text:
\section{Introduction}
Magnetic vortices are topological objects that quantize magnetic flux. They have been studied extensively since type-II superconductors and vortices were first proposed within the context of Ginzburg-Landau (GL) theory for metals by Abrikosov~\cite{Abrikosov:1956sx, abrikosov1957magnetic,abrikosov1988fundamentals}. Their relevance and study have not been limited to metals but extended to particle physics including the Abelian Higgs model~\cite{Nielsen:1973cs}, electroweak theory~\cite{Ambjorn:1988th} and quantum chromodynamics (QCD)~\cite{Chernodub:2014rya}. Since GL theory and the Higgs model are isomorphic~\cite{Harrington:1975mv}, this is not entirely surprising. However, there are significant qualitative differences between the standard GL theory (or the Abelian Higgs model) and electroweak theory (or QCD at large magnetic fields). While magnetic vortices are formed below a certain critical magnetic field, the opposite is true in the context of electroweak theory, where the electroweak vacuum becomes unstable to $W$-boson vortices above a critical magnetic field. Furthermore, it has also been suggested that the QCD vacuum may be populated by a color magnetic flux tube (also called the ``Copenhagen vacuum")~\cite{Ambjorn:1979xi,Ambjorn:1980ms}.

Currently, there is strong interest in the role of magnetic fields in systems described by QCD due to their relevance to magnetars~\cite{Harding:2006qn}, RHIC collisions~\cite{Kharzeev:2004ey,Kharzeev:2007jp,Fukushima:2008xe}, which may lead to the formation of quark-gluon plasma, the study of which is also relevant to the early formative stages of the universe after the Big Bang. Remarkably, it was found that the QCD vacuum at high enough magnetic fields leads to the condensation of $\rho$-mesons~\cite{Chernodub:2011gs,Chernodub:2012bj,Chernodub:2012bq,Chernodub:2014rya} (similar to the electroweak theory), which form a vortex lattice that consists not only of charged mesons ($\rho_{\pm}$) but also the neutral meson ($\rho_{0}$). The possibility of neutral particle condensation was also explored in the context of a simple model, the ``extended Abelian Higgs model" containing both complex and real scalar fields: it was show that the electromagnetically neutral, real fields when coupled to charged fields can potentially condense in a vortex phase through the coupling of the neutral field with the charged fields. Here, motivated by the presence of derivative interactions within $\chi$PT, we construct a simple generalization of the Abelian Higgs model to include derivative interactions and study its implications.

Additionally, there is also interest in vortices in the context of finite isospin chiral perturbation theory ($\chi$PT), which is the low-energy description of QCD with pions ($\pi_{\pm}$, $\pi_{0}$) as the relevant degrees of freedom. Son and Stephanov~\cite{Son:2000by,Son:2000xc} found that pions at finite isospin form a superfluid. Since the superfluid is electromagnetically charged, unsurprisingly they exhibit superconducting properties in the presence of an external magnetic field. It was shown in Ref.~\cite{Adhikari:2015wva} that pions condense into vortices with no neutral pion condensation ($\pi_{0}$) though this possibility isn't fully ruled out except in single vortices. However, Ref.~\cite{Adhikari:2015wva} did not study the structure of the vortex lattice or condensation energy as a consequence of the derivative interactions of the Goldstone modes (i.e. pions) of QCD. The objective of this paper is to take steps to fill this intellectual gap by studying a generalization of the Abelian Higgs model including the simplest momentum-dependent, i.e. derivative interactions. In subsequent work, we will apply some of the results of this work to study vortex lattices in finite isospin chiral perturbation theory~\cite{Adhikari:new}.

The paper is organized as follows: we begin in Section~\ref{lag} with the Lagrangian of the Abelian Higgs model with an additional derivative interaction that preserves the local $U(1)$ symmetry of the Abelian Higgs Model. We then study the asymptotic properties of single magnetic vortices in Section~\ref{mv1} and generate numerical solutions, followed by the study of vortex lattices and their condensation energy in Section~\ref{condensation}. Finally, in Section~\ref{conclusion}, we present some concluding remarks.

\section{Lagrangian}
\label{lag}
We begin with the Lagrangian for the Abelian Higgs Model with an additional derivative interaction
\begin{equation}
\begin{split}
\mathcal{L}&=-\frac{1}{4}F_{\mu\nu}F^{\mu\nu}+(D_{\mu}\phi)^{\dagger}(D^{\mu}\phi)-V(|\phi|)+\ell^{2}(D_{\mu}\phi)^{\dagger}(D^{\mu}\phi)\phi^{\dagger}\phi\\%+\frac{1}{\Lambda_{2}^{2}}\left [(D_{\mu}\phi) (D^{\mu}\phi) \phi^{\dagger}\phi^{\dagger}+(D_{\mu}\phi)^{\dagger} (D^{\mu}\phi)^{\dagger} \phi\phi \right ]\\
V(|\phi|)&=-m^{2}|\phi|^{2}+\frac{\lambda}{2}
|\phi|^{4}\ ,
\end{split}
\end{equation}
where $D_{\mu}\equiv\partial_{\mu}+ieA_{\mu}$. This convention for the covariant derivative assumes that the field $\phi$ has charge $+e$ which can be assumed to be positive with no loss of generality. Furthermore, the Lagrangian also consists of a derivative interaction term $(D_{\mu}\phi)^{\dagger}(D^{\mu}\phi)\phi^{\dagger}\phi$, which comes with a coupling constant that we denote by $\ell^{2}$. Note that its mass dimension is $[\ell]=-1$. Also, we assume $\ell^{2}>0$ -- this is necessary to ensure that vortex solutions are stable. The Lagrangian reduces to the usual Abelian Higgs model Lagrangian in the limit $\ell\rightarrow 0$. The derivative interaction has been choosen to preserve the original symmetries of the Abelian Higgs Model.
The symmetry groups of the Lagrangian are a global $U(1)$ symmetry:
\begin{equation}
\phi\rightarrow e^{i\alpha}\phi
\end{equation} with $\alpha$ being spatially independent. However, if the $\alpha$ is space-dependent, then the symmetry group is local $U(1)$, i.e.
\begin{equation}
\begin{split}
\phi&\rightarrow e^{i\alpha(x)}\phi\\
A_{\mu}&\rightarrow A_{\mu}-\frac{1}{e}\partial_{\mu}\alpha(x)\ .
\end{split}
\end{equation}
The Lagrangian has an imaginary mass term, i.e. $m^{2}>0$ and therefore the ground state spontaneously breaks the $U(1)$ gauge symmetry leading to massive photons. The potential has two stationary points
\begin{equation}
\label{vvv}
|\phi|=0\textrm{ and }|\phi|=\sqrt{\frac{m^{2}}{\lambda}}\equiv v\ ,
\end{equation}
and for $m^{2}>0$, the vacuum of the theory has a non-zero vacuum expectation value. This results in the photons becoming massive through the Higgs mechanism. Expanding around the vacuum expectation value (vev) we find the follows masses for the scalar and gauge fields
\begin{equation}
\begin{split}
m_{\phi}&=2m\\
m_{A}&=\frac{\sqrt{2}em}{\sqrt{\lambda}}\left (1+\frac{\ell^{2}m^{2}}{\lambda}\right )\ .
\end{split}
\end{equation}
Note that due to the derivative interaction which protects the local $U(1)$ symmetry, the photon mass is different from that of the standard Abelian Higgs model. In the limit $\ell\rightarrow 0$, we reproduce the photon mass in the Abelian Higgs model.
The equations of motion for $\phi$ and $A^{\mu}$ are respectively
\begin{equation}
\begin{split}
D_{\mu}D^{\mu}\phi-m^{2}\phi+\lambda|\phi|^{2}\phi+\ell^{2}D_{\mu}\left [(D^{\mu}\phi)\phi^{\dagger}\phi \right
=0\ ,
\end{split}
\end{equation}
and
\begin{equation}
\partial_{\mu}F^{\mu\nu}=-j^{\nu}\ ,
\end{equation}
where the electromagnetic current $j^{\nu}$ is
\begin{equation}
\begin{split}
j^{\nu}&=-ie\left [\phi^{\dagger}D^{\nu}\phi-(D^{\nu}\phi)^{\dagger}\phi \right ]\left[1+\ell^{2}\phi^{\dagger}\phi\right ]\ .
\end{split}
\end{equation}
\section{Single Vortex}
\label{mv1}
\noindent
Using the Lorentz gauge, $\partial_{\mu}A^{\mu}=0$, or equivalently the Landau gauge, since $A^{0}=0$, the equation of motion for $A^{j}$ is
\begin{equation}
-\partial_{i}\partial_{i}A^{j}=-j^{j}=ie\left [\phi^{\dagger}D^{j}\phi-(D^{j}\phi)^{\dagger}\phi \right ]\left[1+\ell^{2}\phi^{\dagger}\phi\right ]\ .
\end{equation}
For single vortex solutions, which are cylindrically symmetric, we will parameterize the vortices as follows
\begin{equation}
\begin{split}
A_{r}&=A_{z}=0\\
A_{\theta}\equiv A&=\frac{n}{er}+\delta A\\
\phi(r,\theta)&=w(r) e^{in\theta}\ ,
\end{split}
\end{equation}
with the electromagnetic current taking the form
\begin{equation}
j_{\theta}=2 e^{2}|\phi|^{2}\left(A-\frac{n}{er}\right)\left[1+\ell^{2}|\phi|^{2}\right ]\ ,
\end{equation}
and the equation of motion for $A\equiv A_{\theta}$ becomes
\begin{equation}
\frac{\partial A}{\partial r^{2}}+\frac{1}{r}\frac{\partial A}{\partial r}-\frac{A}{r^{2}}=2 e^{2}|\phi|^{2}\left(A-\frac{n}{er}\right)\left[1+\ell^{2}|\phi|^{2}\right ]
\end{equation}
In a region, where $|\phi|=v\equiv\sqrt{\frac{m^{2}}{\lambda}}$, with $v$ being the vacuum expectation value, the equation can be solved using the following parametrization
\begin{equation}
A(r)=\frac{n}{er}+\delta A(r)\ ,
\end{equation}
where $\frac{n}{er}$ is the asymptotic behavior of the gauge field where the magnetic field is expected to be uniform and
\begin{equation}
\begin{split}
\delta A(r)&\equiv \tilde{c}_{A} e^{-\sqrt{2}\tilde{v} er}\left ( \frac{1}{\sqrt{r}}+\mathcal{O}\left (\frac{1}{r^{3/2}} \right )\right )\ ,
\end{split}
\end{equation}
with $\tilde{c}_{A}$ being an undetermined constant and $\tilde{v}$ is defined as
\begin{equation}
\tilde{v}\equiv v\sqrt{1+\ell^{2}v^{2} }\ .
\end{equation}
Note that $\tilde{v}$ reduces to $v$ in the absence of derivative interactions, i.e. $\ell\rightarrow 0$.

