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Autoimmunity in Idiopathic Dilated Myocardiomyopathy
Lappe, Jason
Cleveland Clinic Lerner, Cleveland, OH, United States
Search grants from Jason Lappe
Search grants from Cleveland Clinic Lerner
Connexin hemichannels in suppression of breast cancer bone metastasis
Enhancing neonatal immunity to Streptococcus pneumoniae
This subproject is one of many research subprojects utilizing theresources provided by a Center grant funded by NIH/NCRR. The subproject andinvestigator (PI) may have received primary funding from another NIH source,and thus could be represented in other CRISP entries. The institution listed isfor the Center, which is not necessarily the institution for the investigator.Dilated cardiomyopathy (iDCM) currently affects hundreds of thousands of Americans, and costs the healthcare system billions annually. However, despite the immense impact of this disease, the majority (60-70%) of cases are still idiopathic in nature. Recent work evaluating the pathogenesis has shown that as many as two thirds of patients with iDCM have endomyocardial biopsy proven evidence of chronic viral infection. It is speculated that this viral insult may trigger an autoimmune response that instigates the progression to DCM. This idea is supported by findings that cardiac specific autoantibodies have been found in greater then half of patients with DCM, and that the presence of these autoantibodies correlates with an impairment in cardiac function. However, to date there has been little or no published work evaluating the role of cellular mediated autoimmunity in iDCM. This study intends to use enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot (ELISPOT) assays to evaluate for T-cell mediated cardiac autoimmunity in patients with iDCM and healthy controls. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) will also be used to correlate the formation of cardiac specific autoantibodies to autoreactive T-cell responses. Further, this study will attempt to delineate if ongoing myocardial damage (indicated by an elevated troponin) or inflammation (indicated by elevated hsCRP or MPO) is correlated with a higher prevalence of cardiac autoimmunity.
Cleveland Clinic Lerner
Other Basic Sciences
Rose, Jonathan A; Wanner, Nicholas; Cheong, Hoi I et al. (2016) Flow Cytometric Quantification of Peripheral Blood Cell ?-Adrenergic Receptor Density and Urinary Endothelial Cell-Derived Microparticles in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. PLoS One 11:e0156940
Kasumov, Takhar; Solomon, Thomas P J; Hwang, Calvin et al. (2015) Improved insulin sensitivity after exercise training is linked to reduced plasma C14:0 ceramide in obesity and type 2 diabetes. Obesity (Silver Spring) 23:1414-21
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Rose, Jonathan A; Erzurum, Serpil; Asosingh, Kewal (2015) Biology and flow cytometry of proangiogenic hematopoietic progenitors cells. Cytometry A 87:5-19
Naples, Robert; Laskowski, Dan; McCarthy, Kevin et al. (2015) Carboxyhemoglobin and methemoglobin in asthma. Lung 193:183-7
Wu, Wei; Bleecker, Eugene; Moore, Wendy et al. (2014) Unsupervised phenotyping of Severe Asthma Research Program participants using expanded lung data. J Allergy Clin Immunol 133:1280-8
Li, Xingnan; Hawkins, Gregory A; Ampleford, Elizabeth J et al. (2013) Genome-wide association study identifies TH1 pathway genes associated with lung function in asthmatic patients. J Allergy Clin Immunol 132:313-20.e15
Asosingh, Kewal; Farha, Samar; Lichtin, Alan et al. (2012) Pulmonary vascular disease in mice xenografted with human BM progenitors from patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension. Blood 120:1218-27
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Li, Xingnan; Ampleford, Elizabeth J; Howard, Timothy D et al. (2012) Genome-wide association studies of asthma indicate opposite immunopathogenesis direction from autoimmune diseases. J Allergy Clin Immunol 130:861-8.e7
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Nice breakfast selection. Front desk was helpful and friendly. Decent location for meals and shopping. Easy highway access.
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The room was not as clean as I would like. Very "surface clean"; however, surfaces were dusty, floors had missed spots. Sheets and towels very rough.
Pool was closed. I should have been notified so I could make alternative arrangements at a facility that did have a working pool!!!
The pool was to cool to swim comfortably and no laundry facilities .
Excellent value! The breakfast was very complete and the pool was just the right size for my children.
The hotel was undergoing renovations during our stay. Our mattress was clearly not one of the new ones.
The staff were super friendly and attentive.
Had to switch rooms due to a bathroom fan that was squealing quite loudly. Tried multiple time to connect to the internet on 3 different devices with no luck.
Hard to find tucked behind grocery store. Breakfast area to small for a sunday crowd. Kingsize pillows would be nice instead of standard for a king size bed.
Nothing to really whoa me.
I could hear people talking in the hallway at night.
The complimentary breakfast exceeded my expectation.
The location, the exterior was dirty, room smelled moldy/mildewy.


The map indicates the spacial extent of the walls of Jerusalem at various stages in the Old Testament periods. These stages include the period when Jerusalem was a Jebusite city, when Solomon made an expansion (Solomon's Expansion) of the walls, and also the periods of the later monarchic Wall and the post-exilic wall.
This is a collection of maps which show various aspects of Old Testament Palestine's geography.
This map shows some of the main regions of the land of Palestine and surrounding areas.
This map shows the geographical features of ancient Palestine, including the plains of Dor and Sharon.
This map shows Palestine's major geographical features.


