text:
tech trend
Movie theaters left by customers due to Corona 19 "Lease screens to gamers"
lswcap
Among those who play games with portable game consoles or smartphones, you may have thought of playing games on a large screen full of excitement. Large screen rentals for movies that make this gamer's dream come true are starting in Korean and American movie theaters suffering from customer churn due to the Corona 19 incident.
In March 2020 due to the impact of Corona 19, the movie theater box office performance reached the lowest level since 1998. In the movie industry, they are struggling to respond, such as screening a movie at a drive-in theater that was outdated. In the midst of this, CGV started a screen rental service for gamers. The CGV service rents a screen every two hours, and the price is 100,000 won per episode before 18:00 and 150,000 won after 18:00 when using 2 hours for 4 people. In Korea, this service is named AzitX after Azit.
BBC: Korean cinema chain allows gamers to hire screens from $90 for two hours to play video games on a giant screen. ??#Cinema #gamers #gamersvscovid19 #merge1048 #Oman pic.twitter.com/Vi3ExCpAWl
— Merge 104.8 (@merge1048) February 11, 2021
Since the start of the service at the end of January 2021, AzitX has already received more than 130 reservations, attracting attention, and is popular with men in their 30s and 40s, and the same is true for couples and family users.
Gamers who rent a screen will have to take the game controller and game software to the movie theater, which will be burdensome, but the opportunity to enjoy the game on such a large screen is not easy.
In addition, Malco Theaters, a movie theater chain based in Memphis, Tennessee, USA, launched similar services in November 2020. The rental price is $100 for 2 hours and $150 for 3 hours and can accommodate up to 20 people. Malco Theater said the service has become popular and customers are returning little by little, but it is not yet at a level that contributes to profit improvement. Related information can be found here .
Through the monthly AHC PC and HowPC magazine era, he has watched 'technology age' in online IT media such as ZDNet, electronic newspaper Internet manager, editor of Consumer Journal Ivers, TechHolic publisher, and editor of Venture Square. I am curious about this market that is still full of vitality.
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Like life, there are limits… Social media limited to 100 posts?
Minus is an SNS that has no likes or follows, and the number of posts that can be posted is limited to 100. If you go to the site and create an account (Sign up→Create Account), you can check the URL via email. When you...
Why women live longer than men
Why is the average lifespan of women longer than men? When looking at the secretion of estrogen, which is usually called a female hormone, and testosterone, a type of male hormone, women secrete more estrogen and less...
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Vertical farming and future food
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text:
mantelhaen.test
From stats v3.5.0 by R-core R-core@R-project.org
Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel Chi-Squared Test for Count Data
Performs a Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel chi-squared test of the null that two nominal variables are conditionally independent in each stratum, assuming that there is no three-way interaction.
htest
mantelhaen.test(x, y = NULL, z = NULL,
alternative = c("two.sided", "less", "greater"),
correct = TRUE, exact = FALSE, conf.level = 0.95)
either a 3-dimensional contingency table in array form where each dimension is at least 2 and the last dimension corresponds to the strata, or a factor object with at least 2 levels.
a factor object with at least 2 levels; ignored if x is an array.
a factor object with at least 2 levels identifying to which stratum the corresponding elements in x and y belong; ignored if x is an array.
indicates the alternative hypothesis and must be one of "two.sided", "greater" or "less". You can specify just the initial letter. Only used in the 2 by 2 by \(K\) case.
a logical indicating whether to apply continuity correction when computing the test statistic. Only used in the 2 by 2 by \(K\) case.
a logical indicating whether the Mantel-Haenszel test or the exact conditional test (given the strata margins) should be computed. Only used in the 2 by 2 by \(K\) case.
conf.level
confidence level for the returned confidence interval. Only used in the 2 by 2 by \(K\) case.
If x is an array, each dimension must be at least 2, and the entries should be nonnegative integers. NA's are not allowed. Otherwise, x, y and z must have the same length. Triples containing NA's are removed. All variables must take at least two different values.
A list with class "htest" containing the following components:
Only present if no exact test is performed. In the classical case of a 2 by 2 by \(K\) table (i.e., of dichotomous underlying variables), the Mantel-Haenszel chi-squared statistic; otherwise, the generalized Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel statistic.
the degrees of freedom of the approximate chi-squared distribution of the test statistic (\(1\) in the classical case). Only present if no exact test is performed.
p.value
the p-value of the test.
conf.int
a confidence interval for the common odds ratio. Only present in the 2 by 2 by \(K\) case.
an estimate of the common odds ratio. If an exact test is performed, the conditional Maximum Likelihood Estimate is given; otherwise, the Mantel-Haenszel estimate. Only present in the 2 by 2 by \(K\) case.
null.value
the common odds ratio under the null of independence, 1. Only present in the 2 by 2 by \(K\) case.
a character string describing the alternative hypothesis. Only present in the 2 by 2 by \(K\) case.
a character string indicating the method employed, and whether or not continuity correction was used.
data.name
a character string giving the names of the data.
The asymptotic distribution is only valid if there is no three-way interaction. In the classical 2 by 2 by \(K\) case, this is equivalent to the conditional odds ratios in each stratum being identical. Currently, no inference on homogeneity of the odds ratios is performed.
See also the example below.
Alan Agresti (1990). Categorical data analysis. New York: Wiley. Pages 230--235.
Alan Agresti (2002). Categorical data analysis (second edition). New York: Wiley.
library(stats) # NOT RUN { ## Agresti (1990), pages 231--237, Penicillin and Rabbits ## Investigation of the effectiveness of immediately injected or 1.5 ## hours delayed penicillin in protecting rabbits against a lethal ## injection with beta-hemolytic streptococci. Rabbits <- array(c(0, 0, 6, 5, 3, 0, 3, 6, 6, 2, 0, 4, 5, 6, 1, 0, 2, 5, 0, 0), dim = c(2, 2, 5), dimnames = list( Delay = c("None", "1.5h"), Response = c("Cured", "Died"), Penicillin.Level = c("1/8", "1/4", "1/2", "1", "4"))) Rabbits ## Classical Mantel-Haenszel test mantelhaen.test(Rabbits) ## => p = 0.047, some evidence for higher cure rate of immediate ## injection ## Exact conditional test mantelhaen.test(Rabbits, exact = TRUE) ## => p - 0.040 ## Exact conditional test for one-sided alternative of a higher ## cure rate for immediate injection mantelhaen.test(Rabbits, exact = TRUE, alternative = "greater") ## => p = 0.020 ## UC Berkeley Student Admissions mantelhaen.test(UCBAdmissions) ## No evidence for association between admission and gender ## when adjusted for department. However, apply(UCBAdmissions, 3, function(x) (x[1,1]*x[2,2])/(x[1,2]*x[2,1])) ## This suggests that the assumption of homogeneous (conditional) ## odds ratios may be violated. The traditional approach would be ## using the Woolf test for interaction: woolf <- function(x) { x <- x + 1 / 2 k <- dim(x)[3] or <- apply(x, 3, function(x) (x[1,1]*x[2,2])/(x[1,2]*x[2,1])) w <- apply(x, 3, function(x) 1 / sum(1 / x)) 1 - pchisq(sum(w * (log(or) - weighted.mean(log(or), w)) ^ 2), k - 1) } woolf(UCBAdmissions) ## => p = 0.003, indicating that there is significant heterogeneity. ## (And hence the Mantel-Haenszel test cannot be used.) ## Agresti (2002), p. 287f and p. 297. ## Job Satisfaction example. Satisfaction <- as.table(array(c(1, 2, 0, 0, 3, 3, 1, 2, 11, 17, 8, 4, 2, 3, 5, 2, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 3, 0, 1, 2, 5, 7, 9, 1, 1, 3, 6), dim = c(4, 4, 2), dimnames = list(Income = c("<5000", "5000-15000", "15000-25000", ">25000"), "Job Satisfaction" = c("V_D", "L_S", "M_S", "V_S"), Gender = c("Female", "Male")))) ## (Satisfaction categories abbreviated for convenience.) ftable(. ~ Gender + Income, Satisfaction) ## Table 7.8 in Agresti (2002), p. 288. mantelhaen.test(Satisfaction) ## See Table 7.12 in Agresti (2002), p. 297. # }
Documentation reproduced from package stats, version 3.5.0, License: Part of R 3.5.0