We find the asymptotic properties of the complex scalar field $\phi$ using the parametrization
\begin{equation}
\phi(r,\theta)=w(r)e^{i\chi(\theta)} ,
\end{equation}
where $\chi=n\theta$. This choice guarantees that the electromagnetic current vanishes on the boundary leading to the flux quantization condition
\begin{equation}
\begin{split}
\int \vec{A}\cdot d\vec{l}=\int\ \vec{B}\cdot d\vec{S}=\frac{2n\pi}{e}\ ,
\end{split}
\end{equation}
where the line integral is performed at infinity and $d\vec{S}$ is the differential area.
The equation of motion in terms of $w(r)$ becomes
\begin{equation}
\begin{split}
&w''(r)+\frac{w'(r)}{r}-\left (\frac{n}{r}-eA(r)\right )^{2}w(r)+m^{2}w(r)-\lambda w(r)^{3}\\
&+\ell^{2} w(r)\left [w'(r)^{2}+\frac{w(r)}{r}\left (w'(r)+rw''(r)\right )\right ]\\
&-2\ell^{2}\left (\frac{n}{r}-2eA(r) \right )\left (\frac{n}{r}-eA(r) \right )w(r)^{3}=0\ .
\end{split}
\end{equation}
Next, rewriting $w(r)=v+\delta \phi(r)$, we get a linearized equation for $\delta \phi(r)$,
\begin{equation}
\begin{split}
&\left ( 1+\ell^{2} v^{2}\right )\delta\phi''(r)+\left ( 1+\ell^{2} v^{2}\right )\frac{\delta\phi'(r)}{r}-2v^{2}\lambda\delta\phi(r)\approx\ell^{2} 2ev^{3}n\frac{\delta A(r)}{r}
\end{split}
\end{equation}
It is straightforward to solve the linearized equation in the limit of large $r$, with final solution assuming the form
\begin{equation}
\begin{split}
\delta\phi(r)=\delta\phi_{h}(r)+\delta\phi_{p}(r)\ ,
\end{split}
\end{equation}
where the solution of the homogeneous equation is $\delta\phi_{h}(r)$ and the particular solution is $\delta\phi_{p}(r)$. We find that
\begin{equation}
\begin{split}
\lim_{r\rightarrow \infty}\delta\phi(r)_{h}&=c_{\phi}K_{1}\left (\overline{v}r \right )=c_{\phi}e^{-\overline{v}r}\left [\frac{1}{\sqrt{r}}+\mathcal{O}\left (\frac{1}{r^{3/2}} \right ) \right ]\ ,
\end{split}
\end{equation}
where $c_{\phi}$ is an arbitrary constant and $\overline{v}$ is defined as
\begin{equation}
\overline{v}=\sqrt{\frac{2v^{2}\lambda}{1+\ell^{2} v^{2}}}\ .
\end{equation}
The particular solution on the other hand has the form~\cite{Adhikari:2017oxb}
\begin{equation}
\lim_{r\rightarrow \infty}\delta\phi(r)_{p}=g_{\phi}\frac{e^{-\alpha r}}{r}\ ,
\end{equation}
where
\begin{equation}
\alpha=2\sqrt{2}ev\left (1+\ell^{2}v^{2}  \right )\ .
\end{equation}
\begin{figure}[b]
\centerline{\includegraphics[width=9cm]{gaplequals0.pdf}}
\caption{Single vortex solution for $\lambda=0.21$, $e^{2}=\frac{4\pi}{137}$, $\ell=0$, $m=1$, with $\bar{r}=mr$ and $|\bar{\phi}|=\frac{\phi}{m}$ and $\bar{A}=\frac{A}{m}$. The gauge field is shown using a dashed (red) curve and the scalar field using solid (blue). The dotted (black) curve represents $\frac{1}{e\bar{r}}$.}
\label{fig:gap1}
\end{figure}
\begin{figure}[b]
\centerline{\includegraphics[width=9cm]{gaplequals1over2.pdf}}
\caption{Single vortex solution for $\lambda=0.21$, $e^{2}=\frac{4\pi}{137}$, $\ell=\frac{1}{2}$, $m=1$, with $\bar{r}=mr$ and $|\bar{\phi}|=\frac{\phi}{m}$ and $\bar{A}=\frac{A}{m}$. The gauge field is shown using a dashed (red) curve and the scalar field using solid (blue). The dotted (black) curve represents $\frac{1}{e\bar{r}}$.}
\label{fig:gap2}
\end{figure}
In Figs.~\ref{fig:gap1} and \ref{fig:gap2}, we plot single vortex solutions in a uniform magnetic field with flux $\frac{2\pi}{e}$. The solid (blue) curve is the pion field, the red (dashed) curve is the gauge field and the black (dotted) line indicates a uniform magnetic field, i.e. $A=\frac{1}{er}$. Firstly, note that away from the vortex core ($r=0$), the scalar field asymptotes to its vev and the magnetic field is uniform.
Fig.~\ref{fig:gap1} is a single vortex in the standard Abelian Higgs Model, i.e. $\ell=0$ and Fig.~\ref{fig:gap2} is a single vortex with the derivative interaction turned on. The gauge field asymptotes to $\frac{1}{er}$ faster than when $\ell=0$. This is as anticipated since the photon mass in the presence of derivative interactions is larger than in the standard Abelian Higgs model.
\section{Vortex Lattice and Condensation Energy}
\label{condensation}
In this section, we find the vortex lattice solutions and their corresponding free energies near the upper critical field, $B_{c2}$ and find the condensation (free) energy of these lattice. We define the condensation energy as
\begin{equation}
\begin{split}
\mathcal{E}=\langle\mathcal{H}\rangle-\frac{1}{2}B_{\rm ext}^{2}\ ,
\end{split}
\end{equation}
where $\frac{1}{2}B_{\rm ext}^{2}$ is the free energy of the normal vacuum in the presence of a uniform magnetic field $B_{\rm ext}$ and $\langle\mathcal{H}\rangle$ is the expectation value of the time-dependent Hamiltonian (density), $\mathcal{H}$, which is defined as
\begin{equation}
\begin{split}
\langle \mathcal{H}\rangle=\frac{1}{A_{\perp}}\int\ dxdy\ \mathcal{H}\ ,
\end{split}
\end{equation}
where $x$ and $y$ are the coordinates of the transverse plane and we assume that the external magnetic field $B_{\rm ext}$ is pointing in the positive z-direction. The condensation (free) energy of the vortex lattice is defined relative to the normal vacuum in a uniform magnetic field.
We use the method of successive approximation originally used by Abrikosov in Ref.~\cite{Abrikosov:1956sx}. We will solve the equations of motion near the upper critical point, $B_{c2}=\frac{m^{2}}{e}$, which is identical to the critical field in the standard version of the Abelian Higgs Model. We will work just below the critical field, $B_{c2}$, i.e.
\begin{equation}
\frac{B_{c2}-B_{\rm ext}}{B_{c2}}\ll 1,
\end{equation}
a region where the condensate is expected to be small,
\begin{equation}
\frac{|\phi|}{v}\ll 1\ ,
\end{equation}
with $v$ being the vacuum expectation value in the condensed phase, i.e. $v>0$, defined in Eq.~\ref{vvv}.

