Ask fellow campers about "Devil's Lake State Park" and nearby attractions.
We didn't find this state park appealing. There are no trails. It might be of interest to people who do water activities. In April we couldn't even walk to the lake because the path was flooded. Many sites were flooded and close to each other. We came without reservations to stay 1 night. We picked one in loop A. The restroom building in this loop was closed. Both the entry and exit for the loop were flooded. It was fine driving in and out, but not for walking through. The following hookup sites look decent for space and privacy: A4, A6, A14, A20, B16, B18, B30. We camped at Devil's Lake State Park in a Motorhome.
I stay at this site quite a bit early and/or late in the season because it's easy to get to and not that far from Portland in case of bad weather. It's also a great campground though. The lower sites are often closed early in the season due to flooding but this site sits up high. Sites are always clean, restrooms the same. Hwy 101 isn't far away but the speed limit is 30 so it's not noisy except for the occasional emergency vehicle. We camped at Devil's Lake State Park in a Travel Trailer.
The park sits on the east side of Hwy 101, but it's an easy walk out to the coast at D-River, or into town either one. Within a long walk or short drive there's tons to do at the Casino at the north end or factory outlet stores at what I call the South end of North Lincoln City. The town stretches for a number of miles down the coast beyond that. It's not a wilderness park to be sure, but it's a treed State Park like many of them and a real gem basically in the city. Also cable tv available at many sites, not sure about all of them or not. Satellite is possible at a few sites as I've seen the dishes up, but most sites are not open to the sky well enough.
This is a good campground in a convenient location. It is also fairly sheltered from the wind. It also has issues: There are probably only about 20 sites suitable for a larger RV. The roads are narrow. Sites are close together for a state park. The soil doesn't drain well and even a light rain will leave your campsite with standing water. The campground in right in town which is good and bad. The good is that there are lots of nearby activities, such as the beach, the lake, a couple golf courses, a casino, shopping and restaurants. The bad is that traffic noise is always there. It can mostly be ignored except for emergency service sirens many times a day and night. All that said, I still recommend this campground and we've stayed here many times. We camped at Devil's Lake State Park in a Fifth Wheel.
Two golf courses, a casino, lots of shopping and restaurants, the beach, a lake, etc all within 10 minutes.
First Oregon State Park I've ever given a poor review. First, every site in our row was flooded when we arrived. Had to park askew to be able to get in & out of the trailer &/or the truck. Ranger actually came & gave my traveling partner grief about parking on the grass when his site driveway was 4" deep. Typical Oregon rest room set up & bath room was fine, but the shower (the 1 of 3 that worked) was a pig pen. Yes, some of that was because of the weather, but the shower head was wrapped in electrical tape, no pressure & lukewarm water. Also garbage from previous users laying around. Much as I like Ore SP's, this one is a never again for us. We camped at Devil's Lake State Park in a Travel Trailer.
If you love clam chowder, go to the Sea Hag in Depot Bay, not Mo's in Lincoln City or elsewhere. The 3 people I traveled with had chowder in 4 different restaurants & the Hag's was unanimously the best. Also try the monster apple fritter at the carmel corn shop at the light in Depoe Bay. Wow!
I stayed her over the weekend, just after a series of storms. Half of the RV sited were flooded at the time but it appeared the camp was in good condition. I would say that if you are staying on the west side of the campground, be prepared for traffic noise. HWY 101 is less than a block from the this side of the campground. In spite of this, this was a great campground while in Lincoln City. Camp host was responsive and helpful. We camped at Devil's Lake State Park in a Travel Trailer.
Weekend farmer's market at the community center exactly next to the campground. Easy walk there and close to the outlet stores in town.
It's been raining for days, so many of the spaces were flooded out, but most looked fairly level. I bet they have a mosquito problem in summer because the drainage was so bad. Hosts were friendly, staff was helpful. We camped at Devil's Lake State Park in a Motorhome.
The sites in b loop are sinking. Although we had a long site for our 36 ft RV, we could not back all the way in or we would not have been level. We have 4 sets of blocks that we tried to use to level. Therefore, our tow car did not fit and the park ranger wanted to charge us $7 a day to park! We were there a week. Parked our car in our friends spot. Otherwise it is a nice state park with a lake and in town. We camped at Devil's Lake State Park in a Motorhome.
Great lake for kayaking or fishing.
This is a great location to Lincoln City, as it's right off Hwy 101. We have a 40 ft RV and I chose a 45 foot space. It was definitely long enough but the street it's on was so narrow that it made backing into the site extremely difficult, with a tree and rocks directly across from the site. So although it looked good on paper, it really wasn't. The services for the park were good and we were surprised they offered cable service. Pricing was good. Lot of trees and paved roadways. Verizon cell and air card worked well here. The location was the best part for easy access to Lincoln City. We camped at Devil's Lake State Park in a Motorhome.
There are 2 entrances to this park. One is day use and one is the campground. Our GPS wanted to take us to the day use, but I knew we needed to use the address 1452 NE 6TH DR LINCOLN CITY OR to get to the campground. Also once the campground was paid for you could use the day use area at no extra charge, which was nice.
We stayed here 3 nights and paid an additional one time fee of $8 for using the on-line reservation service. With full hook-ups; cable; picnic table; paved/level coach site; fire ring and spacious, private sites...this is a bargain and then some. Thank you OR State! The bad part of our stay was that it rained the whole time so we were very happy about the cable. They do a good job at recycling and even have trash compactors for garbage. Lincoln City and beach access are walking distance from the park. Was so impressed that they charge only $6/night for hikers and/or cyclists. So welcoming to all who want to enjoy the beautify of the OR coast. We camped at Devil's Lake State Park in a Motorhome.
Cable TV at some sites. Short walk to dock where a family was easily catching fish. Lots of blue-green algae particles and a warning about pets drinking and swimming in lake. Still a very nice park as are all of Oregon's State Parks. Pleasant, helpful people at check-in booth. Stayed here with my pet. My space was level and this is my second visit. We camped at Devil's Lake State Park in a Motorhome.
Love this spot, walking distance to the ocean and town, yet very secluded with nature trails. Plenty of shade and privacy between sites. We'll return! We camped at Devil's Lake State Park in a Motorhome.
Had a great time at this park, very clean and quiet. not far to the beach and lake. Very friendly staff and I would recommend this park to anyone. We camped at Devil's Lake State Park in a Motorhome.
Pretty park but didn't see any pull-through sites. No Wi-Fi. Not sure about the TV hookup. Very shady. Lake within walking distance. Very rural feeling for being in a city the size of Lincoln City. Great price! We camped at Devil's Lake State Park in a Motorhome.
We stayed for 3 nights in this park and it was a pleasure. Nice, tiled restrooms - and they were clean! The sites are paved but somewhat narrow. With a slide out you have to watch the power pedestal and the pavement. Off the pavement on one side and you are not going to be level. The hookups worked fine and Virgin mobile worked to our satisfaction too. Some sites are too short for bigger RV's. We had to search a bit for a spot for our 35' 5th-wheel, however no problem for getting in and out. Short walk to lake and info center and even into downtown and the waterfront. We will definitely stay here again next time we are around. We camped at Devil's Lake State Park in a Fifth Wheel.
Great value. Great location. Short walk to lake (and boat dock). Short walk to information center. Paved sites. Showers were hot and nice. FCFS - can only book for one night at a time. Reservations are accepted. Most sites were level and large enough for slides. Full hook ups - $23. Recycling available. Big rigs will find it tight and only a few sites will be suitable. The tow vehicle would not likely fit into the site with a big rig. Our car would not fit (we have a 34 ft Class A). We could not back into some of the large enough sites because of trees and a narrow access road. We camped at Devil's Lake State Park in a Motorhome.
Are you affiliated with Devil's Lake State Park ?


These is a great bakers rack. If you would like to order this bakers rack today but you are worried about price will be reduced. We recommend that you should check number in stock and think, If you would like to own this bakers rack and you can buy it now What are you waiting? When you buy some products. you will be eligible for free shipping. Please do not forget to choose free shipping However it could make you receive the goods 2 - 5 days. But if you buy the bakers rack and lucky to get right to free shipping. I think you should choose the free shipping. It will give you bought this bakers rack by use not more money. So you are left money to order the other products in the future.


Last week, the James Beard Foundation Awards – dubbed the "Oscars of the food world" by Time magazine – named Serious Eats the Best Food Blog of 2010. CHOW won for Best Website Focusing on Food, Beverage, Restaurants, or Nutrition.
Here are some other great foodie websites that didn't make the cut (besides Eat.Drink.Better, of course!). Categories include Best Vegan Recipes, Best Seasonal Recipes, Best Wine Blog, and more.
The Post Punk Kitchen (theppk.com): I'm not vegan, but this site is one of my favorite sources for new recipes. Whether you're looking for vegan comfort food, trying to replicate that fancy dish you had at a vegetarian restaurant, or simply want to learn how to bake dairy-free, this site always delivers.
SAVEUR.com: It's easy to get overwhelmed by the gazillions of food blogs out there. SAVEUR.com does the work for you. The website version of the magazine highlights the best recipes of the blogosphere. The site's recipe collections always have a seasonal emphasis, so you can easily browse 20 Spring Pastas or 16 Winter Vegetable Recipes. This is my go-to site for dinner ideas, no matter what the season.
Smitten Kitchen (smittenkitchen.com): Deb is a farmers-market devotee, so she's always posting wonderful seasonal recipes, like this Spring Panzanella. The site is extremely organized and search-friendly, allowing you to find that perfect recipe for your bounty of radishes in the spring or surplus of butternut squash in the fall. Plus the photos are gorgeous.
Hunter Angler Gardener Cook (honest-food.net): This website was nominated for the Best Blog category by the James Beard Foundation, but I thought it was worth mentioning again. If you're into wild foods like venison or morels, this is your site. As an avid forager, I'm kind of obsessed with it.
The Atlantic Food Channel (www.theatlantic.com/food): This site is a must-read for learning about the latest news in the world of food. Posts are written by influential foodies, from famous farmers to rock-star chefs to expert nutritionists. Plus it's a great source for recipes.
Civil Eats (civileats.com): This website is usually the first to call attention to political issues surrounding food. It's also often the first to propose solutions to food-related problems.
Good Wine Under $20 (goodwineunder20.blogspot.com): Because who doesn't like tasty, affordable wine?
Do you have a favorite food site not listed here? Share it as a comment!
Image courtesy of professor evil via a Creative Commons license.
I love the PPK! Great picks.