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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SFK 2000 Sarajevo, the most successful women's football team in the region, has been leading by example and good organisation in helping club football in Bosnia and Herzegovina develop. However, "ladies in burgundy" are opening their doors not only to the talented girls from Bosnia and Herzegovina, but the whole region.
"I believe good relations with clubs outside of Bosnia and Herzegovina are very important for the development of women's football in general and we as a club have been proud of this from the very start", said Samira Hurem, Bosnia and Herzegovina women's national team manager and a member of SFK 2000 Sarajevo coaching staff when Sportifico visited them.
On this occasion, they signed a contract with Tanja Jakšić, an implementation consultant, which marked the start of this initiative which aims to advance women's football.
"National football associations or ministries of sport typically initiate such projects, while the clubs put these ideas to work. What sets SFK 2000 apart is their desire to aid football associations and other women's clubs outside of Bosnia and Herzegovina. By doing this, they are contributing to the advancement of women in sports and their status in general and I'm delighted to be a part of this project", said Tanja Jakšić.
Thus far, in all of their doings, SFK 2000 Sarajevo have enjoyed massive support from FK Sarajevo, with whom they're closely associated with and form a family.
"In terms of organization, our best results came once we became a part of great institution like FK Sarajevo and we are very much thankful for the board's support in this important project as well", Samira summarized.
What SFK 2000 Sarajevo does for women's football on the pitch, Sportifico does in the digital world. From the very start, Sportifico has been using their insights and expertise to promote women's football in the region through their app and they are proud to have one of their team members coordinating the project in Ruža Ilić.
"We often highlight how, in our business processes, we are equally dedicated to women's football as we are to men's, and being a part of this project working with SFK 2000 Sarajevo will attest to that once again. We believe in this idea, the team behind it and we also believe that we can use our expertise to contribute to great effect", said Ruža Ilić.
Join the sport social network!


These green beans take on the bright, spicy flavor of the dressing and become something way beyond your standard green beans. I like them straight-up, but they also work nicely in a composed salad or served on a bed of lettuce leaves.
Steam the green beans. Immediately plunge them in ice water. Swish the beans around until they're completely cool. Dry them thoroughly (I like to pat them dry with paper towels). Put the green beans in a shallow dish.
In a blender, whirl the garlic, jalapeño, and lemon juice. Add the mint leaves, olive oil, salt, and pepper and whirl everything until the mixture is very smooth.


provides 360° cooling efficiency and splash lubrication for total reliability. A cooling fan helps to provides maximum forced air-cooling for ultimate efficiency. A large pump that puts out little noise and a lot of power is due to the slower RPM speed and efficient two-stage design. Because they operate at slower speeds than other compressors and feature large-diameter finned copper tubing between stages, they have a lower operating temperature, which achieves maximum efficiency.
Any piece of equipment that runs from air power, (such as air tools) require a certain volume of air to operate them. The volume of air that a compressor produces is rated in CFM (Cubic Feet per Minute). You usually see several CFM ratings at different pressures on a compressor. CFM ratings can be exaggerated just like HP ratings, but you should get around 3½ – 4 CFM per real HP at 90 PSI.
producing as much air as you want to use, you'll never run out of air no matter how small the tank is. A smaller tank is more portable and gets up to pressure quicker, while a compressor with a large tank doesn't start and stop as often and cools the air better. Having a larger tank doesn't mean the compressor runs less, it starts and stops less frequently but the running time is the same as if it had a smaller tank.
Fantastic writing. Looking forward to more.


