Welcome home to Meadowridge Estates aged 45+. Step inside this perfect 2 bed 1 bath upper unit boasting a large living space, spacious dining room & cozy kitchen. Balcony off the kitchen makes it perfect for morning coffee or lounging outdoors year round! Large master bedroom offers tons of closet space. 2nd bedroom is big and offers ample closet storage as well. Bonus den could be a perfect home office, storage or hobby room. Balcony off the back bedroom takes you downstairs to grass area, perfect for patio set in the summer. Walking distance to ALL local amenitites including groceries, general shopping, fitness centre, restaurants, schools, transit routes & EASY access to West Coast Express station. Don't miss out on this opportunity!


A while back, there was some controversy over Amazon's price check promotion. The assumption in all the complaints is that Amazon offers the lowest prices and that bricks and mortar stores simply cannot compete. That is not true.
Lately, the weather has been blazingly hot. So, I was thinking ice cream during a recent visit to Costco.
Costco was selling the Cuisinart Pure Indulgence Ice Cream Maker for $39.99.
Costco beats Amazon by almost 30%!
Next item, which must be a Cinco de Mayo special: Casa Maria Natural Stone Mortar & Pestle.
From Amazon, it was $45.87 + Free Shipping. This stone mortar and pestle is heavy. So, shipping must cost the retailer a small fortune. When I searched for the same item again today by scanning the bar code, Amazon returned a price of $32.89 + $12.99 Shipping (or $45.88).
The lesson is don't buy into the myth that Amazon always offers the lowest prices. For large bulky or heavy objects, this is particularly true. What Amazon does offer is convenience. You don't have to drive around town to find a specific item that a bricks and mortar store may not have in stock.
Last March, I was looking for parchment paper at Costco. But, they were out!
Well, parchment paper turns out to be a seasonal item and along with the Thanksgiving roasting pans and Christmas decorations and gifts, parchment paper is back. Great for home baked pizza.
I was using a Calphalon 12-inch non-stick pan that I had purchased from Target for about 40+ dollars. As with all non-stick pans, the nonstick interior started to degrade over time. Since Calphalon has a lifetime guarantee, I thought about returning the pan for a replacement. But, a quick trip to the UPS store gave me second thoughts since postage was going to run about $15, not to mention another $5 for the shipping box.
At Costco, I was evaluating the alternatives. The Tramontina Sauté Pan Set ran $23.99 for 8, 10 and 12-inch pans. I only wanted a 12-inch pan, since I already had relatively new 8-inch and 10-inch pans. But, the $23.99 price was compelling.
For a tad bit less, the Tramontina 12-inch covered everyday pan was selling for $21.99. I already had a 12-inch lid. However, I would have preferred a long handle instead of the shorter side handles. The difference is that you can control the pan with one hand with a long handle, but need two hands when gripping both side handles.
So, the Tramontina 3-pack ended up in the shopping cart. Let's see how long this set will last.
Costco was selling a 12 piece Pedrini clip set for $9.99. The clips work great for the various bags of cereal I have in the pantry. But, what really caught my attention was that photo in the bottom right-hand corner of the box.
The clip set includes eight magnetic clips. Is that a magnetic clip on a stainless steel refrigerator door? I love the clips, but unfortunately these magnetic clips did not work on my stainless steel refrigerator door.
I have never been a fan of mandolines. Pushing food across a sharp blade seems a bit too treacherous for me. When I heard about the OXO Good Grips Julienne Peeler, I wanted to give this kitchen tool a try.
I love the OXO Good Grips Vegetable Peeler because it sits so comfortably in my hand. The Julienne Peeler is about the same size, but shorter.
Step 1. Peel a carrot with the Vegetable Peeler.
Step 2. Run the Julienne Peeler over the carrot. I used a fork to anchor one end of the carrot to the cutting board. The Julienne Peeler handled the carrot with ease, but as I reached the end of the carrot, the Peeler had a tendency to clog. The Julienne Peeler worked great on long objects, like carrots. For a short nub of ginger, I found it difficult to produce enough julienne ginger to make it worthwhile before the jamming problem cropped up.
Last weekend, I spotted All-Clad cookware for sale at Costco. Costco was selling a 1.5 qt All-Clad D5 brushed stainless steel saucepan for $49.99. The same product on Amazon is currently selling for $72.99.
Costco has the Snapware Glasslock 18 piece set in stock again for $29.99. If you have any concerns about reheating food in plastic, the Glasslock is an option. However, if you only want a lunch box, consider whether the set contains the right mix of containers in the sizes that you want.


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Characterization of increased persistence and intensity of precipitation in the northeastern United States
Guilbert, Justin, Betts, Alan K., Rizzo, Donna M., Beckage, Brian, Bomblies, Arne
Presents evidence of increasing persistence in daily precipitation in the northeastern United States that suggests that global circulation changes are affecting regional precipitation patterns
Analyzes meteorological data from 222 stations in 10 northeastern states—Connecticut, Delaware, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New York, Pennsylvania, Vermont, West Virginia, and the District of Columbia—using Markov chain parameter estimates to demonstrate that a significant mode of precipitation variability is the persistence of precipitation events
Finds that the largest region-wide trend in wet persistence (i.e., the probability of precipitation in 1 day and given precipitation in the preceding day) occurs in June (+0.9% probability per decade over all stations)
Finds that the study region is experiencing an increase in the magnitude of high-intensity precipitation events
Finds that the largest increases in the 95th percentile of daily precipitation occurred in April with a trend of +0.7 mm/d/decade
Discusses the implications of the observed precipitation signals for watershed hydrology and flood risk
Extreme Precipitation Increase

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


There are known knowns; things we know we know.
There are known unknowns; things we know we dont know.
The Japanese Nuclear Commission had the following goals set in 2003: "The mean value of acute fatality risk by radiation exposure resultant from an accident of a nuclear installation to individuals of the public, who live in the vicinity of the site boundary of the nuclear installation, should not exceed the probability of about 1x10⁻⁶ per year (that is , at least 1 per million years)".
Plus the disaster was only 66 years after 1945.
How reliable are probability estimates for real life systems?
"A deterministic system is a conceptual model of the philosophical doctrine of determinism applied to a system for understanding everything that has and will occur in the system, based on the physical outcomes of causality. In a deterministic system, every action, or cause, produces a reaction, or effect, and every reaction, in turn, becomes the cause of subsequent reactions. The totality of these cascading events can theoretically show exactly how the system will exist at any moment in time."
In a deterministic/mechanistic universe, all forces/variables/interrelationships operating in any system would be identifiable and quantifiable.
However, our universe is NOT a deterministic/mechanistic/discreet system in which cause effect relationships are known or knowable.
Probabilities of discrete systems like the throw of a dice or toss of a coin in which outputs are well defined, such probabilities are reliable.
But probabilities of real life systems, that are complex non discreet systems marked by non quantifiable "Emergents", systems in which all the forces/variables/interrelationships involved can never be known - such probabilities cannot be reliable.
• The probabilties associated with simple systems like the throw of a dice come with 100% certainty. The probability that any one side will show up is 1/6, and this cannot be disputed.
• A complex system consisting of thousands or millions of moving parts, electronics, human operators, weather conditions, is however a different ballgame. The probabilities calculated can never be certain, the subjectivity involved in the calculations is fundamentally unhandleable.
If we look for evidence of the above - we'll run into a lot of evidence.
The following are some examples of popular scientists/philosophers/mathematicians who's basic world view is Indeterminism. The Indeterminist cannot trust probability/uncertainty calculations for real life systems.
*Argued for indeterminism in complex systems.
• "If a guy tells me that the probability of failure is 1 in 10⁵, I know he's full of crap."
- Richard Feynman, Nobel Laureate commenting on the NASA Challenger disaster.
• "We don't know the probability. We don't have enough data, we don't have enough knowledge, we don't have reliable information."
- Benoit Mandelbrot, founding father of Fractal Mathematics, commenting on the complexity of global economics.
• "We should not talk about small probabilities in any domain. Science cannot deal with them. It is irresponsible to talk about small probabilities and make people rely on them, except for natural systems that have been standing for 3 billion years." - Nassim Taleb.
• "If you compute the frequency of a rare event and your survival depends on such event not taking place (such as nuclear events), then you underestimated that probability." - Nassim Taleb.
Passages from Subjectivity in Risk @ CSR.NCL.AC.UK by Felix Redmill.
• Risk values are arrived at via the process of risk analysis. In many quarters, this is assumed to be objective, and its results - the risk values - to be correct. Yet, as will be shown in subsequent sections of this report, all stages of the process involve subjectivity, in some cases to a considerable extent. Always there is reliance on judgement, and, as in all cases in which judgement is called for, there can be no guarantee that it will be made to a reasonable approximation, even by an expert. Indeed, it may be - and sometimes is - made by an inexperienced novice. The need for judgement introduces subjectivity and bias, and therefore uncertainty and the likelihood of inaccuracy.
The results obtained by one risk analyst are unlikely to be obtained by others starting with the same information.
Further, there is a natural impediment to arriving at 'correct' risk values. Although definitions of risk do not explicitly refer to time, the future is implicit in them.
• Thus, risk may be estimated but it cannot be measured (Gould et al 1988). Risk values cannot be assumed to be 'correct'.
• The decisions on how to define consequence, at both the definition-of-scope and analysis stages, are subjective. So too are the predictions of what the actual consequences might be.
• This omission of possible causes of failure (or dangerous failure, if safety is the main criterion) is not unusual and, no guarantee can be given that it has been avoided. It renders risk calculations spurious.
Few if any decisions in actual life are based on probabilities that are known with certainty.
• Strictly speaking, the only clear-cut cases of "risk" (known probabilities) seem to be idealized textbook cases that refer to devices such as dice, coins, or roulette wheels that are supposedly known with certainty to be fair. More typical real-life cases are characterized by uncertainty that does not, primarily, come with exact probabilities.
Hence, almost all decisions are decisions "under uncertainty". To the extent that we make decisions "under risk", this does not mean that these decisions are made under conditions of completely known probabilities. Rather, it means that we have chosen to simplify our description of these decision problems by treating them as cases of known probabilities.
This ubiquity of uncertainty applies also in engineering design. An engineer performing a complex design task has to take into account a large number of hazards and eventualities. Some of these eventualities can be treated in terms of probabilities; the failure rates of some components may for instance be reasonably well-known from previous experiences.
However, even when we have a good experience-based estimate of a failure rate, some uncertainty remains about the correctness of this estimate and in particular about its applicability in the context to which we apply it.
In addition, in every design process there are uncertainties for which we do not have good or even meaningful probability estimates.
This includes the ways in which humans will interact with new constructions. As one example of this, users sometimes "compensate" for improved technical safety by more risk-taking behaviour. Drivers are known to have driven faster or delayed braking when driving cars with better brakes. (Rothengatter 2002) It is not in practice possible to assign meaningful numerical probabilities to these and other human reactions to new and untested designs. It is also difficult to determine adequate probabilities for unexpected failures in new materials and constructions or in complex new software.
We can never escape the uncertainty that refers to the eventuality of new types of failures that we have not been able to foresee.
Of course, whereas reducing risk is obviously desirable, the same may not be said about the reduction of uncertainty. Strictly interpreted, uncertainty reduction is an epistemic goal rather than a practical one.
• Many of the most ethically important safety issues in engineering design refer to hazards that cannot be assigned meaningful probability estimates. It is appropriate that at least two of the most important strategies for safety in engineering design, namely safety factors and multiple safety barriers, deal not only with risk (in the standard, probabilistic sense of the term) but also with uncertainty.
Currently there is a trend in several fields of engineering design towards increased use of probabilistic risk analysis (PRA). This trend may be a mixed blessing since it can lead to a one-sided focus on those dangers that can be assigned meaningful probability estimates. PRA is an important design tool, but it is not the final arbitrator of safe design since it does not deal adequately with issues of uncertainty. Design practices such as safety factors and multiple barriers are indispensable in the design process, and so is ethical reflection and argumentation on issues of safety. Probability calculations can often support, but never supplant, the engineer's ethically responsible judgment.
- Safe Design by Sven Ove Hansson, Department of Philosophy and the History of Technology, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm.
• "Feynman was struck by management's claim that the risk of catastrophic malfunction on the shuttle was 1 in 105; i.e., 1 in 100,000. Feynman immediately realized that this claim was risible on its face; as he described, this assessment of risk would entail that NASA could expect to launch a shuttle every day for the next 274 years while suffering, on average, only one accident."
• Feynman was disturbed by two aspects of this practice. First, NASA management assigned a probability of failure to each individual bolt, sometimes claiming a probability of 1 in 108; that is, one in one hundred million. Feynman pointed out that it is impossible to calculate such a remote possibility with any scientific rigor. Secondly, Feynman was bothered not just by this sloppy science but by the fact that NASA claimed that the risk of catastrophic failure was "necessarily" 1 in 105. As the figure itself was beyond belief, Feynman questioned exactly what "necessarily" meant in this context—did it mean that the figure followed logically from other calculations, or did it reflect NASA management's desire to make the numbers fit?
• Feynman suspected that the 1/100,000 figure was wildly fantastical, and made a rough estimate that the true likelihood of shuttle disaster was closer to 1 in 100.


