Dr. Wenshan Cai joined the faculty of the Georgia Institute of Technology in January 2012 as an Associate Professor in Electrical and Computer Engineering, with a joint appointment in Materials Science and Engineering. Prior to this, he was a postdoctoral fellow in the Geballe Laboratory for Advanced Materials at Stanford University. His scientific research is in the area of nanophotonic materials and devices, in which he has made a major impact on the evolving field of plasmonics and metamaterials. Dr. Cai has published more than 50 papers in peer-reviewed journals, and the total citations of his recent papers have reached approximately 10,000 within the past 10 years. He authored the book, Optical Metamaterials: Fundamentals and Applications, which is used as a textbook or a major reference at many universities around the world. He received his B.S. and M.S. degrees from Tsinghua University in 2000 and 2002, respectively, and his Ph.D. from Purdue University in 2008, all in electrical/electronic engineering. Dr. Cai is the recipient of several national and international distinctions, including the OSA/SPIE Joseph W. Goodman Book Writing Award (2014), the CooperVision Science & Technology Award (2016), and the Office of Naval Research Young Investigator Award (2017).
S. Lan, L. Kang, D. T. Schoen, S. P. Rodrigues, Y. Cui, M. L. Brongersma, and Wenshan Cai, "Backward phase-matching for nonlinear optical generation in negative-index materials," Nature Materials, Vol. 14, No. 8, 807-811 (2015).
L. Kang, S. Lan, Y. Cui, S. P. Rodrigues, Y. Liu, D. H. Werner, and Wenshan Cai, "An active metamaterial platform for chiral responsive optoelectronics," Advanced Materials, Vol. 27, No. 29, 4377–4383 (2015).
S. P. Rodrigues and Wenshan Cai, "Nonlinear optics: Tuning harmonics with excitons," Nature Nanotechnology, Vol. 10, No. 5, 387-388 (2015).
S. P. Rodrigues, Y. Cui, S. Lan, L. Kang, and Wenshan Cai, "Metamaterials enable chiral-selective enhancement of two-photon luminescence from quantum emitters," Advanced Materials, Vol. 27, No. 6, 1124-1130 (2015).
S. P. Rodrigues, S. Lan, L. Kang, Y. Cui, and Wenshan Cai, "Nonlinear imaging and spectroscopy of chiral metamaterials," Advanced Materials, Vol. 26, No. 35, 6157-6162 (2014).
Y. Cui, L. Kang, S. Lan, S. P. Rodrigues, and Wenshan Cai, "Giant chiral optical response from a twisted-arc metamaterial," Nano Letters, Vol. 14, No. 2, 1021-1025 (2014).
L. Kang, Y. Cui, S. Lan, S. P. Rodrigues, M. L. Brongersma, and Wenshan Cai, "Electrifying photonic metamaterials for tunable nonlinear optics," Nature Communications, Vol. 5, 4680 (2014).
E. C. Garnett, Wenshan Cai, J. J. Cha, F. Mahmood, S. T. Connor, M. G. Christoforo, Y. Cui, M. D. McGehee, and M. L. Brongersma, "Self-limited plasmonic welding of silver nanowire junctions," Nature Materials, Vol. 11, No. 3, 241-249 (2012).
Wenshan Cai, A. P. Vasudev, and M. L. Brongersma, "Electrically controlled nonlinear generation of light with plasmonics," Science, Vol. 333, No. 6050, 1720-1723 (2011).
J. A. Schuller, E. S. Barnard, Wenshan Cai, Y. C. Jun, J. S. White, and M. L. Brongersma, "Plasmonics for extreme light concentration and manipulation," Nature Materials, Vol. 9, No. 3, 193-204 (2010).
Wenshan Cai and M. L. Brongersma, "Plasmonics gets transformed," Nature Nanotechnology, Vol. 5, No. 7, 485-486 (2010).
Wenshan Cai, U. K. Chettiar, A. V. Kildishev, and V. M. Shalaev, "Optical cloaking with metamaterials," Nature Photonics, Vol. 1, No. 4, 224-227 (2007).


A Frontier Academy book fair to benefit the students and teachers at Meeker Elementary School raised more than $3,000 and provided Meeker with more than 300 new books, according to an email from Laura Chafin, Frontier's director of K-12 development.
The drive also collected hundreds of used books, too, Chafin said. Meeker will be able to use the money raised to replenish its library when its building is rebuilt.
Meeker was badly damaged in a flood late last year and its students have been going to school at Generations Church.


Our "no-fuss" fundraiser is a great way to earn funds for your school, church, club or organization. For answers to the program's Frequently Asked Questions, please click here. To register your organization for the fundraiser, please click here. You can e-mail: fundraiser@penelopescorner.com for further questions or concerns. Come join the fun.
or check out the Frequently Asked Questions!