text:
HomeEars on the Board of Education: August 20, 2020
Ears on the Board of Education: August 20, 2020
by Diane Payne
The Office of the Inspector General, a purportedly independent office within the District, issued its final report on the botched construction project at Benjamin Franklin High School undertaken for the purpose of co-locating Science Leadership Academy (SLA).
The OIG report paints a picture of the incompetence of Superintendent Hite and his staff from the planning of the project to its completion. It reveals the shocking disregard for the health and safety of the students and staff at Ben Franklin. It shows how the Hite administration ignored the fears of parents and educators. The Board's response to the scandal? Expressions of concern and disappointment, but not one word about accountability.
On the heels of the Ben Franklin/SLA fiasco last year came the rolling school closures due to asbestos issues, with staff and parents repeatedly raising many of the same concerns documented in the OIG report. Superintendent Hite claims that the District will learn from these experiences, but the appointed Board of Education members seem to subscribe to Einstein's definition of crazy: doing the same thing and expecting different results. Board members allowed Hite to file the Ben Franklin/SLA scandal under "a teachable moment", as he rolls along to the next school closure, lack of communication, and mishandling of another crisis.
Not a word was uttered by Hite nor any Board member about the second scandal of the week: the District administrator simultaneously holding full-time, high-level posts in both Philadelphia and Columbus, Ohio. Tracy Ocasio was hired by the District in May at $140,000 as Deputy Chief of Curriculum and Instruction while being paid $152,000 as Columbus' Chief Academic Officer. Although personnel matters cannot be discussed in most cases, when information like this is splashed across the papers some sort of reckoning should be expected from the Hite administration. Who conducted the background check–if any?
Board Gives Hite A Pass on Ben Franklin/SLA Scandal
After last week's bungled "hybrid" committee meeting, in which Board Members were present at District headquarters while the public watched remotely, this Action meeting was again fully remote. Members of the public who watched and testified were subject to audio and technical malfunctions throughout the Committee meeting; people waiting to testify were disconnected. All eight Board members attended this meeting. Vice-president Leticia Egea-Hinton announced that she would be presiding because it was President Joyce Wilkerson's birthday. Is this really a thing? Does it say anything in the Board by-laws about being absolved of duties on birthdays? The move did get Wilkerson out of having to make her usual opening remarks, which would have had to address the Ben Franklin/SLA scandal.
Egea-Hinton began to read without saying whether it was her statement or made on behalf of the entire Board. The statement was laced with the usual platitudes about learning from mistakes. What the Board statement lacked was any call for accountability. This project's cost ballooned five-fold, from $10 million to $50 million; the health and well-being of staff and students were adversely affected; and Dr. Hite and his staff knowingly withheld information from the public and the governing body of the District. The students at Benjamin Franklin, mostly students of color, were subjected to toxic substances, thick construction dust, noise, and an unhealthy learning environment for an entire school year. Only after the SLA students, a more privileged student body, moved in did the Hite administration take action. The mostly Black students at Ben Franklin were harmed both physically and emotionally–while the District continued to make statements about moving toward anti-racism in both curriculum and professional relationships. It is hard to understand how the Board can allow Hite, one of the highest paid superintendents in the country, to skate on this. The OIG report lays out a story of incompetence, mismanagement, and disregard for the safety of students and staff. APPS has called on the Board to ask for Hite's resignation and the resignations of all involved in this scandal. A teacher who knowingly harmed a student would be fired. The same should be true of District employees at all levels.
Hite "Regrets" His Handling of Ben Franklin/SLA Fiasco
Hite began his presentation with his brief remarks about the OIG report. He offered his regrets for how the project was handled, and promised that lessons would be learned. He assured the Board that the incident provided him with a "teachable moment".
Hite then moved onto his main topic, school reopening updates. (This entire meeting along with the accompanying PowerPoints can be viewed on the District web page.
Hite noted six milestones–Digital Enablement, Academics, Staff Coverage, Building Readiness, People Preparedness, and School Operational Readiness–that the District is using to determine school readiness; each milestone receives green, yellow, or red markers of readiness. Five of the six milestones were listed in Green, with staff coverage in Yellow due to 115 cleaning staff vacancies. It was confusing to see milestones designated Green even though many components within the milestone were not listed as ready. Hite did not say whether there are again long lines for Chromebooks, as there were last Spring, nor did he mention how readily parents and staff could get answers from District staff when they run into roadblocks. The issue of ventilation did not get a full airing, so we do not have a number for how many buildings have operable windows. Numbers, hotlines, and District plans on paper sound great, but will they be adequate? None of the Board members asked for updates on these issues.
After the school reopening presentation, Hite addressed the contract for KJR Consulting (Action Item 1). Numerous staff and community members testified against the District's paying KJR $700,000 to provide professional development to central office staff, including $150,000 dollars for anti-racism training. KJR has no reported expertise or experience in anti-racist training; on the other hand, district educators from the Melanated Educators Collective (MEC) and the Racial Justice Organizing Committee (RJOC) have been doing this work for the last four years for free while repeatedly urging the District to fully commit to this vision. Using District educators on a volunteer basis, telling them there was no money in the budget to pay them, then proposing a $700,000 contract for a consulting firm–offers one more window into the Hite administration's lip service to respecting educators. Hite told the Board that since the Committee meeting, the $150,000 for the anti-racist component had been withdrawn. That left $500,000 for more central office training.
At the conclusion of the presentation, the floor was opened up for Board questions. Wilkerson began by thanking Hite for his updated school reopening plan and the user-friendly format. Board Member Danzy then thanked Hite for the important work he has done for this plan. Neither mentioned the OIG report. The six remaining Board members read statements or asked questions about the OIG report. Other than expressing disappointment or possible lack of trust in the future, no Board member demanded accountability from Hite. Huang's questioning of Hite veered on the apologetic. The exchanges did little more than provide an opportunity for Hite to offer his mea culpa and promise to learn from it. No one asked how the cost of the project managed to balloon five-fold over its original cost, or why the Hite administration ignored concerns from parents at both schools. No one asked why construction continued even after students and staff had to be rushed to hospitals–or why construction only stopped after the SLA students arrived. But the truth is that none of those students will ever get those two years back. In addition, the students and staff who may have escaped injury in that year may develop health issues in the future.
Hite gets a pass again. A few stern words, promises to do better, then business as usual. This Board should be asking for Hite's resignation.
The Joint Meeting of the Finance & Facility (F&F) and Student Achievement (SA) Committees, held on August 13, can be viewed on the District website. Read the APPS report on this committee here.
As part of the F&F report, Julia Danzy read into the record a letter from Mayor Kenney and Councilmember Kenyatta Johnson in support of Action Item 9, the KOZ zone recommendation for the new owners of the Energy Solutions site in South Philadelphia. This site was recently purchased by Chicago-based Hilco Redevelopment Partners. Many community members spoke and provided written testimony against this approval. (The Board of Education must approve a KOZ designation in order for the designation to move forward.)
Angela McIver presented the SA report which highlighted the Hite reopening plan.
Speakers on Action Items
Despite objections made by APPS and other community members, the Board again hid behind the full-screen countdown clock for the entirety of the public speakers' portion. For hours, members of the public were unable to see the Board. This deliberate deflection demonstrates a lack of respect for members of the public who wait to address them on items of crucial concern. It also violates, at the least, the spirit of the PA Sunshine Act enacted to ensure the public's right to be meaningfully included in government business.
Five members of APPS spoke in defense of public education. Lisa Haver, on behalf of APPS members, called for the Board to ask for Superintendent Hite's resignation in light of the scathing OIG report.
Board Approves KJR Contract, Denies KOZ
Action Item 1, KJR Consulting contract: Passed 5-3, with Akbar, Fix Lopez, and McIver dissenting.
Action Items 2, 3, 4: Passed unanimously.
Action Item 9, KOZ zone: More discussion on this Item. (The presiding officer, whether Wilkerson or whoever may be sitting in for her, should conduct meetings according to the rules of Parliamentary procedure: A motion is made, then seconded, discussion takes place, discussion is closed, roll-call vote taken.) The Board actually had a Deputy Mayor and a Hilco representative on the line so that both could be ready to do on-the-spot lobbying for Hilco during the voting. There was no digital clock limiting their time. Wilkerson's advice to fellow Board Members was to take direction from City officials since they have the "expertise" on the matter. However, if it is the responsibility of the Board to pass KOZ matters, it is also the responsibility of the Board to make informed and independent decisions. It is disturbing to see the Board President shirk this duty and advise others to do the same. The 4-3 vote, with one abstention, meant the Item failed to pass. Board Members Akbar, Fix Lopez, and McIver voted No. Member Huang abstained, but failed to explain why: that his firm, Econsult, has worked on the HILCO project. That resulted in a 4-4 vote; in this case, five votes are needed to pass.
The Board is still short one member as Mayor Kenney has failed to replace Chris McGinley, who resigned in April. Since the Mayor submitted a letter recommending approval of this KOZ site, one could speculate this will increase the likelihood of a new Board Member appointment.
Action Item 26, Resolution for Black Lives Matter at School: Passed unanimously. McColgan said that she supported the idea but moved to table the resolution to allow for more "robust discussion". Her motion to table received no second. McColgan's remarks indicate a lack of understanding about the work of anti-racism, as well as a lack of understanding about who should take the lead for this effort. At time marker 3:08:34 in the video of this meeting, McColgan says: "My other worry. I worry about terms. Negative terms, not like bad, meaning what we want as opposed to what we don't want. Like anti-racism, I want more than that. I don't know what the opposite of anti-racist is…multiracial, inclusive, sensitive to everyone, equity…" Ibram X. Kendi's important book How to be an Anti-racist explains on page 9 that the opposite of "racist" isn't "not racist". It is "anti-racist." It is crucial for Board Members to understand what anti-racist work means. McColgan may be well intentioned. But she fails to understand the meaning behind dismissing the term "anti-racist" as not enough. And learning to take the lead from Black people already doing this work is crucial for a white person in a seat of power. McColgan also questioned Dr. Hite about staff input. She has been present on every occasion when staff and principals rallied for this effort with their three allotted minutes to speak. As Angela McIver asked, how are passing this resolution and continuing robust discussion mutually exclusive?
Action Items 5-13 and 15-25 (Action Item 14 was withdrawn by staff and included in Item 15): passed. Huang abstained from Items 8, 13, and 24.
Speakers on General Topics
Once again, the Board became invisible as speakers addressed general topics. Many Paraprofessionals waited hours to speak about their working conditions, salary struggles, and feelings of invisibility during their contract negotiations.
CASA President Robin Cooper told the Board once again that packaged administration PowerPoints do not honestly reflect the state of the District, as far as principals can see. The Hite administration relies on surveys to determine opinions of staff, students, and families. But as Cooper pointed out, the surveys often only offer choices preferred by administration; they do not provide room for others. The survey initially distributed to principals did not include the remote learning choice. Cooper also addressed the second scandal of the week–the administration's virtual learning director, Tracy Ocasio, held simultaneous positions in Philadelphia and Columbus, Ohio until exposed by local press. Cooper noted that the lack of a reopening Plan B has now placed her members in the dangerous position of having to enter buildings, move supplies, and have members of 32BJ (custodians and building engineers) return to work in unsafe conditions–all while struggling to meet the demands of remote learning. Cooper noted the disastrous results when the Hite administration, ignoring the pleas of parents and educators, refused to formulate any Plan B for the Ben Franklin/SLA project.
The meeting adjourned after five hours. The next Board Policy Committee meeting is scheduled for September 3rd at 1:00 PM. The Joint Committee is scheduled for 4 PM the same day. The next Action Meeting is scheduled for September 17th at 5:00 p.m.


text:
A Microsoft Windows XP (eredeti kódnevén Whistler) a Microsoft Windows operációs rendszer egyik verziója. A 2001. október 25-én kiadott két alapváltozat (Professional és Home Edition) magyar nyelven is megjelent. A Windows XP-vel a Microsoft egybeolvasztotta az otthoni és üzleti felhasználóknak címzett operációs rendszer vonalait, a Windows 2000 alapkód körül egyesítve ezeket. A terméktámogatás Mainstream Support fázisa 2009 áprilisáig tartott, a meghosszabbított támogatás pedig 2014. április 8-ig mind a Home, mind a Professional változatnál. Néhány országban (mint például Dél-Koreában) még mindig gyártják, különféle licencszerződések értelmében. A Windows XP a számítógépek 0,59%-án fut a StatCounter 2021. júniusi adatai szerint.

A név eredete
Az XP a termék nevében az angol experience (élmény) szóra utal, ezzel szimbolizálva a Windows XP-felhasználók részére nyújtott innovatív élményeket.

Felhasználói felület
A Windows XP új, feladatalapú, valamelyest egyszerűsített grafikus felhasználói felülettel rendelkezik ("Luna"). A Start menüt és a keresési megoldást újratervezték, és sok vizuális hatást adtak az operációs rendszerhez.

A Windows XP beépítetten kezeli a "vizuális stílusok" használatát, viszont ezeket a Microsoftnak digitálisan alá kell írnia, hogy működjenek. A Windows XP alapértelmezés szerint két vizuális stílussal rendelkezik (melyet három különböző színsémára lehet állítani). A korábbi, Windows 2000-szerű kinézet is választható.

Alapértelmezett háttérképe magyarul a Lanka. Szélesebb körben Bliss néven ismert.

Kiadások

A Windows XP az alábbi kiadásokban jelent meg:

Windows XP Professional
A 2001-ben kiadott, magyarul is megjelent Windows XP Professional a Windows 98SE-nél megbízhatóbb és biztonságosabb, a Windows 2000 alapjaira épülő rendszert adott a felhasználók kezébe, amely ötvözte a Windows 9x vonal felhasználó-központúságát a Windows 2000 stabilitásával és kiforrottságával, hiszen ez utóbbi a Windows NT továbbfejlesztése volt (NT4.0 illetve NT3.x) elsősorban szerver-kliens műveletek kiszolgálásra optimalizálva.. Az újdonságok közé tartozott az új megjelenés, a távoli asztal támogatása, a fájlrendszer titkosítása, a rendszer-visszaállító és speciális hálózati funkciók. Kulcsfontosságú újítás a hordozható számítógépek felhasználóinak a vezeték nélküli 802.1x hálózati támogatás, valamint a Windows Messenger és a Távsegítség és telepítés.

