Planning to build a nice birdhouse? Maybe you should first take a look at the designs that are prepared in this collection for people like you. There are really a lot of available shapes, sizes, colours and designs, speaking generally. Keep in mind that all of them are already popular.
The elegant castle themed design of this birdhouse is truly unique in every sense. It can accommodate many different birds at once, allowing them to make a nest without any space restrictions. There are multiple roofs and even a charming little weathervane on top, making this birdhouse one-of-a-kind. The level of detail here is truly impressive by anyone's standards.
Post-mounted design that doesn't take very long to set up. - Extremely intricate and detailed design with 4 different sections. - Slanted roof with a castle-themed aesthetic will look great in front of your home. - Makes an excellent decorative piece with a truly unique look. - Able to accommodate many birds at one time. - Premium wood material construction is made for outdoor use, so it is incredibly durable and sturdy. - Turrets and dormers create a dramatic aesthetic that will impress all of your guests. - Trap door on the back for convenient cleaning without any headaches. - Dragon weathervane on top really completes this impressive birdhouse's themed look. - No assembly required (just mount on post).
Only one hole for birds to get in and out of. - One person commented on certain details around windows easily breaking off.
The interior of this birdhouse is impressively spacious, leaving room for a number of birds to come and eat at one time. You will undoubtedly be impressed by the thorough exterior detailing that resembles a dollhouse more than a birdhouse. The slanted roof and fencing around the perimeter are just two of the amazing details this birdhouse has to offer.
Balconies around all four sides of the birdhouse for an incredibly detailed and beautiful aesthetic. - Made of exterior-grade ply-board that is weather-resistant and very durable. - Comes with a 1-year warranty. - The perfect place for birds to make a nest for their young because of the ample room. - Premium wooden construction means that you will never have to worry about this birdhouse warping or wearing away. - Ventilation holes and built-in drainage make this birdhouse easy to keep clean on the inside at all times. - Two different compartments for birds to get in and out at their leisure. - Total animal capacity of 2. - 12"x12" dimensions make this a very big and spacious birdhouse. - Impressive overall attention to detail. - Already comes pre-assembled.
Some customers have complained about roof swelling due to moisture.
The cozy charm of this cottage-style birdhouse will almost make you wish you could visit yourself. Its solid hardwood design is made to withstand the harsh elements, so you can count on it to last. It is made from premium high-quality materials with a detailed paint job that will have all of your guests and neighbors commenting on its overall beauty.
Can be placed on a flat surface or hung on a wall without any issues whatsoever. - Available in several difference finishes—White, Blue, and Red. - Ventilation holes maintain good air quality for birds that come inside. - Single compartment that is easy for most common birds to get in and out of. - Drainage holes help to keep the inside of this birdhouse sanitary and hygienic. - Detailed design that serves as a beautiful outdoor decorative piece. - Attracts all sorts of beautiful and colorful birds for you to watch from inside your home. - Premium-quality wood construction means this birdhouse will definitely stand the test of time. - No assembly required, just mount on a tree or pole.
A couple of customers have stated that the paint on this birdhouse peels and fades fairly easily.
This Cape Cod themed birdhouse has a very playful design and remarkable detail that you have never seen before. This two-story birdhouse will be sure to attract finches, wrens and many other types of birds almost immediately. There is ample space for birds to come and nest, and it's very easy to clean due to the removable back.
Intricately detailed with slanted roof and fencing around both floors. - Two-story birdhouse with tons of room for birds to feed and nest in. - Weather-resistant paint and hardwood material means that birdhouse will stand the test of time. - Clean-out panel on back can be easily removed for quick maintenance. - Features ventilation holes to keep the birds inside comfortable and happy. - Extended roof only adds to the beautiful aesthetic of this birdhouse. - Exterior-grade ply board material doesn't rot or warp even when it rains. - Two different compartments for all sorts of birds to get in and out of easily without risk of getting stuck. - No assembly required, just mount onto post in your yard. - Perfect decorative touch to the outside of your home.
One customer claims that the chimney posts are a bit fragile.
With a quaint cottage-style design, this birdhouse will be sure to attract all sorts of beautiful local birds looking to get a bite to eat and make a nest. The wall-mounted design means that you can make this birdhouse on pretty much any tree in your yard with ease. There are some impressive details with this birdhouse that make it a wonderful decorative piece.
Wall-mounted design means that you can put it on any tree in your yard with just a screwdriver. - Ventilation holes keep the air clean and breathable for the birds that come in. - Classic aesthetic that is perfect for those who like a rustic country look. - Slanted roof with shingles for realistic appearance that will quickly get your neighbors talking. - Removable back panel that will allow you to clean out the inside without any frustration. - High-quality wood design that will hold up well through wind, rain and all other outdoor elements. - Completely weather-resistant for long-lasting durability you can count on. - Perfect for outdoor use. - Beautiful white color that will go well with your other outdoor decorations.
A couple customers have commented on the color of the birdhouse being a more off-white than true white.
This intricately-designed birdhouse allows even the smallest birds to get through, and it can lend a truly beautiful aesthetic to the outside of your home. The windows on this birdhouse allow for good air circulation, and the built-in drainage will keep it clean at all times. The sheer details of this bird house is quite impressive to say the least.
Detailed design that included window box trim and numerous roof lines for a realistic appearance. - Comes with a 1-year warranty. - Built-in drainage makes this bird house exceptionally easy to clean. - Made of sturdy wood material that can easily stand up against regular exposure to the elements. - Slanted roof and other details that make this birdhouse look like an actual home. - One compartment that makes it easy for small to medium-sized birds to get in and out. - Wall-mounted, post-mounted design that gives you numerous installation choices. - Minimal assembly required (all you need is a screwdriver). - Improves the aesthetic of your home's exterior for a more elegant appearance.
One customer found that the paint didn't hold up very well against the elements. - Chimney can become easily damaged over time.
This birdhouse has a uniquely charming appeal that you will certainly be glad to have in your front or backyard. It has a smooth and finely detailed architecture with a slanted roof and multiple windows. If you are looking for a cute birdhouse that will make your home's exterior look a little nicer, this is definitely a good choice.
Slanted roof that birds can easily latch onto. - Removable clean out panel that will allow you to keep the interior hygienic without much effort. - Comes with a full 1-year warranty. - Ventilation holes for the benefits of the birds that fly in. - Features removable back wall and a pine-shingled roof for stunning detail and easy maintenance. - Two different colors to choose from—Light Blue with Yellow and Yellow with Light Blue. - Perfect for attracting and accommodating finches, wrens and chickadees. - Large enough interior to allow birds to comfortably make a nest. - Ideal for those who are interested in bird watching as a hobby. - Designed to be easily mounted on almost any tree.
Numerous customers agree that it doesn't stand up to the elements very well (flaking and fading after a while).
Do you enjoy watching the birds frolic in the trees near your home? If you do, you may opt to give them a permanent home and listen to their singing to your heart's desire.
An outdoor birdhouse not only provides the birds with a cozy adobe but also offers them protection from their predators. Birdhouses are available in a broad range of designs, so choosing one will be extremely difficult. To help you narrow your search down to a single birdhouse, a buying guide is provided below.
Birdhouses are available in a broad range of shapes. From the shapes of animals to the shapes of houses, you will find it in a birdhouse. All of these birdhouses have one thing in common, a hole for entering and exiting. The hole is the perfect size for small birds, such as blue jays, cardinals, blackbirds, and songbirds. Its size prevents predators from gaining access to the birds.
It is only typical for you to want a hanging birdhouse. But, have you ever thought about a birdhouse that sits directly on top of a flat surface or post? You may actually find these designs more suitable for your preferences and needs. The greatest benefits of hanging birdhouses are they can be placed just about anywhere and relocated at will.
Birdhouses situated on top of poles are typically left there until they need to be replaced. Since you will not want to disturb your feathery friends once they move into the birdhouse, it will be best to never move them from their original position.
Once the birds enter the birdhouse, they will be well out of sight until they decide to join the bird world again. A perch will give the birds a place to sit near the exit hole. This will give you more opportunity to see the birds and them enjoy the afternoon or morning sun. Since larger birdhouses house more birds, they typically come with more holes.
Manufacturers utilize a broad range of materials to construct their birdhouses. While the wooden birdhouse appears to be the most popular, metal and ceramic birdhouses are also very popular. Some manufacturers even utilize a mixture of materials to give their birdhouses uniqueness and beauty. There are also birdhouses constructed from recyclable materials. When investing in a wood birdhouse, be sure to only consider models constructed from MDF board. This material is extremely durable and will last for years.
Not everyone feels the need to maintain his or her large outdoor birdhouses. If you are one of those hands-on people, you may want to invest in a birdhouse with a clean-out opening. This will allow you to gain access to the interior compartment, so you can remove any debris left behind by the birds.
Birdhouses are available in a variety of sizes, styles, and designs. Some will come with a single compartment, while others have many separate compartments. Some are mountable and some are not. The option is yours to make, but do not rush your decision. The birds may not care for the design, but you certainly don't want to end up with a bulky eyesore that will ruin your personal sense of aesthetics and make it hard for you to truly relax while attending your exclusive garden concertos.
This handcrafted, rustic bird house is a great way to decorate your garden. Beautiful design, plenty of space for bird friends and an eye-catchy look captures the details. The whole is perfectly presented among the trees.
If you have birds flying over your backyard, you may want to fix them a nice house. With this large, rustic birdhouse, made of reclaimed barn wood, your singing friends will have enough space to make of this fine structure a permanent home for themselves.
Lovely bird house for the garden and others outdoor places according to taste and need. Construction is made of wood. It is resistant to rust and harmful weather conditions.
Birdhouse in Victorian style. Construction is made of wood and designed for mounting on the tree. Great addition to the garden and others outdoor places according to taste and need.
Bird house in Victorian style. Construction is made of wood. It is resistant to rust and harmful weather conditions. Stylish addition to the garden or patio.
This fantastic bird house is a real castle in your garden. The beautiful combination of solid wood construction and subtle shades of green and white will perfectly match the garden, and the birds will have plenty of space for themselves.
A charming rustic style post-mounted birdhouse handmade of wood. It looks like a barn with a span roof and a spindle finial. Walls are painted in weathered red, the roof - in distressed white. There are lots of round entrance holes in walls.
Large Victorian birdhouse constructed from solid wood and painted. The house has many entrances on various levels and a gabled roof painted red, with decorous finials on top. It stands on turned black post.
Outdoor bird house for people who love nature. This decorative item is based on metal and recycled items. It not only provides shelter for birds, but it also increases aesthetic value of garden outdoors.
Richly decorated bird house in Victorian style. It is made of wood and finished with carefully made carvings. Elegant accent for the garden, patio and more.
Bird house with antique finish. Construction is made of wood and metal. It is resistant to rust and harmful weather conditions. Stylish accent for each outdoor place.
Recycled bird feeder. It is made of ceramic flowerpot and round piece of wood with little hole. It is destined for small birds, for example - sparrows. Tou can attached it to wall in the garden or on terrace.
Who doesn't like a stylish gazebo feeder? It's great for your garden and will not only draw the attention of all the birds, but also make your garden look like straight from a fairy tale. Exterior grade ply-board makes it weather resistant and durable.
Birdhouse suitable for outdoor use. This element of design not only decorates gardens and other outdoors, but it also provides safety to birds. Its durable construction is resistant to weather conditions.
Those large birdhouses can be a nice solution not only for your small singing friends, but also for decorating your outdoor area. Each of those is built of sturdy wood, has a high-pitched roof, 3 stories to accommodate, and 3 cutout holes for entrances.
An imaginatve idea for a garden decoration, which features a collection of birdhouses attached to the fence. All of them come in bright, positive colors, which looks really charming on a white background.
These outdoor bird houses will enhance every garden or backyard with its lovely, subtle wooden construction. They create a charming addition, that will embellish the space immediately.
Decorative bird house shaped as stone cottage, with all the details. Lacking a stone fairy house in the garden? Probably this offer can end your search. The stone lodge features green doors, windows and red slates covered gabled roof.
This lovely wooden bird house will embellish every backyard or garden. It has a notice worthy antique brass door handle. Mounts on a post (not included). 1 ½" opening. Easy to clean. Has the size of 18"x6"x6.
Beautiful stylish table is must-have in every house. This unique sophisticated table plays its role perfectly as a coffee table, but you can use it as bedside table. It has sculptural incredible kickstands and desktop made of marble.
Bird house made of wood and finished with pastel colors. It is resistant to rust and harmful weather conditions. Great addition to each outdoor place.
Bird house in Victorian style. It is completely made of wood. It is resistant to rust and harmful weather conditions. Elegant accent for the garden, patio and more.
Nice, modern outdoor set with a charming retro vibe; it includes 3 pieces: 2 chairs and round top side table on 3-legged base. The furniture is made os heavy duty steel with powder coated finish. The seats and backs feature vivid red coloring.
It is a lovely and pretty birdhouse that is available in many color options to choose. It is handcrafted and has got a solid wood construction. It is a great addition to your garden.
Introduce a magical mood to your outdoor decor with this charming wooden bird house, ready to be immediately hanged at your window. The house features front door, spacious enough for a bird to enter. Its design and detailed finish is really lovely!
Birdhouse made of wood with antique finish. Designed for small birds. It has 9 holes and branches. Stylish addition in Vintage style for each outdoor place.
This is an extremely charming with a delicate birdhouse. It is built on a rack. The cottage has the shape of a real family house with the design details. It is all white. Not only will serve the birds as shelter but also as a garden decoration.
This stylish and charming freestanding bird house would be a perfect decoration for every kind of garden! Check it out and enjoy and amazing design at your place together with being close to the nature.
This charming and captivating birdhouse in the shape of a sunflower is a unique solution for any home. It is subtle and beautifully presented in many places. Made of metal construction is durable and reliable.
Comfy modern outdoor set of durable weatherproof grey resin wicker with a woven design. A table has a rectangular top. A loveseat and 2 armchairs have ergonomic wide arms and reclining backs. All pieces feature rectilineal shapes and showy aprons.
An outdoor nesting box for birds, constructed from old coffee cans stacked in pyramid, and old boards - what a creative idea! The unique bird roost was, of course, placed on a tall post. crafted from peeled tree.
Are you looking for some intriguing solutions for your garden? Then, check out this charming and stylish bird house! It's gonna bring you a huge dose of style and a unique feeling of being close to the nature.
Lovely birdhouse designed to hang on the wall. Construction is made of wood and has a decorative shutters, doors and roof. Designed for outdoor use. It was positively evaluated by customers.


