text:
The Poetry of Rudyard Kipling
By Charles Eliot Norton
DURING the last two or three years, we have often heard the lament that the Victorian era of poetry was closed; that with the death of Tennyson the last great voice had fallen silent; that only the small harpers with their glees were left, such as Chaucer saw sitting at the feet of the mighty masters of old; or that if one or two who might claim to belong to the band of fame lingered on, they were now old men, and their voices were no longer heard or were faint with age. But the lament was futile, however it might seem to be justified by the verse of the new Poet Laureate. Pye was Poet Laureate at the beginning of the century, as Austin is at its end. But before Pye died Scott and Wordsworth had already secured their seats among the immortals, and England, at the end of the century no less than at the beginning, is still the nursing mother of poets; and though Tennyson and his compeers be dead, her genius, with its eternal youth, is still finding fresh expression for itself, inspired with a novel poetic spirit as genuine as any that has moulded English verse.
This splendid continuous fertility of English genius, this unbroken poetic expression of English character and life from Chaucer to Rudyard Kipling, is unparalleled in the moral and intellectual history of any other race. For five full centuries England has had such a succession of poets as no other land can boast. There is no reason to fear that the succession will fail. One dynasty may follow another, but the throne will not lack a king. It is a change of dynasty which we are witnessing now, and it was the mistaking of this for a break in succession that has given occasion to the lament that the Victorian era of poetry had ended.
As we look back over the poetry of the century, two main inspiring motives, exhibiting a natural evolution of poetic doctrine and influence, are clearly distinguishable. The one, of which Wordsworth is the representative, proceeded direct from external nature in her relations to man; while the other, with many representatives from Keats to Tennyson, Arnold, Clough, and Browning, was derived from human nature, from man himself in his various relations to the universe and to his kind. And all these latter poets, however they might differ in their look upon life, treated it either ideally and romantically, or else as matter mainly of introspective reflection and sentiment. Poetry with them was not so much an image of life as, on the one hand a scenic representation of it, and on the other a criticism of it. In their kind, the finer dramatic lyrics of Browning, scenic representations of life, may long stand unsurpassed, while for criticism and exposition of life of the intellectual order Clough and Arnold may have no rivals, as Tennyson may have none in the field of pure sentiment in exquisite lyrical form.
The poetry inspired by these motives was the adequate expression of the ideals of the age,—of its shifting creeds, its doubts, its moral perplexities, its persistent introspection. The mood lasted for full fifty years, and never did the prevailing mood of the higher life of a people find nobler or more complete utterance. But meanwhile the process of mental and spiritual evolution was going on. The mood was gradually changing; the poets themselves, by uttering it, were exhibiting its limitations; it was a phase of the spiritual life of man, of which no age exhibits the full orb. A new generation had been growing up under these poets, with its own conceptions and aspirations and its new modes of confronting the conditions of existence. It found the poetic motives of the earlier part of the century insufficient; neither external nature nor human nature in any select aspect was what it cared most about. It had taken to heart the instructions of the poets; it aimed "to see life steadily and see it whole," or, in Clough's words,
"to look straight out upon
The big plain things that stare one in the face."
It took the whole world for its realm, and was moved to depict it in its actual aspect and what was called its reality. The realists of yesterday or to-day are the legitimate offspring of the romanticists and idealists of the mid-century, following, as is often the habit of sons, a different course from that which their fathers pursued. The new spirit showed itself at first in prose fiction. It was weak and often misdirected. It waited for its poet. For realism—the aim to see the world and to depict it as it is—required for the fit performance of its work the highest exercise of the poetic imagination. The outward thing, the actual aspect, is in truth the real thing and the true aspect only when seen by the imaginative vision. To see a thing truly, a man must, as Blake says, look through, not with the eye. The common reporter sees with his eye, and, meaning to tell the truth, tells a falsehood. But the imagination has insight, and what it sees is reality.
It is now some six or seven years since Plain Tales from the Hills gave proof that a man who saw through his eyes was studying life in India and was able to tell us what he saw. And those who read the scraps of verse prefixed to many of his stories, if they knew what poetry was, learned that their writer was at least potentially a poet, not by virtue of fantasy alone, but by his mastery of lyrical versification. The rhythm of these fragments had swing and ease and variety, and there was one complete little set of verses, at the head of the last story in the book, which made clear the writer's title to the name of poet. We had not then seen Departmental Ditties and Other Verses, or Ballads and Barrack-Room Ballads: they came to us before long, and showed that the qualities which distinguished Mr. Kipling's stories were not lacking in his poems. There was the same sure touch, the same insight, the same imaginative sympathy with all varieties of life, and the same sense of the moral significance of life even in its crudest, coarsest, and most vulgar aspects. Many of these verses were plainly the work of youth,—of a boy full of talent, but not yet fully master of his own capacities, not yet wholly mastered by his own genius. They had a boyish audacity and extravagance; they were exuberant; there was too much talent in them, usurping the place and refusing the control of genius: but underneath their boyishness, and though their manner was not yet wholly subdued to art, there was a vital spirit of fresh and vigorous originality which, combined with extraordinary control of rhythmical expression, gave sure promise of higher manly achievement.
Mr. Kipling's progress as poet has been plain to those who have read the pieces from his hand which have appeared in magazine and newspaper in England and America, or have had their place in his volumes of stories during the last four or five years. A good part of this scattered verse is now gathered into The Seven Seas, but this volume is by no means a complete collection, and there are poems omitted from it which the lover of poetry can ill spare, and for which he would readily exchange some of those included in it.
But in spite of omissions and inclusions alike to be regretted, The Seven Seas contains a notable addition to the small treasury of enduring English verse, an addition sufficient to establish Mr. Kipling's right to take place in the honorable body of those English poets who have done England service in strengthening the foundations of her influence and of her fame. The dominant tone of his verse is indeed the patriotic; and it is the tone of the new patriotism, that of imperial England, which holds as one all parts of her wide-stretched empire, and binds them close in the indissoluble bond of common motherhood, and with the ties of common convictions, principles, and aims, derived from the teachings and traditions of the motherland, and expressed in the best verses of her poets. It is this passionate, moral, imperial patriotism that inspires the first poem in the book, The Song of the English, and which recurs again and again through its pages.
But if this be the dominant tone, easily recognized by every reader, the full scale which includes it and every other tone of Mr. Kipling's verse is that of actual life seen by the imagination intensely and comprehensively, and seen by it always, in all conditions and under all forms, as a moral experience, with the inevitable consequences resulting from the good or evil use of it.
The gift of imagination, with which as a quality Mr. Kipling is endowed as few men have ever been, has quickened and deepened his sympathies with men of every class and race, and given him free entrance to their hearts. He "draws the thing as he sees it for the God of things as they are;"and the thing as he sees it is the relation of experience and conduct, while the rule of life which he deduces from it is that of "Law, Duty, Order and Restraint, Obedience, Discipline." He does not enforce this rule as a preacher from the pulpit, but, as Shakespeare teaches it, by the simple exhibition of life in its multiplicity and apparent confusion.
"What is a poet?" asks Wordsworth, and he answers his question: "He is a man speaking to men, ... carrying everywhere with him relationship and love.... He binds together by passion and knowledge the vast empire of human society." And this vast empire of society includes the mean and the vulgar no less than the noble and the refined; Tommy Atkins and Bill 'Awkins as well as McAndrew and True Thomas. The recklessness, the coarseness, the brutality of Tommy Atkins, the spirit of the heast in man, all appear in the Barrack-Room Ballads, but not less his courage, his fidelity, his sense of duty, his obscure but deep-seated sentiment. The gist of all these Ballads is the display of the traits of human nature which makes this semi-savage "most remarkable like you." Yet it will not be only the fastidious and the super-refined reader who will find that some of the ballads might well be spared. There is more than one in this last volume which offends the taste by coarseness insufficiently redeemed by humor or by suggestion of virtue obscured by vulgarity, diminishes the charm of the book as a whole, and interferes with the commendation of it which might otherwise be hearty and unqualified. And yet, in condemning these few pieces, and in regretting their association with nobler work, I am reminded of a sentence in the Apologie of Poetrie of Sir John Harington, printed in the year 1591, which runs as follows: "But this I say, and I think I say truly: that there are many good lessons to be learned out of these poems, many good uses to be had of them, and that therefore they are not, nor ought not to be, despised by the wiser sort, but so to be studied and employed as was intended by the writer and deviser thereof, which is to soften and polish the hard and rough disposition of men, and make them capable of virtue and good discipline."
But enough of blame and of excuse. From the reek of the barrack-room we come out with delight to the open air and to the fresh breezes of the sea. For the sea has touched Mr. Kipling's imagination with its magic and its mystery, and never are his sympathies keener than with the men who go down upon it, and with the vast relations of human life to the waters that encircle the earth. Here too is manifest his love of England, the mistress of the sea. The ocean is the highway of her sons, and the paths of the ocean which they travel from one end of the earth to the other are paths from one region to another of her imperial dominion.
The passion for the sea, the mastery of its terrors, the confident but distrustful familiarity with it of the English seaman, have never had such expression as Mr. Kipling has given to them. From his splendid pean of The English Flag, —
"What is the flag of England, winds of the world declare,"
to The Song of the English, —
"We have fed our sea for a thousand years,
And she calls us, still unfed,
Though there 's never a wave of all her waves
But marks our English dead," —
his imagination dwells with vivifying emotion on the heroic combats—now victories, now defeats—of his race with the winds and the waves from which they draw their strength. All that belongs to the story of man upon the sea — the line-of-battle ship, the merchantman, the tramp steamer, the derelict, the little cargo-boats, the lighthouse, the bell-buoy — has its part in his verse of human experience. And so vivid are his appreciations of the poetic significance of even the most modern and practical of the conditions and aspects of sea life that in McAndrew's Hymn, a poem of surpassing excellence alike in conception and in execution, Mr. Kipling has sung the song of the marine steam-engine and all its machinery, from furnacebars to screw, in such wise as to convert their clanging beats and throbs into a sublime symphony in accord with the singing of the morning stars. He has thus fulfilled a fine prophecy of Wordsworth's, that when the time should come, if it should ever come, when the discoveries and applications of science shall become "familiarized to men, and shall be ready to put on, as it were, a form of flesh and blood, the Poet will lend his divine spirit to aid the transfiguration, and will welcome the Being thus produced as a dear and genuine inmate of the household of man."
Such a poem as McAndrew's Hymn is a masterpiece of realism in its clear insight into the real significance of common things, and in its magnificent expression of it. Here Mr. Kipling is at his best, revealing the admirable quality of his imaginative vision and obeying the true command of his genius. It is not strange that the insistence of his varied and vigorous talents should often, during youth, when the exercise of talents is so delightful and so delusive, have interfered with his perfect obedience to the higher law of his inward being. And the less strange is it because of the ready acceptance of the work of talent by the world and by the critics, and their frequent lack of readiness of appreciation of the novel modes of genius. Moreover, this age of ours, like every other age, is full of false and misleading doctrines of art, of which the fallacies are often to be discovered by the artist only through his own hard experience. But the interested reader of Mr. Kipling's verse will not fail to note that almost from the beginning there were indications of his being possessed by the spirit which, whether it be called realist or idealist, sees things as they are; delights in their aspect; finds the shows of the earth good, yet recognizes that they all are but veils, concealments, and suggestions of the things better than themselves, of ideals always to be striven after, never to be attained. The dull-eyed man finds life dull and the earth unpoetic. He is McAndrew's "damned ijjit" who asks, "Mr. McAndrews, don't you think steam spoils romance at sea?" But the poet finds to-day as entertaining as any day that ever dawned, and man's life as interesting and as romantic as it ever was in old times. Yet he is not satisfied; he reveals this human life to himself as well as to his fellows; he gives to it its form of beauty; but for himself there is a something for which he longs, which he seeks for, and which always eludes him. It is his beloved, it is his ideal; it is what Mr. Kipling, in one of his most beautiful poems, and one in which he gives expression to his deepest self, calls the True Romance. This poem begins:—
"Thy face is far from this our war,
Our call and counter-cry,
I shall not find Thee quick and kind,
Nor know Thee till I die:
Enough for me in dreams to see
And touch Thy garments' hem:
Thy feet have trod so near to God
I may not follow them."
It is this poem which more than any other gives the key to the interpretation of Mr. Kipling's work in general, and displays its controlling aim. And more than this, it gives assurance of better work to come than any which Mr. Kipling has yet achieved. For as with every man who holds to a high ideal, pursuing it steadily, each step is a step in advance, so is it with the poet. The imagination, if it be a genuine faculty, and not a mere quality, is not to be worn out and exhausted by use. Nay, rather, it grows stronger with exercise; it is constantly quickened by each new experience; its insight becomes deeper and more keen. It is the poets in whom imagination is a secondary quality who, as they grow old, fail to equal their youthful selves. But the poets whose imagination is the essence of their being lose nothing, but gain always with advance of years. They are the real idealists.
I have said too little, in what precedes, concerning the gifts possessed by Mr. Kipling which would be matters of chief consideration with a minor poet,— gifts subsidiary to his imagination, though dependent on it for their excellence,—the frequent perfect mating of word with sentiment, the graphic epithet, the force, freedom, directness, and simplicity of diction, the exquisite movement and flow of rhythm, the felicity of rhyme. It would be easy to illustrate these qualities of his poetry by the selection of verses in which they are displayed; but there is little need to do so, for the poems are already familiar, not only to the readers of poetry, but to many who have hardly read any other verse. The Barrack-Room Ballads, set to old tunes, are already sung wherever the British soldier plants his camp. The correspondent of the London Times, who accompanied the recent expedition to Dongola, told in one of his letters how, while he was writing, he heard the soldiers outside his tent singing one of Kipling's songs.
The study of the forms of Mr. Kipling's verse must be left for some other occasion. It is enough now gratefully to recognize that he continues the great succession of royal English poets, and to pay to him the homage which is his due.


