text:
#import <QuartzCore/QuartzCore.h>

#import "ThListBaseVC.h"
#import "ThVm.h"
#import "ThTableViewCell.h"
#import "ThemeManager.h"
#import "MyNavigationVC.h"
#import "ResVC.h"
#import "AppDelegate.h"
#import "Env.h"
#import "ViewController+Additions.h"
#import "GestureEntry.h"
#import "GestureManager.h"
#import "Th+ParseAdditions.h"
#import "ThListTransaction.h"
#import "BoardManager.h"
#import "ThItemActionMenu.h"
#import "NextSearchVC.h"
#import "MySplitVC.h"

#import "FavVC.h"

@interface ThListBaseVC ()

@property (nonatomic) GestureManager *gesture;
@property (nonatomic) Th *selectedTh;

@property (nonatomic) ThListTransaction *thlistTransaction;
@property (nonatomic) ThItemActionMenu *thItemActionMenu;

@end

@implementation ThListBaseVC

// @ virtual
- (NSInteger)tableView:(UITableView *)tableView numberOfRowsInSection:(NSInteger)section
{
    return 0;
}

- (id)initWithNibName:(NSString *)nibNameOrNil bundle:(NSBundle *)nibBundleOrNil
{
    self = [super initWithNibName:nibNameOrNil bundle:nibBundleOrNil];
    if (self) {
        // Custom initialization
    }
    return self;
}

- (void)dealloc
{
    NSNotificationCenter *nc = [NSNotificationCenter defaultCenter];
    [nc removeObserver:self
                  name:MYO_WINDOW_EVENT_NOTIFICATION
                object:[[[UIApplication sharedApplication] delegate] window]]; //
}

- (void)onOrientationChanged:(CGFloat)width
{
    self.thItemActionMenu = nil;

    [self startRegenerateTableData:YES];
}

- (void)viewDidLoad
{
    self.hasSections = NO;

    [super viewDidLoad];

    self.gesture = [[GestureManager alloc] init];
    [[NSNotificationCenter defaultCenter] addObserver:self
                                             selector:@selector(windowEvent:)
                                                 name:MYO_WINDOW_EVENT_NOTIFICATION
                                               object:[[[UIApplication sharedApplication] delegate] window]];

    [[self thisTableView] registerNib:[UINib nibWithNibName:@"ThTableViewCell" bundle:nil]
              forCellReuseIdentifier:@"Cell"];

    UILongPressGestureRecognizer *longPressGestureRecognizer = [[UILongPressGestureRecognizer alloc] initWithTarget:self
                                                                                action:@selector(_onLongGesture:)];
    longPressGestureRecognizer.minimumPressDuration = 0.60;
    [[self thisTableView] addGestureRecognizer:longPressGestureRecognizer];
}

- (void)scrollViewDidScroll:(UIScrollView *)scrollView
{
    if (self.hasSections) {
        for (ThTableViewCell *cell in [self thisTableView].visibleCells) {
            CGFloat hiddenFrameHeight = scrollView.contentOffset.y + 22 - cell.frame.origin.y;
            if (hiddenFrameHeight >= 0) {
                [cell maskCellFromTop:hiddenFrameHeight];
            } else {
                cell.layer.mask = nil;
            }
        }
    }
}

- (void)maskCell:(UITableViewCell *)cell fromTopWithMargin:(CGFloat)margin
{
    cell.layer.mask = [self visibilityMaskForCell:cell withLocation:margin / cell.frame.size.height];
    cell.layer.masksToBounds = YES;
}

- (CAGradientLayer *)visibilityMaskForCell:(UITableViewCell *)cell withLocation:(CGFloat)location
{
    CAGradientLayer *mask = [CAGradientLayer layer];
    mask.frame = cell.bounds;
    mask.colors = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:(id)[[UIColor colorWithWhite:1 alpha:0] CGColor], (id)[[UIColor colorWithWhite:1 alpha:1] CGColor], nil];
    mask.locations = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:[NSNumber numberWithFloat:location], [NSNumber numberWithFloat:location], nil];
    return mask;
}

- (void)onThemeChanged
{
    [super onThemeChanged];
    [self startRegenerateTableDataIfVisible];
    [self thisTableView].backgroundColor = [UIColor clearColor];

    [[ThemeManager sharedManager] changeTableViewStyle:[self thisTableView]];

    self.view.backgroundColor = [UIColor clearColor];

    [self thisTableView].separatorColor = [[ThemeManager sharedManager] colorForKey:ThemeThreadRowSeparatorColor];
}

- (IBAction)buttonClicked:(id)sender
{

    dispatch_async(dispatch_get_main_queue(), ^{
      [[MySplitVC instance] closeActionMenu:nil complete:nil];

      self.thlistTransaction = [[ThListTransaction alloc] init];

      Board *board = [[BoardManager sharedManager] boardForTh:self.selectedTh];
      [self.thlistTransaction startOpenThListTransaction:board];

    });
}

- (IBAction)modalBackgroundTouchInsideUp:(id)sender
{
    [[MySplitVC instance] closeActionMenu:nil complete:nil];
}

- (BOOL)canEditing
{
    return NO;
}

- (void)_onLongGesture:(UILongPressGestureRecognizer *)gestureRecognizer
{
    UITableView *tableView = [self thisTableView];
    if (tableView && tableView.isEditing) return;

    if (gestureRecognizer.state == UIGestureRecognizerStateEnded) {
        // NSLog(@"UIGestureRecognizerStateEnded");
    } else if (gestureRecognizer.state == UIGestureRecognizerStateBegan) {

        CGPoint p = [gestureRecognizer locationInView:[self thisTableView]];

        NSIndexPath *indexPath = [[self thisTableView] indexPathForRowAtPoint:p];

        ThVm *thVm = [self thVmForRowAtIndexPath:indexPath];

        self.selectedTh = thVm.th;

        if (self.thItemActionMenu == nil) {
            self.thItemActionMenu = [[ThItemActionMenu alloc] init];

            self.thItemActionMenu.thListBaseVC = self;
            self.thItemActionMenu.canEdit = [self isKindOfClass:[ThListVC class]] == false;

            [self.thItemActionMenu build];
        }

        self.thItemActionMenu.thVm = thVm;
        self.thItemActionMenu.indexPath = indexPath;

        [[MySplitVC instance] openActionMenu:self.thItemActionMenu];
    }
}

- (BOOL)canUpdateAll
{
    return YES;
}

- (void)updateAll
{
    myLog(@"updateAll in base");
}

- (NSString *)getUpdateAllLabel
{
    return @"更新/巡回";
}

- (NSArray *)getGestureItems
{
    __weak ThListBaseVC *weakSelf = self;

    NSMutableArray *gestureItems = [NSMutableArray array];

    GestureEntry *gestureItem = [[GestureEntry alloc] init];
    gestureItem.nameGetter = ^{
      return @"戻る";
    };
    gestureItem.directions = [[NSArray alloc] initWithObjects:DIRECTION_RIGHT, nil];
    gestureItem.completionBlock = ^{
      if (weakSelf) {
          MyNavigationVC *navCon = [MyNavigationVC instance];
          if (weakSelf.isTabInMain == NO && weakSelf == navCon.topViewController) {
              [navCon popMyViewController];
          }
      }
    };
    [gestureItems addObject:gestureItem];

    gestureItem = [[GestureEntry alloc] init];
    gestureItem.nameGetter = ^{
      return @"進む";
    };
    gestureItem.directions = [[NSArray alloc] initWithObjects:DIRECTION_LEFT, nil];
//    gestureItem.isEnabled = ^{
//        if (weakSelf.nextViewController == nil) {
//            return NO;
//        } else {
//            return YES;
//        }
//
//    };
    gestureItem.completionBlock = ^{
      if (weakSelf) {
          MyNavigationVC *myNavigationViewController = [MyNavigationVC instance];
          [myNavigationViewController pushNexViewController];
      };
    };
    [gestureItems addObject:gestureItem];

    // 更新・再巡回
    gestureItem = [[GestureEntry alloc] init];
    gestureItem.nameGetter = ^{
      return [weakSelf getUpdateAllLabel];
    };
    gestureItem.isEnabled = ^{
      return [weakSelf canUpdateAll];
    };
    gestureItem.directions = [[NSArray alloc] initWithObjects:DIRECTION_RIGHT, DIRECTION_DOWN, DIRECTION_LEFT, nil];
    gestureItem.completionBlock = ^{
      [weakSelf updateAll];
    };
    [gestureItems addObject:gestureItem];

    gestureItem = [[GestureEntry alloc] init];
    gestureItem.nameGetter = ^{
      return @"最後に";
    };
    gestureItem.isEnabled = ^{
      return YES;
    };
    gestureItem.directions = [[NSArray alloc] initWithObjects:DIRECTION_RIGHT, DIRECTION_UP, nil];
    gestureItem.completionBlock = ^{
      [weakSelf tableViewScrollToBottomAnimated:NO];
    };
    [gestureItems addObject:gestureItem];

    gestureItem = [[GestureEntry alloc] init];
    gestureItem.nameGetter = ^{
      return @"最初に";
    };
    gestureItem.isEnabled = ^{
      return YES;
    };
    gestureItem.directions = [[NSArray alloc] initWithObjects:DIRECTION_RIGHT, DIRECTION_DOWN, nil];
    gestureItem.completionBlock = ^{
      [weakSelf tableViewScrollToTopAnimated:NO];
    };
    [gestureItems addObject:gestureItem];

    return gestureItems;
}

- (UIView *)getToolbar
{
    return nil;
}

- (void)windowEvent:(NSNotification *)notification
{
    if (![self isViewVisible] || [MySplitVC instance].isActionMenuOpen) {
        return;
    }

    UIEvent *event = (id)notification.userInfo;
    NSSet *touches = [event allTouches];
    UITouch *touch = [touches anyObject];
    CGPoint pos = [touch locationInView:self.view];

    UITableView *tableView = [self thisTableView];

    BOOL beforeStarted = [self.gesture isGestureStarted];

    switch (touch.phase) {
    case UITouchPhaseBegan: {
        [self.gesture touchesBegan:pos withEvent:event];