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Shanghai Ballet's Swan Lake
Apr 24, 2017 | Professional Theatre, Reviews | 0 |
The Shanghai Ballet swooped into Melbourne for five shows only with Derek Deane's Grand Version of Swan Lake. The story is told in four acts, and is a long show, often shown with two intervals depending on the running time. Deane's version of the show opens on Princess Odette, who is kidnapped by the wicked Rothbart, a half man, half bird, evil sorcerer, who transforms her into a swan and enslaves her. Meanwhile, preparations are under way for Prince Siegfried's birthday, who is reminded by his mother that he is now of marrying age and presented with a grand crossbow. Later in the day, Siegfried heads off to hunt a group of swans flying over head. Down by the lakeside, the Prince finds Odette, Queen of the Swans, and is captivated by her beauty. What follows is a cat and mouse game between Odette, the Prince and Rothbart, as he summons all of the swans to the lake to hide Odette, but she and the Prince find each other and swear their love and faithfulness (which is not the easiest thing to convey through dance, but is beautiful to watch).
Act 2 as the audience understands it (but part three of our story), following interval, opens on Siegfried's birthday party, a grand celebration and the most energetic and bright part of the show. Rothbart and his daughter Odile, disguised as the Swan Queen turn up, which delights Siegfried, but following the tricky, he breaks his pledge of love to Odette, as he swears to be faithful to Odile, not realizing the trickery. The evil sorcerer is jubilant and shows Odette that the Prince has broken his promise to her, and the act ends with him running out to search for Odette. He finds her in Act four down by the lake, and begs for her forgiveness. A fight between Rothbart and the Prince ensues, but Odette can take it no longer and throws herself into the lake, drowning. Siegfried follows her, and Rothbart is destroyed by the power of their love. Naturally, they sail off on a boat into the new dawn as happily ever after.
I explain this all because Swan Lake is a beautiful but exceptionally long, drawn out and sort of hard to follow ballet- a program to be your guide is mandatory. Important things like the Queen's arrival, present to Siegfried and discussion of marriage are displayed in a few comical, over the top gestures, pointing to the ring, and pointing to the Prince – we'd easier understand this if Beyonce explained it to us in her Single Ladies video clip. It's impossible to know in this show that Odette and Siegfried both drowned and the spell is broken – Odette can be free to be not a swan in the afterlife. No one ever said ballet made sense, but it is ever so beautiful.
The show has been multi-cast, so on opening night we had the pleasure of watching Ako Kondo (guest dancer from Japan and Principal at the Australian Ballet) as Odette/ Odile and Wu Husheng, Principal Dancer at the Shanghai Ballet, as Siegfried. Both impeccable, incredibly graceful performers who tackle Derek Deane's choreography with ease. Kondo is poise, graceful and flighty as the prima ballerina, with fantastic technique and her transformation into Odile, the Black Swan, is spectacular: a truly wonderful performer. Husheng is equally as talented and they make a dynamic pair, but Husheng is definitely more talented than the choreography he is given to work with, as are all of the male dancers in the show. They handle the movements almost lazily, and so Husheng and his male counterparts seem almost pantomime in comparison to the female ensemble and Kondo.
The female performers are a delight to watch, with serious form and incredible grace, and they look radiant and delighted to be on stage and to be performing here. The men are far less expressive but equally as talented, and the whole cast, particularly the ensemble has a slight case of sickled foot, where the foot is more curved than straight and pointed: it's something that's both dangerous and risks injury to the dancers but also looks a little sloppy. Without the emotional element to the show, only coming through some of the performers, it becomes harder to invest and follow the story. The Cygnet dance (dance des petites cygnes), possibly one of the most famous pieces of choreography in ballet , starts strong but perhaps due to nerves or lack of cues, the dancers anticipate too soon and end up at least two counts ahead of the music. They're still perfectly in sync and look delightful, with a strong connection between the four dancers Meng Fanyu, Hu Pingting, Ding Chengjun and Zhao Meici, but the whole dance is thrown off by the timing, with half the dance occurring out of sync with Tchaikovsky's beautiful music.
Costumes by Song Liang and Liu Li are absolutely divine and add splendor and grandeur to the whole piece, with rich, bright pieces that highlight the dancers movements, give them a good range of movement but are also stunning to look at.
With such an impressive and world renowned production crew, it's disappointing that the show has so much room for improvement. On a venue note, the stage hasn't been properly prepared for the dancers, leading to a rousing chorus of squeaks and scraping noises, and squeals on turns, particularly from the male dancers shoes but in the bigger swan numbers, even the point shoes make a huge amount of noise. It's not ignorable, and despite being incredibly beautiful and incredible to watch, the mystic of the entire show gets cheapened by squeaks and a nails down a chalk board feeling.
It's my first time at a big theatre, traditional ballet piece in as long as I can remember, and it's disappointing to say that audience behavior at The Regent Theatre on opening night was borderline disgusting. Talking through out the show, the entr'actes to each act, the set change music and just the whole way through it, photographing and filming the show with blatant disregard for copyright infringement – one woman in front of me was not only taking photos, videos and Snap Chats but she also had the gall to show her friend next to her that she got a good shot, and flick through the options- right in the middle of the show. About 4 people per break for applause were told off by ushers for various reasons, usually phone use. I turned around to shush the people behind me more than 5 times- both adults and children. Now we may be coming into winter, and given there are no words and singing in this ballet, but the whole audience will be coming down from something after the amount of coughing, spluttering and sniffing heard during the delightful dancing. I nearly turned around and threw a packet of tissues at the lady behind me: if you're sick, don't make everyone else sick, cover your mouth and be discreet, I don't need someone who is enjoying the ballet so much that she is leaned forward in her chair sniffing for 3 hours in my ear.
The stunning ballet plays in Melbourne for five shows only, closing 24th April. More information: https://www.shanghaiballet.com.au/
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HomeArchitectureNews
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"It is very difficult to build contemporary architecture in Italy" – Fabio Novembre
See more design and architecture movies on Dezeen: http://www.dezeen.com/features/movies/
Dezeen and MINI World Tour: in our final movie with Fabio Novembre in Milan, the architect and designer takes us to a new development in the Porta Nuova district of the city and explains why the project is so unusual in Italy.
Porta Nuova is an area in Milan to the north of the city centre named after a nineteenth century gate in the old city walls. In 2009, construction started on the Progetto Porta Nuova redevelopment project, which includes a large park and a number of high rise buildings by prominent architects such as César Pelli and Stefano Boeri.
Read the full article on Dezeen: http://www.dezeen.com/2013/07/10/fabio-novembre-porta-nuova-contemporary-architecture-milan-italy/
Architect Interviews
Portfolio Tutorials
Architect's Design Process : Modern Barn Studio Part II – Elevations
TEDxWarsaw – Mark Krawczyński – Architecture and national identity
363: Industrial Design for the Built Environment with Billings Jackson Design
A New Architect Business Model: Do Good, Make Money, and Design Like You Give A Damn with Roy Decker
379: Creative Entrepreneurship with Maryline Damour


