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Death in the Haymarket
The Flame That Makes the Kettle Boil
IN SEPTEMBER OF 1877, Albert Parsons, running hard for county office as a socialist, harangued crowds in saloons and railyards, in Turner halls where German immigrants still seethed over the deadly police attacks of July and on street corners in riot-torn Pilsen. Everywhere he went he spoke of the great uprising of July and its bloody suppression.1
When Parsons topped the Workingmen's Party ticket, polling a total of 8,000 votes, his former employer at the Times simply dismissed his tally as "a riot vote" garnered by one of those "long-haired idiots and knaves" who denied the inexorable laws of political economy. 2 The socialists, however, were elated; they had gained favorable public attention and tapped into widespread popular indignation over the behavior of the railroad barons. Up to this point in his young but eventful political life, Albert Parsons had been a reformer, a socialist who believed that as long as workers lived in a republic, they had hope of gaining power through the democratic process. Over the next six years, however, a series of discouraging events would dash that hope and send him down a revolutionary road.
In December of 1877 the Chicago socialists sent a delegation to their party's national convention, where they agreed to merge their party with a new organization, the Socialistic Labor Party. The following spring the party ran a full slate of candidates in all the city's wards, calling for the circulation of paper currency (greenbacks) and for the enactment of an eight-hour day; the socialists also demanded the abolition of vagrancy laws used to punish the unemployed, conspiracy laws used to persecute unionists and convict-lease arrangements used to exploit forced labor and undermine free laborers.3
Albert Parsons, now residing in the 15th Ward, made another impressive showing in a race for a City Council seat, polling 744 votes, just 116 votes fewer than the winner. He believed, however, that he had actually won the election and that Republican election officials had counted him out.4Being cheated out of public office reminded Parsons of the blatant election fraud carried out by Democratic officials in Texas against his old Republican allies. It seemed to matter little which party was in power: the people's will was denied either way. Having served his time as a militia colonel defending freedmen's voting rights in Texas, Parsons was now prepared to take up arms to protect workingmen's voting rights in Chicago. Indeed, some of the German workers who had voted for him in Ward 15 had already done so.
That spring, units of the Lehr und Wehr Verein began drilling in public and deploying their militiamen in defense of socialist meetings and picnics. By the summer, the workers' militia could marshal four companies with several divisions (each with forty men). Its officers explained that the militiamen would act only if workers' constitutional rights were violated, as the police had done when they invaded the cabinetmakers' meeting at the Vorwärts Turner Hall that summer. These assurances failed to calm the nerves of worried city leaders, and when the Bohemian Sharpshooters were observed drilling on a prairie lot outside Pilsen, word spread that the socialists were preparing for an armed insurrection. The Sharpshooters' commander ridiculed the rumor. Albert Parsons, however, spoke in a different tone. "If people try to break up our meetings," he threatened, "as they did at Turner Hall, they will meet foes worthy of their steel."5
The Citizens' Association's leaders took this warning seriously and accelerated their efforts to raise money to arm their own regiment and to push legislators to ban public drilling by the worker units. One year after the great uprising, Chicagoans were hiving off into armed camps.
The city's businessmen, the Tribune reported, openly expressed their alarm at the possibility of "trouble with the Communists" that summer or fall. Perilous days lay ahead, warned the Chicago Inter-Ocean. Poor people were desperate for relief; they were listening to the socialists and questioning the conventional wisdom about economic laws. "There is distrust, dissatisfaction, discontent about us everywhere," the paper's editor declared. "Communism proper has little to do with it, but a common feeling of disgust, discouragement, and uncertainty feeds the flame that makes the communist kettle boil."6
Albert Parsons at about age thirty
BY NOW LUCY PARSONS had joined her husband, Albert, in fanning the flames of discontent. The couple immersed themselves in the city's lively socialist movement and in the cultural life it spawned. By the fall, the Socialistic Labor Party had established four German sections in various neighborhoods, as well as Scandinavian, Bohemian, French and English branches. The party's German newspaper, Der Vorbote, expanded its circulation and its members started a Danish paper, as well as an English paper, the Socialist, which Albert helped to edit. Lucy contributed as well with a mournful poem about poor people "wandering up and down the cheerless earth, aimless, homeless, helpless," as "the cries of their hungry children and the prayers of their despairing wives fell upon them like curses." Lucy also joined Albert in debates sponsored by socialist societies, plunging into the discussions, speaking with her own resonant voice and arguing with what one male observer called "spirit and animation."7
Propelled by young enthusiasts like Albert and Lucy Parsons, the Chicago socialists mounted an ambitious campaign aimed at the spring municipal elections of 1879. They nominated a popular and respected German physician, Dr. Ernest Schmidt, for mayor, and put candidates up for all major offices. 8 The campaign reached a climax in March at an ambitious rally and festival: a lavish celebration of the Paris Commune's eighth anniversary. The socialists rented the largest meeting hall in the city for the event—the enormous Exposition Building on the lakefront, constructed after the fire to showcase the commercial and industrial accomplishments of Chicago. The pageant featured ceremonial maneuvers by 500 armed men who formed units of the Lehr und Wehr Verein, Bohemian Sharpshooters, the Irish Labor Guard and the Scandinavian Jaegerverein. People flocked to the event, and so many of them packed the hall—more than 40,000—that it was impossible to carry out the full program of speaking, singing, dancing and drilling. Still, the event was a spectacular achievement for the socialists and a reminder that the memory of the Paris Commune had acquired mythical power in the minds of many immigrant workers.9
The next day a Tribune editorial asked who were the thousands who had jammed the Exposition Building that night. The answer oozed with contempt. "Skim the purlieus of the Fifth Ward," read the editorial, referring to Irish Bridgeport, "drain the Bohemian socialist slums of the Sixth and Seventh Wards, scour the Scandinavian dives of the Tenth and Fourteenth Wards, cull the choicest thieves from Halsted and Desplaines Street, pick out from Fourth Avenue, Jackson Street, Clark Street and State Street and other noted haunts the worst specimens of female depravity, scatter in all the red-headed, cross-eyed and frowsy servant girls in three divisions of the city and bunch all these together . . . [and] you have a pretty good idea of the crowd that made up last night's gathering."10
The socialists knew, however, that their pageant had attracted many respectable immigrants—merchants, builders, musicians, teachers, doctors, tradesmen and saloonkeepers who still resented the Tribune and its haughty editor. They remembered well that Medill, as mayor, had offended them, not only with his hostile words but with his attempts to close their saloons on Sundays and to stop them from rebuilding their wooden homes after the Great Fire.
City elections in Chicago were usually fought out over issues like tax rates, building codes, construction contracts and saloon regulations, but in 1879 the socialists addressed economic issues that concerned unemployed workers as well as consumers, saloonkeepers and home owners. Voters were startled by the socialists' dashing confidence and the boldness of their proposals, such as municipal ownership of the streetcar lines and utilities, which were owned and operated by high-handed monopolists. 11
Dr. Schmidt finished third in the spring election of 1879, polling 12,000 votes. The socialist vote constituted only one-fifth of the total, but it was large enough to deny a victory to the Republicans, who, since 1860, had always prevailed in two-party races with the Democrats. Dr. Schmidt had attracted support from German and Scandinavian tradesmen and professionals who had traditionally supported the Republican Party, as well as from saloonkeepers and brewery owners angered by the Grand Old Party's zeal for temperance reform. As a result, Kentucky-born Carter Henry Harrison became the city's first Democratic mayor since the Civil War.12
The businessmen who led the city's Republican Party were furious about losing control of City Hall so soon after they had won it back from the immigrant People's Party, but socialists like Albert and Lucy Parsons were in high spirits, riding the waves of a surging political movement and anticipating the birth of their son, Albert, Jr., who was expected in September.
Lucy's pregnancy did not slow her down; indeed, she escalated her political efforts by joining the new Chicago Working Women's Union and helping to expose the plight of female domestic servants, who could be dismissed by their mistresses without notice if accused of "misconduct." Here she encountered a small but brilliant constellation of radical women that included Lizzie Swank, a frail young woman of Yankee stock. Swank could have joined the Daughters of the American Revolution, but instead she adopted her mother's libertarian beliefs and began writing for the provocative anarchist paper Lucifer. Attracted to Chicago from Iowa by the great uprising of 1877, Swank found work in a sewing shop and soon after joined the Working Women's Union. There she met Lucy Parsons, who persuaded her new friend to join the insurgent socialist movement. The two young women bonded immediately and plunged into radical activism with abandon. In the summer of 1879 they took part in a joyous three-day festival around the Fourth of July, riding on top of a float decorated with pink cloth and ribbons bearing banners praising STRENGTH OF UNION and promising world peace in these words: WHEN WOMAN IS ADMITTED TO THE COUNCIL OF NATIONS, WAR WILL COME TO AN END, FOR WOMAN KNOWS THE VALUE OF LIFE.13
The high hopes of summer did not last, however, for in the fall elections the socialists' vote plummeted. The German distillers, brewers, tavern owners and saloonkeepers who voted for Dr. Schmidt in the spring as a protest against the antisaloon elements in the Republican Party returned to the ranks of the Grand Old Party in 1880 after party leaders assured them their breweries and beer gardens would remain open. Democratic workers, who had favored the socialist program for public relief, found the demand less compelling when the long depression finally ended. The party's ward bosses soon shepherded most of these stray workingmen back into the fold. What is more, the newly elected Democratic mayor, the shrewd charmer Carter Harrison, offered city jobs to socialists, who eagerly joined the mass of job seekers flooding City Hall.
Socialistic Labor Party militants angrily branded the office seekers opportunists and accused some of their leaders of corruption. Faction fights raged among former comrades. The quarreling socialists patched up their differences and put a ticket in the field for the spring elections in 1881, but the party had lost its dash and its sense of common purpose. Socialist vote totals fell in all but one ward on the Northwest Side, where Frank Stauber won reelection to the council—only to be counted out by two election judges who brazenly stuffed the ballot boxes. For many socialists like Albert Parsons, already dejected by the fickle habits of Chicago voters, this blatant case of fraud crushed what little faith they retained in the efficacy of the ballot. "It was then," Parsons remembered, "that I began to realize the hopeless task of political reformation."14
AT THIS POINT, disillusioned radicals like Albert Parsons and August Spies bolted the Socialistic Labor Party. The rebel faction, which included most of the Chicago party's German members, believed that running candidates for office was futile without the thorough organization of workers into aggressive, unified trade unions. Incumbent party leaders, mostly English-speaking socialists, insisted that trade unions serve as auxiliaries to their party. There was another bone of contention. The dominant group objected to armed workers' organizations because they frightened potential socialist voters, while the militants maintained that their meetings and rallies would be attacked if left undefended, and that, even if their candidates gained public office, they would simply be removed without an armed force to defend them. These debates hardened hearts and closed minds, leading passionate young socialists like Parsons and Spies to reject electoral politics completely. 15
The argument among socialists over the workers' militia became even more heated when the Citizens' Association succeeded in persuading the legislature to outlaw the activity of such militias. The Supreme Court of Illinois upheld this ban on armed marches of proletarian militiamen— a decision Parsons and Spies denounced as a clear violation of the Second Amendment of the U.S. Constitution, which protected citizens' rights to bear arms.16
This court decision seemed like a seismic political event to both young men. Parsons, grandson of a patriot militia commander in the American Revolution and a militia colonel in his own right, and Spies, who had drilled with the Lehr und Wehr Verein, would frequently refer to what they regarded as a monumental injustice in the court's decision: the businessmen's First Regiment would continue to arm itself and conduct drills on public streets, but the workers' self-defense groups would be banned. The decision provoked an enduring sense of anxiety and hostility among Chicago socialists, who now believed the Bill of Rights no longer protected them, but only their sworn enemies.17
In order to convince other workers that a crisis was at hand, the socialist militants took control of the party's daily German-language newspaper, Arbeiter-Zeitung, which was nearly bankrupt. The dissidents hired August Spies to manage this publication as well as the weekly Vorbote and the socialist Sunday paper Die Fackel. Reviving the socialist press was a discouraging venture, because the party was so weak and divided, but Spies leapt at the challenge. He found a capable assistant in Oscar Neebe, a well-traveled young man who had left his birthplace, New York City, and come to Chicago at the age of sixteen. He worked first in a German saloon near the McCormick Reaper Works, where he heard molders and blacksmiths talk bitterly about the 1867 eight-hour campaign and its betrayal. Then, after several stints as a cook on lake vessels, Neebe found work at good wages in a stove factory, where he labored until 1877, when he was fired and blacklisted for defending the rights of other workers. Neebe endured months of near starvation before he found work selling compressed yeast, a job that took him all over the city and into the company of August Spies.18
Spies, who owned his own shop, and Neebe, who had worked as a salesman, used their business skills to boost sales of all three socialist newspapers, and in just a few years they turned their Socialistic Publishing Company into a flourishing business. In the process, the daily Arbeiter-Zeitung became for thousands of German-speaking workingmen what the Chicago Daily Tribune was for native-born businessmen. Spies's mastery of German, his skill as a speaker and writer, his knowledge of world politics and his sense of outrage over injustice made his editorials and essays well known to thousands of immigrant workers in his adopted land. Indeed, in no American city did a radical journalist speak to an audience of the size August Spies reached in Chicago.19
August Spies (left) and Oscar Neebe
Using his influence as an opinion shaper, Spies helped convene a meeting of militants who shared a sense of urgency about what they viewed as a vast conspiracy to deprive working people of their rights. The congress at a North Side Turner hall in October 1881 aimed at attracting all socialists "weary of compromise and desirous of accomplishing the social revolution by means other than political action."20 Some delegates who came from New York City had already given up on electoral politics and taken up the revolutionary banner. Indeed, a few of them reported with high excitement on a meeting just concluded in London, where a band of revolutionaries had decided to revive the International Workingmen's Association, the organization Karl Marx had dissolved when he feared it would be captured by the anarchist followers of Mikhail Bakunin.
The London meeting had pulsated with talk about the Russian nihilists who had recently stunned the western world by assassinating Czar Alexander II. The result of this act was not the rising of the peasants envisioned by the conspirators, however, but rather a wave of savage repression that shattered the revolutionary movement. Still, this reaction from the czar's forces did not discourage Bakunin's London followers; indeed, they made the Russian conspirators into martyrs and vowed to follow their example. 21
The anarchists who formed the new International Working People's Association in London acted on their belief that socialist propaganda could not effectively reach workers through trade unions and political parties; nor would revolutionary change result from strikes, mass demonstrations and election campaigns. If the Reichstag of Germany could ban the most powerful socialist party in the world and if the imperial troops could crush any demonstration or strike, then revolutionaries must resort to a new method—"propaganda by deed." These revolutionaries believed that an attentat, a violent act planned by a secret conspiracy and committed by a dedicated militant, could impress the world with the evil of the despotic state and with the fearless determination of those who intended to destroy it. Many European anarchists believed such deeds would terrorize the authorities who were targeted, arouse the masses and trigger a popular insurrection.22
The new "Black International" formed in London would become a "fearful specter in the eyes of governments throughout the Western Hemisphere, which suspected it of being the directing power behind various acts of assassination and terror committed in the ensuing decades," according to the historian Paul Avrich. These suspicions were "utterly without foundation," however, because the International existed as little more than an information bureau that led a "phantom existence and soon faded into oblivion."23 The one city where the Black International attracted an impressive following among workers was Chicago.
DURING THE 1880S Chicago's total population increased by 118 percent— a rate of growth five times faster than that of New York City. The city's foreign-born population doubled, reaching 450,000, a total that made immigrant Chicago larger than the total population of St. Louis or any other city in the Midwest, a total swollen by thousands of impoverished Polish Catholic peasants and Jewish refugees from the ghettos of Russia.24 To many native-born Protestants, who constituted but one-fifth of the city's people, it seemed that Chicago had become "a foreign city," a place that now contained "more Germans than Anglo-Saxons." 25
Political refugees from Germany formed a small but outstanding segment of this new immigrant population. For example, among the embittered German exiles who escaped Bismarck's police forces came the well-known socialist Paul Grottkau. Born in 1846 to a noble family of Brandenburg, he went to Berlin to study architecture but became a stone-mason instead. Grottkau soon became a prominent socialist editor and organizer, and was forced to flee Germany when the antisocialist law took effect in 1878. The exile made his way to Chicago and immediately joined the Socialistic Labor Party, whose members already knew him by reputation. A compelling speaker and writer, Grottkau became editor of the Arbeiter-Zeitung and a role model for August Spies and other young Germans who joined him when he led the revolt of socialist militants against the party's leadership. Like Grottkau, these young Turks began calling themselves Social Revolutionaries.26