        BOOL touchOnTable = (CGRectContainsPoint(self.view.bounds, pos));
        if (!touchOnTable) {
            [self.gesture cancel];
            return;
        }

        UIView *toolbar = [self getToolbar];
        if (toolbar) {

            CGPoint posIntoolbar = [touch locationInView:toolbar];
            BOOL touchOntoolbar = (CGRectContainsPoint(toolbar.bounds, posIntoolbar));
            if (touchOntoolbar) {
                [self.gesture cancel];
                return;
            }
        }
    }

    break;
    case UITouchPhaseMoved:
        [self.gesture touchesMoved:pos withEvent:event];
        if ([self isViewVisible] && [self.gesture isGestureStarted]) {
            GestureEntry *showingGestureItem = nil;
            if (tableView.scrollEnabled) {
                tableView.scrollEnabled = NO;
            }
            [tableView setUserInteractionEnabled:NO];

            if (beforeStarted == NO) { // ジェスチャーが有効になった瞬間にセル選択を解除
                CGPoint p = [touch locationInView:[self thisTableView]];
                NSIndexPath *indexPath = [[self thisTableView] indexPathForRowAtPoint:p];

                if (indexPath) {
                    ThTableViewCell *cell = (ThTableViewCell *)[[self thisTableView] cellForRowAtIndexPath:indexPath];
                    if (cell.isHighlighted || cell.isSelected) {
                        [cell setHighlighted:NO];
                        [cell setSelected:NO];
                    }
                }
            }

            NSArray *gestureItems = [self getGestureItems];
            for (GestureEntry *gestureItem in gestureItems) {
                if ([self.gesture isGesture:gestureItem.directions]) {
                    if (gestureItem.isEnabled == nil || gestureItem.isEnabled()) {
                        showingGestureItem = gestureItem;
                        break;
                    }
                }
            }
            AppDelegate *app = [UIApplication sharedApplication].delegate;

            [app.window showGestureInfo:showingGestureItem];
        }

        break;

    case UITouchPhaseEnded: {
        tableView.scrollEnabled = YES;
        [tableView setUserInteractionEnabled:YES];
        [self.gesture touchesEnded:pos withEvent:event];

        if ([self isViewVisible] && [self.gesture isGestureStarted]) {
            [tableView deselectRowAtIndexPath:[tableView indexPathForSelectedRow] animated:YES];
            NSArray *gestureItems = [self getGestureItems];
            for (GestureEntry *gestureItem in gestureItems) {
                if ([self.gesture isGesture:gestureItem.directions]) {
                    if (gestureItem.isEnabled == nil || gestureItem.isEnabled()) {
                        if (gestureItem.completionBlock) {
                            gestureItem.completionBlock();
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        AppDelegate *app = [UIApplication sharedApplication].delegate;
        [app.window dismissGestureInfo];
    } break;

    case UITouchPhaseCancelled: {
        [self.gesture touchesEnded:pos withEvent:event];
        AppDelegate *app = [UIApplication sharedApplication].delegate;
        [app.window dismissGestureInfo];
    } break;
    default:
        break;
    }
}

- (void)startBackgroundParse
{
    NSArray *thVmList = [self getThVmList];
    UITableView *tableView = [self thisTableView];
    if (tableView == nil || thVmList == nil || [self isViewLoaded] == NO) {
        return;
    }

    NSUInteger checkCellTag = self.currentCellTag;

    myLog(@"startParseForThVmList success");

    dispatch_async(dispatch_get_global_queue(DISPATCH_QUEUE_PRIORITY_BACKGROUND, 0), ^{
      for (ThVm *thVm in thVmList) {
          if (checkCellTag != self.currentCellTag) {
              myLog(@"stop background request by diff of currentCellTag");
              break;
          }

          if (thVm.tag != self.currentCellTag && tableView) {

              @synchronized(thVm)
              {
                  [thVm regenAttributedStrings:[[MySplitVC instance] thListTableViewWidth:self]];
                  thVm.tag = self.currentCellTag;
              }
          }
      }
    });
}

- (void)viewDidAppear:(BOOL)animated
{
    [super viewDidAppear:animated];
}

- (void)didReceiveMemoryWarning
{
    [super didReceiveMemoryWarning];
    // Dispose of any resources that can be recreated.
}

// Subclassが実装する
// thVmForRowAtIndexPath
- (ThVm *)thVmForRowAtIndexPath:(NSIndexPath *)indexPath
{
    return nil;
}

- (NSArray *)getThVmList
{
    return nil;
}

- (UIProgressView *)returnProgressView
{
    return nil;
}

- (ThVm *)genThVm:(Th *)th
{
    ThVm *thVm = [[ThVm alloc] initWithTh:th];
    if ([self isKindOfClass:[FavVC class]]) {
        thVm.showFavState = NO;
    }
    //thVm.tag = self.currentCellTag;
    thVm.delegate = (id)self;

    return thVm;
}

/*
 - (NSObject*) canReloadCells {
 return self;
 }
 */

// 一覧で表示するべきスレッドのプロパティが変わったことを伝える。
- (void)onThVmPropertyChanged:(ThVm *)thVm name:(NSString *)propertyName
{
    thVm.tag = -1;

    UITableView *tableView = [self thisTableView];
    if (tableView) {

        if ([self isKindOfClass:[FavVC class]] && [propertyName isEqualToString:@"read"]) {
            [[FavVC sharedInstance] refreshTabBadge];
        }

        @synchronized(tableView)
        {
            if ([self isViewVisible]) {
                [self reloadVisibleCells];
            } else {
                self.shouldReloadTableViewWhenViewWillAppear = YES;
            }
        }

        dispatch_async(dispatch_get_global_queue(DISPATCH_QUEUE_PRIORITY_BACKGROUND, 0), ^{
          [NSThread sleepForTimeInterval:1.2];
          @synchronized(thVm)
          {
              if (thVm.tag != self.currentCellTag) {
                  [thVm regenAttributedStrings:[[MySplitVC instance] thListTableViewWidth:self]];
                  thVm.tag = self.currentCellTag;
              }
          }
        });
    }
}

// 今表示しているCellをリロードする。
- (void)reloadVisibleCells
{

    dispatch_async(dispatch_get_main_queue(),
                   ^{
                     UITableView *tableView = [self thisTableView];
                     @synchronized(tableView)
                     {
                         NSMutableArray *mutablePathSet = [NSMutableArray array];
                         NSArray *indexPathList = [tableView indexPathsForVisibleRows];
                         for (NSIndexPath *indexPath in indexPathList) {
                             ThVm *thVm = [self thVmForRowAtIndexPath:indexPath];
                             //ThTableViewCell* cell = (ThTableViewCell*)[[self thisTableView] cellForRowAtIndexPath:indexPath];
                             if (thVm.tag != self.currentCellTag) {
                                 [mutablePathSet addObject:indexPath];
                             }
                         }

                         if ([mutablePathSet count] > 0) {

                             [tableView reloadRowsAtIndexPaths:mutablePathSet
                                              withRowAnimation:UITableViewRowAnimationNone];
                         }
                     }
                   });

}

// スレの監視を中止するため削除の通知
- (void)removeThVm:(ThVm *)thVm
{
}

- (CGFloat)tableView:(UITableView *)tableView estimatedHeightForRowAtIndexPath:(NSIndexPath *)indexPath
{
    ThVm *thVm = [self thVmForRowAtIndexPath:indexPath];

    if (thVm.delegate == nil) {
        thVm.delegate = (id)self;
    }

    if (thVm.cellHeight > 0) {
        return thVm.cellHeight;
    }
    return 40;
}

- (CGFloat)tableView:(UITableView *)tableView heightForRowAtIndexPath:(NSIndexPath *)indexPath
{
    @synchronized(tableView)
    {
        ThVm *thVm = [self thVmForRowAtIndexPath:indexPath];

        if (thVm.tag != self.currentCellTag) {

            @synchronized(thVm)
            {
                [thVm regenAttributedStrings:[[MySplitVC instance] thListTableViewWidth:self]];
                thVm.tag = self.currentCellTag;
            }
        }

        return [thVm getHeight:tableView.bounds.size.width];
    }
}

- (void)tableView:(UITableView *)tableView willDisplayCell:(UITableViewCell *)cell forRowAtIndexPath:(NSIndexPath *)indexPath
{
    ThTableViewCell *thCell = (ThTableViewCell *)cell;
    [thCell.speedTextView setNeedsDisplay];
    [thCell.countTextView setNeedsDisplay];
    [thCell.titleTextView setNeedsDisplay];
    [thCell.otherTextView setNeedsDisplay];
    [thCell.newsCountTextView setNeedsDisplay];
    [thCell.dateTextView setNeedsDisplay];
    [thCell setNeedsDisplay];

    if (self.isEditing == NO && self.hasSections) {
        NSUInteger numberOfSections = [self numberOfSectionsInTableView:tableView];
        CGFloat sectionHeight = [self tableView:tableView heightForHeaderInSection:0];
        if (sectionHeight > 0 && numberOfSections > 0) {
            CGFloat hiddenFrameHeight = tableView.contentOffset.y + sectionHeight - cell.frame.origin.y;
            if (hiddenFrameHeight >= 0) {
                [thCell maskCellFromTop:hiddenFrameHeight];
            } else {
                cell.layer.mask = nil;
            }
        }
    }
}

- (UITableViewCell *)tableView:(UITableView *)tableView cellForRowAtIndexPath:(NSIndexPath *)indexPath
{
    @synchronized(tableView)
    {
        ThVm *thVm = [self thVmForRowAtIndexPath:indexPath];

        ThTableViewCell *cell = (ThTableViewCell *)[tableView dequeueReusableCellWithIdentifier:@"Cell"];

        if (cell.tag != self.currentCellTag) {
            UIColor *backgroundColor = [[ThemeManager sharedManager] colorForKey:ThemeThreadRowBackgroundColor];
            UIColor *selectedBackgroundColor = [[ThemeManager sharedManager] colorForKey:ThemeThreadRowSelectedBackgroundColor];
            ;

            cell.backgroundColor = backgroundColor;
            for (UIView *subView in cell.subviews) {
                // iOS7でCellの下のViewにも同じUIColorが設定されてしまい
                // 半透明の場合におかしくなってしまうので、clearColorを設定
                subView.backgroundColor = [UIColor clearColor];
            }