Jed makes it as simple as possible for those who still can't comprehend that Hillary has already lost this primary.
This chart pretty much tells all you need to know to figure out who the Democratic nominee for president will be.
It offers four different scenarios of how Barack Obama might finish relative to Hillary Clinton in the pledged delegate tally, showing the percentage of remaining pledged delegates he would need to achieve that scenario and the percentage of superdelegates he would need to secure the nomination.
The only plausible scenario here is actually the final one (the others are all too conservative), under which he will finish the primaries and caucuses leading by at least 150 pledged delegates. To get there, he only need to win 48% of the remaining pledged delegates, and he'll actually almost certainly end up doing better than that.


You'll be able to pick up Minecraft on disc in just a few weeks' time.
PlayStation 4 owners who prefer to buy physical copies of their games rather than digital copies will soon be able to add Minecraft to their collection. Sony announced today that Minecraft: PlayStation 4 Edition is headed to retail in North America on October 7 for $19.99.
Coinciding with the retail version's release, a patch will be distributed on PSN on October 7 "to ensure you have the best Minecraft experience possible on the PS4," Sony says on the PlayStation Blog. This is said to be a "day one patch," which is a curious name for it considering Minecraft is already available as a downloadable game on PS4.
That version was released earlier this month, with Sony describing it today as having been a "successful launch." (You can pick that version up for only $5 if you own Minecraft on PS3.) That shouldn't come as much of a surprise, given the game's strong performance on every platform it comes to. Its first appearance on a PlayStation platform was last December, when it was released on PS3. Since then, it's been the best-selling PS3 game on the PlayStation Store every month in the United States.
Sony also today said it'll have more news (including cross-buy details with the PS3 version) "in a few weeks" regarding the PlayStation Vita version of Minecraft. Following Microsoft's acquisition of Minecraft maker Mojang, there was some question about what would happen with the Vita version, even though there were indications that it wouldn't be pulled from PlayStation or iOS platforms (despite being direct competitors with Microsoft hardware).
Xbox boss Phil Spencer today said he believes the Vita release should still happen. Given this new promise of more details from Sony, it seems to be indicating that nothing is amiss regarding the long-awaited handheld version.


As a Home from Hospital Volunteer, your role is to assist the Home from Hospital team by offering practical help and support to someone who has just been discharged from hospital, who without this support may be isolated or unable to cope on their own. This is a time limited intervention for up to 6 weeks.
Supporting the person back into their own home.
Light domestic tasks – changing light bulbs, washing, testing smoke alarms and other household jobs.
Volunteers can help by collecting prescriptions and pensions, shopping and posting letters for those that have mobility problems.
Checking the client is safe, warm and well.
Just having a chat and being company.
Home from Hospital volunteers are needed in Bradford, Harrogate, Craven and Selby.
Want more information? Enquire about the Home from Hospital opportunity by completing this form.


text:
Anna Król (ur. w 1979 w Kielcach) – autorka książek i scenariuszy, reżyserka spektakli teatralnych i projektów audiowizualnych wydawczyni, pomysłodawczyni i dyrektorka Big Book Festival.

Życiorys
Z wykształcenia krytczka sztuki. W 2002 ukończyła studia na Wydziale Wiedzy o Teatrze Akademii Teatralnej im. Aleksandra Zelwerowicza w Warszawie.

Autorka książek Spotkać Iwaszkiewicza. Nie-biografia, Rzeczy. Iwaszkiewicz intymnie. Opracowała i wydała Kocią książkę Jarosława Iwaszkiewicza oraz Wszystko jak chcesz. O miłości Jarosława Iwaszkiewicza i Jerzego Błeszyńskiego. Reżyserka spektakli multimedialnych i projektów audiowizualnych.

Wydawca, w 2011 współzałożyła wydawnictwo Wilk&Król Oficyna Wydawnicza. Publikowała m.in. w: "Gazecie Wyborczej", "Polityce", "Magazynie Literackim", "Nowych Książkach" i "Rzeczpospolitej".

Animatorka i menadżerka kultury, autorka projektów literackich promujących literaturę i czytanie. W 2010 powołała pierwszą w Polsce agencję wyspecjalizowaną w dziedzinie promocji kultury.
W 2012 z pisarką Pauliną Wilk założyła Fundację "Kultura nie boli". Pomysłodawczyni i dyrektor Big Book Festival, jedynego festiwalu literackiego, który odbywa się w Warszawie od 2013. Kuratorka wydarzeń promujących twórczość Jarosława Iwaszkiewicza. Pomysłodawczyni i założycielka Big Book Cafe, pierwszego w Polsce centrum literackiego prowadzonego przez organizację pozarządową.

Publikacje
 Spotkać Iwaszkiewicza. Nie-biografia, 2014, .
 Rzeczy. Iwaszkiewicz intymnie, 2015, .
 Kocia książka (oprac.), 2015, .
 Wszystko jak chcesz. O miłości Jarosława Iwaszkiewicza i Jerzego Błeszyńskiego(oprac.), 2017, .

Realizacje teatralne i audiowizualne
 Mrożek na językach. Maraton, 2013
 Iwaszkiewicza sprawy osobiste. Maraton, 2014
 Wieczorem. W poszukiwaniu Jerzego Pilcha, 2015
 Męskie czytanie, 2015
 Czarodziejska góra. Słuchowisko, 2016
 Hamlet - casting, 2016
 Las głosów, instalacja muzyczna, 2016
 Miłość, 2017

Przypisy

Polscy wydawcy
Urodzeni w 1979
Polscy pisarze

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


CLICK HERE to Order 2.125" x 1.75", .030 Thickness Apple Magnets Printed with Your Logo for 9¢ Ea.!
There's no better way to ring in a new school year than with an awesome promotional product from Quality Logo Products®. The Apple Magnet is perfect for all grade levels, students, teachers, administrators and parents.
Your custom item is only as awesome as you design it to be. If you're not a whiz with art software, never fear! Our incredible art department will take advantage of the CMYK printing and make you an awesome logo or typeset image. Apples come in all varieties, and so do custom logos!
When you customize with Quality Logo Products®, you're getting a wholesome product at a healthy price. It doesn't come more wholesome than the personalized Apple Magnet. Order yours today!


Earl and Doris Clark of Pasco celebrated their 70th wedding anniversary with an open house Jan. 30.
They were married Feb. 1, 1940, in Bristow, Okla., and lived above the dairy store they ran there. Doris worked the diner, cooking and serving the customers while Earl made deliveries.
They moved to Pryor, Okla., when Earl went to work for DuPont at the Oklahoma Ordnance Works and moved to the Tri-Cities in 1944 when DuPont transferred him to Hanford.
Earl worked for various Hanford contractors including General Electric Hanford, Atlantic Richfield Company Hanford, Rockwell Hanford and Westinghouse Hanford. He retired in 1981.


Discussion in 'Playstation Forums' started by shay0, Dec 22, 2006.
I thought it was a good idea to split the FAQ for the current set of imports and general questions, ready for the UK release. I've also changed a few links that weren't working and generally tinkered about a bit.
It states that you can ugrade a 20gig with a wifi stick, this is incorrect you need the Wireless G Game Adapter wich converts a ethernet signal to a wifi (so you need a wired connection to the adapter which converts it).
The Adapter is made by Linksys and can be bought through PCWorld.
It might be worth mentioning, as I have a debate with someone over this and now I know the answer.
It doesn't matter what console you own either Japanese or American. If you buy a Japanese copy of a game it will put you on Japanese servers, whilst if you buy an American copy of the game it will put you on the American servers. It doesn't affect me either lag or language barriers (I am studying Japanese anyway) but if you want to play against mostly english speaking players I would suggest getting US versions of games.. My friend and I both have Japanese PS3's but I have a Japanese copy of Resistance Fall of Man and he has an American version, we can't play online against each other due to being on different servers.
You can use any ethernet bridge not just the game adapter you mention.
Is this the case for ALL games or just certain ones? If it's all games, then I'll add it to the sticky.