Another newcomer from Germany, Michael Schwab, would soon fall under Grottkau's influence as well. Schwab was born along the Main River in northern Bavaria and raised in a prosperous family of devout Catholic peasants until he was orphaned at the age of sixteen. Forced to support himself, the youth became apprenticed to a struggling bookbinder for whom he worked sixteen hours a day. During the rest of the time he devoured books as fast as he could lay his hands on them. Soon after he joined a bookbinders' union, its socialist leaders converted young Michael to the cause. Volunteering as an agitator in the weaving towns, Schwab was appalled by the condition of workers, who ate thin, brown bread and fat for dinner, and by the factory owners, who made young working girls their mistresses. After this disheartening life on the road as a traveling "trades fellow," Schwab left his fatherland behind forever, having learned that political liberty without economic freedom was "a mocking lie."27
The studious Schwab brought these views with him to America in 1879. When he first arrived in Chicago, the bookish Bavarian kept aloof from all organizations and spent his energy studying the English language and reading American history. Eventually he discovered that bookbinders were paid no better in his adopted city than they were in Hamburg and that, here too, thousands of children were "worked to perdition." In 1881, when Schwab could get no work as a bookbinder, he found a job translating an American romance into German for Arbeiter-Zeitung. His skill impressed editor Grottkau, who hired him as a reporter for the daily. Before long, Schwab had resumed his life as a socialist agitator. He attended many meetings where German comrades delivered elaborate speeches and long denunciations of their rivals. But even a dedicated social revolutionary like Schwab was bored by all this talk. Yearning to be inspired, he joined a throng of German workers who packed into the North Side Turner Hall one night in October 1882 to hear a speech by the notorious firebrand Johann Most.28
Most, already well known to Chicago's German socialists as a revolutionary agitator and bold provocateur, was born an illegitimate child to poor parents at Augsburg, Germany, in 1846. He lost his mother to cholera when he was a little boy, and then endured a bitter childhood under the rule of a stepmother. At age thirteen his miserable life worsened when a botched operation on his jaw disfigured him and crushed his hopes for a career on the stage. His misery deepened after he apprenticed himself to a cruel master bookbinder.29
Ridiculed and ostracized because of his deformity, Most found solace in reading books after he finished a long day of binding them. Resentful and embittered, he left Germany when he was nineteen and wandered through Switzerland, where he lived in isolation until, in Zurich, he met some socialist workers who befriended him and shared their ideas with him. "From then on," he recalled, "I began to feel like a human being." 30
Dedicating his life to "the cause of humanity," Most returned to Germany and threw himself into the burgeoning socialist movement. A tireless organizer, orator, songwriter, pamphleteer and popularizer of Marx's Das Kapital, he even won election to the Reichstag for two terms. But when Bismarck launched his assault on the socialists, Most was arrested and imprisoned. Upon release, he left Germany for London, where he published his own newspaper, Freiheit, and used it to attack all authority with boundless fervor.
When Most wrote an ecstatic response to the assassination of the czar in 1881, British authorities jailed him. After enduring sixteen months of hard labor, the agitator emerged from prison a hero and a martyr to German revolutionaries in exile around the world.
When Johann Most reached Chicago in 1882, 6,000 people came to hear him speak. The crowd spilled into the aisles and massed outside to hear his furious bombastic attacks on the capitalists and their government lackeys, who had already declared class war on the poor. Speaking in English with a heavy German accent and performing like a seasoned actor, Most elicited thunderous applause from the huge immigrant audience, who found him shocking, entertaining and enthralling at the same time. Many immigrant workers who heard him speak were thrilled by his acidic diatribes against the rich and powerful and excited by his talk of manning the barricades and dynamiting police stations. Utterly contemptuous of election campaigns and legislative reforms, he insisted on direct action and revolutionary violence.31
Johann Most
Most galvanized young German socialists like August Spies and Michael Schwab, who felt mired in the tedium of their own propaganda. Though they were thrilled by Most's speeches, Chicago's social revolutionaries did not form conspiracies or launch violent assaults on the authorities. Most appealed to them more on visceral or emotional terms than on practical ones; indeed, the city's revolutionaries remained convinced by Marx and Engels that the road to socialism was a long one and that there were no shortcuts through individual acts of terror. And so, in 1883, Spies, Schwab and their comrades patiently set out to organize new clubs of Social Revolutionaries and to expand the circulation of their paper, the Arbeiter-Zeitung.
ALBERT PARSONS WAS ONE of the few Americans who played a prominent role in this activity because he shared the young Germans' belief that workers needed their own clubs and newspapers to absorb revolutionary ideas just as they needed their own militia to defend their rights; yet a truly powerful and radical workers' movement required something more as well: a unifying issue and a solidifying organization. Parsons found the issue in the old eight-hour demand, and he found the organization in a mysterious order called the Knights of Labor.
Founded in 1869, the Noble and Holy Order of the Knights of Labor existed secretly in a few eastern cities for several years and then emerged out of the shadows to hold its first national assembly a few months after the 1877 railroad strike.32 Albert Parsons had joined the order on July 4, 1876, a time when the organization was little more than a fraternal order of craftsmen with elaborate rituals, mostly borrowed from the Masons. The mystic aura of the Knights attracted him, as did their moral code, one that glorified chivalrous manhood and generous fraternity. The young printer also believed that the Knights could create a genuine "brotherhood of toil" among men of different crafts, religions, races and nationalities, even among men who fought on opposing sides in the Civil War. Furthermore, he shared the conviction of the order's founders that the wage system created opposing classes and caused bloody conflicts, and that it should be replaced by a cooperative economy that would allow dependent wage workers to become independent producers. Soon after he joined the Noble and Holy Order, Parsons linked up with his comrade George Schilling and founded the first Chicago assembly of the Knights, later known as the "old 400."33
Meanwhile, Parsons tried, almost single-handedly, to revive the eight-hour crusade Chicago workers had abandoned after their devastating defeat in 1867. He invited the legendary founder of the Eight-Hour League, Ira Steward, to the city and then joined the old man in an effort to create a new movement that would "band together all workers" of all races and all nationalities into "one grand labor brotherhood." In 1882, Parsons's hopes for such a movement suddenly rose when union carpenters walked out to reduce their workweek and German bakers struck to reduce their long, hot workday, which averaged more than fifteen hours and often stretched to seventeen or eighteen. These job actions confirmed the view of Parsons and other socialists that the eight-hour system could be achieved only through direct action by workers, not by laws that could be subverted by judges, ignored by elected officials and defied by employers.34
Such a transformation would not occur without a new kind of labor movement that amalgamated the fractured trade unions into one solidified organization. The few existing trade unions, based largely on the power of craftsmen like carpenters, cigar makers and ironworkers, had formed a new national Federation of Organized Trades and Labor Unions in 1881, but no unified action had taken place as a result. The first sign of change came in March 1882, when a group of German tanners struck and demanded a wage equal to that of the more skilled English-speaking curriers. When employers refused the demand, the curriers struck in support with the immigrant tanners. This action astounded the Chicago Tribune, because the curriers acted not on the basis "of any grievance of their own, but because of a sentimental and sympathetic feeling for another class of workmen." The sympathy strike even surprised the editor of the trades council newspaper, who said it was "something new and wonderful." The seventy-two-day exercise in solidarity was, according to the Illinois Bureau of Labor Statistics, "one of the most remarkable on record," an action "conducted on the principle of the Knights of Labor which proclaims that 'an injury to one is the concern of all.' "35 Suddenly, a group of divided workers actually demonstrated the ideal of working-class solidarity espoused by dreamers like Albert Parsons.
A few weeks later the Knights of Labor found a new constituency among Irish brickyard workers on the Southwest Side who took a job action to restore wage rates cut during the long depression. The Knights advised the strikers to refrain from the violence that had characterized earlier protests in what police called the "terror district." After hearing these assurances, Mayor Carter Harrison ordered the police to stay out of the conflict. Unable to shield strikebreakers from running a gauntlet of verbal abuse by the strikers, their families and their neighbors, the brickyard owners conceded to their workers' demands and the Knights' prestige soared. 36
During the spring of 1882 hundreds of immigrant workers in Chicago became Knights of Labor—butchers and packinghouse workers in the stockyards, brick makers and iron rollers on Goose Island, blacksmiths and brass finishers on the West Side, dry-goods clerks and telegraphers in the downtown business district. Besides trade assemblies for skilled workers, the Knights created mixed assemblies to reach out to unskilled workers of all kinds: female bookbinders, shoe stitchers and carpet weavers, even 7,000 "sewing girls" who toiled in clothing factories.37
In the summer of 1883 one assembly of the Knights felt confident enough to challenge one of the nation's most important monopolies, the Western Union Telegraph Company, controlled by railroad magnate Jay Gould. The telegraphers formed an assembly of the Knights, and when Western Union's president refused to talk with them, the operators struck on July 19, 1883. Even the religious press, uniformly hostile to strikes and to unions, supported the walkout, because it was conducted peacefully, and above all because it was caused by a monopoly company under the control of the notorious speculator Gould. Harper's Weekly expressed amazement that several thousand men and women in the United States and Canada had quit work at precisely the same moment and had then managed their strike with "great skill and marvelous precision." The journal said that Western Union had displayed a "grasping and unscrupulous attitude" toward its operators, but its editor worried that the walkout would cause a disastrous breakdown of the nation's communication system.38
The telegraphers' unified action caused an enormous stir in Chicago, where Western Union was headquartered and where the nation's railroads and commodity markets were centered. No city depended more upon instant telegraph communications. Yet the strikers won widespread public support, despite the "universal inconvenience" caused by their actions. All trade unionists and many small businessmen avidly supported the telegraphers in their brave stand against the mighty Gould empire. To Albert Parsons and the socialists, the strike represented far more than a moral stand against monopoly power. At one packed meeting of strikers and their supporters, Parsons likened the union telegraphers to his own printers, referring to both groups as "brain workers" whose fingers controlled the composition and flow of information so essential to modern business and government. These highly skilled workers were quite capable of running the nation's communications industry without the likes of profiteers like Jay Gould in the way.39
Expressions of solidarity with the telegraphers, including Parsons's eloquent outburst, did not, however, arouse tangible support in the form of strike relief or sympathetic action. When the aid the strikers expected from the Knights of Labor did not arrive, the head of the telegraphers' union called off the strike and ordered the men back to work. Those who returned to Western Union were required to sign "an ironclad oath" pledging not to join any labor organization.40
The telegraphers' defeat added to the woes of the Chicago Knights, who, after the spectacular strikes of 1882 and the heady months of expansion that followed, now faced employers who refused to recognize the order or to arbitrate disputes with them. By the fall of 1883 the Knights' hopes of organizing 50,000 workers in Chicago had faded and their ranks had dwindled to a mere 1,000 members.41
IT WAS UNDER these sobering circumstances in October 1883 that Albert Parsons and August Spies boarded a train for Pennsylvania, where they would meet with other social revolutionaries to create a new organization that would prepare workers for what they saw as the hard and bitter struggle ahead. The Chicago militants joined other trade union delegates in Pittsburgh, where they announced the creation of the International Working People's Association (IWPA), a militant body dedicated to "agitation for the purpose of organization [and] organization for the purpose of rebellion." The manifesto they addressed to the workingmen of America began by quoting Thomas Jefferson's "justification for armed resistance" in a situation "when a long train of abuses and usurpations" created an "absolute despotism."42
The Pittsburgh Manifesto, written in part by August Spies and Johann Most, rejected formal political institutions as agencies of a propertied class that was becoming richer every day by stealing the labor of others. This system of exploitation of the laborer by the capitalist would continue until "the misery of the wage-workers is forced to the extreme." There was no possibility of voluntary relief: "all attempts in the past to reform this monstrous system by peaceable means, such as the ballot, have been futile, and all such future efforts must necessarily be so." 43
Spies and Parsons returned to Chicago, distributed copies of the Pittsburgh Manifesto and organized about a dozen little clubs for the IWPA. But with business booming, the Knights of Labor fading from view and the socialist movement reduced to two small camps of warring sects, there seemed little likelihood that workers would notice, let alone respond to, the bold declarations of a few frustrated union militants with revolution on their minds.
The socialists realized that most workers in Chicago maintained ancestral loyalties to their own kind and endured their hardships with surprisingly little complaint; this passivity seemed especially pronounced among devout Catholics of peasant origin. Most of these wage earners, especially immigrants, remained intimidated by the police and the businessmen's militia and indebted to their employers and local patronage bosses for their jobs. They yearned for lives of security and comfort, not for futures filled with struggle and strife. Even the best socialist propagandist in the city, August Spies, had not overcome his fear that most workingmen were "simply tools of custom"— "automatons incapable of thinking and reasoning for themselves." And even the best socialist agitator in the city, Albert Parsons, did not hide his fear that the new eight-hour movement was doomed to defeat by its enemies. "I know," he said, "that defenseless men, women and children must finally succumb to the power of the discharge, black-list and lockout . . . enforced by the militiaman's bayonet and the policeman's club."44
And yet, despite their doubts and fears, Spies and Parsons remained active in the Knights of Labor and the eight-hour campaign because they wanted to be part of a broader class movement and not stand aloof from the mass of workers. Moreover, they had convinced themselves, against all sorts of discouraging evidence, that workers would rise up again, as they had in 1877, that workers would be impelled by forces they felt but did not wholly understand to move unconsciously and irresistibly toward social revolution. This, they believed, was the natural order of things, the logical outcome of the events they had witnessed during the violent years that had passed since they came to Chicago as young tradesmen hoping to improve themselves.
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Home Latest News Sri Lanka confident of support at UN Security Council
Sri Lanka confident of support at UN Security Council
24 March 2021 12:41 pm - 6 - {{hitsCtrl.values.hits}}
Sri Lanka is confident of securing support of its domestic accountability process at the UN Security Council.
Media Minister Keheliya Rambukwella said that if any attempt is made to impose trade sanctions on Sri Lanka through the UN Security Council, such attempt is unlikely to get support.
He said that Sri Lanka has the backing of a majority of the countries with veto powers in the UN Security Council.
Speaking at the post cabinet press briefing, Rambukwella noted that the resolution on Sri Lanka adopted by the UN Human Rights Council is non-binding.
He said that Sri Lanka will prepare a strong response to the resolution to be presented to the UN by September.
The resolution on Sri Lanka which was adopted by the UN Human Rights Council took immediate effect with the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) beginning the process to closely monitor Sri Lanka.
Monitoring Sri Lanka will be carried out immediately with existing staff while other related work will be implemented once the UN General Assembly approves funding later this year.
The United States, EU and a number of other countries are among the cosponsors of the resolution, some with no voting rights in the UN Human Rights Council.
The resolution has called on the Office of the High Commissioner to enhance its monitoring and reporting on the situation of human rights in Sri Lanka, including on progress in reconciliation and accountability.
OHCHR has also been told to present an oral update to the Human Rights Council at its forty-eighth session, and a written update at its forty-ninth session and a comprehensive report that includes further options for advancing accountability at its fifty-first session, both to be discussed in the context of an interactive dialogue. (By Easwaran Rutnam)
ravin Wednesday, 24 March 2021 02:32 PM
Do not worry much. There may be enough balconies.
Senaka Wednesday, 24 March 2021 04:37 PM
If everything is fine why are you grumbling so much.
Colin Wednesday, 24 March 2021 04:54 PM
I do agree that the resolution at the UNHCR is non binding. However what will be the result of we don't comply? Won't it put us more deeper into trouble? Let wiser council prevail and find a way out than go confronting with this world body. Don't forget we have a three billion dollar export market with the EU and a billion dollar wth the US especially garments both countries backers of this resolution
CITIZEN Wednesday, 24 March 2021 05:20 PM
You are now confident of support at UN. Your colleague the famous Professor said 21 countries had assured support at the UNHRC. Is this your wishful thinking? You people are quite clever at fooling the people noh!!!
Parakramabahu Wednesday, 24 March 2021 09:52 PM
Yes congratulations
Sam Thursday, 25 March 2021 05:31 PM
Just another teledrama for the viewers.
Hotel, room rates skyrocket due to increasing tourist arrivals: AASL head
"As a refugee, my family fled a country" SL born billionaire responds to criticism
Son of arrested doctor makes controversial statement against police