            UIView *selectedBackgroundViewForCell = [UIView new];
            selectedBackgroundViewForCell.backgroundColor = selectedBackgroundColor;
            cell.selectedBackgroundView = selectedBackgroundViewForCell;

            UIColor *clearColor = [UIColor clearColor];

            [cell.titleTextView setBackgroundColor:clearColor];
            cell.titleTextView.thTableViewCell = cell;

            [cell.countTextView setBackgroundColor:clearColor];
            [cell.speedTextView setBackgroundColor:clearColor];
            [cell.otherTextView setBackgroundColor:clearColor];
            [cell.newsCountTextView setBackgroundColor:clearColor];
            [cell.dateTextView setBackgroundColor:clearColor];

            cell.titleTextView.drawMarkWhenRead = [self isKindOfClass:[ThListVC class]] || [self isKindOfClass:[NextSearchVC class]];
            cell.titleTextView.drawType = thVmTitle;
            cell.countTextView.drawType = thVmCount;
            cell.speedTextView.drawType = thVmSpeed;
            cell.otherTextView.drawType = thVmOther;
            cell.newsCountTextView.drawType = thVmNewCount;
            cell.dateTextView.drawType = thVmDate;

            cell.tag = self.currentCellTag;
        }

        cell.layer.mask = nil;

        if (thVm.tag != self.currentCellTag) {
            [thVm regenAttributedStrings:[[MySplitVC instance] thListTableViewWidth:self]];
            thVm.tag = self.currentCellTag;
        }

        cell.titleTextView.thVm = thVm;
        cell.countTextView.thVm = thVm;
        cell.speedTextView.thVm = thVm;
        cell.otherTextView.thVm = thVm;
        cell.newsCountTextView.thVm = thVm;
        cell.dateTextView.thVm = thVm;

        [cell.titleTextView setFrame:thVm.titleFrame];
        [cell.countTextView setFrame:thVm.countFrame];
        [cell.speedTextView setFrame:thVm.speedFrame];
        [cell.otherTextView setFrame:thVm.otherFrame];
        [cell.newsCountTextView setFrame:thVm.newFrame];
        [cell.dateTextView setFrame:thVm.dateFrame];

        return cell;
    }
}

- (UITableViewCellEditingStyle)tableView:(UITableView *)tableView editingStyleForRowAtIndexPath:(NSIndexPath *)indexPath
{
    return UITableViewCellEditingStyleNone;
}

- (void)tableView:(UITableView *)tableView didSelectRowAtIndexPath:(NSIndexPath *)indexPath
{
    // ThTableViewCell* cell = [tableView cellForRowAtIndexPath:indexPath];
    if (tableView.isEditing) {
        // [cell setNeedsDisplay];
        // [cell.titleTextView setNeedsDisplay];
        return;
    }

    if ([self.gesture isGestureStarted]) {
        [tableView deselectRowAtIndexPath:[tableView indexPathForSelectedRow] animated:YES];
        return;
    }

    ThVm *thVm = [self thVmForRowAtIndexPath:indexPath];
    [tableView deselectRowAtIndexPath:[tableView indexPathForSelectedRow] animated:YES];

    ResTransaction *man = [[ResTransaction alloc] init];

    man.th = thVm.th;
    if ([man startOpenThTransaction]) {
        //return YES;
    }
    //    return NO;
}

/*
 #pragma mark - Navigation

 // In a storyboard-based application, you will often want to do a little preparation before navigation
 - (void)prepareForSegue:(UIStoryboardSegue *)segue sender:(id)sender
 {
 // Get the new view controller using [segue destinationViewController].
 // Pass the selected object to the new view controller.
 }
 */

@end


text:
Chemours Pledges New Steps To Keep GenX Out Of River
WFAE | By David Boraks
Rusty Jacobs/ WUNC
State regulators and environmentalists have reached an agreement with chemical maker Chemours that adds new requirements for preventing contamination of the Cape Fear River.
The deal between the state Department of Environmental Quality, Cape Fear River Watch and Chemours concerns GenX and other toxic chemicals known as PFAS. It's an addendum to a February 2019 consent order that followed an investigation that began in 2017.
The company has agreed to add a barrier wall, in-stream filters and other systems at its Fayetteville plant to prevent the chemicals from seeping into the river through groundwater and stormwater.
NCDEQ will seek public comment on the agreement and then submit it to Bladen County Superior Court for approval.
Stopping Contamination
The Southern Environmental Law Center, which represents Cape Fear River Watch, says the order requires the company to stop 99% of PFAS from entering the river.
Senior attorney Geoff Gisler called it "an important investment" in the river's future.
"The commitments required of the company will result in significant reductions in PFAS levels in the river quickly and ensure that communities downstream are protected over the long term," he said.
The Cape Fear River provides drinking water for Wilmington and Brunswick and Pender counties.
PFAS, or polyfluoroalkyl substances, such as GenX, are used in nonstick coatings, firefighting foams, and other products. They can increase the risk of cancer or cause other health problems, such as high blood pressure.
Meanwhile, N.C. Attorney General Josh Stein said this week his office will expand an investigation into sources of PFAS. Stein's office said the goal is "to understand the extent of the damages to North Carolina's natural resources caused by contamination from GenX and other PFAS chemicals and to further evaluate contamination elsewhere in the surface waters, soils, and groundwater of North Carolina."
Want to read all of WFAE's best news each day? Sign up for our daily newsletter, The Frequency, to have our top stories delivered straight to your inbox.
Energy & EnvironmentGenXDepartment of Environmental QualityCape Fear Riverlaw center
David Boraks
David Boraks is a veteran journalist who covers climate change for WFAE. See more at www.wfae.org/climate-news. He also has covered housing and homelessness, energy and the environment, transportation and business.
See stories by David Boraks
2019 Tests Found No Worries With Unregulated Chemicals in Charlotte's Water
Elevated Pollutants In Rivers Suspected In Many Parts Of NC
NC Environmental Chief: Chemical Maker Must Change Its Ways

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
The Observational Regimes of pre-Lavoisian Chemistry in the Eighteenth Century
John Christie
Pre-Lavoisian chemistry, maintaining interfaces with physiology, pharmacy, mineralogy, heat and electrical science, and manufacturing, provides analytical access to a broad, qualitatively diverse array of observational practices and their development. These are studied in representative samples from the work of Hales, Cullen, Black, Macquer, Cavendish, and Rush. They included ancient and canonical practices, in some sense normative for the science (e.g., chemical tests), with their more recent additions, techniques for observing new and difficult materials (e.g., gases), and for "unobservables" (e.g., latent heat), even for "nonesuches" (e.g., phlogiston). Much of this project was motivated by the notion of "sensory labour," thus, whilst attention is given to increasingly instrumentalized and quantified observation (volumetrics, gravimetrics, thermometrics), stress was also laid upon the stable survival of the sensory apparatus of chemical practice (colour, turbidity, odour, taste, texture, sound), and the taciturn skill and knowledge embedded therein. The emergent picture was at some variance with theoretical histories of chemistry in the period, which tend to assimilate the science to matter-theoretic natural philosophy. By contrast, the focus upon observation renders chemistry as akin rather to the observational and taxonomic sciences of natural history, here used for positive comparative purposes. As research proceeded, attention was also given to the relations of chemistry to the broader epistemic/epistemological communities within which practitioners were often embedded (philosophers, economists, traders, manufacturers, travelers), to gauge (for instance) senses in which observation may have been sensitive to divisions or transitions between academic chemistry and the practical arts. Finally, and more philosophically, observation was considered logically (i.e., semantically rather than epistemologically), posing an informal model of objects of observation as "intentional objects," which can generate generate a staged account inclusive of marking, noticing etc. as part of the constitution of such an object, but which may have crucial and informative limitations with respect to e.g., accidental discovery, observational surprise, and the like.