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DCCC poll: Rosen, Clinton lead in CD3
by Jon Ralston Tue, 06/28/2016 - 21:34
A survey taken for the Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee shows the party's nominees for Congress and president leading in Rep. Joe Heck's swing congressional district.
These are the first public polling results from Nevada in the White House race since both primary races ended (there wasn't much before, either), and they indicate Hillary Clinton likely is ahead of Donald Trump in the state. Both the congressional and presidential contests have a substantial number of undecided voters four months from Election Day -- about a quater of voters in both races.
The poll of Congressional District 3 voters, conducted 10 days ago, showed Jacky Rosen leading Danny Tarkanian by 40 percent to 34 percent and Hillary Clinton ahead of Donald Trump by 43-35. The DCCC surveyed 341 likely voters, a relatively small sample, which resulted in a 5.3 percent margin of error.
The polling memo, which is below, shows Rosen well ahead among independents and Hispanics. Although she clearly is not as well known as Tarkanian, his favorability ratings with the general electorate are upside down (22/35).
Heck's district is almost evenly split among Democrats and Republicans, with the former enjoying a 5,000-voter advantage among 352,000 total voters. The presidential race numbers indicate that if Clinton has a substantial lead in Heck's district, she likely is ahead statewide by a clear margin.
President Obama won Heck's district by less than a point in 2012 when he won Nevada by 6 points; he took the district by 9 points in 2008 when he won the state by more than 12 points. So if you extrapolate, with Clinton winning handily in overwhelmingly Democratic CD1 and CD4 and losing big in the rest of the state, it's not unreasonable to believe Clinton's Nevada lead could be in the high single digits.
Both contests are subject to the vicissitudes of the national presidential race. And it is (relatively) early. But this snapshot shows CD3, only held once by a Democrat in its history, clearly is in play and that Nevada for the thrid straight presidential cycle leans blue.
(I have seen the entire poll. The demographics look good, and no push questions were asked before the horse races.)
06292016 NV 03 Polling Memo by Jon Ralston

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


HMDX Audio, creators of the number o ne selling HMDX JAM Bluetooth® speaker in the US, has launched three of its best products from its Jam Collection in India – Jam Classic, Jam Plus and Jam Party. These funky Bluetooth speakers perfect for all occasions; lounging near the pool, sitting around a bonfire, meeting in the office conference room or just hanging out in the kitchen because it is designed with just one idea in mind: sharing your music.
The three international bestsellers being launched in India, deliver sweet sound while breaking away from traditional industry designs to showcase sleek shapes and amazing finishes in bright, vibrant colours that compliment HMDX Audio's demographics' style and taste.
The #1 selling Bluetooth speakers in the U.S, the HMDX JAM Classic will spread the Jam in living rooms, offices, gyms, beaches and dorm rooms. With incredible sound in a small package – the JAM Classic can be paired with any Bluetooth-enabled device, up to 30 feet away. The built-in rechargeable battery delivers up to 4 hours of wireless play.
The JAM Plus is one of the first Bluetooth speaker in the market that can be paired with another JAM Plus for true stereo sound. It features a re-chargeable lithium-ion battery that can pump out six hours of continuous play.
Incredible two stereo speakers deliver superior bass performance with upto 12 hours of wireless play for a party that lasts all night! An integrated pop-out handle for easy portability and multiple flavors to express your true colors. These portable speaker are perfect to bring the music anywhere and it also works on AC or rechargeable battery or any Bluetooth-enabled device upto 30 feet away.