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Wynne Arkansas Population Charts
According to the most recent Wynne Arkansas demographics data available from the United States Census Bureau released in the American Community Survey in December of 2020, Figure 1 Wynne depicts it has a Population 2019 of 7,934 which is the second most populous of all the places in the greater Wynne region. The city with the highest population in the area is Forrest City which depicts a population of 14,285 (about twice as large). Figure 3 uses the Wynne population data for a comparison of the population growth/population change estimates from the years 2010 to 2019 and Wynne Arkansas depicts a decline of 433 (5%).
The total Wynne Arkansas greater area population percent change for all areas for the years from 2010 to 2019 is shown in Figure 4 and for Wynne indicates it has a Population Change of -5.2% which is the third most population percent change of all other places in the greater Wynne region.
Looking at the Wynne population density (measured as people per square mile) and providing comparisons to both the national and state average population density in Figure 5, Wynne Arkansas depicts it has 895 people per square mile which is the second most people per square mile of all the places in the greater Wynne region. The next lower population density is Forrest City only about 2.1% smaller with population density of 877. The city with the highest population density in the area is Cherry Valley which indicates a people per square mile of 913 ( only slightly larger). Figure 6 provides Wynne demographics for the overall median age for all people in the region and Wynne depicts it has a Median Age of 38.5 which is in the mid range of other places in the local area. The city with the highest overall median age of all people in the area is Colt which depicts an age of 51.6 (34.0% larger). The Wynne Arkansas population data for median age broken out by gender for both men versus the median age of women is shown in Figure 7. Wynne Arkansas shows a median age of men only slightly larger as the median age of women.
Figure 9 illustrates the overall diversity breakdown for Wynne population and ethnicity groups in the area. (note: Hispanic/Latino is broken out separately in the next diagram and also the group denoted as Native ethnicity includes Native American, and Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander.) Wynne Arkansas has the percentage of Native population less than most other places in the metro area at 3.9% of the total. Figure 10 shows the Wynne Arkansas Hispanic (including non Hispanic whites) population household ethnicity in the region and Wynne depicts it has a Hispanic or Latino of 1.9% which is less than most other places in the greater region. Figure 11 compares the ratio of the amount of men to the amount of women and depicts total male population about 21.7% smaller as the total female population.
Wynne Arkansas Marital Status and Families Charts
Figure 12 shows the detailed marriage characteristics broken down by %residents who are married, never married, single, divorced, and widowed. Wynne has the percentage of never married percent the second smallest when sorted by total percent of people married of all the other places in the metro area at 12% of the total. Figure 14 compares the average household size using the average number of people in a family for Wynne households. Wynne shows it has a Family Size of 3.1 which is less than most other places in the local area. The city with the highest average family size in the area is Madison which depicts an average family size of 3.7 (19.1% larger).
Figure 15 shows the overall ratio of Wynne households for families to the total number of Wynne households and that Wynne indicates it has a Families of 66% which is the second most families percent of all the places in the greater Wynne region. The city with the highest percent of people who are in a family in the area is Cherry Valley which depicts a families percent of 73% (10.7% larger).
Looking at Wynne households that are headed by a husband and wife as a percent of all families in Figure 16, Wynne shows it has a Married-couple family of 67% which is the second most husband and wife family percent of all the places in the greater Wynne region. The city with the highest percent of people in a husband and wife family in the area is Colt which shows a husband and wife family percent of 88% (31.1% larger). Figure 17 shows Wynne demographics for the head of household for each place using a breakdown of married-couple, male-headed alone, and female-headed alone. Wynne Arkansas has the percentage of households the second smallest as measured by percent of families in husband and wife household of all the other places in the metropolitan area at 3.1% of the total. Second, it has in the intermediate range of other places in the greater region as measured by households at 29.5% of the total.
Wynne Arkansas Mothers and Children Charts
The next section of charts provide a detailed look at mothers and baby births that occurred over the past 12 months. Figure 18 shows the rate of women aged 15 to 50 years old who have given birth. Wynne shows it has a Birth Rate of 8.2% which is the second most percent of women who have given birth of all the places in the greater Wynne region. The city with the highest percent of women who gave birth in the area is Caldwell which depicts a birth rate of 20.0% (approximately 2.4 times bigger). Figure 19 shows the breakdown of the mother's age for all baby births that occurred in the last 12 months and it has one of the largest proportions of percent of births to mothers aged 15 to 19 at 16% of the total and is ranked #3. Only #2 Forrest City (37%), and #1 Caldwell (100%) are larger. Second, it has one of the largest proportions of percent of births to mothers aged 20 to 24 at 20% of the total and is ranked #2. The only larger city being Madison with 22%.
In Figure 20, the demographic data for Wynne Arkansas teenager birth rate is shown (women between the ages of 15 and 19.) Wynne depicts it has a Teenager Birth Rate of 32% which is the second most percent of births to a teenager of all the places in the greater Wynne region. The city with the highest teenager birth rate in the area is Madison which shows a births to a teenager of 78% (approximately 2.4 times bigger).
In Figure 21, the percentage of all births in the last 12 months to mothers that were unmarried is shown (unwed mothers.) Wynne depicts it has a Unwed Births of 34% which is in the middle range of other places in the local area. The city with the highest percent of unwed women who have given birth in the area is Caldwell which depicts an unwed mother birth rate of 100% (approximately 2.9 times bigger).
Unwed mothers who have given birth in the last 12 months are also shown broken down by age group in Figure 24. Wynne Arkansas has the largest proportion of unwed mothers aged 20 to 34 at 59.6% of the total and is ranked #1. Figure 25 shows the comparative demographic rate of unwed mothers who have given birth in the last 12 months are broken down by racial group (including the Hispanic birth rate.) Wynne Arkansas has one of the largest proportions of White unwed birth rate at 73.2% of the total and is ranked #3. Only #2 Forrest City (80.5%), and #1 Madison (100.0%) are larger.
Figure 26 shows unwed mothers in poverty (based on median household income definition) who have given birth in the last 12 months. Wynne Arkansas has the largest proportion of unwed births and living between 100% and 199% of poverty level at 59.6% of the total and is ranked #1.
For all births to unwed mothers, Figure 27 breaks down the education level of the mother by less than high school through college and post graduate attainment it has one of the largest proportions of percent of unwed mothers with less than high school education at 40% of the total and is ranked #2. The only larger city being Forrest City with 41%. Second, it has the largest proportion of percent of unwed mothers who are a high school graduate or equivalent at 60% of the total and is ranked #1.
Wynne Arkansas Marital Status Charts
The next set of demographic data looks at the marital status for Wynne households which is useful for internet research. Figure 28 compares the total number of single people in each area. Wynne shows it has a Total Single People of 48% which is the smallest when ranked by percent of people who are single for any reason of all the other places in the metro area. The city with the highest percent of people who are single for any reason in the area is Forrest City which shows a percent single of 69% (43.1% larger). Comparing percent of people who are single for any reason to the United States average of 50%, Wynne is only about 4.1% smaller. Also, measured against the state of Arkansas, percent of people who are single for any reason of 48%, Wynne is about the same size.
Figure 30 compares the single people in each area broken down by never married, divorced, and widowed. Wynne Arkansas has the percentage of percent never married the second smallest in terms of percent of people never married of all the other places in the local area at 12% of the total. Second, it has less than most other places in the surrounding region in order of percent divorced at 10% of the total. Figure 31 shows the demographics for the number of single men adults in each area broken out by never married, divorced and widowed. Wynne Arkansas has the smallest proportion of men who have never been married at 9% of the total. Figure 32 shows the number of single women adults in each area broken out by never married, divorced and widowed. Wynne Arkansas has the percentage of women who have never been married in the middle range of other places in the metro area at 14% of the total. Second, it has less than most other places in the local area when sorted by women who are divorced at 15% of the total.
Figure 33 shows the Wynne demographics for the ratio of the number of single men between the age of 18 and 65, in each area, broken down by age group for the Wynne metro area. Wynne Arkansas has the percentage of single men 18 to 24 in the mid range of other places in the metropolitan area at 11% of the total. Second, it has less than most other places in the metro area in terms of single men 30 to 34 at 3% of the total. Third, it has one of the largest proportions of single men 40 to 44 at 12% of the total and is ranked #3. Only #2 Cherry Valley (13%), and #1 Madison (13%) are larger.
Figure 34 shows the Wynne population data for the ratio of the number of single women between the age of 18 and 65, in each area, broken down by age group for the Wynne metro area. Wynne Arkansas has the percentage of single women 18 to 24 in the middle range of other places in the surrounding region at 8% of the total. Second, it has one of the largest proportions of single women 25 to 29 at 9% of the total and is ranked #2. The only larger city being Forrest City with 13%. Third, it has less than most other places in the local area as measured by single women 30 to 34 at 8% of the total. Also, it has one of the largest proportions of single women 35 to 39 at 9% of the total and is ranked #2. The only larger city being Forrest City with 14%. In addition, it has less than most other places in the greater region as measured by single women 40 to 44 at 5% of the total.
Wynne Arkansas Citizenship Demographics Charts
In Figure 37, the demographic percentage of Wynne residents who were not born in the United States is shown (i.e. percent foreign born.) Wynne depicts it has a Percent Foreign Born of 0.4% which is less than most other places in the local area. The city with the highest percent of population who was born in another country in the area is Madison which depicts a percent born outside United States of 2.2% ( markedly bigger). Comparing percent of population who was born in another country to the United States average of 13.6%, Wynne is only about 3.2% the size. Also, compared to the state of Arkansas, percent of population who was born in another country of 4.8%, Wynne is approximately a twelfth the size.
The next diagram (Figure 41) shows the year of entry that non citizens entered the United States. The year of entry can show the rate of flow at various points of time in the past for when they entered the U.S. it has the largest proportion of non citizens who entered the US between 1990 to 1999 at 100% of the total and is ranked #1.
For all foreign born people who have gone through naturalization (the process of becoming a legal U.S. resident citizen), Figure 42 shows the year when they became fully naturalized U.S. citizens. it has the largest proportion of people naturalized before 1990 at 100% of the total and is ranked #1.
Wynne Arkansas Birthplace Demographic Charts
Figure 43 displays a map of the globe and shows Wynne demographic information for large regions of the world that people from this place originally came from. Wynne Arkansas has the largest proportion of from Europe at 29% of the total and is ranked #1. Second, it has one of the largest proportions of from the Americas at 71% of the total and is ranked #3. Only #2 Madison (100%), and #1 Caldwell (100%) are larger.
Figure 44 categorizes the location for where foreign born people originally come from based on very large continental geographic areas. Wynne Arkansas has one of the largest proportions of from Oceania at 71% of the total and is ranked #3. Only #2 Madison (100%), and #1 Caldwell (100%) are larger.
Figure 45 is a table that breaks out all the people who were foreign born by which large geographic region where they were born. Wynne Arkansas has the largest proportion of people who were born in Western Europe at 29.4% of the total and is ranked #1. Second, it has one of the largest proportions of people who were born in Central America at 70.6% of the total and is ranked #2. The only larger city being Madison with 100.0%.
Wynne, Arkansas Demographics Data
Marital Status and Families
Citizenship Demographics
Birthplace Demographic
Figure 1: Wynne, AR and Area 2019 Population Data
Figure 2: Map of Wynne, AR and Area
Figure 3: Wynne, AR Population Change 2010 to 2019
Figure 4: Wynne, AR 2010 to 2019 Population Percent Change
Figure 5: Wynne, AR Population Density
Figure 6: Median Age in Wynne, AR
Figure 7: Median Age by Gender in Wynne, AR
Figure 8: Wynne, AR and Area Age by Generation
Figure 9: Wynne, AR and Area Ethnicity Makeup
Figure 10: Wynne, AR Hispanic Population
Figure 11: Male vs. Female Population
Figure 12: Wynne, AR Marriage Status
Figure 14: Wynne, AR Average Family Size in Household
Figure 15: Families as % of All Households
Figure 16: Married Couples as Percent of All Families
Figure 17: Wynne, AR Head of Household
Figure 18: Wynne, AR Birth Rate (Last 12 months)
Figure 19: All Births Age of Mother
Figure 20: Wynne, AR Teenager Birth Rate
Figure 21: Wynne, AR Unwed Mothers as % of All Births
Figure 22: Wynne, AR Unwed and On Public Assitance
Figure 24: Wynne, AR Unwed Mother Births By Age Group
Figure 25: Wynne, AR Unwed Mother Birth Rate By Race
Figure 26: Wynne, AR Unwed Mother Births By Poverty Level
Figure 27: Unwed Births and Education Level
Figure 28: Total Single People
Figure 30: Wynne, AR Single People Broken Down By Reason
Figure 31: Wynne, AR Single Men in Area
Figure 32: Wynne, AR Single Women in Area
Figure 33: Single Men by Age Group
Figure 34: Single Women by Age Group
Figure 35: Wynne, AR Citizenship Status
Figure 36: Citizen Place of Birth for Wynne, AR
Figure 37: Wynne, AR Percent of Population Foreign Born
Figure 39: Wynne, AR Non Citizen Age Breakout
Figure 40: Non Citizen Median Age
Figure 41: % Non Citizen Year of Entry into USA
Figure 42: Year of Naturalization
Figure 43: Wynne, AR Foreign Born People are From What Region
Figure 44: Wynne, AR Foreign-Born World Region of Birth
Figure 45: Wynne, AR Foreign-Born Sub-Region of Birth
Figure 46: Foreign-Born Country of People Living in Wynne, AR
Figure 47: Foreign-Born Country for all people in the United States
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text:
Author: Nibbering, N.M.M.
You may also wish to search for items by Nibbering, N.M., Nibbering, N. and Nibbering.
43 matching references were found.
Dawson, J.H.J.; Nibbering, N.M.M., Concerning CH2=C-. and its reaction with 14N 15NO, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1978, 100, 1928. [all data]
Dawson, J.H.J.; Noest, A.J.; Nibbering, N.M.M., The gas phase allyl anion, Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Phys., 1979, 29, 205. [all data]
Dawson, J.H.J.; Noest, A.J.; Nibbering, N.M.M., 1,1 and 1,3 eliminations of water from the reaction complex of O-. with 1,1,1,-trideuterioacetone, Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Phys., 1979, 30, 189. [all data]
Russell, D.H.; Gross, M.L.; Van der Greef, J.; Nibbering, N.M.M., The chemistry of C6H6O radical cations: A study of rearrangement reactions of halogen substituted ethyl phenyl ethers, Org. Mass Spectrom., 1979, 14, 474. [all data]
Van Der Greef, J.; Molenaar-Langeveld, T.A.; Nibbering, N.M.M., The elimination of HCN (or HNC) from the molecular ions of some isomeric C8H7N compounds, studied by field ionization kinetic and kinetic energy release measurements, Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Phys., 1979, 29, 11. [all data]
Dawson, J.H.J.; Nibbering, N.M.M., The gas phase anionic chemistry of saturated and unsaturated aliphatic nitriles, Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Phys., 1980, 33, 3. [all data]
Noest, A.J.; Nibbering, N.M.M., Homoconjugation vs. charge dipole stabilization interaction effects in the stabilization of carbanions in the gas phase, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1980, 102, 6427. [all data]
Dallinga, J.W.; Nibbering, N.M.M.; Louter, G.J., Formation and structure of [C8H8O]+ ions, generated from gas phase ions of phenylcyclopropylcarbinol and 1-phenyl-1-(hydroxymethyl)cyclopropane, Org. Mass Spectrom., 1981, 16, 4. [all data]
Ingemann, S.; Nibbering, N.M.M., Gas phase reactions of anions with 2-,3-, and 4-fluoroanisole, J. Org. Chem., 1983, 48, 183. [all data]
Kleingeld, J.C.; Nibbering, N.M.M., The long-lived H3O- ion in the gas phase: Its formation, structure, and reactions, Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Phys., 1983, 49, 311. [all data]
de Koening, L.J.; Nibbering, N.M.M., Formation of the long-lived H2O-. Ion in the gas phase, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1984, 106, 7971. [all data]
DePuy, C.H.; Grabowski, J.J.; Bierbaum, V.M.; Ingemann, S.; Nibbering, N.M.M., Gas-phase reactions of anions with methyl formate and N,N-dimethylformamide, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1985, 107, 1093. [all data]
Ingemann, S.; Nibbering, N.M.M., Gas phase chemistry of alpha-thio carbanions, Can. J. Chem., 1985, 62, 2273. [all data]
Ingemann, S.; Nibbering, N.M.M., Gas-phase acidity of CH3X [X = P(CH3)2, SCH3, F, Cl, Br, I] compounds, J. Chem. Soc. Perkin Trans. 2, 1985, 837. [all data]
Ingemann, S.; Nibbering, N.M.M., Gas phase chemistry of dipole stabilized carbanions derived from N,N-dimethylthioformamide and N,N-dimethylnitrosamine, Acta Chem. Scand., Ser. B, 1985, 39, 697. [all data]
Denekamp, P.; Etinger, A.; Fokkens, R.H.; Khahelev, N.; Mandelbaum, A.; Nibbering, N.M.M., Effect of conformation on proton affinities of stereoisomeric ethers, J. Mass Spectrom., 1995, 30, 1174. [all data]
Cardoso, A.M.; Alexandre, S.M.G.; Barros, C.M.F.; Ferrer-Correia, A.J.; Nibbering, N.M.M., Proton Affinities of Phenylalkylamines by the Kinetic Method, Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion. Processes, 1998, 172, 123. [all data]
Dallinga, J.W.; Nibbering, N.M.M.; Louter, G.J., Formation and structure of [C8H8O]+. Ions, generated from gas phase ions of phenyl-cyclopropylcarbinol and 1-phenyl-1-(hydroxymethyl)cyclopropane, Org. Mass Spectrom., 1981, 16, 183-187. [all data]
Van der Hart, W.J.; Oosterveld, E.; Molenaar-Langeveld, T.A.; Nibbering, N.M.M., Photodissociation and structures of [C6H4] +. ions generated from cyanobenzene and other precursors, Org. Mass Spectrom., 1989, 24, 59-62. [all data]
Peerboom, R.A.L.; Ingemann, S.; Nibbering, N.M.M.; Liebman, J.F., Proton affinities and heats of formation of the imines CH2=NH, CH2=NMe and PhCH=NH, J. Chem. Soc. Perkin Trans. 2, 1990, 1825-1828. [all data]
Riveros, J.M.; Ingeman, S.; Nibbering, N.M.M., Formation of gas-phase solvated Br-and I- ion/molecule reactions of halobenzenes. Revised heat of formation of benzyne, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1991, 113, 1053. [all data]
Staneke, P.O.; Ingemann, S.; Eaton, P.; Nibbering, N.M.M.; Kass, S.R., Formation of the radical anion of cubene and determination of the heat of formation, heat of hydrogenation, and olefin strain energy of cubene, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1994, 116, 6445-6446. [all data]
Schlosser, M.; Mongin, F.; Porwisiak, J.; Dmowski, W.; Buker, H.H.; Nibbering, N.M.M., Bis- and Oligo(trifluoromethyl)benzenes: Hydrogen/Metal Exchange Rates and Gas-Phase Acidities., Chem. Eur. J., 1998, 4, 7, 1281, https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1521-3765(19980710)4:7<1281::AID-CHEM1281>3.0.CO;2-I . [all data]
Schlosser, M.; Marzi, E.; Cottet, F.; Buker, H.H.; Nibbering, N.M.M., The acidity of chloro-substituted benzenes: A comparison of gas phase, ab initio, and kinetic data, Chem. Eur. J., 2001, 7, 16, 3511-3516, https://doi.org/10.1002/1521-3765(20010817)7:16<3511::AID-CHEM3511>3.0.CO;2-U . [all data]
Born, M.; Ingemann, S.; Nibbering, N.M.M., Thermochemical properties of halogen-substituted methanes, methyl radicals, and carbenes in the gas phase, Int. J. Mass Spectrom., 2000, 194, 2-3, 103-113, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1387-3806(99)00125-6 . [all data]
Van der Wel, H.; Nibbering, N.M.M., A Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Study of the Reactions of O-. with Methyl Formate, Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Proc., 1986, 72, 1-2, 145, https://doi.org/10.1016/0168-1176(86)85042-X . [all data]
Matimba, H.E.K.; Crabbendam, A.M.; Ingemann, S.; Nibbering, N.M.M., Gas-phase Bimolecular Chemistry of the .-CHNC and .-CHCN Radical Anions, Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Proc., 1992, 114, 1-2, 85, https://doi.org/10.1016/0168-1176(92)85024-T . [all data]
Staneke, P.O.; Groothuis, G.; Ingemann, S.; Nibbering, N.M.M., Formation, stability and structure of radical anions of chloroform, tetrachloromethane and fluorotrichloromethane in the gas phase, Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Proc., 1995, 142, 1-2, 83, https://doi.org/10.1016/0168-1176(94)04127-S . [all data]
de Koening, L.J.; Nibbering, N.M.M., Formation of the Long-Lived H2O-. Ion in the Gas Phase, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1984, 106, 25, 7971, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00337a054 . [all data]
Staneke, P.O.; Ingemann, S.; Eaton, P.; Nibbering, N.M.M.; Kass, S.R., Formation of the radical anion of cubene and determination of the heat of formation, heat of hydrogenation, and olefin strain energy of cube, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1994, 116, 14, 6445, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00093a059 . [all data]
Born, M.; Ingemann, S.; Nibbering, N.M.M., Heats of formation of mono-halogen-substituted carbenes. Stability and reactivity of CHX(center dot-) (X=F, Cl, Pr, and I) radical anions, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1994, 116, 16, 7210, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00095a025 . [all data]
Peerboom, R.A.L.; Ingemann, S.; Nibbering, N.M.M.; Liebman, J.F., Proton Affinities and Heats of Formation of the Imines CH2=NH, CH2=NMe and PhCH=NH, J. Chem. Soc. Perkin Trans., 1991, 2, 1825. [all data]
de Visser, S.P.; van der Horst, E.; de Koning, L.J.; van der Hart, W.J.; Nibbering, N.M.M., Characterization of isomeric C4H5- anions in the gas phase; Theory and experiment, J. Mass Spectrom., 1999, 34, 4, 303-310, https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1096-9888(199904)34:4<303::AID-JMS753>3.0.CO;2-C . [all data]
Born, M.; Ingemann, S.; Nibbering, N.M.M., Experimental Determination of the Enthalpies of Formation of Formyl Cyanide and Thioformyl Cyanide in the Gas Phase, J. Phys. Chem., 1996, 100, 44, 17662, https://doi.org/10.1021/jp9609141 . [all data]
den Berg, K.J. van; Ingemann, S.; Nibbering, N.M.M., Gas Phase Reactions of Negative Ions with Trimethylaluminum: Formation and Reactivity of the Me3AlH- Ion., Org. Mass Spectrom., 1992, 27, 4, 523, https://doi.org/10.1002/oms.1210270427 . [all data]
Fokkens, R.H.; Gregor, I.K.; Nibbering, N.M.M., Gas-Phase Chemistry of Metal Oxide Anions - The Reactions of Dioxomanganate(III), MnO2- and Trioxomanganate(V), MnO3- Ions with Aliphatic Al, Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom., 1991, 5, 8, 368, https://doi.org/10.1002/rcm.1290050808 . [all data]
Peerboom, R.A.L.; Rademaker, G.J.; Dekoning, L.J.; Nibbering, N.M.M., Stabilization of Cycloalkyl Carbanions in the Gas Phase, Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom., 1992, 6, 6, 394, https://doi.org/10.1002/rcm.1290060608 . [all data]
Kleingeld, J.C.; Nibbering, N.M.M., Negative Ion/Molecule Cycloaddition Reactions of 2-Methylpropenal in the Gas Phase, Recl. Trav. Chim. Pays-Bas, 1984, 103, 3, 87, https://doi.org/10.1002/recl.19841030303 . [all data]
Peerboom, R.; Ingemann, S.; Nibbering, N.M.M., Isomeric C5H9O- Ions Formed in the Gas-Phase Reactions of Anions with 2,2-Dimethylpropanal and 2,2-Dimethylcyclopropanol, Recl. Trav. Chim. Pays-Bas, 1985, 104, 3, 74, https://doi.org/10.1002/recl.19851040305 . [all data]
Devisser, S.P.; Dekoning, L.J.; Vanderhart, W.J.; Nibbering, N.M.M., Chemical properties of butadienyl anions in the gas-phase, Recl. Trav. Chim. Pays-Bas, 1995, 114, 6, 267, https://doi.org/10.1002/recl.19951140603 . [all data]
Kleingeld, J.C.; Nibbering, N.M.M., A Fourier-Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Study of the Gas Phase Negative Ion Chemistry of Benzaldehyde, Tetrahed., 1984, 40, 14, 2789, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-4020(01)96899-1 . [all data]
Buker, H.H.; Nibbering, N.M.M.; Espinosa, D.; Mongin, F.; Schlosser, M., Additivity of substituent effects in the fluoroarene series: Equilibrium acidity in the gas phase and deprotonation rates in ethereal solution, Tetrahed. Lett., 1997, 38, 49, 8519-8522, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-4039(97)10303-3 . [all data]
Born, M.; Ingemann, S.; Nibbering, N.M.M., Thermochemical properties of halogen-substituted methanes, methyl radicals, and carbenes in the gas phase, Int. J. Mass Spectrom., 2000, 194, 2-3, 103, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1387-3806(99)00125-6 . [all data]