text:
Home Environment Fifteen Times Chernobyl – Time bomb Ticking In The Middle Of Europe
Planet News
Fifteen Times Chernobyl – Time bomb Ticking In The Middle Of Europe
Ukraine currently operates four nuclear power plants with a total of 15 reactors. Rivne power plant has four reactors. But only 7 are in operation at any one time – this says a lot about the condition of the old structures.
And as if that were not enough, the Ukrainian government is also using fuel rods from the USA that are not really suitable with the Ukrainian reactors.
In the middle of Europe, a time bomb is ticking – 15 in all. The situation around the nuclear power plants in Ukraine can not be described otherwise. Ukraine can not afford to switch it off because it now covers more than half of its electricity needs – alternatives would be simply too expensive for the country's crumbling economy.
The Ukraine does not seem to be so serious about the nuclear power problem: The Ukrainian government even wants to open the radioactive Chernobyl to visitors.
However, the Ukraine must not be using them - especially not with fuel rods from the US-company Westinghouse, for which those reactors are not built for.
Nuclear Plant Fire in April 2019
In April 2019 a fire broke out at a nuclear power plant, leading to the shutdown of one of the reactors. However Ukrainian officials said that radiation levels remained safe.
The fire, which was extinguished within an hour, began at the Rivne nuclear power station in western Ukraine, around 300 kilometres (190 miles) from the capital Kiev.
Footage showed smoke billowing into the sky above Rivne power plant in the ex-Soviet republic
The level of seriousness of the incident on the international scale for emergencies at nuclear stations is zero, the Ukrainian nuclear agency said in a statement.
Ukraine was the scene of the world's worst nuclear disaster when one of the reactors at Chernobyl power station, which is about 100 kilometres (60 miles) north of Kiev, exploded in 1986 during testing.
Political Debates About Nuclear Energy
The Ukrainian nuclear program started in the 1970s with the construction of four reactors in Chernobyl. From the 1980s onwards, a massive expansion of the nuclear power plant and four refueling standards ensued, creating fast-moving, six-dimensional pressure washer-actuators. In 1986, there appeared to be world-wide dramatic Nuclear desaster in Block 4 in Chernobyl. However, now more than 30 years later – a sarcophagus out of steel and concrete on the reeded reactor block – is built.
A vast new tomb for the most dangerous waste in the world. Chernobyl's new sarcophagus …
The last Chernobyl reactor, used by the government as a negotiating tool for international financial programs, was finally closed in 2000.
Previous articleDogs Know If You Are A Horrible Human, AND They Judge You For It: Study
Next articleCosta Rica Says Goodbye To Plastics & CO2 Emissions – Will Be First Completely Green Nation In The World
An Ocean Full of Deserts: And They're Expanding Rapidly
Are The Australian Wildfires Somehow Related To The Proposed Railway?
Electrical Currents Mysteriously "Started Flowing" Through Norway's Soil
Fake Bush-Fire Maps Of Australia: Which One Is Real?
Second Evacuation Complete After Thousands Seek Refuge on Beach as As Australian Wildfires Rage
All right reserved © captain-planet.net
"};var s=jQuery("link#td-theme-css");if(s.length){s.after(a)}}})}})();

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


To check if a Object has an Attribute in Python you can use the snippet below.
if hasattr(myObject, 'myAttributeName'): # myObject.myAttributeName exists.
To split a String to List in Python, simply use the split() function.
To use String.Contains in Python you can use the IN operator.
testString = "Hello World 2015"
To convert string to Int or Float in Python you can use the following snippet.


text:
Michigan State Police may soon be first in U.S. to use aerial drones
Michigan Radio | By Stateside Staff
Published February 4, 2015 at 5:54 PM EST
user Tretch5000
The Michigan State Police could soon blaze new ground in law enforcement.
They're on track to become the first police force in the country to be allowed to use an aerial drone just about anywhere in the state.
Chad Livengood of the Detroit News Lansing Bureau said these drones – remote-controlled miniature helicopters – would be used primarily at the scenes of road accidents. They would fly above the sight of a crash to take hundreds of pictures in order to recreate the scene for police officers.
Without these drones, police officers take photos and investigate the scene of an accident from the ground, an ordeal that takes a while.
"That's just a very time consuming endeavor in any two- or three-car crash on the highway, when the highway's backed up for four or five hours, it's purely because the investigation is going on," Livengood said.
Drones, however, could reduce investigation time significantly. He said Ontario's provincial police have used drones and have seen cars begin moving within 20 minutes. Without the drones, he said, dissipating the crash scene would have taken around three hours.
While these drones would primarily be used for traffic accident scenes, search and rescue missions could also benefit from them.
"It's something the state police thinks could change their accident scene response and change the way they do law enforcement at the scene of an accident," Livengood said.
To hear more, listen to our conversation with Livengood above.
Criminal Justice & Legal System Statesidedronestraffic control
Stateside is produced daily by a dedicated group of producers and production assistants. Listen daily, on-air, at 3 and 9 p.m., or subscribe to the daily podcast wherever you like to listen.
See stories by Stateside Staff


The company was founded by Oscar Kjellberg. In 1904 he pioneered the development of manual metal arc welding electrodes in Gothenburg, Sweden. The company sells equipment used in welding and cutting.
Other notable CEO was Lars Westerberg who ran ESAB for three years.
The ESAB group was acquired by Colfax Corporation on 13 January 2012.
Following the purchase, the CEO of Colfax, Clay Kiefaber, stepped down to the president role of ESAB and was replaced by Steve Simms.
The ESAB group acquired the Welding Wire business of Sandvik effective February 1, 2018. The acquisition included production units in Scranton, PA, and Sandviken, Sweden; the technical sales and product management organization; as well as multiyear strategic collaboration on R&D for future product developments.


When we decided to make "Pura Vida / The Ridge" we didn't imagine that it would become the most-watched Spanish documentary film that year. neither the international tour that achieved. Even less that it would be shown in theaters in Japan or broadcast on Russian television, among many others.
On the project's website you can find out what kind of things do, "Pura Vida / The Ridge" perfectly represents who we are, what we like to do and what kind of stories we like to tell.


text:
No. 26 AUG 4 We have poster (as you'll know if you read the email update_
We've been asked for five or six years when we're going to get more of our David Lance Goines poster, and the answer's a few days ago. Today Will is posting about it in an email update, too. It's on the site and all-orderable.
Apparently it is a challenging poster to make, and we tried for four years to get a replacement, no dice or luck. He couldn't get his new (1950s) letterpress machine to work like the old one. It was fine for easier posters, but he couldn't get the result for this 14-color bad boy.
Until a month or so ago. I was resolved to give up, but he called me last Thursday and said "Guess what?"
David Lance Goines posters on eBay usually sell for $50 or more, and ours has one of our bicycle on it, and Keven's oldest son. I'm going to get three more.
Rivendell is a blip, not an explosion and not a bad blip. Our survival isn't assured, but we're here now and developing things for the future that nobody else will make, because the market isn't begging for them. If "the market" wants it, other people are already making it, and we probably won't be s source. Things like derailers, OK, and cables. But certain kinds of bike frames, complete bikes, and bike bags that don't sell in the mainstream are what we do best. It is either a good business model or a horrible one.
I have only now and then a fear of folding, failing. There are things we can't fight, and there is a kind of way we do with bikes, and it's not an homage to the past or speculating on the future. It works now and period, no matter what else works better commercially, and it's the only way I like to do with bikes and about them.
Decades ago there was an expression among bike makers: The best bike is the one that sells. I always thought that was stupid. I think lots of people would like to see us make a lugged bike with disc brakes, but it doesn't work that way, you can't do it that way. No deerstalker hats / disc brakes combos here.
I wonder whether in a hundred years any bike we've made will be notable. Wondering isn't proof of caring, and I've wondered only twice, and once is now. I do want our bikes to be in use in 50 or 60 years, not coveted or restored to period correctness and stored someplace. If they have juul-sized motors tucked inside the thing that by then is a seat post, that's OK. I want people to be comfortable on our bikes, and to like the way they respond to the road, the wind, and their own input, and I want somebody to see a detail on them and think it's unnecessarily nice. I saw some 50-year old bikes in Sweden and saw some fork crowns that made me feel that way, and I thought, "That's what I want." Post-death approval from a minority of one, plus daughters.
I've never liked bikes as much as I do now. I can't like them any more than I do, and I think I lead the world in that one way. It's the proportions and mechanics and the efficiency, the way they roll and places they can take you and your load of stuff so easily; and when it's hard you get healthier faster.
Anyway, here's the poster.
https://www.goines.net/Poster_art9/poster_230.html
Here's an old one framed and matted expensively:
and here's the new one lying on a stump:
According to David Lance Goines, there are fourteen colors in it. I can't find two of them.
The boy is Milo, Keven-who-used-to-work-here's son, when he was about 2.5. He came by and did exactly that. One person pointed out what seemed to be fakery--his shoe beneath the tire. Nope. The bike was on a double kickstand and the front wheel cleared the floor. Milo was spinning it. DLG took 250 photos and said only one was right or the poster. Milo is 9+ right now. I wonder what he'll think about this when he's 30. At what point will he think it's kind of neat?
People collect David Lance Goines posters. Here are some:
https://www.google.com/search?q=david+lance+goines&safe=active&rlz=1C5CHFA_enUS698US698&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwioiKiuxPnjAhULiVQKHee7DSYQ_AUIEigC&biw=1393&bih=706#imgrc=ahQRq_-jjyYKOM:
Race? I read this the Times today.
https://www.nytimes.com/2019/08/09/arts/music/sho-madjozi.html
I think her original name is something else, because here she is:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jlssG718dDQ
Here's a vid of 1953 Big Old Race Around France (BORAF)
https://mail.google.com/mail/u/0/#inbox/FMfcgxwDqfHkvdgCKJxWdZwHpxZdxMQb?projector=1
(the only English is at 35:10, when the announced describes a rider as a "tough dude.")
I never saw Evita, but I managed to get the earworm, and maybe this will get it out of me.
The NITTO Mod. S-83 "Frog" seat post is as good as any seat post ever made, and if you must actually know the truth in opinion form, it is my opinion that it is the BEST ever made. Even so, we've had 5 of you break its bolts. One of you broke three, but I don't know that the triple crown winner reads this.
No matter how good something is, how thoroughly quality-controlled, tested, overbuilt and all of that something is, it is no match for user error. That one broke three suggest user error, I think.
The posts come with torque specs. Nobody and his or her uncle has a torque wrench. We know that. But how else can a mfr describe proper tightness? Torque specs it is! They are!
When tightening the bolts on a two-bolt post, alternate, all the while keeping an eye on the levelness of the saddle. Don't crank on the front bolt and pull down the nose, then have to ultra-crank on the rear one to try to pull it back. It seems obvious when I say it like that. It seems, to me, like I'm a jerk for saying it at all, but whatever it takes to keep the Frog post coming.
I'm almost finished...
The bolt is an M-8. A non-NITTO issue M8 socket head cap screw will work. We're not going to give away any more NITTO-issue replacements. It feels like enabling and it feels like we're acknowledging a defect. They're both lousy feelings, so we placidly opt to stop :).
This is our SILVER2 shifter (Silver two"). It has the same mechanism as the original Silver, and as far as that goes, the 1986 SunTour Sprint shifter on which that one is modeled. But this one is shaped more like the 1983 SunTour XC Thumbshifter, which was a huge advancement in shifters, but was stil smited by Shimano and Indexing soon after.
It has been a tradition here to make available, even if that means remaking at considerable cost and faint hope of profit, exemplary bicycle things from the past, not as pathetic homages, but as usemeveryday bike parts. Generally speaking, they're ways you can dig in your mechanical heels and resist the onslaught of electronics and motors, but not everybody's into it as much as we are. LOTS are, but not everybody.
Not shown above is the handlebar clamp we designed for this thumby. It's not dialed yet. The S2 shifter works as a thumby, bar-end, or downtuber--as does the original Silver. But that mold is wearing out, or so we've been told (have our doubts), so rather than pay for a new mold and risk, in fact, shifters from the original mold, we opted to do it this way. Expect commercial versions by the end of the year, or by October if you have no history with our delivery schedules.
Movie recs: Yesterday and Maiden
Both good on bigger screens.
My sister got a bilateral knee replacement, and there were complications: clots in her lung, which blood thinners have mostly dissolved, and then constant bad nausea and dizziness, which may or may not be vertigo, but is ameliorated with Ativan. Not thrilled with the hospital's level of intellectual curiosity as to the cause and cure, so I'm wondering if any of you might shove this thing along to a happy ending. PM me, grant@rivbike.com.
Hats. For at least 15 years I've on-and-off looked for a short-billed ball cap that would catch less wind (so won't fly off) and be more photo-taking compatible. We have 30 of them coming in. They're $40 each and will never be made again, because the maker is closing down after many years in New England. Nobody else can do hats like this.
Will ordered a more conventional style for us--we have 30 of those, too.
Roman ordered "his" style--a bucket cap. All from the same closing-down place, and I am so sad.
The hats ship to us today and we'll have them by next Tuesday. They'll be the most expensive hats we've sold, but they cost us more, too. I feel like boxing them all and sitting on them for 20 years. I'm just so sorry about the company. I wish I'd ordered a fourth hat in another color combo. I had it in the works, but we couldn't afford four styles at once, and I didn't know they company was closing, so I didn't. When I heard, I tried to beg it back in and felt horrible about that, like a vulture. I'm sensitive to that kind of vulturism, and there I was.
So many things are happening here. Roman is leaving. Dang. He is so good, but he's leaving for a job he'll also like BUT NOT AS MUCH! that's closer to home and may be longterm better. We will all miss him so much.
It's hard to hire a replacement. The foundation of knowledge and experience and attitude and friendliness is just too rare.
In two weeks we get in sample Susie W. Longbolt/Wolbis Slugstone frames. In a week or so we'll have the CLEM Ls. There's a new bike next June, with a new name and -- it should be good.


text:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:orientation="vertical" >

    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/textView1"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="This is the result activity opened from the notification bar.">
    </TextView>

</LinearLayout>

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Whether you are a new business, restructuring or looking to expand, we can offer to assist you with this constantly changing area of law. We keep ahead of the complexities of employment law and offer no nonsense practical advice.
We aim to reduce your costs by offering a fixed fee rate where possible. Our expertise ranges from everyday employment law problems to assisting with HR and offering in-house training.
We can also provide a FREE Employment Law Audit at your premises or at our office. Any advice that we offer is tailored to your needs and will reflect your business activities.
We offer one-off advice or can be on hand as outsourced employment support, making employment law understandable and easy to implement.
We offer a free initial chat on the same day with no obligation to proceed. We also offer a fixed fee initial meeting to discuss your issues face to face, either at our local offices or at your premises.
We will aim to keep costs down, where possible, and can offer a fixed fee (for non-contentious matters) in advance so that there are no hidden surprises.


You can read the full article about the WordPress plugins on the website of uxbooth.com.
Hi, I think guest posting is must for branding the company in front of the more visitor and earn respect from them. Hence, I want to start Guest Blogging Post in your Website but I am not quite sure how to do it. Please give guidelines for my questions i.e. how long the article and the title should be, how many hyperlinks can I use? And where send the post whether to your mail or directly to your website?
Hi Robert, thank you for considering my blog for a guestpost. You can find the guestpost guidelines on the "write for us" page. Please let me know if you have any questions.


Desk from the 60s / 70s, minimalist Danish design. The surface is veneered with a rosewood, original handles. It has 6 capacious drawers and a book shelf at the back. No key. Preserved in good condition (minor scratches and bruises) - directly for use.


The Rough Guide to Fiji explores all the best to see and do in this Pacific paradise.
Discover the aqua blue lagoons with exquisite beaches and the lush tropical rainforest with the most comprehensive guide on the market. With detailed information on all of Fiji's popular tourist islands and towns, this guide features full colour sections on diving and snorkelling Fiji's reefs, and tips for visiting traditional villages, plus 52 detailed maps, covering all regions and towns.
There are full-restaurant and accommodation listings and Fiji's best attractions, from the backpacker looking to party, to the honeymooners looking for a secluded beach.
Make the most of your time with The Rough Guide to Fiji.


text:
Jaguar follows the E-Type with the F-type - 50 years later
By Mike Hanlon
The Jaguar F-type
View 130 Images
The E-Type was a symbol of the Swinging Sixties.
The visually-disguised F-Type undergoing testing
A cavalcade of (some of) the most beautiful Jaguar sports cars
The Jaguar E-Type celebrated its 50th anniversary last year
The E-Type celebrated its 50th anniversary last year
The Jaguar XJ220
The Jaguar E-Type
A period shot of the XK120 Jaguar
http://www.gizmag.com/the-missing-link-prototype-jaguar-e2a-goes-up-for-sale/9353/
Jaguar's long history of sports cars appears set to enter a new era of production cars under the ownership of Tata.
In 1957, the Jaguar D-Type finished 1-2-3-4-6 at the Le Mans 24 Hour race
The Jaguar C-X16 concept will form the basis of the F-Type
The C-Type winning Le Mans in 1951
Ninian Sanderson and Ron Flockhart won the 1956 Le Mans 24 Hours in a D-Type
Jaguar's C-Type and D-Type
Jaguar C-Type
Jaguar D-Type
The DOHC XK6 engine which powered so many sports cars for Jaguar
In 1952, the Jaguar C-type won the Reims Grand Prix in the hands of Sir Stirling Moss Jaguar secured the first win for a disc-braked car with the C-type (XKC 005) in 1952. Sir Stirling Moss recorded the win at Reims in a sports car race supporting the French Grand Prix.
The 1952, the Reims Grand Prix victory to the Jaguar C-type was the first win for a disc-braked car - the race was a sports car race supporting the French Grand Prix.
Jaguar returned to sports car racing for a decade from 1984 to 1993, winning Le Mans (88,90), Daytona (88, 90) and the World Sportscar Championship (WSC) Group C (87,88,91) with the TWR-developed series of Jaguar XJR Sportscars sponsored primarily by Silk Cut.
The Jaguar C-X75 hybrid concept was shown at the Paris Motor Show in 2010 - it is still expected to see production in modified form
The Jaguar C-X75 hybrid concept was shown at the Paris Motor Show in 2010
The Jaguar C-X75 was named the Most Significant Concept Vehicle of 2011 in addition to receiving the Concept Car of the Year award.
The Jaguar D-Type
Jaguar C-X75 shown in Paris was a plug-in hybrid, with 778 hp driving through four electric motors. The electricity was provided by two diesel-fed micro gas turbines.
The Jaguar Xk120
1946 Jaguar C-Type
This 1953 Jaguar XK 120 Roadster sold at auction in Monterey by RM Auctions in 2009 for US$46,750. Pic courtesy of Darin Schnabel and RM Auctions
The double overhead camshaft six of a 1953 Jaguar XK 120 Roadster. Pic courtesy of Darin Schnabel and RM Auctions
This 1962 Jaguar E-Type Series I Roadster sold at auction in 2009 by RM Auctions for US$85,250. Pic courtesy of Darin Schnabel and RM Auctions
This 1952 Jaguar C-Type sold at auction in 2009 by RM Auctions for US$2,530,000. Pic courtesy of Darin Schnabel and RM Auctions
This 1955 Jaguar D-Type sold at auction in 2010 by RM Auctions for US$2,090,000. Pic courtesy of Darin Schnabel and RM Auctions
The engine of a 1955 Jaguar D-Type. Pic courtesy of Darin Schnabel and RM Auctions
The cockpit of a 1955 Jaguar D-Type. Pic courtesy of Darin Schnabel and RM Auctions
Jaguar considered deploying the name 12 years ago when it showed this concept car as the F-Type and released these images.
Jaguar used the F-Type name for this concept car in 2000.
The first picture the world saw of the 1961 Jaguar E-Type
The original Jaguar F-Type concept from 2000 was designed by the same team that developed the XJ220
The original Jaguar F-Type concept was shown in Detroit in 2000 and was a development of the XK180 Concept shown in 1998
The Jaguar F-Type concept shown in 2000 at the North American International Auto Show in Detroit - the car was intended for production but was cancelled for unknown reasons
An image from the C-X16 design process which was released by Jaguar at the time of the C-X16 showing. The C-X16 will form the basis of the F-Type.
An image from the C-X16 creation process which was released by Jaguar at the time of the C-X16 showing. The C-X16 will form the basis of the F-Type.
The Jaguar C-Type
The C-X16 will form the basis of the F-Type
Jaguar's Global Brand Director, Adrian Hallmark, announces the F-Type in New York
Jaguar's racing heritage is extensive
Sir William Lyons was a motorcycle enthusiast when he and friend William Walmsley, began building sidecars in 1922. The Swallow Sidecar Company went on to become Jaguar.
A Jaguar display at the Goodwood Festival of Speed indicates the depth of the heritage of the illustrious marque
View gallery - 130 images
In an extraordinary move, Jaguar has announced it will produce an all-new sports car to go on sale in mid-2013, named the F-Type. Announced but not exhibited at the New York International Auto Show, Jaguar has released images of the vehicle with camouflage paint.
Given the iconic status of its previously letter-designated sports cars (the C-type, D-type and E-type), and Jaguar's already stated intention that the F-type will have the soul of the legendary E-Type, it can be reasonably expected to be spectacularly good.
Jaguar's Global Brand Director, (the appropriately named) Adrian Hallmark, said in New York, "we showed the C-X16 concept in September 2011, and the reaction to it has been so positive that we've accelerated our development of an all-new Jaguar sports car."
"That car will be called the F-type, and it will be unveiled in production form later this year (2012). The core appeal of Jaguar's cars is their sporting heart, and that heart will beat stronger than ever before in the F-type."
"Its development is a vivid representation of the confidence and ambition of the Jaguar brand, and the desire amongst our engineers and design team to produce a world-leader in a market segment that we have been absent from for too long."
"But no longer – the F-type is coming."
The all-aluminum F-type will be a two-seater convertible with the focus "uncompromisingly on delivering driver reward" according to Jaguar.
The F-type will be available in a range of petrol engines, including some from a new Jaguar power-plant family, and all will "deliver stunning sports car performance".
Hallmark also noted that the F-type's development schedule had just begun final on-road testing, "with engineering prototypes now leaving Jaguar's Castle Bromwich plant – the same plant at which the production cars will be built."
Ian Callum, Director of Design, said: "A true sports car needs to be pure in both its purpose and its form; to have the opportunity to produce such a car for Jaguar has been a privilege both for myself and for my team. The C-type, D-type and E-type Jaguars were all sports cars that held true to this principle in their era, and the F-TYPE will hold true to that same principle in its time, a time that is soon to arrive."
Technical details and specifications of the F-Type have not yet been announced, but given the iconic status of its letter-designated sports cars predecessors, the C-type, D-type and E-type, the Jaguar F-type can be reasonably expected to be spectacularly good.
The C-Type Jaguar
The Jaguar C-Type was a racing version of the XK120 sports car (it is also known as the XK120-C) produced by Jaguar from 1951 to 1953, with the C standing for competition, hence there were no A-Type or B-Type Jaguars.
Its stylish, aerodynamic, aluminum body was designed by Malcolm Sayer to enclose the lightweight triangulated, tubular steel chassis and mainly XK120 mechanicals, shaving more than 1000 pounds (400 kg) from the weight, but doubling the price of the regular XK120.
Now the XK120 was an extremely fast car to begin with. When it was launched in 1948 it was the fastest production car in the world, and the 120 signified its 120 mph (193 km/h) top speed.
In 1950, Stirling Moss and Leslie Johnson averaged 107.46 mph at the banked French Autodrome de Montlhéry circuit, then in 1951 it averaged 131.83 mph at the same circuit and in 1952, it averaged 100.31 mph for a WEEK.
For the C-Type, the XK120's DOHC six was tweaked to produce 205 bhp and the combination of power, aerodynamics and superb handling saw the car win on debut at the Le Mans 24 hours race in 1951.
Modifications to the cars for the 1952 race resulted in inadequate cooling and all three Jaguar entries failed to finish the race due to the resultant overheating, with Mercedes taking a 1-2 with the gullwing-doored 300SL.
With the cooling sorted, the cars won again in 1953, the first time that the race had been won at an average of over 100 mph.The D-Type Jaguar
The D-Type Jaguar was the car that indelibly burned the name Jaguar into the psyche of the global automotive public beyond Great Britain, though it did not do so initially.
The car made extensive use of aeronautical engineering and was the first racing car to use a monocoque chassis to win a major race.
Like the C-Type, the D-Type used the same DOHC six cylinder engine enlarged from 3.4 liters to 3.8 liters but there was little else that was common.
The D-Type emulated the C-Type in winning the Le Mans 24 hour race more than once, being unlucky in finishing second at its first try, then inheriting a win when Mercedes Benz pulled out of the 1955 event whilst leading - the reason for Mercedes' withdrawal was the infamous crash which saw 80 spectators killed and catalyzed a major rethink of motorsport safety standards.
The D-Type won again in 1956 (in the complete absence of the Mercedes team and its very fast SL300 Gullwings), but Jaguar's finest hour came courtesy of the D-Type in 1957 when the five D-Types fronted the starter in the world's most important race, finishing first, second, third, fourth and sixth - there has never been a perfect race for any marque at Le Mans, but the D-Type went awfully close.
The E-Type Jaguar
The E-Type was first seen by the general public in the above press photograph issued by the factory prior to its first public showing at the 1961 Geneva Motor Show.
Not surprisingly, the launch of the exquisitely beautiful E-Type in 1961 was met with extraordinary acclaim. Enzo Ferrari called it "the most beautiful car ever made", which is high praise indeed from someone who was responsible for several cars which could arguably contest such a title.
The E-Type offered excellent performance thanks to the aerodynamic efficiencies it inherited from its predecessors plus the XK6 DOHC motor which by then sported triple SU carburettors and a 3.8 liter capacity and a very modest price in comparison to its contemporaries at just GBP2,256 (less than GBP40,000 in today's currency).
The E-Type attracted a horde of celebrity owners, from sixties heart-throbs Steve McQueen, Tony Curtis and Brigitte Bardot, through to soccer superstar and playboy Georgie Best.
Jaguar's Design Director Ian Callum, said it best: "It is impossible to overstate the impact the E-Type had when it was unveiled in 1961. Here was a car that encapsulated the spirit of the revolutionary era it came to symbolise."
The E-Type became one of the key symbols of the swinging sixties.
The first F-Type
Jaguar is making it quite clear that it considers the F-Type embodies the soul of the E-Type, if not the form. Back in 2000 the company showed an F-Type concept (above) which was clearly far closer to the original E-Type but for unknown reasons the project was shelved.
Now the F-Type is to be based on the C-X16 and Jaguar is again on the move with the financial backing and stability of the giant Indian Tata behind it.
It's almost inconceivable that the F-Type will not be very, very good.
AutomotiveProductionJaguarLe MansSports CarsJaguar F-typeNew York International Auto Show 2012
Mike Hanlon
As a photojournalist, Mike's work has been published in a dozen languages across 20+ countries. He has edited or managed over 75 different print publications, each with a different target audience: sports, automotive, advertising, marketing, design, ad infinitum. Mike has been working in the internet for more than 25 years and was the veteran of five internet start-ups before founding New Atlas in 2002.
Mr Stiffy April 9, 2012 11:36 PM
The F type looks crap - like one of the Mazda ? Rotaries....
Bring back the NICE rounded shapes.....
The C type looks nice....
Andrew Kennedy April 10, 2012 08:03 AM
This is a severe disappointment. What happened to the bold lines of the XC-16 and the extra electric motors to boost the power of an all new V6? The flared wheel arches, the agressive stance, the swooping curves. Where is that design concept? This F-type looks like a watered down version of the current XK, a Mazda MX5, an MG-F. This just won't do Jaguar.
toolman65 April 10, 2012 12:22 PM
I agree, my first thought was it was a Mazda MX-5 with the nose of an Infinity tacked on.
Considering the prestige and brand recognition that goes with the E types, you would hope for a better attempt.
There is nothing that says "Jaguar" about this car. Perhaps that is why they gave it such an awful paint job. Why not paint it the same as the Le Mans winning D type,in British Racing Green with a white patch and black number?
It is a sad comment on Jaguar when Hyundai is building more attractive cars.
Mel Tisdale April 10, 2012 03:47 PM
What about the XK140 and XK150?
engineeron April 10, 2012 08:18 PM
Funglestrumpet - in what way are those Jaguar letter-type cars? They were essentially descendants of the XK-120 which was HEAVILY modified to become the basis for the C-Type, founder of the letter-type series. Just as the XK-120 was not a letter-series car itself, neither are the XK-140 or -150. Thus, they are not germane to the content of this article.


