (1-LINK_MOVE_EDGES)) {
			v = ((n - (1-LINK_MOVE_EDGES)) / LINK_MOVE_EDGES) * LINK_MAX_VELOCITY_SQRT;
			v *= -v;
		}
		else {
			v = 0;
		}
		v = Math.round(v);
		if (linkTargetVelocity != v) {
			linkTargetVelocity = v;
			if (!linkIntervalID) {
				linkIntervalID = setInterval(linkMove, 35);
			}
		}
	}

	function linkMove() {
		if (linkVelocity < linkTargetVelocity) {
			linkVelocity += LINK_ACCELERATION;
		}
		else if (linkVelocity > linkTargetVelocity) {
			linkVelocity -= LINK_ACCELERATION;
		}
		if (!linkVelocity && !linkTargetVelocity) {
			clearInterval(linkIntervalID);
			linkIntervalID = null;
		}else{
			if (horizontalLinks) {
				linkX = Math.min(linkMax, Math.max(linkMin, linkX + linkVelocity));
				linkContainerInner.css('left', linkX);
			}else{
				linkY = Math.min(linkMax, Math.max(linkMin, linkY + linkVelocity));
				linkContainerInner.css('top', linkY);
			}
		}
	}

	function linkContainerMouseout(ev) {
		var savedID = ++linkHoverID;
		setTimeout(function() {
			if (savedID == linkHoverID) {
				linkTargetVelocity = 0;
				isMouseOverLinks = false;
			}
		}, 10);
	}

	/* putting links in view
	---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

	function putLinkInView(i, toFront) {
		if (links && !isMouseOverLinks) {
			var link = links[i];
			if (horizontalLinks) {
				var localLeft = link.position().left;
				var left = localLeft + linkContainerInner.position().left;
				var width = link.outerWidth();
				if (left < 0 || left + width > linkContainerWidth) {
					if (toFront) {
						tweenLinkX(-localLeft);
					}else{
						tweenLinkX(-(localLeft + width - linkContainerWidth));
					}
				}
			}else{
				var localTop = link.position().top;
				var top = localTop + linkContainerInner.position().top;
				var height = link.outerHeight();
				if (top < 0 || top + height > linkContainerHeight) {
					if (toFront) {
						tweenLinkY(-localTop);
					}else{
						tweenLinkY(-(localTop + height - linkContainerHeight));
					}
				}
			}
		}
	}

	function tweenLinkX(newX) {
		newX = Math.min(linkMax, Math.max(linkMin, newX));
		linkContainerInner.animate({ left: newX }, 500);
	}

	function tweenLinkY(newY) {
		newY = Math.min(linkMax, Math.max(linkMin, newY));
		linkContainerInner.animate({ top: newY }, 500);
	}

	function isDead() {
		if (!element.parents('body').length) {
			// element is gone now (might have switched to a different page in editor)
			_destroy();
			return true;
		}
		return false;
	}

	/* playing / pausing
	-------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

	function play() {
		if (photos.length > 1 && !playing) {
			element.addClass('wslide-playing');
			playing = true;
			updatePlayPauseButtons();
			var savedID = ++playPauseID;
			setTimeout(function() {
				if (savedID == playPauseID) {
					fadeControls();
				}
			}, 1000);
			if (slideImgWidths[slideIndex] && slideImgHeights[slideIndex]) { // current slide already loaded
				timedNext();
			}
		}
	}

	function pause() {
		if (playing) {
			element.removeClass('wslide-playing');
			playing = false;
			updatePlayPauseButtons();
			clearTimeout(playTimeoutID);
			playTimeoutID = null;
			playPauseID++;
		}
	}

	function updatePlayPauseButtons() {
		if (photos.length > 1) {
			if (playing) {
				playButton.css('opacity', 0).hide();
				pauseButton.css('opacity', 1).show();
			}else{
				playButton.css('opacity', 1).show();
				pauseButton.css('opacity', 0).hide();
			}
		}
	}

	/* control fading
	---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

	function showControls(skipIndent) {
		stopFadeControls();
		if (!skipIndent) {
			indentControls();
		}
		allOverlays.show().css('opacity', 1);
		controlsVisible = true;
	}

	function indentControls() {
		overlayTopLeft.css('padding-top', indentTop);
		overlayTopLeft.css('padding-left', indentLeft);
		overlayTopRight.css('padding-top', indentTop);
		overlayTopRight.css('padding-right', indentRight);
		overlayLeft.css('padding-left', indentLeft);
		overlayRight.css('padding-right', indentRight);
	}

	function hideControls() {
		stopFadeControls();
		allOverlays.hide();
		controlsVisible = false;
	}

	function fadeControls() {
		if (controlsVisible) {
			controlsVisible = false;
			allOverlays.animate({ opacity: 0 }, {
				duration: 1000,
				complete: function() {
					hideControls();
				}
			});
		}
	}

	function stopFadeControls() {
		allOverlays.stop(true); // true = clear queue
	}

	function mouseAction() {
		if (options.showControls) {
			if (!controlsVisible) {
				showControls(
					allOverlays.queue().length // skipIndent? = if any animations in the queue
				);
			}
			var savedID = ++mouseActionID;
			setTimeout(function() {
				if (savedID == mouseActionID) {
					if (controlsVisible) {
						fadeControls();
					}
				}
			}, 1000);
		}
	}

	/* Touchscreen Swiping
	-----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

	var IS_DEBUGGING = false;
	var TOUCHSTART = IS_DEBUGGING ? 'mousedown' : 'touchstart';
	var TOUCHMOVE = IS_DEBUGGING ? 'mousemove' : 'touchmove';
	var TOUCHEND = IS_DEBUGGING ? 'mouseup' : 'touchend';
	var TOUCHCANCEL = IS_DEBUGGING ? 'xxx' : 'touchcancel';

	// fuck: http://code.google.com/p/android/issues/detail?id=19827

	function initLinkSwiping(elm) {

		function touchstart(ev) {

			pause();

			if (linkIntervalID) {
				clearInterval(linkIntervalID);
				linkIntervalID = null;
				linkVelocity = 0;
			}

			var origCoord = getCoord(ev);
			var origLinkX = linkX;
			var origLinkY = linkY;
			var delta;
			var p0 = null;
			var p1 = null;
			var simulateClick = true;

			function touchmove(ev) {
				var coord = getCoord(ev);
				p0 = p1;
				p1 = coord;
				delta = coord - origCoord;
				if (Math.abs(delta) > 15) {
					simulateClick = false;
				}
				if (horizontalLinks) {
					linkX = origLinkX + delta;
					linkX = Math.max(linkMin, linkX);
					linkX = Math.min(linkMax, linkX);
					linkContainerInner.css('left', linkX);
				}else{
					linkY = origLinkY + delta;
					linkY = Math.max(linkMin, linkY);
					linkY = Math.min(linkMax, linkY);
					linkContainerInner.css('top', linkY);
				}
			}

			function touchend(ev) {
				if (simulateClick && elm.is('a')) {
					// make photoswipe show up
					window.Code.Util.Events.fire(elm[0], 'click');
				}
				if (p1 === null || p0 === null) {
					linkVelocity = 0;
				}else{
					linkVelocity = p1 - p0;
					linkVelocity = Math.max(-15, linkVelocity);
					linkVelocity = Math.min(15, linkVelocity);
				}
				linkTargetVelocity = 0;
				if (!linkIntervalID) {
					linkIntervalID = setInterval(linkMove, 35);
				}
				$(document)
					.off(TOUCHMOVE, touchmove)
					.off(TOUCHEND, touchend)
					.off(TOUCHCANCEL, touchend);
			}

			$(document)
				.off(TOUCHMOVE, touchmove)
				.off(TOUCHEND, touchend)
				.off(TOUCHCANCEL, touchend);

			return false;

		}

		elm.on(TOUCHSTART, touchstart);