I must give credit where credit is due, my brother-in-law Shawn told us after we announced that we were pregnant that he was no longer praying for snowflakes but for snowmen! Ricky and I just loved it! Thanks Shawn.
Ricky and I had our 11 week ultrasound yesterday and the twins are doing great! They were moving so much the doctor couldn't get them in the save picture. We graduated from the fertility clinic and I got to stop all my hormone supplements!!! YAY! We have our first OB appointment at 14 weeks on October 21st.
Thank you so much for all your prayers and support. The reality of needing two of everything is setting in, but we are thrilled.
We continue to pray for God's protection for the twins, a healthy pregnancy and healthy babies.
Stop by the blog www.peasefamily,net for pictures of the twins snowmen progress and our graduation gift from the fertility clinic.
Ricky and I had our 6 1/2 week ultrasound this morning and we learned we are expecting twins! Both babies had a heartbeat that we could see on the ultrasound and measured well.
We have our next ultrasound in 2 weeks.
Many people have asked how I'm feeling, I am experiencing some pregnancy symptoms mostly fatigue and nausea. I am grateful to be symptomatic as reassurance that our little ones are growing!
Thank you for your ongoing prayers. Please continue to pray for them as they grow, that I would be able to carry these little ones to term.
Ricky and I are thrilled to announce that we are 4 1/2 weeks pregnant! My HCG on Saturday doubled from our initial beta test on Thursday. We had repeat labs again this morning and my HCG doubled again!!!
We were told its all about the rise :).
On Saturday the nurse used the wheel and shared that we are due on 4/21/16.
We have ultrasound at 6 1/2 weeks, Monday August 31st where we will be able to see the "flicker" of the heartbeat and find out how many babies I am carrying.
So far I feel great, I have noticed that I am a little more tired than normal. I napped Saturday and Sunday and if you asked Ricky I am not a good napper unless I'm tired.
We have received countless emails and text messages sharing in our joy and congratulating us. Thank you!
We would welcome your ongoing prayers for our babies (we are going to work on the assumption that we are having twins until proven otherwise). We are praying that God would form a hedge of protection around the babies, that they would continue to grow and that I would be able to carry them to term.
I don't have any appointments at the fertility clinic between now and then! That will feel weird. Pray for peace for Ricky and I that we would trust that our babies are safe and growing.
Ricky and I wanted to share that we got the most amazing phone call this morning! We are going to be parents!!! YAY!
Our beta test was positive!!!!!! We were both overcome with joy and started to tear up with tears of joy. Our nurse shared that my HCG level is great! Which is so encouraging. This of course is only the beginning of the journey. THANK YOU FOR ALL YOUR PRAYERS, ENCOURAGEMENT AND SUPPORT!!!!
Please continue to pray for the baby or babies to grow and mature. For God to protect them and that I would be able to carry these little snowflakes to term.
We covet all your prayers for Ricky and I and these precious little ones. We have not been told our due date yet, but using the power of the internet baby Pease should arrive April 2016 (but we will have a more concrete date soon).
We are thrilled beyond words. I feel as those the words in the English dictionary are not sufficient for how we feel. Wonderful, amazing, incredible just do not seem adequate.
The next steps are labs on Saturday and again on Monday to check my HCG level and make sure that it following the expected course.
I can hardly believe it is August 3rd already! For anyone who follows us on social media they know that we had lobster Fra Diavolo for dinner last night! We bought frozen lobster tails and conquered the intimidating task of cooking them. Why lobster you may ask? Our acupuncturist has made several recommendations about diet changes. Eating lobster was one of his recommendations. It felt easy enough, after you conquer the daunting task of cooking lobster living in the midwest, far, far, away from the ocean.
I'm sure you are all dying to know how the transfer went. Things went really well this morning. They only had to thaw 2 of our remaining 3 embryos! Which means we stil have 1 remaining frozen embryo. Both embryos were grade A when frozen and where considered grade A, good + after thawing (the best grade they can be). I had acupuncture before and after the transfer, which certainly helped me relax. The transfer itself went really well, our doctor was really happy with the embryos, how well my body was prepared (better than last time) and the placement of the embryos.
That was honestly the perfect reminder at the perfect time. Ricky and I prayed out loud this morning as we drove to the hospital. We know that many of you have been joining us in prayer, thank you.
I had my final ultrasound and labs this morning (Monday July 27, 2015) prior to our transfer. My lining is measuring 1 mm thicker than last week and was looking very uniform. This is really encouraging since in the past there has been an area that does not thicken up due to the scar tissue.
I am still very apprehensive about the transfer and what the results will be, but my heart is so encouraged by how well things are going this time around.
I titled this update round two since this will be our second transfer. The earlier set-backs when we were preparing for transfers were also difficult and took an emotional toll on both Ricky and I but they did not result in a transfer.
I didn't share this last week, but I was encouraged by a fellow snowflake mom (the adoption agency we are using calls the embryo adoption branch Snowflakes and the babies born snowflakes) to try our local Resolve support group. Resolve is a national infertility support group. I attended the July meeting and have gottem plugged into the facebook group where woman asks questions, reach out for support and share updates about their journey with infertiliy.
Since that meeting another Christian woman is trying to organize a book/Bible study for anyone who is interested. So far that are about a dozen women, myself included, interested in the study.
I hope you are still reading, if you are, our transfer is scheduled for 10 AM next Monday 8/3/15 with acupuncture at 9 AM.
Ricky puts all of these updates on our blog www.peasefamily.net Last week I talked to him about adding some pictures! If you haven't checked the blog out lately we added some pictures from the family weddings over the last 9 months, plus a bonus picture from close Pease family friend's wedding in New Hampshire.
So much has happened in our lives since we started this journey, I thought it would be fun to share it :). Since Ricky coded the blog himself it is very "nerdy" and I do not know how to update it myself or I would have already sprinkled pictures with life updates that corresponded with our posts. He has now made it so I can add my own updates!
Thank you to those of you who shared their prayer requests last week! Know that Ricky and I are praying for you. Please continue to share the ways that we can be praying for you.
Ricky and I have been doing well. This past Saturday my sister Anna got married! That was the 3rd wedding in 9 months for my family.
This morning I had an ultrasound, and my lining is the thickest it has ever been at this stage! (I have been told there is no such thing as too thick) I continue to see the acupuncturist as a way to help support the efforts of the fertility clinic. I am going twice a week, so that has been a big time commitment for me the past month. Ricky and I have no idea what the outcome of the next several weeks will hold, but I can tell you we continue to try to walk in faith. We prayed about it and sought wise council and felt that the door to continue in the journey of embryo adoption was still open. As I shared before, I talked to our fertility doctor and shared that we wanted to be parents that I did not need to be pregnant. Her response to that was that she felt that we should try again with our 3 remaining embryos.
I am encouraged by the results of today's ultrasound but trying to guard by heart. The past 7 months have been filled with ups and downs and the Pease household has had its fair share of disappointment.
Thank you all for your going prayers and support! As we move through this journey we recognize that you have things going on in your lives, how can Ricky and I be praying for you?
Hard to believe that our transfer is scheduled for 2 weeks from today!
Yesterday morning at 7 AM I had my blood drawn for our beta pregnancy test (serum HCG) as well as estradiol and progesterone.I'm sure you have all had phone calls where you know the outcome before someone tells you because of their tone or how they start the conversation. The phone call yesterday at noon was no exception! I knew right away what the result was going to be, not pregnant. The nurse went on to share that my HCG level was less than 1 and we are not pregnant. She told us she had our other lab results but at this point they were irrelevant. I wrote down the lab level while she was talking. I'm not sure why? But I did. I felt stunned, a minute or two before I got the call Ricky had texted me that he had arrived for lunch. We had made plans to have lunch to try to get the news together. Seconds after I hung up the phone he was standing standing in front of me. We are grieving, this is loss for us. We very much want to be parents and for 10 days thought we were pregnant. Ricky talked to the babies at least once if not twice a day everyday. I had my ups and downs with emotions and the hormones but for the most part we were walking in faith believing we were pregnant. We prayed several times a day together, out loud for the babies to grow and be healthy full term babies.
We started sharing the news yesterday that we were not pregnant. A good friend of ours shared with Ricky that the best analogy for these situations is planning for graduation day and then being told you have to go back to freshman year! No matter what the next steps are we are starting over. We are going to take some time to grieve and have decided our next step for now is meeting with our fertility doctor. I do not (we do not) want to continue to try to have a family through embryo adoption if our doctor does not think she can get us pregnant.
We are so blessed to have so many people supporting us, loving us, taking this journey with us, praying for us and our future children. Thank you! I have been reminded lately of the verse in 1 Samuel 1:27 - For this child I prayed, and the LORD has granted me my petition that I made to him. I believe that Ricky and I will be able to say that someday. It may a while before there are anymore updates to share since Ricky and I are allowing ourselves time to grieve before making a decision about next steps.
I am writing from our couch. Since Ricky is doing strict patrol of "taking it easy". He already made me lunch and is planning on taking care of dinner. Although strict bedrest is not required. I have attached the picture of our two embryos that they transferred this morning. They thawed our 2 vitrified embryos first, but one did not survive the thaw. They thawed one of the slow frozen embryo's and it survived beautifully! Both were grade A embryo's and the embryologist, her name is Amy, seemed very pleased. My labs are right were they want them to be and they found a nice cozy spot to put them today. They use a unique way to calculate our due date and we will learn more about that after the first pregnancy test.
We did not know we were going to get a picture of our embryo's today and it is simply amazing! They walked us through the cells that will grow to become the baby and the cells that grow to become the placenta. God is so amazing! What an amazing awesome Creator we serve. Ricky and I are praying this is our first picture of our baby(s).
The fertility clinic continues to support my body with medications through the first trimester of pregnancy. We are praying that God has formed a hedge of protection around our precious children and they the can mature and grow and that I can carry them to term! We received many emails and text messages today morning encouraging us. Thank you!
Ricky and I got back last night from a relaxing vacation in Hilton Head, SC. The weather was perfect, mid 80s and blue skies. We enjoyed several lovely dinners, relaxed by the pool and went kayaking through the salt marsh where we saw dolphins!
We had our last scheduled ultrasound before the transfer today and we are 100% nothing standing in our way ready for the transfer this Tuesday. Under normal circumstances you don't share the date and time of your pregnancy. A lot of woman don't even share that they are pregnant until the end of the first trimester. But we have talked about it and covet all your prayers and support. The transfer is scheduled for Tuesday 5/26/15 at 11:30 AM, mark your calendars if you are a calendar marker!