Windows XP Home Edition
A 2001-ben kiadott, magyar nyelven is megjelent Windows XP Home Edition új, egyszerűsített megjelenést nyújtott. Az otthoni felhasználóknak tervezett operációs rendszer olyan újításokat nyújt, mint a Hálózat telepítése varázsló, a Windows Media Player, a Windows Movie Maker és a javított digitálisfénykép-kezelés. A Professional-tól eltérően ez nem képes kihasználni a többprocesszoros PC-k SMP lehetőségeit.

Windows XP 64-Bit Edition
A 2003-ban kiadott 64 bites Windows XP-változat az olyan felhasználók igényeit célozta meg, akik 64 bites processzort használó munkacsoportokban dolgoztak. Az első 64 bites Windows operációs rendszer, a Windows XP 64-Bit Edition (kódnevén Sundown) a specializált, technikai munkacsoport-felhasználóknak volt tervezve, akiknek sok memóriára és lebegőpontos teljesítményre van szüksége az olyan területen, mint a filmek speciális effektjei, a 3D animáció, a tervezés és a tudományos alkalmazások. Ez a változat 64 bites Intel Itanium processzorokat támogatott.

Windows XP Media Center Edition
Az otthoni számítógépezéshez és szórakozáshoz adta ki a Microsoft a Windows XP Media Center Edition (kódnevén Freestyle) operációs rendszert 2002 októberében speciális médiaközpontú személyi számítógépekre.

A Windows XP Professional összes előnyével együtt a Media Center Edition további digitális média és szórakoztatási lehetőségeket nyújtott, így az otthoni felhasználók böngészhettek az interneten, élő televíziót nézhettek, kommunikálhattak a barátaikkal és családjukkal, digitális zene- és videokollekciókat és DVD-ket nézhettek, és otthonról dolgozhattak.

A Windows XP Media Center Editionnek a kezdeti kiadása óta két frissítése is volt, az egyik a 2004, a másik a 2005-ös számú. A Media Center Edition 2005-ben számos új szolgáltatás és javítás tartalmazott.

Windows XP Tablet PC Edition
A Microsoft 2002 novemberében mutatta be a Windows XP Tablet Editiont. A notebook számítógépek következő lépése, a tábla PC-k egy tollat használnak kézírás-felismerési lehetőségekhez, de billentyűzettel és egérrel is használhatók voltak. A felhasználók a létező Windows XP alkalmazásaikat is futtathatták ezen az operációs rendszeren. Így egy a hagyományos notebook számítógépeknél sokkal sokrétűbb és hordozhatóbb számítógépet kaptak.

Windows XP Starter Edition
A Windows XP Starter Edition egy olcsóbb Windows XP, mely csak a fejlődő országokban érhető el. Hasonlít a Windows XP Home Editionhöz, de bizonyos funkciókat eltávolítottak belőle, és korlátozásokat adtak hozzá: a képernyőfelbontás legfeljebb 1024 × 768 képpontra állítható, egyszerre legfeljebb három alkalmazás futtatható, az otthoni hálózat és a nyomtatómegosztás nem hozzáférhető, és csak egy felhasználói fiók van engedélyezve, melynek neve owner. Az operációs rendszerhez honosított súgófunkciókat adtak, országfüggő háttérképeket és képernyőkímélőket, és számos előre meghatározott beállítást, hogy könnyebb legyen a kezdőknek használniuk a Windowst.

A terméket azért adták ki, hogy a szerényebb anyagi körülmények között élők is biztonságosan és felhasználóbarát felületen internetezhessenek. A gyártó nem titkolt célja, hogy visszaszorítsa az illegális szoftverek piacát azokon a területeken, ahol egyébként a legnagyobb mértékű a szoftverkalózkodás.

Windows XP Professional x64 Edition
x64 architektúrájú processzorokhoz kiadott, a Windows Server 2003 SP1-en alapuló változat, AMD AMD64 technológiájú vagy Intel EM64T kiegészítéssel rendelkező rendszerekre. A közös kódbázis miatt ugyanazok a szervizcsomagok és hotfixek vonatkoznak rá, mint a Windows Server 2003 x64-es változatára.

Windows XP kiegészítések (Extended Edition)

Szervizcsomagok
A Microsoft szervizcsomagokat (service pack) is kiad a Windows operációs rendszerhez, hogy problémákat javítsanak és funkciókat adjanak a rendszerhez. Ezek a csomagok kumulatívak, vagyis tartalmazzák az addig megjelent összes frissítést, illetve akár új szolgáltatásokkal is bővíthetik a rendszert.

Service Pack 1
Az 1. szervizcsomag (Service Pack 1; SP1) angol verzióját 2002. szeptember 9-én adták ki. Legfontosabb funkciói az USB 2.0-támogatás és a Programok hozzáférhetősége és alapértelmezései nevű kisalkalmazás. Ez a csomag 320 programjavítást tartalmaz.

Nem sokkal később kiadtak egy 1a verziót a szervizcsomagból, hogy eltávolítsák a Microsoft-féle Java virtuális gépet, ugyanis elvesztették a Sun Microsystemsszel szembeni bírósági ügyet. Jelenleg Szervizcsomag 1-nek az 1a-t nevezzük.

Service Pack 2
A 2. szervizcsomag, a Service Pack 2 (SP2) angol verzióját 2004. augusztus 6-án adták, a magyar változatot pedig szeptember 22-én. Ez a szervizcsomag erősen a biztonságra fókuszál. Az eddigi szervizcsomagokkal szemben az SP2 sok új funkciót ad a Windows XP-hez, beleértve egy új tűzfalat (lecserélve az internetkapcsolat tűzfalát Windows tűzfalra), WiFi-segédprogramot, előugróablak-blokkoló funkciót az Internet Explorerhez, valamint továbbfejlesztett Bluetooth-támogatást. Továbbá új alkalmazásprogramozási felületet is tartalmaz, melynek segítségével a külső víruskeresők és tűzfalak együttműködhetnek az új biztonsági központ alkalmazással, mely általános áttekintést ad a rendszer biztonságáról. Ennek a változatnak a segítségével valamelyest csökkenthető a kémprogramok és vírusok jelentette veszély. Összesen 800 hibajavítást és programbővítést tartalmaz.

Az SP2 egyúttal számos frissítést nyújt a Tablet PC Edition és a Media Center Edition részére is.

Service Pack 3

A Windows XP Service Pack 3 (SP3) build 5512-nek 2008. április 21-én készült el a gyártásra kész verziója. Nyilvánosan 2008. május 6-ától hozzáférhető a Microsoft letöltőközpont oldalán és a Windows Update-en. Nyár elejétől automatikusan települt a felhasználóknak. A Microsoft Dynamics Retail Management Systemmel való kompatibilitási probléma miatt a Microsoft azt javasolja, hogy az SP3-at az érintett rendszerekre ne telepítse senki, míg nem készül el a hotfix. Az XP-hez különálló letöltésként eddig is hozzáférhető új képességekről, továbbá a Windows Vistából vissza-portolt képességekről (mint a feketelyuk-útválasztók észlelése, a hálózatvédelem (Network Access Protection, NAP) és a Windows Imaging Component) a Microsoft egy ismertetőt adott ki. A Microsoft állítása szerint 1174 hibajavítást integráltak az SP3-ba. Az Internet Explorer 7-et nem tartalmazza a szervizcsomag.

Új képességek listája
 feketelyuk-útválasztók észlelése
 hálózatvédelem (Network Access Protection, NAP)
 CredSSP biztonsági szolgáltató
 Részletesebb felhasználói felület a Vezérlőpultról elérhető biztonsági beállítások megadásához
 A Rendszergazda és Szolgáltatás házirendbejegyzések fokozott biztonsága
 Microsoft kernel módú kriptográfiai modul
 Windows termékaktiválás – nem szükséges már a telepítéskor megadni a termékkulcsot

Eltávolított képességek
 A tálca "cím" eszköztára el lett távolítva. A TechNeten azt írják, jogi megfontolásokból kellett megszüntetni a funkcionalitást. Ez valószínűleg az USA vs. Microsoft, esetleg EU vs. Microsoft perre utal az Internet Explorer és a Microsoft Windows árukapcsolásáról. A funkcionalitás visszaállítható a browseui.dll régebbi változatának visszamásolásával vagy ingyenes alternatívák használatával (például MuvEnum Address Bar vagy a Windows Asztali Kereső Deskbarja).