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The threat of a "nuclear weapon detonation event," be it accidental or deliberate, is now the highest it's been since the end of the Cold War, 26 years ago, a UN agency has warned, saying the risk is rising as relations between nuclear powers deteriorate.
With over 15,000 nuclear weapons possessed by nine states, the world now appears "full of potential for catastrophe," warns a comprehensive study from the UN Institute for Disarmament Research (UNIDIR).
"The threat of a nuclear weapon detonation event in 2017 is arguably at its highest in the 26 years since the collapse of the Soviet Union," said the research paper composed by several reputed scholars and disarmament experts.
Nuclear deterrence was, and still is, the backbone of the military strategies of many world powers. Overall, nine states – the US, Russia, China, the UK, France, India, Pakistan, North Korea, and Israel – possess more than 15,000 warheads, and global investment in the modernization and development of new, more capable and mobile nuclear weapons continues to rise.
One of the major factors threatening global security is the current state of US-Russia relations, the researchers argued.


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Farouk Al-Baz Kuwait Prize
KFAS congratulates Dr. Farouk Al-Baz One of the Kuwait Prize Winners
The Director General of the Kuwait Foundation for the Advancement of Sciences, Dr. Khaled Al-Fadhel, congratulated the Arab space scientist Dr. Farouk Al-Baz, for being one of the winners of the Kuwait Prize for 2020, awarded annually by the Foundation. Dr. Al-Fadhel expressed his appreciation for the great efforts made by Dr. Al-Baz in completing various encyclopaedias and conducting scientific studies about the State of Kuwait.
Speaking with Dr. Al-Baz, the Director General praised his admirable career working in the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), his great contributions in the field of Moon and Space exploration, as well as his distinguished scientific studies related to determining the landing sites on the moon for the Apollo missions.
On his part, Dr. Al-Baz expressed his pride and pleasure for winning the prestigious Kuwait Prize awarded by the Kuwait Foundation for the Advancement of Sciences. He also pointed to the great and much appreciated efforts made by the Foundation in supporting science and scientists, stressing his long and continuing association with the Foundation in the scientific field.
He also talked about his relationship with the State of Kuwait, which dates back to 1974, when he first visited the country to meet His Highness the late Amir Sheikh Sabah Al-Salem Al-Sabah, may God rest his soul. He added that since then he visited Kuwait on many occasions to cooperate on multiple scientific topics.
Regarding the Chinese rocket that was hovering in space before falling back towards Earth, Dr. Al-Baz pointed to previous incidents of space rockets that went out of their controlled path and fell into the oceans. He said that there are many gaps in several regions of the world, including Egypt and the Arabian Peninsula, due to the fall of meteors and comets on them.
The great interest for the Chinese rocket's issue is due to its large size and high speed, said Dr. Al-Baz. He also stressed that when the rocket enters the atmosphere, it will break up into multiple parts, some of which may be large and could withstand the heat of friction and reach the surface of the earth. It is highly likely that it would fall in the seas or in uninhabited lands, concluded Dr. Al-Baz.
Following its disintegration over the Arabian sea after entering the atmosphere, China's space agency announced on Sunday morning that the remains of the rocket have crashed into the Indian Ocean, at 72.47° East and 2.65° North, an area located in the southwestern region of India and Sri Lanka.
The debris from the 18-tonne rocket are considered one of the largest space debris in decades to have fallen back through the atmosphere towards Earth.