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Paul Soulellis
Printed Web, No. 1
Soulellis, Library of the Printed Web
Printed Web is the first publication devoted to web-to-print art and discourse. Featuring 64 pages of new work by artists who use screen capture, image grab, site scrape and search query.
Winter 2014 contributors: Joachim Schmid, Penelope Umbrico, Mishka Henner, Clement Valla, David Horvitz, Chris Alexander, Christian Bök, Benjamin Shaykin, and Paul Soulellis.
Texts by Hito Steyerl and Kenneth Goldsmith.
by LFurter
A Wikipedia Reader David Horvitz and editor Books $25.00
Sixteen Google Street Views Jon Rafman Books $15.00
Dear Tumblr, Please Delete Me Joanna Rosso Books / Zines $12.00
FAQNP Ray Cha and Editor / Zines $7.00
Printed Web Paul Soulellis Periodicals / Artists' Books $20.00
Dad Tweets Amy Burek Books / Zines $2.00
Barcode Cornel West Flipbook Scott Blake Books / Flip Books $10.00
Printed Matter, as its name suggest it, doesn't have any digital book yet. <br> But in a Post-Digital period even printed books are informed by the digital culture. I've found some books (well, digital images of books) that could fit into the category "books that relate to digital culture". An example I really like is the FAQNP, a very specific zine dedicated to the meeting of queer and so-called nerd culture. From its title onwards, FAQNP refers to digital and programming culture. The magazine's name stands for "FAQNP is A Queer Nerd Publication", a recursive acronym, the use of which is embedded in programming culture (Like GNU: GNU's Not Unix). The magazine also borrows the graphic vocabulary of this culture: numbered lines (a code shared with the layout of published theater plays), monospaced type, a decorative/structural use of punctuation and markup glyphs < > / \ * + , but also of the black rectangle ❚, which marks the cursor's position in the interfaces of command lines at the end of each article.
/ \ / \ / \ / \ / \ / \ / \ / \ / \ / \
/ \ / \ / \ / \ / \ / \ / \ / \ / \ / \
/ \ / \ / \ / \ / \ / \ / \ / \ / \ / \
/ \ / \ / \ / \ / \ / \ / \ / \ / \ / \
/ \ / \ / \ / \ / \ / \ / \ / \ / \ / \
/ \ / \ / \ / \ / \ / \ / \ / \ / \ / \
/ \ / \ / \ / \ / \ / \ / \ / \ / \ / \
/ \ / \ / \ / \ / \ / \ / \ / \ / \ / \
/ \ / \ / \ / \ / \ / \ / \ / \ / \ / \

To be continued…
Ray Cha and Editor
FAQNP
Brooklyn, NY: FAQNP, 2011
Scott Blake
Barcode Cornel West Flipbook
Omaha, NE: Scott Blake, 2013
Joanna Rosso
Dear Tumblr, Please Delete Me
Los Angeles, CA: ISEEDEMISE, 2013
Amy Burek
Dad Tweets
Alameda, CA: Awkward Ladies Club, 2013
Printed Web
New York, NY: Soulellis and Library of the Printed Web, 2014
Sixteen Google Street Views
Chicago, IL: Golden Age, 2009
David Horvitz and editor
A Wikipedia Reader
Brooklyn, NY: ASDF, 2009


Private Student Loan Consolidation, Is There A Best One?
Private student loan consolidation cannot be generally mixed with federal student loans due to the low interest rate on the latter. However, there are several options open to refinance the private student loans by replacing them with another.
The main advantage of doing this is that instead of making several monthly payments, only a single payment is made every month that may be reduced although this will cost one in terms of higher interest amount paid because the single loan may be for a longer period of time.
There is a way to secure a lower interest rate. The private student loan is based on the credit score. If the credit score has improved by 50 to 100 points due to the fact that you have graduated and have a job, then you will be rewarded with a low interest rate.
Another way of getting a better deal when considering a private student loan consolidation is to talk to the holders of your debts. They may be willing to negotiate with you and cut down your interest rate so that they can keep you as their customer.
This type of loan also incurs the same interest that the home equity loan has. You can have a home equity loan at a fixed rate, thus locking in the low interest rate. However sometimes a variable rate looks attractive as long as you can watch it and lock it the moment it is on an upward trend.
Make sure when you are considering to go this route that you clarify all the terms of the agreement as the above may have changed and that all are put in writing and signed by both parties. The best one is the one that fits your needs. There you have some of the possible lenders and the other options when considering to do the private student loan consolidation.
The following is not for private student loan debt consolidation, but we thought you might be able to get some free information that might be able to help you so read Student Loan Debt Consolidation to find out. Besides, we could not find any good product on the Private Student Loan Consolidation.
Refresh Article 68 Private Student Loan Consolidation, Is There A Best One?
Return from Article 68 Private Student Loan Consolidation, Is There A Best One? to Debt Challenges Home Page for the Disclaimer.


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VOC's & Trihalamethanes
Bacteriological
Minerals & Metals
Fluouride
What are VOC's? (Volatile Organic Chemicals)
VOC's are volatile organic chemicals, which means that they evaporate at lower temperatures. They are low weight. It is harder for the carbon to adsorb VOC's than chlorine. It needs more contact time and a uniform media for VOC adsorption.
Pete Wilson required the addition of fluoride to all municipalities in California in 1996. Our reverse osmosis systems do reduce the fluoride content in the water (95-99% rejection rate).
Will my kids will get cavaties if take the fluoride out?
Whether you need Fluoride in your water is something for you to decide, based on the information you get from the resources you trust. Like any controversial issue, there are studies supporting both sides and experts backing both positions. Many of our RO customers have their children apply fluoride topically or take homeopathic doses of fluoride. You could talk to your dentist, chiropractor or alternative practitioner about that.
Most people who are using these systems feel that fluoride can be a health detriment, especially older people who are at risk for osteoporosis, and that we are exposed to far too much fluoride as it is, which puts us at risk for brittle bones (osteoporosis) and fluorodosis (yellowing and weakening of the teeth later in life).
For further information, articles on the health hazards of fluoride can be obtained at The Water Store or online. It is important to know that the amount of fluoride in our municipal water is way within the EPA MCL (4ppm), less than 2ppm.
For those who want fluoride for their children, but also want to remove harmful metals, homeopathic Fluoride supplementation is available, recommended for children up to 6 yrs. old. ('Standard Brands' makes a good one.)
Article from 'Water Conditioning and Purification'
http://www.wcponline.com/pdf/1002Michaud.pdf
Article from 'Water Tech Online':
WATER INDUSTRY NEWS Study links drinking-water fluoride to low IQ scores in children Wednesday, December 22, 2010 NEW YORK — Results of a new study recently pre-published in Environmental Health Perspectives suggests that exposure to fluoride may lower children's intelligence, according to a press release.
In this study, 512 children aged 8-13 years in two Chinese villages were studied and tested — Wamaio with an average of 2.47 mg/L water fluoride and Xinhuai averaging 0.36 mg/L.
About 28 percent of the children in the low-fluoride area scored as bright, normal or higher intelligence compared to only 8 percent in the high-fluoride area of Wamaio, the release stated.
In the high-fluoride city, 15 percent had scores indicating mental retardation and only 6 percent in the low-fluoride city.
"This is the 24th study that has found this association, but this study is stronger than the rest because the authors have controlled for key confounding variables and in addition to correlating lowered IQ with levels of fluoride in the water, the authors found a correlation between lowered IQ and fluoride levels in children's blood," said Paul Connett, Ph.D., director of the Fluoride Action Network. "This brings us closer to a cause and effect relationship between fluoride exposure and brain damage in children."
For related information, click here.