To be honest it is still very surreal given all the ups and downs we have had up until this point. Of course we are thrilled to be taking this next step to grow our family.
Ricky and I just wanted to share where we are in the process. Last week we started the preparation for the frozen embryo transfer. We were surprised to learn our fertility doctor wanted to switch me to IM estrogen. We had not discussed this early in the process so we were a little surprised. I expressed some concerns regarding starting something new so late in the game, but I was assured that they felt this was best. I had my first ultrasound and labs on Monday and things looked good and they were really happy with my labs. So maybe the IM estrogen is doing the trick?
Ricky and I are mostly all packed up and ready for our vacation. We are really looking forward to a few days together to relax together. Tuesday we celebrate our 3rd wedding anniversary. We feel blessed in so many ways and continue to trust in God's plan for our lives and our family. We are praying for God to continue to orchestrate the details of our life for His glory. We are also praying if it is in His plan to prepare my body for a successful pregnancy.
Yesterday was the first day of spring! Ricky I had have not updated you this week because we wanted to be 100% sure the transfer was happening on Tuesday as planned. This past Tuesday we had a doctor's appointment and our doctor saw some fluid on the ultrasound but thought it might be mucus and would go away by adding the progesterone which we started on this past Thursday. She scheduled an ultrasound for this morning to check on things. Unfortunately it was another set back. The fluid was still there :(. She walked us through what she was seeing and explained that the fluid was there last time we were almost ready for the January transfer but that she thought it was related to my high estrogen levels. She further explained that it has been in the same place both times (anatomically speaking). She is concerned because she does not know how it would affect the success of the transfer. The good news is there is a plan.
She wants to do a hysteroscopy. Up until this point she has always done a sinohistogram where you use saline and an abdominal ultrasound to visualize the uterus. I have had three singohistograms in the last year and she has never seen anything concerning. But then we get to this point, within days or weeks of the transfer and the fluid is there. For a hysteroscopy she will go inside the uterus with a scope to get a better view. The down side is, we have to start over, no transfer on Tuesday :(. Some may ask, why not do the hysteroscopy now? We asked that also, and were told we need to wait. The hysteroscopy has to be done on cycle day 5-10. She will fix anything that can be fixed during the hysteroscopy. If she doesn't see anything that can be fixed we would proceed with the transfer even the fluid would return.
This process is harder than we ever imagined. Ricky has been coming into the exam room for my ultrasounds to be able to support me and hear the updates from the doctor first hand. Though he is not writing this email our fertility doctor got choked up and gave me several long hugs this morning sharing in our disappointment. It was really a special moment for me. We have built a relationship with her and it is clear she has our best interest at heart and wants to see us succeed and grow our family. Being in medicine helps me, because I would want to understand and fix something unusual like this.
We continue to try to walk in faith and trust that God has a plan. Thank you all so much for your continued prayers and support. Praying to grow our family in God's timing and for baby Pease in 2016.
I can hardly believe today is March 10th! This morning I had my extra lab draw and ultrasound at the fertility clinic. Ricky and I have been praying that God prepare my body for a successful pregnancy. We were hopeful today was going to be good news. It was not necessary bad news but it was not good news either. My estrogen level is still high, about 5x higher than they would like it to be. They are going to do more labs and another ultrasound on Friday. It is not just about the blood levels but also how my body responds so no decision has been made as to wether we would need to start over again. They are adding a daily baby aspirin. I will be in touch with the fertility clinic tomorrow as Ricky and I have a few unanswered questions about the plan moving forward.
We are asking for prayer. This journey has been more difficult than we could have ever imagined. As always we will keep you posted with updates throughout the upcoming days and weeks.
Ricky and I are excited to share that we have begun the progress toward our frozen embryo transfer! After waiting 1 month and 1 day we were able to get the good news that we can restart the hormone cycle again. We found out yesterday that we got to restart the cycle today. We were pleasantly surprised to learn that it would be so soon. We feel blessed to have some dates on a calendar, medications arriving via mail-order and doctors appointments in the up coming days and weeks. As long as everything goes as planned our frozen transfer will be on Tuesday March 24, 2015.
We were encouraged by a fellow snowflake family that they had to go through 3 different hormone cycles before their first frozen embryo transfer. I was encouraged to know that other families have had some of the same set-backs and heartaches that we. We were also encouraged to know that in the end their first transfer resulted in a healthy pregnancy. Our biggest prayer is that God will prepare my body for a successful pregnancy.
During this time of waiting, I wanted to share with you how far we have come! Some of this is for Ricky and I as a reminder of the journey and how God has been faithful as we have trusted him with our family.
A little background to the above meeting. Ricky and I thought we were about to start the domestic adoption journey that evening. We left (or at least I left) with a feeling of uneasiness and without peace. As we were about to walk out the door of the adoption agency the social worker mentioned embryo adoption and asked if we were sure that wasn't an option for us? We quickly answered that we had previously purposed fertility options and we were fairly confident we could not afford it. She encouraged us to purpose embryo adoption. We drove home from the office in Waukesha, WI and discussed our options and we ended up on the couch together reading about embryo adoption. That next week we sent several emails inquiring about embryo adoption and realized it was financially within our reach!
October 8, 2014 - Decision to accept the match!!!!!
Of course there are some steps in between December 4th and January 7th but I will share you every doctors visit and the details of the medication schedule. It has been quite the journey the last 9 months! We are patiently waiting for what is in store next!
Thank you for your continued prayers and support. We continue to receive kind words, emails and cards of encouragement. Thank you all so much!
Ricky and I just wanted to say thank you so much! We have received so many texts, phone calls and emails of your encouragement and prayers for us as we continue on this journey. We were hoping that next week would mark the end of 1 chapter and the start of another, but this chapter has a few more pages to be added before the chapter ends.
Psalm 117 Praise the LORD, all nations! Extol him, all peoples! For great is his steadfast love toward us, and the faithfulness of the LORD endures forever. Praise the LORD!
I have shed less tears and have experienced less waves of sadness today, praise the Lord for His comfort and strength when we are weak and cannot do it on our own. We are still disappointed and sad but we are so overwhelmed by the outpouring of love, supports and prayers from our community. We are looking forward to sharing the good news that we are beginning the hormone cycle again and have a new transfer date.
Hello, Ricky and I wanted to share an update as to where we are in the process. I will warn you that I am writing this through tear filled eyes, so it is disappointing news. We had an ultrasound and labs last Friday and were told that things looked OK but that my estrogen level was very high. They were going to have me stay taking the low dose estrogen only 2 times per day and not increase the dose as planned to three times a day and I was thrilled! No noon estrogen. Today was going to be our last ultrasound and labs before the scheduled transfer. It was scheduled for Wednesday January 14, 2015 at 11 AM. I had my labs and then went into the exam room for the ultrasound. Dr. Shanti walked in the room and told me she didn't like how high my estrogen level was and that we may need to, and most likely would need to start my hormone cycle over. They were not as happy with how the ultrasound looked, but they got us ready for the IM injections that would have started on Friday and went over the details of the transfer just in case. They told us they would call when they had the labs results and had a chance to look everything ever. They called this afternoon and told us my estrogen level was essentially unchanged from Friday and that we do need to start over with the hormone cycle. We are of course, devastated.
So what does this mean? It means starting over. I need to get my period (I hope this isn't too much information, but it is difficult to explain the timeline without it) and call fertility clinic. They will give me a new calendar that includes 21 days of birth control starting from the beginning with my subq Lupron and labs and ultrasounds. The cycle is approximately 2 months long.
Many tears have been shed today. We felt completely unprepared for this result. We had every expectation walking into the clinic this morning that we were having our last routine ultrasound before the transfer. I have had time to process this and I feel somewhat blessed that I didn't know there might have been a problem on Friday since I would have worried about it and thought about it until the appointment today.
We feel blessed that our doctor wants to give us the best change for success and is not wiling to proceed with the transfer if conditions are not the best we can possibly make it. She told us this morning that there goal is to get us pregnant and that they share in our disappointment. Ricky and I feel loss and are recovering from the surprise news that we need to start the hormone cycle over. We know that God is sovereign and has a plan for our lives. We know He loves us and loves these babies. We feel grief now instead of excitement. We had so much anticipation and joy for next week. I was counting down the days until the transfer. Now we have to wait to be able to count down months, then weeks, then days.
The second time will feel different, more cautious and guarded after disappointment this time. Throughout the day I have felt waves of sadness and have shed many tears. We are comforted that the doctor has wisdom and is striving with us to give us a family.
Thank you all very much for your love, prayers and support. We will continue to give you updates as we move forward in this new hormone cycle and as we get a new transfer date.
The last week has been filled with firsts and lasts. Last week Friday I started by subq injections, so far so good! I have taken an oral birth control pill as my hormone replacement therapy since Spring of 2005 and I took my last one (at least for now) tonight. In the weeks leading up to the frozen embryo transfer our days our filled with more firsts, more new medications, and more ultrasounds (although we have done several of those now so you really can't consider those firsts). We signed all the paperwork at the fertility clinic and things are all set for January 14th. Our fertility doctor shared with us that the doctor in Michigan that worked with the embryos we adopted was her resident during her fellowship! God is so good!
Ricky and I are beyond thrilled to share that the embryo's are here! We got a call today from the embryologist at the fertility clinic that everything went well with the transfer from Michigan and they are safe in the cryo bank at our fertility clinic. We have a tentative date for the frozen embryo transfer as well. Over the next several weeks there are ultrasounds, new medications including shots (both subcutaneous and IM) and blood work for me in preparation. Ricky is a little nervous to give the shots. As long as everything goes well the frozen embryo transfer date is January 14, 2015!
There is something truly moving about knowing our babies are safe and that soon we will get to watch them grow in my womb and grow as children. We covet all your prayers and support. Please continue to pray for God's hand of protection to be on the embryos. Also that He will guide the doctors and nurses involved. We know that God has a plan for our family.
Ricky and I just wanted to share an article that CBS news did on Embryo adoption. This family is a fellow snowflake family. There was another article recently in People magazine as well.