Ivonna Cadaver is the raven-haired temptress who haunts, teases, and tantalizes viewers each week on nationally-syndicated "Macabre Theatre," the show LA Weekly declared �it beats the living daylights out of just about anything else being broadcast." Ivonna is a timeless ghoul who has chosen to re-invent herself in the 21st Century as the new diva of darkness.
Ivonna delivers hip and cutting-edge humor and commentaries "with a bite." Signature segments include Goth Trivia � fun facts on the movie, CD Picks of the week� the latest in bands and artists; Ghoul Shopping Network � her take on hot products in today�s culture, with a Macabre twist.


text:
Swietłoje () – przystanek kolejowy w miejscowości Swietłoje, w rejonie gurjewskim, w obwodzie kaliningradzkim, w Rosji. Położony jest na linii Kaliningrad – Mamonowo. Perony znajdują się przy torze szerokim i normalnym.

Stacja kolejowa w tym miejscu została otwarta w XIX w. na Pruskiej Kolei Wschodniej (berlińsko-królewieckiej). W okresie przynależności Prus Wschodnich do Niemiec nosiła nazwę Kobbelbude. Do przystanku została zdegradowana w XXI w.

Przypisy

Bibliografia

Stacje i przystanki kolejowe w rejonie gurjewskim (obwód kaliningradzki)


Description: Introduction to small and large quantity cooking, including principles, techniques, and preparation with an emphasis on basic skills, food products, equipment, and sanitation practices. Requires 16 hours of supervised experience catering events outside of class. Prerequisite: MAT082 or higher. Prerequisite or corequisite: RDG100 and CUL105.
Prerequisites: MAT082 or higher; RDG100 and CUL105 must be taken as a prerequisite or a corequisite.
Corequisites: RDG100 and CUL105 must be taken as a prerequisite or a corequisite.


Pet owners have trusted the veterinarians and staff of Town & Country Animal Hospital in Aubrey, Texas with the care of their beloved companions since 1998. From routine pet wellness to advanced diagnostic and surgical procedures, our level of personalized veterinary care is unparalleled.
Our Aubrey veterinary facility, located on founding veterinarian Dr. Strittmatter's home farm, is an ideal location for both small and large animal care. We also understand that there are times when veterinary care is best received at home or on your farm. Whatever your Aubrey pet's needs, Town & Country Animal Hospital's veterinarians and staff are committed to treating each and every animal as one of their own.
Please explore our mobile website for more information about our services. For more information, please give us a call at (940) 382-1986 or visit our full website.


Want to know what's coming next month?
Welcome! To get an idea of what you'll be able to find on this site, now and in the future, read it's purpose, aka it's explanation for existance. Use this form to tell me what you think. Questions? E-mail me.
Introduction to LJS: Resources for newbies and where to purchase books.
Navigating the LJS Web: Let me help you find what you're looking for.
Coupled: An examination of each of L.J. Smith's main couples, from both the Night World and the trilogies.
Essays on L.J: Closer examination of the characters, stories, and subjects of L.J. Smith's books.
Linking to Me: To link back to me.


Press Contact: Julie Bower, Rivercalm.
the London Stock Exchange until September 2000.
by Merrill Lynch in 1995).
management team and the board�.
appointed to Mosaic Software�s board of directors.
software for consumer-generated electronic transactions.
Mosaic Software has a strong global presence.
Alliance, GE, and Ashburn UAB.


AUGUSTA — Maine-ly Harmony women's barbershop chorus' "Winter Wonderland," exploring the wonders of the season at the Salvation Army, 36 Eastern Ave., is canceled.
The group will perform carols and pop tunes, all sung in four-part a cappella harmony.
A free will offering will be taken to benefit the Salvation Army. Raffle baskets and refreshments.
For more information, call Donna Ryder at 582-5523 or email [email protected].


text:
Français · Volume 17, Issue 01 - January 10–24, 2017 · Download PDF
Teaching children human rights through play
Anna-Marie Mirfin // Community, Social // Volume 17, Issue 01 - January 10–24, 2017
The Britannia Community Services Centre recently celebrated the tenth anniversary of Play It Fair!, an educational program developed by Equitas, a Canadian non-profit organization whose mandate is to promote equality, social justice and human rights throughout Canada and the world. The Play It Fair! Toolkit aims to teach children aged six to 12 human rights values through experiential learning, or play.
Left to right: Celine McCaughran Contreras, Emma Carrigan, Jamie Smith, Ricky Tu and Alicia French. | Photo courtesy of Richard Frank
Tom Higashio, Recreational Programmer for Youth at the Britannia Community Centre, has been involved in implementing the program as part of Britannia's day camps since its first formal pilot at the centre in 2006.
"As soon as I saw how effective it was and how easy the Toolkit was to use, I was hooked, " he says. "I have always been a human and children's rights advocate but the installation of the program really excited me. I knew it was something I wanted to be involved in."
Experiential learning opportunities for children
The Play It Fair! Toolkit takes games that children know and love and adapts them in order to provide an informal educational experience in human rights.
Higashio gives the example of musical chairs. Typically this game is about exclusion and competition but a Play It Fair! adaption of the game has the children co-operate and develop strategies to get everyone onto the chairs. The game ends with a discussion about the inclusion and exclusion involved in the games and how these concepts may apply to real life.
Every Play It Fair! game is followed by a discussion. For Higashio, this is one of the most vital components of the learning experience.
"If anything, the discussion's the most important thing. You can go through the activity and experience it but unless you actually know why you're experiencing it you're not really learning," he says.
Higashio says they're seeing results in the children's behaviour.
"There's a lot more natural empathy," he says.
He says the Toolkit's activities, used both proactively and reactively in the day camps, have successfully been used to reduce bullying and help the children deal with anger in real life conflicts.
Program extends beyond children
Higashio says staff members at Britannia have also been influenced by their involvement with Play It Fair!. Some staff have gone on to become human rights journalists, educators who use Play It Fair! in their classrooms, or human rights advocates in their communities, both formally and informally.
"It may have started at Britannia but it's expanded so much more than that," Higashio says.
Ela Esra Gunad, Regional Program Officer of Equitas B.C., says that some organizations like Britannia have gone as far as to integrate the principles of the program into their hiring process and have even started to involve children in the development of the programs that they will ultimately be affected by.
"In the end, all these small changes are leading to a very big change at the community level," Gunad says.
It is through the result of its visible success that Play It Fair! has spread across organizations, Canada and even internationally after the program first began in Montreal ten years ago. The program is now practiced in 48 communities across Canada and has been used in the Middle East, Jordan, Africa and Latin America, reaching an estimated 700,000 children across the world.
Through programs such as this, Equitas aims to provide human rights educators with the concrete tools they need to implement the principles laid out in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, a mission that spurred the establishment of the organization in 1967 when it was founded by a group of scholars and social activists including John Humphrey, co-drafter of the UDHR.
Higashio sees tools like Play It Fair! as instrumental in creating a society where acceptance of diversity and human rights are normalized.
"In the end, we want to have a respectful community that's really accepting of everyone, where people value everybody for who they are just naturally. It's where we all want and need to be," he says.
Both Higashio and Gunad hope that Play It Fair!'s influence will continue to grow and that it will one day be implemented at a curriculum level across Canada.
For more information, please
visit www.equitas.org.
Cultural Spotlight – Of broken friendships and reunions
Christougenna, a month-long Christmas season
Ndidi Cascade & the Black artistic expressions of B.C.
← Town Choir: translating text messages to song
Questioning boxes, borders and invisible lines →

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Image Title: Platform Twin Bed Frame Wayfair With Decor 4. Post Title: Platform Twin Bed. Filename: platform-twin-bed-frame-wayfair-with-decor-4.jpg. Image Dimension: 310 x 310 pixels. Images Format: jpg/jpeg. Publisher/Author: Donnie Tromp. Uploaded Date: Saturday - January 05th. 2019 09:11:07 AM. Category: Architecture. Image Source: homedsgn.com. Legend Twin XL Platform Bed Amisco Free Shipping 888 717 7908 Inside Remodel 18. Ana White Fillman Platform Twin Bed DIY Projects Inside Designs 10. DIY Platform Twin Bed Frame Beds Best Within Ideas 12. Alton Cherry Twin Platform Bed Living Spaces With Prepare 3. Amazon Com South Shore Savannah Collection Twin Bed Pure White With Platform Inspirations 6. Amazon Com Black Twin Mate S Platform Storage Bed With 3 Drawers Regard To Remodel 1. Twin Platform Bed With Trundle Ideas On Foter Regarding Designs 9. Twin Size Mates Platform Bed In White Maple With 2 Storage Drawers Plans 16. Babyletto Sprout Platform Twin Bed The Kangaroo Pouch Intended For Plans 19. Quickship Ducduc Alex Symmetric Platform Twin Bed Trundle Zac Inside Plan 5.


This update comes a bit late, as I have lost track of the planets for a while, but the end of March has the best display of the planet Venus and the elusive planet Mercury, together with a beautiful crescent moon, in a long time. look west, toward the sunset point, starting around 6:00PM between March 20-25 to see bright, beautiful Venus in the western sky, just below a waxing crescent moon. Just to the right and a bit above Venus is much dimmer Mercury. It will be harder to see as the sky is still bright from the setting sun, and it is nowhere near as bright as Venus, but it is visible as the sky gets darker with the naked eye. Binoculars will show Mercury easily in the same field of view as Venus. Be sure to catch this beautiful tableau at the end of March. By March 25 Venus and Mercury will be farther apart and Mercury will be more difficult to see, but Venus will remain a shining beacon in the western sky a sunset, worth looking for throughout Spring.
Because Mercury is never far from the sun it is always hard to spot so any occassion where it appears high in a relatively dark sky is an opportunity to see our elusive closest planet to the sun. And remember, Mercury is so elusive that Copernicus himself was rumored to never have observed it with his own eyes. So, go out at sunset, look west, and enjoy the spectacle of our nearest planets, Mercury and Venus, in the sky close to our nearest celestial body, the earth's own moon!
Venus, elusive Mercury, and the new moon in the western sky at sunset. Don't miss the spectacle March 20-25, 2018!
Mercury has now moved to the lower right of Venus, no longer above it. Hold your hand out at arm's length and put up three fingers. Mercury now lies three fingers to the right of Venus and just below it in the sky. I was not able to see it with my naked eye from a light polluted park in Mitzpe Ramon, but it should be quite evident with almost any pair of binoculars. once you've identified its location in binoculars you can make it out as a pin prick of light, even in heavy light pollution. Good luck!