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The Hauge Movement in America
Hauge Lutheran Innermission Federation (Home Page)
Chapter 5 - Relations with the church bodies
Chapter 5 - Lay-activity and the Norwegian Synod
A Few Outstanding witnesses 1864 -1917 Part 1
A few Outstanding Witnesses 1864-1917 Part 2
Old Lay Preachers
Chapter 6 - The Hauge Revival Movement Organized
Chapter 6 - Illinois Inner Mission Society
ILLINOIS INNER MISSION SOCIETY
The Awakening at Stavanger
By Peder Fostervold
(Our dear departed brother must have written this not so long before his passing, while he was ill and suffering, so I shall translate as much as we have room for—word for word.—Ed.)
At Christmas time, 1905, Dagfin Aske—or Ellefsen, as he also was called, was converted to God in his blacksmith shop. God works in one soul and through one. Dagfin went to T. H. Varland, one of the few Christians, and asked him to start prayer meetings and small meetings in homes. And happy was Varland to get the meetings started. The minister had just moved and the group had no real preacher with them. But the Spirit was at work just the same.
To begin with only Varland, the newly converted Dagfin, another new convert, Aksel Vaag, John Osthus, Zacharias Syverson and Sivert Arneson took part in prayer and testimony. More people began to attend. So they began to have the meetings twice a week—Wednesday and Saturday evening. Among others who attended were a number of newcomers from the Stavanger Amt district, Norway. As the meetings continued there came to be a peculiar hunger among the people, and the houses could not hold the crowds, so they began to meet in the Stavanger Church. People came from far and near, the revival spirit slowly broke loose and began to spread around, but they began in these little house meetings and through these humble lay-brethren.
The Wednesday night meetings were held in the Stavanger Church, but the Saturday night meetings began to be held farther and farther away—at Hodges Grove, at old Fox River and away down in Westland and other places. They paid no attention to parish boundaries, but went where there was an invitation. People were awakened and found life and God, both young, middle-aged and even older people. Brother Varland sent for 60 Bibles for the newly converted.
There was not much, if any, human pressure at these meetings. Very little urging was present, but the Christians fell on their knees at the close of the meetings through the urging of the Holy Spirit, and seeking souls came and knelt with the Christians for the first time.
Privately and in daily life there was much spiritual conversation. Few came into the blacksmith shop of the very first convert unless he admonished them to give their hearts to God. When neighbors met along the fences or in the cornfields, they would stop their horses and talk about the one thing needful. Sometimes you would find them kneeling over in the field. When they saw the unconverted they asked God for strength to admonish them to seek the Lord.
Of course the devil was not idle when he was losing so many. From the very beginning there had been opposition. As usual the enmity came from the unconverted church members. The Deacons had planned to lock the church and keep it locked. One of them was going to find out for sure about this new "thing," at least before he locked the church against them, And he did find out—he and his family were converted to God. His name was Ludvik Seal.
The ordained ministers finally got very interested in this. Deputations were even sent to find out what this movement really was. Many were against it, but ministers like N. G. Peterson at Lisbon, and Aarrestad at Morris understood it was from God and encouraged the newly converted. An outstanding layman from Norway, called Viking-Rasmussen, who later was ordained, was also of much help to the newly converted.
However, when some of the new converts wanted to join the Stavanger congregation they had a hard time to be admitted. The usual weapon was used against them: "They were not good Lutherans." One by one was examined pretty thoroughly as to the Lutheran doctrine. One broke out crying and said he knew little about Lutheranism, but he knew he was a sinner saved by grace. Most of the others said the same. Long consultations were held whether they should be admitted to membership. If it had not been for Pastor N. G. Peterson from Lisbon who was asked to lead the meeting, very likely they would not have been admitted at all. Finally, however, and with hesitation, they were accepted into the church.
The Spirit of God did not allow the young converts to pout or get mad. I wonder if our present-day Christians are strong on this point?
They had no special preachers at their meetings. The blacksmith testified, bathed in tears, which made a powerful impression. Ludvik Seal, the converted deacon, testified about the great change in his life. "I went to church and communion and kept lulling myself to sleep. I was on the way to hell with my big family. What an awful thing to live in such self-deceit. I imagined I was on the way to heaven, but I was going to hell." Mrs. Martha Johnson came 6 or 7 miles to the meetings in her buggy. Later her husband was converted.—So far Peder Fostervold.
This was a blessed and most encouraging report. It is sad, however, that brother Fostervold in a later sentence or two at the close lets us surmise that a large number backslid after this revival. If so, very likely some of the ice-cold churches they joined had much to do with it. We shall not only plow and plant, but water, cultivate, help, encourage the young converts—and God must give the increase.
On the back-ground of this wonderful revival the Illinois Inner Mission was started and organized at Gardner, Ill., in January, 1907. Among the founders were Sjur Myhrebo (chosen leader), Filip Oakland, T. H. Varland (elected secretary), Severt Arneson, Andrew Jager, Rasmus Thompson (elected assistant leader), John Edmunds (treasurer), Lars Severson, Thor Christenson, Ingebrekt Olson, N. J. Qually, L. J. Seal, John Osthus, Lars Rasmussen, Ole DahI, Jonas Jelsa, Andrew Osthus, Jacob Vetteland, Stene Hill. Six of these brethren had been converted in an awakening at Stavanger.
God's favor and blessing was upon the newly organized Inner Mission from the beginning. At the next three-day meetings in the Stavanger church a strong awakening spirit was present. They kept on till past midnight. At least three souls gave their hearts to God in one night. A pastor Lonne from Elliot, Ill., helped along. 17 new members joined, among whom was a new convert from the Stavanger revival, Elias Rasmussen, who now is pastor of the Norwegian Memorial church in Minneapolis.
Some of the new converts felt in their tender hearts they ought to give to help the cause of the Inner Mission, but had little or nothing. So they borrowed a dollar each to give. But then they felt it was too little. They had to pray over it together—in the barn. After prayer they decided to give $6 apiece. How they got hold of the $6 brother Fostervold does not tell. But they were blessed in their souls, and God has blessed them since.
The Illinois Inner Mission grew up to be a strong society with men who were not afraid to labor, sacrifice and give to God's cause. In the course of time they began a tent- mission which required much extra work and efforts. They were among the first, if not the very first of the Inner Missions, that started tent-meetings. They have made use of many outstanding evangelists: Ludvig Hope, J. Daasvand and others from Norway, the late Prof. Broen and a great number of laymen's pastors and lay-evangelists here among
us. Souls have been won and the new life in God's people has been greatly strengthened. But through misunderstanding and opposition all God's work progresses; as everywhere, so here. As Filip Oakland once remarked to the question about the progress of the work: "Hated yet loved —in evil report and in good report."
The leading brethren in 1940 were Ole Erickson, Joliet, president; Knute Bjelland, Newark, vice-president; T. S. Sandeno, Gardner, secretary; Lars Espevik, treasurer; and also Sivert Berke, Martin Bjelland and Pastor L. L. Mastad.—May the new song of the saved souls never die out among the brethren. God has called them by name to labor for Him. May they always be found faithful.
(Information furnished by Secretary T. S. Sandeno)
They sing forever the new song
Sjur S. Myrebo, Minooka, Ill., the first leader of the Inner Mission, and otherwise an outstanding servant in the church of God, was born at Olen, Sondhordland, Norway, March 17, 1850. He came to America at an early age and married Julia Mickelson in 1875. They had 11 children. He and wife were converted while young and God called Sjur into definite service for Him. He prayed his way into God's work. He attended the Hauge Seminary at Red Wing, Minn. for two years, but God did not lead him into the ordained ministry. He did, however, receive spiritual impulses and a wider vision, which was of help later in God's work.
He was heart-and-soul in all inner mission work. He did not neglect his family, but conducted worship in his home twice a day. He studied God's Word a great deal and was often found on his knees in prayer. He was a personal worker for Christ and held prayer to be very important, "A Christian," he said, "must be in the world, but the world must not be in the Christian."
The former Hauge Synod made use of the talents God had given the brother and sent him out as lay-evangelist here and there. He also scattered Christian literature. He believed in the printed word. He also sang the gospel in such songs as, "Der er kraft i Jesu blod" (There is power in the blood of Jesus) and "Tiden forsvinder som en drom" (The time is passing as fast as a dream) and many others. He was gifted as a leader and was a pillar of strength in the Inner Mission as well as in the local church. He was also a liberal giver. His children have followed father in the upward way, among whom is Mrs. Rev. T. J. Severtson, and Mrs. Rev. Torbjorn Hanson and Mrs. Sam Kettleson.
In March, 1918, he was called into the joy of the Lord. His life and testimony were spiritual guide posts, which guided many into life eternal. His widow survived for a number of years.—"A jewel lost on earth is forever kept in heaven."
In Filip Oakland, Newark, Ill., whose acceptable time to enter heaven came on May 24, 1924, the brethren in the Inner Mission lost a real pillar of Grace. He was a gifted lay-evangelist both in the former Hauge Synod, where he often would take a leading part at the large annual conventions, and in all inner mission activities and local church-work.
During the 24 hours he was ill, he enjoyed heaven on earth in the midst of great suffering. He lived not by bread alone, but by every word that proceeded out of the mouth of God, While dying he desired his pastor, L. L. Mastad, to sing. He sang, "Jesus kommer, ja han kommer, snart at hente sine hjem"—"Jesus is coming soon to take His own home." He used Oakland's name in the song: "Jesus is coming to take Oakland home." Just as he sang these words God actually took him home—an unusual co-incidence.