Részletek
A "slipstreamelt", azaz SP3-mal integrált kiskereskedelmi és OEM XP telepítő médiumok termékkulcs nélkül is telepíthetők, és teljes funkcionalitással futtathatók 30 napig, aminek letelte után a felhasználótól kéri a termékkulcsot a termékaktivációhoz. A mennyiségi termékkulcsos (Volume Licence Key) verziók továbbra is kérik a termékkulcsot a telepítés megkezdése előtt.

A Service Pack 3 telepíthető az Internet Explorer 6 vagy 7-et, illetve a Windows Media Player versions 9 fölötti bármelyik verzióját tartalmazó számítógépekre. A szervizcsomag nem frissíti fel az Internet Explorert 7-es vagy újabb, sem a Windows Media Playert 11-es vagy újabb változatokra. Bár az operációs rendszerek szervizcsomagjai a Microsoftnál eddig mindig kumulatívak (az összes eddigi szervizcsomagot tartalmazók) voltak, az SP3-at kizárólag olyan számítógépekre lehet telepíteni, amikre legalább a Windows XP 1-es szervizcsomagja fel lett telepítve. Természetesen lehetséges az SP3-at az XP média telepítőfájljaiba integrálni (slipstreamelni) – akár az SP2-es, SP1-essel integrált, akár az eredeti RTM változat telepítőfájljaiba. Az SP3 slipstreamelése a Windows XP Media Center Edition 2005-be nem támogatott.

A Service Pack 3 nem tartalmaz frissítéseket a Windows XP Media Center Edition (MCE) és a Windows XP Tablet PC Edition rendszerkomponenseihez, sem a Windows XP SKU-iban szereplő .NET Framework 1.0 és 1.1 verziókhoz. Az SP3 szintén nem tartalmaz biztonsági frissítéseket a Windows Media Player 10-hez, bár a lejátszót tartalmazza a Windows XP MCE 2005.

Kritikák
A Rendszer visszaállítása funkció a partíciók 12%-át foglalja le, a lomtár a 10%-át, az ideiglenesen letöltött internetfájlok kb. az 5%-át, és nincs beállított felső határ, így egy 100 GB-os merevlemezen akár 25 GB helyet is elfoglalhat a rendszer.

A rendszer automatikusan bekapcsol olyan védelmi funkciókat (például tűzfal), melyről a felhasználót nem tájékoztatja, és ezzel több nehezen orvosolható hibát eredményezhet.

A Windows XP az automata hálózati beállítással hálózati forgalmat generál, így például kérés nélkül próbálkozik az internetszolgáltató kiszolgálóiban "módosításokat elvégezni" (dinamikus DNS), a tűzfalak által általában "támadásként" jelzett erőszakos megosztási és hálózatfelderítési csomagokkal terheli a helyi hálózatot (UPNP), és általánosan megnehezíti a hálózati és internetproblémák felderítését a számtalan gyári beállítás miatt. Ezen lehetőségeket lehetséges kikapcsolni, de ehhez már a rendszer alaposabb ismerete szükséges, amire pont a megcélzott réteg (a számítástechnikához nem értő felhasználó) nem képes.

Kínában 2009 novemberében felfüggesztették az operációs rendszer értékesítését: a kínai illetőségű Zhongyi Electronics szerzői jogi vitában áll a Microsofttal és a bíróság első fokon a helyi cég javára döntött.

Terméktámogatásának vége
A Microsoft 2014. április 8-án megszüntette az operációs rendszer támogatását. Ez azt jelenti, hogy már nem bocsát ki biztonsági és stabilitási frissítéseket a patch-keddeken, ám ettől a rendszer még ugyanúgy használható. A Microsoft egyidejűleg úgy tervezte, hogy a Security Essentials vírusvédelmi rendszerük szintén nem kap frissítéseket, amennyiben XP-re van telepítve. Ezt később visszavonták, és még másfél évig (2015. július 14-ig) támogatták az elavult rendszer felhasználóit. Az életciklus lejártára a kínai kormány egy kéréssel fordult a Microsofthoz, hogy hosszabbítsák meg a terméktámogatást, hisz Kína az elmúlt időszakban 160 millió dollárt költött az állami gépeken futó XP-k legalizálására, és nem terveznek újabb beruházást. A Microsoft a váltás megkönnyítése érdekében minden oldalukra látogatót tájékoztatnak egy e célból létrehozott támogatási oldalon, illetve egy oldalon bárki informálódhat, hogy milyen operációs rendszert használ, és megtudhatja teendőit a váltás esetén. Az oldal címe: www.amirunningxp.com

 2006. október 10-én megszűnt a Windows XP SP1 támogatása
 2010. július 13-án megszűnt a Windows XP SP2 támogatása
 2014. április 8-án megszűnt a Windows XP SP3 támogatása

Az életciklus lejárta közeledtével a végpontvédelmi alkalmazásokat gyártó cégek is rendre elkezdték bejelenteni az XP-n futó termékeik támogatásának végét. Ugyanezt nem tette meg mindegyik cég, a többség még legalább 2 évig (2016-ig) támogatta a rendszert. A felhasználó az AV-TEST weboldalán bármikor informálódhat a támogatás lejártáról.

Az alábbi felsorolásban a vírusirtócégek várható támogatási ideje látható, 2014 januárjához viszonyítva:

 Avast: 2016-ig támogatott
 AVG: 2016-ig támogatott
 Avira: 2015. április 8-án lejárt, már nem támogatott
 BitDefender: 2016 januárjában lejár, üzleti felhasználóknak 2017 januárjában fejeződik be a terméktámogatás
 Comodo: 2016-ig támogatott
 Emsisoft: legalább 2016 áprilisáig támogatott
 ESET: legalább 2017 áprilisáig támogatott
 F-Secure: 2016-ig támogatott
 G DATA: legalább 2016 áprilisáig támogatott
 Kaspersky: 2018-ig támogatott
 McAffe: 2016-ig támogatott
 Microsoft Security Essentials: 2015. július 14-én lejárt, már nem támogatott
 Panda: 2016-ig támogatott
 Sophos: a támogatás 2015. szeptember 30-án lejárt, már nem támogatott
 Symantec: nem tudni
 Norton: nem tudni
 Trend Micro: 2017. január 30-án lejár
 Vipre: 2015 áprilisáig volt támogatott
 Webroot: 2019 áprilisáig támogatott
 ZoneAlarm: legalább 2 évig támogatott

Jegyzetek

Lásd még

 Microsoft Windows
 Grafikus felhasználói felület
 Operációs rendszerek listája
 Szoftver
 Windows XP-parancsok listája

Források
 A Windows XP hivatalos webhelye
 A Windows XP hivatalos webhelye
 Mister XP - Windows XP trükkök és leírások

További információk
 PC fórum, Sting: Több mint 800 hibát javít a Windows XP SP2
 XP.lap.hu
 ORIGO: Vámosi Gergő: Tegyük rendbe a Windows XP-t
 A Windows XP használata a terméktámogatás megszűnése után