	}

	function getCoord(ev) {
		if (horizontalLinks) {
			return touchCoordObj(ev).pageX;
		}else{
			return touchCoordObj(ev).pageY;
		}
	}

	function touchCoordObj(ev) {
		if (IS_DEBUGGING) {
			return ev;
		}
		return ev.touches[0];
	}

	/* window resizing
	--------------------------------------------------------------*/

	var windowResizeID = 0;

	function windowResize() {
		var savedID = ++windowResizeID;
		setTimeout(function() {
			if (savedID == windowResizeID) {
				if (!isDead()) {
					updateSize();
				}
			}
		}, 500);
	}

}

function thumbnailURL(photo) {
	var url = photo.url;
	if (!url.match("/weebly/images/")) {
		url = '/uploads/' + url;
	}
	return url;
}

function largeURL(photo) {
	var url = photo.url;
	if (!url.match("/weebly/images/")) {
		url = '/uploads/' + url;
		url = url.replace(/^(.*)\.([^\.]+)$/, "$1_orig.$2");
	}
	return url;
}

function loadImage(imgNode, src, onload) {
	var intervalID = null;
	var called = false;
	function done() {
		if (intervalID) {
			clearInterval(intervalID);
			intervalID = null;
		}
		if (!called) {
			called = true;
			onload();
		}
	};
	imgNode.onload = done;
	imgNode.src = src;
	if (imgNode.complete) {
		done();
	}else{
		intervalID = setInterval(function() {
			if (imgNode.complete) {
				done();
			}
		}, 500);
	}
}

/************************** helpers for theme-css-loaded detection ***********************/
// ripped from flyout_menus.js

function isThemeCSSLoaded() {
	var stylePrefix = window.STYLE_PREFIX || 'weebly';
	if (window.isMobileTheme) {
		return true; // hack
	}
	for (var i=0; i<document.styleSheets.length; i++) {
		try {
			if (document.styleSheets[i].title == stylePrefix+'-theme-css') {
				var sheet = document.styleSheets[i];
				var rules = sheet.cssRules || sheet.rules;
				return rules && rules.length > 0;
			}
		}
		catch (err) {}
	}
	if (window.currentSite) {
		// in the editor
		// there will always be a weebly-theme-css, so if it isn't in the DOM yet, it is coming
		return false;
	}else{
		// on published site
		// if there is no weebly-theme-css stylesheet at this point, there will never be, so we are done
		return true;
	}
}

function whenThemeCSSLoaded(callback) {
	if (isThemeCSSLoaded()) {
		callback();
	}else{
		var intervalID = setInterval(function() {
			if (isThemeCSSLoaded()) {
				clearInterval(intervalID);
				callback();
			}
		}, 200);
	}
}

})(Weebly, Weebly.jQuery);