A tummy tuck – technically referred to as abdominoplasty – is a surgical procedure which removes excess skin and fat from the middle and lower abdominal area while tightening the muscles of the abdominal wall. The procedure can dramatically improve your appearance by reducing the size of a protruding abdomen. Bear in mind, however, that a tummy tuck does produce a permanent scar which, depending on the extent of the original problem and the surgery required to correct it, can extend from hip to hip.
If you're considering abdominoplasty, this will give you a basic understanding of the procedure-when it can help, how it's performed, and what results you can expect. It can't answer all of your questions, since a lot depends on the individual patient and the surgeon. Please ask your surgeon about anything you don't understand.
The best candidates for tummy tucks are men or women who are in relatively good shape but are bothered by large fat deposits or loose abdominal skin that won't respond to diet or exercise. The surgery is particularly helpful to women who, because of multiple pregnancies, have had their abdominal muscles and skin stretched beyond the point where they can return to normal. Older patients who have experienced a loss of skin elasticity (which frequently occurs in cases of slight obesity) can also frequently benefit from a tummy tuck.
Patients who intend to lose a great deal of weight are advised to postpone the surgery until after the weight is lost. Also, women who plan future pregnancies should wait to have a tummy tuck, as vertical muscles in the abdomen that are tightened during surgery can separate again during pregnancy. If you have scarring from previous abdominal surgery, you may want to carefully consider whether you want to have the tummy tuck procedure performed, since the resulting scars can be unusually prominent as a result.
It is worth considering that, if your fat deposits are limited to the area below the navel, a less complex procedure known as a partial abdominoplasty or a "mini-tummy tuck" may produce satisfactory results, and this type of plastic surgery can often be performed on an outpatient basis. Whether you opt for a partial or complete tummy tuck, a better body contour may be achieved if the procedure is accompanied by liposuction to remove fat deposits from the hips. And in some cases, liposuction alone may be sufficient to produce the desired results.
Please contact Dr. Peterson today at (281) 836-4576 for more information regarding a tummy tuck, or any of the other plastic surgery procedures offered at his office in Houston, TX. A new and better you is only a phone call away!