The 4th Global Feed and Food Congress organized by the International Feed Industry Federation (IFIF) with technical support by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), and hosted by the Animal Feed Manufacturers Association of South Africa (AFMA) was held in Sun City, South Africa, from 10-12 April 2013.
Mario Sergio Cutait, IFIF Chairman and Loutjie Dunn, Chairman of the Animal Feed Manufacturers Association of South Africa (AFMA), were joined by the honorable Prof Hlengiwe Buhle Mkhize, Deputy Minister of Economic Development of the Republic of South Africa, Dr. Berhe G. Tekola, Director of the Animal Production and Health Division at the FAO and Dr. Hinner Koster, AFMA Board Member, to open the Congress and welcome 700 international delegates representing the global feed and food chain.
The 4th GFFC brought together 700 international delegates from 44 countries who discussed critical issues covering the whole feed manufacturing and food processing value chain, with a special focus on Feed and Food Safety, Food Security, Technology, and Sustainability. The final Congress programme is available here.
The Congress attracted exceptional speakers who provided their insights and expertise in over 80 world-class presentations. The presentations made at the 4th GFFC and the AFMA Forum can be downloaded here.
The Southern African Feed Manufacturers' Association (SAFMA) was officially launched following an agreement at the 4th Global Feed & Food Congress in Sun City, South Africa, under the auspices of representatives from IFIF and the FAO.
SAFMA brings together representatives from South Africa, Zimbabwe, Botswana, Mozambique, Namibia, Zambia and Mauritius as part of a regional feed manufacturers association that will have as their vision the harmonisation of the feed industry in the region in order to further 'safe feed for safe food'.
SAFMA as a regional feed manufacturers' body will play a role in the harmonisation of legislation and regulations in the region in order to enhance effective trade between member countries as well as creating a self-regulating regional industry with the same vision, namely safe feed for safe food.
For more information about the 4th GFFC please visit www.gffc2013.com.
The 3rd Global Feed & Food Congress was held in Cancún, Mexico in April 2010. The Congress was organized by IFIF with technical support from the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and was hosted by the Mexican Feed Industry Association (CONAFAB). The Food Chain – "From Farm to Fork" – was the main theme discussed during the Congress.
The 3rd GFFC event brought together 350 delegates from around the globe to discuss topics concerning the whole food production chain and in particular all the different links within the food chain.
The 2nd Global Feed & Food Congress was held in São Paulo, Brazil during April 2007. IFIF with technical support from the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) organized the Congress, which was hosted by the Brazilian Feed Industries Association (SINDIRAÇÕES). "Sustainability – producing for the well-being of all with quality, safety, responsibility and protecting the environment" – was the main theme developed during the Congress.
The 2nd GFFC brought together experts and leaders from around the world to discuss relevant topics concerning the food production chain. The Congress and also enabled the founding of the Latin American and Caribbean Feed Industry Association (FEEDLATINA).
The main theme debated at the Congress was "how is it possible to produce food while respecting the environment and also guaranteeing safety and the well-being of global population?" During three days, 500 delegates from more than 40 countries came together to discuss this main topic during 74 lectures.
Planning of the establishment of FEEDLATINA.
The 2nd GFFC also enabled the founding of the Latin American and Caribbean Feed Industry Association (FEEDLATINA). Representatives from the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and from the feed & food industries from Brazil, Argentina, Chile, Colombia, Mexico, Peru and Uruguay gathered to define the creation of the Latin American and Caribbean Feed Industry Association (FEEDLATINA).
This organization now acts as the voice of the industry in the region and its main goal is to align the interests between each of their federal governments and the international community of this important sector.
The 1st Global Feed & Food Congress was held in July 2005, in São Paulo, Brazil. IFIF with technical support from the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) organized the Congress, which was hosted by the Brazilian Feed Industries Association (SINDIRAÇÕES). Brazil was chosen to host the first edition of the Congress for being considered the "future world grain supplier".
Over three days participants and speakers from all over the world joined discussions on important aspects of the future of the food production chain. Representatives from China, United States of America, India, Germany, Ireland, England, Brazil, along with other 43 countries, attended the Congress, each of them contributing to this important debate and making the 1st GFFC a resounding success.
The response from the participants could not have been better, with people from 130 countries and 400 Brazilians from different sectors of the productive food chain, government to private companies attending. The interest was evident by the eagerness of the audience, by their determination to see all the panels and by the initiative of finding speakers after each lecture or presentation to continue discussions about the subject presented.
"The Congress was a first step on a way to more practical solutions. With the production of safe foods and the use of Good Manufacturing Practices, we will diminish waste, improve the quality and the price of food, create more jobs and increase both internal and external market demands.
We managed to have a very good glimpse of our prospects for the sector. We presented ourselves as entrepreneurs and as holders of a good technology. The positive response from the participants and from the press confirmed the success of the event.