The method of ``successive approximations" is effectively the following perturbative expansion~\footnote{This expansion is commonly used to study non-linear harmonic oscillators in classical mechanics.}
\begin{equation}
\begin{split}
B&=B_{0}+\epsilon \delta B+\cdots\\
\phi&=\epsilon \phi_{0}+\epsilon^{3} \delta \phi+\cdots\\
\end{split}
\end{equation}
Similarly, the expansion for the gauge field, $A_{i}$, that is consistent with the expansion for the magnetic field $B$, is
\begin{equation}
\begin{split}
A_{x}&=A_{x0}+\epsilon\delta A_{x}\\
A_{y}&=A_{y0}+\epsilon\delta A_{y}\\
A_{z}&=0\ .
\end{split}
\end{equation}
The $\mathcal{O}(\epsilon)$ equation of motion is
\begin{equation}
\begin{split}
\left [-(\partial_{i}+ieA_{0i})^{2}-m^{2}\right]\phi_{0}=0\ ,
\end{split}
\end{equation}
which we rewrite in terms of
\begin{equation}
\begin{split}
\Pi_{0x}&=-i\partial_{x}-eA_{0x}\\
\Pi_{0y}&=-i\partial_{y}-eA_{0y}\ .
\end{split}
\end{equation}
They satisfy the commutation relation $[\Pi_{x},\Pi_{y}]=ieB_{0}$, where $B_{z}$ is the magnetic field in the z-direction. Further, defining
\begin{equation}
\begin{split}
\Pi_{0}&=\Pi_{0x}+i\Pi_{0y}\\
\Pi^{\dagger}_{0}&=\Pi_{0x}-i\Pi_{0y}\ ,
\end{split}
\end{equation}
we can rewrite the equation of motion as
\begin{equation}
\begin{split}
(\Pi_{0}^{\dagger}\Pi_{0}+eB_{0}-m^{2})\phi_{0}=0 .
\end{split}
\end{equation}
Since $[\Pi,\Pi^{\dagger}]=2eB_{0}$, which now has a structure similar to that of the simple harmonic oscillator, we know that the dispersion relation is
\begin{equation}
\begin{split}
(2n+1)eB_{0}-m^{2}=0\implies B_{0}=\frac{m^{2}}{(2n+1)e}\ .
\end{split}
\end{equation}
The maximum magnetic field, $B_{0}$, is therefore,
\begin{equation}
\begin{split}
B_{0}=\frac{m^{2}}{e}\equiv B_{c2}\ .
\end{split}
\end{equation}
Below this field and above the first critical field $B_{c1}$, a phase of magnet vortices form in type-II superconductors. $B_{c2}$ is the largest magnetic field that can be sustained by magnetic vortices, beyond which the repulsive interactions between the vortices becomes large enough such that it becomes energetically favorable to condense into the normal vacuum. Just below the the critical field $B_{c2}$, the vortex solutions  satisfy  $\Pi_{0}\phi_{0}=0$. In terms of the complex variables $z$ and $\bar{z}$, which we define below
\begin{equation}
\begin{split}
z&=x+iy,\ \overline{z}=x-iy\\
\partial&=\frac{1}{2}(\partial_{x}-i\partial_{y}),\ \overline{\partial}=\frac{1}{2}(\partial_{x}+i\partial_{y})\\
\end{split}
\end{equation}
the equation of motion at leading order is
\begin{equation}
\left (2\overline{\partial}+\frac{eB_{0}}{2}z \right )\phi_{0}=0\ ,
\end{equation}
Working in the symmetric gauge with
\begin{equation}
\begin{split}
A_{0x}=-\frac{B_{0}}{2}y,\ A_{0y}=\frac{B_{0}}{2}x\ ,
\end{split}
\end{equation}
the ground state is a sum over the lowest Landau levels~\cite{Chernodub:2011gs}
\begin{equation}
\label{phi0}
\begin{split}
\phi_{0}&=\sum_{n=-\infty}^{\infty}C_{n}\phi_{n}(\nu,z,\bar{z})\\
\phi_{n}(\nu,z,\bar{z})&=e^{-\pi\nu^{2}n^{2}-\frac{\pi}{2L_{B_{0}}}\left (|z|^{2}+z^{2} \right)+\frac{2\pi}{L_{B_{0}}}\nu n z}\ ,
\end{split}
\end{equation}
where $L_{B_{0}}$ is the ``reduced magnetic length", $L_{B_{0}}\equiv\sqrt{\frac{2\pi}{eB_{0}}}$, $n$ is an integer and $\nu$ is a variational parameter. Since there are an infinite number of possible solutions, i.e. choice of a set of $C_{n}$, we proceed by imposing a periodicity constraint such that $C_{n}=C_{n+N}$. $N$ determines the lattice structure. (For example, $N=1$ is a square lattice, $N=2$ is a hexagonal (triangular) lattice and $N=3$ is a parallelogramic lattice. See Ref.~\cite{Chernodub:2011gs,saint1969type} for further details.)

In order to find the lattice structure and the corresponding condensation energy, we need to work at next to leading order, i.e. $\mathcal{O}(\epsilon^{3})$, in our expansion. Using the equation of motion for $F^{\mu\nu}$, where the current $j^{\nu}$ is determined by $\phi_{0}$, we get
\begin{equation}
\overline{\partial} B=\frac{j^{2}-i j^{1}}{2}=-e\overline{\partial}(\phi_{0}^{\dagger}\phi_{0})\left [1+\ell^{2}\phi_{0}^{\dagger}\phi_{0} \right ]\ .
\end{equation}
Note that since $B=B_{c2}$ at $\mathcal{O}(\epsilon)$, we have $\overline{\partial}B=\overline{\partial}\delta B$, we can solve the above equation using the following ansatz:
\begin{equation}
\label{BBB}
B=B_{\rm ext}-e(|\phi_{0}|^{2}-c\langle |\phi_{0}|^{2}\rangle)-\frac{e}{2}\ell^{2}(|\phi_{0}|^{4}-c\langle |\phi_{0}|^{4}\rangle)\ ,
\end{equation}
where $c=1$ is the normalization chosen in Ref.~\cite{Chernodub:2014rya} and $c=0$ is the normalization used in Ref.~\cite{Abrikosov:1956sx}. We choose the normalization with $c=1$ since it guarantees the conservation of magnetic flux~\cite{Chernodub:2014rya}.

Next, we consider the equation of motion for the scalar field, $\phi$, at $\mathcal{O}(\epsilon^{3})$~\cite{SDreview}:
\begin{equation}
\begin{split}
(\Pi_{0x}^{2}+\Pi_{0y}^{2}-m^{2})\phi_{1}-\frac{e}{2}(\Pi_{0x}\delta A_{x}+\Pi_{0y}\delta A_{y}+\delta A_{x}\Pi_{0x}+\delta A_{y}\Pi_{0y})\phi_{0}+\lambda|\phi_{0}|^{2}\phi_{0}=0
\end{split}
\end{equation}
Rewriting in terms of $\Pi_{0}$ and $\Pi_{0}^{\dagger}$, we get
\begin{equation}
\begin{split}
(\Pi_{0}^{\dagger}\Pi_{0}+eB_{c2}-m^{2})\phi_{1}-\frac{e}{2}(\Pi_{0}\delta \bar{A}+\delta \bar{A}\Pi_{0}+\Pi_{0}^{\dagger}\delta A+\delta A \Pi_{0}^{\dagger})\phi_{0}+\lambda |\phi_{0}|^{2}\phi_{0}=0\ ,
\end{split}
\end{equation}
where $\delta A=\delta A_{x}+i\delta A_{y}$ and $\delta \bar{A}=\delta A_{x}-i\delta A_{y}$. Multiplying on the left by $\phi_{0}^{\dagger}$, using the fact that $\phi_{0}^{\dagger}\Pi_{0}^{\dagger}=0$, $B_{c2}=\frac{m^{2}}{e}$ and averaging over the transverse plane, we get the condition
\begin{equation}
\begin{split}
\frac{1}{A_{\perp}}\int dx dy \left [-\phi_{0}^{\dagger}\frac{e}{2}(\Pi_{0}\delta\bar{A}+\delta\bar{A}\Pi_{0}+\Pi_{0}^{\dagger}\delta A+\delta A\Pi_{0}^{\dagger})\phi_{0}+\lambda |\phi_{0}|^{4} \right ]=0\ .
\end{split}
\end{equation}
Since $\Pi_{0}\phi_{0}=0$ (and consequently $\phi_{0}^{\dagger}\Pi_{0}^{\dagger}=0$), it is useful to move all the $\Pi_{0}$s to the right and $\Pi_{0}^{\dagger}$s to the left using the commutator identities
\begin{equation}
\begin{split}
\Pi_{0}\delta \bar{A}&=[\Pi_{0},\delta\bar{A}]+\delta\bar{A}\Pi_{0}=2i\bar{\partial}\delta\bar{A}+\delta\bar{A}\Pi_{0}\\
\delta A\Pi_{0}^{\dagger}&=\Pi_{0}^{\dagger}\delta A-[\Pi_{0}^{\dagger},\delta A]=\Pi_{0}^{\dagger} \delta A+2i\partial \delta A\ .
\end{split}
\end{equation}
The result after averaging over the transverse plane is
\begin{equation}
\begin{split}
\langle -ie (\partial\delta A-\bar{\partial}\delta \bar{A})|\phi_{0}|^{2}+\lambda\langle |\phi_{0}|^{2}\rangle=0\ .
\end{split}
\end{equation}
Since
\begin{equation}
\begin{split}
-i(\partial \delta A-\bar{\partial}\delta \bar{A})=\delta B=B-B_{c2}\ .
\end{split}
\end{equation}
we get
\begin{equation}
\label{R}
\mathcal{R}\equiv \frac{\langle |\phi_{0}|^{4}\rangle}{\langle|\phi_{0}|^{2} \rangle}=\frac{e(B_{c2}-B_{\rm ext})-eB_{1}}{\lambda-e^{2}+2m^{2}\ell^{2}}\ ,
\end{equation}
where
\begin{equation}
B_{1}=\langle|\phi_{0}|^{2}\rangle+\frac{1}{2}\ell^{2}\langle |\phi_{0}|^{4}\rangle\ .
\end{equation}
Finally, we can write down the expectation value of the time-independent Hamiltonian (i.e. free energy) using the expression for $\mathcal{R}$ above, the equations of motion $\phi_{0}$, which can be used to get rid of all terms containing derivatives and $B$ found in Eq.~\ref{BBB}
\begin{equation}
\label{freeenergy}
\begin{split}
\langle\mathcal{H}\rangle&=\frac{1}{2}\langle B^{2}\rangle-\left ( \frac{\lambda}{2}+m^{2}\ell^{2}\right )\langle|\phi_{0}|^{4}\rangle+\mathcal{O}(|\phi_{0}|^{6})\\
&=\frac{1}{2}B_{\rm ext}^{2}-e(B_{c2}-B_{\rm ext})\langle|\phi_{0}|^{2}\rangle+\frac{e^{2}}{2} \langle |\phi_{0}|^{2}\rangle^{2}\\
&+\frac{1}{2}\left (\lambda-e^{2}+2m^{2}\ell^{2}\right )\langle|\phi_{0}|^{4}\rangle+\mathcal{O}(|\phi_{0}|^{6})\ ,
\end{split}
\end{equation}
where we are ignoring all contributions containing more than four fields, which is valid if $\phi_{0}\ll v$.
The (Gibbs free) energy can be minimized using the replacement
\begin{equation}
\langle|\phi_{0}^{4}| \rangle\equiv \beta_{A}{\langle|\phi_{0}^{2}| \rangle^{2} }\ ,
\end{equation}
where $\beta_{A}\ge 1$ is the Abrikosov ratio~\cite{Abrikosov:1956sx,abrikosov1957magnetic,abrikosov1988fundamentals} and subsequently minimizing with respect to $\langle|\phi_{0}|^{2} \rangle$, followed by $\beta_{A}$. We find that up to the order to which we are working the free energy is minimized by
\begin{equation}
\langle |\phi_{0}|^{2}\rangle=\frac{e(B_{c2}-B_{\rm ext})}{\beta_{A}\left (\lambda-e^{2}+2m^{2}\ell^{2}\right)+e^{2}}+\cdots
\end{equation}
and the expectation value of the Hamiltonian for the lattice (free energy averaged over the transverse plane) given by
\begin{equation}
\langle \mathcal{H}\rangle=\frac{1}{2}B_{\rm ext}^{2}-\frac{e^{2}(B_{c2}-B_{\rm ext})^{2}}{2e^{2}+2\beta_{A}\left (\lambda-e^{2}+2m^{2}\ell^{2} \right )}+\mathcal{O}((B_{c2}-B_{\rm ext})^{4})\ .
\end{equation}
Note that the free energy reduces to the standard result in the limit $\ell\rightarrow 0$. Furthermore, we see from the above expression that the free energy minimized by a vortex lattice with the smallest value of the Abrikosov ratio. The hexagonal lattice assume the smallest value of $\beta_{A}=1.1596\dots$, which has a corresponding value of $\nu=\frac{\sqrt[4]{3}}{\sqrt{2}}$ for the hexagonal lattice. As expected the free energy in the presence of the derivative interaction with $\ell^{2}>0$ is higher than without.
\subsection{Vortex Lattice in an external field $B_{\rm ext}$}
The Abrikosov ratio that minimizes the free energy is that of a periodic hexagonal lattice with $C_{0}=C$, $C_{1}=iC$ and $C_{n}=C_{n+2}$. However, the solution of Eq.~(\ref{phi0}) with the hexagonal periodicity constraints only obeys the flux quantization condition
\begin{equation}
B_{\rm ext}\ \left |\vec{d}_{1}\times\vec{d}_{2}\right |=\frac{2\pi n}{e}\ ,
\end{equation}
at the critical field, i.e. $B_{\rm ext}=B_{c2}$ with $n=1$ in each unit cell. Note that $\vec{d}_{1}=\frac{L_{B}}{\nu}(0,1)$ and $\vec{d}_{2}=\frac{L_{B}}{\nu}\left(\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2},\frac{1}{2}\right)$ are the lattice vectors of the periodic lattice with the reduced magnetic length $L_{B}=\sqrt{\frac{2\pi}{B}}$. In order to ensure the appropriate flux quantization condition, we make the change $L_{B0}\rightarrow L_{B}$ in Eq.~(\ref{phi0}) with the guarantee that the vortex condensation energy we found remains unaffected since
\begin{equation}
\begin{split}
\langle\phi_{0}^{\dagger}\phi_{0} \rangle&=\frac{|C|^{2}}{\sqrt{2}|\nu|}=\frac{|C|^{2}}{\sqrt[4]{3}}\\
\langle(\phi_{0}^{\dagger}\phi_{0})^{2} \rangle&=\frac{|C|^{4}}{4|\nu|}\left [\theta_{3}(0,e^{-\pi\nu^{2}})^{2}+2\theta_{3}(\pi/2,e^{-\pi\nu^{2}})\theta_{3}(0,e^{-\pi\nu^{2}})-\theta_{3}(-\pi/2,e^{-\pi\nu^{2}})^{2} \right ]\\\
&=\frac{\beta_{A}|C|^{4}}{\sqrt{3}}
\end{split}
\end{equation}
where $\theta_{3}$ is a Jacobi Theta function. The condensation energy is a function of $\beta_{A}$ and $\langle\phi_{0}^{\dagger}\phi_{0} \rangle$, the latter of which only depends on the quantity $C$ and the Abrikosov ration ($\beta_{A}$) is determined by the geometry of the vortex lattices.