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Wayde's presented his debut performance internationally during '2010 World Junior Championships in Athletics' and finished 4th. In 2011, Wayde was of 18 years old showed up his senior best at South African Athletics Championships and granted by the title of 200m that significantly increases his income. Henceforth, Wayde conquered the 4*400 meters at 2013 Summer Universiade and achieved bronze and collected a silver medal too in 2014 Commonwealth Games for a 400 m race. Moreover, Wayde was also chosen to present South Africa at 2013 and 2015 Athletics World Championships.
In 2015's championship, Wayde took the gold medal for 400 meters race. Two years later, he again participates in the same event and scored a silver medal in 200 meters race.
From South Africa, Wayde picked up for 2016 Olympic Games and won the gold medal in Men's 400 metres race and set a World Record time record of 43.03 sec at the age of 24 and became the notable sprinter of all time. Furthermore, he also made the record of covering 100m race in just 10 secs, 200m race in 20 sec and 400m race within 44 sec and became the first men in the history to make these records respectively.
Wayde had made most of his income from his professional career but he is also involved in endorsement activities. It is observed that in the future, Niekerk net worth will increase enormously.
The Wayde van Niekerk net worth 2019 is around $3 Million.
Previously, Wayde was selected as a brand ambassador for Audi Sports. Hence, he has driven the fastest sports cars like the Audi RS 3 Sportback.
The current Wayde van Niekerk Endorsements detail will publicize soon.
Rising athlete of South Africa Wayde van Niekerk was born on July 15, 1992, in Cape Town. He is the son of Wayne van Niekerk (father) and Odessa Swarts (mother). His mother was an ardent runner too. He went to Bellville Primary for primary education and then enrolled in Grey College. Wayde was also a student at the University of the Free State.


Matt Richmond has worked at the Children's Home of Jefferson County for more than 10 years.
Over time, Richmond says the need to help at-risk youth has increased, and so has the number of programs at the agency.
"In the years I've been here when I first started, there were only about 3 programs. We've enhanced that to over 20 programs at this time, so there's a consistent need to helping people in our community," he said.
In all of its programs, the children's home helps more than 3,000 people across the north country each year.
A job fair was held Thursday, inviting people to apply for 20 available jobs in the short term intensive residential program, known as "STIR."
It's a mentoring opportunity for people to work with adolescents ages 10 to 16.
"Direct care staff with the kids from the time they wake up to the time they go to bed, so 24/7 coverage," said Richmond.
The last job fair the children's home hosted brought in about 80 applicants to fill 20 positions. This time around they're hoping for the same turnout.
The agency is also looking to fill extra positions for the Raise The Age program. It's one of 13 facilities across New York State that will be housing juvenile offenders ages 16 and 17.
"It's really designed to help those kids have a better chance at their future, giving them the skills and education they need to be productive members of our entire community," said Michelle Monnat, director of systems administration.
Once the 20 applicants have been hired, they will start training immediately to add to around 300 employees who currently work there.


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Little Brown Church In The Bayou Big Band Hymns Youtube
The seven-year-old daughter of the singer, 37, and Jay Z, 49, performs her own rendition of hymn Lift Every Voice and Sing. The new Netflix flick also shared new images of Blue's little siblings,
Specifically, the energy of an HBCU band performance, which is the highlight of. For decades, black people sang the hymn at community meetings, in church, at assemblies, rallies and events; in.
Martin Wills with Eddie Cash, Chicago, 1960 Eddie Cash R.I.P. Posted Sept. 22, 2016 – I am sorry to let you know about the passing of Edward "Eddie" Cash on September 16, 2016 after a short battle with cancer. Eddie who was born on February 28, 1941 in Memphis, TN, grew up in Memphis and was a proud graduate of the Treadwell High "Eagles" and started his musical career as a teenager in 1956.
It's been a long time since the very funky Lowrider Band, which takes the stage at the Mid-City Bayou Boogaloo at 7:45. t going to open the building," drummer Harold Brown, who at one time was.
Nov 10, 2013 · W elcome to the 15th year of this weekly column that's updated fifty-two times a year, on Sunday nights or Monday mornings, depending on how well the booze holds out. If you've got any news, clues or rumors to share from around the Bay, or the world, feel free to send them to [email protected] or use the envelope in the masthead.
Very little Jesus stuff. 60 person choir. 20 piece band. Gospel songs. and now I was casting the Coachella YouTube channel on my television, watching a procession of black folk in brown two-piece.
Car Passenger Imagining He Is Conducting An Orchestra Alice In Wonderland Musical Not Wonderland Not Sanchez Feb 25, 2010 · Then you should say what you mean," the March Hare went on. "I do," Alice hastily replied; "at least–at least I mean what I say–that's the same thing, you know." "Not the same thing a bit!" said the Hatter. "You might just as well
"I credit the church. s a little more open here now… If you look at James Booker, he was a weirdo. New Orleans has always celebrated that, but being successful at being weird hadn't been celebrated.
The HyperTexts The Best Vocal Performances of All Time These are the greatest vocal performances of all time, by the best singers ever, in one fan's opinion.
PRIMO, the largest independent national magazine for and about Italian Americans, provides quality journalism on Italian American history, heritage, and achievements. PRIMO discusses topics of importance to Italian Americans with articles on Italian art, language, travel, food and wine.
May 27, 2019 · According to Wikipedia, Julia Ward Howe was a poet, author, abolitionist, and advocate for women's suffrage: She was inspired to write "The Battle Hymn of the Republic" after she and her husband visited Washington, D.C., and met Abraham Lincoln at the White House in November 1861.
Many musicians claim that they "grew up in the church," but for Robert Randolph that is literally the case. The renowned pedal steel guitarist, vocalist and songwriter led such a cloistered childhood and adolescence that he heard no secular music while growing up.
The 1802 pencil piece will be part of a major exhibition at Tate Britain on the Romantic artist and writer, possibly best known for the poem that became the lyrics to the hymn Jerusalem. The work has.
Honestly, I was so young that I can't remember how old I was, but I was little. classic church hymns and reimagine them so sonically they would sound like the music we were listening to, groups.
The daughter of small-town pastor Ernest Brewer, now deceased, Hughlett's definition of success has little. a favorite band play cover songs. Hymns are my cover songs. I consider this 'playing the.
John Dee Holeman & The Waifs Band – (Music Maker) Born in 1929, John Dee Holeman is an original bluesman and here he teams up with the young Australian folk/rock band The Waifs for a surreal session that resulted in this gem of an album.
Bruno Mars And Mark Ransom Uptown Funk Black And White The second line of "Uptown Funk" compares Pfeiffer to "that white gold," which could be interpreted. Watch the interview segment above and read all the lyrics to Mark Ronson's "Uptown Funk". Ronson used his Twitter account to offer an official dedication to Winehouse, with whom he collaborated on the Grammy-winning 2006 album Back to Black.
The Last Ten Seconds Of Life Soulless Hymns Full Album Car Passenger Imagining He Is Conducting An Orchestra Alice In Wonderland Musical Not Wonderland Not Sanchez Feb 25, 2010 · Then you should say what you mean," the March Hare went on. "I do," Alice hastily replied; "at least–at least I mean what I say–that's the same thing, you know." "Not the same thing a bit!"
there's this little boy saying "Here's how it works, let me show you". 'He loved his church. This is the boy that we are remembering, the fullness of life pouring out of him.' The hymns What A Friend.
"People that won't go to church, people that probably won't go buy a Christian record, they're not going to click on YouTube and watch. It may have stung a little, but nevertheless proved to be a.
Brian Setzer Orchestra Christmas Extravaganza Online a aa aaa aaaa aaacn aaah aaai aaas aab aabb aac aacc aace aachen aacom aacs aacsb aad aadvantage aae aaf aafp aag aah aai aaj aal aalborg aalib aaliyah aall aalto aam. Little Theatre of Manchester at Cheney Hall will present AMERICANO's Rockabilly Holiday Extravaganza for the whole family. rocking style. AMERICANO, a Brian
America Got Talent Chicago Group Semi Final Musicality The Drum Circle The Drum Circle is a unique group activity that can be enjoyed by the. The Mallakhamb Artist India Team from the Semi Finals of India's Got Talent Season 8 will also be performing. Brian Setzer Orchestra Christmas Extravaganza Online a aa aaa aaaa aaacn aaah aaai aaas aab aabb aac aacc aace
Finally, almost an hour after the scheduled time, the choir began to sing a hymn about Jesus 'the risen lord'. The choir rocked a version of Otis Redding's Try A Little Tenderness. used for.
I was like, "Wow, you're such a pure soul. Holy s***." And I knew from that moment, "I gotta hold on to you."' The Hymn belter is scheduled to perform Friday night at Appalachian State University's.
Minors are also reportedly banned from participating in religious activities. Members of the church were told not to participate in religious activities and churches were not allowed to organise a.
If you listen to YouTube holiday playlists or FM radio during Christmas time, you'll surely notice that most of the songs are old. Not centuries old, like the best church hymns, but old enough.
The year 2015 in country music saw blockbuster albums released from Luke Bryan, Eric Church, Carrie Underwood and Chris Stapleton. Guest performers include Little Big Town and Cam. It's been.
A poem she had written was read out during the service, prayers were said and hymns sung for the. laid on the pavement outside the church gates, showed a picture of Sonic and had a card that said:.
Dec 11, 2017 · Danny Johnson spent his 25th birthday, his first in Louisville, at police headquarters. Just after midnight on Oct. 18, 1985, police stumbled on an abandoned 1982 Cadillac Coupe de Ville in Cox Park, next to the Ohio River. Two people ran away as police pulled up.
Instead, preachers like Spencer of Lone Star — once a bull-riding rodeo cowboy — and members wear cowboy hats and boots, jeans and buckles nearly as big as their hands. A covered wagon prop sits near.
It was all preceded with a stellar rendition of "Amazing Grace" from Eric Church. Carrie Underwood. Group of the Year Lady Antebellum Little Big Town — winner Old Dominion Rascal Flatts Zac Brown.
In fact, eschewing tidy ideological attachments did little to dilute the. it would be easy for this diverse band of organizers to wallow in dismay. But as Royster pointed out in his speech at.
About The Festival Welcome and thanks for taking the journey with us! Let the Pensacola Beach Songwriters Festival introduce you to the songwriters who create the songs that inspire our daily lives.
Michael Phelps Face When Singing The National Anthem animated girl with dog creates great art on laptop but hides it. Dog opens window and all the papers fly out into the world where everyone loves it. Aug 10, 2016 · The Reason Michael Phelps Was Laughing During the National Anthem Will Make You Smile. After winning Tuesday night's 200-meter fly final of the Rio
Sung to the tune of a popular call-and-response camp meeting song (better known today as the melody to "The Battle Hymn of the Republic"), "John Brown's Body. with genres like big band, jazz, and.
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Every human being is a procrastinator of some events that occur daily. Some of us spend time doing useless things that add no value to our life, for example, browsing Facebook, articles, and blogs. Human beings do this to avoid work that we know we are supposed to be doing. It does not mean that being a procrastinator translates to one being unproductive. The truth is that those people who procrastinate are very structured. This can mean that even though they can put off of those activities that seem to be very important in their lives they end up doing those tasks that are less crucial in their life.
These tasks include: reading novels, watching a movie, traveling and browsing. To procrastinate does not mean that one is lazy, or one doesn't have a specific task to complete in time. Therefore, to become an efficient procrastinator one has to perform some specific methods as explained below.First, one should not listen to what other people say about procrastination. Very many people have a negative attitude towards procrastination. They usually consider procrastination as unproductive or driven by a motive that one lacks work to do, or one is lazy (Lay, 21).
One should keep his or her main commitments to a low limit so that he or she does not get distracted. This prevents one from working like a robot. However, if one does not have an urge to work on a certain specific job procrastination will not help one to avoid the job. It is recommended that one should find a lot of things to do rather than opting to procrastinate. Avoiding work is a sign that one will become less efficient at work, and therefore, one should not opt for procrastination.Secondly, one should know the reasons why he or she wants to procrastinate. It happens because one has an urge to do something else which is less tedious. Evaluating the reasons why one needs to procrastinate is the best way to know the importance of procrastination (Lay, 27). Listening to the inner feelings help one to know what his or her desire is. The consciousness of a person can suggest that the type of task he or she is doing is boring and cumbersome. Also, it can suggest that what one is doing is not his or her interest. An individual should think about the value of accomplishing probable deadlines. These are the main fuel of procrastination.