XP

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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List of Recommended Directory of PayPal Bingo Sites online sites
Summing up Recommended Directory of PayPal Bingo Sites by £5 Bingo Sites
Where Can I find the best £5 Bingo Sites that offer PayPal as an option?
PayPal is by far the most popular means of electronic payment – a convenient way to make purchases or transfer money online. It is also one of the oldest, having been bought by and used to popularise the first major online market place, eBay. It is now an independent public company, having been spun off by eBay in 2015.
Some History on PayPal
PayPal may well now be the biggest name in online payments, but at its birth at the very beginning of online trading, it was very small fry indeed. Like many massive companies, its early history is shrouded in myth and mystery. Much like the source of the Amazon (both the river and the company), the precise story of its origin is open to dispute and varied interpretations. Most can agree that it was founded as little as twenty years ago, back in 1998, when some far-sighted American entrepreneurs saw the need for an electronic alternative to paying by cheque or money orders (known as postal orders in the United Kingdom). These soon-to-be tycoons set up their new company, called Confinity, which launched a new electronic money transfer service, called PayPal, the following year.
It was at this point that the now world famous Elon Musk became involved (see below), as Confinity was merged with the youthful Musk's X.com company. Unfortunately, the new company's name has apparently unintended but potentially pornographic connotations. It was therefore rejected as the new name for the service, which continued to be known as PayPal.
The new payment service was incredibly popular and expanded rapidly, so much so that the decision was taken to take the new company public in 2002. Its launch on the New York stock exchange generated over $60 million. This must have seemed like a very successful and lucrative launch, but it was blown out of the water shortly afterwards. This was when the rapidly expanding online marketplace eBay saw the new payment system as the perfect vehicle for handling payments between traders and customers on their site. They bought PayPal outright later the same year for what seemed at the time an incredible $1.5 million.
PayPal then became the default choice for eBay transactions, covering around three quarters of all the bargains struck on the site. It was so successful that rival e-payment services set up by internet and financial giants like Yahoo, Citibank and Western Union were soon forced to close.
PayPal continued to grow rapidly whilst under the wing of its eBay owners. By 2010 it was far and away the world's favoured electronic payment system, with more than 100 million active customers across close to 200 different countries, using a couple of dozen different currencies.
In 2014, the decision was taken to spin-off this incredibly successful operation. This was process was completed in July 2015, when eBay relinquished control of PayPal, which became an independent publicly traded company once again.
The latest figures, from 2017, show that PayPal now has close to 200 million account holders across the world. This includes 20 million accounts held in the United Kingdom alone. The service is now active in over 200 countries across the globe. In addition to the US dollar, customers can also use any of 25 different currencies for their transactions, including all of those most commonly used by UK based customers and travellers, such as the pound sterling and the Euro.
So how does it all Work?
In short, PayPal is a fast, simple and secure way to pay online. It's easy to sign up and completely free. All you need to do is provide your e-mail address. You'll need to create a password, and then link your newly created PayPal account to your bank account, debit or credit card. You can even use all three if you wish.
The important thing to note with PayPal is that you don't need to have any money in your PayPal account. What happens is that when you want to make a purchase, you just tap in your e-mail address and password, or mobile number and PIN if you are using your phone. Your payment is then made by PayPal by automatically deducting your payment directly from your chosen credit or debit account.
There are so many advantages when using PayPal. Firstly, it is free to you the buyer. Sellers pay a small commission for accepting PayPal payments, but you, as the buyer, are not charged at all. Secondly, it's easy: no reaching into your wallet, purse or handbag for that elusive plastic card; no fiddling with expiry dates and validation procedures – just one click or tap and a password or PIN and it's done.
Then of course there is the security angle. Because PayPal has your banking details safely stored away, you don't have to give these to the retailer or seller at all. PayPal takes care of the payment directly. No-one can see your bank card, nor watch you when you key or tap your banking details on your computer, tablet or mobile, nor overhear your conversation on the phone. Your banking details can't even be hacked, because you're not sending them!
Just look for the PayPal button when you check out or make payments online. One click or tap and a PIN or password and you're there. And if you download the PayPal app, you can even make payments to your friends and keep track of all your transactions on your phone.
Also, with PayPal Buyer Protection, you are effectively insured against your goods not arriving, or failing to be as expected. If you don't receive what you paid for, or what you do get is not as described, you can claim a full refund directly from PayPal.
All of this is provided completely free to you the customer in the vast majority of transactions. There are some rare occasions where you may have to pay a small fee. The most common reason for this is that you are likely to be charged a currency conversion fee if the seller's currency is different to yours.
PayPal remains the most popular and convenient way to make electronic payments when buying goods or services online. It really is the ideal option for paying for anything online swiftly and easily. And what's more, for almost all typical everyday transactions, it's completely free. As the company's own promotional strapline says, it really is "Fast, Simple and Secure".
Some Background on its Founder Elon Musk
Elon Musk may be the iconic name most associated with the development of PayPal, but in truth he wasn't around for long. He was the owner of X.com, which merged with PayPal owners Confinity in 2000. He was the original CEO of the newly merged company, but soon fell out with his fellow directors over the future strategy of the payment service. He was subsequently removed from his role, but remained on the board. He also remained the company's largest shareholder, owning nearly 12% of PayPal's shares. This meant that when PayPal was acquired by eBay in October 2002, Musk received a cool $165 million by way of compensation.
This fortune enabled him to begin his amazing line-up of technology companies. He remains at the forefront of technological development in the United States to this day. Perhaps the most famous of these is Space X, his space rocket design company. With this company, he has invested heavily in rocket technology, working closely with the US Government funded NASA organisation. Indeed, his own company's rocket launches now propel NASA's own satellites into orbit and contribute to supplying provisions for the International Space Station (ISS). This has become an essential support mechanism for NASA ever since the retirement of their Space Shuttles in 2011. Space X is the first commercial company to do this, and one of the very first private companies to venture into space at all.
Space X's Falcon rockets and Dragon spacecraft are at the cutting edge of modern day space technology, an incredible achievement for a non-state funded organisation. This innovation is demonstrated by the company's development of reusable technology: they have successfully landed their rockets back on their launch pads. This has been achieved not only on land, but also at sea, where the rocket was successfully soft-landed on a remotely controlled ship. This is not just a clever trick: re-usable rockets are intended to drive down the costs of space technology. Space X has now been awarded a contract by NASA to develop a crew carrying spacecraft, so that it will be able to transport astronauts as well as cargo in the future.
As if this was not enough, the company is aiming even further afield. Musk is planning to reach the planet Mars. He intends to land humans on Mars by 2030, and found a self-sustaining space colony on the Red Planet by 2040. Given the current rapid rate of technological improvement, who would bet against him? He certainly has confidence in his plans, stating that he would like to go to the planet himself. In fact he jokes that he even plans to die there, just not on impact.
But Elon Musk is also very involved with other earth based technologies too. He provides the investment behind his Tesla motors project. Tesla are at the forefront of electrical motor development, selling not only his Tesla branded cars, but also providing electric engines for some big name mainstream car manufacturers like Daimler, Mercedes and Toyota. This technology is likely to become ever more important in the future, as oil is predicted to become more scarce (and therefore more expensive), and as a way of attempting to limit air and noise pollution and carbon dioxide and particle emissions.
In addition to this, Elon is also the name behind Solar City, an attempt to improve solar power generation, and Hyperloop, a futuristic high speed transportation system using magnetic induction motors and compressed air to propel passenger capsules through sealed tubes. And the ideas just keep coming. His most recent projects include the development of a tunnelling machine. With his trademark humour, the name of the organisation responsible for this exciting project is the Boring Company.
Lastly, but almost certainly not finally, he has co-founded a new start-up company called Neurolink. This is an attempt to provide a direct link between the human brain and artificial intelligence by producing brain implants which can communicate with computer software and artificial intelligence technology. The ultimate goal is to enable the human brain to communicate directly with computers and other devices.
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Tim Thompson is back tonight with another great guest review - take it away, Tim!
I'm back with another review, this time it's for the FW Godzilla in the same series as the Gigan I reviewed before. I found him at the same place: my local CVS pharmacy. He was also $7.99; plus it was a buy-one-get-one-free sale, but I only got him since they didn't have Anguiras.
Adequate, open-front box. The back half is kind of flimsy, but It stands up to shelf wear fairly well. The back has an image of each monster in the line: Gigan, Rodan, Anguiras, and Godzilla. You can see the front, back, and entire left side of the figure, but it also leaves it vulnerable to sticky little hands. I was lucky enough to get the better of the two they had.
This is an amazing sculpt of the FW Godzilla. He's not as soft a sculpt as you'd figure a standard rotocast toy being. From the rocky-texture on the spines to the individual scales all over his body, Bandai nailed it again.
His arms and hands are a little skinnier than I remember, but I haven't seen the movie in about a year.
Each nail is unique on his fingers and toes. Small creases like a real claw are there and it really shows the quality that the modern toy companies are shooting for. His head is sculpted looking slightly to one side, and it's a nice touch.
Also, the majority of the spines are molded separate. It simplifies the molding process, but there is an obvious seam on his back.
The application is ok, but not perfect. Less white could be used on the spines, maybe a single outline like was used on the Burning Godzilla I reviewed before. The white details go to the very tip of the tail, so that's an improvement.
They say the eyes are the windows to the soul, in this case it is almost true. The eyes are so realistic, I actually scared myself when I stared at them too long. I have no idea how to describe them, so I'll let the pics speak fro themselves.
He has the same as the Burning Godzilla only these are more useful thanks to the design: swivel arms, cut hips that let him take a decent step, a cut neck and he turns at the tail. This joint actually works, as the spot the tails is attached at is slightly bigger, allowing the tail to pivot up/down slightly.
It could be possible in this packaging, but I don't see it happening anytime soon.
I'm glad he doesn't have one, as I know of none that could be added and still keep him under $20.
These things are perfect for adult collectors and children alike. There's nothing like seeing a kid terrorize his lego city with Godzilla, I know from experience.
$7.99 for a 6" Godzilla that moves? I say that's a pretty good deal, especially when they're BOGO.
Most specialty retailers online should have them. I've also seen some of the older series' figures at TRU stores and at Sears Essentials.
I reviewed Burning Godzilla and "Final Wars" Gigan earlier.