The Inner Mission felt it should have a special memorial service for the beloved brother. He had been its secretary up to the time of his death and he died just as the meeting was being held at Newark. Many testified how God had blessed them through the departed brother. He had looked forward to this meeting with joy. Now he was in the redeemed audience in glory. This was on May 28th, the evening of the funeral. But the brother continued to live so strong in the hearts of the brethren that they had to continue on the 29th in the same tenor—with memorial speeches and memorial testimonies, not to praise the departed, but to praise God for His mercy through the departed, to encourage one another and admonish the unconverted. In the evening of the same day, which was Ascension Day, the young people had their testimony meeting. The presence of the Holy Spirit with brotherly love and unction from heaven and a Grace that melted the hearts were manifested throughout.—How much more of this we shall experience when we enter heaven itself.
Filip Oakland was born in the Valestrand parish northeast of Haugesund, Norway. Johan Oakland, Irene, S. B., also a beloved Inner Mission leader and lay-evangelist, was his cousin. There was something peculiarly sweet, savory and attractive in Filip Oakland's personality, voice and manners. Christ was living in him, and death was gain.
We also have room for a passing word about other leading brethren in the Lord, who have carried the burden and heat of the day in God's Work.
John Edmunds, Elliot, Ill., another founder of the Inner Mission and its treasurer for a while, went home about 20 years ago. His widow, a sister of the Erickson brothers and a helper in God's work, is still with us.
John Uhr, Ottawa, Ill., another strong supporter and for a time an officer of the Society, had a good testimony. He left us some 15 years ago.
Tobias Varland, also from Ottawa, was another of the founders and for some time secretary. He was a real brother of prayer and interceded for others, my self included. He joined the redeemed audience of perfect praise some 10 years ago. He always stood up for the living truth.
—And a host of other men and women who labored here and did what God wanted them to do, are now singing the New Song and waiting for us in heaven. May the friends, who are still with us, live daily in the blood-bought pardon and serve God in love.
I nearly forgot Nils Nilson, of Lisbon, and Jacob Vetteland, of Joliet. Nilson came as a child to America and was a soldier in the Civil War. He was converted to God, while in the war, at a prayer meeting in the Camp. He came home from the war with the peace of God in his heart. He was a very helpful brother in Inner Mission work and a leader for some years.
Brother Vetteland was converted while young, and began to testify. He was one of the founders of the Inner Mission Society and also a pillar of strength in the local church work at Joliet. He was truly a brother, encouraging others and drawing them up on higher ground. He was born March 19, 1866, at Egersund, Norway. He died at Joliet Dec. 4, 1932.—Nils Nilsen died Sept. 15, 1923, age 83. They are gone, but not forgotten.
Another beloved brother, T. Erickson, Ottawa, went home about 1937. Nils Quale died April 20, 1940, age 82. He was an old veteran in inner mission work.
Some of the living brethren not before mentioned are very active in the society and its work. There are Knut Fosse, an old inner mission veteran, the Boe brothers, Hans Boe, whose grandmother, Helga Vormeland, bore a living testimony in Norway, Tom and Jacob Erickson, the Eddy brothers, T. Monson, Mrs. P. Range, Conrad Tofte and many, many others, who by their means, or hospitality, or labor, or prayer and testimony or otherwise are strengthening God's work. It is fine that a number of younger Christians are also with them and take part. It is good that Jesus made a will that lawyers cannot break and that we can all come in on it.
Besides the tent-meetings, which are a real Gospel campaign every summer, the brethren had ten larger meetings in 1940. They gave about $180 to various good causes and missions. They laid aside $200 for buying a new tent. They don't believe in going into debt.
May the brethren be in close touch with the heavenly wireless in these dark days, and never be like those rivers that freeze up at the mouth, but confess His precious name in word and deed.
Andrew Olson—A letter
We should not forget our old veterans and their many and various experiences, so we are glad to print this letter:
"I have lived at Rhinelander, Wis., since 1896. We have no inner mission society. But we used to belong to the Western Wisconsin Mission, which is far away. We have had "vennestevner" — fellowship meetings — in our home until the minister spoke against it. Then the meetings died out. So we understand that not all the ministers are in for lay-activity. Most of those that came to those meetings have now departed. They were all Haugeans.
"The Eielsen Synod (another branch of the Haugeans) sent their ministers up here in former days. Then we had prayer meetings and lay-activity. Among their pastors who visited us were Wiek, Bianess, S. M. Stenby, and Stensether, all of the Elling Synod. They have all held meetings in our home. The younger pastors seem to have less use for prayer meetings. At our last prayer meeting the minister spoke against it, and since we have not had any. We have just a few who stand fast on the solid ground and the teaching we received from Norway."
We hope the men of the Elling Synod continue to visit the aging brother and encourage him in his faith. The Hauge Federation ought to see to it that he is visited. We still live in a free country, brother, and no preacher can shut the door to your own house. Keep on with meetings.
Andrew Olson is a brother of Iver Olson, who worked so faithfully the last years of his life in the Chicago Inner Mission on North Avenue. A member of that mission, John Olson, has written a poem to his memory. We shall print the second verse, which gives a true picture of Iver Olson:
"Saa ofte vi hørtc dig vidne
For baadc store og smaa,
Men dog det skjønneste minde
Er troeslivet dit sorn vi saa.
Det var ei blot de ord du talte,
Nei, livet i Gud lyste klart,
Med hele din fremfaerd du malte
Et biled saa skjønt, underbart."
Let us remember brother Andrew Olsen in our prayers. God grant him grace to be faithful unto the end.
Lutheran Prayer Circle of Joliet, Ill.
(Information by Mrs. Ole Erickson)
These friends are few, yet they have not denied His name and they have kept His Word. Old Lydia in Acts 16 was one of the leaders of a prayer circle that the world paid no attention to—out by the river-side. The Valdense Christians in the dark age of the Roman Catholic church, when it was at the very darkest, had such prayer circles. Revivals have very often started out from prayer circles, though it has seemed dark for a long time. But keep on pulling at the bell-rope of prayer!
The present Prayer Circle in Joliet was started about 1925. The members were 5 or 6 to begin with: Mrs. 0. Eddy, Mrs. G. Berg, Mrs. A. Pedersen, who went home to be with her Savior in 1940, and Mrs. J. Vetteland, who is waiting to receive the message of home-coming, and also at times Mrs. Iver Eddy. Those who are mostly active now are Mrs. 0. Eddy, Mrs. G. Berg, and Mrs. Ole Erickson. When they come together they pray and sing God's praises and give of their means to God's work. In 1940 they sent $31 to the evangelistic work of the Hauge Federation.
The friends have experienced that God has been true to His promises, that where there are two or three gathered in His name, there He is in the midst of them. God grant them special grace to carry on, like the widow who came again and again to the unjust judge. She obtained her rights at last. Shall God answer the prayers of His children who cry to Him day and night?—But when He returns, shall faith be found on earth?—May God encourage the sisters. Hope more will join them, also a few men, though it is not always so easy for the men in the day-time. But we certainly need the help of Aaron and Hur to hold our hands up in these last dark days. It would be wonderful if Jesus when He returns should find us at a prayer meeting.
We surely are thankful for the unusual interest Mr. and Mrs. Ole Erickson have shown in making it possible to publish this book.
The Early Inner Mission in Chicago
(Information by Kr. Petterson)
It is easy to get mixed up about all the different Inner Mission Societies in Chicago, so I shall enumerate them here, both the dead and the living ones.
1. The first one we know of, aside from the Scandinavian Y.M.C.A., was started in 1884 or '85 by Christians of the Trinity Church. They met not less than three times a week—at least for awhile: Sunday afternoons and Tuesday and Friday evenings. In 1887 lay-evangelist Hoff from Norway arrived and labored for several years among the friends. He was a man of prayer and an outstanding personal worker. Many souls were added to the Lord. John Holland, who later became minister in the former United Church, S. Staalesen and others were used by God. People flocked to the meetings, and both distress under sin and joy over salvation were experienced.
In 1809 J. N. Kildahl of the former United Church arrived in Chicago as pastor of the Bethlehem church. He took a real interest in the Inner Mission and was with the brethren whether he was asked to speak or not; but he also spoke often and encouraged the work. The revival that had started was founded on a sound Biblical basis. But by 1894 the splendid work of the society seemed to have been completed, at least it discontinued. Some of the members moved away; new churches, like Saron Free Church, started up and many members became active there. Not less than four of the active members went to Africa in 1892, Malla Moe and Emilie Forbord among them. It was the well-known Franson who was instrumental in sending them out. Others became active in Norwegian Young People's Societies in various churches, etc. Many have praised God, both on earth and in heaven, for the spiritual work done by the earliest Inner Mission in Chicago from 1884 to 1894.—So far Kr. Petterson.
2. The first regular Inner Mission was founded in 1910 by the help of Ludvig Hope and the Inner Mission people of Illinois. Until its division in 1918 it carried on a great work.
3, 4. These two branches lingered on more or less in a declining and difficult way until 1928, when there was not much left.
5. The present strong Inner Mission on North Avenue that started up in 1928 and which even in 1940 started a tent-mission—a great undertaking. May God carry it through the many difficulties in the large city.
6. The Chicago Lutheran Home Rescue Mission founded in 1934. It carries on its soul-saving activity among all nations at 1701 W. Monroe St., and has started the Rainbow Lake Bible Camp at Trufant, Mich. Edw. Nelson is the chief promoter of all this great work for God.
7. The Hauge English Lutheran Inner Mission Society of Chicago, organized in 1937, which also is described in another place. It carries on a blessed testimony and tent- meeting work, mostly on the South Side.