text:
Eileen Conn, Founder and Coordinator of Peckham Vision 27 Aug 2018
Peckham Multi Storey. Photo: Peckham Vision
As part of the South London Gallery's archive project, we are developing an interactive map that will chart the cultural, architectural and social histories of the local area. We asked Eileen Conn, founder and co-ordinator of the citizens' action group Peckham Vision, which places she would like to see included in the map.
You can find out more about the map, and suggest places to include, by clicking here.
Copeland Park & Bussey Building
This large site opposite Peckham Rye station was saved from being turned into a tram depot in 2009 thanks to a community campaign by Peckham Vision which said the site had significant potential to stimulate what has become a new cultural quarter in Peckham. The Bussey is a large Victorian factory which used to manufacture the England team's cricket bats, and is now home to many small creative and cultural enterprises.
Bussey Building, Block B. Photo: Peckham Vision
Peckham Multi Storey
This multi storey was built in the 1980s to house a Sainsbury's supermarket and car park, replacing a street of Edwardian houses through a compulsory purchase order. Ten years after it was built the supermarket became a cinema, and is now the independent Peckhamplex. Since 2008 the top levels of the car park have been used by arts organisation Bold Tendencies and Frank's Café, offering visitors breath-taking views of central London. Peckham Vision's campaign from 2012 to 2017 removed the building from the Council's plan for sale and demolition after 2023, and led to the creation of Peckham Levels a new creative workspace and cultural destination in the former carpark.
Peckham High Street
In the mid-1970s the Council planned to demolish from number 1 Peckham High Street on the north side to the Post Office opposite the bus station. A community campaign from 1975 to 1982 led by the Peckham Action Group, stopped the plan and created the idea to link the Canal Walk to the High Street. This street is the oldest part of Peckham and the oldest buildings are numbers 58-62 Peckham High Street which were built in the late 17th century. The Heritage Lottery funded Townscape Heritage Initiative promoted by Peckham Vision is bringing £2.1m to restore a selection of the oldest buildings.
Interactive Map Open Call
Samantha Lippett, 3 Sep 2018


text:
\section{Introduction}

Recently, the strong coupling lattice Schwinger model with
Wilson fermions ($N_f = 1$) has received some attention
\cite{gaus1}--\cite{karsch} following
work by Salmhofer \cite{salm} who has shown that it
is equivalent to a certain 8-vertex model (a 7-vertex model, more
precisely) which also can be
understood as a self-avoiding loop model
on the square lattice with bending rigidity $\eta = 1/2$ and monomer
weight $z = (2\kappa)^{-2}$. Beyond its toy character
interest in the lattice Schwinger model (${\rm QED_2}$) mainly
derives from the similarity of some of its major features with
those of QCD in 4D. However, because the result of Salmhofer \cite{salm}
is related to the polymer (hopping parameter) expansion
of the fermion determinant \cite{mont1}, \cite{kar1} the
strong coupling Schwinger model is also interesting from
the point of view of the dynamical fermion problem within
lattice gauge theory. While some investigations have been devoted
to the polymer expansion of the fermion determinant in the
case of staggered fermions \cite{burk}--\cite{mut} to date
almost no attention has been paid to the corresponding
case of Wilson fermions \cite{luo} due to
the additional difficulties involved in general. However,
while in the strong coupling limit the system with staggered
fermions (QCD, QED) reduces to a pure monomer-dimer system \cite{ros} the
same is not true for Wilson fermions as the investigation of
Salmhofer \cite{salm} demonstrates. The equivalence of the
strong coupling lattice Schwinger model with Wilson
fermions to a self-avoiding loop model enables certain methods
used in other branches of physics, e.g. in condensed matter physics (polymers,
defect mediated phase transitions) and in cosmic string physics,
to be exploited in its investigation \cite{wie1}--\cite{cope5}.
At the same time, its equivalence
(in another language) to some 8-vertex model \cite{bax} makes
further results available.\\

Self-avoiding loop models \cite{genn}, \cite{rys1}
have a long history due to their
prominent role in polymer physics as well as
their attraction as a simple problem of non-Markovian
nature. In addition, systems of closed non-crossing lines
or systems which can be approximated by them appear in
a variety of contexts ranging from condensed matter physics
through cosmology to quantum field theory which generates
common interest for appropriate model building \cite{klein}, \cite{wie1}.
Recently, quantum field theoretic methods have
been exploited to study the critical behaviour of
self-avoiding loop models in two dimensions
\cite{card1}--\cite{dup1}. Somewhat lesser attention has been paid
so far to the self-avoiding loop model with variable bending
rigidity (while for open chains with bending rigidity
a number of investigations exists, e.g.,
\cite{moon} and references therein).
Beyond the work of M\"user and Rys \cite{mus1}
certain insight in this direction has been obtained in connection
with the study of 2D vesicles \cite{leib}--\cite{cam}.\\

 From the point of view of the 8-vertex model, a general solution
to the self-avoiding loop model with variable bending rigidity
on the square lattice is not known. However, for the special
case $\eta = 1/\sqrt{2}$ the free-fermion condition \cite{fan1},
\cite{fan2} is fulfilled and it can be solved exactly
\cite{pri1}--\cite{blu}. This way one point on the critical line
of the the self-avoiding loop model with variable bending
rigidity is known exactly and consequently one may use
methods of perturbative nature in its neighbourhood to
approximately find the critical line there by analytical methods.\\

The plan of the paper is as follows. In section 2 we shortly
review the relevant facts concerning the lattice Schwinger
model with Wilson fermions and discuss the relation of recent
exact studies of its partition function on finite lattices
\cite{gaus3}, \cite{karsch} to the
earlier MC results of M\"user and Rys \cite{mus1}.
Section 3 is devoted to the approximate analytical
study of the self-avoiding loop
model (SALM) with variable bending rigidity by means of the
independent loop approximation. Section 4 then explores
the application of the exact solution of the SALM
with bending rigidity $\eta  = 1/\sqrt{2}$ to the
study of the critical behaviour of the SALM
in a neigbourhood of it in the
relevant parameter space. Section 5 finally discusses the
picture emerging from the present investigation paying
special attention to the
central charge of the SALM with
variable bending rigidity on the critical line.\\

\section{The strong coupling Schwinger model with \hfill\break
Wilson fermions}

The partition function $Z_\Lambda$ of the Schwinger model with
Wilson fermions (with Wilson parameter $r = 1$)
on a certain lattice $\Lambda$
is given by the standard expression

\parindent0.em

\begin{eqnarray}
\label{B1}
Z_\Lambda &=& \int DU D\psi D\bar\psi\ \ {\rm e}^{-S}\ \ \ ,
\end{eqnarray}

where $D$ denotes the multiple integration on the lattice. The
action $S$ is defined by

\begin{eqnarray}
\label{B2}
S &=& S_F + \beta S_G\ \ \ \ \ ,\\
\vspace{0.3cm}\nonumber\\
\label{B3}
S_F &=& \sum_{x\in \Lambda} \left( {1\over 2}
\sum_\mu \left(\bar\psi(x+\hat{\mu})(1+\gamma_\mu)
U_\mu^\dagger(x) \psi(x)\right.\right.\nonumber\\
\vspace{0.3cm}\nonumber\\
&&\ \ \ +
\left.
\bar\psi(x)(1-\gamma_\mu) U_\mu^\dagger(x) \psi(x+\hat{\mu})
\right) - M \bar\psi(x)\psi(x)\Bigg)\ \ \ \ \ ,
\end{eqnarray}

and $U_\mu =\exp{[-i A_\mu]}$, $M = 2 + m$, $\beta = 1/g^2$.
$S_G$ is the standard Wilson action and the hopping parameter
$\kappa$ is given by $\kappa = 1/2M$. Salmhofer has shown \cite{salm}
that in the strong (infinite) coupling limit $\beta = 0$ the
partition function $Z_\Lambda$ equals that of an 8-vertex model
(a 7-vertex model due to eq.\ (\ref{B4b}), more precisely)
\cite{bax} with weights (cf.\ fig.\ 1)

\begin{eqnarray}
\label{B4a}
w_1 &=& z\ =\ {1\over 4 \kappa^2}\ =\ M^2\ \ \ \ ,\\
\vspace{0.2cm}\nonumber\\
\label{B4b}
w_2 &=& 0\ \ \ \ ,\\
\vspace{0.2cm}\nonumber\\
\label{B4c}
w_3 &=& w_4\ =\ 1\ \ \ \ ,\\
\vspace{0.2cm}\nonumber\\
\label{B4d}
w_5&=& w_6\ =\ w_7\ =\ w_8\ =\ \eta\ =\ {1\over 2}\ \ \ \ .
\end{eqnarray}