The crafting world often draws inspiration from style trends. Vintage is "in," and I'm loving it. Somehow, I've collected three different stamps of typewriters, and I'm sure I'll find a use for all of them.
I also found a stamp set that includes an image of a rotary-dial telephone. For this card, I stamped in white ink, embossed with clear embossing powder and embellished with ribbon, a Fastenater staple and brads. If you have brads, a brad-hole punch is a must. I don't miss the days when I punched my cardstock with a large safety pin.
Make a card from a 6 1/4-by-9-inch piece of green cardstock (I used a piece of Bazzill Dotted Swiss). Cut a 3 1/2-by-6 1/4-inch piece of patterned transparency (such as one from the Black & White Collection by Me & My Big Ideas). Place a dot of glue (such as Aleene's Jewel-It) in each corner of the transparency and adhere it to the left side on the front of the card.
Cut 1 1/2-by-4 1/2-inch and 3/4-by-4 1/2-inch pieces of black cardstock. Stamp a phone image on the first piece and "swell" on the second piece (the stamps I used are from the Hello There collection by American Crafts) in white (such as Colorbox Cat's Eye Queue classic pigment ink in frost white), both near the pieces' right edges.
Cover the stamped images in clear embossing powder and shake off the excess; emboss with a heat gun. Attach four silver brads in the corners of the "phone" piece. Attach a staple near the left edge of the "swell" piece (I used my EK Success Fastenater and a silver staple).
Tie black-and-white ribbon and white polka-dot organza ribbon around the left end of the phone piece. Cut a 1 3/4-by-4 1/2-inch piece of vellum; adhere underneath this piece. Adhere the "swell" piece just above the bottom of the card. Adhere the phone piece just above that.
Great card, June! Love the color combo.
Love the colors in this card – fabulous! What a striking transparency too. TFS your inspiration – happy NSD!


Implementation Group Committed Organizations. (2018, June 26). Direct Project, . Retrieved 17:47, April 24, 2019 from http://wiki.directproject.org/w/index.php?title=Implementation_Group_Committed_Organizations&oldid=441.
"Implementation Group Committed Organizations." Direct Project, . 26 Jun 2018, 00:39 UTC. 24 Apr 2019, 17:47 <http://wiki.directproject.org/w/index.php?title=Implementation_Group_Committed_Organizations&oldid=441>.
Direct Project contributors, "Implementation Group Committed Organizations," Direct Project, , http://wiki.directproject.org/w/index.php?title=Implementation_Group_Committed_Organizations&oldid=441 (accessed April 24, 2019).
Direct Project contributors. Implementation Group Committed Organizations [Internet]. Direct Project, ; 2018 Jun 26, 00:39 UTC [cited 2019 Apr 24]. Available from: http://wiki.directproject.org/w/index.php?title=Implementation_Group_Committed_Organizations&oldid=441.
Implementation Group Committed Organizations, http://wiki.directproject.org/w/index.php?title=Implementation_Group_Committed_Organizations&oldid=441 (last visited April 24, 2019).


text:
Q: C++ template function with the using keyword and parameter pack // I have an alias like this
template<typename ... Args>
using msg_formatter = string(const string&, const Args &... );

// and it is returned by a class like this
class logger{
public:
msg_formatter* formatter() const;
};

// then somewhere else I wanna be able to call this
logger log;
log.formatter()("my text: %d", 123);

however this doesn't seems to work, any idea?
thanks a lot.

A: Since msg_formatter is a template the template arguments must be provided in the return type, but since you don't know the type that will be passed you need another level of indirection. If you have C++14 you can return a lambda from the function using auto return type deduction:
auto formatter() {
  return [](const string&, auto const&...) {/*...*/};
}

If you have <C++14 you can make your own struct with a operator() and return that instead.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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text:
Walden U Library
Search articles, books, media, & more
Search library skills, Quick Answers, articles, & more
Business Failure Rates
Business Failure Rates: Home
Where to begin the search
United States government websites
Sample search terms for articles
Business & Management databases
Return to Business and Management Research
In order to study business failure rates, you have to first define what a business "failure" is. We use quotes around failure because there's no clear-cut definition. Unfortunately, there is no easy answer to the business failure rate question, nor is there one place where the data is available as easy-to-read statistics. You may need to interpret and calculate the raw data, turning it into the statistical information necessary for your research. You need to be ready to do some work if you find that no one else has already done this ahead of you.
These are things to consider.
When does a business fail, and when does it simply close?
If a start-up closes within the first few years because it's insufficiently funded, then it's easier to argue it has failed.
Is it a failure if it ran for 5 years? 10 years?
Is it also a failure if it made a profit but not as much as the owner hoped?
The Small Business Administration and Bureau of Labor Statistics keep statistics on business exits. This is the number of businesses that close in any given year. Notice that they're not tracking business failures, because the term is subjective, as discussed in the section above. Business exits is probably the number that you should seek out, but you need to think carefully about what it will provide.
Business exits include any company that closes, such as:
a new start up that ran out of money
a company that has been operating for a few years but is closed because the owner wants to change direction
a company that closes after 30 years of fabulous success with a wealthy owner retiring to Hawaii
You will need to plot the survival rates by industry for firms founded in a specific year. Listed below are helpful government websites that track business exits or other related statistics or information.
The U.S. Government collects and presents useful data for business and industry research. Explore these sites for data and statistics.
Note: This list features some of the most commonly used sites, but it is not exhaustive. For help in finding other useful sites for your research, contact the Library via the Ask a Librarian service.
Bureau of Labor Statistics Business Employment Dynamics
The BED data series include gross job gains and gross job losses at the establishment level by industry subsector and for the 50 states, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, and the Virgin Islands, as well as gross job gains and gross job losses at the firm level by employer size class.
Business Dynamics Statistics (U.S. Census Bureau)
Longitudinal source data that allows tracking a business or industry over time.
County/Zip Code Business Patterns (U.S. Census Bureau)
North American Industry Classification System (NAICS, from U.S. Census Bureau)
Identify the NAICS code for the industry you are researching, and build it into your searches in Business databases to make your searching more precise.
Small Business Administration (U.S.): Firm Size Data
Firm size data on employers are available from the Statistics of U.S. Businesses (SUSB), Business Dynamics Statistics (BDS), and Business Employment Dynamics (BED) programs, and data on nonemployers is available from the Nonemployer Statistics (NE) program.
Small Business Administration (U.S.): Office of Advocacy Quarterly Bulletin
Advocacy's two-pager of charts and tables uses economic variables to show the status of small business.
Small Business Administration (U.S.): Small Business Facts
Small Business Administration provides reports and graphics on general business births and exits.
You can sometimes find articles that will present figures on failure rates, but be cautious and take a close look at how the article is defining failure for that figure. Additionally, it may be useful to search for business survival rates for various time-spans (e.g. 5 years).
Here are some alternate terms:
business exits
business closures
business AND births OR deaths
business survival OR business longevity OR business mortality
Tutorial: Boolean Searching (Using AND, OR, NOT)
(4 min 45 sec) Closed captioning included in tutorial.
Business Source Complete
The Business Source Complete database contains both practical and scholarly business information. You can search Business Source Complete for full text scholarly journal articles, case studies, company profiles, reports, conference papers, financial data, and SWOT analyses.
ABI/INFORM Collection
ABI/INFORM Collection offers over 2,000 full text resources including peer-reviewed journals, trade publications, business news, reports, and working papers. Topics include all aspects of international business, such as business trends, management practice and theory, corporate strategy and tactics, and the competitive landscape.
Emerald Insight
Emerald is a leader in publishing management research for both the scholar and the practitioner. Be sure to search within My subscribed content to find full-text content.
Includes current peer-reviewed journal articles in psychology, political science, management, education, and more.
Coverage is particularly strong for the life and physical sciences, medicine, and technical fields, but also includes some social sciences and humanities.
SAGE Stats--See Data-Planet
Regional Business News
This database contains business news articles and periodicals, including Crain's publications.
Next Page: Return to Business and Management Research