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text:
Café Haberland
History in the Bayerisches Viertel
Remembering the past
Contemporary history portal »Café Haberland«
Proceeding from plans by Salomon and Georg Haberland, the founder and the director of the Berlinische Boden-Gesellschaft (property development company) a luxurious residential district – Bayerisches Viertel – arose in just a few years in northern Schöneberg. Amidst the decorative squares and front gardens, the developers company erected splendidly furnished rented properties. The district became a centre of attraction for renowned lawyers and doctors, scientists, artists and literary figures, many of whom came from the liberal Jewish middle class.
After the National Socialists came to power, Jewish residents were disenfranchised, forced to emigrate, or murdered. To counter National Socialist expansion during the Second World War, Great Britain and the USA entered a coalition with the Soviet Union. The bombing raids on Berlin destroyed more than half of the properties in Bayerisches Viertel.
After the National Socialist German Reich capitulated, the anti-Hitler coalition fell apart. Germany and Berlin were divided. Reconstruction began. Until German unity in 1990, Rathaus Schöneberg, the famous town hall, was the West Berlin seat of government.
Christmas singing and Hanukkah celebrations at Bayerischer Platz have to be cancelled
App »Places of Remembrance«
U-Bahnhof Bayerischer Platz
10779 Berlin-Schöneberg
(U4, U7)
Daily 11:30 a.m. until 11:30 p.m.
Barrier-free access to the exhibition
info@quartierbayerischerplatz.de
Bezirksamt Schöneberg von Berlin, Wirtschaftsförderung
URBANIS GmbH
Stiftung Deutsche Klassenlotterie
Quartier Bayerischer Platz e.V.
Der Tagesspiegel – News from the neighbourhood
Kiezblog Bayerisches Viertel bayerischesviertel@tagesspiegel.de
#BayerischesViertel
© 2014 – 2021 Berliner Forum für Geschichte und Gegenwart e.V.


text:
Hotlanta Soccer
MLS from across the pond…
Tag «Miles Robinson»
Frank De Boer Praises Robinson after USMNT Debut
Miles Robinson says that he will try to keep his feet on the ground even after receiving a USMNT call up for the recent set of international games. That landed at the centre back has been enjoying a remarkable 2019 campaign after breaking through into the first-team. He made his debut for the US national …
Hotlanta Soccer © 2021


One of the most unique aspects of our company is that we offer an all inclusive design and build package. Our products go from the drafting board to the mill all on the same property. This allows us to work closely, efficiently, and accurately on all our projects. We will build a close relationship with each project and its designers and will see the project through its installation on site.
The Beamery has a variety of products and services that it can offer any project. We can provide structural decking for a more historic floor or ceiling, flooring from freshly cut or reclaimed wood products, custom trim and mouldings, structural enclosure systems, even furniture and custom craft design elements. You name it we will build it!
Our design team can provide a series of design drawings, renderings, and construction documents as needed for the project. If desired, we can offer firms full construction drawings that can be placed into the firms template. which helps share the work load of the project. We work to insure that our drawings meet the highest standards both in presentation and information.
As fellow design professionals we understand the importance of design concept. Therefore, we meet with you to discuss the "big idea" of the project to develop a better understanding of the design. The earlier we are involved in the project the better. Remember that no project is to big or too small and complexity is no issue. A common misunderstanding of timber frames is that they have to be symmetrical or rigid in form. This is not the case and in fact we have several projects that are very organic in nature.
The design team at The Beamery collaborates with architects, designers, and builders on multiple occassions who are looking to add heavy timber products into the design of the home, business, or structure. We want to help you make your design goals possible! Therefore, we will work with your company to design a timber frame product that fits the needs of the design. Collaboration on projects early in the design process allows us to make suggestions based on our experience in order to make your project a success!


When you're in Columbia whether for game day, business or pleasure, stop by Big T's for old-fashion, pit-cooked barbecue. Order yours over a bed of rice smothered in mild or hot mustard-based sauce, with hash over rice or with a couple slabs of ribs. (The sauce is so good that they bottle it for sale in local grocery stores.) You can't resist the macaroni, collard greens, mustard greens, green beans or potato salad. And your meal isn't complete without the mouthwatering, homemade desserts. Here's what you may find on the dessert menu: red velvet, lemon, pound, chocolate layer and triple chocolate cakes; banana pudding and peach cobbler. Big T's also serves fish, oxtails, fried chicken and sandwiches. Dine in or carry out.
In 2013, Big T's Bar-B-Que was nominated for the Steve Harvey Hoodie Award for Best BBQ Restaurant.
Full service hotel located in the heart of downtown Columbia. Walking distance to USC, State Capitol, Koger Center, Metropolitan Convention Center, Colonial Life Arena, Five Points and the Vista, directly across the street from the Coliseum.


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Q: folder "__MACOSX " creating problem Folder "__MACOSX" creating problem.
I am doing something with my document directory folders , but there "__MACOSX" folder create problem .
when user download application from app store . is it creating also in document directory ?
if its creating then what is the solution to solve this ?
please help.

A: The simple answer is to create a blacklist of files or file patterns that you should ignore. A lot of programs have to do this, because it is not uncommon for operating systems to create extraneous files that the user will not care about (e.g. ".DS_Store", "Thumbs.db", "whatever.bak", etc.). You cannot prevent the OS or other programs from creating extra, secret book-keeping or garbage files -- not without potentially breaking things, so just leave them be and remember to ignore them.

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text:
October 2, 2015 October 2, 2015 Sarah Kay Bierle
They Bought Manhattan For How Much?
New York, NY – Modern Times
Have you been to downtown New York, NY? Manhattan Island is a whirl of taxi cabs, skyscrapers, shopping, theaters, hot dog carts, subways, the media, etc. etc. etc. It's almost frightful to discover the price of real estate there…but once upon a time some Dutch colonists made the best bargain ever. (Except they didn't know it at the time!)
Introducing our new blog series for October 2015 – "Founding Colonies." I'm so excited to share some fun stories about the earlier colonial settlers who came to America! The title of the series conveys the idea of the colonies which founded the United States through the American War for Independence, and the history of the actual "I claim and settle this land" as the colonies were established.
Here's our first story of a colony…New York.
The Dutch?
Yes, absolutely. It wasn't just the English who wanted to colonize the New World. (In fact, the Spanish had a huge head start with their colonizing efforts in Central and South America.)
The Dutch are a people group that we Americans sometimes forget about in our world history studies, but in the 1600 and 1700's they were a powerful nation. Ever heard of the Dutch East India Company? The trade empire of this European country was amazing and global…and they rivaled the British.
In 1609, Henry Hudson (an Englishman hired by the Dutch) explored the New York coastline and in 1621 the Dutch West India Company had received the rights from the government to colonize the land.
The colonial agent – Peter Minuit – bought Manhattan Island from the local Native Americans. The form of payment? Trinkets, beads, and rum. The sum? $24.
1685 Map of New Netherland, marked mostly in gold. (Public Domain)
The Settlements
New settlements were built in the wilderness along the Delaware and Hudson Rivers and were called the colony of New Netherland. Fort Orange and New Amsterdam were particularly successful. This colony offered religious freedom to all.
The Rival?
While the Dutch colonized the New York/New Jersey area, to the south in the Delaware area the Swedes were starting their own colony. Fort Christina was the first successful Swedish settlement in America. However, lack of growth made New Sweden an easy target and it was eventually assimilated into New Netherland. No rivals here.
A Faulty System
The Dutch adopted a unique method for bringing people to their colony. Unfortunately, it didn't allow for much political freedom.
The system is called "the patroon system" and here's how it worked. The Dutch West India Company granted land to deserving landowners who were called patroons. However, in order to fulfill his part of the bargain the patroon had to bring 50 other people to the New Netherland with him. The patroon became a little dictator, instructing his 50 people how to settle and work his land.
In many ways, the patroon system was a modernized version of the feudal system from the Middle Ages. It didn't promote much unity and the patroon's working folk didn't get a say in the government of their homeland.
New Netherland Becomes New York
The English had also been busy in the New World, and, by the mid-1600's had well-established colonies to the north and south of New Netherland. Remember the rivalry between the Dutch and English, stemming from trading rights? Something was going to have to give…because that Dutch colony was right in the middle of England's colonial expansion.
To make New Netherland even more desirable to the English, the Dutch already had a prosperous fur trade started in the area, and they controlled one of the best harbors on the Atlantic coast.
Well, it happened that in 1664, just as conflict between England and Holland was imminent in the European sphere, the king of England (Charles II) gave his brother (the Duke of York) a gift. The present was New Netherlands in America, and, to make the gift even nicer, the king renamed the land New York.
Warships flying the British flag appeared off the coast of New Netherland. Peter Stuyvesant – the Dutch governor and a feisty man with a wooden leg – stamped around preaching that he'd never surrender. However, the residents of New Netherland were more sensible (or more frightened of the British guns) and refused to fight. The Dutch were allowed to stay in their homes and retain their property…and thus, peaceably, New Netherlands became New York.
British Colony to State
For a while in the colonial period, the New Yorkers were frustrated at the lack of representative government. They weren't keen on the idea of the duke across the pond telling them what to do. It got worse when the Duke of York inherited the throne and became James II. New York seemed stuck as a royal colony, with little say in it's destiny.
Then came the Glorious Revolution in England (1688). James II fled for his life and King William and Queen Mary were crowned. These new monarchs decided to keep New York's status as royal colony, but granted that colony the right to have a representative assembly. The colony flourished and prospered.
The American War for Independence brought challenges to the colony. A state government was set up in 1776, and a governor was elected. The representatives from New York in the Continental Congress were the only ones not to vote for independence; the representatives had not been authorized to take that measure and did not feel it was right to overstep the directions they'd been given. However, New York did endorse the Declaration of Independence. About 1/3 of the battles of the war were fought in New York and there was also civilian conflict since many of the settlers retained loyalist sympathies.
After winning independence, America struggled. Alexander Hamilton, a New Yorker, advocated for a stronger government and was one of the state's representatives at the Constitutional Convention. New York was the 11th state to ratify the constitution.
The huge metropolis of NYC stands on Manhattan Island…the site of the a Dutch settlement in New Netherlands…on land that was once purchased for $24… My, how time changes value!
P.S. So…what would you buy with $24?
(I'm voting for a new book…of course…I'm usually predictable…)
American War for Independence
Manhattan Island
New Netherland
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With Gladness: Colonial Christmas | Gazette665 says:
[…] were eventually acquiesced to the English . (You can find blog posts about the founding history of New York, Rhode Island, Pennsylvania, Maryland, and […]