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| Residential dining goes organic
Residential dining goes organic
Tom Sullivan 12:00 am, Sep 02, 2004
Organic food lovers no longer have to bluff their way into Berkeley College to satisfy their taste buds.
Thirty of the most popular items from Berkeley's menu are now part of the regular rotation of options in the other 10 open residential college dining halls this fall, Yale Associate Vice President for Student Financial and Administrative Services Ernst Huff said. The organic entrees, one of which will appear every day, Monday to Thursday, at lunch or dinner, are part of a larger overhaul of the menu offered by Yale University Dining Services.
"From the very beginning, we recognized that this was not a program that could be limited to one residential college," Huff said.
Berkeley's sustainable menu, featuring organic food that is locally grown, was launched last term. Demand for its offerings grew to such an extent that the college was forced to severely restrict access at mealtime, allowing only Berkeley students and their guests to enter.
The offering is "more limited" than the one in Berkeley, Huff said, but YUDS selected the most popular items served there, including grass-fed beef burgers and handmade pizza. He said the University also changed dining hall menus in other ways, including removing many casseroles and rearranging the pairing of items so they were more compatible.
"Last spring the menu for this current academic year had been completed toward the end," Huff said. "Basically what we said was that we were going to scrap that menu entirely … and rebuild it based upon certain things, some of which had to deal with the food program and others just had to deal with taste and acceptability."
A committee of cooks will evaluate the new menu on a weekly basis, Yale University Dining Services Executive Director Don McQuarrie said.
Like the Berkeley program last year, the new offerings are not cheap, costing $700,000 to $800,000 more this year, according to Huff. As in Berkeley's case, dining services will be asking the development office to subsidize the program, but he said they recognize this is not a long-term funding solution.
Yale is also introducing organic milk, bananas and other products, Yale Sustainable Food Project Assistant Director Melina Shannon-DiPietro said. She said the University is also finalizing recipes for organic brownies and chocolate chip cookies, which will be introduced next week. Two organic desserts will be offered each week, Huff said.
Using more sustainable food benefits the local community, Shannon-DiPietro said, by employing people and maintaining farmlands. She cited the example of New Haven-based Palmieri Food Products, which received the contract to provide organic tomato sauce to Yale's kitchens.
"A year ago, [the company] was laying off people," Shannon-DiPietro said. "This means [it] won't be doing that this year."
The food also tastes much better, Shannon-DiPietro said, because it is produced locally and can be grown for taste rather than transport. Workers also have higher morale, she said, since they are cooking with better ingredients.
Commons Dining Hall will not be offering the organic items, Huff said, but some improvements have been implemented there as well. As part of a two-phase renovation plan, changes have been made to improve the flow and bring like items together, McQuarrie said, and there is a bigger salad bar and improved deli station. In the spring, workers may place an oven on the serving floor to cook pizza and hot sandwiches, and Commons will feature more "display cooking," McQuarrie said.
Students asked about the changes were generally positive, saying they appreciated the more diverse meat offerings and the safety of the organic food. While even Berkeley "has its off days," Mayanka Mudgal '07 said, she said she hoped organic options would continue to expand.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Hard fat suppository base with high melting point containing polysorbates to improve dispersion of difficult-to-formulate and hydrophilic APIs.
Adapted for the incorporation of active ingredients in aqueous solutions and/or hydroalcoholic extracts.
Prevents the exudation of APIs in solution.


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Zenden expecting Blind to stay on, sees Koeman as future Netherlands coach
By FourFourTwo Staff 21 October 2015
Former Netherlands star Bolo Zenden thinks the players and KNVB must take much of the blame for the nation's Euro2016 qualifying failure.
Bolo Zenden sees Southampton boss Ronald Koeman as a future Netherlands head coach, but believes it would send out the wrong message to sack Danny Blind following the "big disaster" of failing to qualify for Euro 2016.
The Dutch have become accustomed to being among the favourites for major tournaments and finished third at the World Cup in Brazil last year under Louis van Gaal.
But they sensationally missed out on a place in the European Championship next year after failing to even secure a play-off place in a Group A campaign which saw Blind promoted to the top job when Guus Hiddink stepped down in July.
Blind endured a baptism of fire, losing three of the four qualifiers he took charge of to prompt speculation over his future early in his reign.
Former Netherlands international Zenden expects Blind, who signed a three-year deal, to stay on and thinks the players and the KNVB should shoulder much of the blame for such a poor qualifying campaign.
Zenden told Omnisport: "Maybe in the end you can say it's not the fault of the manager, but the players have to take responsibility and the Dutch FA.
"I guess he'll stay on because he took over in a bad moment and what signal do you give if you change the manager again?
"The other thing is, if the manager has been changed then the person who put him in charge will have to move on as well because of the mistakes he's made along the way.
"He's not going to move, so the manager doesn't move. There has to be change not just within the camp, there is talks in Holland to employ a technical director, more like a director of football, above the coach and above the people in charge from the highest level at the Dutch FA.
"Will it make such a big difference if you change him after four games. He has been there with Hiddink and it was his time to shine after Euro 2016, but he took over halfway through as it wasn't going the way it should be.
"If you change him now you have to think 'who should be in the role at the moment?'. I don't think there's anybody now that will take on the job or someone who would do it any better.
"The name of Ronald Koeman has been mentioned, but he's not going to move now. I don't think this is the time to try and get Ronald Koeman in. He will probably [be one for the job] in the future."
Ex-Barcelona, Chelsea and Liverpool midfielder Zenden felt Netherlands came up short as they were simply not good enough.
"It's a big disaster and from my point of view it comes down to quality that they were lacking," the 39-year-old added.
"Van Gaal played the World Cup with more or less the same players. Coming back from the World Cup they probably thought they were better than they were.
"They went back to the usual 4-3-3 and there was just not enough quality in the team."