Now, we can finally write the vortex lattice solution in terms of $L_{B}$ and the periodic sum for the hexagonal lattice can be rewritten in terms of the third Jacobi (elliptic) theta function, $\theta_{3}$ as follows
\begin{equation}
\label{phigs}
\begin{split}
\phi_{0}(x,y)&=\frac{C}{2\nu}\left [ e^{-\frac{\pi y(-i x+y)}{L_{B}^{2}}}\theta_{3}\left(\frac{-\pi(x+iy)}{2L_{B}\nu},e^{-\frac{\pi}{4\nu^{2}}} \right)\right.\\
&\left.+ie^{-\frac{\pi y(-ix+y)}{L_{B}^{2}}}\theta_{3}\left(\frac{-\pi (x+i y-L_{B}\nu)}{2L_{B}\nu},e^{-\frac{\pi}{4\nu^{2}}} \right)\right ]\ ,
\end{split}
\end{equation}
where $\nu=\frac{\sqrt[4]{3}}{\sqrt{2}}$ for the hexagonal lattice that minimizes the free energy.
Finally, we determine $C$ up to an arbitrary phase constant by minimizing the condensation energy. We get
\begin{equation}
\begin{split}
\label{C}
&|C|=\sqrt{\frac{\sqrt[4]{3}e(B_{c2}-B_{\rm ext})}{\beta_{A}\left (\lambda-e^{2}+2m^{2}\ell^{2}\right )+e^{2}}}\ ,{\rm\ for\ }B_{\rm ext}\le B_{c2}\\
&|C|=0\ ,{\rm\ for\ }B_{\rm ext}\ge B_{c2}\ .
\end{split}
\end{equation}
Using the above result for $C$, we plot the vortex lattice. The vortex lattices as shown ($\phi^{\dagger}\phi$ plotted) in Fig.~\ref{fig:vlattice}. We choose $m=1$ such that distance scales, such that $x$ and $y$ shown in the plots are effectively measured in units of $m$. Also, we choose $\lambda=1$. It is evident from the plots that changing $\ell^{2}$ does not affect the density but only the gradients and the maximum value of $|C|_{\rm max}$. With increasing values of $\ell^{2}$, the gradient in $\phi$ becomes energetically expensive and therefore $\phi_{0}^{\dagger}\phi_{0}$ becomes flatter as the plots suggest. But note that the density of vortices is unaffected by a change in $\ell^{2}$. The density only depends on the external magnetic field ($B_{\rm ext}$), which also affects $|C|$.
\begin{figure*}[t!]
\centering
\includegraphics[width=0.49\textwidth]{vlattice1.pdf}\,\,\,\,\,
\includegraphics[width=0.49\textwidth]{vlattice2.pdf}
\caption{Vortex Lattice Plot of ($|\phi^{\dagger}\phi|$) on the traverse-plane ($x-y$) of size $2\times 2$. We use $m=1$ to set the scale, $\lambda=1$, $e=\sqrt{\frac{4\pi}{137}}$ and from left to right $m\ell^{2}=0,0.2,$ respectively. Note that the color shades are normalized differently for each plot but the contour lines have the same ``normalization" across all the plots. We note that from left to right $|C|=0.107213, 0.0904461$.}
\label{fig:vlattice}
\end{figure*}

\section{Conclusion}
\label{conclusion}
In this paper, we have found the asymptotic properties of single vortex solutions in the presence of an additional derivative interaction. Furthermore, we have also found the condensation energy and the corresponding vortex lattice structure associated with vortices that form near the upper critical field $B_{c2}$. One of the goals of this paper was to lay the groundwork to study vortex lattice solutions and the corresponding condensation energy in finite isospin chiral perturbation theory, where pions are Goldstone bosons and interact via momentum-dependent derivative interactions -- the possibility of  vortex condensation was first discussed in Ref.~\cite{Adhikari:2015wva}. A detailed analysis of vortex lattice solutions in finite isospin chiral perturbation theory will be done in a separate publication~\cite{Adhikari:new}.

\bibliographystyle{elsarticle-num}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


We left Hingham Shipyard at about 11 am and went on the harbor cruise to George's Island. We spent the day seeing the exhibits of the war weapons. Later we played manhunt in the fort at night. After that we had a bonfire on the beach and then slept under the stars. In the morning we left the Island at about 10 AM.


text:
A Night of Music Benefiting Gilda's Club
Presented by Gilda's Club Nashville at SESAC, Nashville TN
This event will feature songwriters Tony Arata, best known for Garth Brooks' The Dance ; Beth Nielsen Chapman, whose songs have been performed by artists like Faith Hill and Michael W. Smith; and Rivers Rutherford, who has co-written 25+ Top 40 hits.
A Night of Music will benefit Gilda's Club Middle Tennessee's free cancer support program and feature wonderfully talented singer/songwriters Tony Arata, best known for "The Dance," a chart-topping hit for artist Garth Brooks; Beth Nielsen Chapman, whose songs have been performed by world-renowned artists including Faith Hill, Willie Nelson, and Michael W. Smith; and Rivers Rutherford, who has co-written more than two dozen Top 40 singles with artists like Blake Shelton and Brad Paisley.
$100/Ticket
Includes an open bar, appetizers, and parking.
Tickets available online or by check. Checks mailed to: Gilda's Club Middle Tennessee, 1707 Division Street, Nashville, TN, 37203. Please note "songwriter night" in the memo line.
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SESAC
55 Music Square East, Nashville, TN 37203
CONNECT WITH Gilda's Club Nashville