Parallel with the existing N19 between Kasterlee and Geel, a new road was laid for through traffic, consisting mainly of freight. This new road connects in the north with the existing N19g- N123 intersection in Kasterlee and in the south with the new intersection with the Geel ringroad.
With the new road intended only for through traffic, there are no connections with the existing roads crossing it. To permit continuing east-west traffic, a number of the existing roads run through tunnels under the N19g.
In the reconstruction process, the entrances and exits to the E313 with the adjacent intersections were combined into two large roundabouts, with through traffic between Geel and Westerlo passing by bridge over the northern roundabout.
A new bridge was built over the Albert Canal, taking into account the plans to widen the canal. The new bridge over the canal connects to the northern roundabout.
The intersection of the N19 with the Hertalseweg was also rebuilt.
Click on www.noordzuidkempen.be/terugblik to access our our special look-back page, an attractive digital souvenir. On it you will find info and photos of the milestones of the North-South Kempen project, with a film in which we take you through the building of the flyover in less than a minute. The pictures come from the webcam on the Geel-West water tower. In this way we look back in time. Definitely worth it.


text:
Farsália é um poema épico escrito pelo poeta latino Lucano. Trouxe várias inovações para a épica, destacadamente a ausência de intervenções divinas e o tratamento de assuntos históricos. Lucano compôs a Farsália explicitamente em oposição à Eneida, tanto pela forma como pelo conteúdo e as posições políticas assumidas pelo autor.

Estrutura da obra
Quando foi condenado ao suicídio, Lucano ainda não havia terminado a obra que, portanto, ficou incompleta: é provável que Lucano planejasse um épico de doze cantos (como a Eneida), mas só chegou a escrever dez.

Assunto
O poema conta a história das guerras civis que precederam a queda da República romana, travadas entre os partidários de César e Pompeu e que terminou com a vitória de César, definida na batalha em Farsália.

Lucano posiciona-se como fortemente republicano, pintando César com cores sombrias ao mesmo tempo em que retrata Catão de Útica como herói político. Demonstra pessimismo quanto ao futuro de Roma, uma vez que os defensores da República foram derrotados.

Lucano constrói a sua épica polemizando explicitamente com a epopeia modelo da literatura latina: a Eneida. Polemiza com Virgílio não só a lamentar a queda da República e pintar com cores negativas a gens Iulia da qual descendera Augusto, mas também ao subverter vários aspectos formais da épica (estabelecidos pela Eneida).

Personagens
Os principais personagens do poema são:
 Júlio César (general que se tornará ditador);
 Pompeu Magno (respeitado general aposentado que tomará a frente dos exércitos que defenderão a república da pretensões tirânicas de César);
 Catão de Útica (Defensor da República romana);
 Sexto Pompeu (filho de Pompeu Magno);
 Cícero (apoiador de Catão);
 Cornélia (esposa de Pompeu).

Traduções em língua portuguesa
Em 2011 foi publicada uma tradução parcial da Farsália: tradução dos cinco primeiros cantos por Bruno V. G. Vieira.

Primeira tradução integral em língua portuguesa coordenada por Luís Manuel Gaspar Cerqueira em 2020

A Epopeia Histórica
A tradição épica que vigorou em Roma de Névio a Virgílio como "modelo" teria sido a Epopeia Histórica. Esse subgênero prioriza os fatos e as descrições históricas (res gestae) em detrimento do mítico (fabula), embora o último, como característica, não seja apagado do Épico, mas funcione como um adorno. Virgílio e seus contemporâneos rompem com essa tradição - o que faz Vieira o considerar mais original do que Lucano, uma vez que este denomina sua obra inclusive de "romana carmina", apesar de radicalizar as res gestae (e aí sim Vieira vê um traço de originalidade - com seu carmen meonium (em referência a Meônia, suposta cidade em que nasceu Homero).

Literatura da Roma Antiga
Poesia épica
Júlio César
Cleópatra

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Q: How can I maximize matplotlib charts in Windows 10 with Python 3.10.6 and custom 150% dpi? There is a lot of answers on StackOverflow but any refer to current Python and current Windows 10. I tested this solutions with many variations but it not works on Windows.
There is many answers on StackOverflow which is obsolete for example for Python 2.7.x which is rare and history by now.
How to maximize charts on Windows 10 with Python 3.10.x?
from matplotlib import pyplot
figure, axes = pyplot.subplots(5, 2, constrained_layout=True)
manager = figure.canvas.manager
manager.window.state('zoomed')
pyplot.show()

Windows is maximized but chart draw overscreen/canvas - I do not see some right part.
Same is here:
from matplotlib import pyplot
figure, axes = pyplot.subplots(5, 2, constrained_layout=True)
manager = figure.canvas.manager
width = manager.window.winfo_screenwidth()
height = manager.window.winfo_screenheight()
manager.window.geometry(f'{width}x{height}+0+0')
pyplot.show()

When I do maximize manually it works :)
What is wrong with program?


text:
\section{Introduction}

Neutron scattering is a very powerful tool to study condensed matter physics. The general principle of a neutron scattering experiment is to send an intense neutron beam onto a sample and observe in which directions neutrons come out. If the neutron wavelength (given by the de Broglie equation) is of the same order as the lattice parameters of a crystal, neutron diffraction (ND) becomes possible following Bragg's law. The interaction between the neutron spin and the spins of unpaired electrons is rather strong, so magnetic diffraction can be readily performed in order to reveal the magnetic ordering within solids, regardless of the complexity of such order\cite{book_chatterji}. Thanks to recent instrumental progress\cite{filtrage_Gauss3D}, measurements on small samples (like e.g. epitaxial thin films) have recently become much easier. In particular, the systematic study of antiferromagnetic epitaxial thin films is now possible\cite{tricouches_Cr,APL_aimantation_surf,these_Max}.

Moreover, the energy of the so called cold and thermal neutrons used for diffraction is also of the order than the energy of excitations of solids, such as phonons and magnons. Inelastic neutron scattering (INS) measurements then provide direct information about these excitations. This kind of studies is now essentially performed on bulk samples, but will become much easier on thin films with the development of the new generation of time of flight machines. Finally, by using longer wavelength and building instruments dedicated to small angle or reflectivity measurements, it is possible to study larger scale structures, with characteristic lengths in the tens of nm range, which is the realm of nanomagnetism.
In order to widen the range of possible experiments, the Laboratoire L\'eon Brillouin (LLB) wishes to develop a vector magnet with a wide aperture, which would be used as a sample environment on all LLB instruments relevant for magnetism studies.

The paper is organised as follows: section \ref{sec:problematic} describes the problematic leading us to the design of a vector magnet, first by mentioning the existing measurement geometries (sec. \ref{sec:existing_geometries}) and by stating the practical interests of a vector magnet for neutron scattering studies (sec. \ref{sec:practical_interests}). Section \ref{sec:magn_concept} describes the magnetic concept we have designed: we explain the rationale leading to the original design (sec.\ref{sec:config}), then describe the shielding used to limit the stray field (sec. \ref{sec:stray_field})then display the analytical calculations we performed to optimise the field homogeneity (sec. \ref{sec:homogeneity}), and discuss the compatibility of the magnet with polarized neutron scattering experiments (sec. \ref{sec:polarized}).  Finally, section \ref{sec:tech_desc} provides a technical description of the magnet: cold mass (sec. \ref{sec:cold_mass}), cryostat (sec. \ref{sec:cryostat}) and electrical circuit (sec. \ref{sec:electrical_circuit}).

\section{problematic: neutron scattering under magnetic field}
\label{sec:problematic}
\subsection{Existing geometries}
\label{sec:existing_geometries}

\begin{figure}
	\centering
	\centering \epsfig{file=fig1.eps,width=.8\linewidth}
	\caption{Neutron diffraction under magnetic field, vertical geometry. The red arrow corresponds to the magnetic field, and $\mathbf{k_{in}}$ and $\mathbf{k_{out}}$ corresponds to the wave vector of the incident and diffracted beam, respectively. The scattering vector is designated by $\mathbf q$. The $x$, $y$ and $z$ directions indicated on the figure give the convention used in the remainder of this paper.}
\label{fig:geom1}
\end{figure}

Given the high sensitivity of neutron scattering measurements to magnetic ordering, magnetic excitations and magnetic domains, the possibility to apply a magnetic field is a rather standard requirement for sample environments used on neutron instruments. While the measurement geometry does not put too stringent constraints on the magnet design in the case of small angle scattering and reflectivity measurements, this is no longer true for diffraction or inelastic measurements: in this case the diffraction angle is rather large (typically from 10 to 120\degr), and in practical designs the objective is to let the horizontal plane containing the incident beam (called the diffraction plane hereafter) as free of geometrical obstacle as possible. Two distinct geometries are widely used:
\begin{itemize}
  \item Vertical field (see FIG. 1) : the sample is mounted on a vertical sample rod, and can rotate around a vertical axis. In this case, the field direction is set by the sample mounting (the field can be rather large, up to 10 T at LLB), and the diffraction plane is almost free of obstacles (typically three sectors, of 20\degr each, are off limits). The part of the reciprocal space accessible during the measurement is thus determined by the direction along which the field should be applied, and is not necessarily optimal for the diffraction or INS measurements.

  \item Horizontal field (see FIG. 2): a set of coils (usually electromagnets) are used to apply the field in a horizontal direction, the sample rotating around a vertical axis. This geometry adds a lot of constraints since large sectors of the diffraction plane are obstructed. If the magnet has a rotation around a vertical axis independent of the rotation of the sample, the field can theoretically be placed along any direction of the plane, put the strong geometrical constraints are often incompatible with setting the sample in diffraction conditions.