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Q: добавление контактов в Telegram как-то можно сделать скрипт,который будет добавлять номера телефонов из excel или другого формата,в контакты,в последующем добавлять их в конфу в телеграме.

A: Код из документации https://tl.telethon.dev/methods/contacts/import_contacts.html#examples
from telethon.sync import TelegramClient
from telethon import functions, types

with TelegramClient(name, api_id, api_hash) as client:
    result = client(functions.contacts.ImportContactsRequest(
        contacts=[types.InputPhoneContact(
            client_id=random.randrange(-2**63, 2**63),
            phone='some string here',
            first_name='some string here',
            last_name='some string here'
        )]
    ))
    print(result.stringify())

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
SAXON To Release Decade Of The Eagle In November
November 17th Via BMG
BMG has announced the November 17th release of Saxon - Decade Of The Eagle, a deluxe anthology featuring 34 tracks, that looks back at the years that built the SAXON legend.
Decade Of The Eagle is a retrospective that spans the band's first nine albums and represents the very best of the first decade of their astonishing career during which time SAXON notched up five Top 40 albums and four Top 20 singles. These 4LP (180g vinyl) and 2CD deluxe editions are in a gatefold sleeve that features a special metallic embossed coin on the cover. They also include new liner notes by frontman Biff Byford that document the decade and which are accompanied by rarely seen and classic photos from the era.
Biff says: "These are the albums from a time in the eighties that moved a generation of rock fans around the world, when British rock was once again at the forefront. Great times - never to be forgotten and still reverberating to this day."
SAXON played a significant part of the New Wave of British Heavy Metal movement, perhaps the greatest metal genre of them all and have become one of the all-time masters of heavy metal. In doing so, SAXON have ensured they are now representative of the heart and soul from the NWOBHM time. Always remaining true to the values which established them in the first place they are driven by a desire to continuously set the highest standards and meet them head on, SAXON's work on those nine studio albums still resonates resoundingly - this is timeless stuff.
SAXON's music that will continue to inspire metalheads for generations to come, as it has influenced so many until now. In those immortal words, fill your heads with... HEAVY METAL THUNDER!
"Stallions Of The Highway"
"Big Teaser"
"Backs To The Wall"
"Militia Guard"
"747 (Strangers In The Night)"
"Suzie Hold On"
"Motorcycle Man" (live)
"Heavy Metal Thunder"
"20,000ft" (live)
"Dallas 1PM"
"And The Bands Played On"
"Fire In the Sky" (live)
"Princess Of The Night"
"This Town Rocks"
"Sailing To America"
"Devil Rides Out"
"Back On The Streets"
"Rockin' Again"
"Rock N' Roll Gypsy"
"Waiting For The Night"
"Rock The Nations"
"Northern Lady"
"Battle Cry"
Pre-order your copy of Decade Of The Eagle at PledgeMusic HERE.
From being pioneers of the New Wave Of British Heavy Metal, to becoming one of the most successful UK rock acts of all time, SAXON have always transcended definitions, trends and eras. From 1979's Saxon album to Destiny in '88, the band enjoyed considerable success both in the UK and further afield. It's no wonder their influence has spread across the globe, and played a crucial role in the way we look at hard rock and heavy metal today. The decade from '79's debut record was vital, not only in establishing SAXON's talent and reputation, but also in laying the foundations for what has followed.