text:
Laukkalansaari är en ö i Finland. Den ligger i sjön Pielisjärvi och i kommunen Joensuu i den ekonomiska regionen  Joensuu ekonomiska region  och landskapet Norra Karelen, i den sydöstra delen av landet,  km nordost om huvudstaden Helsingfors. Öns area är  kvadratkilometer och dess största längd är  kilometer i nord-sydlig riktning.

Källor

Öar i Joensuu
Öar i Pielisjärvi
Öar i Finland större än 5 kvadratkilometer

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Colorado Springs Pioneers Museum (CSPM) Internships:
"The Colorado Springs Pioneers Museum (CSPM) is committed to building a lasting connection to the Pikes Peak region by preserving and sharing our cultural history and accomplishes this mission through innovative exhibits, educational outreach and programming, and preservation of its object and archival collections."
https://www.cspm.org/
Chris Schreck's Experience
My internship was at the Colorado Springs Pioneers Museum in the summer of 2018. While there I processed a small archival collection produced by a local historic ranching operation, the Hanna Ranch, and created an interactive online exhibit based on its contents. In addition to working on this specific project I was able to tour the museum's facilities, view their collections, meet the staff, and I learned of the unique challenges and opportunities that an organization such at the Pioneers Museum faces. Some of those challenges include a small staff size, working with the pubic to produce relevant exhibits, and maintaining archives and artifacts in a building that is nearly 120 years old. Over the course of the project I grew as a professional archivist and historian, I learned about the history, geography, and geology of the Fountain Valley, I learned how to read deeds and other land-related documents, and I learned about Colorado homesteading and the early pioneers who did it. I even learned a little bit about ranching! I really appreciated the opportunity to work in the community, make connections with professionals in my field, and work hands-on with documents that help us tell our city's unique story.
Heather Polls Experience
"My internship at the Colorado Springs Pioneers Museum has allowed me to not only research local history, but also experience it first-hand through a variety of projects. Applying research methods I have learned in the undergraduate and graduate programs at UCCS, I am able to hone those skills to create thorough database entries for incoming donations into the museum. I work with natural history, geological, anthropological, artistic, archaeological, ethnographic, ceramic, archival, and textile collections which gives me a wide range of materials to work with. I help catalog, store, inventory, and care pieces of historical importance. The greatest benefit of this internship is that I am learning skills and techniques used in Collections Care and Management which I can directly apply to a future career in the museum field. Specifically, I am learning how to preserve historical objects from the Colorado Springs area which is personally important to me as a lifetime resident of the city. The entire staff at the Pioneer Museum are a pleasure to work with, and they are passionate about teaching the care and display of their collections."
U.S. Olympic and ParaOlympic Committee Archive" (USOPC)
"The Crawford Family U.S. Olympic & Paralympic Archives is one of the largest collections of Olympic and Paralympic Team USA memorabilia in the world. Established in 2012 through a transformative gift from Gordy and Dona Crawford, the archives occupy a state-of-the-art space at the United States Olympic & Paralympic Committee's headquarters in Colorado Springs, Colorado. The permanent archives houses over 11,000 objects related to the Olympic and Paralympic movements."
https://www.teamusa.org/crawford-family-us-olympic-and-paralympic-archives
Lora Reiher's Experience:
From June 12, 2019 to August 14, 2019, graduate student Lora Reiher did her internship at the U.S. Olympic Committee Archive (USOC). "My assignment was to make sure the framed art pieces in the archive were properly tagged and identified on the art racks and in the Past Perfect computer catalog." AS part of her assignment, she was check each piece of art work and make sure it is properly tagged with catalog number, the name of the item, and any other necessary information. Then she copied the tag numbers down in a notebook and took photos of each piece in order to look up each item in the Past Perfect computer program and verify the information and photo match the item number on the tag. For instance, if there was a framed poster labeled PO563, that showcases the 1984 Olympics with a bobsled in motion that is on Art Rack1 Side B, "then I would need to verify that the image is correct, the tag is correct, and the description listed in the program matches the picture." Once Lora ascertained that all the above information is correct, she then created an Excel file for each rack and side, to list all the pieces in that specific location. During her internship, Lora began updating a collection by Olympic photographer, Walter Iooss. All the images on the racks had no tags and had to be researched with a general description. As Lora was cataloging the pictures she noted that many of them had generic descriptions. Lora began to research Walter Iooss online to see if there were better descriptions of the images. Who are the athletes in the pictures? What was the context in which the image was taken? What year and event was the event taken at? In her research she discovered that Walter Iooss had published a book with many of his photographs in it called, Shooting for the Gold. Lora ordered the book to work on a side project for the archive to update the descriptions of the Iooss images. "With the assistance of the book, I was able to find the names of the athletes in the photos, where and when the photos were taken, and apply context to the image that was lacking before. My goal was to update the Iooss photos in Past Perfect so future researchers could readily obtain the information they need and not miss finding anything because it was updated in the system."
Jami Wilson's Experience:
Graduate student Jami Wilson spent the summer working as an intern at the U. S. Olympic Committee Archives in downtown Colorado Springs. Here, she reflects on some of the gems she found in those archives, and why History research so rocks!
Upon my admittance to the History MA program at UCCS, I immediately sought to gain hands-on experience within a public history institution. My ultimate goal was to receive a PhD in Chinese History. With this goal in mind I recognized the prevalence of public history sites for professional researchers. Without archives, for example, many up and coming manuscripts within the field of history would be impossible. Historians often thank many of the institutions that provided them with research materials on the acknowledgments page of their work—archives, museums, libraries, etc.—and thus I wanted to know how these institutions worked on a deeper level than simply visiting an archive for sources.
After meeting with Dr. Jimenez, we both agreed that volunteering at the Crawford Family U.S. Olympic Archives would be most relevant to my pursuit of Chinese history. This institution hosts records, artifacts, photographs, and books detailing every Olympic Games held in East Asia (Tokyo 1964, Sapporo 1972, Seoul 1988, Beijing 2008). In short, although Colorado Springs is not a "hub" for research on China, I found a way to gain experience within public history as well as work with records and objects specifically relevant to my area of study. I am fortunate to now be in a position where I have access to Beijing 2008 Olympic Games records for an upcoming research paper.
While at the Olympic Archives, I have completed a number of projects. I volunteered from September 2015-June 2016. Within that time I processed, organized, and inputted all Olympic Games manuscripts into the archival system of Past Perfect Museum Software. Past Perfect is a database that allows one to fully articulate what an object is, where it was made, what it was made for, how it was relevant, and so on. In the case of the Olympic Games records, each Olympic Games had between 1 and 17 boxes each to sort through and input. Considering the Olympic Archives hosts manuscripts from over 45 Olympic Games, this is quite the number of boxes to organize. I sorted records ranging from 1906 to 2014. After the completion of this project I had individually archived such manuscripts as programs, rules and regulations, results, newspapers, and media guides with folder-level descriptions for the purpose of creating a clear finding tool and digitally preserving historical documents. My supervisor Teri Hedgpeth has repeatedly mentioned the importance of the completion of this project because now when academics and researchers request information on a particular Olympic Games, such as Beijing 2008, she can pull up the Past Perfect container list I created and send the list to researchers. Researchers can then tell her the title of the exact manuscripts they want. Any researcher knows how valuable it is to have a list of available records that are clearly defined.
Teri asked me to take on an internship with her starting in June 2016 and I have since been at the archive. Within this time I have completed a number of projects. I have processed and accessioned various Olympic Games-related manuscripts and artifacts including records, pins, clothing, and art into Past Perfect Museum Software with vivid description and photographs in order to digitize materials for easy access. I created a coin collection by using Past Perfect Museum Software to locate, retrieve, and rehouse all coins from the processed collection for the purpose of more accurately placing items in the system and archives. I have researched significant figures, events, artifacts, and manuscripts to better contextualize the items being processed. I assisted Teri in creating displays as well as prepared displays for travel. I followed Teri during archive tours as well as gave archives tours which required content knowledge on materials. I have also answered questions and inquiries from other departments within the United States Olympic Committee as well as questions from individual researchers for the benefit of making information accessible to the corporation and academia. Cleaning artifacts and displays were also activities I completed that contributed to a successful archive environment. I have most definitely gained the experience I initially sought for.
I would highly recommend that anyone pursuing the field of history, and especially those wanting to pursue their PhD, should volunteer or intern at a public history institution. Being able to experience how the archival process works allows for more understanding when requesting one's own research materials. Combing through the Olympic Games records took me almost one year alone. Acknowledging that archivists and others within public history have thousands of materials to archive with an often small staff puts one's own research requests into perspective. I have gained more confidence in terms of how I will navigate other archives and how I will ask for information from public historians in the future. I also feel that if/when I do someday thank public history institutions in the acknowledgments section of my own text, I will fully understand the amount of work public historians completed to make my research contribution to the field.
Marc Lucena's Experience
Let me tell you about my internship at the U.S. Olympic and Paralympic Committee Archives. It was a few weeks before the semester was due to start when I received an email with a list of possible internship opportunities. After reviewing the list, I selected to apply for an internship at the Crawford Family U.S Olympic and Paralympic Archives. The archive is located within the United States Olympic and Paralympic Committee headquarters in downtown Colorado Springs. Working at the USOPC archive changed my outlook on what is possible for people in our field while also showing me the highest standard in preservation and documentation.
My first project was processing 100+ Olympic posters donated by the Winter Olympic Training Center in Lake Placid, New York. Through completing the entries, I began to build confidence in my abilities to: describe, measure, weigh, preserve, photograph, research, as well as understand inventory logistics. My next project was processing a large donation of Olympic torches and medals. Some medals date back to the first modern Olympic Games in 1896. When I began the medal and torch project, I did not know that some of the work I had done would end up in a United States Olympic & Paralympic Museum.
I finish the work, flashforward a year or so and I was able to attend the soft opening of the museum upon the invitation of the USOPC Archivist. The internship at the USOPC Archives has given me the opportunity to prove that I am capable of work which contributes to preserving history, and that feeling will compel me to continue work in our field.
Western Museum of Mining and Industry Internship
"The mission of the Western Museum of Mining and Industry is to educate the public about the history and continuing contributions of mining, ranching, and other supporting industries in the American West.
The Western Museum of Mining and Industry is currently a Tier Three level of the American Alliance of Museums."
https://www.wmmi.org/
Don Unger's Experience
"Interning at Western Museum of Mining and Industry (WMMI) in the Summer of 2017 was a blast. At first I was unsure of what to expect, but I had an open mind and a willingness to learn (which I found to be essential later on). To the history: I began interning under the direction of Dr. Rick Sauers archiving museum materials, and then I did intake and inventory of the many valuable artifacts donated and then housed at The WMMI.
Towards the end of my internship, I found that I had built so many meaningful relationships that I decided to keep coming back as a volunteer. Over the next year or so I was a docent and an assistant to the curator. Today, because of my perseverance with this community and because of my commitment to public history, I was hired! Today, I am part of the executive staff, and I get the privilege to hone the skillset I first developed in the grad program at UCCS while preserving our very important heritage here in Colorado and the West."
Penrose Hospital Internship
"Penrose-St. Francis Health Services is a full-service, 522-bed acute care facility in Colorado Springs which includes Penrose Hospital and St. Francis Medical Center. Penrose-St. Francis is southern Colorado's only Magnet Recognized hospital.
We are part of Centura Health, Colorado and western Kansas' largest hospital and health care network delivering advanced care to more than half a million people each year, across 17 hospitals, two senior living communities, health neighborhoods, physician practices and clinics, home care and hospice services, and Flight For Life® Colorado."
https://www.centura.org/locations/penrose-st-francis-health-services
Barb was a graduate student when "My introduction to Christopher Valentine, Director of Communications at Penrose Hospital (now Assistant Vice Chancellor for marketing and communications at UCCS), grew into the first cooperative venture between Penrose Hospital and the internship program of the UCCS graduate school of history. Chris is an avid historian and had enhanced the public space in Penrose Hospital with highlights of the Hospital's story. However, his desire to expand this work had been hindered because information about Penrose Hospital is housed in multiple archives throughout Colorado Springs. My internship focused on locating and evaluating these archives, and in creating an integrated finding guide that could assist research for future projects. A project did emerge during my summer internship as Chris and I discussed what my research uncovered. Two groundbreaking programs were developed at Penrose Hospital under its medical director (1948-1973) Juan A. del Regato, MD. First, Dr. del Regato modeled an internationally acclaimed multidisciplinary treatment of cancer. Second, Dr. del Regato developed a therapeutic radiology residency program which became the first such program supported by the National Cancer Institute. Current historiography on the history of cancer treatment in the United States makes no mention of the Penrose/del Regato story. The recent release of a 45 minute video, produced by Chris Valentine, corrects this historiographic omission. "The History of the Penrose Cancer Hospital Featuring Dr. Juan del Regato" premiered at the Broadmoor Hotel Movie Theater on September 18, 2019. It gives me great satisfaction to have played a part in the genesis of this successful project. The internship program of the UCCS history department offers a unique opportunity for non-traditional students like myself. Non-traditional students possess a wealth of expertise developed outside the academic arena. UCCS history department chair, Dr. Christina Jimenez, facilitated and strongly encouraged me to use my past experience – personal medical history, previously refined work skills, social interactions, and business contacts – as a springboard for creative historical work."