8. The Scandinavian Y. M. C. A., which Edw. Hanson describes. It has been and still is a genuine soul-winning institution like the rest. Its mission hall is on N. Kedzie near North Avenue.
9. The Norwegian Young People's Societies of the Landsforbund, which also carry on a soul-saving activity. They often have real evangelistic meetings where many have found peace with God.
Besides all the above-named there is a great soul-saving activity among the Norwegian Baptists, Methodists, Salvation Army and the Free Evangelical church. For them all let us praise God from whom all blessings flow. And we must not forget all the other mighty work for the salvation of souls by all the other nationalities in the great city. Through churches, rescue missions, Gospel tabernacles, over the air, and on the street corners a tremendous amount of personal work is carried on. The great representative of heaven, namely the Holy Spirit, is carrying on a wonderful work in the midst of all the appalling wickedness in Chicago—and in other great cities. May the works of the devil soon be destroyed!
Hauge English Lutheran Inner Mission of Chicago
(Information by Sidney Swensen)
Here we have a young and very active daughter of the older inner missions in Chicago. A group of younger Christians with Edward Nelson in the lead felt the stirring in the tops of the trees and launched out for the Lord to win lost souls in 1937. They held a series of tent-meetings on Laurel and LeMoine Avenues in North Chicago. They definitely organized October 23, 1937, under the present name, taking "Hauge" along in the name to show that the movement was part of the Hauge revival movement both in Norway and here among us. That showed a fine spirit in these younger English speaking brethren. Their organization joined the Hauge Federation at its yearly meeting at Fergus Falls, Minn., in 1938, which was another encouraging step.
The organization continued somewhat as a branch of the Lutheran Rescue Mission on Monroe street and had tent meetings in North Chicago for two years. They felt led to move to South Chicago at First Street and Ashland Avenue South, in 1940. The younger Christians, mostly members of the Ebenezer Lutheran Church, were completely in control. Edw. Nelson and the other leading brethren on the north side had their hands full with the Rescue Mission at 1701 W. Monroe.
The brethren who now in 1941 are at the head of the Inner Mission are Sidney Swensen, president; A. J. Olsen, vice-president; Frank Larsen, treasurer; Raymond Swensen, secretary. Others on the tent-committee are Ole Boe, C. Oas, James Erickson and Henry Erickson and F. Jacobsen.
We are thankful that the Spirit has kindled a fire in the hearts of these brethren. May it be kept burning! They have their own tent and had a blessed series of meetings in 1940. May the same fire spread to other young Christians here and there to launch out for the Lord and for the salvation of souls. May the regenerating fire of the Holy Spirit be kindled among us. Remember this mission and these brethren when you pray.
The Norwegian Lutheran Inner Mission of Chicago
By Martin Andersen
Living Christians from Norway who had experienced the miracle of a new birth were active in organizing this mission in the home of Mrs. Sara Nilsen, August 21, 1928. Among the first members were Peder Erickson, Johs. Treland, Lars Halle, Peder Monsen, Rudolf Nilsen, Jacob Aase, Edward Nelson, H. C. Hansen, Pastor M. E. Sletta, L. Wennerud, Mr. and Mrs. Hans Carisen, A. Meland, Th. Ellefsen, Haakon and Olaf Monsen.
For some years the mission has hired a hall, which is now a real "Mission Hall" on 3018 W. North Avenue. But as the way to God for many often goes through the stomach, and as there were many down-and-outs that loitered around the mission, the brethren, though many of them are hard up and without employment themselves, started giving free lunches after the Saturday evening services in 1930. This by the help of some very faithful and devoted women they have been able to keep up ever since. These Saturday evening meetings are usually crowded, and physically and spiritually they spread much sunshine to many who are utterly down and out. Sinners have found peace with God at these meetings, and started to live new lives.
For awhile the brethren had what in Norway is called "free communion" in the hall, which meant much for brotherly love and was a source of spiritual strength.
In the summers the brethren have attended "stevner" or fellowship meetings with brethren from farther away— in Ottawa, Racine and other places, where the gifts of grace have been made use of in testimony, song and prayer. They also have a fine string-band that plays at all the meetings in the mission hall, which is a special source of blessing.
The Inner Mission has a fine auxiliary in the Ladies' Aid, which raises money for the need of the mission, and where they testify, sing and pray at every meeting.
They also have an active sick-committee which visits the needy in homes, at hospitals and asylums, and at other places of deep need. As far as they can they distribute clothing and shoes to the needy ones. In the basement of the mission hall a number of homeless and down-and-out men find a home and stay for months, in some cases for years at the time.
Every year at Thanksgiving and Christmas the brethren have special festival meetings with free meals for all the needy ones. These meetings are very large and are held in large church basements.
On Tuesday nights the mission has its prayer, testimony or Bible meetings. In 1939 the mission bought a tent and started its own tent-meetings. They continued for some two months and called in evangelists. These meetings were very well attended and proved a great blessing. Often evangelists from Norway have labored among the brethren. Halvor Andresen, Slordal, Jorgen Ness, Knut Rettedahl, J. Daasvand, and A. Dorumsgaard are a few of these. Evangelist Ingolf Martinussen has held very well attended Bible hours among them every fall and spring.
Peder Ericksen was the first leader of the mission. Rudolf Nelsen was his assistant. The present leader is Peder Monsen, 2501 St. Louis Avenue. John Olsen, 1930 N. Spaulding, is treasurer. As the work has been done mostly among Scandinavian people, the Norwegian language has been used, except at the tent-meetings, when the languages have been used alternately.
Such a great work for the Lord requires means. The annual budget, however, is only $800. Hall-rent, light, etc., cost money. The friends are toiling on in absolutely unselfish devotion, coming often long distances on street-car or in auto with never a cent in human recompense.
The fire of the devil is terribly hot in Chicago and leads to a still hotter fire in hell. May God strengthen the brethren to carry on, knowing that their labor in the Lord is not in vain. May also the friends outside Chicago remember the brethren with means to reach as many lost souls as possible.
Absent from the body, present with the Lord
Mrs. Sara Nilsen, in whose home the Inner Mission was organized in 1928, had her heart in God's work and took part in prayer and testimony.
Mrs. Bertha Tallaksen and Mrs. Malla Johnson were among the sisters who were "last at the cross and first at the grave" when it came to unselfish service for the Lord. Bertha came home from the mission where she labored Saturday night, and Sunday morning she was home with the Lord. She knew in whom she believed.
Iver Olson, who is described elsewhere, was leader for a while—a leader by the grace of God. His strongest point was to encourage others. There was a brotherly, loving and encouraging atmosphere about him. He could make things go and get others to work with life and alacrity. God called him up to the marriage supper of the Lamb July 5, 1938. Age 81.
Mr. and Mrs. Hans Carlsen were among the founders of the mission in 1928. She left to join the blood-washed throng about 1934. He continued with us until 1940. He was rich in spiritual experiences and gave himself to the ministry of prayer. He prayed for God's people and many that he knew, both here and in Norway—prayed for them by name. Your heart hardly could remain empty when brother Carlsen prayed for people by name. You would perhaps not know the names. But it felt like finding "Honey in the Rock." It shall be wonderful to meet him in heaven.
These and many others have now arrived in the everlasting territory and have been ushered into the presence of the Lamb.
Among those who have worked a long time unselfishly in the Mission, and are still toiling on, may be mentioned: Mr. and Mrs. Martin Andersen, Edward Nelson, Mr. and Mrs. A. Knutson, Mr. and Mrs. Malmberg, Granberg, Mr. and Mrs. Peder Monsen, Ben Johnson, Mr. and Mrs. Ole Reitan, and a number of others. God strengthen their hearts to carry on. The Mission reaches a great number that never set their foot in any church. It is a real station of salvation. Remember their work in prayer and with gifts. Martin Andersen closes his report by saying: "May the fresh spiritual stream pulsate freely and a lay-activity with new power flow in among our people on this side of the ocean. May the motto of Hauge be our motto: 'I have sworn obedience to the Holy Spirit, and God has given me grace to be faithful.' May God grant us to go on in the same spirit !"
The Bethany Inner Mission joined the Hauge Federation and has always, or nearly always been represented at all the annual conventions of the Federation. They make it a point to keep the interest of the Federation alive among them. Often we hear from them in the "Indremissionsvennen." They deserve a special place in our hearts and our prayers. Remember the name and address of the treasurer, John Olsen, 1930 N. Spaulding, Chicago, Illinois. "Stir me to give! Stir me to pray !"
Chicago Norwegian Lutheran Inner Mission
(Information by P. F. Eriksen)
This Inner Mission, which was organized in 1918, should not be forgotten, though now for various reasons it has ceased to exist.
Among the lay-brethren, Pastors H. A. Hanson and T. J. Alvestad were along in starting the movement; other ministers were against it, as usually is the way with so many. They had their meetings Sunday afternoons. They kept themselves carefully from all criticism of others. It worked quietly for a number of years, and perhaps has not set deep marks. But it was a real blessing to those of God's people who took part and attended.
Among the supporters, besides the two pastors, were P. E. Eriksen, president; Edw. Nelson, vice-president; Rudolf Nilsen and Iver Olson. Also others were among the leading brethren. They joined the Hauge Federation and were supporters of the "Indremissionsvennen." Bethany Inner Mission on North Avenue, which now is doing so much blessed rescue mission work, is a continuation of the older mission.
May the bread that was cast upon the waters by these brethren come again after many days. It was a labor, though somewhat forgotten by the people, that has been recorded in God's Book of Remembrance.
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        ColorSlider Reference