That means that there are many ways that the growth of technology has impacted the lives of numerous individuals. Thus, you will realize that there are some supplies within different healthcare facilities that can be transported to another location without any challenges. What is more, it is easy for you to control a number of systems with your home automatically, and hence there are numerous advantages that are associated with smart home automation. You will realize that it is very convenient to control your air conditional system in your house without having to get up. That means that you will be able to know the inventory that is left in your home so that you can determine the amount that you should purchase. That means that within a smart home, it is very simple for you to use remote access to virtually all functions of your home. In addition, you will notice that a smart home has more improved security systems and hence you will not have to worry about robbers breaking into your home.
That indicates that a smart home has security cameras, and also alarm systems that will go off when an authorized individual tries to get into the house. Therefore, the chances of a burglary taking place in a traditional home are very high, unlike a smart home. What is more, you will realize that in the case of a smart home, you will be able to preserve energy efficiently. Therefore, the bills within a traditional home are high. Another important benefit of a smart home is that it is very simple to sell the house in case there is need to. That means that there are many points that you can use to find a buyer for your house, for example, the fact that it is possible to use minimal energy in your house and also that the security is very efficient. On the other hand, it might take a long time to find a buyer for your traditional home.
Also, the fact that a smart home is very convenient then that factor can be appealing to the modern people that are tech savvy and have the money to buy a decent house. That means that it is very important that you find a reliable service provider so that you can avoid being disappointed and . You should do your research on the Internet and make sure that you read the information that you will find on the various websites. When you compare, then it will be easy for you to find the one that you can identify with.


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Annual Greek Festival in West Houston is Lots of Fun!
Peggy Woods
I live in Houston and have worked as a nurse. I have a lifelong passion for traveling, nature, and photography (preferably all together!).
Dancers at the Greek Festival in West Houston
Annual Greek Festivals
The location of this annual Greek festival is at St. Basil the Great Greek Orthodox Church in west Houston. The address is 1100 Eldridge Pkwy., Houston, Texas 77077. The Houston Press considers it to be one of "Top 10" most beautiful churches in our city.
Years ago, my husband and I attended a couple of Greek festivals closer to town at the Annunciation Greek Orthodox Church, and we had a good time.
There were two reasons we were drawn to attending the Greek festival at St. Basil, the Great church last year. Number one, our good neighbor is a member and invited us. Number two, it is closer to where we live. So we went, and I can genuinely report that we had a wonderful time.
For people who wish to attend the Greek festival in our city twice a year, that is possible. The one in west Houston is for several days in May, and the one closer in town is in October. I will be sharing photos from our visit to the Greek festival in west Houston from the year 2015.
Greek festival held at this church each year.
St. Basil
Here is a layman's synopsis regarding Saint Basil. He came from a wealthy family but also a pious one. Before turning towards religious life, he was a lawyer and teacher. Most of his wealth he ultimately gave to the poor and needy.
Basil of Caesarea, after turning towards an ascetic and religious life, ultimately became the bishop of what we now know as Turkey. One of his central beliefs had to do with the Trinity. God, the Father, Son, and Holy Ghost were all part of the same God.
Doing manual labor and praying in communal monasteries was encouraged by him. He had a monastery built on the estate of his family. St. Basil spent his life teaching, praying, and doing charitable works.
St. Basil was venerated shortly after his death as a saint. To many, he is considered to be a "father" and "doctor" of the church in many Christian religions.
Inside St. Basil the Great Greek Orthodox Church for a tour
As to icons seen in this church and others, they are gorgeous. So are statues of Jesus, Mary, and the saints in Catholic churches. The views on icons have been controversial as early as the year 726, from what I have read, but western churches had fewer problems with them.
"Graven images" are forbidden in certain religions, and this contributes to the controversy. The battles raged on as to their acceptance over the centuries. Destruction of some beautiful pieces of ancient art happened due to differing beliefs regarding this subject.
From what my neighbor told me, the flat images (icons) in the Greek Orthodox churches are considered okay. Whereas to this day, they think statues or sculptures of the same saints not to be so. It may be a small detail, but things like that can be points of difference between Christian churches. In some Christian religions, a crucifix with Jesus hanging on the cross is considered an idol, which is forbidden.
Gyros sandwich – Delicious!
The Greek festival consisted of four days of being able to taste different types of Greek food. Greek music and dancers dressed in traditional garbs entertained the crowds. They had dancing groups ranging in age from four on up to adults. The Greek costumes many of the dancers wore were detailed and beautiful.
Interested people could take tours of the church. We took advantage of it, as you can tell from my photos.
We did not stay to see the gyro eating contest. Niko Niko's restaurant puts on this "world gyro eating contest." Six cash prizes are awarded, the top prize being $2,500. Naturally, this draws people who do that sort of thing for the prize money.
Another contest with a smaller prize of $100 is for non-Greek people who wish to get up in front of the audience that day and do some Greek dancing. I am sure that it is fun to watch, and it was happening the day we were there, but we had other plans for later that day so we could not stay to view it.
Top 10 Spellbook Cards in "Yu-Gi-Oh"
The food is typical Greek consisting of such things as the gyro sandwiches which we both chose to eat. Other items are stuffed grape leaves, souvlaki, spanakopita, tiropita, pastichio, and lamb to mention just some of the offerings. Of course, for dessert, there is baklava and loukoumades.
Arched columns at St. Basil the Great Greek Orthodox Church
Outdoor Event
Except for the church tours given by Father Luke Palumbis, this is an outdoor event. Tents are set up for some shade in places. A few vendor tables were there selling various goods, including jewelry.
A children's area had an inflatable slide for the little ones as well as other carnival-type rides. Estimates of around 15,000 people attend this 4-day event.
To find out the dates, times, prices, and parking information for each annual event, click on the source listing below.
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Where to find Arabic classes in Washington DC area for kids: Arabic language classes for toddlers, preschoolers & elementary school students. Arabic immersion programs for kids in Arlington, Alexandria VA, Bethesda MD..
Note to parents & guardians: Unfortunately, the language program provider that previously was listed here has closed their language training business. This listing is now void, and program inquiries cannot be processed. Contact us if you provide Arabic classes in Northern Virginia/DC metro locations of Alexandria, McLean / North Arlington, and Fairfax VA, as well as Gaithersburg and Bethesda MD.
• Learning a second language at a young age is cognitively as easy as learning a first language. Between birth and adolescence the brain is hard-wired to acquire language naturally.
• Taking advantage of this window of opportunity by exposing your child to a second language young allows a child to optimize his or her learning potential, helping to shape the brain at its most flexible stage.
• Overall, the ease of learning a second language diminishes with age. As a child approaches puberty, the nature of language learning and storage changes, becoming less flexible.
• The more stimulation language centers in the brain receive during this critical window of opportunity in childhood, the more neural connections develop, enhancing not only long term language skills, but overall intelligence development.
Bethesda, MD; Downers Grove; Hinsdale; Schaumburg; ALEXANDRIA VIRGINIA; Alexandria VA; Elk Grove Village; Alexandria, VA; Oak brook; Rockford, IL; and more.


Alongside the wealth of art and architecture of Florence there are also some wonderfully manicured and well kept gardens. They range from the formal classical Renaissance layout to the rustic, let nature have its say look. All are lovely peaceful, green spaces where one can escape the chaos of tourist trails, have a quiet picnic and ignore the horns of the Florentine traffic.
Boboli Gardens – Piazza Pitti or Via Romana, open 8:15 – 6:30 in the summer and 4:30 during the winter, admission €4. This 42,000sm park is attached to the Palazzo Pitti Museum and is a classic 16th century Italian garden, planned by Nicolo Pericoli. The grounds were originally outside the city walls and the site of Florence's town quarry. However when the Medici acquired the grounds they soon had them landscaped and turned into formal gardens behind the palace. By 1766 the family had opened the parkland to the public as an excellent example of a Renaissance garden. The park features many attractions of its own like the Grotto Grande, the KaffeeHaus, a lawn of columns and the Lemonary, all making this quite a unique and revolutionary park for its time.
Cascine Park– always open, admission free. Cascine Park is the largest park in Florence restored in 1786 and opened to the public, previously it was a game reserve and cattle farm, until in 1869 it was remodelled in the romantic style of the period. It now has a lovely tree lined avenue and a number of sporting facilities including a racetrack, the Indian Prince, Rajaram Chuttraputti's memorial and the Cascine pyramid and amphitheatre.
Giardino dei Semplici, the Botanical Gardens of Florence – Via Pier Antonio Micheli 3, Open to the public 9 – 1pm Mon – Fri, Admission €4. Built for Cosimo dei Medici in 1545 and is one of Italy's oldest and most renowned medicinal plant gardens. It is designed around a grid pattern with walkways leading to a central fountain. The gardens have over 9,000 species represented and some of its oldest inhabitants include a Yew tree from 1720 and a Cork Oak planted in 1805.
Giardino della Rose, and the Giardino della Iris are both near the Piazzale Michelangelo, admission free, both parks are open to the public. The rose garden is always open and along with its marvellous collection of rose bushes, there are also a selection of water lilies and the impressive view across Florence's skyline. Similarly the Iris garden houses a display of over 2,500 varieties of plant that has long been the symbol of Florence. This park is best seen during the month of May, Monday – Friday between the hours of 10 – 12.30 and 3 – 7, and all day at weekends.
Torrigiani Gardens, Via de Serragli, these gardens were designed in the 19th century by Luigi Cambrai-Digny and later completed by Bacconi who installed the gothic tower and Merlin's Grotto in the park, while Pio Fedi placed the neo-classical statues. Although the park is now in private ownership it is occasionally opened to the public.
Giardino della Fortezza is a pleasant open parkland with a lake, fountain, paths and benches on the northern corner of the Fortrezza da Basso. After town wall was demolished this completely open park was formed as part of the gentrification of the area.
Bardini GardenVia de Bardi, opposite the Bardini Museum, open 8:15 – 6:30 in the summer and 4:30 during the winter. This recently restored Italian Renaissance garden has picturesque views of the city and is full of statues and natural wildlife.
Piazza d'Azeglio was once a private walled garden, used by the villa, palazzo and houses around its perimeter but nowadays it is a large open green space with statues and trees where people can sit and enjoy their lunch in the shade.
Piazzale Donatello, this is where you will find the English Cemetery, not a traditional garden but it was always treated as one, by the citizens of Florence. Since the restoration of its tall Cyprus trees and box hedgerows it is once again attracting people for its natural beauty and unique style. Open from 9 – 12 & 3 – 6, admission free.
Giardino della Gherardesca is the largest private, walled garden in Florence and is owned by the Four Seasons Hotel.
If you would like to take a self-guided tour of Florence we have published a helpful 3-Day Walking Guide to aid you on your travels, alternatively contact us for information about our rich and entertaining guided trips around the wonderful Tuscan and Umbrian countryside.
This entry was posted in tours and tagged Boboli, Florence, garden, gardino, holiday, tours. Bookmark the permalink.