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
info@centraleurasia.org
James Pickett is Assistant Professor in the History Department of the University of Pittsburgh. He is currently completing a study of Islamic scholars in Central Asia during the nineteenth century, and is beginning an investigation of semi- colonialism and cultures of documentation in the Islamic world.
Amanda E. Wooden is Associate Professor of Environmental Politics & Policy in the Environmental Studies Program at Bucknell University. She is currently President of the Central Eurasian Studies Society and a member of the executive board.
Sarah Dixon Klump is an Independent Scholar in Providence, Rhode Island engaging with questions of culture, knowledge, and power in Central Eurasia. Her focus on the arts, history, and culture of the region approaches politics as mediated by cultural practices, and culture as suffused with power. She holds a Master of Arts in Eurasian, Russian, and East European Studies and a Bachelor of Science in Foreign Service from Georgetown University.
Cody Behles is a graduate student in Library Science and Central Eurasian Studies at Indiana University.
Cultural Anthropologist of Central Eurasia. Associate Professor, Department of Anthropology, and Department of Near Eastern Languages and Cultures, The Ohio State University.
Bradley Jensen Murg is a doctoral candidate in Political Science at the University of Washington and Adjunct Professor of Political Science at Seattle Pacific University.
Malika Bahovadinova is a political anthropologist studying state-citizen relations. She is a research fellow at the University of Manchester and at the Czech Academy of Sciences. She is currently working on her book manuscript on migration and its management exploring the themes of violence in migration, the politics of representation, and place-making.
Diana Kudaibergenova is currently a post-doctoral researcher in the Sociology of Law at Lund University. She studies different intersections of power relations through the realms of political sociology (focusing on nationalising regimes and nationalism of new states of post-soviet space), cultural sociology, gender studies, and socio-legal studies.
Justin Jacobs is a historian of China, Xinjiang, the Silk Road, antiquities, and archaeology. He is the author of Indiana Jones in History: From Pompeii to the Moon (IndianaJonesInHistory.com) and Xinjiang and the Modern Chinese State. He serves as editor of The Silk Road, the journal of the Silkroad Foundation, and hosts "Beyond Huaxia," a podcast on East Asian history.
Ben Shook received his MSc in Asian Politics at the School of Oriental and African Studies. His dissertation examines contemporary PRC interest in Central Asia through the lens of official Chinese-language think tank publications.
Philipp Lottholz is currently a Visiting Fellow at the Collaborative Research Centre/Transregio "Dynamics of Security", Philipps-University of Marburg (Germany). He completed his PhD in the International Development Department, University of Birmingham (UK).
Eva-Marie Dubuisson is a linguistic anthropologist whose writing and research concerns expressive culture, poetry and politics, as well as discourses of ecology and geography in Kazakhstan. She teaches linguistics at Nazarbayev University, and is currently the editor of the CESS Blog and a member of the executive board.
Aisalkyn Botoeva is currently a visiting fellow at the Islamic Legal Studies Program: Law & Social Change at Harvard Law School. She received her doctoral degree in Sociology from Brown University in 2017.
Melissa Kerr Chiovenda is a doctoral candidate in anthropology at the University of Connecticut. She conducted a total of eighteen months of fieldwork in Afghanistan, in Bamyan, Jalalabad, and Kabul. She has an MA from Georgetown University's Russian, Eurasian, and East European Studies program, and was a Peace Corps volunteer in Kyrgyzstan and Uzbekistan.
Michael Igoe is a freelance writer and graduate student in International Conservation & Development at the University of Montana.
Dr Ibañez-Tirado is a social anthropologist with in depth experience of research in southern Tajikistan (temporality, everyday life, intimacy, the body, Islam), and Russia and Ukraine (intimacy, multi-ethnic family life, trade). From October 2015, Diana became a Postdoctoral researcher at the School of Global Studies (Anthropology) and joined a team of scholars working on the project: "Yiwu: Trust, Global Traders and Commodities in a Chinese International City" (TRODITIES) funded by an ERC-Advanced Grant. Her current research in this collaborative project revolves around the circulation of people, commodities and knowledge between Yiwu and Central Asia.
David Levy is a doctoral student in Sociology at Boston University.
Riccardo Mario Cucciolla is a research fellow at the Higher School of Economics (HSE) in Moscow. He specializes in the political history of Soviet Russia and Central Asia―particularly in the evolution of center-periphery relations in Soviet Uzbekistan during the Cotton Affair.
Luca Anceschi lectures in Central Asian Studies at the University of Glasgow, where he also edits .
Graduate of MA in Politics and Security in Central Asia (2012-2013), Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) – Аcademy in Bishkek, Kyrgyz Republic. Contact email: v.lakhonin@osce-academy.net
Rune Steenberg is an anthropologist specialising in Uyghur and Xinjiang issues. He has conducted long term fieldwork in China and Kyrgyzstan and focuses on kinship, trade and the concept of "customs." Rune is currently a post-doctoral scholar at the University of Copenhagen in a project financed by Velux Fonden.
Eric Schluessel is an Assistant Professor of History and Political Science and the Director of East Asian Studies at the University of Montana. He teaches courses in the history and politics of China, and his research focuses on the social history of Xinjiang during the Qing dynasty (1636/44-1911) and twentieth century.
Mohira Suyarkulova is a queer feminist communist and a scholar of Central Asia, living in Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan. Since completing her PhD in International Relations at St Andrews University (UK) in 2011, she has held a number of research and teaching positions in Europe and Kyrgyzstan. She is currently an Associate Professor in the Sociology department at the American University of Central Asia. Dr. Suyarkulova's latest work focuses on the politics of gender and sexuality in Central Asia, engaging in participatory action research located at the intersection of scholarship and activism.
Maria Louw is Associate Professor in Anthropology at Aarhus University, Denmark. Her research interests include ethics, religion, secularism, atheism, generations and ghosts. She has conducted extensive fieldwork in Uzbekistan and Kyrgyzstan.
Sara O'Connor is a doctoral student in Urban Planning and Public Policy at the University of California-Irvine whose research benefitted by receipt of a 2019 Kugelman Fellowship and a 2019 Center for Global Peace and Conflict Studies grant. She has a Masters in Urban Planning from New York University, and a Bachelors of Arts from Bryn Mawr College in Anthropology and Middle Eastern Studies. Sara's research focuses on urban development and urban civic participation in post-conflict and post-colonial nations. Sara has been a fellow at KIMEP University in Almaty, Kazakhstan on two occasions, first in 2012 as a Dr. Chan Young Bang Fellow and second in 2019 as a Visiting Research Fellow. She currently lives in Long Beach, California.
Dr. Jakhongir Kakhkharov is a Lecturer in Finance at the College of Business, Government and Law, Flinders University in Adelaide, Australia. Dr. Kakhkharov holds PhD degree in Finance from Griffith University, Australia and a Master's degree from Columbia University specialising in International Banking and Finance, New York, USA and has done postgraduate research in Economics at University of Oxford, UK. Dr Kakhkharov's research interests focus on the impact of remittances on socio-economic phenomena, fintech, banking, and financial sector development in transition economies. He published in peer-reviewed economics and finance journals. His past work experience includes a number of consultancy projects with World Bank, UNDP, ADB, GIZ and staff positions with ABN AMRO Bank.
Dr. Rachel Harris is a Reader in Ethnomusicology and a research coordinator at the SOAS China Institute. Her research centres on the region of Xinjiang, and especially on the music of the Muslim Central Asian Uyghurs, but also encompasses broader perspectives on Chinese music, including an edited volume on gender in Chinese music.
Kamila Kovyazina is a sociology researcher, who has a 10-year experience of working for a number of research institutes in Kazakhstan, including the Institute of Eurasian Integration, Economic Research Institute and the Institute of World Economics and Politics. Now she is an independent scholar, consulting the Ministry of Education and Science of Republic of Kazakhstan and World Bank for the Youth Corps Project. She participated in more than 40 research projects, such as electoral public opinion polls, assessment of socio-political situation in the country and in individual cities, public perception of the effectiveness of public control in the fight against corruption, assessment of social well-being of Kazakhstanis and the level of protest intentions, study socio-economic situation in rural areas, problems of cooperation in agriculture, population employment study and others.
Patryk Reid is a historian of environment with regional specialization in Central Asia, Russia, and the USSR. He is currently UCIS Postdoctoral Fellow at the Center for Russian, East European and Eurasian Studies at the University of Pittsburgh.
Arzuu Sheranova is currently a PhD candidate in the Doctoral School of International Relations and Political Science at the Corvinus University of Budapest. Her doctoral dissertation examines nation-building and power legitimacy in Central Asia. Arzuu holds MA degree from the OSCE Academy in Bishkek Master's programme in Politics and Security (2015). She has more than seven years of work experience in international organizations, working in Central Asia on conflict mitigation, conflict prevention, community-security, good governance and development. Her research interests include Nationalism, Peacebuilding, Security, Elections and Clan Politics.
Meghanne Barker is currently a Collegiate Assistant Professor of Social Sciences in the Society of Fellows at the University of Chicago. She is a linguistic anthropologist whose research examines intersections of play, performance, materiality, and childhood in post-Soviet Kazakhstan. Barker received her PhD in 2017 from the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor.
Lhagvademchig J. Shastri is a cultural anthropologist and a Visiting Researcher at the University of Shiga Prefecture, Japan.
Grace H. Zhou is a PhD Candidate in the Department of Anthropology at Stanford University. She is completing her doctoral dissertation on intimate economies and the politics of work and welfare in Central Asia. Her current research centers on southern Kyrgyzstan, but she has begun exploratory research in the Aral Sea regions of Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan.
James Plumtree is an Assistant Professor at the American University of Central Asia, and is part of the Analyzing Kyrgyz Narratives (AKYN) project.
Guldana Salimjan, PhD, is a Research Associate at the Institute of Asian Research, University of British Columbia.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
We recently updated our Terms and Conditions. Please read and accept these updated terms and conditions in order to access the American Veteran community website.
Last updated: April 1, 2020.
Please read these Terms of Use ("Terms", "Terms of Use") carefully before using the marvincummings.com website (the "Service") operated by Marvin Cummings ("us", "we", or "our").
The Service and its original content, features and functionality are and will remain the exclusive property of The American Veteran, llc and its licensors.
Our Service may contain links to third-party web sites or services that are not owned or controlled by The American Veteran, llc.
The American Veteran, llc has no control over, and assumes no responsibility for, the content, privacy policies, or practices of any third party web sites or services. You further acknowledge and agree that Marvin Cummings shall not be responsible or liable, directly or indirectly, for any damage or loss caused or alleged to be caused by or in connection with use of or reliance on any such content, goods or services available on or through any such web sites or services.
Your use of the Service is at your sole risk. The Service is provided on an "AS IS" and "AS AVAILABLE" basis. The Service is provided without warranties of any kind, whether express or implied, including, but not limited to, implied warranties of merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement or course of performance.
We recently updated our Privacy Policy. Please read and accept this updated privacy policy in order to access the American Veteran community website.
Last updated: April 1, 2020. Marvin Cummings ("us", "we", or "our") operates the marvincummings.com website (the "Service"). This page informs you of our policies regarding the collection, use and disclosure of Personal Information when you use our Service. We will not use or share your information with anyone except as described in this Privacy Policy. We use your Personal Information for providing and improving the Service. By using the Service, you agree to the collection and use of information in accordance with this policy. Unless otherwise defined in this Privacy Policy, terms used in this Privacy Policy have the same meanings as in our Terms and Conditions, accessible at marvincummings.com.
While using our Service, we may ask you to provide us with certain personally identifiable information that can be used to contact or identify you. Personally identifiable information ("Personal Information") may include, but is not limited to:
We collect information that your browser sends whenever you visit our Service ("Log Data"). This Log Data may include information such as your computer's Internet Protocol ("IP") address, browser type, browser version, the pages of our Service that you visit, the time and date of your visit, the time spent on those pages and other statistics.
Google AdSense & DoubleClick Cookie
Google, as a third party vendor, uses cookies to serve ads on our Service.
Cookies are files with small amount of data, which may include an anonymous unique identifier. Cookies are sent to your browser from a web site and stored on your computer's hard drive. We use "cookies" to collect information. You can instruct your browser to refuse all cookies or to indicate when a cookie is being sent. However, if you do not accept cookies, you may not be able to use some portions of our Service.
We may employ third party companies and individuals to facilitate our Service, to provide the Service on our behalf, to perform Service-related services or to assist us in analyzing how our Service is used. These third parties have access to your Personal Information only to perform these tasks on our behalf and are obligated not to disclose or use it for any other purpose.
Our Service may contain links to other sites that are not operated by us. If you click on a third party link, you will be directed to that third party's site. We strongly advise you to review the Privacy Policy of every site you visit. We have no control over, and assume no responsibility for the content, privacy policies or practices of any third party sites or services.
Our Service does not address anyone under the age of 18 ("Children"). We do not knowingly collect personally identifiable information from children under 18. If you are a parent or guardian and you are aware that your child has provided us with Personal Information, please contact us. If we discover that a child under 18 has provided us with Personal Information, we will delete such information from our servers immediately.
If you have any questions about this Privacy Policy, please contact me directory.
Privacy Policy & Cookies Policy updated to deliver the best browsing experience for our Veterans and visitors. By continuing to browse this website you are agreeing to our Privacy Policy and consenting to the use of Cookies. Please refer to our Compliance dashboard for help on managing information collected by this website.
Change Settings Cookie Policy
iMarket
T.A.V.
Home Wuhan Barber Uses Home-made Contraption as Coronavirus Protection
Contact Me via Email: MarvinCummings@iMarketNetwork.com.
Marvin Cummings, October 25, 2020 October 25, 2020 , Covid-19 T.V.
A barber cutting hair in Wuhan, China – the place where the coronavirus is thought to have originated – is wearing a mask made from a plastic bottle and a pipe. Veuer's Sam Berman has the full story.
Trump Wants To Terminate U.S. Relationship With World Health Organization Over China's Actions
Trump Wants To Terminate U.S. Relationship With World Health Organization Over China's Actions Read More
Wuhan se prepara ante un nuevo brote de coronavirus
Read Pathology and Genetics: Tumours of Haematopoietic and Lymphoid Tissues (World Health Organization
Read here http://ebook4share.us/?book=9283224116 Read Pathology and Genetics: Tumours of Haematopoietic and Lymphoid Tissues (World Health Organization Read More
How coronavirus spreed
The main fact to spreed coronavirus cavid 19. #coronavirus #cavid19 #news Read More
Animals Have Coronavirus
China rejects Donald Trump's 'baseless' coronavirus accusations
Taxes And Coronavirus
Here's the report. Read More
Swine flu was predicted in 2004
Swine flu was predicted in 2004 Read More
VICTORY AChina Raises Wuhan Coronavirus Death Toll by 50 Percent
NETWORK SPONSOR
Complete the subscription form to be added to my IMMC mailing list.
Double Opt-in required to validate the account email address.
CHANNEL ADS
IMMC INTRO
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wCLSxP5f6gg
Latest – Blog
iMarket Network
IMMC T.V.
New Undertakings
The American Veteran
©2003 - 2021 Marvin Cummings (IMMC). All rights reserved. Home | Compliance. Hosted by: T.A.V..