The Beginning of the third round of the Futsal Cup with Quality Slogans from Standard to Quality - Iran Standard & Quality Inspection Co.
The third round of the Quality Cup Futsal, with the participation of the Futsal teams of the General Directorate of Tehran Province, the Industrial Development and Renovation Organization, the Consumer Protection and Productivity Authority, the Environmental Protection Agency, ITRAIK and the ISQI Corporation, in pursuit of the objectives of the Council for Promotion of Standard Culture in Tehran's Development The communication and collaboration of regulatory bodies in the field of standard and quality began on Sunday, October 14th.
In the first week of the tournament, the Consumer Protection and Productivity Group teams competed with the Environmental Protection Agency and ITRAK with the Iran Standards and Quality Inspection Company, which defeated the support organization with a score of 7-2 for the environmental team and the ISQI team With a 1-goal difference, he handed the game to the ITRAK team.
It should be noted that this weekend the competition (Saturday, November 3th), the team IDRO and ISQI will compete.
Iran Standard and Quality Inspection Company was evaluated based on the INQA... What does the quality of interior built cars make after a year?


If you're a supplier, the Printview market intelligence report will be a familiar name to you over the last 20 years. Printview has now evolved to become a monthly e-newsletter giving suppliers and printers a full monthly briefing on the latest market developments. It also includes valuable insights from Print Future's Print Tribe and our network of associates.
Printview is available by free subscription on the home page of this website.
Most print market reports have plenty of adequate data but no insight your sales and marketing teams can use. Print Future adds value by using their vast experience to interpret trends and turn them into practical business development outcomes.
Do you need an even more in-depth look at the market? Commission a bespoke Printfuture report and you get the best data combined with extended commentaries to give you a competitive understanding of markets and real-life applications.
Messe Dusseldorf wanted to publish two report series entitled "drupa Global Trends" and "drupa Global Insights," that studied for the first time the trends and major changes in the international print and media sector at both global and regional levels. The results are based on answers provided by a representative panel consisting of leading executives from printers, suppliers and print purchasers from around the world, recruited primarily from the drupa 2012 visitor and exhibitor database. Messe Düsseldorf, in its role as drupa organiser appointed two independent consulting and market research companies Printfuture (UK) and Wissler & Partner (Switzerland) to conduct these two report series.
The first drupa "Global Trends" report provides an initial assessment of the state of the global print industry In order to monitor the trends going forward, the survey will be repeated in the fourth quarter each year. In parallel drupa will publish a series of "Global Insight" reports that will offer detailed analysis into specific industry-relevant topics.
Printfuture's role in the project is to collaborate with Messe Dusseldorf to define the report titles and content; followed by construction of the survey questionnaires and invitations for all the reports. When the online surveys are complete, Printfuture analyses all the response data creates the content structure and authors the final reports. To achieve a consistent approach Printfuture works closely with Messes Dusseldorf on the chart and design elements and overall project management of the report.
When it comes to market research, good data is vital. By involving specialists in the topic and market from the start of the project, we know we're asking the right people the right questions. To ensure we get the best insights and a balanced view, Printfuture's researchers carry out one-to-one interviews with our network of contacts. Our analysis then turns this high-quality data into great commercial outcomes for your business.
The IPIA were keen to survey their members, both Printers & Print Management Companies on a range of key issues that are setting the agenda for change. They asked Printfuture to conduct survey series 'Scanning the future' using our expertise to ask challenging questions that would provoke a high level of engagement.
The first topic chosen was 'Adopting Cross Media Services' and the report published in Autumn 2013 is available below for download. Its purpose was to explore how Cross Media services are spreading across the market; their impact on printers and print management companies; and to discover how the IPIA might assist its members implement such services including collaboration between members. For further information on how this last topic was developed see our Training page on this website.


text:
Top 10 Vintage Snapbacks to Ever Hit the Site
by Max Vanegas
Working at a vintage snapback and clothing store is like having courtside seats at the Lakers game for life. You get to see some absolute legends up close and personal.
Now, you might think that comparing some old snapbacks and t-shirts with phenoms like Kobe Bryant and Shaquille O'Neal is a bit overkill. But you don't know how much we love vintage snapbacks and clothes at Snag & Stitch. Which, considering we packed up and moved to Denver to do it full time, is a whole lot.
So much so, that we had to make a top 10 blog to memorialize some of our favorite vintage snapbacks to ever hit the site. While some of these are long gone, read on to find out if any of these legendary lids plan on making a comeback and most importantly, to discover which retro hats were the best of the best.
10. Sunny Delight Solar Energy
Rounding out the top of our list is the vintage Sunny D snapback we had for sale, which was as orange as the fruit that it definitely wasn't made from. But who cares if this childhood beverage is made of syrup and sugar? It made any lunch 100x better, even if Mom did pack the leftover meatloaf.
9. Grateful Dead Dancing Bear
An all-time favorite at Snag & Stitch, one of our first vintage grateful dead hats to hit the site. Featuring the iconic dancing bear, stitched on a white corduroy with a zip back, this retro hat is going to become your new favorite when you add it to the lineup. That's right, due to popular demand, we've re-upped on this all-time classic for those of you who didn't get a chance to snag it the first time around! Check it out before it's gone.
8. Wendy's Montana International Hockey Cup
We've had some pretty wild sports snapbacks for sale on the site. But this Wendy's sponsored hockey tournament hat might just take the cake. And it has our imagination absolutely running. We're people crushing Dave's Doubles and Baconators on the sidelines in between ice time? Does Montana have a secret obsession with Wendy's? So many unanswered questions. All from one unbelievably unique vintage snapback.
7. USA Olympics
It's been 24 long years since the USA hosted the Olympic games. But now, we only need to wait 8 more years for those games to make it back to domestic soil. In 2028, Los Angeles will be home to the Games of XXXIV Olympiad. Which makes this vintage corduroy snapback a perfect celebration.
6. Canadian Geese
In gray corduroy, this vintage snapback was quick to take flight back in August when it made its debut. In picking up this item, we also learned that the correct term is "Canada Goose". Who said selling snapbacks won't teach you about the world??
5. Pizza Hut
Alright, so you're telling us that these were the hats you got for working at a pizza chain in the late 1900s? For minimum wage? Shoot, we would spin dough for free if it meant getting our hands on a retro snapback like this one.
4. Welch's
Not the first childhood beverage to make it to our top 10, and probably not the last. Even today, whether it's with a casual slice or when you're filling up the tank, there's something about a can of ice-cold Welch's grape soda that tastes like an elixir squeezed from the grapevines of Greek gods and Roman emperors. Plus, it's only 99 cents.
3. Pillsbury Dough Golfer
Is there anything the Pillsbury doughboy can't do? We heard that the same day he did the photoshoot for this throwback snapback he shot a 76. And that was after crushing 18 cinnamon rolls. It was probably the most legendary thing to ever happen in the sport of golf. Sorry, Tiger.
2. The California Raisins
The silver medal for this edition of the best vintage snapbacks goes out to one of the chillest dried grapes that we know, the California Raisin. If he's not out on the water catching epic sets, you can find him eating fish tacos at Baja Grill or playing with his Sublime cover band.
1. Sherwin Williams - Splatter Paint
There are several rumors that have circulated the creation of, in our opinion, the freshest vintage snapback to ever make it on Snag & Stitch, the Sherwin Williams Splatter Paint. Some say SW hired Naval grade snipers and equipped them with paintball guns to make this masterpiece. Others said it was a product of Vincent Van Gogh's hologram. Either way, we got our hands on it earlier this year, only for it to fly off the shelves the very next day.
Show your stuff!
Do you think this list of vintage hats was accurate? Should the grateful dead snapback have been higher up? Were there not enough sports snapbacks featured? Are there other hats that should've made the list? Let us know! And if you happened to have scored one of these gems, tag us on your Instagram story or anywhere on social media!
Until then, we will begin our search for the next vintage snapbacks to make it to our top 10...
Back to SNAG Blog


Git2Go 1.9 was recently released featuring better support for UTTypes and bundles. Resulting in a better performance and accuracy when using the document provider extension. This adds the possibility to use Swift Playgrounds with Git2Go in iOS 10.
Are you one of the keen ones to jump on the new iOS 10 Public Beta? With the beta you get access to Swift Playgrounds, a new bundled application. The app lets you write and execute Swift code on your iOS device. So you can write an iOS app in an iOS app. Witchcraft, if you ask me. But the best IDE is worthless without some source control. We updated Git2Go to handle bundles and Swift Playgrounds.
We hope you enjoy it. Help us spread the word on social media!