        PreviewState Enum Reference

            Classes

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PreviewState

public enum PreviewState

The display state of a preview view.

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The color is not being changed and the preview view is centered at the last modified point.

Declaration

Swift

case inactive

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The color is still being changed, but the preview view center is fixed.
This occurs when a touch begins inside the slider but continues outside of it.
In this case, the color is actively being modified, but the preview remains fixed at
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Declaration

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The color is being actively changed and the preview view center will be updated to match the current color.

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text:
[G.R. No. L-68147. June 30, 1988.]
AMADA RANCE, MERCEDES LACUESTA, MELBA GUTIERREZ, ESTER FELONGCO, CATALINO ARAGONES, CONSOLACION DE LA ROSA, AMANCIA GAY, EDUARDO MENDOZA, ET AL., Petitioners, v. THE NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS COMMISSION, POLYBAG MANUFACTURING CORPORATION, VIRGINIA MALLARI, JOHNNY LEE, ROMAS VILLAMIN, POLYBAG WORKERS UNION, PONCIANO FERNANDEZ, AND ANTONIO ANTIQUERA, Respondents.
D E C I S I O N
PARAS, J.:
A review of the records shows that a Collective Bargaining Agreement was entered into on April 30, 1981 by and between respondents Polybag Manufacturing Corporation and Polybag Workers Union which provides among others:jgc:chanrobles.com.ph
"ARTICLE V
UNION SECURITY
Any employee within the bargaining unit who is a member of the union at the time of the effectivity of this agreement or becomes a member of the UNION thereafter, shall during the term thereof or any extension, continue to be a member in good standing of the UNION as a condition of continued employment in the COMPANY.
Any employee hired during the effectivity of this agreement shall, within 30 days after becoming regular join the UNION and continue to be a member in good standing thereof as a condition of continued employment in the COMPANY.
On the basis of a board resolution of the UNION, the COMPANY shall dismiss from the service any member of the UNION who loses his membership in good standing either by resignation therefrom or expulsion therefrom for any of the following causes:chanrob1es virtual 1aw library
1.	Disloyalty to the UNION;
2.	Commission of acts inimical to the interest of the UNION;
3.	Failure and refusal to pay UNION dues and other assessments;
4.	Conviction for any offense or crime; or
5.	Organizing and/or joining another labor organization claiming jurisdiction similar to that of the UNION.chanrobles lawlibrary : rednad
Provided, however, that in case expulsion proceedings are instituted against any member of the UNION, pending such proceedings, the COMPANY, on the basis of a board resolution of the UNION, shall suspend the member concerned; and provided further, that the UNION, jointly and severally with the officers and members of the board voting for the dismissal or suspension, shall hold and render the COMPANY, its executive, owners, and officers free from any and all claims and liabilities." (Rollo, p. 64)
Petitioners herein were among the members of the respondent union who were expelled by the latter for disloyalty in that they allegedly joined the NAFLU — a large federation. Because of the expulsion, petitioners were dismissed by respondent Corporation. Petitioners sued for reinstatement and backwages stating their dismissal was without due process. Losing both in the decisions of the Labor Arbiter and the National Labor Relations Commission (NLRC), they elevated their cause to the Supreme Court.
Respondent Polybag Workers Union as already stated expelled 125 members on the ground of disloyalty and acts inimical to the interests of the Union (Resolution No. 84, series of 1982, Rollo, p. 16) based on the findings and recommendations of the panel of investigators. Both the Labor Arbiter and the NLRC found the Collective Bargaining Agreement and the "Union Security Clause" valid and considered the termination of the petitioners justified thereunder, for having committed an act of disloyalty to the Polybag Workers Union by having affiliated with and having joined the NAFLU, another labor union claiming jurisdiction similar to the former, while still members of respondent union (Rollo, pp. 45-46).
Among the disputed portions of the NLRC decision is its finding that it has been substantially proven that the petitioners committed acts of disloyalty to their union as a consequence of the filing by NAFLU for and in their behalf of the complaint in question (Rollo, p. 46).
Petitioners insist that their expulsion from the Union and consequent dismissal from employment have no basis whether factual or legal, because they did not in fact affiliate themselves with another Union, the NAFLU. On the contrary, they claim that there is a connivance between respondents Company and Union in their illegal dismissal in order to avoid the payment of separation pay by respondent company.
Petitioners' contention that they did not authorize NAFLU to file NLRC-AB Case No. 6-4275-82 for them is borne out by the records which show that they did not sign the complaint, neither did they sign any document of membership application with NAFLU (Rollo, p. 323). Significantly, none of private respondents was able to present any evidence to the contrary except for one employee who admitted having authorized NAFLU to file the complaint but only for the purpose of questioning the funds of the Union (Rollo, p. 216).
Placed in proper perspective, the mere act of seeking help from the NAFLU cannot constitute disloyalty as contemplated in the Collective Bargaining Agreement. At most it was an act of self-preservation of workers who, driven to desperation found shelter in the NAFLU who took the cudgels for them.
It will be recalled that 460 employees were temporarily laid off; some were laid-off as early as March 22, 1982 although the actual official announcement and notice of the intended shutdown was made only on May 27, 1982 (Rollo, p. 151). The laid-off employees did not receive any separation pay because as alleged by respondent company their dismissal was due to serious business reverses suffered by it. The only aid offered by the company which was offered when the disgruntled employees began to discuss among themselves their plight, was a 1/2 sack of rice monthly and P50.00 weekly. Most of the employees did not avail themselves of the aid as those who did were allegedly made to sign blank papers. To aggravate matters, petitioners complained that their pleas for their union officers to fight for their right to reinstatement, fell on deaf ears. Their union leaders continued working and were not among those laid-off, which explains the lack of positive action on the part of the latter to help or even sympathize with the plight of the members. All they could offer was a statement "marunong pa kayo sa may-ari ng kumpanya" ("you know more than the company owners") (Rollo, p. 80). Under the circumstances, petitioners cannot be blamed for seeking help wherever it could be found.chanrobles law library : red
In fact even assuming that petitioners did authorize NAFLU to file the action for them, it would have been pointless because NAFLU cannot file an action for members of another union. The proper remedy would be to drop the union as party to the action and place the names of the employees instead (Lakas v. Marcelo Enterprises, 118 SCRA 422 [1982]) as what appears to have been done in this case before the Court.
Petitioners claim that the NLRC erred in ruling that the expulsion proceeding conducted by the Union was in accordance with its by-laws. Respondent Union had notified and summoned herein petitioners to appear and explain why they should not be expelled from the union for having joined and affiliated with NAFLU.
Petitioners contend that the requisites of due process were not complied with in that, there was no impartial tribunal or union body vested with authority to conduct the disciplinary proceeding under the union constitution and by-laws, and, that complainants were not furnished notice of the charge against them, nor timely notices of the hearings on the same (Rollo, p. 48).
According to the minutes of the special meeting of the Board of Directors of respondent Union held on September 14, 1982, the Chairman of the Board of Directors showed the members of the board, copies of the minutes of the investigation proceedings of each individual member, together with a consolidated list of Union members found guilty as charged and recommended for expulsion as members of the respondent Union. The Board members examined the minutes and the list (Rollo, p. 219).
It is to be noted, however, that only two (2) of the expelled petitioners appeared before the investigation panel (Rollo, pp. 203, 235). Most of the petitioners boycotted the investigation proceedings. They alleged that most of them did not receive the notice of summons from respondent Union because they were in the provinces. This fact was not disproved by private respondents who were able to present only a sample copy of proof of service, Annex "14" (Rollo, p. 215). Petitioners further claim that they had no idea that they were charged with disloyalty; those who came were not only threatened with persecution but also made to write the answers to questions as dictated to them by the Union and company representatives. These untoward incidents prompted petitioners to request for a general investigation with all the petitioners present but their request was ignored by the panel of investigators (Rollo, pp. 280, 307). Again, these allegations were not denied by private respondents.
In any event, even if petitioners who were complainants in NLRC-AB Case No. 6-4275-82 appeared in the supposed investigation proceedings to answer the charge of disloyalty against them, it could not have altered the fact that the proceedings were violative of the elementary rule of justice and fair play. The Board of Directors of respondent union would have acted as prosecutor, investigator and judge at the same time. The proceeding would have been a farce under the circumstances (Lit Employees Association v. Court of Industrial Relations, 116 SCRA 459 [1982] citing Kapisanan ng Mga Manggagawa sa MRR v. Rafael Hernandez, 20 SCRA 109). The filing of the charge of disloyalty against petitioners was instigated by the Chairman of the Board of Directors and Acting Union President, Ponciano Fernandez, in the special meeting of the members of the Board of Directors as convened by the Acting Union President on August 16, 1982 (Rollo, p. 213). The Panel of Investigators created under the Board's Resolution No. 83, s. 1982 was composed of the Chairman of the Board, Ponciano Fernandez, and two (2) members of the Board, Samson Yap and Carmen Garcia (Rollo, p. 214). It is the same Board that expelled its 125 members in its Resolution No. 84, s. of 1982 (Rollo, p. 219).chanrobles.com:cralaw:red
All told, it is obvious, that in the absence of any full blown investigation of the expelled members of the Union by an impartial body, there is no basis for respondent Union's accusations.