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Home News Rise in virus cases in Africa 'incredibly worrying'
Rise in virus cases in Africa 'incredibly worrying'
The rise in coronavirus cases in Africa is "incredibly worrying" as the Delta variant has been reported in 14 countries on the continent, the World Health Organization's (WHO) regional director for Africa said on Thursday.
There have now been more than 5.3 million COVID-19 cases on the African continent, and 138,000 lives lost. "The third wave is picking up speed, spreading faster, hitting harder," Matshidiso Moeti said at a media briefing.
"This is incredibly worrying. With rapidly rising case numbers and increasing reports of serious illness, the latest surge threatens to be Africa's worst yet," she said.
The Delta variant which dominated India's second wave has been reported in 14 countries and has been detected in most samples sequenced in the past month in the Democratic Republic of Congo and Uganda, according to Moeti.
"Africa can still blunt the impact of these fast-rising infections, but the window of opportunity is closing. Everyone, everywhere can do their bit by taking precautions to prevent transmission," the health official added.
She said Africa urgently needs millions of more vaccines. "We need a sprint, not a saunter, to rapidly protect those facing the biggest risks. COVID-19 cases are outpacing vaccinations, leaving more and more dangerously exposed."
According to Moeti, 16 countries are waiving quarantine for those with a vaccination certificate. "While it's important to secure borders and keep COVID-19 from spreading, it must be equitable. Africans must not face more restrictions because they are unable to access vaccines."
"As WHO, our position remains that making proof of vaccination a pre-requisite for travel may deepen inequities, particularly while the vaccines continue to be in such short supply."
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text:
Bleyendaal was een versterkt huis aan de Kleine Melmweg, dicht bij de Oude Kerk van Soest. Het huys stond aan de westzijde van de kruising met de Brinkweg, met het front naar de Brink. Van het kasteel is niets terug te vinden.

Eerste vermelding
Het huis wordt voor het eerst genoemd in 1422, bij de belening van twee helften van een stenen kamer. Of Bleyendaal reeds in de tijd van Jacob van Gaasbeek (1390? - 1459) bestond, is onzeker. Bleyendaal behoorde tot de lenen van de Sint-Paulus-abdij behoorde. Uit een bisschoppelijke rekening uit 1377/78 staat vermeld Op desen dach (woensdag na. St. Katharina) na den eten reedt mijn heer (de bisschop) tot Zoes (om) daer recht te houden opt huys tot Zoes. Volgens Jo G. Hilhorst zou daarmee Bleyendaal bedoeld worden, in dat geval zou dit de oudste vermelding van het huis zijn.

Geschiedenis
In een akte van maandag na Kerstmis 1422 staat dat Gherijt Zoes "Een hofstede met een steenen camer en met een stuk landt" afstaat en terug en als erfleen terug ontvangt en dat het zou vererven op zijn zoon Jan Zoes. In 1496 en 1501 wijst Jutte de Beer haar boer Gijsbert de Beer als erfgenaam aan, indien zij zonder kinderen zou sterven. In 1509 komen de tot die tijd twee halve stenen kamers in handen van Willem van Dorssen. In 1565 krijgt "Evert die Wijse" Bleyendaal als een onsterfelijk erfleen: De helft van een steene kamer met haar toebehoren, met de helft van de hofstede ende van de timmeringhe als op de voorsz. hofstede staat, gelegen tot Zoest. Evert de Wijs was een neef van Willem van der Borch, na wiens dood Evert beleend werd met den thient van Nederseldert, gelegen in dat oude goet ter Borch. In 1644 wordt Johan Kardoso eigenaar, tevens eigenaar van de Kampshoeve.

In 1847 wordt Bleyendaal door ds. J.J. Bos beschreven: Het Huis Bleijendaal, met bloemtuin en bosch er achter en er naast, doorloopende tot aan het dorpsvoetpad; de moestuin was over den Brink, strekkende naar de zijde van de Eem. Aan de westzijde werd de Plaats begrensd door eene boerderij, die nog in het midden van de 19de eeuw tot Bleijendaal behoorde, doch toen verkocht werd. Het Huis, zooals ik het gekend heb, was een groot vierkant steenen gebouw van twee verdiepingen, natuurlijk, (hoe zou het in dien tijd ook anders?), gepleisterd! In het midden, waar de hoofdingang was, sprong een gedeelte 1 à 2 m. vooruit, doch dit was beneden aan de voorzijde open.

Afbraak
Na vele andere eigenaren wordt Frans Pieter Muysken eigenaar in 1853. Hij is ook eigenaar van de buitenplaats Middelwijk. In de akte wordt Bleyendaal genoemd: Een zeer aangenaam gelegen buitenverblijf, genaam Bleyendaal, met deszelfs kapitaal en wel doortimmerd Heeren huizinge, ruim koetshuis, paardenstalling, broeyery, moestuinen, koepel en in Engelschen smaak aangelegde en met uitmuntend opgaand geboomte en fijn bloemhout beplante wandelplaats. Na sloop van de boomgaard wordt Bleyendaal voor afbraak verkocht en wordt de grond bouwland.

Bij onderzoek 1982 door de Historische Vereniging van Soest werden slechts stenen, scherven en beenderen gevonden, maar geen fundering. De gevonden scherven dateerden uit de 15e tot de 18e eeuw.

Boerderij Bleijendaal
Aan het Kerkepad-Zuidzijde nr. 99 staat een boerderij Bleijendaal

Bewoners
 1422 Gherijt Zoes
 Jan Zoes (zoon van Gherijt)
 - 1507/9 Henrick de Beer en Jutgen de Beer (zijn zuster)
 1507/9 - 1554 Willem van Dorssen
 1554 - 1565 Anna Willem van Dorssen en Wilhelmina Willem van Dorssens
 1565 - 1601 Evert de Wijs
 1601 - 1604 Geertruid Evertse de Wijs
 1604 - 1610 Johan van den Berg
 1610 - 1617 Mr. Elias van den Berg
 1617 - 1634 Mr. Balthasar van den Berch
 1634 - 1644 jonker Hendrik van den Berg
 1644 - 1668 Johan Kardoso
 1668 Isac Kardoso
 1668 Isaac Govertsen de Weth en Jacomijntje Denijs
 David de Waal
 - 1692 Mr. Gerard Hamel
 1692 - 1699 Juffrouw Susanna Veselaer
 ± 1800 - 1803 Jan Pollert
 1803 - 1814 Antonie Jacob Schutter, getrouwd met Jacoba Schuijt
 1814 - 1853 Jacoba Schuijt, hertrouwd met Hendrik Philip baron Snouckaert van Schauburg
 1853 - 1875 Frans Pieter Muysken

Bronnen
 Provincie Utrecht, 1966
 Kastelen en ridderhofsteden in Utrecht, 1995
 Soest, geschiedenis en architectuur, H. Lägers en M. Kruidenier, Uitgeverij Kerckebosch, Utrecht/Zeist, 2006, 336 blz.
De kastelen te Soest deel I en II, G. Staalenhoef; in: Van Zoys tot Soest: tijdschrift van de Historische Vereniging "Soest", nr. 3, 1983
 Op zoek naar het huis Bleyendaal, P.J. van den Breemer, in: Van Zoys tot Soest: tijdschrift van de Historische Vereniging "Soest", nr. 4, 1982, blz. 9 - 12
Bleyendaal?, J.G. Hilhorst, in: Van Zoys tot Soest: tijdschrift van de Historische Vereniging "Soest", nr. 4, 1983, blz. 17 - 19
 Bleyendaal, J.J. Bos, , in: Van Zoys tot Soest: tijdschrift van de Historische Vereniging "Soest", nr. 4, 1994, blz. 16 - 22
Geschiedenis van Soest (Nederland)
Kasteel in Utrecht (provincie)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Q: Using a dependency with a higher minSdkVersion than my project - tools:overrideLibrary doesn't work I want to use a library that is API 19+ but my project is API 9+. I get the following error:
    uses-sdk:minSdkVersion 9 cannot be smaller than version 19 declared in library [*library*] *path to manifest*\AndroidManifest.xml
Suggestion: use tools:overrideLibrary="*library package*" to force usage