Below: a set of social-media friendly infographics related to English language learners, ESL teachers, and the American school system, created when I worked at Speak Agent, Inc. The goal was to increase the start-up's visibility in the edtech space, and establish the company as a thought leader.
Each Pinterest-optimized poster was also translated into separate infographics optimized for Twitter's timeline. Most of the illustrations are from an extensive word symbol library created by Lora Lee for the learners' platform.
• Research to collect statistics and data.
• Optimizing for Pinterest and Twitter sharing.
• Significant boost to Speak Agent's visibility and customer engagement.
Snapshots of English language learners in the United States.
Snapshots of ELLs in school systems.
The challenges teachers face in teaching ELLs.
Snapshots of ELLs in charter schools.
Set of infographics about English language learners for Pinterest and Twitter.


"The thrill is in the journey."
Profile: No mountain is high enough, no river is wide enough to stop this one-robot wrecking crew. The more difficult the terrain to be traversed, the more Topspin likes it. Without the constraints of an Earth vehicular disguise like the ones most of his fellow Autobots have been given by the Ark, he can use the superior mobility and versatility of his Cybertronic vehicular form to go almost anywhere on land or water. On a personal level, he considers his conquest of a steep precipice or a raging river as much a victory as any victory over the Decepticons that may result from an Autobot attack. As Topspin likes to point out, "I take pride in my work."
Abilities: In vehicle mode, Topspin is propelled by two rear-mounted jet engines, which can accelerate him to speeds of 300 mph on a flat surface. He also is equipped with two pontoons projecting from his front, which allow him to travel up to 80 mph on water, like a hydrofoil. Using two side-mounted high-voltage electric blasters, two small hand-mounted lasers, and a powerful particle beam rifle, Topspin can release a near-unrelenting barrage of devastating force. Like his brother, Twin Twist, he can spring from his vehicle mode into his robot mode in less than half a second. His weaponry is available to him in either mode.
Weaknesses: His preoccupation with personal glory often distracts Topspin from more threatening situations, such as a Decepticon attack. The high fuel demands of his jet engines and weaponry leave him more vulnerable to exhausting his energy supplies than most other Autobots.
No mountain high enough, no river wide enough to stop this one robot wrecking crew. Has superior mobility due to his Cybertronic vehicular form. Views conquest of rough terrain as much a victory as beating Decepticons. Uses 2 rear jet engines to go 300mph... goes 80mph on water with 2 front pontoons... has 2 hi-voltage electric cannons and 2 hand lasers built in... carries a powerful twin ion impulse blaster.
**Topspin was the first Autobot I got as kid that wasn't a Mini-bot. With that being the case, he was the Autobot leader when I played with them until I was able to acquire some of the bigger ones. He holds some personal significance for that fact alone. He was really cool, and despite the fact he has the complication factor of a brick, I do think he is very cool looking in robot mode.
As anyone who has shopped on Ebay for Transformers knows, Jumpstarters can not be given away on the site. So besides the one I had as A kid, I have picked up two more. I have one that is mint and complete with his box, instructions and weapon, the Particle Beam Rifle. I also picked up another one before that just for its box, even though it was a bit worn. I did buy a set of labels from Repro-labels, and took apart my original and cleaned it so that I could make it look nice again. Unfortunately, I bought the labels before they offered them precut, and I have been reluctant to break out the cutting tools and ruin the sheet. I need to do that soon though.