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Kendall Hunter Leads Ground Attack vs. Stout Broncos Front Seven
DENVER -- In the Mile-High City, the San Francisco 49ers offense mostly kept the ball on the ground on Wednesday.
And while Pierre Garçon, Reggie Bush, Mike Davis and Jarryd Hayne all got their reps, the featured runner for the first day of the team's joint practices with the Denver Broncos was Kendall Hunter.
The fifth-year running back began team periods with the first unit and went on to receive a hefty amount of touches. He recorded several lengthy carries, looking comfortable with his cuts up the field. He also caught a couple passes out of the backfield and deployed some nifty moves to get past the first wave of defenders. Denver's front seven includes the likes of Von Miller, DeMarcus Ware, Brandon Marshall and Danny Trevathan.
It appears as if Hunter, who missed 2014 with an ACL injury, has little-to-no lingering effects from the lost season. At least that's what Jim Tomsula is seeing.
49ers in Denver: First Practice with Broncos
The San Francisco 49ers took part in a practice with the Denver Broncos in the mile-high city as they prepare to face each other in Week 3 of the preseason.
"Wasn't he moving around really well?" Tomsula said. "You all could see him move and have that burst. I feel really good for Kendall. We wanted to get to this point where we could give him a little bit more reps and get him moving here."
Here are 8 other offensive notes from the UC Health Training Center
Wide receivers Bruce Ellington (muscle strain), Dres Anderson (soreness) and Chuck Jacobs (ankle sprain) all practiced on Wednesday. It was Ellington's second day back after returning on Tuesday in Santa Clara. Quinton Patton retained the No. 3 wideout reps.
Garrett Celek (ankle sprain) was sidelined, but Tomsula sounded optimistic that the tight end will be ready for Week 1. "We want him to be full speed for the season," he said
Rookie offensive lineman Ian Silberman got the first-team reps at right guard throughout practice. Joe Looney began the day starting at center before Marcus Martin rotated in with the first unit. Of Silberman's performance, Tomsula said there were "some good things and some things we have to get sured up."
The play of the day on offense came toward the tail end of practice. In the final team period, Colin Kaepernick hit Garrett Celek down the middle of the field in between the safety and linebacker for a 30-yard gain. Celek outreached the defenders to haul in the catch in stride. The highlight came moments after Celek committed the offense's only penalty of the day on a false start.
"I thought it was huge because the play before he had jumped offsides," Kaepernick said. "He came back and made a huge play for our offense. So I think mentally, just the focus he had to come back and make a big play like that was big for us."
In 7-on-7 work, Kaepernick threw four touchdown passes: one to Vernon Davis, one to Anquan Boldin, one to Patton and one to Hyde. In 11-on-11 drills, the 49ers quarterback rushed for a first down on 3rd-and-7 and converted on 4th-and-short with a shallow pass to Boldin.
In 1-on-1 periods between San Francisco's offensive line and Denver's defensive line, Pears turned in the best rep when he stopped future Hall-of-Famer DeMarcus Ware. Rookie offensive lineman Patrick Miller also had a strong performance versus fellow rookie Shane Ray, who was a first-round pick.
Blaine Gabbert threw a touchdown in the final team period, as Blake Bell came down with a tipped ball and sped into the end zone. Dylan Thompson also led a scoring drive, capping it with a swing pass to Jarryd Hayne.
Phil Dawson connected on 7-of-7 field-goal attempts.


Join the largest growing online portal for MGT 521 Week 4 DQ 3 (With 3 Responses) help. Get the best help available online to the course (University of Phoenix) and score the highest grades in discussion questions. We bring best answer to you to solve your all related problems. It's never too late to make your grades better so get connect with StudentEHelp to score good marks in exam. We specialize in providing you with the best sources for completing the individual assignment and entire classes..
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BGE Power is the distributor and service provider for Biogas and Natural Gas gas engines in Dubai. We are leading technology providers right from concept to commissioning of Biogas to Power System, Biogas Cleaning System, Biogas Digester Tanks, Biogas Dehumidifiers etc. We offer total solutions and also undertake Renewable Energy Projects on Turnkey Basis.
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This pudding may appear to be a regular children's lunch-box staple, but don't be fooled. It is a most decadent, and certainly adult version of the old favourite. Hidden in between layers of rich dark chocolate, lie silken folds of creamy vanilla, pecan -- and heady bourbon.
Although not particularly a recipe created for those on a diet, a single serving of this luscious dessert goes a long way in satisfying your sweet tooth, as well as your hankering for a tipple. Savour each spoonful, enjoy with a modicum of caution (or not), and most definitely do not pack it in your kid's lunch!
Make the double chocolate pudding by whisking sugar, cornstarch, cocoa powder, and salt in a saucepan. Slowly whisk in milk, cream and 2 tablespoons bourbon. Bring to a boil over medium-high heat, whisking constantly. Reduce heat to medium and continue cooking until mixture thickens, 1 to 2 minutes.
While it chills, whip heavy cream, confectioners' sugar, and remaining 1 1/2 tablespoons bourbon until soft peaks form. Alternate layers of pudding and whipped cream in each of 4 glasses. Top with whipped cream and toasted pecans.


It's that time of year again! If you have any pre-loved instruments we would be very grateful to take them off your hands! Your instrument donation will be going to a local primary school with a passion for music but unfortunately many of the students cannot afford to buy an instrument, so this initiative allows the school to build up a bank of instruments.
So if you have a fiddle, tin whistle, banjo or whatever please let us know. Please contact Cllr Mary Howard at 086 87 80 298 if you have an instrument to donate.