\end{itemize}

\begin{figure}
	\centering
	\centering \epsfig{file=fig2.eps,width=.8\linewidth}
	\caption{Neutron diffraction under magnetic field, horizontal geometry. The notations are the same as in figure \ref{fig:geom1}.}
\label{fig:geom2}
\end{figure}

Another type of magnet might be used for neutron scattering experiments: spherical polarimetry experiments require a small guide field to place the spins of the incident neutrons along particular directions. The guide fields need not to be strong (a few mT is usually sufficient to keep the neutron beam polarization) so these small vector magnets are usually made of a set of Helmholtz coils, without soft magnet core. These devices are thus limited to near zero field measurements and restrict the parts of the diffraction plane that are available.

\subsection{Practical interests of a vector magnet}
\label{sec:practical_interests}

The practical benefits of a wide aperture vector magnet can be listed as follows

\begin{itemize}
  \item Precise application of the magnetic field: with the systems now in use, it is difficult to obtain a misalignment of less than a few degrees between the actual field direction and the crystallographic direction along which it should be applied. This misalignment would become vanishingly small with a vector magnet, which would allow measurements on sample with large magnetic anisotropy. This is particularly important in the emerging field of antiferromagnetic spintronics, where anisotropy phenomena play a key role\cite{nmat_park,nmat_marti}
  \item 	Field cooling of samples: by applying a field along a carefully chosen direction of the sample under investigation during its cooling below its magnetic transition temperature, it is possible to obtain a single-domain sample. A vector magnet would thus allow to overcome the detrimental effects of domains\cite{JPCC_Lenertz}, which are twofold: it makes the analysis of the data much more complex (to the point of making it impossible in many cases) and, if the domains are smaller than the coherence length of the beam, it broadens the magnetic peaks (since the area of the peak is constant, this in turn lower the peak intensity, which can then be lost in the measurement noise)
  \item 	Optimization of the dataset: using a 1D vertical field requires choosing the sample orientation with respect to the magnetic field only, as explained above. The part of the reciprocal space accessible during the measurement (which is a cylinder which height is given by the vertical aperture of the coils) may not be the best choice in terms of diffraction (number of Bragg peaks accessible) or inelastic scattering (diffraction plane available) measurements if other sample orientations provide more information. This restriction does not exist with a vector magnet.
  \item 	Local anisotropy measurements: this type of measurement\cite{JPCM_gukasov_brown} are already performed at LLB\cite{PRL_Cao_local_susceptibility}, but require putting the sample out of the magnet, and gluing it again in a new orientation. This procedure is time consuming (typically one or two days of beam time lost for each supplementary orientation) but can be even more detrimental in the case of fragile samples\cite{AC_Ridier,JACS_Ridier}, which may not survive a warming up. A vector magnet would make such experiments much easier and widen the class of appropriate samples to the fragile ones.
  \item 	Polarized neutrons experiments under moderate fields: there is now a gap in the magnetic fields usable for experiments using polarized neutron beams at neutron scattering facilities. In this case, a magnetic field is required on all the path of the incident and (when relevant) scattered beam to keep the beam polarization. This guiding field needs not to be large (a few mT) but it has to vary smoothly. This can be done either by using small vector magnets (for near-zero field experiments) or by using the stray field of large cryomagnets. In this case the field applied to the sample has to be large enough to produce a sufficient stray field, the lower bound being typically 0.5 T. A vector magnet would close this gap (see sec. \ref{sec:polarized} for details).

\end{itemize}

\section{Magnetic concept}
\label{sec:magn_concept}
\subsection{Configuration}

Vector magnets tend to be a combination of the configurations described in FIGS. \ref{fig:geom1} and \ref{fig:geom2}, the vertical component of the field being sometimes produced by a single solenoid placed above the sample. This is not well adapted to neutron scattering experiments, since the diffraction plane is occupied by two sets of coils, making the situation worse than the one depicted on figure \ref{fig:geom2}.

\begin{figure}
	\centering \epsfig{file=fig3.eps,width=.8\linewidth}
	\caption{Field lines produced by a set of four coils with vertical axes, in series/opposition so as to generate a purely horizontal field at the center of the coil quartet. The map represents a vertical cross section of the coil quartet, with the diffraction plane in the middle. The coils are represented by the black rectangles. The color of the field lines are proportional to the field intensity, and the arrows indicates the field direction.}
\label{fig:field_lines}
\end{figure}

The main idea behind the WAVE magnet concept\cite{brevet_US} is to use sets of superconducting coils with \textit{vertical} axes to generate the \textit{horizontal} components of the magnetic field. More precisely, consider sets of 4 coils, two above and two below the diffraction plane. If the currents amplitude are equal in the four coils, and their signs are set as shown on FIG. \ref{fig:field_lines}, the stray field on the center zone of the quartet of coils is horizontal, so it can be used to produce the $B_x$ and $B_y$ components of the field. A possibility would thus be to use a set of 4$K$ independent coils to generate a magnetic field in an arbitrary direction. In this simple configuration, each of the 4$K$ would have to be provided with its own power supply capable of delivering a current in the range $\pm I_0$, which would make the design more complex and much more expansive.

We chose a so called \textit{hybrid} configuration to decrease significantly the number of power supplies. In the hybrid solution, the 4$K$ coils (noted $B_{xy}$ coils hereafter are used for the horizontal components of the generated field, so it is sufficient to have $K$ power supplies which will be connected to those parts of coils in series-opposition of four. Another set of two pairs of coaxial coils (noted the $B_z$  coils in the following) is used to generate the vertical component of the field (hence the hybrid configuration). Each pair is symmetric with respect the $xOy$  plane and their currents flow in opposite senses around $Oz$  for actively shielding the stray field.

A possible layout for the WAVE magnet is thus given on FIG \ref{fig:config}. In principle, two quartets of coils are sufficient to generate the horizontal field components but we explored solutions with $K$ quartets of coils, and found that $K=3$ configurations have significant advantages in terms of field homogeneity, angular acceptance and compatibility with polarized neutron measurements. In this configuration, only 4 power supplies are needed.

\begin{figure}
	\centering
	\centering \epsfig{file=fig4.eps,width=.8\linewidth}
	\caption{Possible configuration for the WAVE magnet. The 3 quartets of coils used to generate the horizontal field are represented in green, while the Helmholtz coi pair is represented in orange. The blue coils are used for active shielding (see sec. \ref{sec:stray_field}).}
\label{fig:config}
\end{figure}

\label{sec:config}
\subsection{Stray field and shielding}
\label{sec:stray_field}

Stray field generated by the device has to be taken into account at the early stages of the design, since it can be troublesome for the electrical motors included or close to the device. The motor used in standard neutron diffractometers can withstand rather significant fields, but this is not the case of cryocoolers required to cool the sample to be investigated or, in our case, the superconducting coils. The WAVE magnet is designed so that the field at the cryocoolers positions never exceeds 3 mT. This is not a stringent requirement for the $B_{xy}$ coils, given their mounting in series/opposition, and no specific precaution is needed in this case. This is no longer true for the $B_z$ coils. In this case we use {\it active shielding}, namely a second set of coils with the same axis and center as the first, dimensioned so that the total dipole moment of both sets of coils cancels out together with the second degree term of the central field harmonic expansion which achieves the required field homogeneity in the sample zone (see \ref{sec:hom_vert_field}).  This does not require another power supply since both coils are mounted in series.

\subsection{Field homogeneity}
\label{sec:homogeneity}
A specific aspect of neutron scattering measurements is that the sample can be rather large (up to 10 mm long, sometimes even more), and that the neutron beam is also large (typically 20$\times$10 mm). The field homogeneity requirements are thus more stringent than for techniques using smaller beams such as x-ray based techniques (the vertical size of a synchrotron-generated beam is at most 100 $\mu$m, and it can be focused to much smaller sizes) or magneto-optical Kerr effect (the laser beam diameter is about 1 mm, much less for MOKE imaging).

\subsubsection{Analytical protocol}

Optimization of the field homogeneity was obtained through analytical calculations, of which we will give the main ingredients here. We use the scalar pseudo potential $V^\star$ as a calculus intermediary to obtain the magnetic field using the relation:

\begin{equation}\label{eq:pseudo_V}
  \vec B = \mu_0\overrightarrow{\mathrm{grad}}V^\star
\end{equation}

Since $V^\star$ is a solution of the Laplace equation, it can be expressed in spherical coordinates using a fairly general equation:

\begin{equation}\label{eq:spher_harm}
  V^\star=\frac{1}{\mu_0}\sum_{l=1}^{+\infty}\sum_{m=-l}^l \left(\frac{\alpha_l^m}{r^{l+1}}+\beta_l^m r^l\right)Y_l^m(\theta,\varphi)
\end{equation}
with $\alpha_l^m$ and $\beta_l^m$ being constants, and $Y_l^m$ corresponding to the spherical harmonics. In our case, this development will be used at or near the origin, so all the $\alpha_l^m$ shall be zero since $V^\star$ is finite. We can thus write:
\begin{eqnarray}\label{eq:def_Vstar}
  V^\star(r,\theta,\varphi)=\sum_{l=0}^{+\infty}\sum_{m=0}^lV_l^mr^lY_l^m(\theta,\varphi)\\
  \label{eq:def_B}
B(r,\theta,\varphi)=\sum_{l=0}^{+\infty}\sum_{m=0}^lB_l^mr^lY_l^m(\theta,\varphi)
\end{eqnarray}

Equation \ref{eq:pseudo_V} allows us to easily give the relation between the $V_l^m$ and the $B_l^m$

\begin{equation}\label{eq:rel_Vlm-Blm}
  B_l^m=\frac 12\left(V_{l+1}^{m-1}-(l+m+1)(l+m+2)V_{l+1}^{m+1}\right)
\end{equation}

\subsubsection{Coils for vertical field components}
\label{sec:hom_vert_field}

Each coil is an $Oz$  axis toroid of rectangular section (inner radius $a_1$, outer radius $a_2$, lower axial end $b_1$ , upper axial end $b_2$ ) carrying a uniform azimuthal current density $j_0$. A first pair of coils $(a_1,a_2,b_1,b_2,j_0)$ and $(a_1,a_2,-b_2,-b_1,j_0)$ symmetrical with respect the $xOy$  plane generates a central axial field $B_0$ . A second coaxial pair located further from the center $(a_1^\prime,a_2^\prime,b_1^\prime,b_2^\prime,-j_0)$ and $(a_1^\prime,a_2^\prime,-b_2^\prime,-b_1^\prime,-j_0)$ generates a negative central field $B^\prime_0$, with sign opposite to $B_0$. The 8 geometrical parameters and the absolute value of the current density $j_0$ result from a nonlinear optimization process minimizing the volume of the superconducting windings under dimensional constraints and nonlinear magnetic constraints.
The dimensional constraints consists in setting $b_1$  for allowing the required free central space and the outer coils dimensions $a^\prime_2$ and $b^\prime_2$ since the superconducting volume tends to decrease when these dimensions increase, which is quite counter intuitive.
The magnetic constraints are the value of the central field coefficient $(B_0+B_0^\prime)/j_0$ and the cancellation of both the total dipole moment and the second degree coefficient of the central axial field expansion as a function of $z$ , the inhomogeneity being thus governed by the fourth degree one. Analytical expressions are known for these three nonlinear constraints as functions of the 8 geometrical parameters and the 5 unknown ones result from a standard nonlinear constraint optimization process.
The actual design of the coils must then take into account the usual parameters for superconducting coils (critical current, peak field, electromagnetic stresses).