text:
Womantide - Spring/Summer 1984
<< Back to Listings
"Womantide" - a women's magazine of the arts and theater, Spring/Summer 1984. Onetime editor and volunteer for Womantide Magazine Sherry Dranch reports that "Womantide started as a local newsletter for lesbians, at a time when the New York Times, for example, had yet to print the actual word 'lesbian' in its pages. The women's business community and other supporters, gay and straight, made many donations and paid for back-page listings to defray expenses. Readers looking at these issues of Womantide will find evidence of a very intense gay community in 1980's Provincetown, and find valuable information on the lesbian culture of the period." Womantide Magazine was published in Provincetown from 1982 to 1986. This issue of Womantide Magazine was loaned to the Provincetown History Project by Sherry Dranch.
Advertising, Art galleries, Commercial, Provincetown (Mass.)--History--20th century, and Business
There are no comments for this archive.
Use this form to share comments about this item. We promise only to use your email address to contact you in case we have any questions. If you have questions or comments about the site, please contact us. All comments must be approved before they will appear on the website.
Please enter "Ptown" in this box (to help us weed out spam):


text:
American flag to fly at north-east castle to celebrate twinning agreement
by Lee McCann
14/11/2018, 2:57 pm Updated: 14/11/2018, 2:57 pm
Stonehaven forged links with Acheres in France earlier this year
An American flag is to be flown at a north-east castle as part of a twinning agreement.
Stonehaven and the North East Scotland Twinning group has announced its intention to twin with Athens, Alabama, in the United States.
The seaside town forged links with Acheres in France earlier this year, with the latest agreement to be announced on Saturday by the mayor of Athens, Ronnie Marks.
It will take place during the celebrations to mark the 200th anniversary of Athens.
Meanwhile, closer to home, the Stonehaven and North East Scotland Twinning Group will take part in the celebrations at Castle Fraser.
The historic castle is a twinning partner with the group and will be flying the Alabama state flag and US flag from its turrets later this month.
Phil Mills-Bishop, the co-ordinator for the twinning group, was delighted to announce the latest twinning agreement.
He said: "Modern twinning is much more than just a civic connection with a plaque, as in the past, but includes educational exchanges, tourist flows, reciprocal sporting events, business opportunities and greater understanding between respective communities.
"The twinning group grew out of Stonehaven, which is still very much the place of destination, as the US delegation will be based here next summer when they visit, but also Stonehaven can act as a gateway into other areas within the north-east.
"Castle Fraser is an example of that and has been one of our early members and staunch supporters."
A special birthday cake will be baked by castle staff to celebrate the event, with the Scottish delegation joining in celebrations via video link on Saturday.
Mr Marks said: "Celebrating our 200th birthday with our new friends in Scotland is an honour and one of the many endeavours we will embark on as we forge this sister-city relationship."
A team from Stonehaven is expected to visit Athens in May or June 2019, while an Alabama contingent is due to travel to the north-east in July.
North East Scotland Twinning
David Moyes likely to mix it up for West Ham against Doncaster
Hospitals still in 'precarious' position, warns medic
Southend hit by James Olayinka injury blow ahead of Mansfield clash


Most Accessible. The University of Oregon is a residential campus, which means that it has a variety of superb living spaces. Comfortable accommodations, delicious food, and top-notch facilities – all located on the gorgeous University Campus! There are a limited number of residence hall rooms on the UO campus for the IAMCR Conference. June 19-24, 2018.
Note: On-campus pricing is per person per night.
• Hamilton Hall: Standard Single: 74.00 USD, Standard Double: 62.00 USD (If planning to stay for one or two extra nights, June 25 and/or 26, please reserve your stay in Hamilton Hall. This will be the only building offering rooms after the night of June 24).
Note: Click Available rates and then click Select to book the room of your choice.
Note: After selecting dates and checking availability, scroll down the page for IAMCR rooms/rates.
Rate for single or double occupancy in a King or Double Queen rooms starting at 169.00 USD/Night (Not including taxes).
Rates: Rate for single or double occupancy $209.00 (Not including taxes).
Note: When you click on the link and plug in the dates of the conference (6/20-6/24) it automatically populates your group code (IAM) and your rate of $209 for either a king or double queens.


text:
He was flashing gang signs on Facebook. It got him killed by MS-13.
Here is what you need to know about MS-13, a street gang with an international reach. (Claritza Jimenez/The Washington Post)
By Rachel Weiner
Carlos Otero Henriquez told a friend he was a member of the 18th Street gang. On Facebook, he posted photos of himself flashing his gang's signs. When members of the rival MS-13 gang noticed, the 18-year-old from Leesburg, Va., was targeted for murder.
"We're always patrolling the area to make sure it's clean of enemies," Wilmar Javier Viera Gonzalez, a top Virginia MS-13 leader recently testified in Alexandria federal court. He showed jurors a notebook he kept full of MS-13 codes, nicknames and rules. Among the gang's policies: To move up, "you must kill a rival."
Before his arrest, Viera Gonzalez commanded a Northern Virginia chapter of MS-13 called Virginia Locos Salvatrucha and was in charge of the state for a larger group called the "East Coast Program."
The satanic history of MS-13
Now he has testified against six former subordinates, joining two other MS-13 members involved in the murder who hope their cooperation will get them out of prison before their own deaths. The trial is expected to conclude this week.
In court last week, Viera Gonzalez, who formerly held the title "first word" of the VLS, calmly admitted he ordered members of his gang to stab Henriquez to death in May 2016 so they could rise up the ranks.
"He had no idea that night would be his last," Assistant U.S. Attorney Patricia Giles said of Henriquez in her opening statement. "He had no idea of the horrible death he would suffer."
The criminal case is among several playing out across the D.C. region involving violence attributed to MS-13, which had a resurgence in the area and other parts of the country in recent years.
In the Alexandria federal court case, the members of the VLS chapter had learned through an associate that Henriquez was in the 18th Street gang, which has battled MS-13 in the United States and El Salvador for decades. "If he was [18th Street], we must kill him," Viera Gonzalez said.
It was an MS-13 hanger-on named Andres Velasquez Guevara who alerted the gang members to the rival, according to court documents. He had become friends with Henriquez early in 2016. Early on, Velasquez Guevara later told police, he asked his new friend if he was in a gang.
Henriquez said yes: 18th Street.
"Here, you don't go around saying things like that," Velasquez Guevara told police he responded. "Dangerous."
When he became friends with Henriquez on Facebook in April, he saw the teenager had posted photos of himself making 18th Street gang signs. He passed those photos on to Miguel Gomez, an MS-13 member, according to court documents, who alerted gang leaders in El Salvador.
The message came back to kill Henriquez, Viera Gonzalez said.
MS-13 menaces a community seven miles from the White House
Soon after, as the gang members were planning to go to a club, second-in-command Dublas Lazo got a call from Velasquez Guevara. He was with Henriquez.
The victim was brought to a van, where MS-13 members waited.
"He was told that we were going to a party . . . where there were girls," testified Manuel Antonio Centeno, who has also pleaded guilty.
As they drove, Viera Gonzalez said he turned the music up and discussed with the driver where they might kill Henriquez undetected.
They decided on the isolated mountains of West Virginia. On the way there, Viera Gonzalez passed around Heinekens and asked Henriquez questions: Where he was from, how long he had been in the country and whether he was in a gang.
Henriquez said he was in the 18th Street gang. He asked Viera Gonzalez the same questions, noting his tattoos and that he was from San Miguel, a city in El Salvador dominated by MS-13.
No one in this van is in a gang, the MS-13 leader said he responded.
Eventually they stopped at a gate to a park and got out. Lazo stayed by the van as a lookout. The others walked down a gravel path.
"Why are you guys waiting to light it up?" Viera Gonzalez asked.
That was the signal. They surrounded Henriquez and told them they were MS-13.
"I kind of figured something crooked was going on,'" Viera Gonzalez recalled Henriquez saying.
The gang leader and Centeno watched and filmed while four others beat Henriquez, Viera Gonzalez testified.
"They had to do jobs" to become full MS-13 members, Centeno testified through an interpreter. "To assassinate someone — that is a job."
When Henriquez tried to stumble to his feet, Centeno testified, he hit him with an empty beer bottle.
Viera Gonzalez said he told the four to each grab Henriquez by a limb. He approached, while Centeno recorded with his phone and shone a flashlight in the teenager's face.
"I said, 'I promise, if you provide us with information, we're not going to kill you,' " Viera Gonzalez recalled. "He refused. He said he was going to die for it."
Henriquez grabbed his leg. Viera Gonzalez kicked him in the face.
"I told them to finish it," he testified. "They all took a chance, one at a time, stabbing Carlos with the pocketknife." He was stabbed in the stomach so many times, Viera Gonzalez said, "you could see his intestines."
Viera Gonzalez told them to make sure Henriquez was dead, so he said one gang member stabbed the victim in the throat. Centeno took pictures to send to leaders in El Salvador, he said. Then they stripped Henriquez, threw his body in a ditch and set his bloody clothes on fire.
"When his body was recovered, it was mostly bones," Giles told jurors.
As they walked back to the van, Viera Gonzalez said, they all put their hands in the air and made an MS-13 sign.
As Henriquez's mother searched for her son, Giles said, she found clues that helped police track the conspirators down.
Unbeknown to the others, at the time of the murder Lazo had already been cooperating with the FBI to expose suspected extortion, defense attorney Robert Jenkins said in court. Lazo had even filmed his fellow gang members demanding "rent" from a young man.
Lazo initially denied involvement in the murder but took police to the body.
Now he faces a mandatory life sentence if convicted, as does Daniel Flores-Maravilla, Carlos Jose Benitez Pereira and Lelis Ezequiel Treminio-Tobar. Velasquez Guevara is charged only with helping kidnap Henriquez, and Juan Carlos Guadron Rodriguez with involvement in the extortion plot.
Although murdering rivals is how MS-13 members advance, Viera Gonzalez said he was not actually interested in killing Henriquez. It was Gomez who pushed for the murder, he said, and was the first to stab Henriquez.
"If there was any way I could have stopped it, I would have," Velasquez Guevara later told FBI agents.
Yet Gomez, who also testified at trial and has pleaded guilty in the case, was the first to cooperate with prosecutors. He disappeared after the murder, and the clique nearly had him marked for assassination. But he got back to a fellow gang member that day, Viera Gonzalez said, to say he just needed some time alone.
"Not everybody's of a strong mind about what happened with Carlos' murder," Viera Gonzalez testified he thought at the time. "Not everybody can live with it."
This man made over half a million dollars threatening elderly magazine subscribers
Man sentenced to 35 years in fatal stabbing aboard Metro train
Eric Lundgren, 'e-waste' recycling innovator, faces prison for trying to extend life span of PCs