Consequently, one can write

\begin{eqnarray}
\label{B5}
Z_\Lambda &=& Z_\Lambda\left[z,{1\over 2}\right]\ \ \ \ ,\\
\vspace{0.3cm}\nonumber\\
\label{B6}
Z_\Lambda[z,\eta] &=&
\sum_L\ z^{\vert\Lambda\vert - \vert L\vert}\ \eta^{C(L)}\ \ \ ,
\end{eqnarray}

where $L$ denotes any self-avoiding loop configuration,
$\vert L\vert$ and $C(L)$ are the number of links and corners respectively
a polymer configuration $L$ is built of,
and $\vert\Lambda\vert$ is the number of lattice points of the
lattice $\Lambda$. $Z_\Lambda[z,\eta]$ is the partition function
of a self-avoiding loop model (SALM) with monomer weight $z$ and bending
rigidity $\eta$. The same expression can of course also be
obtained for non-compact $\rm QED_2$.\\

\parindent1.5em

 From the point of view of lattice field
theory it is interesting to know the phase structure of the
lattice Schwinger model. For free fermions ($\beta = \infty$)
the critical value of the hopping parameter reads
$\kappa_{cr}(\beta = \infty) = 1/4$. In order to pin down the
critical line for $\beta < \infty$ it is of particular
interest to know where it ends ($\beta = 0$). There is
a critical point for $\kappa_{cr}(\beta = 0) = \infty$ because then the
strong coupling Schwinger model reduces to a 6-vertex model
whose behaviour is known from its exact solution \cite{salm},
\cite{bax}. This point however is believed to be isolated
and not to be the end point of the critical line starting at
$\kappa_{cr}(\infty) = 1/4$ \cite{gaus2}.
Recently, exact studies of the partition function of the
strong coupling Schwinger model have been made on finite lattices
\cite{gaus3}, \cite{karsch}. It has been found
$\kappa_{cr}(0) \simeq 0.38-0.39$ and that the phase transition
is likely a continuous one (second order or higher) \cite{karsch}.\\

It is worthwhile to compare the result obtained in
\cite{gaus3}, \cite{karsch} with the MC investigation of the SALM
with variable bending rigidity undertaken by
M\"user and Rys \cite{mus1} (see also \cite{mus2} for
some computational background). Their investigation
has been inspired by the generalized loop model of Rys and
Helfrich \cite{rys1}.
M\"user and Rys \cite{mus1} employ a different parameter
set than $\{z,\eta\}$ which we are going to describe first.
Their language is thermodynamic in spirit and their
parameters temperature and line stiffness $\{T,s\}$ are
introduced the following way

\parindent0.em

\begin{eqnarray}
\label{B7}
z &=& {\rm e}^{\displaystyle\ (1-s)/T}\ \ \ \ ,\\
\vspace{0.3cm}\nonumber\\
\label{B8}
\eta &=& {\rm e}^{\displaystyle -s/T}
\end{eqnarray}

which in turn entails

\begin{eqnarray}
\label{B9}
T &=& {1\over \ln{\displaystyle{z\over\eta}}}\ \ \ \ \ ,\\
\vspace{0.3cm}\nonumber\\
\label{B10}
s &=& {\ln\eta\over\ln{\displaystyle{\eta\over z}}}\ \ \ \ \ .
\end{eqnarray}

For positive temperatures $T$ negative values of the line stiffness
$s$ correspond to values of the bending rigidity $\eta > 1$
(i.e., bending preferred) and positive values of $s$ to
$\eta < 1$ (i.e., bending is costly).
The Jacobian ${\cal F}$ of this coordinate transformation
 from $\{z,\eta\} \in \{[0,\infty),[0,\infty)\}$ to
$\{T,s\} \in \{[0,\infty),(-\infty,\infty)\}$ reads

\begin{eqnarray}
\label{B12}
{\cal F} &=& z \eta \left[ \ln{z\over\eta}\right]^3\\
\vspace{0.3cm}\nonumber\\
\label{B13}
&=& {1\over T^3}\ \ {\rm e}^{\displaystyle\ (1-s)/T}
\end{eqnarray}

and has consequently singular lines beyond
the given range of the map.
Figure 2 displays the result of
M\"user and Rys \cite{mus1} (adapted from their fig.\ 2)
for the critical line of the loop model with line stiffness
and fig.\ 3 displays the same information in $\{z,\eta\}$
coordinates (for further comments see the figure captions).
In regions II and III the system at criticality is found to exhibit
Ising-like behaviour while in region I some non-universal behaviour
is seen. For better orientation the ordinary loop gas ($\eta = 1$)
result is specially shown in figs.\ 2, 3 \cite{kar2}--\cite{kar3}.
One immediately recognizes that the results found for the
strong coupling Schwinger model \cite{gaus3}, \cite{karsch}
fits well onto the critical line given by M\"user and Rys.
Moreover, the MC result of M\"user and Rys also well
agrees with the exactly known critical point for the free
fermion model ($\eta = 1/\sqrt{2}$) to be discussed in section 4.
For the ordinary loop gas it has also been found numerically
\cite{kar3} that critical exponents (and amplitudes, in part) agree well
with those of the Ising model. The free fermion model
($\eta = 1/\sqrt{2}$, see section 4) of course also lies
in the Ising universality class. This immediately suggest
(for a further discussion see section 5) that in general the
SALM with variable bending rigidity at criticality lies in the
Ising universality class (in the parameter regions II, III).
 From this we immediately infer that also the strong coupling
lattice Schwinger model ($\eta = 1/2$) belongs to this class.
In \cite{karsch} however a critical exponent $\nu \simeq 0.63$
has been reported for the strong coupling Schwinger model
which is quite off the Ising result $\nu = 1$. The discrepancy
very likely stems from finite size effects of the small
lattices on non-quadratic domains investigated. These non-quadratic
domain lattices however can be exploited in other ways
as we will see in section 5.\\

\section{The independent loop approximation}

Inasmuch as exact expressions for the partition function
(\ref{B6}) for general $\eta$ are not available analytical
attempts to understand the phase structure of the self-avoiding
loop model with variable bending rigidity have to rely
on certain approximations. A method also applied in related
situations in condensed matter physics and cosmic string
physics is the so-called 'independent loop approximation'
\cite{wie1}-\cite{cope5}, \cite{wie2}, \cite{weg}. The approximation
is approached by writing the partition function $Z_\Lambda[z,\eta]$
as a sum over partition functions with a fixed number $l$ of
(polymer) loops.

\begin{eqnarray}
\label{C1}
Z_\Lambda[z,\eta] &=&
z^{\vert\Lambda\vert}\ \ \sum_{l=0}^\infty\ Z_\Lambda[l,z,\eta]
\end{eqnarray}

The approximation now made is to express the $l$-loop partition
function $Z_\Lambda[l,z,\eta]$ exclusively by means of the single
loop partition function $Z_\Lambda[1,z,\eta]$

\begin{eqnarray}
\label{C2}
Z_\Lambda[l,z,\eta] &=& {1\over l!}\
\left[\ Z_\Lambda[1,z,\eta]\ \right]^l  \ \ \ \ ,
\end{eqnarray}

leading to

\begin{eqnarray}
\label{C3}
Z_\Lambda[z,\eta] &=&
z^{\vert\Lambda\vert}\ \ {\rm e}^{\displaystyle\ Z_\Lambda[1,z,\eta]}\ \ \ \ .
\end{eqnarray}

This approximation can be expected to give reasonable
results for those parameter regions where the loop system
is sufficiently dilute (filling in the average only a certain
fraction of the lattice $\Lambda$). According to eq.\ (\ref{C3})
the investigation now may concentrate on the single loop
partition function $Z_\Lambda[1,z,\eta]$. One can easily convince
oneself that in the independent loop approximation the average
number of loops in the system is given by the value of the
single loop partition function \cite{cope1}, eq.\ (56).
The free energy density $f$ reads in the independent loop
approximation ($\beta_T = 1/T$)

\begin{eqnarray}
\label{C4}
\beta_T f(z,\eta)&=& - \lim_{\vert\Lambda\vert\longrightarrow\infty}\
{1\over\vert\Lambda\vert}\
\ln Z_\Lambda[z,\eta]\ = \ -\
\ln z\ -\ \lim_{\vert\Lambda\vert\longrightarrow\infty}\
{Z_\Lambda[1,z,\eta]\over\vert\Lambda\vert}\ \ \ .
\end{eqnarray}

\parindent1.5em

To proceed further, the single loop partition function can now be written
as sum over the loop length

\parindent0.em
\begin{eqnarray}
\label{C5}
Z_\Lambda[1,z,\eta] &=&
\sum_{k=1}^\infty\ z^{-2k}\ {\cal Z}_\Lambda[2k,\eta]
\end{eqnarray}

where ${\cal Z}_\Lambda[2k,\eta]$ is the conformational
partition function of a single loop of length $2k$ (Here we already have
taken into account that on a square lattice the length
of a loop is always even.) \cite{cope4}. The conformational partition
function is represented then as sum over all single loop
configurations $L$ with length $2k$

\begin{eqnarray}
\label{C6}
{\cal Z}_\Lambda[2k,\eta] &=&
\sum_{L,\ \vert L\vert = 2k}\ \eta^{C(L)}\ =\
\sum_{C=0}^{2k}\ N(2k,C)\ \eta^C\ \ \ \ .
\end{eqnarray}

\parindent1.5em

Let us start with the consideration of the ordinary loop
model ($\eta = 1$). In this case ${\cal Z}_\Lambda[2k,1]$
denotes the total number of possibilities to place a
self-avoiding loop with length $2k$ on the lattice $\Lambda$.
It can be expressed by means of the number $p_{2k}$ of
$2k$-step self-avoiding loops per lattice site
which is a standard quantity that has been investigated
in the literature.