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Calhoun County Circuit Court sentencings
Sentenced by Calhoun County Circuit Court Judge Conrad J. Sindt:
James Daniel Lucas, 48, 28 Wolfe Drive, pleaded guilty to embezzlement by agent $200-$1,000; sentenced to 11 days in jail with credit for 11 days served, 12 months probation, substance abuse treatment; $980.50 fines, costs, fees, restitution. 8/7/15
Reynaldo Rivera Sr., 52, 90 N. Division St., No. 117, pleaded no contest toengaging in proscribed conduct in weapon-free school zone; sentenced to 45 days in jail with credit for 45 days served; $125 fines, costs, fees. 8/7/15
Brandon Javerious McGee, 19, 37 East Ave., North, pleaded no contest to assault with intent to do great bodily harm less than murder; sentenced to 29 months to 10 years in the custody of the Michigan Department of Corrections; $258 fines, costs, fees. 8/24/15
Sentenced by Calhoun County Circuit Court Judge Sarah Soules Lincoln:
Shane Stoney-Paul Jacobs, 19, 54 S. 25th St., pleaded guilty to resisting and obstructing a police officer and to probation violation; sentenced to eight months in jail with credit for 135 days served, probation revoked; $980.50 fines, costs, fees. 8/25/15
Carmen Marie Raymond, 32, 188 Cherry St., pleaded no contest to possession of a controlled substance - methamphetamine; sentenced to 12 months in jail, driver's license suspended for 30 days/restricted 150 days, substance abuse assessment, K-PEP; $1,040.50 fines, costs, fees. 8/21/15
Alex Michael Schwartz, 19, 191 Deboer Drive, pleaded guilty to embezzlement by agent $1,000-$20,000; sentenced to six months probation, cognitive behavior treatment, substance abuse assessment; $798 fines, costs, fees. 8/21/15
Jerry Joseph Huling, 42, 23646 D Drive South, Homer, pleaded guilty to delivery/manufacture of a controlled substance; sentenced to 24 months probation, substance abuse assessment, driver's licenses suspended 30 days/restricted 150 days; $1,040.50 fines, costs, fees. 8/21/15
Richard Lee Tanner, 30, 32 Fairview Ave., pleaded guilty to operating a vehicle while intoxicated, third offense; sentenced to 12 months in jail with credit for 24 days served, 24 months probation, sobriety court, substance abuse assessment, community service, driver's license revoked; $1,338 fines, costs, fees. 8/21/15
Lloyd James Davis aka Lloyd James Wiley Davis, 55, 969 Q Drive South, pleaded no contest to operating a vehicle while intoxicated, third offense; sentenced to 90 days in jail (60 days suspended), 30 months probation, drug court, community service, substance abuse assessment, driver's license revoked; $1,138 fines, costs, fees. 8/21/15
Rickey Allen Foster Jr., 27, 741 Avenue A, Apt. 2D, pleaded guilty to carrying a concealed weapon; sentenced to 12 months probation, substance abuse assessment, community service in lieu of fines, costs; $798 fines, costs, fees. 8/21/15
Leroy Lee Payne, 46, 161 W. Rittenhouse Ave., convicted by a jury of resisting and obstructing a police officer, convicted by the court as a habitual offender; sentenced to 46 days in jail with credit for 46 days served, 18 months probation, substance abuse assessment, batterer treatment, $980.50 fines, costs, fees. 8/21/15
Dana Desean Johnson, 22, 20 Redner Ave., No. 201, pleaded guilty to possession of a controlled substance less than 25 grams and to probation violation; sentenced to six months in jail with credit for 31 days served; $940.50 fines, costs, fees. 8/11/15
Kevin Bernard Lewis, 21, 105 N. McKinley, pleaded guilty to probation violation and to delivery/manufacture of a controlled substance, 5-45 kg. - second offense and convicted by the court as a habitual offender; sentenced to nine months in jail with credit for 104 days served. 8/11/15
Dezmen Roshea Jones, 33, 67 Avery Ave., pleaded guilty to resisting and obstructing a police officer; sentenced to five months in jail with credit for four days served; $9,809.50 fines, costs, fees. 8/13/15
Tracy Gail Clay, 34, 220 Plain St., Homer, pleaded guilty to larceny $1,000-$20,000; sentenced to 24 months probation, substance abuse assessment; $4,131.87 fines, costs, fess, restitution. 8/14/15
Brittany Nicole Bennett, 26, 113 Sharon Ave., pleaded guilty to receiving and concealing $1,000-$20,000; sentenced to 24 months probation; $798 fines, costs, fees. 8/14/15
Amy Yesenia Rivera, 37, 255 Sunwood Drive, pleaded guilty to possession of a controlled substance less than 25 grams; sentenced to 30 days in jail with credit for two days served, 24 months probation, K-PEP, substance abuse assessment, driver's license suspended 60 days/restricted 305 days; $1,040.50 fines, costs, fees. 8/14/15
Vanessia Dorilene Parham, 30, 256 Hunter St., pleaded no contest to possession of a controlled substance - methamphetamine; sentenced to 180 days in jail with credit for 40 days served (remainder suspended), 24 months probation, driver's license suspended 30 days/restricted 150 days; $738 fines, costs, fees. 8/14/15
Kenneth Dewayne Jackman, 37, 160 Freedom Lane, pleaded no contest to possession of a controlled substance less than 25 grams; sentenced to 18 months probation, driver's license suspended 30 days/restricted 150 days; $980.50 fines, costs, fees. 8/14/15
Jameel Lakwan Riley, 21, 111 Fremont St., No. 1, pleaded guilty to possession of a controlled substance less than 25 grams; sentenced to 65 days in jail with credit for 65 days served, 18 months probation, driver's license suspended 60 days/restricted 305 days; $1,040.50 fines, costs, fees. 8/14/15
Bobby John Crabtree, 45, 56 W. Alden St., pleaded no contest to receiving and concealing $1,000-$20,000; sentenced to 21 months to 60 months in the custody of the Michigan Department of Corrections; $1,111.99 fines, costs, fees, restitution. 8/14/15
Eddie Williams III, 35, 1145 Seneca, Wyoming, pleaded no contest to unlawful drive-away of a vehicle and to larceny from a building; sentenced to 10 months to five years in the custody of the Michigan Department of Corrections; $5,330 fines, costs, fees, restitution. 8/14/15
Matthew Cameron Day Bolden, 25, 10 Saunders Court, pleaded guilty to breaking and entering with intent and to larceny of a weapon-firearm; sentenced to 18 months to 10 years in the custody of the Michigan Department of Corrections; $266 fines, costs, fees. 8/14/15
James Gearld Gooldy, 29, 610 3rd St., pleaded no contest to resisting and obstructing a police officer; and pleaded guilty to probation violation; sentenced to 330 days in jail with credit for 82 days served, probation revoked; $4,730.50 fines, costs, fees. 8/12/15


The national chairman of the governing All Progressives Congress (APC), Comrade Adams Oshiomhole, has said that the new political romance between former president Olusegun Obasanjo (OBJ) and his then estranged vice, Atiku Abubakar, will not last beyond February next year.
Oshiomhole said that the past misdeeds of Obasanjo (OBJ) and his foe-turned friend, who is the standard bearer of the Peoples Democratic Party (PDP), Alhaji Atiku Abubakar, will work against them at the February 2019 presidential election.
Citing the curse Obasanjo earlier placed on himself if he supports Atiku for the presidency because of the latter's alleged betrayal of the trust he placed on him, Oshiomhole said that now that the former president had eaten his words, the duo would certainly receive God's punishment which would translate to President Muhammadu Buhari humiliating them at the presidential race next year.
Oshiomhole dismissed the grievances and anti-party activities of the governors of Ogun and Imo states, Ibikunle Amosun and Rochas Okorocha respectively as he asserted that the APC had emerged stronger without them.
He assured APC's' supporters in Imo and Ogun that the national and state organs of the party would work hard to ensure the victory of the governorship candidates without Amosun and Okorocha.
The APC chairman stated this yesterday when he received APC women leaders from Edo State in his office in Aso Drive, Abuja.
Oshiomhole recalled that Obasanjo swore that God should punish him if he ever supports Atiku to become Nigeria's president.
Asked of his fears for 2019 elections, he said: "I will rather tell you my hopes and that is that Buhari will win by getting more votes than he got before. Nobody has said that Buhari is a thief, but who said that the other person is a thief was the person he worked with.
While describing the governors as poor students of history who had forgotten where they came from to join the APC, Oshiomhole declared that some APC governors no longer have electoral value.
He said: "Our popularity in Imo and Ogun states is much higher. What you don't know and Nigerians always make me surprise by thinking that once you are a governor, you have electoral value. Yes, we have overwhelming majority of the APC governors with electoral value, but we also have others without electoral value.
"I can confidently tell you today that in Imo State, APC will win more votes. As I said, it is about numbers and my focus is about the ordinary Imo electorate because the governor, his commissioner for happiness and the son in-law have only one vote on that day.
"But those mechanics, market women, school teachers and workers, whose salaries are unpaid for years, have the same weight of votes. They are excited about the new possibilities of a new government coming with new ideas free from all the encumbrances of the present system. I am very confident in Imo.
"Also, in Ogun State, don't forget that the Vice President Yemi Osinbajo is from that state. We cannot focus on one person and not on the other. Ogun is one of the most enlightened states in the country and that is where the late sage, Chief Obafemi Awolowo, came from. They have a huge history in a political kingdom headed by one person.
"When a child runs out of his father's house to bear a new name, according to history and the Bible, he returns when the weather thoroughly beats him as a prodigal son. That is why APC has prodigal sons. Those who think that their political future is not tied to the party are poor students of history.
"They forget that some of these people thinking that they are invisible have run elections before and lost deposit until they abandoned their parties and joined us. If they return back, history will repeat itself," he said.
Meanwhile, Oshiomhole's predecessor, Chief John Odigie-Oyegun, has appealed to the political class and general public to exercise restraint as the general elections approach and be ready to make sacrifices in the interest of the country.
Odigie-Oyegun expressed sadness over the current crisis rocking the APC, even as he expressed the confidence that the ongoing peace moves would yield the expected results.
He spoke with newsmen for the first time since he left office at his Abuja residence yesterday.
According to him, he does not know anyone who is happy with the raging instability in the party and called for compromises for peace to reign in the APC.
Odigie-Oyegun said: "We need to begin to confront the elections in February next year which given the state of the nation, are bound to be challenging" even as he appealed that efforts be made to enthrone peace such that the party would approach the race as a united force.
He said: "They promised us security, jobs, and to improve the economy, but in each of these, they failed. It is time for our people to return PDP to power because Nigeria was good when the PDP was in power.
He said: "Look at the genocide in Benue and Plateau States and no arrest was made. APC is a government of propaganda. They can't fool Nigerians again," adding that Atiku has experience in both private and public sectors that he can use to return Nigeria to the path of glory and a buoyant economy.