text:
Concise CommunicationAIDS/HIVInfectious disease Free access | 10.1172/JCI125810
Mechanisms of reactivation of latent tuberculosis infection due to SIV coinfection
Allison N. Bucşan,1 Ayan Chatterjee,2 Dhiraj K. Singh,2 Taylor W. Foreman,1 Tae-Hyung Lee,2 Breanna Threeton,1 Melanie G. Kirkpatrick,1 Mushtaq Ahmed,3 Nadia Golden,1 Xavier Alvarez,1 James A. Hoxie,4 Smriti Mehra,1 Jyothi Rengarajan,5,6 Shabaana A. Khader,3 and Deepak Kaushal1,2
1Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, Louisiana, USA.
2Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas, USA.
3Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
4Hematology-Oncology Division, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
5Emory Vaccine Center and
6Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Address correspondence to: Deepak Kaushal, Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, 8715 West Military Drive, San Antonio, Texas 78227, USA. Phone: 210.258.9209; Email: dkaushal@txbiomed.org. Or to: Shabaana A. Khader, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA. Phone: 314.286.1590; Email: sakhader@wustl.edu.
Find articles by Bucşan, A. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar |
Find articles by Chatterjee, A. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar
Find articles by Singh, D. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar
Find articles by Foreman, T. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar
Find articles by Lee, T. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar
Find articles by Threeton, B. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar
Find articles by Kirkpatrick, M. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar
Find articles by Ahmed, M. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar
Find articles by Golden, N. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar
Find articles by Alvarez, X. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar |
Find articles by Hoxie, J. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar
Find articles by Mehra, S. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar
Find articles by Rengarajan, J. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar
Find articles by Khader, S. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar |
Find articles by Kaushal, D. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar |
First published September 3, 2019 - More info
Published in Volume 129, Issue 12 on December 2, 2019
J Clin Invest. 2019;129(12):5254–5260. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI125810.
First published September 3, 2019 - Version history
Received: February 19, 2019; Accepted: August 29, 2019
HIV is a major driver of tuberculosis (TB) reactivation. Depletion of CD4+ T cells is assumed to be the basis behind TB reactivation in individuals with latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) coinfected with HIV. Nonhuman primates (NHPs) coinfected with a mutant simian immunodeficiency virus (SIVΔGY) that does not cause depletion of tissue CD4+ T cells during infection failed to reactivate TB. To investigate the contribution of CD4+ T cell depletion relative to other mechanisms of SIV-induced reactivation of LTBI, we used CD4R1 antibody to deplete CD4+ T cells in animals with LTBI without lentiviral infection. The mere depletion of CD4+ T cells during LTBI was insufficient in generating reactivation of LTBI. Instead, direct cytopathic effects of SIV resulting in chronic immune activation, along with the altered effector T cell phenotypes and dysregulated T cell homeostasis, were likely mediators of reactivation of LTBI. These results revealed important implications for TB control in HIV-coinfected individuals.
Tuberculosis (TB) and HIV coinfection are a global syndemic (1). Approximately 90% of HIV-negative Mycobacterium tuberculosis–infected (Mtb-infected) individuals lack clinical signs of TB and are considered to have latent TB infection (LTBI) (1, 2). Although the immune systems of exposed individuals successfully contain Mtb infection in most cases, bacteria can persist within lung granulomas for long periods before reactivating to TB disease (3, 4). We seek to understand the mechanisms by which HIV coinfection reactivates TB using the Mtb/SIV coinfection model in rhesus macaques.
CD4+ T cell depletion is a hallmark of HIV and SIV infection, and is widely regarded as the primary cause of immunodeficiency. Previously, we identified Mtb/SIV-coinfected primates that did not progress to TB despite productive coinfection, raising the possibility of CD4+ T cell–independent mechanisms of LTBI control (5). To investigate the contribution of CD4+ T cell depletion relative to other mechanisms of SIV-induced reactivation of LTBI, we used antibodies to deplete CD4+ T cells and compared the outcomes to coinfection with pathogenic SIV and the mutant virus, SIVΔGY. Coinfection of Mtb with pathogenic SIV, but without mutant or antibody-mediated CD4+ T cell depletion, resulted in reactivation.
To assess the role of lung CD4+ T cells in protecting against reactivation of LTBI, 39 Indian rhesus macaques were exposed to low-dose aerosol Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection to establish TB latency (Figure 1A and Supplemental Table 1; supplemental material available online with this article; https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI125810DS1). At week 9 after TB infection, a subset of 16 macaques experiencing asymptomatic LTBI were coinfected with pathogenic SIVmac239. These animals exhibited 2 distinct outcomes: 9 animals developed signs of reactivated TB (reactivators) while 7 retained Mtb latency despite productive SIV infection and peripheral blood viremia (nonreactivators) (5). To investigate the role of CD4+ T cells in our low-dose aerosol model, we coinfected 6 macaques with a novel variant of pathogenic SIVmac29 molecular clone, SIVmac239ΔGY (SIVΔGY) (6), in which a deletion of 2 amino acids from a trafficking motif in the envelope gp41 cytoplasmic domain leads to viral replication, but does not deplete CD4+ T cells in the periphery or in the lamina propria (ref. 7 and Supplemental Table 1). In addition, we used antibody-mediated depletion of CD4+ T cells in 8 macaques with LTBI using CD4R1, which was administered every 2 weeks starting at week 9 after Mtb infection (Figure 1A and Supplemental Table 1).
Comparison of CD4+ T cell–sparing SIVmac239ΔGY and antibody-mediated CD4+ T cell depletion using CD4R1 in Mtb-infected NHPs. (A) Study outline. (B) Serum CRP levels at necropsy. (C) Percentage of temperature increase (°C) and (D) percentage of weight loss (kg) compared with baseline. (E) Ratio of neutrophils to lymphocytes in clinical blood. Bacterial burden at necropsy measured in (F) BAL, (G) lung, and (H) bronchial lymph nodes. (I) CXR scores established by veterinary clinicians for pneumonia. (J) Percentage of lung involvement determined by board-certified veterinary pathologists. (K) Peak plasma viral loads (PVLs) measured at peak. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001; ****P < 0.0001, 1-way ANOVA with Tukey's multiple testing correction. C–E represent mean, and B and F–J represent mean ± SEM.
Importantly, SIVΔGY-coinfected and CD4R1-administered macaques retained control of TB similar to nonreactivators. Specifically, only 1 of 8 CD4R1-administered nonhuman primates (NHPs) displayed symptomatology consistent with reactivated TB that necessitated a humane necropsy (Figure 1). SIVΔGY-coinfected and CD4R1-administered macaques showed normal serum C-reactive protein (CRP) levels over time (Supplemental Figure 1A) and at endpoint (Figure 1B), comparable to LTBI and nonreactivators and statistically different from reactivators. These animals maintained relatively normal body temperatures (Figure 1C) and weights (Figure 1D). Reactivators, unlike all other groups, had a lower ratio of neutrophils/lymphocytes after SIV coinfection at week 9 (Figure 1E). SIVΔGY-coinfected and CD4R1-administered NHPs had lower numbers of viable Mtb in their bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid throughout infection (Supplemental Figure 1B), and significantly lower viable Mtb in their BAL at endpoint (Figure 1F). Similarly, both experimental groups harbored low lung (Figure 1G), bronchial lymph node (Figure 1H), spleen (Supplemental Figure 1C), liver (Supplemental Figure 1D), and kidney (Supplemental Figure 1E) bacterial burdens, comparable to the LTBI and nonreactivators. Both experimental groups possessed significantly lower viable Mtb in all tissues at necropsy compared with reactivators. Finally, virtually no tuberculous lung pathology was observed in SIVΔGY-coinfected NHPs, demonstrating that coinfection with this virus failed to reactivate LTBI (Figure 1, I and J). One of 8 CD4R1-administered NHPs with LTBI did reactivate, displaying an elevated CRP at necropsy (Figure 1B) and chest x-ray (CXR) score (Figure 1I). Measurement of peripheral viremia in coinfected animals suggested that SIVΔGY replicated to comparable levels in the acute phase and established similar set points (Figure 1K). Although significantly lower peripheral viremia was observed at peak in our SIVΔGY-coinfected NHPs compared with SIVmac239-coinfected reactivators and nonreactivators, this is not unexpected as rhesus macaques infected with SIVΔGY often have variable viremia (8, 9).
NHPs with LTBI/SIVΔGY coinfection did not exhibit a significant decline in CD4+ T cell levels in peripheral blood (Figure 2A and Supplemental Figure 2, A and C) or BAL (Figure 2B and Supplemental Figure 2, B and D). This was in stark contrast to animals infected with pathogenic SIV (Figure 2, A and B), consistent with previous results (5, 10). Although a significant reduction in CD4+ T cells was observed in the lungs (Figure 2C) of SIVΔGY-coinfected NHPs, an insignificant reduction was observed in the total CD4+ T cell compartment (Supplemental Figure 2E). Previously, SIVΔGY had been shown to replicate in the plasma and lymphoid tissues, but to spare gut mucosal tissues (7, 8). To our knowledge, this was a first-time evaluation of lung CD4+ T cell populations in SIVΔGY-infected NHPs, so this was a novel finding. There may be sufficient lymphoid tissue in the lungs that SIVΔGY was able to replicate nearby, perhaps in inducible bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (iBALT) (5), which led to CD4+ T cell depletion during SIVΔGY coinfection. Significant depletion of CD4+ T cells was observed in the peripheral blood (Figure 2D), BAL (Figure 2E), and lungs (Figure 2F) of CD4R1-administered NHPs, relative to LTBI NHPs. The levels of CD4+ T cell depletion were comparable to SIVmac239-infected animals and the differences in CD4+ T cell populations between NHPs administered CD4R1 and NHPs coinfected with SIVmac239 were not significant in the BAL or lungs (Figure 2, E and F), regardless of their TB outcome. This result was confirmed by multilabel confocal immunofluorescence microscopy (Figure 2, G–K). Thus, our results show that coinfection of macaques with LTBI with a nonpathogenic virus that fails to deplete CD4+ T cells (SIVΔGY) and depletion of CD4+ T cells using antibodies does not result in similar rates of TB reactivation observed upon coinfection with pathogenic SIVmac239.
CD4+ T cells are preserved in Mtb/SIVΔGY coinfection and ablated in Mtb/CD4R1 administration. CD4+ T cell quantification at necropsy SIVΔGY coinfection in (A) peripheral blood, (B) BAL, and (C) lungs. CD4+ T cell quantification in (D) peripheral blood, (E) BAL, and (F) lungs during CD4R1 administration (n = 8, red). *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001; ****P < 0.0001, 1-way ANOVA with Tukey's multiple testing correction. Confocal images of CD4+ cells (red) and nuclei (gray) in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue (FFPE) from (G) CD4R1-administered, (H) SIVΔGY-coinfected, and (I) SIVmac239 coinfected nonreactivator, and (J) reactivator NHPs. (K) Quantification of CD4+ cells per nuclei stained in 9 lung sections from a single slide, 1 animal per group. Data represent mean ± SEM.
As early as week 2 after SIV challenge or CD4R1 administration, NHPs displayed significant changes in the distribution of their residual CD4+ T cells. Mtb infection alone can impact the distribution of effector and memory cells, and memory CD4+ T cells are associated with protection (11–13). We compared 4 experimental groups of NHPs: our SIVmac239-coinfection reactivators and nonreactivators, SIVΔGY-coinfected, and CD4R1-administered NHPs. Although CD4+ T cells were massively depleted in both experimental groups of NHPs, it was vital to understand the contribution of the remaining CD4+ T cells to the host's immune defenses. Coinfection with SIVmac239 resulted in a significant reduction of memory (CD95+CD28+) CD4+ T cells, which were replaced by naive (CD95–CD28+), not effector (CD95+CD28–), CD4+ T cells (Figure 3A). Most remaining CD4+ T cells in the blood of SIV-coinfected animals were naive, consistent with findings in human studies that Mtb/HIV-coinfected patients harbor less differentiated CD4+ memory T cells compared with TB-only patients (14). HIV infection can lead to an activated and exhausted memory CD4+ T cell phenotype (15), which likely contributes to the more significant loss of memory CD4+ T cells. Compared with animals with LTBI, CD4R1-administered NHPs exhibited significantly higher frequencies of effector and reduced naive and memory CD4+ T cells in the peripheral blood (Figure 3A). In the peripheral blood, CD8+ T cells did not differ between groups (Figure 3B). In the BAL, changes were observed only in the CD4+ (Figure 3C) and not the CD8+ T cell compartment (Figure 3D). Memory CD4+ T cells were replaced by naive cells upon SIV coinfection in the BAL (Figure 3C). Interestingly, the distribution of BAL CD4+ T cells following CD4+ T cell depletion by SIVmac239 coinfection did not significantly differ from the distributions observed during LTBI, indicating that the virus affected all compartments equally within the BAL. BAL effector CD4+ T cell populations were significantly increased in CD4R1-administered NHPs compared with both LTBI and SIVmac239-coinfected NHPs, whereas memory CD4+ T cell populations were significantly reduced (Figure 3C). Throughout CD4R1 administration, CD4+ T cells in the BAL reflected a bias toward effector (Figure 3E) rather than memory (Figure 3F) populations. Greater proportions of effector T cells in the lungs of CD4R1-administered, versus SIV-coinfected, NHPs strongly suggest that early pathogenic events associated with SIV coinfection suppress the natural homeostatically driven CD4+ T cell proliferation and downstream effector T cell functions. As these differences were unique to the BAL and not the lung tissue (Supplemental Figure 3, A and B), they suggest that T cells in the lung, and not circulating BAL cells, are capable of retaining their typical functions.
Peripheral and BAL CD4+ T cells reflect a proportional shift toward effector profile during CD4R1 administration. The proportions of residual effector (CD95+CD28–, circles), memory (CD95+CD28+, squares), and naive (CD95–CD28+, triangles) (A) CD4+ and (B) CD8+ T cells in the peripheral blood and (C) CD4+ and (D) CD8+ T cells in the BAL of SIVmac239-coinfected (n = 15, black) and CD4R1-administered NHPs (n = 8, red) compared with LTBI NHPs (n = 10, blue) at week 11 after TB. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001; ****P < 0.0001, 2-way ANOVA with Tukey's multiple testing correction. BAL (E) effector and (F) memory CD4+ cells quantification every 4 weeks starting at week 7 after TB. Coinfection and antibody administration shown by the dotted line. (G) qRT-PCR analysis of IL-2, IL-12B, and IL-17A collected from BAL cells at week 11 and week 15 after TB from SIV reactivators (n = 3, yellow) and CD4R1-administered NHPs (n = 3, red). *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001; ****P < 0.0001, multiple t tests with Holm-Sidak method for multiple comparison correction. Data represent mean ± SEM.
Gene-expression analyses in the BAL from SIV-coinfected versus CD4R1-administered NHPs confirmed our assertion that CD4+ T cell maturation states differed in these 2 groups. Real-time RT-PCR analysis revealed that at week 11 and 15 after Mtb, NHPs administered CD4R1 had significantly higher levels of transcripts involved in T cell activation, differentiation, and function (e.g., IL-2, key signal for Th1 differentiation; IL-12B, important for sustaining memory/effector Th1 responses against Mtb; and IL-17A, expressed on Th17+ cells) compared with SIV reactivators (Figure 3G). These cytokines indicate that although CD4R1 depleted the CD4+ T cell compartment, it did not inhibit T cell maturation and signaling. On the contrary, SIV coinfection inhibited T cell maturation and signaling.
Gene-enrichment analyses on lung transcriptome confirmed that SIV coinfected reactivators experienced chronic immune activation and a cytokine storm. CD4+ T cell homeostasis was enhanced in CD4R1-administered NHPs and unperturbed during SIV coinfection. The gene terms "immunoglobulin/major histocompatibility complex (MHC)," "MHC class I/class II antigen recognition protein," etc., were significantly enriched only in CD4R1-administered NHPs (Figure 4A and Supplemental Table 2, InterPro). Several categories encoding proteins interacting with RAS (Figure 4A), involved in cell signaling pathways that control cell growth and cell death, were only significantly enriched in CD4R1-administered NHPs. This underscores that normal immune homeostasis is observed in CD4R1-administered NHPs, despite severe lymphopenia. Categories such as "inflammatory response," "innate immunity," and "endoplasmic reticulum" were only enriched in SIV reactivators, suggesting chronic immune activation and an ensuing cytokine storm in that group (Figure 4B). Unsurprisingly, SIV reactivators were characterized by the enrichment of gene categories corresponding to chronic immune activation and inflammation, including "TNF-signaling" and "Fc-gamma receptor mediated phagocytosis" (Figure 4C). Reactivator lungs substantially expressed high levels of genes involved in proinflammatory cytokine/chemokine signaling (CXCL12, IL6), myeloid cell/phagocyte/complement/innate immune signaling (CD68, CFH, C1S, TXNDC11), matrix degradation critical for granuloma formation (IGFBP7), and antigen presentation (HLAB) (Supplemental Table 2). Genes belonging to the pathway "regulation of lymphocyte differentiation," including NDFIP1, FAS, and RNF41, were induced in lungs of reactivators. The genes only expressed in nonreactivators' lungs included those involved in the restoration of normal lung and cytoskeletal function (WWOX, TRIOBP, PEAK3), B cell function (SPANXA1) (16), repair of acute tissue injury (MYLK2) (17), inhibition of cytokine storm (TIP39, SLC8A2) (18), viral restriction (APOBEC3) (19), induction of apoptosis (IFT57), and induction of robust cellular immune responses (CLECB15/KLRG2, BTN2A3, TSPEAR, MRAP).
Immunological analyses of Mtb/SIV-coinfected and CD4R1-administered NHPs reveal reactivation-associated immune impairment. Transcriptomic results generated for necropsy lung tissue (n = 3 per group) using (A) InterPro, (B) DAVID Enriched Categories, and (C) KEGG Enriched Pathways. (D) qRT-PCR analysis of TNF-α, IL-1α, IL-1β, and IL-6 from necropsy lung cells of SIV reactivators (n = 3, yellow) and CD4R1-administered NHPs (n = 3, red). (E) The concentration of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 measured in the necropsy BAL supernatant of SIV reactivators (n = 3, yellow) and CD4R1-administered NHPs (n = 5, red). (F) T cell expression of HLA-DR in necropsy lung and coexpression of migratory (CCR5 and CCR7), activation (CD69), and apoptotic (PD-1) markers measured in the (G) HLA-DR+ and (H) HLA-DR– T cell population. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001; ****P < 0.0001. Unpaired, 2-tailed t test used for F, and multiple, unpaired t tests used for G and H. Data represent mean ± SEM.
Real-time RT-PCR and multiplex cytokine analysis strongly confirmed genome-wide transcriptome results. Cytokines associated with inflammation, including TNF-α, IL1-α, IL-1β, and IL-6, were highly induced in the lungs of SIV-coinfected reactivators compared with CD4R1-administered NHPs (Figure 4D). Multiplex analysis supported this trend, showing that in the BAL supernatant at necropsy, TNF-α, IL1-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 proteins were more abundant in SIV-coinfected reactivators (Figure 4E). Significantly increased IFN-γ was detected in the plasma (Supplemental Figure 4A) and BAL (Supplemental Figure 4B) of reactivators compared with other groups. Other markers of increased cell signaling and migration associated with inflammatory responses were significantly increased in the plasma (CXCL9; Supplemental Figure 4C) or BAL (CXCL13 [Supplemental Figure 4D], eotaxin [Supplemental Figure 4E], I-TAC [Supplemental Figure 4F], and IL-6 [Supplemental Figure 4G]) of reactivators. SIVΔGY-coinfected NHPs had significantly increased IL-8 and MIP1-β in the plasma (Supplemental Figure 4, H and I) compared with all other groups, and LTBI NHPs had significantly increased eotaxin in the plasma (Supplemental Figure 4J) and SDF-1α in BAL (Supplemental Figure 4K).
Chronic immune activation in SIV-coinfected animals was supported by immunophenotyping. T cells in the lungs of reactivators had a significantly more activated phenotype (HLA-DR+) compared with those from NHPs that received CD4R1 (Figure 4F). HLA-DR+ (Figure 4G) and HLA-DR– (Figure 4H) T cells in reactivators exhibited significantly higher CCR5 (recruitment) and CD69 (early activation) markers compared with CD4R1 administration. This suggests higher recruitment and entrapment of activated lymphocytes at the primary site of infection in reactivators. CCR5-associated recruitment to the immune synapse induces stronger T cell–APC attraction, which results in reduced T cell responsiveness to chemokines (20). This response is typically followed by increased T cell proliferation and upregulated effector responses (20, 21), which was observed through increased CD69 expression by SIV reactivators. Furthermore, CCR7+ T cell populations were significantly reduced in reactivators compared with CD4R1-administered NHPs (Figure 4, G and H), suggesting that migration to secondary lymph nodes was impaired in T cells from the lungs of reactivators (22). Significantly reduced PD-1 expression in reactivators compared with CD4R1-administered NHPs indicated that HLA-DR+ (Figure 4G), but not HLA-DR– (Figure 4H), T cells in reactivators were subject to regulation, strongly supporting a pattern of chronic immune activation in reactivators. As this pattern was also observed in the CD8+ T cell compartment (Supplemental Figure 5, A–C), SIV-mediated CD4+ T cell depletion is likely not the sole cause of immune imbalance leading to chronic activation, as T cell recruitment, activation, and homeostatic regulation was maintained in NHPs with antibody-mediated CD4+ T cell depletion. As can be seen in the reactivators with reduced PD-1 expression, some of these inhibitory responses are not being maintained, thus allowing increased immune activation and the cytokine storm seen in our transcriptomics data to occur.
Although it is known that the functions of mycobacterial-specific CD4+ T cells are impaired during HIV infection, the immunological mechanisms underlying how CD4+ T cells contribute to maintaining immune control during LTBI and how HIV perturbs this control are not understood (23). Not all NHPs with LTBI/SIV coinfection exhibit reactivation despite comparable CD4+ T cell depletion (5), indicating that CD4+ T cell–independent mechanisms exist for the maintenance of LTBI control. Coinfection of animals with SIVΔGY showed that CD4+ T cells are important for preventing reactivation during Mtb/SIV. However, the mere depletion of CD4+ T cells is insufficient for reactivation of LTBI, since only 1 of 8 CD4R1-administered NHPs developed overt TB disease. The key difference in the lungs of primates where lung CD4+ T cells were depleted by antibody or by pathogenic SIV was that the signatures of chronic immune activation and blockade of normal lymphocytic homeostasis were detected in the lungs of only reactivators.
Our results show that lung-specific chronic immune activation may be important for SIV-mediated (and perhaps HIV-mediated) reactivation of LTBI. Since CD4R1 administration resulted in greater depletion of memory CD4+ T cells and preservation of effector CD4+ T cells, it is possible that this homeostasis drives the lack of reactivation in these NHPs. It is further acknowledged that the lack of chronic immune activation may be a byproduct of the corresponding lack of reactivation. Importantly, it appears that SIV pathogenicity drives mechanisms such as chronic immune activation that disturb the normal homeostasis of the effector CD4+ population. Understanding how SIV and chronic immune activation impact immunity to TB could lead to the development of new treatment paradigms aimed at the cure of Mtb/HIV coinfection.
Study approval. All procedures were approved by the Tulane National Primate Research Center Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee and Tulane Institutional Biosafety Committee.
ANB, SAK, and DK designed the study. ANB, AC, TWF, XA, BT, MGK, and NG performed experiments. ANB, AC, TWF, XA, DKS, THL, SAK, and DK analyzed results. JAH, JR, SM, and MA interpreted results and provided vital reagents. ANB, JR, SM, MA, SAK, and DK prepared the manuscript.
This research was funded by NIH award AI111914 to DK and SAK, with additional support from awards AI134240, AI123047, AI123780, AI111943, OD011104, and OD011133. CD4R1 antibody provided by NHP Reagent Resource, Boston, MA, USA. Complete transcriptomics raw data can be retrieved from the Gene Expression Omnibus database (accession number GPL10183).
Reference information: J Clin Invest. 2019;129(12):5254–5260.https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI125810.
WHO. Global tuberculosis report 2017. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO Press; 2017.
Kwan CK, Ernst JD. HIV and tuberculosis: a deadly human syndemic. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2011;24(2):351–376.
Lillebaek T, Dirksen A, Baess I, Strunge B, Thomsen VØ, Andersen AB. Molecular evidence of endogenous reactivation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis after 33 years of latent infection. J Infect Dis. 2002;185(3):401–404.
Lillebaek T, Dirksen A, Vynnycky E, Baess I, Thomsen VØ, Andersen AB. Stability of DNA patterns and evidence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis reactivation occurring decades after the initial infection. J Infect Dis. 2003;188(7):1032–1039.
Foreman TW, et al. CD4+ T-cell-independent mechanisms suppress reactivation of latent tuberculosis in a macaque model of HIV coinfection. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2016;113(38):E5636–E5644.
Breed MW, et al. A single amino acid mutation in the envelope cytoplasmic tail restores the ability of an attenuated simian immunodeficiency virus mutant to deplete mucosal CD4+ T cells. J Virol. 2013;87(23):13048–13052.
Breed MW, et al. Loss of a tyrosine-dependent trafficking motif in the simian immunodeficiency virus envelope cytoplasmic tail spares mucosal CD4 cells but does not prevent disease progression. J Virol. 2013;87(3):1528–1543.
Breed MW, et al. Elite control, gut CD4 T cell sparing, and enhanced mucosal T cell responses in Macaca nemestrina infected by a simian immunodeficiency virus lacking a gp41 trafficking motif. J Virol. 2015;89(20):10156–10175.
Fultz PN, et al. In vivo attenuation of simian immunodeficiency virus by disruption of a tyrosine-dependent sorting signal in the envelope glycoprotein cytoplasmic tail. J Virol. 2001;75(1):278–291.
Sestak K, Conroy L, Aye PP, Mehra S, Doxiadis GG, Kaushal D. Improved xenobiotic metabolism and reduced susceptibility to cancer in gluten-sensitive macaques upon introduction of a gluten-free diet. PLoS ONE. 2011;6(4):e18648.
Rozot V, et al. Mycobacterium tuberculosis-specific CD8+ T cells are functionally and phenotypically different between latent infection and active disease. Eur J Immunol. 2013;43(6):1568–1577.
Walzl G, Ronacher K, Hanekom W, Scriba TJ, Zumla A. Immunological biomarkers of tuberculosis. Nat Rev Immunol. 2011;11(5):343–354.
Geginat J, Sallusto F, Lanzavecchia A. Cytokine-driven proliferation and differentiation of human naive, central memory, and effector memory CD4(+) T cells. J Exp Med. 2001;194(12):1711–1719.
Matthews K, et al. HIV-1 infection alters CD4+ memory T-cell phenotype at the site of disease in extrapulmonary tuberculosis. Eur J Immunol. 2012;42(1):147–157.
Nakayama K, et al. Imbalanced production of cytokines by T cells associates with the activation/exhaustion status of memory T cells in chronic HIV type 1 infection. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 2012;28(7):702–714.
Wang Z, Zhang Y, Liu H, Salati E, Chiriva-Internati M, Lim SH. Gene expression and immunologic consequence of SPAN-Xb in myeloma and other hematologic malignancies. Blood. 2003;101(3):955–960.
Christie JD, et al. Variation in the myosin light chain kinase gene is associated with development of acute lung injury after major trauma. Crit Care Med. 2008;36(10):2794–2800.
Agarwal N, Lamichhane G, Gupta R, Nolan S, Bishai WR. Cyclic AMP intoxication of macrophages by a Mycobacterium tuberculosis adenylate cyclase. Nature. 2009;460(7251):98–102.
Hultquist JF, et al. Human and rhesus APOBEC3D, APOBEC3F, APOBEC3G, and APOBEC3H demonstrate a conserved capacity to restrict Vif-deficient HIV-1. J Virol. 2011;85(21):11220–11234.
Contento RL, et al. CXCR4-CCR5: a couple modulating T cell functions. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2008;105(29):10101–10106.
Molon B, et al. T cell costimulation by chemokine receptors. Nat Immunol. 2005;6(5):465–471.
Kahnert A, Höpken UE, Stein M, Bandermann S, Lipp M, Kaufmann SH. Mycobacterium tuberculosis triggers formation of lymphoid structure in murine lungs. J Infect Dis. 2007;195(1):46–54.
Kalsdorf B, et al. HIV-1 infection impairs the bronchoalveolar T-cell response to mycobacteria. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2009;180(12):1262–1270.
Version 1 (September 3, 2019): In-Press Preview
Version 2 (October 28, 2019): Electronic publication
Version 3 (December 2, 2019): Print issue publication