It is the policy of the state to assure the right of workers to "security of tenure" (Article XIII, Sec. 3 of the New Constitution, Section 9, Article II of the 1973 Constitution). The guarantee is an act of social justice. When a person has no property, his job may possibly be his only possession or means of livelihood. Therefore, he should be protected against any arbitrary deprivation of his job. Article 280 of the Labor Code has construed security of tenure as meaning that "the employer shall not terminate the services of an employee except for a just cause or when authorized by" the code (Bundoc v. People's Bank and Trust Company, 103 SCRA 599 [1981]). Dismissal is not justified for being arbitrary where the workers were denied due process (Reyes v. Philippine Duplicators, Inc., 109 SCRA 489 [1981] and a clear denial of due process, or constitutional right must be safeguarded against at all times, (De Leon v. National Labor Relations Commission, 100 SCRA 691 [1980]). This is especially true in the case at bar where there were 125 workers mostly heads or sole breadwinners of their respective families.
Time and again, this Court has reminded employers that while the power to dismiss is a normal prerogative of the employer, the same is not without limitations. The employer is bound to exercise caution in terminating the services of his employees especially so when it is made upon the request of a labor union pursuant to the Collective Bargaining Agreement, as in the instant case. Dismissals must not be arbitrary and capricious. Due process must be observed in dismissing an employee because it affects not only his position but also his means of livelihood. Employers should, therefore, respect and protect the rights of their employees, which include the right to labor (Liberty Cotton Mills Workers Union v. Liberty Cotton Mills, Inc., 90 SCRA 393 [1979], Resolution).
In the case at bar, the scandalous haste with which respondent corporation dismissed 125 employees lends credence to the claim that there was connivance between respondent corporation and respondent Union. It is evident that private respondents were in bad faith in dismissing petitioners. They, the private respondents, are guilty of unfair labor practice.
PREMISES CONSIDERED, (1) the decision of respondent National Labor Relations Commission in NLRC-NCR-11-6881-82 dated April 26, 1984 is REVERSED and SET ASIDE; and (2) respondent corporation is ordered: (1) to reinstate petitioners to their former positions without reduction in rank, seniority and salary; (b) to pay petitioners three-year backwages, without any reduction or qualification, jointly and solidarily with respondent Union; and (c) to pay petitioners exemplary damages of P500.00 each. Where reinstatement is no longer feasible, respondent corporation and respondent union are solidarily ordered to pay, considering their length of service their corresponding separation pay and other benefits to which they are entitled under the law.chanrobles lawlibrary : rednad
Yap (C.J.), Melencio-Herrera, Padilla and Sarmiento, JJ., concur.
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The Sticky GM – Encounters (part 4)
April 16, 2020 April 13, 2020 by Peter Rudin-Burgess
This is part 4 in a series:
The Sticky GM (part 1)
Locations (part 2)
Personalities (part 3)
Encounters are not limited to monsters, battles and big bad evil guys. An encounter is anything that forces choices and decisions on your players. The Characters may encounter a sage, or seer that gives them important information. An encounter with a belligerent port official could lead to customs inspections and some awkward questions or an encounter with some roadside witches could offer up a prophesy or dooming that throws the characters' future into doubt.
A well crafted encounter adds a lot of flavour to a game. A simple fight between the characters and some goons can be used to set the tone of the adventure. An encounter where the characters suddenly cross paths with half a dozen low power goons is probably a bit boring. These are frequently used to wear down a party, use up resources, inflict a few minor injuries. All with the intent of making arrival at the final big scene more dramatic and to make that final scene more of a knife edge as to whether victory is assured.
The actual encounters along the way can consume a huge amount time in playing them out, when the characters survival is never really in doubt. Some role-playing games are never safe, critical successes, or failures can result in a character death. Others are more forgiving and as soon as a power gap appears between character and minor monsters, the result is never in doubt.
At this point, all these minor combat encounters are doing is eating into your players valuable, and limited gaming time. If you want to have these skirmishes to wear them down and use up resources, make the encounters count and make them memorable.
Resorting to a basic fantasy trope just for illustrative purposes, the same holds for stormtroopers, deranged cultists or yellow-bellied cattle rustlers. Your party of intrepid adventurers encounters 8 zombies. The six characters are slightly outnumbered and take a hit or two in the first round before they cut down half the undead, two rounds later the fight is over and the characters took a couple of minor hits. what the characters learned is that it is likely that they are going to encounter more undead.
Now we try and run the same encounter again but with a bit more forethought. This time we will place the encounter at an intersection. Out of the dark shamble four zombies, The characters go into their combat formation, and engage the zombies, but as battle is joined two more come out of the dark from the left. Suddenly the characters are all set up incorrectly, they have to split their force to cover two fronts. As the third round starts, two more zombies shamble out of the right hand passage. Now the characters have zombies front, left and right, focus on the front and they have two flanks being threatened, split their force and some of the less combat capable characters will need to fight. It also creates questions. Are there more zombies and where will they come from?
The difference is, on one level, that the first encounter said "here are some baddies, you are tougher than them, they are no threat, go roll some dice." The second version said "here is a situation that should be easy but it is getting out of control and it could get worse at any second." In purely game mechanical terms the second encounter is actually easier, The characters are never outnumbered. The first time around the zombies had an overlap and could attack a few characters two against one. The second time, this never happened. The characters always had equal or greater numbers.
Another difference is that the second encounter utilised terrain to the zombies advantage, a lack of light hid their numbers and the crossroad meeting of paths allowed them to meet from front, left and right. A simple crossroads made the encounter much more interesting.
When you are planning this kind of adventure, be it a dungeon delve, a raid on a stockade or boarding a starship, there is normally a destination in mind where the end of level boss is going to be encountered. It could be the necromancer at the top of the tower, the demon in the lowest dungeon level or the starship commander on the bridge. Between the start and the final showdown you have a map.
Traditionally you will place your encounters on the map, sprinkle in some random encounters so not everything is waiting in its room to be killed and you have your dungeon/tower/starship.
I suggest you forget placing encounters on the map. Why create stuff in places no one is going to go? Why not design five exciting encounters, each of which poses different questions of the characters, and you place the encounters in the characters way, at the right time.
One encounter could be a pair of armed door guards. They could be stationed at any door. They cannot retreat because there is a locked door behind them. Their sole purpose is the prevent entry. How they react is dependent on them and the situation. The players will see the problem as there are armed guards between them and the door, they have to get to the door but probably don't want to alert everyone on the far side of the door or get pinned down long enough for reinforcements to arrive. We already have lots of decisions that the characters need to make.
Another encounter we place at a location that involves the third dimension. It could be a balcony, a gantry or that cradle thing that always spells disaster for skyscraper window cleaners in action movies. The goal here is that having foes above the characters, makes cover more difficult, it makes strategic movement harder. It is so common to put minis on a table and everything takes place on that flat plane. A three-dimensional encounter will make the player have to think, their 'usual' battle plan probably will not serve them.
In a third encounter, we introduce an 'innocent' into the battle. It could be a hostage or a non-combatant. Anything that makes using that heavy machine gun or fireball, not an option and also gives the bad guys leverage. It is not enough to grind their way through the fight, and the characters have to protect the innocent from the bad guys. The heroes may be armed and armored but Vicky the villager and Barny bystander are not.
This is where the sticky notes come in. Rather than dotting encounters all over your map, half of which may never be used, create just the ones that create the feeling you want from this adventure. As I said above, five exciting encounters should be enough. Think about how long a battle takes in your game. You know how long a session you are likely to play. Use the two to set up an exciting session. If you know you have time for three encounters, give them the three but the third places them right on a cliff hanger moment, at a great place to finish the session. The second session you run the remaining two encounters and the final big battle.
This is an example of an encounter note. You can see that the number of orcs encountered is relative to the number of characters. If the party is four characters, there are eight orcs, six characters, twelve orcs. The number in the trees is always two. There is always going to be a minimum of one character so we know there can be two orcs.
In addition to the basic encounter, this one uses terrain, cover, and height advantage, it also has a very brief reminder of the game mechanic for these conditions. The note also includes the combat stats for the orcs, everything needed to run the encounter. (The stats are from 3Deep)
With a page full of encounters like this, you can order, re-order and discard encounters as the session unfolds. Anything you don't use you can save for later or use in an entirely different adventure.
Encounters you know will not be wasted are worth putting that little bit more effort into. Make them a bit different, challenge characters and your players will thank you for it.
PinPoint Process
Encounters are the perfect candidate for the PinPoint Process. Encounters are what make role-playing games challenging and fun to play. You want to run the most entertaining, thrilling, challenging encounters you can. Your players what to play through the best and most exciting encounters. Wasting your creativity on encounters that will never will never be played is pointless. Crafting the best possible encounters and then placing them in the path of the characters means that every encounter you write will be used.
The Sticky GM – Personalities (part 3)
Alternatives to Mythic GME