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How do buildings become places? The newly transformed King's Cross Station offers a few clues into the secret sauce that is required to tap into the ever elusive genius loci that is often captured in successful architectural projects. Here, for example, the Western Concourse of the development which is now the largest single span structure in Europe, represents a marvel of both architectural design and engineering. But of course the whole project was far more intricate than that. It took an immense synergistic effort to deliver what is now one of the most prominent 21st Century transport exchanges.
This latest transformation of King's Cross Station, spearheaded by John McAslan + Partners, seats smirk at the confluence of three varying styles in architectural practice: adaptive re-use, restoration and new build. The main train shed and range buildings were adaptively reused, while the obscure Grade 1 listed facade has had its architectural lustre restored, with the new build extension placing the Western Concourse as the nucleus of this multi-modal transport hub. Network Rail's intention with the project was to provide a breath-taking architectural gateway to England's capital, especially with the then looming 2012 London Olympics.
The original building of the King's Cross Station designed by George Turnbull and Lewis Cubitt was opened in 1852 by the Great Northern Railway. Over 150 years, this Victorian architectural icon was rendered a way-finding nightmare thanks to a copious amount of extensions and adaptations. In 1998, Network Rail, with a view of rejuvenating the station to its former glory, launched a colossal revitalisation project that would better cater its 50 million annual customers. John McAslan + Partners, having been commissioned to envision and lead this massive undertaking, developed and presented in 2005, an overall master plan for the station's face lift.
With clarity in way finding being a salient tenet in transport architecture, the design team's concept sort to heal the fractured passenger routes by providing a more coherent flow of pedestrian movement. As immense a task as this sounds, it is noteworthy how the transformation was able to respect and offer fresh perspectives of Lewis Cubitt's original design. And it is this dialogue between the old and new that is the success story of the whole of King's Cross Station's modernisation enterprise.
The main architectural event of the USD 886 Million development is the Western Concourse that is covered by a shell-like diagrid roof – a minimalist recipe of glass, steel and aluminium – that rises about 20 metres high and spans a dramatic 52 metres. To achieve this impressive feat of engineering, Arup designed the canopy to be supported by a steel funnel at central locus of the semicircle and by a 16 tree columns along the circumference. "It is the greatest station building, ever!" John McAslan proudly declares; perhaps encapsulating how the elegant simplicity of the expansive concourse takes one's senses captive and renders an exhilarating feeling of freedom.
The concourse distributes people to the main railway platforms offering the commuters with retail and leisure opportunities as they board or disembark from their trains. The original glass roof of the old train shed was restored. Any clatter within the space was gotten rid of, so that the result is an airy spatial abundance that is filled with light. John McAslan, who has a high admiration for Victorian glasshouses; wanted to bring the expansiveness of acclaimed airports like Dulles International Airport in Washington DC and John F. Kennedy International Airport in New York; to a train station that local commuters would use on a day-to-day basis.
So was spending over half of a billion pounds warranted? I say yes! A bid to flatten the site and put up a new terminus may have ended up being more expensive. But that aside, restoring a Grade 1 facility was a delicate but necessary affair – because the conservation of icons of architectural movements of the past, in a way freeze a piece of history for the sake of posterity. Some pundits argue that despite how the Western Concourse is an aesthetic feast on the inside; that it fails to establish a contextual relationship with its surroundings. Sometimes buildings take time to 'feel' comfortable with their immediate neighbours. In a few years, when the commuters and retailers have made the newly transformed King's Cross Station their own, I hope that it will be an indelible part of their daily lives, at least one they look forward to!
Main Contractors: Laing O'Rourke & Costain Group, Carillion, Vinci Construction, Kier Rail, Osborne Co.


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text:
var AWS, helpers, http, url;

helpers = require('./helpers');

url = require('url');

http = require('http');

AWS = helpers.AWS;

if (AWS.util.isNode()) {
  describe('AWS.MetadataService', function() {
    describe('loadCredentials', function() {
      var forceTimeout, httpClient, port, ref, server, service;
      ref = [null, 1024 + parseInt(Math.random() * 100), null, null], server = ref[0], port = ref[1], service = ref[2], forceTimeout = ref[3];
      httpClient = AWS.HttpClient.getInstance();

      beforeEach(function() {
        forceTimeout = false;
        helpers.spyOn(http.ClientRequest.prototype, 'setTimeout').andCallFake(function(timeout, cb) {
          if (forceTimeout) {
            return process.nextTick(cb);
          }
        });
        service = new AWS.MetadataService({
          host: '127.0.0.1:' + port
        });
        server = http.createServer(function(req, res) {
          var data, match, re;
          re = new RegExp('^/latest/meta-data/iam/security-credentials/(.*)$');
          match = url.parse(req.url).pathname.match(re);
          if (match) {
            res.writeHead(200, {
              'Content-Type': 'text/plain'
            });
            if (match[1] === '') {
              res.write('TestingRole\n');
              res.write('TestingRole2\n');
            } else {
              data = '{"Code":"Success","AccessKeyId":"KEY","SecretAccessKey":"SECRET","Token":"TOKEN"}';
              res.write(data);
            }
          } else {
            res.writeHead(404, {});
          }
          res.end();
        });
        server.listen(port);
      });

      afterEach(function() {
        if (server) {
          server.close();
        }
      });

      it('should load credentials from metadata service', function(done) {
        service.loadCredentials(function(err, data) {
          expect(err).to.equal(null);
          expect(data.Code).to.equal('Success');
          expect(data.AccessKeyId).to.equal('KEY');
          expect(data.SecretAccessKey).to.equal('SECRET');
          expect(data.Token).to.equal('TOKEN');
          done();
        });
      });

      it('should load credentials from metadata service', function(done) {
        var concurrency, countdown, i, ref1, results, x;
        concurrency = countdown = 10;
        results = [];
        for (x = i = 1, ref1 = concurrency; 1 <= ref1 ? i <= ref1 : i >= ref1; x = 1 <= ref1 ? ++i : --i) {
          results.push(service.loadCredentials(function(err, data) {
            expect(err).to.equal(null);
            expect(data.Code).to.equal('Success');
            expect(data.AccessKeyId).to.equal('KEY');
            expect(data.SecretAccessKey).to.equal('SECRET');
            expect(data.Token).to.equal('TOKEN');
            countdown--;
            if (countdown === 0) {
              done();
            }
          }));
        }
      });

      it('should fail if server is not up', function(done) {
        server.close();
        server = null;
        service.loadCredentials(function(err, data) {
          expect(err).to.be.instanceOf(Error);
          expect(data).not.to.exist;
          done();
        });
      });

      it('should retry when request times out', function(done) {
        var firstTry, options, spy;
        options = {
          host: '127.0.0.1:' + port,
          maxRetries: 5
        };
        firstTry = true;
        spy = helpers.spyOn(httpClient, 'handleRequest').andCallFake(function() {
          if (firstTry) {
            forceTimeout = true;
            firstTry = false;
          } else {
            forceTimeout = false;
          }
          spy.origMethod.apply(httpClient, arguments);
        });
        service = new AWS.MetadataService(options);
        service.loadCredentials(function(err, data) {
          expect(err).to.be["null"];
          expect(data.AccessKeyId).to.equal('KEY');
          expect(spy.calls.length).to.equal(3);
          done();
        });
      });

      it('should retry up to the specified maxRetries when requests time out', function(done) {
        var options, spy;
        options = {
          host: '127.0.0.1:' + port,
          maxRetries: 5
        };
        forceTimeout = true;
        spy = helpers.spyOn(httpClient, 'handleRequest').andCallThrough();
        service = new AWS.MetadataService(options);
        service.loadCredentials(function(err, data) {
          expect(data).to.be.undefined;
          expect(err).to.not.be["null"];
          expect(err.code).to.equal('TimeoutError');
          expect(spy.calls.length).to.equal(6);
          done();
        });
      });

      it('makes only one pair of requests when multiple calls are made before first one finishes', function(done) {
        var concurrency, countdown, i, options, ref1, results, services, spy, x;
        options = {
          host: '127.0.0.1:' + port
        };
        spy = helpers.spyOn(httpClient, 'handleRequest').andCallThrough();
        concurrency = countdown = 10;
        services = [];
        results = [];
        for (x = i = 1, ref1 = concurrency; 1 <= ref1 ? i <= ref1 : i >= ref1; x = 1 <= ref1 ? ++i : --i) {
          services[x - 1] = new AWS.MetadataService(options);
          results.push(services[x - 1].loadCredentials(function(err, data) {
            expect(err).to.equal(null);
            expect(data.AccessKeyId).to.equal('KEY');
            countdown--;
            if (countdown === 0) {
              expect(spy.calls.length).to.equal(2);
              return done();
            }
          }));
        }
      });
    });

    describe('request', function() {
      var disabledEnvAtStart = process.env[AWS.util.imdsDisabledEnv];

      beforeEach(function() {
        delete process.env[AWS.util.imdsDisabledEnv];
      });

      afterEach(function() {
        if (typeof disabledEnvAtStart === 'string') {
          process.env[AWS.util.imdsDisabledEnv] = disabledEnvAtStart;
        } else {
          delete process.env[AWS.util.imdsDisabledEnv];
        }
      });

      it(
        'should not make any requests if the AWS_EC2_METADATA_DISABLED environment variable is set to a truthy value',
        function(done) {
          process.env.AWS_EC2_METADATA_DISABLED = '1';
          var spy = helpers.spyOn(AWS.HttpClient.getInstance(), 'handleRequest')
            .andCallThrough();
          var service = new AWS.MetadataService();