text:
Patriots Place Five Players On PUP
July 21st, 2022 at 6:53pm CST by Ben Levine
The Patriots placed a long list of players on the physically unable to perform list today. Per ESPN's Mike Reiss on Twitter, New England placed center David Andrews, cornerback Jonathan Jones, linebacker Raekwon McMillan, safety Jabrill Peppers, and running back James White on PUP. The players are able to return to practice at any time, but they'll be watching from the sideline until they're officially activated.
Jones is still rehabbing a shoulder injury that limited him to only six games in 2021, while Andrews is recovering from his own shoulder surgery. White was limited to only three games last season thanks to a hip issue, and it sounds like the injury is lingering into this year's training camp. Peppers and McMillan are both returning from ACL injuries.
White is one of the most veteran players on the Patriots roster, and in an ideal world, the running back would serve as a pass-catching safety blanket for Mac Jones. Between the 2016 and 2019 campaign, White averaged 68.8 catches and 950 yards from scrimmage per season. Now 30, this injury could spell the beginning of the end for White, and with Damien Harris and Rhamondre Stevenson requiring carries (plus rookie fourth-round pick Pierre Strong Jr.), it's hard to really see a role for White even if he's healthy.
Andrews is also one of the longest-tenured Patriots players, having appeared in 89 games across seven seasons with the organization (including a 2019 campaign that he missed due to a pulmonary embolism). Despite the 2021 season being Andrews' age-30 season, he still proved he was one of the best centers in the NFL, with Pro Football Focus ranking him fifth among 39 eligible centers.
McMillan joined the Patriots last offseason, but he tore his ACL in August and missed the entire season. Peppers, a former first-round pick, spent the past three seasons with the Giants. He collected 29 tackles and one sack in six games before suffering a torn ACL in October. Jones has spent his entire six-year career in New England, starting 27 games (including 21 starts between 2018 and 2020). He collected 20 tackles and three passes defended in six games last season.
Follow @PFRumors
David Andrews
Jabrill Peppers
Jonathan Jones
Raekwon McMillan
5 comments on "Patriots Place Five Players On PUP"
Stabby McShank • 6 months ago
Watching the Pats moss the post season this year will be glorious
LetGoOfMyLeg • 6 months ago
Bright Side • 6 months ago
Maybe he meant following the Patriots will be like watching moss grow?
thatsright • 6 months ago
I read "moss" as mossing the Super Bowl
OC Ben Johnson To Stay With Lions
NFC North Rumors: Bears, Bradbury, Lions