What I want to do is have the app available for API 9+ but check the user's Android version before the the Activity of the app where the library is used is loaded and just have that part of the app available to 19+. I would like to use Gradle rather than import the library manually. But since it won't even compile I do not know how I can do this.
I already tried tools:overrideLibrary and it did not work either. It gets stuck at :app:transformClassesWithDexForStandardDebug and then fails.
Here is the Gradle Console output:
UNEXPECTED TOP-LEVEL EXCEPTION:
com.android.dex.DexException: Multiple dex files define Lorg/apache/http/ConnectionClosedException;
at com.android.dx.merge.DexMerger.readSortableTypes(DexMerger.java:579)
at com.android.dx.merge.DexMerger.getSortedTypes(DexMerger.java:535)
at com.android.dx.merge.DexMerger.mergeClassDefs(DexMerger.java:517)
at com.android.dx.merge.DexMerger.mergeDexes(DexMerger.java:164)
at com.android.dx.merge.DexMerger.merge(DexMerger.java:188)
at com.android.dx.command.dexer.Main.mergeLibraryDexBuffers(Main.java:504)
at com.android.dx.command.dexer.Main.runMonoDex(Main.java:334)
at com.android.dx.command.dexer.Main.run(Main.java:277)
at com.android.dx.command.dexer.Main.main(Main.java:245)
at com.android.dx.command.Main.main(Main.java:106)

 FAILED

FAILURE: Build failed with an exception.

* What went wrong:
Execution failed for task ':app:transformClassesWithDexForStandardDebug'.
> com.android.build.api.transform.TransformException: com.android.ide.common.process.ProcessException: org.gradle.process.internal.ExecException: Process 'command 'C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_45\bin\java.exe'' finished with non-zero exit value 2

* Try:
Run with --stacktrace option to get the stack trace. Run with --info or --debug option to get more log output.

BUILD FAILED


We're going to change direction slightly for today's blog post (sorry, Teaser Tuesday fans, we'll be back next week!). We have typically spoken of applications, technical tips, and other things directly related to the cameras and their uses—but today, we'd like to talk about something that could be very important to the business aspect of thermographers and home performance contractors who are using thermography for building inspection work.
What does this mean for the energy auditor, buildings analyst, and buildings thermographer? This means BUSINESS! Everybody needs a little more business right? When these measures pass Congress, there will be plenty to do for anyone who has a blower door, an infrared camera, and some buildings science/residential construction knowledge. This is all that people could talk about at the ACI 2010 Home Performance Conference, and was a primary reason for all of the excitement.
If you would like to know more about the program, and how it is supposed to work, please go to: www.homestarcoalition.org . Another great place to find out information on the proposed HomeStar program is www.efficiencyfirst.org .
This is an important topic in the thermography industry, and we will work to keep you all informed. Voting takes place on Thursday, May 6, so check back to find out voter results that will be posted on our blog!


Q: I closed my browser window and now I can't get back to my course – help!!
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If you are a member of the Ohio Nurses Association and are logging in for the very first time, click the "Forgot Password" link below the login box. Enter the email address associated with your ONA membership, and a password reset email will be sent to you. Click on the link in the email to reset your password, and you'll be able to log in and complete your purchase.
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A: Each person licensed as an RN or LPN in Ohio must complete twenty-four (24) contact hours of CE during each licensure period to renew a license. A nurse who has been licensed by endorsement for less than or equal to one (1) year must complete twelve (12) contact hours. At least one (1) of the required contact hours must be Category A.
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The Ohio Nurses Association OBN Approver Number is OBN-001-91. CE4Nurses is operated by the Ohio Nurses Association.
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For this week's CCGB compedition themed 'HAIR' I thought I'd use one of the Rapunzel cartoons I drew earlier in the year but decided inside to rework one of the ideas with Han and Chewbacca.
Did the Millenium Falcon have a bathroom it certainly didn't on the replica model that was the best Christmas present I had as a child. Also could Han and Solo use the same facilities given their different heights and if Yoda or an Ewok came onboard would they need a potty instead?


text:
Cholesterol medicines lessen risk of degenerative eye disease of ageing
2022 Nov 08, 19:38, London
According to a pooled data analysis of the available evidence, which was published online in the British Journal of Ophthalmology, regular use of medications to lower cholesterol and manage type 2 diabetes may reduce the risk of AMD, a degenerative eye condition associated with ageing.
According to the findings, these common medications are associated with a lower prevalence of AMD (age-related macular degeneration) in European populations.
In high-income nations, AMD is the main contributor to serious vision impairment in elderly adults. The ailment presently affects 67 million individuals in Europe alone, and as the continent's population ages, it is expected that the number of new cases would skyrocket.
AMD impairs both central vision and fine detail perception. AMD is assumed to be caused by a number of genetic and environmental ageing-related factors, but the best ways to prevent it or halt its growth are yet unknown.
Prior studies have suggested that medications to lower cholesterol, manage diabetes, and reduce inflammation may assist to minimise the chance of getting AMD, but these results were inconsistent and based on small participant numbers.
The researchers aggregated the findings from 14 population-based and hospital-based studies, encompassing 38,694 participants from France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Norway, Portugal, Russia, and the UK, in an effort to circumvent these problems.
The studies are a part of the European Eye Epidemiology (E3) project, a pan-European collaborative network whose main goal is to create and analyse sizable pooled datasets to further our understanding of eye illness and vision loss.
All of the participants were over 50 and receiving at least one of the medications listed below: Levodopa used to treat movement difficulties brought on by neurodegenerative diseases; statins to lower cholesterol; insulin to regulate diabetes; steroids to reduce inflammation.
In the studies that were considered, the prevalence of AMD ranged from 12.5 per cent to 64.5 per cent, totalling 9,332 instances, whereas the prevalence of advanced (late) AMD ranged from 0.5 per cent to 35.5 per cent, totalling 951.
After taking into account any potential influencing factors, the pooled data analysis revealed that medications to lower cholesterol or control diabetes were related to, respectively, 15 per cent and 22 per cent lower prevalence of any type of AMD.
Despite the fact that there were only a very small number of such cases, the researchers highlight that no such connections were discovered for any of the other drug classes or for severe AMD in particular.
Theirs are the first large pooled data analysis of its kind to use individual-level data from various population-based and hospital-based studies, highlight the researchers.
"Yet, further longitudinal data are needed to confirm our findings, which are inherently limited by using cross-sectional data only and cannot infer causality," they cautioned.
But the findings point to a likely key role for metabolic processes in the development of AMD, which may offer potential new avenues for treatment and have implications for public health messaging, they suggest.
"Our study suggests that regular intake of [lipid lowering] and antidiabetic drugs is associated with reduced prevalence of AMD in the general population. Given a potential interference of these drugs with pathophysiological pathways relevant in AMD, this may contribute to a better understanding of AMD aetiology," they concluded.
Heart Health : Why it Matters
New method to map cholesterol metabolism in brain: Research
10,000 steps per day reduces risk of dementia
Beer is good for intestine: Study
Eye disease high cholesterol diabetes type 2 diabetes Research New Research opthomology cholesterol drugs
[email protected]s.com [email protected]