text:
Good practice for organizing users in groups
Is there a clever (or preferred) way to organize users and groups in FotoWare?
A possible caveat (and key to solving it)
In many Active Directory hierarchies, we see that administrators group people by the organizational department they're part of. This can (but may not always) prove a challenge with FotoWeb, since more fine grained access control is required. The suggestion and example below offers a potential solution to this, by expanding on the departmental approach in a way that makes the system more manageable to the FotoWeb administrator without upsetting the domain administrators. Read on to learn how!
Instead of just mapping departments to groups, as is often the case in a regular Active Directory setup, it may be a good idea to also create groups that represent people based on their roles - which resources they can access and what they're allowed to do with them. That way, it will be possible to add existing AD groups (representing departments) to the groups that represent roles. This approach also does away with the necessity of having to manually reorganize the structure on the user level.
Group:Album users (has access to create albums)
Group: Album sharing (has access to share albums)
The existing AD Group Marketing is a member of the Album users and the Album sharing group, but does not have explicit album rights on its own.
Tip: Roles can be modeled directly using AD groups or using groups that only exist in FotoWeb but have AD groups as members. Individual users from the AD can also be added to such a role group.
Understanding roles helps you have fewer groups to deal with in the FotoWeb access lists. That's a good thing as the system expands as you won't have to rethink the entire structure of things as user adoption increases.
The following scenario may pose a challenge, so a solution has been suggested further down.
Group A has access to "apples"
Group B has access to "oranges"
A user who is a member of both groups should have access to "apples or oranges", but attempting to do things this way will not work.
Create a new GroupAB and make it a member of Group A and Group B.
Give GroupAB access to "apples or oranges"
Make sure the access list entry for GroupAB comes before the ones of Group A and Group B in the archive access list.
Organizing users into Groups
How FotoWare User Licenses and Groups work
fotoweb groups


text:
Comprehensive authority and protections codified in state legislation, regulation, or other public health rules are the bedrock of the Maternal Mortality Review Committee (MMRC). Without them, MMRCs cannot carry out key functions of the public health surveillance process.
Efforts to establish or strengthen a MMRC should include a review of the state's laws and regulations to determine which protections and authorities are already in place for the MMRC to operate. Public health attorneys in your state health department can be instrumental in this review and understanding the implications of existing laws and regulations.
Authority and protections for MMRCs must protect the intent of the public health surveillance process. The purpose of the MMRC is not to find fault or assign blame to individual providers or hospitals but to look for opportunities to prevent maternal deaths within and across cases for population level action. It is distinct from and not a substitute for hospital peer review committees, root cause analysis, or complaint investigations.
To assist emerging or established MMRCs in evaluating their authority and protections, the following six key components of authority and protections for MMRCs should be in place. To see examples of each of the components as written in state legislation, read the Key Components of MMRC Authorities and Protections resource, linked below.
COMMUNICATION METHOD
RATIONALE & OBJECTIVE
Authority to Access Data
Case abstractors should be able to collect at a minimum vital records, hospitalization and prenatal care records, and autopsy reports. Other desirable data sources include interviews with family members or police reports. Pointing to clear authority in legislation can facilitate compliance with data requests.
Confidentiality and Protection of Collected Data, Proceedings and Activities
Confidentiality for MMRCs refers to the legal protection of information collected as part of the review process and the protection of the MMRC's discussions and findings from discovery or subpoena. Strong confidentiality protections can facilitate participation in reviews and the sharing of data and information.
Immunity for Committee Members
Immunity protects MMRC members as well as any witnesses or others providing information from personal liability based on activities during the review process. Immunity facilitates full participation in the review process.
Regular Reporting and Dissemination of Findings
Specifying how often and to whom/to what entity the MMRC will report its findings and recommendations helps keep the MMRC as a public health priority for the state and facilitates dissemination of best practices.
Multidisciplinary Committee With Local Input
The MMRC members should represent a variety of clinical and psychosocial specializations and members working in and representing diverse communities and from different geographic regions in the state. Specifying representation can facilitate diversity and inclusion of key stakeholder groups.
Ability to Share De-identified Data and Findings Locally and Regionally
Flexible authority for limited access to MMRC data for research and to collaborate with other jurisdictions helps MMRCs overcome challenges presented by the identification of trends from small caseloads or cases where the place of residence and place of death are in different states; it also enables the MMRC to participate in activities to advance regional or national priorities in maternal mortality prevention.
Key Components of MMRC Authorities and Protections


Why toothpaste may be bad for your teeth?
Most of us use toothpaste and don't really give a second thought to the brand or type we use. But do we really need to use it for the health of our teeth in the first place?
The short answer is no. Regardless of what the dental industry tells you about your toothpaste, using it does not remove more plaque. In fact, I know many dental hygienists and dentists that do not use toothpaste on a daily basis. They do not have gum disease or cavities as a result. Your toothbrush and floss used properly and efficiently, is what actually removes the plaque from your teeth.
Base-Alkaline- temporarily makes your mouth less acidic but removing plaque would also accomplish this.
Flavoring- to make you use it.
The point here is that although toothpaste makes your mouth feel clean, be wary of all of the claims toothpaste companies make. The only ingredient on the list above with a proven track record is fluoride. There has been recent studies that have shown that many toothpastes claiming to be whitening or stain removing actually damage your enamel and root surfaces. In fact, there is an abrasively scale that is used to determine how abrasive a toothpaste is.
Check your teeth. Do you have areas at the gum line that look like this?
Can you feel a "ledge" at the neck of your tooth?
Moral of the story is to make sure the toothpaste you choose is benefiting you teeth rather than harming them. Select one that addresses a special need you have and that is low on the RDA (relative abrasively index). Use it knowing that it is your excellent brushing technique, and not the toothpaste, that is removing plaque and keeping your gums healthy!
Healthy Teeth, Healthy Body………..We wish you both.