          service.request('/foo/bar', function(err, data) {
            expect(spy.calls.length).to.equal(0);
            expect(data).not.to.exist;
            expect(err).to.exist;
            expect(err.message).to.equal('EC2 Instance Metadata Service access disabled');
            done();
          });
        }
      );
    });
  });
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Have you ever looked both ways before crossing a street? The idea has been drilled into our heads since we were children. Drivers pose a significant threat to pedestrians in the United States, so it's natural to be wary of them while walking.
Threat modeling is something we do thousands of times per day, whether we think about it or not. We are experts in assessing potential immediate risks to ourselves. We choose to walk on populated, well-lit streets rather than in dark alleys. We put on seat belts when we take a trip in a car. We avoid eating spoiled food that might make us sick.
What's the value of the asset I'm trying to protect?
Where is this asset most vulnerable to attack?
What are the most relevant threats?
In the context of our daily lives, the "asset" is exactly that: your life and overall health. Our health is vulnerable in many ways, and we handle threats as they present themselves and put ourselves in positions to reduce risk. Despite the low chances of being in a car crash, we still put on our seat belts to reduce the chances of severe injury or death in the event of one. We eat well and exercise to avoid heart disease and other health-related problems.
Think about the different possible threats you face on a road like this, depending on how you choose to travel.
While those things are important in our day-to-day lives, we face longer-term threats too. What's the threat model of Planet Earth? In recent history, nuclear war was the primary threat to civilization. The Doomsday Clock is currently set at two minutes to midnight, the closest it's ever been since 1953, when nuclear war seemed like a near-certainty.
Unlike the prospect of nuclear war, climate change is a "tragedy of the commons" situation. We've been historically bad at countering these sorts of threats (see: overfishing, pollution, water usage, etc.). But we've never been more connected than we are today. Although it can feel hopeless at the federal level, we are in a position to be heard and influence policy in a way we never have been before.
We have one planet, and collective human action will decide if we get to keep living on it. It's time to start centering our lives around how we protect humanity's future on this planet.
Within the context of climate change, can we say that the hundreds of millions of dollars we've spent on projects like I-35W construction are making us safer or putting us at risk? What if we put that money into public transit to get people out of cars?
The costs of inaction are high as well. Every day we go without a gas tax, SWLRT, or an expansion of bus rapid-transit (BRT), we kick the can further down the road. As your doctor will tell you, years of inactivity can lead to hardening of the arteries. Climate change is the same kind of long term threat. By the time you're facing the consequences, it's often too late to make the healthy decisions that would have saved your life 10 or 20 years earlier.
What steps can we take? The local level is one of the best places to create change. Neighbors For More Neighbors helped shape the Minneapolis Comprehensive Plan to advocate for land-use policies that help to combat climate change. Now leaders in other cities are looking to follow the Minneapolis example. Let's not underestimate the power of our example to other cities.
Is reducing parking requirements going to save the planet? No. Is allowing triplexes going to save the planet? No. But those things create a city that allows more people to live a lifestyle that's less reliant on cars. That means less sprawl, a lower carbon footprint for our region, and an opportunity to imagine what a city less dependent on cars can look like.
We can't wait for national or international action to fight climate change. The stakes are too high and the impacts are coming, albeit slowly. We must make changes at the local level too. Local changes that seem inconvenient now become downright impossible later. We can't let "too little too late" become a part of the narrative. There's no better place than the local level to make our region a model for the future.
Letting more people live where they don't need to be entirely dependent on a car. Yes.
That's a whole lot of places residents will be able to very easily get to without a car.
This is the first I've heard of this plan –thanks for the post. I can't imaging why there would be opposition to it. I think it's a great improvement.
One related question not addressed in Minneapolis 2040 and the forthcoming Transportation Action Plan is "Why does Minneapolis need to own, operate, and maintain thousands of parking stalls in structures and lots as a municipal service?". This, while policies claim to prioritize walking, biking, and transit. Such facilities induce more driving, have an awful street presence, and take up valuable land in the densest part of the region. Shouldn't Minneapolis even consider selling or demolishing these buildings in the next 10 or 20 years as they are already going through efforts to plan for the future?
That's a really good point. I would've liked to see "no new parking structures" in the 2040 plan. Since that's a land-use document, it would apply to both public and private ramps. If we were to do that, we would be in a better position to raise the cost of parking in them.
I wouldn't be opposed to selling or demolishing them for housing either, but we certainly can leverage them as they are now to make driving less convenient.
While its debatable how much parking is needed downtown, I don't think that its a stretch to say that we need parking downtown, because it is the hub for the state & region not just the city. It has the major convention center, 3 of the 4 major sports teams. A few major hospitals, a few national headquarters (corporations and non profits), and a whole bunch of other stuff and events.
Parking ramps allow millions of people who have no public transit available to them to visit downtown, see their favorite sports team, visit friends and family in the hospital. See a professional live theater performance, etc.
But unfortunately its almost impossible to make money on a parking ramp, so the private sector doesn't build too many.
I know this pro parking ramp response is going to rub some people the wrong way, but my point is that downtown Minneapolis isn't just for the people of Minneapolis, other people need access too, and most people can't take a bus to get there.
Thats a good point. I think the goal in general is to just gradually shift away over time – not really a whole sale demolition of a ll parking period.
But yes, the rural visitors is something I don't usually consider.
Who is this? Which roads can you drive into downtown without passing a place where you could catch a bus or train? Why does the city benefit from making driving all the way downtown the most convenient option?
And yes, it very much rubs me the wrong way when people argue that the city should make itself worse for the convenience of people who only visit it occasionally. Among other things, I don't think it even works, as people generally prefer to visit pleasant places, not abundant parking.
How many park and ride places does the typical bus stop or light rail transit station have.
As far as "pleasant places", yes that's a conundrum. Because a lot of people won't go to a place if they have to ride a bus, but a lot of parking admittedly makes the place less pleasant. My sister won't ever go to 50th and France or Uptown because of how hard it is to drive and park there, yet she's always begging me to drive her there because of all the cute shops there. (And no, she would never consider riding a bus, ever).
But for sports stadiums I don't care how pleasant the neighborhood is since once I park by the stadium and enter the neighborhood is outside. If Minneapolis doesn't want to provide parking for the suburbanites that want to drive there then they never should have been built downtown, seems we had a location out in Bloomington for the Vikings, Twins, and North Stars that had plenty of parking. To say nothing about how hard titillating is now downtown.
Is Uptown doing fine without your sister? If so, why should it change?
If I drive into downtown from the north I don't pass by any park and ride that has service on the weekends. Sure, I could drive another 8 to 10 miles south to a blue line park and ride, but how is burning another gallon of gas round trip helping the environment?
Minneapolis wants people to come downtown. That is why they have a convention center that cost tens of millions in downtown. How many people would simply not come to the NCAA fan fest if they had to use transit?
This is an excellent piece, thank you! I really appreciate the framing with questions to help people assess climate breakdown (and then formulate their own responses!
I kept scrolling back to see if you link to Minneapolis' Transportation Action Plan, which happens within the same framework as the Comprehensive Plan (in response to it). It's up for public engagement throughout April and will guide Minneapolis' transportation and public right of way choices for the next ten years.
Right now, in my view, there's a strong risk of it being far too tepid to truly spur the modeshare shift and rethinking of our publicly held right of way that we need in the face of spiralling climate breakdown and still-increasing emissions–we need to see engaged residents pushing Public Works towards bigger and more meaningful ideas than simply adding bike lanes or considering winter maintenance of sidewalks–we need to be talking about greatly reducing vehicles in our city, phasing out large freight vehicles (the presence of which necessitate extremely dangerous street design), rethinking walking infrastructure completely (sidewalks are not designed to drain and instead the city requires them to serve as stormwater mitigation routes for private parcels), and creating street that are flexible enough to meet our city's needs as we see a rapid decrease in SOV and uptick in population.
How do you propose that freight is delivered to businesses downtown without large trucks? I thought the fire dept is usually the one insisting on making it easy for their large trucks to get around?
Or how trash is picked up. Maybe we can all use our city mandated large freight bikes to drop off trash at centralized locations.


With the Samsung Galaxy S3 Jelly Bean update now available for Verizon, Sprint and AT&T users, we are starting to see users comment on their experience with the newly updated OS.
While everything we've heard so far seems to be positive, there have been a few complaints with poor battery life since the Samsung Galaxy S3 got bumped up to Android Jelly Bean. If you're experiencing this problem there is a way you can try and remedy it.
The newly updated Google Now by default automatically report its location, and it does it a lot. To disable this go into Maps, settings, location settings, and uncheck automatic location reporting.
Granted that this messes with some of the functionality of the Google Now cards, it does help with battery life. So if you're not using Google Now so extensively, disabling location services should return the battery life of your Samsung Galaxy S3 to what it was more like when it was running Ice Cream Sandwich.
← Previous Story Skyrim PS3 Compensations For Hearthfire, Dawnguard & Dragonborn?


text:
Q: Nested loop complexity I have several lists of varying size, each index of the list contains both a key and an object : list1.add('Key', obj).
The lists are all sorted.
My aim is to iterate through the list and match 1 or more items in list 2,3,4 or n to an item in the mainList using the key.
Currently I do something along the lines of:
for i to list1 size
   for j to list2 size
   if list1[i] = list2[j]
      do stuff

As I loop through I'm, using boolean values to exit quickly using a if current != previous check and I'm deleting the object from the list I take it from.
it's working fine but I now have another list that I need to match and possible another n lists afterwards.  The lists are of different sizes.
the 2 options that I can see are to either repeat the above segment of code several times where the inner list is changed - I do no like this approach.
The other option is to extend the above and once one inner loop is finished, move onto the next:
  for i to list1 size
       for j to list2 size
       if list1[i] = list2[j]
          do stuff
       for k to list2 size
       if list1[i] = list2[k]
          do stuff

I'd like to think I'm correct in thinking that the 2nd is more efficient however I'm unsure.  Also, is there a better way?
Thanks for any advice / help.