text:
work-at-home-on-your-computer.com
Which Culture Kisses On The Lips?
Who invented kissing on the lips?
What is French kissing called in France?
Why is lip kiss important?
What does a kiss on the lip mean?
Is it normal to kiss parents on the lips?
What is a friendly kiss?
Do French people kiss on the lips?
Which zodiac sign is dumbest?
Is it normal for a father to kiss his daughter on the lips?
What makes a bad kisser?
Which side should you kiss first?
How do you greet a kiss in France?
Do Best Friends hug?
Do best friends make good lovers?
Which country has the best kissers?
Which side do you kiss first in France?
Can a mom kiss her baby on the lips?
Do you lick your lips before a kiss?
What does it mean when a girl bites your lip while kissing?
Should you kiss the top or bottom lip?
Which zodiac is good in bed?
What is double kissing?
What cultures greet with a kiss on the lips?
Do you kiss your friends on the lips?
What age should Father stop showering with daughters?
Why you shouldn't kiss babies on the lips?
It was written in the 6th century A.D.
Anthropologists who believe that kissing is a learned behavior theorize that the Greeks learned about it when Alexander the Great invaded India in 326 B.C.
There aren't many records of kissing in the Western world until the days of the Roman Empire..
In France, it is referred to as un baiser amoureux ("a lover's kiss") or un baiser avec la langue ("a kiss with the tongue"), even if in past times it was also known as baiser Florentin ("Florentine kiss").
Kissing stimulates your salivary glands, which increases saliva production. Saliva lubricates your mouth, aids in swallowing, and helps keep food debris from sticking to your teeth, which can help prevent tooth decay and cavities.
Kiss on the lips: implies passion, may mean "I love you" or "I want to date you." If it is carried out very quickly, just barely touching one another's lips, it may mean simply friendship. … Kiss accompanied by an embrace: when both bodies are in close contact, this is an expression of strong affection and surrender.
It's cultural and family-based Khetarpal added that if you grew up kissing your parents on the lips this would be very normal for you, but if you didn't then it might seem unusual. For instance, it's very normal for adults and children to kiss on the lips and cheeks in European countries.
Cheek kissing is a ritual or social kissing gesture to indicate friendship, family relationship, perform a greeting, to confer congratulations, to comfort someone, to show respect. … In a cheek kiss, both persons lean forward and either lightly touch cheek with cheek or lip with cheek.
In France and other countries, however, the kiss is more common—not on the lips, but a symmetrical brush of the cheeks. The image is well known in world culture and is a part of everyday life in much of Europe, but the ritual can seem impenetrable to the uninitiated.
Because Pisces is the most suggestible of all the signs. What that means, Pisces, is that you are perceived as one of the dumbest signs of the zodiac, the "go-to schmuck" for gags, pranks and teases. You're the astrological wimp, the one we all know as "too sensitive" and "too emotional."
It's a beautiful display of affection that mirrors the strong family bond. As every parent knows, our kids don't stay kids for long. As long as a child is comfortable with kissing his or her mum and dad on the lips then I think it's perfectly fine.
You get too intense too quickly For the most part, you should start slow with kissing. If you're launching yourself at your partner, expecting an intense make-out session right away, you're probably going to be labeled a bad kisser, said sex expert Antonia Hall.
You can kiss as you say goodbye for the first time. Among women, with acquaintances and friends, two kisses is the way to go, and you kiss the right cheek first (in France, they kiss the left cheek first, so it pays to know which country you are in). Two kisses is a greeting.
In France, greeting your French friends can be a complicated matter for foreigners. Rather than shaking hands, waving hello or hugging, you lean forward, touch cheeks and kiss the air while making a kissing sound with your lips.
No matter what the case, as per me the answer is a resounding "YES". Its "absolutely normal" and healthy to give your friend a hug as long as your hands are not wandering places & feeling up the opposite person, thereby making them and those who witness the hug uncomfortable.
Having a strong friendship bond with your partner is the secret to having a long-lasting romantic relationship, scientists claim. Researchers found that lovers who are also close friends enjoy better sex, more love and greater commitment.
ItalyTourists put Italians on top However, Italy were recently crowned the undisputed master of passion, winning the title 'best kissers in the world.
In Paris, for example, you'll give two kisses placing the right cheek first, and then the left, whereas in the South of France, you'll see people use the opposite cheeks.
Most of the time, it's totally fine to kiss your baby on the lips—unless you're dealing with a few very specific health issues, says the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP). The big concern, they say, is the herpes simplex virus (HSV). … "I would never put anyone down for kissing their baby on the lips," she says.
It's about balance. You don't want your lips too wet and you don't want your lips too dry. If your lips aren't too dry, then there's no reason to lick your lips. … Just remember though, the only thing worse than kissing dry lips is kissing lips that are too wet.
What does it mean? The kiss along with a bite on the lip, according to experts in the subject, is one of the most erotic ones and usually indicates your partner is ready to have sex with you.
Aim for the middle. Top lip to top lip. … You can always start with a 'chaste' kiss on the lips. Mouth closed. … If she is keen for kisses her mouth will open and the tongue action should happen pretty naturally from there.Rookie mistake: too much tongue and saliva and face licking/sucking. Take it easy!
ScorpioScorpio is the most sexual of all the signs. For many people this makes them the zodiac sign which is the best lover. Others may feel manipulated or used for sex, as Scorpio sometimes will do.
Noun. (plural double kisses) (sports, billiards, snooker, pool) When the cue ball makes contact twice with the object ball. The second contact is not normally intentional.
One Kiss: Colombia, Argentina, Chile, Peru, the Philippines. Two Kisses: Spain, Italy, Greece, Germany, Hungary, Romania, Croatia, Bosnia, Brazil (though, like France, the number can differ by region), and some Middle Eastern countries (though not between opposite sexes)
Friends do many things to show affection to each other such as kissing on cheeks, forehead or hugging or other type of non sexual physical contact. As far as kissing on lips is to be considered, it shows a form of intimacy but if you two are comfortable with it then it is completely ok.
"The general rule of thumb is by the time children reach school age, around five years old, they shouldn't be showering with you," says Dr.
But research suggests kissing your baby on the lips can actually give them cavities. Finnish scientists warned just a peck, or a smooch, can spread harmful bacteria from parent to baby. Even sharing spoons can raise the risk of dental problems, as bacteria that causes cavities can be passed on in saliva.
Question: Why Are Both My IPhones Receiving The Same Calls?
Can you log into someones iMessages without them knowing?
Quick Answer: How Do You Do Square Brackets In Excel?
How do you put square brackets in Excel? Add Brackets
How Long Does A USPS Investigation Take?
How long does it take for USPS to resolve a claim?
How Do I Stream Music To My Old Stereo?
How do I connect external speakers to my iPhone?
Should Only Sons Take Care Of Their Parents?
Is it OK to disown your mother? If you are a teenager
Question: What Are The 12 Books Of History?
Can you find the 16 books of the Bible? There are 16
Does God Want Everyone To Repent?
Does God love everyone? Does God truly love all persons.
Quick Answer: Why Is Information Assurance Important?
What are the five pillars of information assurance?
Quick Answer: Does Driver Support Cost Money?
What is driver support and do I need it? Driver Support
Quick Answer: What Time Is LYFT The Cheapest?
How much is a 30 mile Lyft ride? Average Rates &
Question: What Country Has The Most 5g Towers?
Where is 5g in the US? Here are the select cities that
Quick Answer: Which Country Spend The Most On Healthcare?
What country has the best doctors? In such cases, we
What Does GT On Instagram Mean?
How fast can a Mustang GT 5.0 go? Ford Mustang GT Convertible
© 2021 work-at-home-on-your-computer.com