\subsubsection{Coils for horizontal field components}

We consider a set of $N$ pairs of identical coaxial axisymmetric coils the axis of which is parallel to $Oz$ at a distance $a_0$. These $N$ axes are regularly distributed around $Oz$   with azimuths $\varphi_j=2\pi j/N$, with $j=0,1,...,N-1$ . The two coils of a pair are geometrically symmetrical with respect the $xOy$  plane, the upper coil carrying a current intensity $I_j$  and the lower one the opposite $-I_j$.

The first problem is to find the distribution of intensities $I_j$ leading to a total maximum field

   \begin{equation}\label{eq:defBHorz}
     \vec B = \sum_{j=0}^{N-1}\vec B_j=B_0\vec u_0
   \end{equation}

at the center $O$ of the magnet, in the direction $(Ox,\vec u_0)=\varphi_0$  of the $xOy$ plane. This distribution must satisfy the two following equations:

\begin{eqnarray}
  \sum_{j=0}^{N-1}I_j\sin\left(\varphi_0-j \frac{2\pi}{N}\right)&=&0 \\
  \sum_{j=0}^{N-1}I_j\cos\left(\varphi_0-j \frac{2\pi}{N}\right)&=&GB_0
\end{eqnarray}
where $G$  is a geometrical factor characteristic of the geometry of a single coil. Achieving any direction $\varphi_0$ requires $N\geq 3$ but given $\varphi_0$, $G$  and $B_0$  one gets an infinity of solutions among which the "best" one must be chosen. To that purpose we use the p-norm of the vector of intensities:

\begin{equation}\label{eq:def_pnorm}
  \|\vec I\|_p=\left(\sum_{j=0}^{N-1}|I_j|^p\right)^{\frac 1 p}
\end{equation}

Minimizing the 1-norm (which corresponds tu current carrying capacity) would be the best solution for superconducting magnets but the corresponding mathematical analysis is highly complicated and does not lead to an analytical solution of the homogeneity problem. The same difficulty arises for the $\infty$-norm (maximum intensity) while the Euclidean one (the 2-norm) leads to a simple elegant solution:

\begin{equation}\label{eq:expr_Iopt}
  I_j=\frac{2GB_0}N \cos\left(\varphi_0-j \frac{2\pi}{N}\right)
\end{equation}

One can easily verify that this expression gives a value of the 1-norm very close to its true minimum which can only be obtained by a numerical analysis.
Using this simple law for the distribution of intensities, one can get the spherical harmonic expansion (SHE) of the total field in the central empty region from that of its scalar potential. This expansion for the single upper magnet, in the case where $j=0$ and $\varphi_0=0$ reads:

\begin{equation}\label{eq:expr_Vstar}
  \frac{V^\star}{\mu_0I_0}=\sum_{\ell=1}^{+\infty}r^\ell\left[Z_\ell P_\ell(\cos\theta)+\sum_{m=1}^\ell X_\ell^mP_\ell^m(\cos\theta)\cos m\varphi\right]
\end{equation}

where $P_\ell$ are Legendre polynomials of degree $\ell$  and $P_\ell^m$  are associated Legendre functions of degree $\ell$ and order $m$  with $P_1^1(\cos\theta)=\sin\theta$. The coefficients $Z_\ell$  and $X_\ell^m$ depend on $a_0$ and on the geometrical parameters of the coil.

A simple, yet tedious calculation, leads to the conclusion that the only non vanishing $X_\ell^m$ coefficients in eq. \ref{eq:expr_Vstar} ar those for which $m=k\times N\pm 1$
Another symmetry consideration considerably simplifies the SHE: since the electrical current distribution generating the field is antisymmetric with respect to the horizontal plane containing the origin, the field has to be symmetric with respect to that same plane, and the potential antisymmetric. Given the parity properties of the Legendre polynomials, this implies that the only non zero $V_\ell^m$ are those for which $\ell+m$ is odd.

The symmetry allowed and forbidden terms for the $N=4$ and $N=6$ cases are summed up on figure \ref{fig:harmo_sph_sym}. The combination of the two criteria eliminates all terms corresponding to odd powers of $r$ in the spherical harmonics development of $B$. Deriving the SHE of the total scalar potential for the $N\geq 3$ pairs of coils is a little tricky and leads to the following expression:
\begin{widetext}
\begin{eqnarray}
  \frac{V^\star}{\mu_0NI_0} &=& \sum_{k=1}^{+\infty}\sum_{n=0}^{+\infty}r^{kN-1+2n}X_{kN-1+2n}^{kN-1}\times\cos[(kN-1)\varphi-\varphi_0]P_{kN-1+2n}^{kN-1}(\cos\theta)\nonumber \\
   &+& \sum_{k=0}^{+\infty}\sum_{n=0}^{+\infty}r^{kN+1+2n}X_{kN+1+2n}^{kN+1}\times\cos[(kN+1)\varphi-\varphi_0]P_{kN+1+2n}^{kN+1}(\cos\theta)
\end{eqnarray}
\end{widetext}

    \begin{figure}[h!]
	\centering
        \epsfig{file=fig5.eps,width=.8\linewidth}
	\caption{Schematic representations of the $Y_l^m$ functions, and elimination of terms in the spherical harmonics development of the field by symmetry considerations for $N=2$ or 3. The blue lines corresponds to terms vanishing because $\ell + m$ is odd, while the red lines corresponds to harmonics not fulfilling the $m=kN\pm 1$ condition.}
	\label{fig:harmo_sph_sym}
\end{figure}

The principal term corresponds to  :

\begin{equation}\label{eq:epxrVstarfin}
  V^\star=\mu_0NI_0X_1^1\sin\theta\cos(\varphi-\varphi_0)
\end{equation}

That corresponds to a constant field $B_0=-\mu_0NI_0X_1^1$  in the direction  $(Ox,\vec u_0)$ of the $xOy$ plane. A careful analysis of the above expression of the scalar potential shows that if $N\geq 5$, the two following terms of its SHE are proportional to the single coefficient $X_3^1$ . It is thus sufficient to choose the geometrical parameters of the individual coil which cancel this term out for having as first "inhomogeneous" terms degree five ones. For instance, in the privileged case $N=6$ , these leading inhomogeneous terms are $X_5^1$ and $X_5^5$.

For an individual toroidal coil of rectangular section $(a_1,a_2,b_1,b_2)$, the axis of which is at a distance $a_0$  of $Oz$ , one can get an analytical expression of $X_3^1$ as a function of these five parameters and one has simply to minimize the volume of superconductor subject to the nonlinear constraints of the value of the field coefficient and $X_3^1$.
$N>6$ configurations can also be discarded by considerations not related to homogeneity, such as the number of power supplies required (and hence the cost of the magnet) and the diameter of the sample bore.

\subsection{Compatibility with polarized neutron scattering experiments}
\label{sec:polarized}
\subsubsection{General principle}
One of the major uses of neutron scattering is to study magnetism, since the interaction between the neutron spin and that of unpaired electrons is rather large. Unpolarized neutron beams can be used to study magnetic ordering as soon as the magnetic period is different from the structural one, but this criterion is not always met. In particular, studies of paramagnets such as molecular magnet crystals\cite{AC_Ridier,JACS_Ridier} require the use of a polarized neutron beam. The ability to keep the beam polarization is thus a prerequisite of any magnet used in a neutron scattering facility, including the WAVE vector magnet. The mathematical criterion comes from the comparison between two frequencies:

\begin{equation}\label{eq:Larmor}
  \omega_L=|\gamma_N|\|B\|
\end{equation}

is the Larmor frequency ($\gamma_N\simeq$ 1.83 10$^8$T.s$^{-1}$) corresponding to neutron precession and

\begin{equation}\label{eq:omegaB}
  \omega_B=\left\|\frac{\ud\vec{u}_B}{\ud t}\right\|
\end{equation}

is the frequency associated with the variation of the magnetic field in the neutron reference frame ($\vec u_B$ is the unit vector defining the field direction). The neutron beam polarization is conserved as long as $\omega_L\gg\omega_B$ (or $\omega_L\ll\omega_B$ for a very short time, provoking what is called a non adioabatic transition between parallel and antiparallel alignments of the neutron spin with respect to the field). Practically speaking, polarization loss happens in two cases:
\begin{itemize}
    \item when the neutron beam goes across an extended small field zone, $\omega_L$ becomes too low. A well known example of that is the zero field zone in the medium plane of Helmholtz coils. We shall address this point in the following.
    \item when the spatial variations of the field are fast enough, $\omega_B$ becomes comparable to $\omega_L$. Since the neutrons of the incident and diffracted beams move essentially at a constant speed $\vec v$, the right hand side of equation \ref{eq:omegaB} is in fact a spatial derivative.
\end{itemize}

The geometrical configuration of the WAVE magnet offers a solution to solve this problem: since $K=3$, there is no unique solution to obtain a given magnetic field. If we add a constant intensity to the values defined by eq. \ref{eq:expr_Iopt}, the field at the sample position is unchanged (since the vectorial sum of the supplementary fields is zero), yet the stray field in the horizontal plane may be increased. In the following, we numerically explore the possibilities of this {\it active zero field} procedure in two difficult cases: a purely vertical magnetic field, and a purely horizontal one. To keep the discussion short in this general paper, we limit ourselves to the {\it half polarized} case, where only the conservation of the polarization of the incoming beam is evaluated (a more detailed study on the fully polarized case will come latter).