Chris Eldridge (left) and Julian Lage released the album Mount Royal in February.
They come from different musical worlds. But you'd never guess that after seeing them perform in the Krannert Center's Foellinger Great Hall as part of this year's ELLNORA Guitar Festival in Champaign-Urbana on the campus of the University of Illinois.
Chris Eldridge and Julian Lage appeared modest, almost solemn, standing astride the Hall's large stage. But, in a program that included music from their new album Mount Royal (Free Dirt Records) and their previous album, Avalon (Modern Lore, 2014), the 2100-seat Hall was filled with the wondrous sounds of two musicians playing as one.
Lage has been making a name for himself in and out of the jazz world for years. Eldridge, on the other hand, remains a prominent player on the bluegrass scene, having worked with the bands Seldom Scene and the Infamous Stringdusters en route to helping to make the pan-stylistic Punch Brothers a household name. Eldridge has also become a regular in Chris Thile's house band for the popular weekly NPR program A Prairie Home Companion.
DownBeat sat down with Lage and Eldridge for a chat downstairs at the Krannert Center shortly before their soundcheck at the ELLNORA Festival.
Eldridge: We were at a Punch Brothers show, and Julian had his first record where he did a couple of tracks with Thile and Béla Fleck [Sounding Point, EmArcy]. And we just got our guitars out, because that's what guitar players do, and played, and it was really strong.
Lage: We eventually booked small tours. We were forced to make a small recording to have something for the tour. And it kind of blossomed into what it is now. But the collaborative thing is not just bluegrass plus jazz equals us; it doesn't function that way. We are thinking there are things you can do with instruments that only happen when you put two together; not three, not one.
What are the contrasts between Avalon and Mount Royal?
Lage: Avalon was produced by Kenneth Pattengale of the Milk Carton Kids; a great musician, great producer. His tactic for us was to emulate a live performance but put it on record. So Avalon is in the Avalon Theatre, in eastern Maryland, and recorded in probably four hours; just like a live show without an audience. And we picked what we thought was best and put out the record. Mount Royal [produced by the Punch Brothers' Gabe Witcher] was a deliberate process of writing original music. It wasn't to capture a moment in time as much as like, you know, a presentation of what we've always wanted to do but never had a chance to do. It was a long, grueling process compared to Avalon.
Unlike on Avalon, the two of you two write most of the music for Mount Royal. But there are a few covers that include Chris' vocals ["Mississippi Valley," "Sleeping By Myself," "Things In Life"]. Why singing covers?
Eldridge: We tried writing lyrics as part of this writing process. But that didn't go well.
While you were gigging, were you both writing material?
Eldridge: No, we stopped everything. It was a very deliberate process: we're gonna write a new record and make a new record.
Listening to Mount Royal, it's noticeable how complementary your guitar styles are. It's like you're finishing each other's sentences.
Eldridge: The fact that Julian and I get to do this thing, it's really a celebration of two guitars and two people playing music together and really having conversations. That's something I've never really gotten to do before this project.
Would that hold true for you as well, Julian?
Lage: No. The guitarists I studied with growing up, you play guitar with your teacher a lot, and you play a lot of duo gigs for a while. [Veteran jazz guitar player] Mick Goodrick was adamant about playing guitar duets, either between the students, or with him.
Whereas for you, Chris, it was more of a new adventure?
Eldridge: Yeah. For me, the guitar was something I'd practice, I'd spend a lot of time by myself in my room. And then the musical world that I tend to occupy, which is more of the string-band world, there's not a lot of precedent for that. Usually I'm playing with other instruments from that world, and they kind of add up and do a thing together. You know, a fiddle and a banjo and a mandolin and a bass. There's a lot of music to be made with those instruments. But now, it feels like, anything goes.
How much of the music on Mount Royal is improvised?
Eldridge: Well, it depends on the song. There are a couple of songs that are more or less through-composed, but there are definitely plenty of songs where there's straight-up improvising, where someone's taking a solo. It's just like any song you play: There's a form, and then we're trying to actually have a conversation as the form is existing.
When do you both take a sizable break from what you aren't calling a tour?


text:
Women's soccer: With new roster, Badger women searching for identity in spring ball
Wisconsin finished exhibition with Chicago Red Stars, spring season starts next month
by Adam Blackwell · Mar 11, 2018 Share Tweet
Quinn Beaupre/The Badger Herald
While some may look at the short spring women's soccer season as a mere taste test for what's to come in the main fall season, the games still have pertinence. Players will get the chance to dust off the winter cobwebs and get some valuable game time under their belts before a growing list of new recruits to join them in the fall.
This past Sunday, to kick off their spring season, the University of Wisconsin women's soccer team headed down to Rockford, Illinois to face the Chicago Red Stars, a National Women's Soccer League team. While the results were not released to the public, the game was a useful pre-season hit out for both sides. The Red Stars season starts on March 25, and the Badgers spring season a few weeks later on the April 15.
Though the Wisconsin women were up against pro competition, head coach Paula Wilkins saw the game against Chicago as an opportunity for growth.
"Well I think it was a bit eye-opening for us in many different ways," said Wilkins. "What it taught us is to not take anything for granted — that our preparation for next year has to be super focused and that we have a lot of spots that we still need to get better at in general. A new goalkeeper in goal with Jordyn Bloomer. Sorting out the back line again because of some injuries that we had. I think that gives us a place to start. And looking at it moving to play Notre Dame in a couple weeks, I think it was a great learning tool for sure."
Men's hockey: Wisconsin season comes to end after disappointing loss to MichiganThe University of Wisconsin men's hockey team (14-19-4, 8-13-3 Big Ten) dropped the first two games 5-6 and 4-7 in Read…
Though high usage players like Dani Rhodes and Lauren Rice will return this year, as Wilkins noted, the Badgers are looking for a new goalie to replace long-term starter, Caitlyn Clem. Jordyn Bloomer, the only keeper on the roster with any in-game experience, is currently leading for the position.
Following this pre-season match up the team will be turning their eyes towards games against Notre Dame, Marquette, Missouri and Milwaukee.
If past results are anything to go by, the Badgers will be looking to turn the tables on Notre Dame, having won only twice in their 17 previous meetings.
But they have enjoyed more success against Marquette and Milwaukee with seven previous wins over Marquette and 21 wins over Milwaukee, having played them 14 and 33 times respectively.
Women's soccer: Badgers head to South Carolina for second round of NCAA tournamentAfter a dominant 5-0 blowout victory over Toledo last Friday evening, the University of Wisconsin women's soccer team has moved Read…
Missouri is the most unfamiliar opponent of the spring games with the two sides having not played each other since 2006, with the bragging rights currently shared at one win each all-time.
Speaking in a more recent context, of these four opponents the Badgers only came up against one of them last season, playing Marquette in an exhibition match early on in the schedule. That matchup resulted in a 4-1 win for the Badgers, a performance they will be looking to replicate when they meet again on April 20.
This slate of four games in April makes up the UW women's soccer spring schedule for 2018. Two of the games, vs. Marquette and Milwaukee will be played at home at the McClimon Complex.
The McClimon Complex has been a field of great success for UW women's soccer in recent times, only being beaten once in 10 games on their home turf this past season. A season which saw them finish with a record of 14 wins, six losses and two draws but finished with a tough one-nil loss to number one ranked South Carolina in the second round of the NCAA Tournament.
Women's Hockey: Badgers fall to Gophers for first time, chance at redemption coming SaturdayOn Sunday afternoon, the No. 7 University of Minnesota women's hockey team upset the No. 1 University of Wisconsin women's hockey Read…
Though the Badgers fell short, Coach Wilkins was happy that her team could stay competitive in high-pressure games versus top competition.
"Any time you get a chance to play in those high-pressure games you learn something about yourself and you also build a little bit of confidence. We walked away from that game saying we can play with a team of that quality and that's the era where we want to get to. So every time we get to play those teams it's just exciting for me because you can see players just raise their levels and that's related a little bit to training," said Wilkins.
Considering last season's results, the amount of returning players and the exciting new group of talent that will be joining in the fall, the outlook is positive for the upcoming season.
Especially with the news that the team will continue to be guided by six-time Big Ten coach of the year Paula Wilkins. It was recently announced that Wilkins' contract would be extended three years, meaning she will remain at the helm until at least 2021.
Men's Basketball: March is wretched month for peasants, idiotsOn the last play of the season, in the second round of the Big Ten Tournament against Michigan State University Read…
Since taking over as the head coach at Wisconsin in 2009 Wilkins has guided the women's soccer team to more than 100 wins and six NCAA Tournament appearances. Wilkins holds an impressive career coaching record of 240-91-45 and has claim to the highest win percentage all-time among Big Ten women's soccer coaches with 10 or more years of experience.
Coach Wilkins and the Badger women will look forward to their next game April 15 against Notre Dame in South Bend.
This article was published Mar 11, 2018 at 10:19 am and last updated Mar 13, 2018 at 8:29 pm
Tags: Badger women's soccer, Big ten, Chicago red stars, Dani rhodes, Jordyn bloomer, Paula wilkins, Womens soccer
Next in Sports
The semester that was in Wisconsin athletics
Spring semester featured National Championship from women's hockey team, NCAA Tournament berth for men's basketball
Football: Four former Badgers selected in 2019 NFL Draft
OL Michael Deiter first Badger off the board as several teammates slip below projections
Football: Last year's top receivers return as quarterback battle rages on
Coan, Mertz continue to compete for QB1 as both players gel with experienced receiving core
Track and Field: Hoare sets UW record in 1500 meters, headlining busy weekend in California
The junior set a world-leading time in his outdoor season debut