during early morning sunrise tours of the ruins. Most requests can be satisfied with a computer printout of your return information called a transcript. When you get divorced, theres lots of paperwork involved. You can also order tax return and account transcripts by calling and following the prompts in the recorded message, or by completing. Many drivers do can.you get a copy of.guatamalan papers not use their turn signals to alert other drivers. Taxi Amarillo Express (yellow taxis) is a radio-dispatch taxi service reached by dialing 1766. Road Conditions and Safety: Driving in Guatemala requires ones full attention, and all drivers must take extraordinary efforts to drive defensively to avoid dangerous situations. State laws vary regarding how long these records must be kept by attorneys, but if your case was handled by an attorney, this may be the easiest starting point for obtaining your decree. Most divorce information is public record, which means anybody can access. This includes your original divorce petition and all relevant court orders, like a property division order and a child support order. Learn More, where to Get a Free Copy of a Divorce Decree? Drivers use the right-hand side of the road in Guatemala, and speed limits are posted (in kilometers) depending on the condition of the road.
Your divorce begins with paperwork you or your spouse files a divorce petition and angela y davs thesis paper on death penality ends with paperwork when your final divorce order is filed with the court. Traffic Laws, getting Specific Divorce Documents, contact the attorney who handled your divorce to see if she has a copy of the decree. The InterAmerican Highway CA1 and the road from Guatemala City to the Caribbean coast CA9 are especially dangerous both day and night.
Taxi Seguro can be reached. It may contain information about child support payments. Alimony and division of property, driving outside of urban areas at night is paper dangerous and not recommended. If so, your divorce decree may be necessary to prove that you have a legal right test to a certain piece of property. However, a roadside assistance force provial patrols most of the major highways in the country.
Their vehicles are equipped with basic tools and first aid supplies, and their services are free.Further information may be found on the.
More: How to File for Uncontested Divorce in Wisconsin.Page Last Reviewed or Updated: 18-Jan-2018.
More: How to File for Divorce for Free in Florida.In some jurisdictions this process costs nothing, and in others, there is a small fee.


text:
"""Uploads the verace package to PyPI."""

##==============================================================#
## SECTION: Imports                                             #
##==============================================================#

import os
import subprocess
import sys

import qprompt

sys.path.append("..")
sys.dont_write_bytecode = True

from _Check_Versions import VERCHK
from _Install_Package import generate_readme, cleanup_readme

##==============================================================#
## SECTION: Main Body                                           #
##==============================================================#

if __name__ == '__main__':
    ver = VERCHK.run()
    if not ver:
        qprompt.alert("Issue with version info!")
        exit()
    if qprompt.ask_yesno("Upload version `%s`?" % (ver)):
        generate_readme()
        subprocess.call("python setup.py sdist upload", shell=True)
        cleanup_readme()
    qprompt.pause()

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


We have the same error, and install, re-install and reinstall the S O in my host and I still can not have a connection, will the changes of php in the server apache (V7) are the problem? I have used Kacars-free for years, but today the truth is already frustrating that I can not make any flight for 15 days .... HELPME PLEASE!!!
Make sure the URL for your site is correct. I believe it should point to your phpVMS folder.
Be sure there are no trailing spaces or slashes in the URL.
Please check for site errors or send me the URL so that I can see what is happening.


A low-calorie may reverse Type 2 diabetes, a new study has found.
Type 2 diabetes can be reversed for at least two years using a weight management program, a study has found.
More than one-third (36 per cent) of people with the condition who spent up to five months on a strict diet with NHS support were still in remission 24 months later, the latest results of a UK trial show.
The scientists behind the study said the findings "pull down the curtain on the era of Type 2 diabetes as an inevitably progressive disease".
Significant weight loss is closely linked with sustaining remission of the condition, they suggest.
About 300 people in Scotland and Tyneside with Type 2 diabetes were recruited for the trial, funded by charity Diabetes UK.
Half received standard diabetes care from their GP and half were placed on a weight management program.
This involved a diet of around 800 calories per day for up to five months, with support from a nurse or dietitian to maintain the weight.
The first year results, published in 2017, showed 46 per cent of participants had reversed their Type 2 diabetes after one year.
Almost two-thirds (64 per cent) of those who lost more than 10 kilograms through the program were in remission after two years, the latest findings of the Diabetes Remission Clinical Trial (DiRECT) show.
Those in remission after the first year, who remained free of Type 2 diabetes in the second year, had an average weight loss of 15.5 kilograms.
Among those who did not stay in remission, the average weight loss was 12 kilograms.
Professor Roy Taylor, from Newcastle University, said: "These results are a significant development, and finally pull down the curtain on the era of Type 2 diabetes as an inevitably progressive disease.
"We now understand the biological nature of this reversible condition. However, everyone in remission needs to know that evidence to date tells us that your Type 2 diabetes will return if you regain weight.
Type 2 diabetes is a common condition that causes the level of glucose in the blood to become too high.
The researchers suggest weight loss can lower levels of fat inside the pancreas, helping it to recover and aiding production of insulin.


text:
Postăvari este un sat în comuna Frumușani din județul Călărași, Muntenia, România.

Istorie
In 1898 in Marele Dicționar Geografic Al României, Volumul I, la pagina 63 George Lahovari descria:
"Postăvari, Postovari.
Postovari (Știubeiul - Clucerului, Canela, Moara), sat, făcînd parte din com. rur. Știubeiul-Orăști, pl. Dimbovița, jud. Ilfov, situat la N. de Orăști. Spre V. trece șoseaua județeană București-Oltenița.
Se întinde pe o suprafață de 1381 hect., cu o populație de 303 locuitori.
D-na Elena Caramaliu are 1275 hect. și locuitorii, 106 hect. Proprietarul cultivă 1075 hect. (75 sterpe, 125 pădure).
Locuitorii cultivă tot terenul.
Are o biserică, cu hramul «Sf. Gheorghe», deservită de 1 preot și 1 cintăreț; 1 heleșteu.
Comerciul se face de 2 cîrciumati.
Numărul vitelor mari e de 317 și al celor mici, de 676"

Note

Postăvari, Frumușani


The direction finder general structure, including an angular attitude-determining device of the direction-finding antenna-feeder device is considered. The terms used in the radio direction finding theory, taking into account the device presence for angular attitude determining device of the direction-finding antenna-feeder device, are systematically defined. Terms and definitions admitted for presenting results of radio direction finding in various coordinate systems and allowed for different construction variants and angular attitude determination devices of the direction-finding antenna-feeder devices functioning of mobile ground, air and marine radio direction finders are given. The computational ratios for azimuth transformation (angle of altitude) into radio bearing (elevation angle) for air, sea and land direction finders are given. Formulas for the results representing of the radio direction finding in spherical and Cartesian coordinate systems are given. The computational ratios for the error definitions of radio direction finding during direction finders testing in normal terrestrial and geodetic coordinate systems are presented.
The article contains 1 figure and links to 22 sources of information.
Starik M.E., Kukes I.S. Radiopelengatory. Voenmorizdat. 1941. 262 s.
Belavin O.V., Venttsel V.A., Ulyanov V.S. Korotkovolnovye radiopelengatory. M.: Oborongiz. 1959. 124 s.
Kukes I.S., Starik M.E. Osnovy radiopelengacii. M.: Sov. radio. 1964. 640 s.
Vartanesyan V.A., Goihman E.Sh., Rogatkin M.I. Radiopelengatory. Terminy i opredeleniya. M.: Voenmorizdat. 1966. 248 s.
Mezin V.K. Avtomaticheskie radiopelengatory. M.: Sov. radio. 1969. 216 s.
GOST 23288-78. Radiopelengatory. Terminy i opredeleniya. M.: Standards. 1979. 6 s.
Belyaevsky L.S., Novikov V.S., Olianyuk P.V. Osnovy radionavigacii: Uchebnik dlya vuzov grazhd. aviacii. M.: Transport. 1982. 288 s.
Saidov A.S., Tagilayev A.R., Aliev N.M., Aslanov G.K. Proektirovanie fazovyx avtomaticheskix radiopelengatorov. M.: Radio i svyaz'. 1997. 160 s.
Denisov V.P., Dubinin D.V. Fazovye radiopelengatory. Tomsk: Tomsk State University of Control Systems and Radio-Electronics. 2002. 251 s.
Rembovsky A.M., Ashihmin A.V., Kozmin V.A. Radiomonitoring: zadachi, metody, sredstva. M.: Goryachaya liniya – Telecom. 2012. 640 s.
Vinogradov A.D., Dmitriev I.S. Sposoby i xarakteristiki mestoopredeleniya nazemnogo istochnika radioizlucheniya pri radiopelengovanii s borta letatel'nogo apparata // Antenny. 2016. № 6(226). S. 4−44.
Ufaev V.A. Opredelenie mestopolozheniya nazemnyx celej po rezul'tatam dvuxmernogo pelengovaniya s letno-pod'emnyx sredstv // Antenny. 2015. № 5(216). S. 58−64.
Bachrach L.D., Benenson L.S., Zelkina E.G. Spravochnik po antennoj texnike. M.: IPRZHR. 1997. 544 s.
GOST 23282-91. Reshetki antennye. Terminy i opredeleniya. M.: Standards. 1991. 18 s.
GOST 20058-80. Dinamika letatel'nyx apparatov v atmosfere. Terminy, opredeleniya i oboznacheniya. Terms definitions and designations. M.: Standards. 1981. 56 s.
Bronshteyn I.N., Semendyayev K.A. Spravochnik po matematike dlya inzhenerov i uchashhixsya VTUZov. M.: Nauka. 1980. 976 s.
Ishlinskiy A.Yu. Orientaciya, giroskopy i inercial'naya navigaciya. M.: Nauka. 1976. 622 s.
GOST 22268-76. Geodeziya. Terminy i opredeleniya. M.: Standards. 1977. 34 s.
GOST 51794-2008. Global'nye navigacionnye sputnikovye sistemy. Sistemy koordinat. Metody preobrazovaniya koordinat opredelyaemyx tochek. M.: Standartinform. 2009. 16 s.
Bubnov I.A., Kremp A.I., Folimonov S.I. Voennaya topografiya. M.: Ministry of Defence of the USSR. 1958. 376 s.
Sivakov A.M. Voennaya topografiya dlya svyazistov. M.: Voyenizdat. 1974. 172 s.
Morozov V.P. Kurs sferoidicheskoj geodezii. M.: Nedra. 1979. 296 s.