Given the electrical configuration of each quartet of coils, the common vertical axis to two set of $B_{xy}$ coils is a problematic zone for keeping the neutron beam polarization, since the spatial derivative becomes infinite at the intersection of the axis and the equatorial plane, so the pulsation defined by eq. \ref{eq:omegaB} is large on a wide zone. The incident beam path is thus fixed in the middle of two such axes, where the field spatial variations are smoother.

We choose a rather conservative approach, {\it i.e.} we consider that the beam polarization is conserved provided the \omob ratio is greater than 100 on the whole incident beam path. The beam is a parallelepiped with transverse dimension of 20$\times$20 mm. All the results were evaluated for $\lambda$=1.4 \AA, which is the polarized wavelength of the 6T2 diffractometer and is not a favorable case since it increases $\omega_B$ compared to longer wavelength.

\subsubsection{Vertical magnetic field}

    \begin{figure}[h!]
	\centering
        \epsfig{file=fig6.eps,width=.9\linewidth}
	\caption{(a): position of the minimum of the $\omega_L/\omega_B$ ratio. We observe three distinct regimes: Dark blue zone, the worst point is near the sample position. Light blue zone, it is around 170 mm from the sample axis. Brown zone, it is at the very end of the simulated beam, very far from the sample axis and outside the magnet. (b) : examples of the evolution of the \omob ratio as a function of the position along the incident beam. ($x=0$ corresponds to the sample), for each of the three regimes described on the left panel (same color code).}
	\label{fig:worstX_Bvert}
\end{figure}

The case of a purely vertical field is a well known unfavorable case for Helmholtz coils, since they are symmetrical with regards to the diffraction plane. Figure \ref{fig:worstX_Bvert} (a) shows the location of the point where the \omob ratio is smallest. One can identify three regimes:
\begin{itemize}
  \item zone 1: the minimum is close to the sample axis
  \item zone 2: the minimum is roughly at 170 mm from the sample axis. This corresponds to the usual annulment zone of Helmholtz coils
  \item zone 3: the minimum is at the end of the simulated zone
\end{itemize}

Figure \ref{fig:worstX_Bvert} (b) gives examples of the evolution of the \omob ratio (more precisely the minimum of \omob at a given position along the incident beam) for each of the three regimes. The minimum is very sharp in the case of zone 2, and \omob is small on a rather large length of beam. This is the well known problem of symmetrical coils for neutron measurements. In the case of zone 1, the value at the minimum is not so small, so a significant polarization (yet far from the initial one) may still be present at the sample position. The most interesting regime in terms of polarized neutron measurements is the third one, since the minimum of \omob is observed outside the magnet, so guiding fields may be used to solve the problem. Figure \ref{fig:bestR_Bvert} gives the lowest value of \omob obtained in the optimal active zero field conditions, as a function of the vertical field. The main effect of the active zero field is to put the minimum of \omob outside the magnet, so that \omob is well above 100 inside the magnet for vertical fields 50 mT or greater. This is a much smaller value of operation than what is now obtained with the standard scalar magnets adapted to neutron scattering studies.

    \begin{figure}[h!]
	\centering
        \epsfig{file=fig7.eps,width=.9\linewidth}
	\caption{Minimum of the \omob ratio on the whole incident beam, in the optimal active zero field conditions. The dashed line corresponds to a ratio of 100.}
	\label{fig:bestR_Bvert}

\end{figure}

\subsubsection{Horizontal magnetic field}

    \begin{figure}[h!]
	\centering
        \epsfig{file=fig8.eps,width=.9\linewidth}
	\caption{(a): position of the minimum of the $\omega_L/\omega_B$ ratio. We observe only two distinct regimes: light blue zones, it is around 150 mm from the sample axis. Brown zones, it is at the very end of the simulated beam, very far from the sample axis and outside the magnet. The dark blue zones corresponds to forbidden electrical configurations, in which the current in at least one of the quartet of coils is above the maximum values allowed by the power supplies. (b) Minimum of the \omob ratio on the whole incident beam trajectory, in the optimal active zero field configuration, as a function of the angle between the field and the incident beam direction. The dashed line corresponds to a ratio of 100.}
	\label{fig:worstX_bestR_Bhorz}

\end{figure}

Another configuration for which keeping a significant incident beam polarization is difficult is the case of a purely horizontal field. In this case, the active zero field method may not be as efficient, since the value of the active zero field is restricted by the critical current in the coils and/or the current delivered by a given power supply. This is illustrated on figure \ref{fig:worstX_bestR_Bhorz} (a), which displays the location of the minimum of \omob as a function of the field angle, for a 1 T field. The allowed current distribution makes only a small fraction of the number of cases simulated, since in this case one of the power supplies delivers a current not far from the maximum value. As shown on figure \ref{fig:worstX_bestR_Bhorz} (b), this is not a problem for most of the angles, except when the field direction is close to the incident beam direction. We have simulated this specific case, as illustrated by figure \ref{fig:bestR_Bhorz_phi0}. In this case the minimum of \omob is within the magnet for fields above 0.6 T, and in any case when the minimum is outside the gain is minimal, contrary to the vertical field case. The \omob ratio can be kept above 100 for fields between 0.04 and 0.91 T, again a pretty wide range which corresponds to values not well suited for polarized neutron measurements with the usual magnets. Even at 1 T, \omob is still about 30, which may limit the polarization loss.

    \begin{figure}[h!]
	\centering
        \epsfig{file=fig9.eps,width=.9\linewidth}
	\caption{Minimum of the \omob ratio on the whole incident beam, in the optimal active zero field conditions. The graph corresponds to $\varphi$=0 but could also apply to $\varphi$=180, the curves being identical. The dashed line corresponds to a ratio of 100.}
	\label{fig:bestR_Bhorz_phi0}

\end{figure}

\section{Technical description of the WAVE magnet}
\label{sec:tech_desc}
\subsection{Cold Mass}
\label{sec:cold_mass}

\begin{figure}
	\centering \epsfig{file=fig10.eps,width=.9\linewidth}
	\caption{Vertical cross section of the WAVE magnet, seen in perspective. The incident beam is represented in shaded blue, as the angular aperture available for the scattered beam.  Note the large aperture of the cold mass, 220$^\circ$ horizontally and $\pm$10$^\circ$ vetically.}
\label{fig:vert_cut}
\end{figure}

The cold mass consists in two large aluminum boxes mounted symmetrically with the diffraction plane. A gap is machined in the lower and upper boxes to leave a free space for the beam of 60mm , corresponding to an equatorial vertical opening angle of $\pm$10\degr. The clearance angle in the horizontal plane is 220\degr. Only a sector of 140\degr is kept for mechanical reasons between the two boxes. A channel is machined within this sector for the passing of the incident neutron beam. The aluminum boxes are used as coil casings and as thermal exchangers with a circuit of aluminum pipes fixed on the boxes.

The lower and upper boxes are machined to receive the following windings:
\begin{itemize}
  \item  6 $B_{xy}$ coils (in green on figure \ref{fig:vert_cut}) Their axis is situated on a diameter 300 mm and each coil has the following dimensions: inner radius 49 mm, outer radius 73 mm and height 100 mm.
  \item 1 $B_z$ coil (orange on figure \ref{fig:vert_cut}) on the vertical axis of the experiment .with the following dimensions: inner radius 106 mm , outer radius  161 mm and height 10 mm.
  \item 1 shielding coil (in blue on figure \ref{fig:vert_cut}) with the following dimensions: inner radius 241 mm, outer radius 250 mm and height 19 mm.

\end{itemize}

\subsection{Cryostat}
\label{sec:cryostat}

\begin{figure}
	\centering \epsfig{file=fig11.eps,width=.98\linewidth}
	\caption{The cryogenic system of the WAVE magnet. (a) main components of the system. 1 single stage cryogenerator cooling down the upper stage of the cryostat don to 50 K stage. 2 : double stage cryogenerator which cools down the dual phase cryogenic fluid. 3: He reservoir, containing 1 L of liquid He. Note the copper winglets used to liquify the gaseous fraction of He present at the end of the theromsiphon circuit. 4: external He bore, used to fasten the first cooling of the magnet. (b) thermosiphon circuit. Note the first turn at the bottom of the cryostat, required to cool down the electrical buses. Another turn is present at the top.}
\label{fig:cryo}
\end{figure}

The design of the cryostat and of the cooling system(see FIG. \ref{fig:cryo}) is based on two G-M cryocoolers (single stage and two-stage needed for 4.5 K and 50 K heat loads) and a small thermosiphon using aluminum pipes as exchangers along the cold mass at 4.5 K and a helium phase separator of 1 liter fixed on the 2nd stage of the two-stage cryocooler. The helium flow is estimated to 1.5 g.s$^{-1}$, which is consistent with the 1W cooling power of the cryocooler at 4K. If needed, a quick cool-down from 300 K is achieved by using a temporary external supply from LHe Dewar.
The vacuum vessel is made of four main parts: an outer cylinder, an inner cylinder and an annular lower flange. These three elements will be in aluminum to reduce the interaction with the beam of neutrons. The inner cylinder is designed as an \textit{anti-cryostat} and will host the sample and the associated instrumentation that are not part of the project. The fourth part of the cryostat is the upper flange made of stainless steel. This upper flange will have 9 ports: 2 for the G-M cryocoolers , 5 ports for the current leads and 2 for the voltage taps and magnet  instrumentation. Static insulation vacuum is achieved by using a temporary pumping unit on a dedicated lateral port.

The other parts of the cryostat are the thermal shield, also in aluminum, the multilayer insulation, the helium reservoir with the helium pipes of the thermosiphon circuit and the cold-to-warm supports.