text:
Militant Islam Monitor > Articles > Who Is Really Behind BDS? We Can Cut Off BDS At The Spigot
Who Is Really Behind BDS? We Can Cut Off BDS At The Spigot
How can we fight the flow of finances to BDS?
Thousands of young people are now employed on campuses around the world, well financed and well organized, in an unprecedented effort that challenges the very legitimacy of Israel on every possible academic and economic front.
They call their movement: BDS – Boycott, Divestment and Sanctions.
Over the next few days, Mr. Sheldon Adelson and Mr. Haim Saban have called an emergency meeting of organizations concerned about BDS to answer two questions.
From where does the finance and organizational support for BDS emanate?
How can BDS be stopped?
The answers may be easier to ascertain than one would expectMost recently, official representatives of the Palestinian Authority, the PA, engaged in an international effort that almost booted Israel out of FIFA, the most prestigious international sporting association, a step which could have denied any Israel sports team from competing in any sports competition, anywhere in the world.
The direct involvement of the PA in this massive BDS activity revealed what had been known for years, which is that the Palestinian Authority in Ramallah organized the BDS "movement" in 2005. The BDS web site speaks for itself. http://www.bdsmovement.net/, It is no more than a front for the PA.
BDS has indeed fostered an image that makes it seem as if it is a spontaneous grass roots movement.
"BDS" sounds better to the modern ear than "boycott" or "blacklist".
Yet it does not take much research to discern that BDS is not listed anywhere as an independent organization, nor does BDS even hold or own a bank account, anywhere in the world. That is meant to foster the grass roots image, but the money involved has to come from somewhere.
BDS, in fact, acts as a subsidiary of the PA, in coordination with the PLO Negotiations Department, working with the official Arab League boycott of Israel that has fought Israel ever since the Jewish state came into being in 1948. (How many of you remember the days when American Jews shunned Pepsi Cola because it had succumbed to the Arab boycott pressure and refused to sell to Israel?)
After losing the battle to eradicate the new state of Israel, the Arab League launched a full-scale economic war, which continues to this day, recruiting each Arab country to promote a boycott of all companies that do business in Israel.
The Arab League Boycott requires all imports into Arab ports to produce a "negative certificate of origin" - a document indicating that products were not manufactured in Israel, and their components were also not sourced from the Jewish state.
The Arab League via a Central Boycott Office (CBO), established in 1951, has implemented this ever since. The CBO was tasked with creating a "blacklist" of companies and institutions with trade ties to Israel, and applies to all Arab countries, except for the two Arab nations that signed peace treaties with Israel- Egypt and Jordan, which signed off from the Arab boycott. The PLO was expected to also sign off from the Arab boycott after the 1993 Oslo Accords.
However, the PLO has never stopped promoting the Arab boycott of Israel, even though one of the explicit clauses of the "declaration of principles" in Oslo was that the PLO would no longer support the Arab League boycott of Israel.
Why? What has escaped public attention is that the PLO never ratified the "declaration of principles", the most fundamental document of the Israel-Palestinian Oslo Accords, nor did the PLO ever cancel its charter to destroy Israel, which was another major clause in that accord.
Only three weeks after the Oslo Accords were initialed on the White House lawn on September 13, 1993, pending ratification by both sides, a prominent left wing journalist, Pinchas Inbari, reporting for the Mapam (Meretz) newspaper Al Hamishmar from the PLO headquarters in Tunis, reported that PLO leader Yassir Arafat announced that on the day of the scheduled PLO ratification, October 6, 1993, the PLO leader could not or would not convene the necessary quorum for ratification. As a result, the Oslo Accords have gone unratified to this day.
I called the Arab League Boycott office at the Arab League office in Washington, DC. and asked if the PLO supports the current Arab League boycott.
The Arab League spokesman confirmed that the PLO indeed supports the Arab boycott campaign against Israeli products. Without any prodding, the Arab League spokesman went on to say that "We call that BDS now"-
The Arab league spokesman confirmed that all data of the Arab League boycott and Arab League blacklist has now been transferred to BDS, working under the control of each PLO legation in more than 100 countries, under the supervision of the PLO Negotiations Department, which coordinates activities with the central offices of the Palestinian Authority.
That means that the PA now enjoys the best of all worlds. The PA imports 30 billion shekels a year of Israeli products, while the PLO helps the Arab League campaign to boycott Israeli products, using the new terminology of BDS.
BDS activists, mostly from campuses abroad, now make timely visits to the PA in Ramallah, where cash is allocated for an untold number of BDS activists to profit in cash for their BDS activities
Since supervision of funds for Palestinian humanitarian services in the PA or UNRWA hardly exists, and since more than one nation provides cash for each of the Palestinian humanitarian services, that means that a cash surplus exists which PA can allocate for BDS activists to finance their operations.
It is easy to witness BDS hard at work in Jerusalem.
BDS activists from abroad meet at the American Colony Hotel on a regular basis with senior officials of the PA and return home to their campuses with bundles of cash in their pockets.
How can you fight the flow of finances to BDS?
Keep it simple. Ask each donor nation that funds Palestinian humanitarian services to make a reasonable requirement for transparency for the funds that each nation allocates to the PA or to UNRWA.
The BDS spigot may dry up, very quickly.
And then there is a diplomatic avenue. The PLO embassy in Washington, DC, which coordinates BDS activity in the US, was opened in May 1996 with the permission of the US government on the proviso that the PLO would cancel its charter to destroy Israel.
The PLO charter remains unchanged.
The non-cancellation of the PLO charter can now be invoked, to choke off the PLO office in DC, the fulcrum of support for the BDS.
Last but not least, the Israel Legal Forum has distributed copies of a strong anti-boycott law that was passed four years ago in Israel, http://www.nevo.co.il/law_word/law14/law-2304.pdf which mandates that anyone or any organization that engages in advancing a boycott of Israel or Israeli firms can be arrested and tried for a felony, and, upon conviction, can serve ten years in prison and face fines that will put their organization out of business.
The time may be right to encourage Israel to prosecute those Israeli citizens and visitors in Israel who actively promote the BDS Arab boycott of Israel.
http://www.israelnationalnews.com/Articles/Article.aspx/17022#!


text:
The Oprah effect? Dem candidate gets star power in Georgia governor race
Nate Madden	· October 31, 2018
Kevin Winter | Getty Images
As part of the last-ditch effort to get out the Democratic vote and turn Georgia blue, television star and media mogul Oprah Winfrey plans to do some door-knocking for gubernatorial candidate Stacey Abrams.
"I am honored to have Oprah join me for uplifting and honest conversations with voters about the clear choice before us in this election and the boundless potential of Georgians," reads a statement from Abrams to BuzzFeed News.
Abrams, who is looking to take over the seat currently held by GOP Governor Nathan Deal, has come under fire recently for comments that opponents say disparaged agriculture and hospitality workers, which are big businesses in the state she wants to run. She also is a proponent of banning AR-15s, though she won't say whether or not she's on board with confiscating the rifles, according to the Washington Free Beacon.
Normally, celebrity support to boost a Democrat's chances in a typically red state would elicit a few chuckles from those who know exactly how far star power actually goes outside deep-blue liberal strongholds. But polling for the race has been showing a statistical dead heat for a while now, and we'll just have to see if the Oprah effect will or will not be a thing when the dust settles in Georgia.
And let's be real for a moment: You have to wonder if Oprah has thought through the public health consequences of this effort. If she shows up on doorsteps unannounced, her sheer star power might cause a few excitement-driven heart problems.


Two unique AZFlow evaporative cooling applications offer the potential to save significant energy and water. These are cooling the makeup air as an integrated element of the Heating Ventilating and Air Conditioning (HVAC) system in commercial buildings, and as stand alone coolers for industrial, manufacturing, and warehouse facilities. Air conditioning or mechanical chillers are seldom and option for industrial, manufacturing, and warehouse facilities since the footprint of the facilities is typically so large and the associated equipment and costs to cool such large facilities are unmanageable. However, mechanical chillers are an integral part of the HVAC system in most commercial buildings. Cooling the air in facilities in some cities, like Phoenix, is a must in the summer and while less demanding during other periods is close to a requirement year round. While cooling period may be shorter in other cities it always extends beyond the set of design temperatures.
As discussed earlier evaporative coolers cool air by evaporating water while mechanical chillers cool this air by using heat exchangers with an intermediate refrigerant cycle. This intermediate refrigerant cycle typically includes a compressor (to compress the low pressure refrigerant vapor in the evaporator coil to a higher pressure vapor), a condenser (where heat is transferred from the high pressure vapor to a wet cooling tower or to the ambient air and the high pressure vapor condenses into a liquid), an expansion valve (where the high pressure liquid is expanded to a low pressure mist), and the evaporation coil (where this low pressure mist absorbs its latent heat of vaporization to become a vapor thereby cooling the coil and the air passed over the coil).
Evaporative cooling uses much less energy to cool a facility than mechanical refrigerant systems where and when such cooling is an option. While the energy used per ton of air conditioning is dropping, as the units developed by suppliers become more efficient, it is still significant. Air conditioning units representative of those found today in commercial office buildings in Phoenix use energy at a rate of 0.61 kW per ton (12,000 BTU/hr). About half of the commercial buildings with mechanical chillers use wet cooling towers with additional pumps and fans. AZWall coolers, consisting of multiple wet sections and no blowers, were developed to cool the makeup air to these commercial office buildings. In buildings where this makeup air capability is close to 100 percent, the full building cooling function can be satisfied by these evaporative coolers and the air conditioning chiller, supporting chilled water, and cooling tower systems can be placed in standby. By shutting down the chill water system, circulating water system, and the cooling tower in addition to the mechanical chiller, the evaporative cooling system is able to dramatically reduce the electrical energy demands of the building. One such installation where AZWall coolers have been installed saved enough energy to recover its investment in these coolers in the first two months of their operation.
AZFlow coolers are able to generate additional energy savings since they deliver air that is cooler than those of other evaporative coolers thereby decreasing the number of coolers needed to cool the same space under low dew point conditions and make AZFlow coolers the only viable cooler at higher dew point temperatures (Monsoon conditions). AZFlow cooler designs include aerodynamic features to limit drag and fan design features to achieve efficient mechanical design thereby minimizing the fan horsepower requirements. The energy saving driven by these differences can be seen in a retrofit at a local shop where standard aspen pad units delivered 16,000 cfm at 0.25 inches of water static using 7.5 horsepower motors while the AZFlow unit delivers 24,000 cfm at 0.25 inches of water static using a 5 horsepower motor. Seven of these 16,000 cfm Master Cool units were replaced with one AZFlow 24,000 cfm unit. Only four of these Master Cool units were run at one time so the power requirement under this configuration was 30 Hp as compared to the new AZFlow configuration using a 5 Hp motor to drive the fan.
The weather profile in much of the west typically means that if evaporative cooling is not effective for the full cooling season it can be effective for a significant period of time such that significant energy savings can be gleaned and the associated benefits captured even if it is not able to provide adequate cooling at the design point. The ability of the AZFlow coolers to stretch this period of coverage brings opportunity for significant savings.
The comparative amounts of energy needed to cool both a Phoenix office building and a small Phoenix industrial shop with evaporative coolers relative to that required to cool with mechanical chillers is provided in the table below. This assumes both systems cool the air to the same wet bulb and dry bulb conditions. Additionally, the energy required to circulate the air is assumed to be the same for both systems. The assumed chiller energy use rate is 0.61 kW per ton of air conditioning based on actual existing conditions at a representative Phoenix office building. As shown in the table below the annual cost of energy to cool mechanically assuming 7 ¢ per kilowatt-hr is significant and we all know there is significant upward pressure on the cost for electricity.
The peak cooling loads and therefore peak AC related electrical demand typically coincide with the summer peak for the utility electrical grid. This puts extra benefits on energy savings from both the community stand point and from a business standpoint as it reduces the pressure for construction of additional power stations and avoids the all too frequent challenge facilities seem to face today of being ask to cut back on electric use or shut down their facilities.