text:
When was the tactic of chaining ships together last used in a major naval battle?
At the Battle of Sluys in 1340, the French fleet operated:
in accordance with the usual medieval tactics of a fleet fighting on the defensive. Quiéret and Béhuchet formed their forces into three or four lines chained together, with a few of the largest stationed in front as outposts.
The limitations of this tactic seem fairly obvious – severely restricted manoeuvrability – but, according this article on Medieval Maritime Warfare,
There are multiple contemporary accounts of ships being linked together with chains or cables in order to ensure formation integrity
Tying ships together was also used by, for example, the Vikings, to create a fighting platform (i.e. naval battles were often actually land battles fought at sea).
I'm thinking that one reason this tactic of tying ships together died out was the increasing use of cannons on ships, the first use in Europe believed to have been at the Battle of Arnemuiden in 1338.
When was the last battle in which ships were tied together?
The answer could be for anywhere in the world but it should be a battle involving at least 20 ships tied together. Note that this question refers only to ships of the same fleet being tied together – the use of grappling irons for boarding does not count.
As a supplementary question, were ships always tied together side by side or were they sometimes (for defensive purposes) tied bow to stern?
military naval records
Semaphore♦
Lars BosteenLars Bosteen
During the Battle of Cochin in 1504, a Calicut fleet consisting of some 160 vessels attacked the numerically much fewer, but technologically vastly more advanced Portuguese force.
Both sides lashed their ships together. From Wikipedia, on the Portuguese side, Duarte Pacheco Pereira:
. . . ordered the long sharpened poles drilled deep mid-channel and across the length of the ford, a makeshift stockade to block the passage of the infantry. He subsequently ordered the ships tied to each other, and to the banks (with iron cords, so that they could not be easily cut and set adrift). The ships were set with the broadsides facing the shores.
On the Calicut side, Elacanol of Edapalli prepared:
. . . [a] vanguard led by 110 well-armed and well-shielded paraus, tied together, followed by some 100 boat transports, packed with soldiers for the grapple . . . most peculiar of all, a series of 'floating castles' (invented by a certain 'Cogeale', an 'Arab of Edapalli'). Essentially, a 'floating castle' was a wooden siege tower, about 18 hands tall, with heavily reinforced sides, capable of carrying 40 armed men, mounted on two paraus lashed together. There were eight such castles, mounted on 16 boats, tied to each other, forming a single imposing line.
A paraus being was a oars and sails powered warship, comparable to the fusta.
Note that linking vessels up was not really an unknown tactic even late into the Age of Sail. However, as the question noted, chaining ships together in the style of Sluys became wildly impractical with the advent of ship borne cannon. Sluys was in large part a land battle, with armies moving on what was basically wooden islands. In later engagements, the ships were spaced too far apart for this kind of action.
In the Battle of the Nile, for example, the French ships of the line were 160 yards apart (Wikipedia has an illustration of the deployments). The French were supposed to string cables between each other, bow to stern, in order to prevent the English ships from cutting through their line, though evidently this wasn't fully completed. This can indeed be described as "chained together", but it bears little resemblance to the medieval tactic.
In general, the importance of the broadside meant it's difficult to imagine ships of the line being positioned, let alone tied, side to side, either defensively or offensively. For contrast, the Mediterranean galley fleets of the Late Middle Ages mainly relied on crossbow fire followed by boarding. They were thus often linked in a line abreast, even for attacking, in order to maintain a cohesive formation. In the case of fighting platforms such as those at Sluys, chaining ships side by side would've been the logical first choice.
Semaphore♦Semaphore
Interesting edit. I hadn't considered how far apart ships were when chained for defensive purposes (as opposed to a fighting platform when presumably one would usually be able to hop from one to the other). Was there any 'norm' for distance for defensive purposes or do we not know? – Lars Bosteen Dec 26 '17 at 21:54
@LarsBosteen Well, in the cannon age, all ships would've been in a line, so as to make the most of their broadsides. If they were to be linked together, it would almost necessarily have been bow to stern rather than side by side. – Semaphore♦ Dec 26 '17 at 22:40
First contender: Battle of the Nile, 1 to 3 August 1798:
Alerted to this fact, the Royal Navy gave Rear Admiral Horatio Nelson fifteen ships of the line with orders to locate and destroy the French fleet supporting Napoleon's forces. On August 1, 1798, following weeks futile searching, Nelson finally located the French transports at Alexandria. Though disappointed that the French fleet was not present, Nelson soon found it anchored just to the east in Aboukir Bay.
The French commander, Vice Admiral François-Paul Brueys D'Aigalliers, anticipating a British attack, had anchored his thirteen ships of the line in line of battle with shallow, shoal water to port and the open sea to starboard. This deployment was intended to force the British to attack the strong French center and rear while permitting Brueys' van to utilize the prevailing northeasterly winds to mount a counterattack once the action commenced. With sunset fast approaching, Brueys did not believe the British would risk a night battle in unknown, shallow waters.
As a further precaution he ordered that the ships of the fleet be chained together to prevent the British from breaking the line.
Although to admit, not enough ships tied together for your criteria.
But that seems to be a relatively common tactic back then:
The essence of a cutting-out attack is surprise. The French, having been attacked once, were on their guard. Their vessels were chained together and to the shore, and not one was taken or burned. (During action at Boulogne, from Terry Coleman: "The Nelson Touch. The Life and Legend of Horatio Nelson", Oxford University Press: Oxford New York, 2002, p271.)
Much was made of the chains, as if their use had been unfair. Nelson said that the moment the French had the audacity to unchain their vessels they would be captured or sent to the bottom. St Vincent told Nelson, 'It is not given to us to command success' - exactly what he said after Tenerife, when a second attack on the same target also failed. (p 272)
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It should be 13, as you quote says. D'Aigalliers only had that many ships of the line. – Semaphore♦ Dec 26 '17 at 21:02
Not 20, as you acknowledged, but worth posting as this is a much later date than I thought would be the case so +1. – Lars Bosteen Dec 26 '17 at 21:16
@ LanglangC Doesn't the website offer you a live preview while you compose a post already? @LarsBosteen Well, you weren't really wrong. it's a completely different kind of "chained up" compared to Sluys, which I'm fairly sure would've been completely suicidal, as you could imagine. – Semaphore♦ Dec 26 '17 at 21:49
I'm not sure that Brueys order for the French ships to be cabled together at the Nile was actually executed. Descriptions of the battle state that Brueys also ordered his ships to "put springs to their cables", which would allow them to swing the ship around the anchor (to change the angle of fire). If the ships had been also chained/cabled together this maneuver would have been much more difficult to achieve. Either way, few cables appear to have been used in the battle, which the British (and the Leander especially) took advantage of. – Steve Bird Dec 27 '17 at 1:44
In the case of Boulogne, the vessels in question were the small ships and large boats of Napoleon's intended invasion fleet. The chains there were less of a battle tactic and more a component of a giant anti-theft device. – Steve Bird Dec 27 '17 at 1:50
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Have you been wondering about when and how to teach your kids about money? As part of National Get Organized Month, ACCC wants to encourage parents, guardians and teachers to get organized to teach those important money lessons to kids. We have outlined the core financial concepts for each age group below to help you on your way.
Help them set up a bank account for saving, and make them work for their money.
Give them a chore chart and an allowance for successfully completing their extra jobs (it's okay to expect them to do things without getting paid).
Life is expensive. Since everyone has a limited amount of money, it's important to make smart choices based on wants and needs. Learning to save is a financial cornerstone for everyone to learn and use.
Have your kids make a list of five things they need and five things they want. Take their lists and put in an estimated cost for each item. This will show them how long they will have to save their allowance to actually purchase something. Encourage them to set goals, spend less and save wisely to get the things that they need and then the things they want.
Understanding credit cards and how they work can be confusing, even for adults. It's important that kids understand that credit is not free money. Rather than ending up with too much credit card debt, kids will be prepared to save and live within a budget through this money lesson.
For kids under 18, have them practice using credit by borrowing money from parents or guardians. Set up a credit limit, repayment terms and a standard interest rate. If they miss a payment, don't hesitate to charge a small late fee. This will help teach them the consequences of credit and the habit of paying on time.
Money is a part of everyday life and can have major consequences on our future, both good and bad. Since only 6 states require financial education testing in high schools, the responsibility falls elsewhere and should start sooner in a child's life. Parents and guardians are the main resources, examples and teachers for kids regarding money. Remember, ACCC is here to help guide you through this process. Check out our other resources to get organized to teach kids about money.
We definitely as a society need to better educate our children on earning, spending and saving money. My parents implemented a system where I earned an allowance by doing chores and other jobs around the house. This taught me to be smart with the money that I had earned and even how to save.
Thanks for your comment Caleb! Early financial literacy experience can be key.
Money management for kids starts at home. Be a real role model for your kids and help them set a savings goal towards what they want and help them track it regularly.