\subsection{Electrical circuit}
\label{sec:electrical_circuit}

The electrical circuit will be made of 4 independent power supplies able to deliver up to 250 A each. During unpolarized neutron measurements, the values of currents flowing through the coils generating the horizontal components of the field is made according to eq. \ref{eq:expr_Iopt}, which ensures that the total current in the magnet is lower than 450 A. This is no longer true when active zero field is used, yet the optimal conditions are consistent with a total current lower than 500 A. The current leads are thus designed accordingly: 4 independent leads to send current through the 4 sets of coils, but a common lead for collecting it after. The current leads (see FIG. \ref{fig:diodes} (a)) are made of two parts: a resistive one made of brass, which temperature will go from 300 to 50K,  and a superconducting one made of a hollow ceramic bar of high-$T_C$ superconductor (the so called Bi2212). The field is significant only in the lower part of the high-$T_C$ current lead, where the critical field is very large since the temperature is close to 4K. Electrical buses and protection diodes will be mounted on copper rings, in order to facilitate their thermalization. Quench protection will be ensured by 32 diodes (2 for each of the 16 individual coils), the top part being shown on figure \ref{fig:diodes}. In case of quench, the whole current discharge takes less than one second and leads to a warming of 106 K at the hottest point, which is acceptable. The maximum voltage across a quenched coil is estimated to 200 V.

\begin{figure}[ht!]
	\centering \epsfig{file=fig12,width=.7\linewidth}
	\caption{(a): Current leads. 1 resistive part, made of brass. 2: junction between resistive and superconducting parts, made of copper to allow thermal dilation. 3: high-$T_C$ superconductor part, made of Bi 2212. 4: junction with the low-$T_C$ part, made of copper to allow thermal dilation. (b): Series of diodes used for electrical protection. the number 5 designates a set of 4 such diodes.}
\label{fig:diodes}
\end{figure}

\subsection{Implementation at LLB}
\label{sec:impl_LLB}
LLB is a user facility which offers a comprehensive instrumental suite of 22 spectrometers, and new instruments are currently under commissioning or development (see figure\ref{fig:LLB}). The Wave magnet is designed so that it can be used as a sample environment on all the instruments relevant for magnetism studies. This includes:

\begin{itemize}
  \item Diffraction : two instruments are suitable for magnetism studies: 5C1 and 6T2, which both offer polarized neutron beams. The magnet comissioning will be performed on the 6T2 diffractometer, which is the more versatile of the three and puts the most stringent constraints in terms of external diameter of all the instruments on which WAVE could be used.
  \item Inelastic Neutron Scattering: the WAVE magnet shall be used both on the cold (4F1, 4F2) and thermal (1T, 2T) triple axis spectrometers available at LLB. The WAVE magnet could also be used on the future time-of-flight machine, Fa$\sharp$, currently being build.
  \item Small Angle Neutron Scattering and neutron reflectivity : the WAVE magnet will be compatible both with the PRISM polarized neutron reflectometer, and the PA 20 small angle scattering instrument, currently being commissioned.
\end{itemize}

\begin{figure}[ht!]
	\centering \epsfig{file=fig13b.eps,width=.98\linewidth}
	\caption{Possible implementation of the WAVE magnet at LLB. Single-crystal diffractometer: 6T2, 5C1. Triple-axis spectrometers: 1T,2T,4F1,4F2. Polarized Neutron reflectivity: PRISM. Small angle scattering: PA20. Time of flight inelastic scattering: Fa\#}
\label{fig:LLB}
\end{figure}

\section*{Conclusions}

We propose an innovative design for a vector magnet compatible with wide angle neutron scattering experiments. The original geometry consists of 16 coils with wertical axes, the horizontal components of the field being generated by the stray fields of sets of 4 coils in series opposition. The proposed design can apply fields up to 1 T in any directions of space, and allow a very large angular aperture (220\degr horizontal, $\pm$10\degr vertical). The homogeneity of the field is very high (better than 50 ppm in a 5 mm radius sphere), and the magnet is compatible with polarized neutron scattering experiments. The magnet is designed so as to be used on all the instruments of LLB which are relevant for magnetism studies, and should thus open a wide range of new possibilities.

\acknowledgements

This work is supported by the Region Ile de France through the NANOK-2014-ML-005 grant.
The authors would like to thank M. Lenertz for his suggestions concerning the manuscript.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


text:
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South Coast British Columbia Transportation Authority TransLink Renews Partnership with New Flyer for Transit Buses
NewswireToday - /newswire/ - Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, 2012/07/18 - New Flyer Industries, Inc. ("New Flyer" or the "Company"), the leading manufacturer of heavy-duty transit buses in Canada and the United States, announced an order for up to 87 buses or 137 equivalent production units (EUs) - NewFlyer.com. TSX: NFI.DB.U
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The initial order of 25 60-foot articulated buses and 17 40-foot buses (67 EUs) for Vancouver's South Coast British Columbia Transportation ("TransLink") supports the growth in local ridership and delivers on TransLink's customer enhancement strategies. The total purchase price of the initial order is approximately C$28 million.
TransLink selected the New Flyer Xcelsior XD40 40-foot bus which provides improved comfort for up to 74 passengers (to be operated by West Vancouver Transit) for delivery expected in the fourth quarter of 2012. TransLink chose New Flyer's Xcelsior XDE60 60-foot articulated bus that can carry up to 104 passengers for Richmond Transit (to be operated by Cost Mountain Bus Company) with delivery expected in the first half of 2013.
"TransLink has done an outstanding job of promoting and growing transit services for the residents of Metro Vancouver," said Paul Soubry, New Flyer's President and Chief Executive Officer. "TransLink and New Flyer have a long working relationship, with over 70 percent of TransLink's fleet consisting of New Flyer buses. This is our first order from Vancouver since 2008, and we are extremely proud to once again be selected to support TransLink."
The addition of the New Flyer Xcelsior diesel-electric hybrid buses is ideal for high-capacity, high-frequency routes and assists with reducing road congestion. The Xcelsior series buses are backed by New Flyer's in-service support and lifetime care program, providing best value in direct operating costs for TransLink.
The buses have more forward-facing seats, bright interior LED lighting and low interior noise levels. The light-weight design results in exceptional fuel economy and reduced emissions, particularly when combined with the diesel-electric hybrid propulsion system. The buses are supported by locally based service representatives providing technical expertise and a comprehensive new product warranty program, administered through the New Flyer iWarranty System.
The Company also advises the statement in the Company's July 16, 2012 press release that options for 282 EUs had expired in the second quarter of 2012 ("Q2 2012") was incorrect. The correct number of options that expired in Q2 2012 were 114 EUs.
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New Flyer (newflyer.com) is the leading manufacturer of heavy-duty transit buses in Canada and the United States. The Company's three manufacturing facilities – in Winnipeg, MB; St. Cloud, MN; and Crookston, MN – are all ISO 9001, ISO 14001 and OHSAS 18001 certified. The Company currently operates a parts fabrication facility in Elkhart, IN and four PDCs in Winnipeg, MB; Erlanger, KY; Fresno, CA and Brampton, ON.
With a skilled workforce of over 2,000 employees, New Flyer is a technology leader, offering the broadest product line in the industry, including drive systems powered by clean diesel, LNG, CNG and electric trolley as well as energy-efficient diesel-electric hybrid vehicles. New Flyer has delivered over 31,000 heavy-duty buses in Canada and the United States. All products are supported with an industry-leading, comprehensive parts and service network.
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I almost started this post with an apology for my absence the last two weeks, but, since I am working on being authentic in all areas of my life, I decided not to apologize. Life happens. Our last couple of weeks have been crazy busy with church projects, a huge outreach from our small group, more church projects (with my hubs and I simultaneously working on separate projects for our church, The Well), and our daily family commitments, and I don't want to apologize for putting God and my family first. I don't want to pretend to be some sort of super mom who can handle it all. I can't. What I CAN do is prioritize, and when life gets busy, there is not room for my little blog. So, that being said, let's get on with today's project!
I did not have a set of these eggs, so I Googled a number of different sources, and I decided to make my own. With the exception of this teeny-tiny bottle, I had everything on hand. I purchased this bottle at Hobby Lobby. It was with the dollhouse furniture, etc.
I reviewed a number of different blogs that had instructions for DIY Resurrection Eggs, and I LOVED the downloadalbe chart from Heather at The Real Housewife. (It looks like she hasn't created a new post in awhile. I can TOTALLY relate! ;)You can see her beautiful Resurrection Eggs here, and you can download the chart here.
As I have said, there are MANY versions of the resurrection eggs, and this was the one that I thought was best. I am just going to list the eggs in order, and I will let you know what I used for each egg.
1. Palm branch - I took a leaf off of a fake plant and cut it to look like a palm branch.
2. Perfume - I bought a tiny glass bottle from the dollhouse section at Hobby Lobby.
3. Towel - I cut a small strip out of a wash cloth.
4. Bread - I took the heel of a loaf of bread, tore a piece off, then cut it in the shape of a loaf of bread. *Do not worry about mold. The bread will become very much like a crouton quite quickly!
5. Coins and sword - I used three dimes to represent the 30 silver coins Judas received, and I used a Lego spear for the sword.
6. Crown of thorns - I used three small pieces of wire for the crown. The first piece (which was the longest), was twisted into a circle, and then I wrapped both ends around the circle creating a "woven" affect. I left the ends poking out to resemble thorns. I wrapped two more smaller pieces of wire around the crown, leaving the ends out, adding more "thorns".
8. Cross and nails - I wrapped some twine around two sticks from my yard to form a cross. The rusty nails came from my collection of tetanus rusty lovelies.
9. Sponge - I cut a piece off of one of my stencil sponges, and then a tore off lots of tiny pieces to give it more of a sponge look.
10. Spices - I used cinnamon sticks to represent the spices that were used in Jesus' burial.
11. Rock - Just a small rock to represent the stone rolled in front of the tomb.
12. Empty - Ummmmm...it's empty. I probably didn't need to list number 12. I'm a little OCD and needed to complete the list!
Oh! I almost forgot the egg container! Obviously, you can use any egg container you'd like, but I really wanted a clear container. I went to the grocery story and bought a container of organic eggs, and they came in this super sweet, clear box.
The kids AND the adults (me included!) loved this visual retelling of Jesus' last week. I created another incredibly simply yet powerful visual for the kids to go along with the eggs, and if my hubs and I can get a few minutes to create a video in the next day or two, I will share that with you!
I am praying that you are well, wherever you are on your journey. Enjoy the Son!