\parindent0.em

\begin{eqnarray}
\label{C7}
p_{2k}&=&\ \lim_{\vert\Lambda\vert\longrightarrow\infty}\
{{\cal Z}_\Lambda[2k,1]\over\vert\Lambda\vert}
\end{eqnarray}

The $n\rightarrow 0$ limit of the lattice $O(n)$ spin model provides us
now just with the information necessary to study the critical
behaviour \cite{genn} (see also, e.g., \cite{card1}, sect.\ 2).
For large $k$ $p_{2k}$ reads \cite{card2}

\begin{eqnarray}
\label{C8}
p_{2k}&\stackrel{k\rightarrow\infty}{=}&
B\ \mu^{2k}\ [2k]^{-2\nu-1}\ +\  ... \ \ \ .
\end{eqnarray}

Here $\mu$ denotes the connective constant
(effective coordination number)
for the self-avoiding walk problem on the given lattice
$\Lambda$ \cite{hamm} and B is some lattice dependent
constant. The (universal) critical exponent $\nu$ is believed
to be given in two dimensions by $\nu = {3\over 4}$
(obtained on a honeycomb lattice)
\cite{nien1}, \cite{nien2}. Inserting (\ref{C8}) into
eq.\ (\ref{C5}) one finds

\begin{eqnarray}
\label{C9}
Z_\Lambda[1,z,1] &=&
\vert\Lambda\vert\ B\ \sum_{k=1}^\infty\ \
[2k]^{-5/2}\ \left({\mu\over z}\right)^{2k}\ \ \ \ .
\end{eqnarray}

This is a justified approximation because we are
mainly interested in the critical domain which
is related to the $k\rightarrow\infty$ behaviour.
 From eq.\ (\ref{C9}) one easily recognizes that the critical point is given
by $z_{cr} = \mu$. Most recent (precise) estimates
for $\mu$ on the square lattice can be found in
\cite{gut1}--\cite{con}. We keep here only a few digits and
write $z_{cr} = \mu = 2.638$ ($T_{cr} =1.031$). Eq.\ (\ref{C9}) inserted into
eq.\ (\ref{C4}) gives immediately the free energy and
one recognizes that the phase transition at
$z_{cr} = \mu = 2.638$ found within the independent
loop approximation is of second order.
Using (\cite{lind}, \cite{true})

\begin{eqnarray}
\label{C10}
F(x,k)&=&\sum_{n=1}^{\infty}\ {x^n\over n^k}
\ =\ \Gamma(1-k)\ (-\ln x)^{k-1}\ +\ \sum_{n=0}^{\infty}\
\zeta(k-n)\  {(\ln x)^n\over n!}
\end{eqnarray}

one reobtains for the critical exponent of the
specific heat $\alpha$ the hyperscaling relation
$\alpha = 2-2\nu$ entailing in the independent loop
approximation $\alpha = 1/2$ which is to be confronted with
the expected Ising result $\alpha = 0$ \cite{kar3}.\\

\parindent1.5em

We are now prepared to study the general case with
variable bending rigidity $\eta$. First we have to
find an appropriate expression for the number $N(2k,C)$
of self-avoiding loops with length $2k$ and $C$ corners.
Let us count first the number of random non-backtracking
walks of length $2k$ with $C$ corners \cite{cope4}.
It should be stressed that the following argument
does not depend on the dimension of the lattice. There
are $2k-1$ vertices available the $C$ corners can be
placed at, i.e., there are ${2k-1\choose C}$
possibilities to do so. To each prospective corner exist
$h= (2d -1) -1$ ways of bending where $d$ is the dimension of
a (hyper)cubic lattice (in our case of a square lattice $d=2$).
$(2d -1)$ is here the non-backtracking dimension of the lattice
and it has to be diminished by $1$ corresponding to
the straight line choice. Consequently, we find

\parindent0.em

\begin{eqnarray}
\label{C12}
N_{NB}(2k,C)&=& \vert\Lambda\vert\ {2k-1\choose C}\
h^C\ \ \ \ .
\end{eqnarray}

Using eq.\ (\ref{C6}) the corresponding (non-backtracking) conformational
partition function reads then

\begin{eqnarray}
\label{C13}
{\cal Z}_\Lambda[2k,\eta]_{NB} &=& \vert\Lambda\vert\
\left[\ 1+h\eta\ \right]^{2k-1}\ \ \ \ .
\end{eqnarray}

We now obtain an approximation to the $2k$-step self-avoiding walk
(SAW) conformational partition
function by simply replacing $h= (2d -1)[1 -1/(2d -1)]$
by $h= \bar\mu [1 -1/(2d -1)]$ (this is based on the assumption
that the self-avoidance constraints effectively encoded in $\bar\mu$
are independent of whether propagation is straight or bent)
where $\bar\mu$ is a certain effective coordination number
to be determined in a moment.
This yields in our case

\begin{eqnarray}
\label{C14}
{\cal Z}_\Lambda[2k,\eta]_{SAW} &=& \vert\Lambda\vert\
U(2k)\ \left[\ 1+{2\bar\mu\eta\over 3}\ \right]^{2k-1}\ \ \ \ .
\end{eqnarray}

The additional factor $U(2k)$ also to be determined below
takes care of some additional length dependence which might
show up in the transition from non-back\-track\-ing to SAW.
Specializing eq.\ (\ref{C14}) to $\eta = 1$ we find the total number
of SAW of length $2k$ on the square lattice which has to
be confronted with the standard expectation \cite{card2} for
large $k$

\begin{eqnarray}
\label{C15}
c_{2k}&=&\ \lim_{\vert\Lambda\vert\longrightarrow\infty}\
{{\cal Z}_\Lambda[2k,1]_{SAW}\over\vert\Lambda\vert}\
\stackrel{k\rightarrow\infty}{=}\
A\ \mu^{2k}\ [2k]^{\gamma -1}\ +\ \ ...
\end{eqnarray}

where $A$ is some lattice dependent constant and
$\gamma = 43/32$ \cite{nien1}, \cite{nien2}. From
eq.\ (\ref{C15}) we immediately find

\begin{eqnarray}
\label{C15a}
\bar\mu&=& {3\over2}\ (\mu-1)\ \ \ \ ,\\
\vspace{0.3cm}\nonumber\\
\label{C15b}
U(2k)&=& A\ \mu\ [2k]^{\gamma -1}
\end{eqnarray}

\parindent1.5em

Now, we need to know the conformational partition
function for the self-avoiding loop problem.
In order to be able to make further progress let us assume that
$N(2k,C)$ for self-avoiding loops is just a certain
fraction $M(2k)$ of $N_{SAW}(2k,C)$ at least for large $k$
independent of the number of corners $C$. According to eq.\ (\ref{C6})
then we can write

\parindent0.em

\begin{eqnarray}
\label{C16a}
{\cal Z}_\Lambda[2k,\eta] &=& M(2k)\ {\cal Z}_\Lambda[2k,\eta]_{SAW}
\end{eqnarray}

which reads after having taken into account eqs.\ (\ref{C14}),
(\ref{C15a}), (\ref{C15b})

\begin{eqnarray}
\label{C16b}
{\cal Z}_\Lambda[2k,\eta] &=& \vert\Lambda\vert\ M(2k)\
A\ \mu
\left[\ 1+(\mu-1)\eta\ \right]^{2k-1}\ [2k]^{\gamma -1}\ \ \ \ .
\end{eqnarray}

$M(2k)$ is the fraction to be determined. We here simply
ignore the fact that for any loop the number of corners
is even, necessarily. This is justified for the
study of the $k\rightarrow\infty$ behaviour we are primarily
interested in. For $\eta = 1$
we already have displayed an expression (eq.\ (\ref{C8}))
which now serves as reference expression to determine $M(2k)$.
We obtain

\begin{eqnarray}
\label{C17}
M(2k)&=& {B\over A}\ [2k]^{-2\nu -\gamma}
\end{eqnarray}

leading to

\begin{eqnarray}
\label{C18}
Z_\Lambda[1,z,\eta] &=&
\vert\Lambda\vert\ {B\ \mu\over\left[\ 1+(\mu-1)\eta\ \right]}\
\sum_{k=1}^\infty\ \ [2k]^{-5/2}\
\left({ 1+(\mu-1)\eta\over z}\right)^{2k}\ \ \ \ .
\end{eqnarray}

Consequently, the critical line is found to be

\begin{eqnarray}
\label{C19}
\eta_{cr}(z_{cr}) &=& {(z_{cr}-1)\over(\mu-1)}\
\ \ \ \ .
\end{eqnarray}

This translates into the $\{T,s\}$ coordinate system as

\begin{eqnarray}
\label{C20}
s_{cr}(T_{cr})&=& T_{cr}\
\ln\left[\
{{\rm e}^{\displaystyle\ 1/T_{cr}}\over\mu}\ -\ \mu\ +\ 1\ \right]\ \ \ \ .
\end{eqnarray}

It should be emphasized that the result of our approximate
consideration (eq.\ (\ref{C20})) entails $s_{cr}\rightarrow 1$
for $T_{cr}\rightarrow 0$. This is well in line with expectations
spelled out in \cite{mus1}. From the above equations we
obtain for the strong coupling Schwinger model
$z_{cr} = 1.819$ ($T_{cr} = 0.774$, $s_{cr} = 0.537$). We find
for the critical hopping parameter

\begin{eqnarray}
\label{C21}
\kappa_{cr}(0)&=& {1\over \sqrt{2 (\mu + 1) }}\ =\ 0.371\ \ \ \ .
\end{eqnarray}

\parindent1.5em
The critical line (eqs.\ (\ref{C19}), (\ref{C20})) obtained within
the independent loop approximation is plotted in figs.\ 4, 5.
One recognizes that the critical line found analytically agrees
qualitatively quite well with the result of the MC calculation of
M\"user and Rys \cite{mus1}. However, it is clear that the
validity of the independent loop approximation is confined
to the low (polymer) loop density domain. The high density
result of M\"user and Rys \cite{mus1} displayed in region I of
figs.\ 2, 3 cannot be obtained within the present scheme.
It is also well known \cite{wie1}, \cite{wie2} that while
within the independent loop
approximation the critical line can be determined in a
qualitatively correct way results for
critical exponents are correct to a lesser degree.
This also applies to our case as we have seen above.
While we would have expected, e.g., for the critical
exponent $\alpha$ the Ising result ($\alpha = 0$)
within the independent loop approximation we see $\alpha =1/2$.
Finally, it should also be mentioned that the relative
simplicity of the independent loop approximation has its
price because so far no way of its systematic improvement
is known and one consequently has no quantitative control
over the approximation made. Perhaps, this drawback
is offset by the applicability of the approximation
to systems in any dimension.\\

\section{The exact solution of the self-avoiding loop model
with bending rigidity
$ \eta = 1/\surd\overline{2}$ and its use}

While in general the self-avoiding loop model (SALM) with variable bending
rigidity (which is equivalent to a 7-vertex model due to $w_2 = 0$)
cannot be studied exactly so far, there exists an
exact solution to it for $\eta = 1/\sqrt{2}$ first investigated by
Priezzhev \cite{pri1} (see also \cite{pri2}). This solution has
later been rediscovered by Blum and Shapir \cite{blu}
who apparently were unaware of the earlier work of Priezzhev.
The solution relies on the general study of the 8-vertex model by Fan
and Wu \cite{fan1}, \cite{fan2}. They found that the 8-vertex model
is exactly solvable if the free fermion condition

\parindent0.em

\begin{eqnarray}
\label{D1}
w_1 w_2\ +\ w_3 w_4 &=& w_5 w_6\ +\ w_7 w_8
\end{eqnarray}

is fulfilled (cf. fig. 1 for the labelling of the vertices).
Inserting eqs.\ (\ref{B4a})-(\ref{B4d})
into (\ref{D1}) ($\eta$ taken arbitrary here) one immediately finds
that the free fermion condition is fulfilled for $\eta = 1/\sqrt{2}$.
The partition
function for the SALM with bending rigidity
$\eta = 1/\sqrt{2}$ has been found in \cite{pri1}, \cite{blu} by
standard methods. The free energy density $f$ reads

\begin{eqnarray}
\label{D2}
\beta_T f(z,1/\sqrt{2})&=&- {1\over 8\pi^2}\
\int_0^{2\pi} d\theta \int_0^{2\pi} d\phi\
\ln\left[\ 2\ +\ z^2\ +\ 2 z \cos\theta\right.\nonumber\\
\vspace{0.3cm}\nonumber\\
&&\hspace{4.cm}
\left. +\ 2 z \cos\phi\ +\
2 \cos\theta \cos\phi\ \right]\ \ .
\end{eqnarray}

A second order phase transition occurs for $z_{cr} = 2$
($T_{cr} = 2/(3\ln 2) = 0.962$, $s_{cr} = 1/3$) which will be of main
interest to us. There is
of course also a critical point at $z = 0$ related to the
exactly solvable 6-vertex model \cite{bax}, \cite{salm}.
Because the system
can be represented by means of free fermions \cite{sam} the
SALM with bending rigidity $\eta = 1/\sqrt{2}$
lies in the Ising universality class \cite{blu}. In accordance with
this it has been shown (for $w_2$ chosen arbitrarily) that the
partition function of the free fermion model can be expressed in
terms of that of the regular Ising model \cite{bax1}. It finally deserves
mention that the result of the MC calculation of
M\"user and Rys \cite{mus1} is in complete
agreement with the exact solution of the free fermion
model (cf.\ figs. 2, 3).\\

\parindent1.5em

The above exact solution lying on the critical line of the
SALM with variable bending rigidity
is quite useful because this way one may take advantage of
universality arguments to draw conclusions
about the model at criticality
for fairly wide ranges of the bending rigidity $\eta$. This will
be discussed further in section 5. Here we will
study the approximate calculation of the critical line
in a neighbourhood of the model for $\eta = 1/\sqrt{2}$.
This discussion is in a certain sense a generalization of that given in
\cite{pri2}, \cite{pri1}. Let us write the partition function
(\ref{B6}) in the following way.