Benefit from the free World Coin Price Guide on NGCcoin.com by reviewing coin details and India-British MADRAS PRESIDENCY.East India Company, Wholesale Various High Quality East India Company Products from Global East India Company Suppliers and East India Company Factory,Importer.
In 1693 the Dutch East India Company. which was based on the gold Mohur coin of the British East India.
Trova le offerte migliori per one quarter anna east india company 1835 coin su eBay.
Visit the free World Coin Price Guide on NGCcoin.com to get coin details and prices for India-British Rupee coins.
I was searching for some coins in eBay and came across this coin of Indira Gandhi.
Find great deals on eBay for east india company coins and dutch east india company coins.
Find best value and selection for your Rare One 1 Quarter anna British East india company 1835 coin coins search on eBay.
East India Company. 1981 B India Silver 100 Rupees Proof Coin Ngc Pf69 Ultra Cameo Year Of The Child.
Indian coins collection, British India coins, East India Company - one Rupee.Solved: Dear, i am selling 1835 East india company half anna and 1818 Ram Darbar( ukl) old coin.This coin published British company ruling in.
What would be the value of an 1840 East India Company 1 Rupee coin.East India 1734 Voc Copper Duit World Coin Netherlands East Indies. 1755 Netherlands Dutch East India Company - Voc Duit Coin Token. I have 400 to 500 years old a mughal copper coin.and many old.


With 40 years experience in sports journalism, Channel 7's Pat Welsh is one of the most respected men in his field - so of course Laurel, Gary and Mark had to test that theory.
And even pros like Pat can stumble occasionally.
Sir Bob Geldof Comes To 4KQ!


On my random searches for fun new snack places to try in Vegas, I happened to come across Secret Pizza inside the Cosmopolitan. Hmm, something that is elusive and popular... I must find it!!! As soon as I told Ms. Lin about my new destination, she wanted to take part of my search.
Since there was no hurry for us to catch our 2nd-3rd after dinner snack, Ms. Lin and I took our time taking fun pictures a the big red stiletto by the front entrance! **Click Click** Many hilarious and memorable photos later, we decided it was time to start the hunt.
The Secret Pizza place is definitely not as elusive as you think. This kind of took the fun away from finding it, but then again it was late at night and we were just fooling around. Of course this was not meant as a main meal. It's meant to be 4th or 5th meal as it is open very late at night.
I feel that I can't really divulge the exact whereabouts since everyone else just gives the clue that the location is on the 2nd floor. That's all the hints you really need. It is not that hard of a location to find. Just follow against the walls and you will see the entrance. The hallway is laced with historic album covers leading you down a "secret path" to the infamous Secret Pizza location.
Secret Pizza is definitely a unique experience because in this new high-end hotel you can still score a meal under $10?? Not too bad. Of course that only means 1 slice of pizza and a drink, but hey for Vegas it is a steal in this prime location. Besides, this is just a fun spot to stop off at. It's almost like stepping back in time or through a portal that takes you off the strip to a simple wholesome pizza place.
Even the menu board is completely retro. Simple and good is their philosophy here. You can kill time while the pizza is being heated up by playing some good ole pinball game or watch the game. Relax, grab a beer and enjoy!
The staff members here were very nice and patient. We looked at all the options and asked for their advice. If we weren't so full from our many dinners, I would have bought a slice of every kind but we were both filled to the brim and had plans to meet up with my friends who were in town for ANOTHER meal. lol We had to plan it safe and pace ourselves! lol So one slice each and that was it.
Their pizza is reminiscent of NY-style pizza without the floppiness that makes it hard to eat with your hands. The white pizza was garlicky and flavorful. Not too salty and just simple goodness.
Ms. Lin decided to try their Sausage & Pepperoni Pizza. They use their own house made sausages that are thickly sliced like pepperoni on top. I thought the pizza was good but a bit on the salty side for me. The good thing is Ms. Lin likes her food more savory and salty so she enjoyed her choice more than mine, which was fine since I liked mine better. It worked out perfectly.
Now it boils down to this ... Is this the best pizza in the world? Nope! BUT... I think it is a must! There's no muss and no fuss here. This should definitely be on your checklist of things to do in Vegas. You can't really say you have been to Vegas without stopping by here just to enjoy their simple and tasty pizza. It definitely hits the spot late at night, if you don't come with a super full stomach.
They are open super late. So if you need a snack after clubbing or spending the night at the tables, then this is the place to be! Especially if the "house" has cleaned you out and you are on your last chip, then you really need to come here to boost your morale so you can go back to the tables and turn lady luck around! Oh wait, did I just endorse gambling?? lol You bet your bottom dollar I did!


One young woman lives in a world of magic and monsters, the other in modern day America. Every night they dream of each other's lives.
80 backers pledged $2,115 to help bring this project to life.
At the same time in a ruin-strewn valley, a young huntress from a tribe of plant-people spends each night dreaming of a world of cars, TV's, and high school.
Both girls think their dreams are nothing but their own fantasy, but when they each discover a mysterious cabin appearing in both places, they learn there's far more at work.
Falling Awake has been a passion project for creator Carl Mefferd, who has crafted every word and panel in the book. It will be an 88 page graphic novel with a full color cover and black and white interior.
We are looking to the Kickstarter community to raise money for book's the printing costs.
All kickstarters run the risk of delays, but we will make sure to be transparent about any problems that may arise.
We are committed to following through on all rewards and producing the best book possible.


text:
Ростовский переулок () — исчезнувший переулок в Подольском районе города Киева, местности Кинь-Грусть, посёлок Шевченко. Пролегал от улицы Сошенко до Пуща-Водицкого переулка.

История
Возник в середине XX века, назывался 892-а Новая улица. Название Ростовский переулок получил в 1950-х годах. Ликвидирован в 1980-х годах, фактически присоединен к Ростовской улице, ныне — переулок без названия.