> Admissions / departures from Hospital, treatment chemotherapy, radiotherapy, dialysis, consultations etc… , if necessary administrative help.
> Transport assistance with help and support.
Express parcel and luggage delivery.


text:
package com.ivstuart.tmud.fighting;

import com.ivstuart.tmud.common.DiceRoll;

public class BasicDamage implements Damage {

	private String type;

	private String description = "punch";

	// 1d6+0 as default roll
	private DiceRoll roll;
	private int multiplier=1;

	// private int damage = 20;

	// private int hitLocation = 0;

	@Override
	public String getDescription() {

		return description;
	}

	@Override
	public String getType() {

        return type;
	}

	@Override
	public int roll() {
		return multiplier * roll.roll();

	}

	@Override
	public void setRoll(int number, int sides, int adder) {
		roll = new DiceRoll((short) number, (short) sides, (short) adder);
	}

	public void setMultiplier(int i) {
		this.multiplier = i;
	}

	public DiceRoll getRoll() {
		return roll;
    }

    public void setRoll(DiceRoll dice) {
        roll = dice;
    }
}


The clock is running on Barclays for the bank to show U.S. regulators that it shouldn't be fined a record $470 million for manipulation of California's electricity markets.
The Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) accused Barclays of making trades in the energy market that it purposely lost money on in order to make huge profits on investments in a related derivatives swaps market. Four traders for the bank are also facing fines of $18 million for their role in what is called a "loss-leader" scheme.
The four traders were quoted in bank documents as bragging that they would "crap on" some markets in order to make large profits in others, according to Reuters.
Barclays is contesting the allegations and has 30 days to make its case. FERC is seeking to reclaim around $35 million in profits the bank made, plus $435 million in civil penalties.
FERC also is probing trading by JPMorgan Chase & Co. and Deutsche Bank AG in a stepped up effort to police energy markets after a 2005 meltdown in California related to the Enron scandal. The agency has conducted 11 investigations of alleged manipulation of energy markets since January 2011, one of which resulted in a $245 million settlement with Constellation Energy Group Inc.
It's been a bad year for Barclays encounters with government regulators. The bank agreed in June to pay fines totaling $450 million to U.S. and British authorities for manipulating the London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR), the rate banks charge to loan money among themselves. It is the main benchmark for setting short-term interest rates around the world.
That scandal cost Barclays chief executive Bob Diamond his job.


We thought Obama was bad. Well Trump is just all over the place. If the Turks launch a campaign against the YPG, then the USA and the West would have let down their Kurdish allies in a quite appalling manner.


text:
Laurie Strode is Not Michael Myers Sister For a Reason in New Halloween Film
Home » Movies » 'Professor Marston And The Wonder Women' Is "Fundamentally A Love Story"
'Professor Marston And The Wonder Women' Is "Fundamentally A Love Story"
Posted by Kaitlyn Booth August 14, 2017 Comment
Wonder Woman is an interesting character to begin with but the history behind her creation is just as interesting. In a new movie called Professor Marston And The Wonder Women director and writer Angela Robinson explores the relationship between psychologist William Moulton Marston (Luke Evans), his psychologist wife Elizabeth (Rebecca Hall), and their mutual romantic partner Olive Byrne (Bella Heathcote). Robibson recently spoke to Entertainment Weekly about the movie and the relationship between these three people.
"It's fundamentally a love story between the three of them," Robinson tells EW. "It's an exploration of their ideas [about feminism, bondage, and pacifism] and his relationship with Elizabeth and Olive, and their relationship with him, and then how all of that found its way into Wonder Woman."
The thing that really took Robinson by surprise was when she learned that Elizabeth and Olive stayed together long after William passed away.
"That one sentence totally blew my mind, because I was like, 'I'm looking at it all wrong. This is a story about the three of them. They were all in love together,'" she says. "That really opened up the story to me and it became really important for me to also tell it from the perspective of Elizabeth and Olive and Marston — all three of them — and to kind of tell it as a love story and to try and really ground it and be respectful and investigate what Martson was trying to do and how their lives inspired Wonder Woman."
Needless to say this sort of relationship is considered unconventional by today's standards let alone by those of the 1940's. Robinson wants to show that these sorts of relationships have always happened even if no one was talking about it:
"People have had all sorts of relationships since the beginning of time and they were really progressive, exciting, incredible people, who I think shared a deep love for each other. To me, they're heroes in and of themselves," she says. "I really think it's time for their story to be told and for them to kind of get the respect and admiration that I think they deserve. It's their core ideas and core values that really infused this superhero who we all, right now, love."
Marston believed in the power of women and the power of love so it's not surprising that the character he created stood for both of those things.
The true story of William Moulton Marston, the polyamorous relationship between his wife and mistress, the creation of his beloved comic book character "Wonder Woman", and the controversy the comic generated in its earlier years.
Professor Marston and the Wonder Women, directed by Angela Robinson, stars Luke Evans, Rebecca Hall, Connie Britton, Bella Heathcote, and JJ Feild. It will be released on October 27th.
About Kaitlyn Booth
Kaitlyn is the Editor-in-Chief at Bleeding Cool. She loves movies, television, comics, and political satire. She's a member of the UFCA and the GALECA. Feminist. Writer. Nerd. Follow her on twitter @katiesmovies and @safaiagem on instagram. She's also a co-host at The Nerd Dome Podcast. Listen to it at http://www.nerddomepodcast.com
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(Last Updated August 14, 2017 3:05 pm )
Professor Marston And The Wonder Women Review: Simply Wonderful
Castle Of Horror: Jaws 3 Is The Towering Inferno Of Sharks
Cyborg Resents His Father In 'Justice League'


MCLK (board comes with DATA), MCLK, LRCK, BCK.
Supply voltage: +5V DC recommended above Pi to 2A power supply!
Analog output: RCA analog output.
I2S: 44.1K -192K input rate (need source support, please use the APE, FLAC, WAV lossless audio playback of songs, the use of 192K can output 192K).
Eight pieces of TDA1387, after repeated comparison, TDA1387 is the most close to the same tone TDA1541, from my transfer board praise can have the conclusion, 1387 parallel after the current driving capability increase, from the fundamental solution and dynamic TDA1541, density difference.
The sound characteristic is moist, the maximum volume output, low distortion, good damping capacity and perfect control. Even if K701, HD650 can also promote the kind of mold.
Perfect wiring, digital, analog multi stage decoupling, strict distinction.
A large number of fever components, the configuration of the machine for 1387 is already expensive, please look at the physical map and components list, the component is to good sound, not to burn the device.
RCA line output: external power amplifier or multimedia active speaker.
A sound: TDA1543 voice and TDA1541 is very close to the same orientation, ethereal charm, analog sound rich, if very sweet, unlike now top chip, the decoding belongs to Naiting type, she can not help you analyze the music, but can let a person very long time forgot to turn off the machine, if you are too tired the digital sound and high resolution called L1387DAC, may wish to listen to 8X, may surprise you. The more valuable a pure 1969 amp, create a desktop headset system perfect value.
Use SSH to enter the first after we have to download the library.
Edit this file after download.
Synchronization and restart, this step is very important, we must be able to restart.