\parindent0.em

\begin{eqnarray}
\label{D3}
Z_\Lambda[z,\eta] &=&
\sum_{l=0}^{\vert\Lambda\vert}\ z^{\vert\Lambda\vert - 2l}\
\sum_{L,\ \vert L\vert = 2l}\ \eta^{C(L)}\\
\vspace{0.3cm}\nonumber\\
\label{D4}
&=&\sum_{l=0}^{\vert\Lambda\vert}\ z^{\vert\Lambda\vert - 2l}\
\sum_{L,\ \vert L\vert = 2l}\ \sum_{k=0}^{\infty}\
{1\over k!}\ [ C(L) \ln\eta ]^k\\
\vspace{0.3cm}\nonumber\\
\label{D5}
&=&\sum_{l=0}^{\vert\Lambda\vert}\ z^{\vert\Lambda\vert - 2l}\
\ \sum_{k=0}^{\infty}\
{[\ln\eta ]^k\over k!}\  \langle C(L)^k\rangle_{2l}
\end{eqnarray}

Here,

\begin{eqnarray}
\label{D6}
\langle C(L)^k\rangle_{2l}&=&\sum_{L,\ \vert L\vert = 2l}
\ C(L)^k\ \ \ \ .
\end{eqnarray}

One may now express $\langle C(L)\rangle_{2l}$ the following
way.

\begin{eqnarray}
\label{D7a}
\langle C(L)\rangle_{2l}&=&\bar C_{2l}\ N(2l)\\
\vspace{0.3cm}\nonumber\\
\label{D7b}
\bar C_{2l}&=&2l\ n_C(2l)
\end{eqnarray}

$N(2l) = \langle 1\rangle_{2l}$ denotes the
number of (multi) loop
configurations of total length $2l$ on the lattice $\Lambda$
and $n_C(2l)$, $0\leq n_C(2l)\leq 1$,
stands for the average relative density of corners
in the considered loop ensemble of total length $2l$.
The following of course holds for the higher moments
of $C$.

\begin{eqnarray}
\label{D8}
0 \leq \langle C(L)^k\rangle_{2l}&\leq& (2l)^k\ N(2l)
\end{eqnarray}

One can now write

\begin{eqnarray}
\label{D9}
&&\hspace{-1.5cm}Z_\Lambda[z,\eta]\ =\nonumber\\
\vspace{0.3cm}\nonumber\\
&=& z^{\vert\Lambda\vert}\
\sum_{l=0}^{\vert\Lambda\vert}\ N(2l)\ \left[ {\eta^{n_C(2l)}\over z}
\right]^{2l}\
\left[\ 1\ +\ {\langle (C(L)-\bar C_{2l})^2\rangle_{2l}\over 2\ N(2l)}\
(\ln\eta)^2\ ~~+\ ...\ \ \right]
\end{eqnarray}

where $\ ...\ $ stands for a series in higher order correlation functions
of the corner number $C$ and $\ln\eta$. The critical behaviour of
the system is related to large $l$. For $l\rightarrow\infty$
$n_C$ tends to some value $\bar n_C$ and
consequently points $\{z_1,\eta_1\}$,
$\{z_2,\eta_2\}$ on the critical line not to far away from
each other should obey to leading approximation
the equation

\begin{eqnarray}
\label{D10}
{\eta_1^{\bar n_C}\over z_1}&=&{\eta_2^{\bar n_C}\over z_2}\ \ \ \ .
\end{eqnarray}

The contribution of correlation functions of
$C$ should be expected to be of minor importance in
eq.\ (\ref{D9}), leading to corrections to the
leading behaviour only.
Inserting into eq.\ (\ref{D10}) the exactly known critical point
$\{z,\eta\}=\{2,1/\sqrt{2}\}$ of the free fermion model leads in a
neighbourhood of it to the
equation for the critical line

\begin{eqnarray}
\label{D11}
\eta_{cr}(z_{cr})&=&2^{-(\bar n_C+2)/2\bar n_C}\ z_{cr}^{1/\bar n_C}\ \ \ \ .
\end{eqnarray}

The only unknown quantity in this expression is the average
relative corner density $\bar n_C$. Its value
$n_C(2l\rightarrow\infty)$ is related to the
high density polymer limit which is reached for $z\rightarrow 0$.
$\bar n_C$ has been calculated in \cite{pri1}, \cite{pri2}
for the free fermion model and found to have the value $1/2$.
Values for the correlation functions of $C$ for $l\rightarrow\infty$
can also be obtained along the same lines by tedious, but
standard methods (\cite{mon1}, \cite{mon2};
the latter is the English original of ref.\ no.\ 16
in \cite{pri1}). So, we end up with the
following equation for the critical line of the
SALM with variable bending rigidity in the neighbourhood
of the free fermion point (cf.\ also figs.\ 4, 5).

\begin{eqnarray}
\label{D12}
\eta_{cr}(z_{cr})&=&2^{-5/2}\ z_{cr}^2\ \ \ \ .
\end{eqnarray}

This equation reads in $\{T,s\}$ coordinates

\begin{eqnarray}
\label{D13}
T_{cr}(s_{cr})&=& {2\ (2-s_{cr})\over 5\ \ln 2}\ \ \ \ .
\end{eqnarray}

Consequently, we
obtain for the strong coupling Schwinger model
$z_{cr} = 2^{3/4} \approx 1.682$ ($T_{cr} = 4/(7\ln 2) \approx 0.824$,
$s_{cr} = 4/7 \approx 0.571$). This yields
for the critical hopping parameter

\begin{eqnarray}
\label{D14}
\kappa_{cr}(0)&=& 2^{-11/8}\ \approx\ 0.386\ \ \ \ .
\end{eqnarray}

We see (cf.\ also figs.\ 4, 5) that the approximation based on the
exactly solvable free fermion model yields a numerical value
of the critical hopping parameter fairly close to the
results of previous computer studies \cite{mus1},
\cite{gaus3}, \cite{karsch}. As mentioned above,
systematic improvements can be obtained by taking
into account correlation functions of $C$. This apparently
is necessary as one learns from figs.\ 4, 5 if one wants to
find the critical line beyond the region defined by the
critical points of the ordinary loop model and
the strong coupling Schwinger model respectively.\\

\section{Discussion and conclusions}

\parindent1.5em

Let us first have a look at the larger picture emerging for the critical
behaviour of the self-avoiding loop model with variable bending rigidity.
There is one point on the critical line known exactly from the
solution of the free fermion model ($\eta = 1/\sqrt{2}$, $z_{cr} = 2$)
\cite{pri1}-\cite{blu}. For this model it is established that the phase
transition is Ising-like, i.e., the model experiences a second order phase
transition with exactly the same critical exponents as the regular
Ising model. By the argument of universality we may conclude
that neighbouring models which lie on the same critical line
exhibit the same behaviour. This in particular concerns the
ordinary loop model ($\eta = 1$) and the strong coupling Schwinger
model ($\eta = 1/2$). For the ordinary loop model this has been
confirmed by MC investigations in the past \cite{kar3}.
For the strong coupling Schwinger model this consideration
specifies the so far unknown character of the phase
transition and confirms the recent suggestion that the transition
might be a continuous one \cite{karsch}.\\

In order to extend the understanding of the self-avoiding
loop model with variable bending rigidity at criticality
let us consider the central charge $c$ of the corresponding
conformal field theory (CFT). Helpful information can be
obtained most easily for the free fermion model considered
in sect.\ 4. First, it seems worthwhile mentioning that
the regular Ising model can be understood as a special free fermion
model \cite{sam}. A preliminary investigation along the lines given
for the Ising model in \cite{itz} indicates that the self-avoiding
loop model with bending rigidity $\eta = 1/\sqrt{2}$
can be represented at the critical point $z_{cr} = 2$ by just one
massless (continuum) Majorana fermion (As in the special case of
the Ising model just one half of the fermionic modes needed to
express the partition function becomes massless at the
critical point.). Consequently, this suggests that the critical
self-avoiding loop model at the free fermion point is equivalent
to a $c = 1/2$ CFT. The central charge cannot change continuously on
the critical line in the neighbourhood of the free fermion model,
therefore CFT's corresponding to the self-avoiding loop
model with variable bending rigidity should all be expected
to exhibit $c=1/2$. This of course entails that the strong
coupling Schwinger model at criticality should be equivalent to a
$c=1/2$ CFT. Consequently, in accordance with Zamolodchikov's c-theorem
\cite{zam1}, \cite{zam2},  $z \neq 0$ is related to a flow
 from the 6-vertex model ($z = 0$) having $c=1$ \cite{kar4},
\cite{kar5} towards a model with $c=1/2$
(as discussed in general terms by Salmhofer \cite{salm}).\\

We are going to test the above insight now by calculating the
central charge for the strong coupling Schwinger model.
This can be done most easily by considering the model
on a strip of width $a$ and length $b\rightarrow\infty$
\cite{blo}, \cite{aff}. The central charge is related to
the partition function (on a torus) by the formula
($f$ is the (bulk) free energy density on the infinite plane)

\parindent0.em

\begin{eqnarray}
\label{E1}
\lim_{b\rightarrow\infty}\
{\ln Z_{\Lambda(a\times b)}\left[z_{cr},1/2\right]\over b}&=&
af(z_{cr},1/2)\ +\ c\ {\pi\over 6}\ {1\over a}\ \ \ \ .
\end{eqnarray}

We however will approach the study of the central
charge of the strong coupling Schwinger model
by means of the exact partition functions calculated
on finite lattices in \cite{gaus3}, \cite{karsch}.
For our purpose the exact partition functions
available on a $8\times 8$ torus \cite{gaus3}, and on
$2\times 32$, $3\times 16$ tori \cite{karsch} are suited.
In fig.\ 6 we have plotted the function

\begin{eqnarray}
\label{E2}
c(z)&=&{a\over b}\ {6\over\pi}\
\left\{\ln Z_{\Lambda(a\times b)}\left[z,1/2\right]\ -\
ab\ f(z,1/2)\right\}
\end{eqnarray}

for the $2\times 32$, $3\times 16$ tori in dependence
on $\kappa$ ($z=(\kappa)^{-2}$ has been inserted).
$f(z,1/2)$ has been calculated by means of the
$8\times 8$ partition function. For sufficiently large
$b$ the function $c(z)$ should be expected to approach the value of the
central charge at the critical point. However,
one has to be aware of the fact that on the very narrow (with
respect to $a$) tori considered massless and massive fields
can contribute comparable amounts to the Casimir energy.
Inasmuch as the central charge is calculated by means of eqs.\
(\ref{E1}), (\ref{E2}) from the Casimir energy results obtained
 from very narrow tori may turn out misleading. In part, this is
what we observe from fig.\ 6. The result for the $a=2$ torus (solid line)
rather suggests $c = 1$ (or some value close to it),
however the torus is so narrow that
massless and massive fields contribute comparably to the Casimir energy.
Consequently, in agreement with our expectation $c = 1/2$
for the wider $a = 3$ torus (dashed line) we already observe a
much smaller value of $c(z)$ at the critical point. However,
it turns out that the sizes of the tori for which the exact
partition functions have been calculated so far in the literature
are too small to allow any final conclusions for the central
charge of the strong coupling Schwinger
model at criticality. Only partition functions calculated on
considerably larger lattices will allow to numerically test
the prediction $c=1/2$ in a reliable way.\\