Литература

Переулки Киева

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Home Page » Forum index » The Archives » Archived Book Discussion Forums » Archived Book Discussions 2016-2017 » God: The Most Unpleasant Character in All Fiction - by Dan Barker, foreword by Richard Dawkins
Ch. 3: Unjust Tweet This Topic
[ 10 posts ] • Topic evaluate:
Ch. 3: Unjust
Please use this thread to discuss Ch. 3: Unjust.
Re: Ch. 3: Unjust
3. Unjust
The episode of the man killed for touching the ark of the covenant is here described as a fictional story designed to instill fear, as a method for elites to instill compliance, enthralling by majesty. This is all sound analysis. My favourite story about the ark of the covenant is Graham Hancock's book The Sign and the Seal, in which he argues the ark was real, and was secretly taken by the Jews first to Elephant Island in southern Egypt and then to Ethiopia where it remains to this day hidden for safe keeping. This is all rather like the legends about Jesus and Mary Magdalene founding the Merovingian Dynasty in France, lovely but fanciful.
Barker then expresses what he considers to be a universal principle of justice, that it is wrong to punish someone for something they did not do. While that appears reasonable for human legal systems, it is actually quite stupid in terms of any reasonable theory about God.
But Barker is not interested in reasonable theories, he only wants to tear down the straw man of literal faith. One good example that illustrates how people are routinely punished for the crimes/sins of others is foetal alcohol syndrome. In no way is the foetus guilty of the mother's drinking, but it is an inexorable causal fact that the baby suffers as a result. So this fond hope of a Nice God who will punish the guilty and help the innocent is unfortunately not related to reality or to the God of the Bible. It seems Barker wants to indict God for failing to perform miracles that would break the laws of physics, which in moral terms mean the laws of karma.
One example of why Barker is so affronted by divine injustice is Ezekiel's claim that one bad deed can wipe out the memory of a lifetime of goodness. This looks to me like a sound piece of cautionary prophetic wisdom from Ezekiel. We often hear stories of people who became notorious for one bad deed that was allegedly out of character. But Barker thinks that is unfair. Maybe life often is unfair. But so what? That is reality.
The Bible claims to be about moral reality, and Barker's observation that life is often unfair fails to dent this claim. He wants to have it both ways, rejecting God for not doing miracles and then implying a better God would be one who could do miracles.
It is really pointless from an atheist perspective to engage with literal faith, since the only real meaning of faith is symbolic, and claims of literalism are mainly a way of reinforcing moral teachings to an illiterate audience. Until Dawkins and Barker discuss the possible cultural meaning of the absurd literal ideas in the Bible their critique is rather empty. Atheist analysis of religion often looks like an elaborate exercise in shadowboxing, aiming to denigrate faith by finding the simplest caricature and showing it is not literally true.
Even if many people consciously believe their myths, what is really needed here is psychological analysis of why those myths provide comfort and vision. The truth is secondary, given that the ethics of science have no practical replacement for the role of religion in building community and instilling social values.
Reads Naked
Location: Cincinnati, OH
A major problem with this - recognizing you don't live in America - is the majority of Americans are illiterate in the way you mention. As a result, religious publishing and broadcast companies are controlled by Bible literalists/fundamentalists. That's the only brand the vast majority of Americans hear about and will tolerate. So we may get tired of "absurd literal ideas in the Bible", but that dominates faith in America.
Perhaps a few short videos will give you a flavor for religious discourse in America. Here's a guy who passes himself off as an expert historian arguing a vaccine for AIDS will never be found because of a particular verse in the Bible. Relating to the current chapter in the book, how's that for justice?
http://www.rightwingwatch.org/post/davi ... sexuality/
Jim Bakker ran a huge religious television network a while back and eventually had a sex scandal and went to jail for fraud, but he's still on the air! Here he claims Obama sounds like a rep for the anti-Christ. Obama also caused Hurricane Matthew - a Gospel is striking back!
http://www.rightwingwatch.org/post/jim- ... ntichrist/
http://www.rightwingwatch.org/post/jim- ... -on-obama/
Perhaps those short clips will help you understand why religious leaders in America will NEVER "discuss the possible cultural meaning of the absurd literal ideas in the Bible."
...aiming to denigrate faith by finding the simplest caricature and showing it is not literally true.
This has been stated before, but the person making the claim never comes out and clarifies what sort of religious groups do not have this problem, which ones should be discussed as examples of a more complicated or nuanced philosophy? And if they're a tiny minority, how relevant would that be?
But if there is serious injury, you are to take life for life, eye for eye, tooth for tooth, hand for hand, foot for foot, burn for burn, wound for wound, bruise for bruise.
Exodus 21: 23 - 25
The truth is secondary, given that the ethics of science have no practical replacement for the role of religion in building community and instilling social values.
Secular institutions built communities and social values in America. The U.S. Constitution is a secular document. Our legal system is secular. Our systems are opposed to many of the Ten Commandments - we have freedom of religion, there are no legal requirements to honor a sabbath or one's parents, adultery is not illegal, coveting is good because it leads to increased sales, etc...
LanDroid wrote:
we may get tired of "absurd literal ideas in the Bible", but that dominates faith in America.
Hi LanDroid, I think you missed my point. Barker (and Dawkins) imply that by proving absurdity wrong, the necessary conclusion is that we should entirely abandon religion. That is an absurd implication, but it is central to the arguments of atheism. What I am saying is that the replacement for absurd religion is not the equal opposite atheist absurdity that man can live by bread alone, but rather a recognition that within the absurdity of religious faith there exists an adaptive memeplex that can be engaged by rational people to enable human evolution.
religious leaders in America will NEVER "discuss the possible cultural meaning of the absurd literal ideas in the Bible."
So what? These intransigent religious leaders you mention are damned by their insanity. Serious discussion can only engage people who are open to truth, which does not include religious leaders in America, who are a pack of delusional ideological political hypocrites.
what sort of religious groups do not have this problem, which ones should be discussed as examples of a more complicated or nuanced philosophy?
My sense is that the ability to hold a sensible conversation about religion is an extremely rare thing, since it is such a complex emotional topic. But that does not imply we should not try to find such conversation. I personally quite like the reformed theologians of Germany from the mid twentieth century such as Barth and Brunner as examples of a more nuanced theology, but I think we are on the cusp of a major revolution in theology based on the importance of the central fact that Jesus Christ was invented and did not exist, something that completely blows apart the tradition of literal faith.
And if they're a tiny minority, how relevant would that be?
Only tiny minorities have ever created serious reforms.
Secular institutions built communities and social values in America.
The USA is the most religious country in the western world. These secular institutions that you mention were infused by an assumption of a central place of religion in civil society, while maintaining a deliberate Jeffersonian wall between church and state. I think that a big factor in the polarisation and decline of civil society in America is precisely this problem of the derision towards religion, which religion brings upon itself by holding absurd beliefs. I also think that in days of yore sensible people were able to recognise the symbolic meaning in religion without getting so huffy about literal errors.
The U.S. Constitution is a secular document. Our legal system is secular. Our systems are opposed to many of the Ten Commandments - we have freedom of religion, there are no legal requirements to honor a sabbath or one's parents, adultery is not illegal, coveting is good because it leads to increased sales, etc...
The inference there seems to be that salvation can come from the abandonment of all faith. That seems a treacherous path. The city upon a hill is a phrase from Jesus Christ in the sermon on the mount. It entered the American lexicon through the 1630 sermon "A Model of Christian Charity" by Puritan John Winthrop. The new community would be "as a city upon a hill", watched by the world—which became the ideal that the New England colonists placed upon their hilly capital city of Boston. The Puritans' community in New England would set an example of communal charity, affection, and unity to the world or, if the Puritans failed to uphold their covenant of God, "we shall be made a story and a by-word through the world" of God's judgment. Winthrop's sermon gave rise to the widespread belief that the United States of America is "God's country" because, metaphorically, it is a "Shining City upon a Hill," an early example of American exceptionalism.
Societies, like all complex systems, are sensitive to initial conditions, as a basic law of complex chaotic evolution. The initial conditions of the USA are intensely religious, and this Bostonian vision remains part of the country's genetic constitution.
Last edited by Robert Tulip on Thu Oct 20, 2016 3:35 pm, edited 2 times in total.