Hello PlayStation fans, Dom here from Ninja Theory. I wanted to take the opportunity to update you on the progress of Hellblade: Senua's Sacrifice, which we'll be launching later this year on PS4.
We've just hit the Alpha stage in the development of Hellblade: Senua's Sacrifice. This is significant, because it means that for the first time the entire game is playable from beginning to end.
That doesn't mean that the game is finished, however. There's still a huge amount of work to be done across Hellblade. Some parts of the game are starting to look and feel just as we envisioned, whereas others are still only built to a basic level. The important thing at this stage is that all of the areas are laid out and the design clearly defined.
Two years of hard work by the Hellblade team is starting to pay off and we're ready for the next stage: Beta. This is where we can focus on the player experience — looking at the game step-by-step, improving it along the way, honing how the game will look and feel to our players. It is at this stage that we will add a lot of the small details that make a big difference.
Beyond Beta, we will move into the final stage of Hellblade's development: Mastering. It is in this stage that we will iron out any remaining bugs, ensure that Hellblade performs optimally on PlayStation, and prepare for launch.
We have a lot of work ahead and the team is putting all of our care into Hellblade to make it as special as it can be. We're getting super excited about sharing Hellblade with you later this year and we look forward to bringing you further updates on the road to release.
You want broken crappy games with main story only like 10-15hrs of play?.. FFXIV took 7 yrs and story was 10-15hrs..what a dissappointment.
Oops scratch that, LOL. 10years and I meant FFXV.
you either never played FFXV or you did yourself a serious disservice by rushing through the game. I'm at around 60 hours, give or take, and I haven't even fully finished the campaign. FFXV is amazing, and many people love this game. Hell, it couldn't have been that bad of a game if it got an 81 on Metacritic, that rating based on the average of 109 total critic reviews! So, yeah, next time you say "what a disappointment" consider the broader spectrum on what most people thought of the game before you just dismiss it as crap.
Will you guys be sending Alpha codes to random players? I am actually quite interested in checking this game out.
We won't. As a story-led experience, we want everyone to have the chance to go through the journey at the same time.
I'm so excited for this! I loved Heavenly Sword and everything surrounding it (the animated series!!). I can't wait to get this!
Keep up the work, guys, and girls. Take your time on this game, I'm looking forward to playing it later this year.
Incredibly excited for the game and actually happy you guys pushed it back. Rarely do we (the gamer) get the short-end of the stick when games are pushed back a reasonable amount of time to really define and perfect your vision of the game. Plus there is just WAY too much to play right now. Looking forward to the updates.
Hey, slow down. Give me enough time to play Horizon and Breath of the Wild and then release. Also, don't release right along God of War. Some time before or some time after. Timing matters.
saw some videos about the working you guys are doing, and i'm amazed.
Definitely a day one buy! PLEASE MAKE A DMC 2!
This is awesome – congratulations on reaching Alpha and love the open look into development that you're extending to the community throughout the progress of Hellblade. A game that touches on mental health has had me highly intrigued since this was announced, can't wait to play the final game later this year.
Cheers Ninja Theory – keep up the great work!
Another great PlayStation exclusive. PlayStation – "WHERE THE GAMES ARE AT" sorry switch and xbox1 fans. But damn slow down i need to beat Horizon Zero Dawn and Nioh first.
I've been looking forward to this game from the first glimpse you gave us in 2015. What a great concept and the game is looking awesome! This is one of those games that needs the time to put the right finishing touches because of the deep emotional connection that it is attempting to make. For that reason, I'm trying to be patient, but I can't wait to play this game.
This game looks stunning! Cant wait!
Fantastic news. Shoutout to Enslaved: Odyssey To The West. Still one of my favorites after all these years.
Keep on keeping on, Ninja Theory.
Super super duper psyched for this game! Loved Heavenly Sword and Enslaved even more than that! I can't wait!
Please just take all the time you need.
I just want this to be an interesting and fun game to play, not another rush project that'll just get knocked for how many issues there are.
I've been waiting since the beginning, rushing it to the finish line has gone bad for so many games, please don't follow suite.
Hope they let us play the beta ! And to get the full game as soon as possible ( but no hurries), i will waiting to get my disk as long it takes, But it's important too take all the time you need to make Hellblade a great game !
Excited for this game! I agree, take the time you need to make it a great game but (obviously you won't cause why would you) don't listen to these people telling you to delay the game release so they can finish previously released games. What nonsense. Like they're the only ppl living on the planet. Like yeah, the developers are really gonna delay the game until you give the say so. How selfish our world has become today. Rock on, Ninja Theory!
Really looking forward to seeing more about this game. I really enjoyed Heavenly Sword.
so everyone gets a a chance for alpha?
Can we get co-op mode? Everyone "big" titles seem to bring coop after release as a dlc…..
To this day, I still totally love and adore Heavenly Sword. In fact, it's the first video game my then-4-year-old got into and she completed (with my help on the boss fights, but still). I have been following Hellblade's development and I am insanely anxious to play this title! Thank you for working so hard to make it just right.
Question: Do you plan to add enhancements for PS4 Pro? If so, at launch or as a patch?
Sounds like we won't see this game till next year. Alpha is really only insight of the end, but honestly not the end or even the beginning of it.
Will the Beta be far enough along by June so we can see it at E3?
Take your time. I really hope this game is successful for you guys. p.s. would love to see a DmC devil may cry 2….
I loved enslaved and heavenly sword, dint like the remake of dmc and while the game is beautiful from a graphics stand point, I feel like there have been too many mental illness related game's in the past year's so im gonna pass.
Take the time to build and finish the game, theres plenty of game coming out soon so we have alot to play till this game comes out, im really excited for this so i dont mind the delay to polish the game.
Wish you guys the best of time making the game.
Is PS4 pro support planned?
Thanks for the update! This is one of my most anticipated titles, and your team does strong, amazing and much-welcomed female characters so well.
I guess I'll say I CAN wait!
Thank you for taking the time on this game. Been so excited since announced. I'm sure most gamers out there appreciate the dedication and passion devoted to this game. Can't wait to play!!!
With the way Ninja Theory put new life into DMC, I'm very excited for Hellblade. A lot of time and hard work gets put in by this company. Hopefully we will see a DMC2 at some point in the near future in more of an open world(worlds) setting.
So is it coming out this year?
Any chance you guys can get the rights back for Heavenly Sword and give us the sequel you would want? I have ideas for a sequel, and I'm sure you do too. Sony's take on-and retconning of the story in the DVD/movie was interesting but ultimately not near as good as your original. So I want to see where you take the story, not Sony. Of course I'd give it a chance if Sony announced an in-house sequel though.
Woohoo! I'm so glad you all are able to finish this game. I enjoy all that you do.
I hope the combat was improved.
Only just found out about this game, but was completely hooked by the trailer and other videos you have released! It looks stunning and amazingly fantastic! Can't wait to play it!


text:
ALROSA boosts dividend for 2013 by 32%
ALROSA's Annual General Meeting of Shareholders was held on June 28, 2014 in Mirny. The shareholders voted to pay the 2013 year-end dividend–compared to the previous year the dividend grew by 32% up to RUB 1.47 per ordinary share.
Under the updated dividend policy approved in autumn 2013, ALROSA pays as a dividend no less than 35% of the net profit under IFRS that amounted to RUB 31.837 billion based on the results of 2013. ALROSA's net profit under the Russian Accounting Standards in 2013 amounted to RUB 35.6 billion.
The shareholders voted to pay the 2013 year-end dividend of RUB 10.826 billion, which exceeds the amount of the dividend paid for 2012 (RUB 8.175 billion) by RUB 2.651 billion (32%). The amount of dividend per ordinary share of OJSC ALROSA of 50 kopecks par value is RUB 1.47.
The remaining part of the net profit will be used to finance the Company's investment programs.
The shareholders elected the following members of the Supervisory Board of OJSC ALROSA:
Fyodor Borisovich Andreev, President (CEO), OJSC ALROSA;
Sergey Vladimirovich Barsukov, Director of the Department, Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation;
Ivan Kirillovich Demyanov, Vice President, OJSC ALROSA;
Sergey Konstantinovich Dubinin, Chairman of the Supervisory Council, VTB Bank;
Dmitry Petrovich Zakharov, General Director, LLC RIC-Finance (as an independent director);
Spartak Grigoryevich Illarionov, First Deputy Head, Olenyok Evenki National District, Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) (as an independent director);
Valentina Iliinichna Kondratyeva, Head of State Autonomous Agency Center for Strategic Research of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia);
Nadezhda Egorovna Kononova, Deputy General Director, OJSC Republican Investment Company (as an independent director);
Igor Arnoldovich Lozhevsky, Vice-Chairman for Eastern Europe, Deutsche Bank AG (as an independent director);
Sergey Vasilyevich Mestnikov, First Deputy Minister of Property and Land Relations, Republic of Sakha (Yakutia);
Denis Stanislavovich Morozov, Representative of the Russian Federation in the Board of Directors of the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (as an independent director);
Nina Antoninovna Osipova, Deputy Finance Minister, Republic of Sakha (Yakutia);
Oleg Romanovich Fyodorov, Adviser to the Head of the Federal Agency for State Property Management;
Andrey Vladimirovich Sharonov, Dean of Moscow School of Management SKOLKOVO;
Ilya Arturovich Yuzhanov, Chairman of the Supervisory Board, OJSC ALROSA.
Chairman of the Supervisory Board and members of the committees will be elected at the next meeting of the Supervisory Board of OJSC ALROSA.
The shareholders also elected members of ALROSA's Auditing Committee. The agenda of the annual meeting also included the items on the amendment to the Company's Charter, approval of the new versions of the Regulations on the General Meeting of Shareholders of OJSC ALROSA, Regulations on the Supervisory Board, Regulations on the Auditing Committee, and Regulations on Remuneration to Members of the Supervisory Board.
This page was last updated on 28 June 2014 at 06.25
Press release 18 July 2019
ALROSA Q2 and 6M 2019 operating results
ALROSA signs joint venture agreement in Zimbabwe
New large diamond found at ALROSA's Verkhne-Munskoye deposit


Last September found me flying to San Diego to celebrate my best friend's birthday. Blessedly, San Diego is only a short one-hour flight from where I live; and thanks to Southwest Airlines a round trip ticket was just 100 bucks. This beats a six hour drive through the dessert.
I made a deal with Alisha: we get to spend a weekend just the two of us (sans kids or hubbies). We figured, since the last time we got to do that was ten years ago, we were long overdue for some girl time.
Trying to find a hotel which 1) we could afford, 2) was in a location we wanted (by the ocean), and 3) had vacancies; proved to be a bit of a challenge. We settled on a hotel called Indigo Del Mar located (you guessed it) in Del Mar, California. Neither of us were familiar with this hotel but we were both ready for an adventure.
The hotel is located on a busy street near the Pacific ocean. It's a large complex with plenty of rooms, and was surprisingly quiet considering the closeness to the street and nearby buildings.
The staff was friendly and helpful. The manager was very accommodating and professional for which I was quite grateful.
Check-in was quick and easy, without undue surprises. We were able to park in a covered parking and walk right to our room.
Our room was beautiful and spacious with an ocean view. Just that alone was worth it, as I miss the ocean in the desert of the Southwest. The sea was sapphire blue and calm. Everything was perfect.
The room also had a small kitchenette area (with fridge, microwave, coffee maker and utensils), and a small balcony.
There is a spa on the premises called Spa'namara and we indulged in amazing massages! My massage therapist was Danielle Brodeur. She was very capable, knowledgeable, and personable.
The down-side of the spa was the price, however. Keep in mind that there are cheaper places close by. We went there purely for convenience. We were also told that the spa had just changed owner and that changes were in the works. Maybe we should return to keep you updated?
The hotel also boasts a restaurant (and room service). We found the staff quite friendly and helpful. The food was fresh and well prepared, with most meals ranging around 12 to 14 dollars.
For dinner, we sat outside next to the gas fireplace. It was a lovely clear night, with a cool breeze. Southern California weather did not disappoint.
There are also restaurants and stores just a short walking distance from the hotel. We ate at a Peruvian restaurant (this was a first for me) called Cafe Secret. The food was great. Our waitress was sweet but seemed pretty shy. Also, when I asked for further explanation about some of the dishes I was not familiar with, I wasn't really satisfied with the explanation. I ended up asking some other kind customers for help with the menu.
The town of Del Mar is close to some cliffs and while we saw the ocean we never found an easy access to the beach. Which was okay and honestly, we did not look very hard. We were content to sit on benches and watch the sunset, while enjoying the soothing sounds of ocean waves.