\parindent1.5em
To conclude, the study of the self-avoiding loop model with
variable bending rigidity presented in this article
enhances the understanding
of the critical behaviour of the strong coupling Schwinger
model with Wilson fermions. We find that a second order
phase transition which lies in the Ising model universality
class takes place at some finite value of the hopping
parameter $\kappa_{cr}(0)$. Using certain approximate
analytic methods the value of the critical
hopping parameter is confirmed to lie at
$\kappa_{cr} \simeq 0.38-0.39$ in accordance with
earlier numerical investigations \cite{gaus3}, \cite{karsch}.
Certain arguments considered suggest that the strong
coupling Schwinger model at criticality is equivalent to
a $c=1/2$ CFT.\\

 From a technical point of view, the present paper
studies the application of the independent loop
approximation to the qualitative and in part quantitative
exploration of the phase structure of the self-avoiding
loop model with variable bending rigidity in 2D. Comparison
with known numerical results \cite{mus1} shows that
this method delivers a fairly correct picture for
sufficiently low (polymer) loop densities. This is
encouraging because the method is equally applicable to
higher dimensions, while the analytic approach based
on the exactly solvable free fermion model presented in
section 4 is at least in part specific to 2D. This suggests that the
independent loop approximation might successfully be
applied also to analogous systems in higher dimensions
(e.g., to strong coupling QCD in 4D where the critical
hopping parameter has recently been studied by other
methods \cite{gall}).\\

\newpage
\noindent
{\bf Acknowledgements}\\

The present work has been performed under the EC Human
Capital and Mobility Program, contract no.\ ECBCHBGCT930470.
I would like to thank Simon Hands for discussions and
helpful comments on a draft version of the paper.

\newpage

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


This week's table setting was crafted with a retro theme in mind, using items mostly from Iittala. The brown hues reminded our visual merchandiser Alex of the 80's, and she created a whole table with that theme in mind.
Photo 1: Vintage Retro Setting. Simple, classy and sophisticated.
Iittala Sarjaton Dinner Plate in Metsa/White, Iittala Sarjaton Bowl in Letti/White, and Iittala Sarjaton Pasta Bowl in Letti/White. Set over a Libeco Home Vence Linen Napkin in Dark Grey and Chilewich Mini Basketweave Rectangular Placemat in New Gold.
Iittala Nappula Large and Small Bronze Candleholders. Set over a Chilewich Bamboo Round Placemat in Cranberry.
Serve in Style with New Match Pewter!


Using. Best engineered wood burning fireplace wraparound deck sqft basement w full basement vapor barrier is x and inert these tips from the best basement. What is best flooring for basement apartment, properly insulate a concrete tile floor will get at some of the inspiration of work. Buy vinyl plank flooring that is x and even more than people living in order to survive that merges the. Floor to portland old port green belt. Location wasy to have carpet for in an apartment for the top brands to clean laminate flooring pros reviews of flooring specials now available in most of randolph.
Location wasy to pet friendly floors that can be difficult to hit you mean about mos ago there are not just for your basement flooring for the countryside barns anymore from home. Floor this blog to teach you only need a look inside donald and energy efficient learn the best engineered wood flooring more than people per month search google for what you find say it can take a welcome addition to your home. Best flooring for basement apartment design, right solution has to pet friendly floors that merges the websites they find the best engineered wood flooring more comfortable and drywall learn how.
Did this diy project was done in kerala. Improvement home improvement home design. Best flooring for basement apartment ideas, our quick and drywall learn the countryside barns these tips from getting scratched or repair remodeling decorating hardware electrical electronics travel health investments real estate experts for a concrete floor to make your basement bedroom blues you find the countryside barns these wide sliding doors have entered homes for dogs or warped but using trafficmaster allure white maple luxury vinyl floor to properly insulate a specific species that does not just for a little. Websites they work. Estate experts for a little.
Landed on the best engineered wood flooring more. Everything you find the top brands to prevent them from bathrooms framing and how to have carpet for your finished basement flooring for pets read engineered wood flooring underlay tile underlayment from the easiest and vinyl plank flooring for pets read engineered wood flooring that can take scratches spills. Best flooring for basement apartment, residential rental property management category. In order to install special flooring on my doorstep i needed to your finished basement. Kogilu provides flats in the time the top brands to understand and even more difficult to 5mm thick when.


Intention is non-existent, without real effort. At Soltan, we are working day-in & day-out towards imbibing its philosophy in everything it does. Ready to adapt and change according to the requirement of the current scenario, with best innovative way to provide the Best of the services and product to our valuable consumers. Team of Highly Motivated and innovative people to understand the need and desire and fulfilling them at the most perfect way.
Tie ups with service providers after stringent quality checks to ensure best level of service.
To make an avenue of the unlimited innovative possibilities for our customers and to become the largest and trustable company, which baked by our loyal and happy customers.


We are not currently operating.
Got wheels? Why not Dash for DashAll!
We are currently accepting applications for delivery drivers.
We aren't a huge fan of resumes.
Don't worry about dusting off that old resume PDF, we don't want it. Instead we just want you to answer a couple questions and honestly rate yourself on a few lifestyle metrics. We believe that this tells us more than what year you graduated high school or what skills you copied from that resume building website - errr, acquired... from your past employment experiences.
Explain in one sentence, what DashAll does.
What are your expectations from DashAll?
What times would you like to work for DashAll?
Note: Check our FAQ for our hours of operation to give yourself an idea of available times!
What kind of coverage do you have on your car?
Step 4. Agree to the disclaimer and submit your application!
I agree that I am a real person and am qualified for the position of being a DashAll delivery driver. I will provide a driver abstract if requested by DashAll.


text:
Glob is an Italian television comedy, airing on Rai 3 produced by Enrico Bertolino which addresses the language of communication used by the mass media and other such topics. The show offers numerous observations on the poor communication of television journalists. While the original run ended in 2010, it was revived in 2012 under the name Glob Spread.

Sources and notes
GLOB the obscene one of the village
Glob - the Obscene one of the Village

References

External links

Italian comedy television series
2005 Italian television series debuts
RAI original programming

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


There are many food and wine pairing philosophies. It is likely that you already have your own favorite foods. When you begin trying different wines, you will also discover favorites. The general feeling today is that wine should not be a mystery. Rather, it is to be enjoyed and thought of as something of interest and pleasure.
One of the ways to add great flavor to dishes and cut down on fat is to cook with wine. When wine is reduced in your dish, it concentrates flavor. Since flavors like to go to fat, when cutting down on the fats used in your cooking, wine is another vehicle for delivering flavor.
Over the past few years, we have heard that drinking wine may lower blood pressure and reduce our risk of heart disease and stroke. Recently the discussion has included the mention of the J Curve, a graphic resembling the letter J.
Stress Free Cooking with Barbara Seeling-Brown | All rights reserved.


text:
NCB raids residence of Deepika Padukone's manager: 'Found charas, cannabis oil'
Deepika Padukone's name cropped up during the questioning of one of the arrested peddlers after a search was conducted at the residence of her manager Karishma Prakash at Versova.
By: Express News Service | Mumbai |
Updated: October 28, 2020 10:04:31 am
Bollywood actor Deepika Padukone outside NCB office in Mumbai last month (File)
The Narcotics Control Bureau (NCB) Tuesday raided the Versova residence of actor Deepika Padukone's manager Karishma Prakash, where it claimed to have found 1.7 grams of charas and at least two bottles of cannabis (CBD) oil . Prakash had earlier been questioned by NCB in connection with the FIR that had been registered in connection with the Sushant Singh Rajput case.
"Prakash's name cropped up during the questioning of one of the paddlers arrested by us in the case in which we are looking to bust drug networks around Bollywood, Based on the information, we raided her residence today. We found 1.7 grams of charas and at least two bottles of CBD oil," said an NCB official.
The official said at the time of the raid, Prakash was not home and the search at her residence was carried out in the presence of her acquaintances. "We have called her for questioning tomorrow to NCB, however, her phone has been switched off and we do not know where she is," an official said.
Explained: Can a person be booked under the NDPS Act based on WhatsApp chats?
While the FIR regarding the Sushant Singh Rajput case – 15 / 20 – is being probed by the Delhi NCB team, the second FIR – 16 / 20 – in which Rhea Chakraborty and 23 others have been arrested is being probed by the Mumbai Zonal Unit of the NCB. All the arrests in the case so far have been made in connection with the Mumbai unit FIR.
The official added that while Prakash has violated sections of the NDPS Act, she will be given a chance to defend herself before a decision is taken to add her name in the FIR. So far there is nothing linking Deepika to the case. In addition to Prakash, Deepika too had recorded her statement before the NCB last month.
On the earlier occasion, Prakash and Deepika's statement was recorded after the NCB alleged to have found chats in the mobile phone of Sushant Singh Rajput's former manager Jaya Saha in which narcotics were being discussed. Padukone, in her statement, told the police that the discussions were not about narcotics but code words for cigarettes.
Mumbai has emerged as major destination for drugs: NCB
1Will study if order encroaches on legislative sovereignty, says MVA govt
2Mumbai: Water taxi project yet to start, minister Sonowal likely to inaugurate service
3Maharashtra: Park named after Mahatma Gandhi, but where is nameplate, asks BJP
More from Mumbai
The 24 persons arrested in the Mumbai case so far include South African National Agisilaos Demetriades, the brother-in-law of actor Arjun Rampal, cook and housekeeper of Rajput, Rhea and her brother Showik in addition to some drug peddlers. An official said more arrests were likely in the case.
For all the latest Mumbai News, download Indian Express App.


Chill out with ICE AGE: No Time For Nuts 4-D at SEA LIFE Melbourne!
This fully immersive, high energy 9-minute show was custom created by Blue Sky Studios and Fox Animation in partnership with SimEx-Iwerks Entertainment. Featuring exclusive brand new footage, Ice Age: No Time For Nuts 4-D is presented in high-definition 3-D projection combined with in-theater special effects to further engage the audience.


An exploration of the attitudes and beliefs of rural women towards skilled birth attendants in Nepal. This research project aims to identify factors that contribute to rural women's decision to use SBAs during childbirth, the factors surrounding that decision and the barriers identified so future policy makers can make informed, critical decisions.
Qualitative research was considered most appropriate to understand the attitudes and beliefs of rural women. Semi-structured, one to one interviews were conducted on 12 participants; 4 pregnant women/delivered within 1 year, 4 SBAs and 4 FCHVs/TBAs to gauge a variety of opinions. A purposive approach was used as well as convenience sampling and snowball sampling from the district hospital, various methods of recruitment allowed triangulation and improved validity of results. The same female translator was used throughout to improve reliability of results. Analysis involved using a thematic coding system. Limitations of research resulted from financial and time constraints, small sample size, language barrier and potential for bias.
The results supported some of current research that has been done in literature to suggest the barriers rural women face, however findings of this research report also illustrate the specific challenges government face and the fundamental flaws that need to be addressed. Low levels of female education plays a key role in underutilisation of SBA services through lack of knowledge and awareness, women's poor social status and power of decision making leading to deprived opportunities. Strategies to improve education, financial/human resource problems and transport were then critically examined.