That's a good discussion. I currently don't have the energy to address all these, but I will pick on one.
Mr. Tulip wrote:
That's taking it too far. Counteracting literal stupidity in Christianity or Judaism doesn't mean "we should entirely abandon religion." We might abandon those two due to the rickety foundations they're built on, but that would say nothing about Hinduism, the Vague Generic Deity, or Zoroastrianism to name a few...
The implication that a secular world view is living by bread alone is absurd. Perhaps you should read The Varieties of Scientific Experience by Sagan. We can leave behind savage bronze age myths and instead marvel at the Universe.
Counteracting literal stupidity in Christianity or Judaism doesn't mean "we should entirely abandon religion."
I think though, that the effort to abandon religion provides the tenor of the new atheism, which is the school of thought Barker advocates for in this book. The argument, as I understand it, is that theology is an obsolete method of thought and learning, which is completely and adequately replaced by modern scientific rationality. Therefore, in the New Atheist view, religious ritual should be abandoned as a harmful practice, serving only to inculcate false belief.
The point of Barker's trawling of the Bible is mockery and derision of religion, serving as a commissioned addendum to The God Delusion by Richard Dawkins, justifying the assertion that God is the most unpleasant character in all fiction. I do not see any suggestion by either Barker or Dawkins that there might be ways to improve religion by reforming it. Instead, their focus is on building a completely different way of viewing the world, through the scientific world view, that will completely displace all religion.
We might abandon those two [Judaism and Christianity] due to the rickety foundations they're built on, but that would say nothing about Hinduism, the Vague Generic Deity, or Zoroastrianism to name a few...
My view is that this atheist mentality that sees Judeo-Christian culture as evil and primitive involves a major misunderstanding. Judeo-Christian culture is the foundation of western civilization. Its foundations are indeed flawed and rickety, but the solution here is repair, not demolition. The great thing about the Judeo-Christian tradition is its evolution at the centre of human existence, drawing from a whole range of influences such as those you mention from India, Persia and Europe. There is certainly a strong problem of error within the monotheist traditions, but my view is that these errors arise from misinterpretation, and are not what you might call congenital. It is quite untrue to suggest to abandon Christianity "would say nothing" about other non-Western religions. It would say a lot about our attitude to spirituality, mythology, ritual, worship, reverence, tradition, authority, and numerous other social and identity factors that relate to religion.
For a start, and sorry for the minor pedantry here, but the Bronze Age ended in 1000 BC, and the books of the Old Testament were not compiled until half a millennium later, well into the Iron Age. Such sloppy denigration is indicative of how atheism regards religious scholarship with disdain.
"Live by bread alone" is one of those sayings of Jesus that are well known to everyone who is strongly familiar with Christianity, but which recede into an unknown when people lose contact with the Bible. It reminds me of JM Keynes' comment that men of action form their values from old philosophy without knowing the sources of their ideas. The "bread alone" metaphor has a broader meaning about materialism and spirituality. It is a genuine question to what extent a secular worldview involves abandoning spirituality. Yes there is often a vague culture of marvelling within secularity, but it lacks the capacity for systematic analysis of what such marvelling means that can be obtained from a respectful dialogue with theology. Unfortunately part of the problem is that much theology has no respect for science, and that is at the basis of the savage reaction from people who see the ethical power of scientific truth as fundamental to engaging with reality.
The point of Barker's trawling of the Bible is mockery and derision of religion, serving as a commissioned addendum to The God Delusion by Richard Dawkins, justifying the assertion that God is the most unpleasant character in all fiction.
This reminds me of Donald Trump complaining about media bias against him. "They show every speech I give live and report verbatim on everything I say and do. I've had astonishing amounts of free media publicity. It's so biased and - I can tell you - it is terrible." <=paraphrasing. Similarly, Barker quotes directly from Scripture. To complain about "mockery and derision" you'd have to explain how this former preacher misunderstands each passage. Otherwise mockery and derision (plus outright denunciation) for Holy Scripture like the following quote from this chapter is well deserved.
The people of Samaria must bear their guilt, because they have rebelled against their God. They will fall by the sword; their little ones will be dashed to the ground, their pregnant women ripped open.
Hosea 13:16
Judeo-Christian culture is the foundation of western civilization. Its foundations are indeed flawed and rickety, but the solution here is repair, not demolition.
Excellent point. Potentially. The problem is religion is highly resistant to "repair." I'd say it has indeed improved, but mainly because secular laws have largely prevented religion from regaining government power in America and UK. All religious programming we hear is fundamentalist, hostile to repair, and aching for more power in government.
If I understand it correctly, your "repair" involves proof and agreement that Jesus did not exist. Somehow that would lead to a symbolic understanding of Christianity rather than a literal one. I don't want to get distracted by your beliefs here other than it's very difficult to see how a general agreement that Jesus didn't exist would not lead to the "demolition" of that faith. Your efforts could be more destructive than those of secularists?
OK perhaps I should have said "ancient age" instead of bronze, big deal. This is the sort of nit-picky stuff that I don't have much energy for these days, but I'm finding the bronze age existed from about 2500 - 700 BCE and parts of the Old Testament may have been written as early as 1000 BCE so your point is not clear cut...
The following user would like to thank LanDroid for this post:
This reminds me of Donald Trump complaining about media bias against him.
Hi LanDroid. I appreciate the comparison, but it is easily refuted. The Bible contains lines like 'love your neighbour as yourself' and the main idea from Jesus Christ in his Sermon on the Mount is that the blessing of God is upon the meek, mourners, peacemakers, the pure, the poor in spirit, the merciful and the persecuted. The existence of views in the Old Testament which argue that unbelievers are damned does not invalidate the positive ethics within Christianity. Jesus goes on to explain that he is bringing a new system of ethics that supersedes these old fashioned ideas which Barker mocks. Barker is taking a highly biased reading of the Bible and suggesting it is objective. That is not good scholarship.
"They show every speech I give live and report verbatim on everything I say and do. I've had astonishing amounts of free media publicity. It's so biased and - I can tell you - it is terrible."
If only Barker did the same!! Instead he quote-mines for a few lines which support his extreme prejudice and ignores the vast quantity of scripture that refutes his view, while also ignoring any attempt to place the morality of the ancient Jews in historical context.
Similarly, Barker quotes directly from Scripture. To complain about "mockery and derision" you'd have to explain how this former preacher misunderstands each passage. Otherwise mockery and derision (plus outright denunciation) for Holy Scripture like the following quote from this chapter is well deserved.
It is not similar. Trump's critics do, as you say, "show every speech" and form a rounded systematic view of Trump. But Barker has such a big chip on his shoulder that he is motivated to present a highly distorted picture of Christianity, even ignoring its central main teachings. As he later explains this is due to his Native American ancestry and his realization of how Christianity destroyed native theology and myths and culture. That opens a reasonable debate, but Barker is an extremist, and the value of his work is in pushing the centre of debate away from fundamentalism, not providing a balanced view.
Well said. But I think that in assessing Christianity, treating American Fundamentalism as typical is wrong. It is interesting in reading Uncle Tom's Cabin at the moment (Booktalk's fiction selection) to see how Fundamentalism served to justify slavery. I think that traumatic distortion remains a serious problem in American Christianity today. Fundamentalism is a heresy.
Many thanks for making this observation LanDroid. Yes indeed, my view is that literal orthodox Christianity is a fallen corruption from an original symbolic Gnostic faith, and that the recognition that Jesus Christ was a fictional invention is central to the rehabilitation of Christianity. I argue that my view is purely scientific and correct, and is entirely able to demolish the old paradigm of supernatural tradition, while restoring its superb ethical inner meaning.
Last edited by Robert Tulip on Sun Oct 30, 2016 5:28 am, edited 1 time in total.
Well I know you don't like it, but up until the last chapter this book is limited to the Old Testament. That scripture is historically critical, stands on its own, and is regarded as Holy by Jews and Christians, so discussing it in isolation is entirely proper.
You've mentioned context several times, but as I've also stated before there is no conceivable context that would justify the war crimes described in the passage from Hosea in my previous post (as just one example).
Fundamentalism is a heresy.
That could work if it actually catches on...