A: If the lists are all sorted then you only need to iterate though each list once; on each iteration of the main list, iterate through a secondary list (starting at the previously saved index, initialized to 0) until you find an index whose value is greater than the current value of the main list, save this index, and proceed to the next secondary list.
Array<Integer> indices = new Array(n-1); // indices for every list except list1
for(int i = 0; i < indices.size; i++) {
  indices[i] = 0;
}

for(int i = 0; i < list1.size; i++) {
  Value curVal = list1[i];
  while(indices[0] < list2.size && list2[indices[0]] <= curVal) {
    if(list2[indices[0]] == curVal) {
      // do stuff on list2[indices[0]]
    }
    indices[0]++;
  }
  while(indices[1] < list3.size && list3[indices[1]] < curVal) {
    if(list3[indices[1]] == curVal) {
      // do stuff on list3[indices[1]]
    }
    indices[1]++;
  }
  // etc
}

You can avoid the copy-pasting by using something like a ListIterator that contains a list and its current index; then on each iteration of the main loop you'll iterate through a list of ListIterators in lieu of the copy-pasted code block
public class ListIterator {
  int index = 0;
  List<Value> list;
  Value curVal() {
    return list[index];
  }
  boolean hasNext() {
    return (index < list.size);
  }
}

List<ListIterator> iterators;
for(int i = 0; i < list1.size; i++) {
  Value curVal = list1[i];
  for(int j = 0; j < iterators.size; j++) {
    ListIterator iterator = iterators[j];
    while(iterator.hasNext() && iterator.curVal() <= curVal) {
      if(iterator.curVal() == curVal) {
        // do something with iterator.curVal()
      }
      iterator.index++;
    }
  }
}

This is time complexity O(n) where n is the sum of the lengths of all of your lists

Edit: If it's difficult to compare keys via <=, then you can use a Set implementation instead.  Add the List1 keys to a Set, then iterate through the remaining lists testing for set membership.
Set<String> set = new Set(List1);
Array<List> lists = new Array();
// add lists to Array<List>

for(int i = 0; i < lists.size; i++) {
  List currentList = lists[i];
  for(int j = 0; j < currentList.size; j++) {
    if(set.contains(currentList[j]) {
      // do something
    }
  }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Q: How change width for edit window I have a content type with some fields, but the width for edit window is not enought.
Is there any option to change the width for edit window. I noticed style have max-width:800px!important value, but it should be nice to have an option to change the size for the window.


TEC Partners are pleased to announce the acquisition of ABRS Ltd (Bailey Group) in an undisclosed £multi-million deal. ABRS Ltd, established in 1999 by Andrew Bailey, work with some of the UK's biggest corporations, fast track start-up's and top VC firms and provide top permanent and contract talent. TEC Partners was founded by Paul Kitley, Leigh Howard and Chris Beech and have already achieved formidable growth, with this acquisition creating the platform for their exciting industry disruptive strategy.


text:
.Node {
  stroke-width: 1;
}

.Node__link:hover > text {
  text-decoration: underline;
}


text:
Constitutionalism Justified (Innbundet)
Rainer Forst in Discourse
Forlag: Oxford University Press Inc
Omtale Constitutionalism Justified
Constitutionalism Justified analyzes leading Frankfurt School theorist Rainer Forst's theory of a basic right to justification, unique in combining insights from philosophy, constitutionalism, and legal theory. Drawing upon Kant's critical philosophy and Habermas's discourse theory, he has developed fresh perspectives on core topics like the concept of justice, the relation between modernity and emancipation, and human rights. The contributors to this volume
explore Forst's work from three different perspectives: philosophy, legal philosophy, and constitutional theory.
The first part of this volume addresses the philosophical argument of the basic right to justification, including the influence of Kantian thought on this right, the deontological versus teleological fundamentals, the tension between moral pluralism and universalism, and the relation of the right to justification with social and distributive justice. The second part covers how the right to justification is embedded in constitutional and legal frameworks. It explores the implications that
Forst's right to justification has for conceptualizing constitutional democracy and its foundations, and how the moral right to justification may translate into particular practices of justification that are constrained by a legal framework. This includes discussion of the value of constitutionalism in
general, of the relation between the formal structure of democracy and substantive justice, of the inclusion of outsiders to the constitutional setting, and of proportionality analysis and judicial review as forms of justification. The book concludes with Rainer Forst's reply to his interlocutors, making the book a valuable source for future research.
Law, Empire, and the Sultan
Samy A. Ayoub
Colonists, Citizens, Constitutions
James Hrdlicka
The Failure of Popular Constitution Making in Turkey
Decentralised Energy - a Global Game Changer
Education, Law and Diversity
Neville Harris
The Frontiers of Public Law


See how much wood you need for your new fence with our fencing calculator. Then, use ImproveNet to find ... allowance for waste included. This is an estimate.
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The cost to Install a Wood Privacy Fence starts at $22.08 - $35.98 per linear foot, but can vary significantly ... The Homewyse wood privacy fence installation calculator uses industry-standard methods and ... To estimate costs for your project: 1.


text:
Home / People / Walker, Rebecca L.
Walker, Rebecca L.
Rebecca L. Walker
Adjunct Professor of Public Policy and Philosophy
Professor of Social Medicine, Core Faculty Center for Bioethics
MacNider Hall 341B
rlwalker@email.unc.edu
Dr. Walker's current work focuses on biomedical research including animal research, phase I healthy volunteer research, and genomic advances. She also works on topics in health care ethics including distributive justice and concepts of autonomy.
Dr. Walker completed a Greenwall Foundation post-doctoral fellowship in bioethics and health policy at Johns Hopkins and Georgetown Universities in July 2001. She then held a visiting faculty position in the Philosophy Department at the University of Michigan, arriving at UNC in 2003.
In Philosophy, she regularly teaches topics in the philosophy of medicine and bioethics at both the undergraduate and graduate levels. In Social Medicine she teaches during the "foundational" phase of the medical school curriculum.
Dr. Walker served on the faculty advisory board for the Institute for Arts and Humanities, on UNC's Animal Care and Use Committee, and is past co-director of education for the Hospital Ethics Service. She is Principal Investigator, with Jill Fisher, on an NIH grant that aims to improve ethics and policy for phase I healthy volunteer research, the Comparative Model Organism Research Ethics, CMORE, for Healthy Volunteers study. She is also part of UNC's Center for Genomics and Society.
Dr. Walker has co-edited four volumes including the two-volume series
The Social Medicine Reader, 3rd edition, 2019, Duke University Press. Her other co-edited volumes are: Working Virtue: Virtue Ethics and Contemporary Moral Problems, 2007, Oxford University Press, and Health Inequalities and Justice: New Conversations Across the Disciplines, 2016, UNC Press. Recent works include a monograph titled Of Mice and Primates: Virtue Ethics and Animal Research.
Dr. Walker's research has appeared in: PLoS Medicine, Perspectives in Biology and Medicine, Ethics & Human Research, The Hastings Center Report, Kennedy Institute of Ethics Journal, Journal of Medicine and Philosophy, Nature Biotechnology, Bioethics, AMA Journal of Ethics, Journal of Theoretical Medicine and Bioethics, Health Economics, North Carolina Law Review, Journal of Empirical Research on Human Research Ethics, Journal of Bioethical Inquiry, Criminal Justice Ethics, American Journal of Bioethics, and Journal of Law, Medicine and Ethics, among other venues.


text:
Maintaining Your Zen While Maintaining Your GPA
Coachella 2017: Three Artists to Watch
By WGMUMUSIC in Album Reviews, Concerts
Kaitlyn Koegler
WGMU Blogger
Under the beating sun of the California desert, famous annual music festival Coachella is just around the corner. And, like many years before, an impressive line-up of well-known superstars and rising underdogs will be taking the stage once again to perform at one pop culture's most well-known festivals.
Sporting a huge line-up every year, Coachella spans two weekends in April. And for many that attend or simply track the play-by-play online, the sheer number of artists to check out can be miles long.
Luckily for most there are some artists that stand out just by name. But many others, while not recognizable by first glance, are artists you're going to want to keep an eye on at this year's festival.
Here are three artists to watch out for at this year's Cochella festival:
1. Swet Shop Boys: Forming in 2014, Swet Shop Boys are a hip-hop group consisting of rappers Heems and Riz MC and producer Redinho. Just releasing their very first full-length album in 2016, Swet Shop Boys are new in the music scene. That certainly hasn't stopped them from chasing success, however. Their album Cashmere scored high praise from music reviewers and critiques and with a gig at Cochella soon arriving, we may be witnessing the birth of a rising star.
2. Kiiara: Many that know Kiiara from her smash hit Gold have failed to dig deeper into this 21-year-old electropop princess' insanely solid discography. Her music totes an almost dream-like quality with a certain air of darkness lacing her enchanting voice. Sure, she'll probably perform Gold at Cochella; no doubt about it. But to not know her other tracks is denying oneself quite the musical treat.
3. Glass Animals: A frequent flyer when it comes to festivals, Glass Animals has made a rise to stardom within the alternative rock community. Their 2016 release, Life Itself did relatively well on alternative rock charts. And with appearances at other noteworthy festivals like Bonnaroo and Lollapalooza, this little band from England might just be the next big thing.
Cochella runs from April 14 to 16 and from April 21 to 23.


I'm working with Scribus 1.3.3.13svn on Ubuntu.
If I copy and paste image (like on this video http://www.tsoots.fi/uploads/media/bullets.ogg - see the end of this video) the pasted image isn't printed in PDF.
If I "Save Page as SVG" the same picture is printed!
as far i can tell, 1.3.3.13 does not really support embedded images.
it may be working better in 1.4, the upcoming release but it's not supported there, either.
the first version which will be supporting images embedded in a .sla will be 1.6 (the feature is already in 1.5svn), but (IMO) you normally should not use that feature.
in DTP, you should always link your images!
p.s.: if you right click on an image frame and load a picture it will get linked. this is the good way to do it. if you copy paste it it may be embedded or linked to temporaray place where it's not available anymore when you reboot your computer. you should avoid it.
Do you really think that it's a problem with the support of embedded images in a .sla?
If I export the .sla in SVG the image is shown.
I update Scribus to 1.3.3.14 and it works!


Industry Update is the "One-Stop-Shop" for Builders, Architects, and Contractors!
Do the products I plan on using meet Australian Paint Approval Scheme (APAS) specifications?
Does my construction project qualify to be directly funded by the Australian Government Building and Construction OHS Accreditation Scheme?
What is Australia's position on ecologically sustainable development (ESD), and how should it affect my construction project?
Where can I find a vendor that supplies corrugated roofing that is coated with Kynar?
Since 1977, AWS has specialised in providing innovative and cost-effective packaging and building maintenance solutions.
With 59 years of experience in steel fabrication, Steer Manufacturing has seen huge growth in the use of steel house frames. Steel is the best product available for making wall frames, floor and roof systems.
Kulin Group is a specialist contracting company with over 25 years experience in structural concrete repairs, waterproofing, industrial flooring, crack injection and more.
Western Solar Ventilation Systems has been in the industry for 20 years. The company is dedicated to the development of solar-powered products and has the widest range of solar powered exhaust systems in Australia.