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Home > Eye Care / Vision > Nearsightedness on the Increase
Nearsightedness on the Increase
By HealthCast on December 15, 2009
TUESDAY, Dec. 15Myopia (nearsightedness) is more common in the United States than it was more than 30 years ago, a National Eye Institute study shows.
Researchers compared National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data from 4,436 black and white participants from 1971 to 1972 and from 8,339 black and white participants from 1999 to 2004. The participants were 12 to 54 years old.
The prevalence of myopia increased from 25 percent in 1971-1972 to 41.6 percent in the later period. The incidence jumped from 13 percent to 33.5 percent among blacks, and 26.3 percent to 43 percent among whites.
The findings appear in the December issue of the Archives of Ophthalmology.
Even though myopia can be treated with eyeglasses, contact lenses or refractive surgery, its high prevalence costs Americans billions of dollars a year, the researchers noted.
"The question of whether myopia prevalence is increasing is therefore important to health planners and policy makers," the study authors concluded. "Identifying modifiable risk factors for the development of myopia could lead to the development of cost-effective interventional strategies."
The U.S. National Eye Institute has more about refractive errors.


How to get a certificate of residency.
Homepage › Forum › Siem Reap Forum › General Questions & Information › How to get a certificate of residency.
Update, January 2018 – Siem Reap's immigration police is now asking US $10 to do the immigration registration paper. And US $20 if you also want them to process the residency registration paper (which is normally done by the commune). These are NOT the official prices, as these papers are normally free. Ask for a receipt and you will get a confusing story about why this is an extra (even personal) service by the officer you are talking to…. yada yada yada… In the end there is no other solution, then to accept this corruption or go back home empty-handed. So pay and keep on smiling or it will ruin your day.
Can one of you please explain to me the pro's and cons of residency registration?


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Learn & Teach Medicine
Lecturio Medical Knowledge Essentials – Aortic Dissection
Last update September 24, 2021
https://www.lecturio.com/magazine/lecturio-medical-knowledge-essentials-aortic-dissection/
Ahmed Elsherif, Suez Canal University; Stanley Oiseth, Chief Medical Editor, Lecturio
Aortic dissection is a surgical cardiac emergency characterized by tears in the innermost layer (tunica intima) of the aorta leading to the separation of tunica intima and tunica media and the formation of a new false channel.
In aortic dissection, the tunica intima of the aortic wall develops a fissure that causes blood to enter the media layer of the wall to form a false channel, forcibly separating the layers of the wall and causing severe pain, characteristically known as a tearing pain. This is a serious medical emergency as it can partially occlude branches of the aorta and reduce blood flow to the rest of the body resulting in insufficient supply of blood and nutrients to the vital organs. In severe cases, the aorta can rupture and cause rapid death.
For further review of this topic, including links to lectures by specialists in the field, follow this link: https://www.lecturio.com/concepts/aortic-dissection/
This article is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice and should not be relied on as health or personal advice. Always seek the guidance of your doctor or other qualified health professional with any questions you may have regarding your health or a medical condition.
Differential Diagnoses
Aortic dissection is a rare condition in which new cases are reported at a rate of 2–3.5 per 100,000 people every year. It is more common in men than women: 65% of all dissections are reported in males, mostly associated with hypertension.
People of age 40–70 years are more likely to develop this condition. It is more common in Afro—Caribbean people than Caucasians, similar to the risk of hypertension. Asians have the lowest incidence.
Dissections that occur individuals 30–40 years of age are usually associated with genetic and/or connective tissue diseases such as Marfan syndrome.
Acquired Causes
Blunt chest trauma (e.g., car accidents, though they are usually deceleration injuries that more commonly cause a complete aortic transection or iatrogenic trauma (during catheterization or intra-aortic balloon pump counterpulsation)
Pregnancy, especially in the third trimester and in the postpartum period
Syphilis (tertiary stage) as it causes vasculitis with aortic involvement.
Amphetamines and cocaine use.
Cardiac surgery—especially aortic valve replacement, since aortic regurgitation can cause dilatation and aortic wall weakening.
Congenital Causes
Genetic disease/connective tissue abnormalities that affect the aorta; affects the structure and function of connective tissue/proteins (e.g., collagen and elastin) in the walls of the aorta — Marfan syndrome (more likely to be proximal dissections), Ehlers-Danlos syndrome
Turner syndrome (causes aortic root dilatation)
Bicuspid aortic valve increases the chance of ascending aortic dissection.
High-yield facts:
Hypertension is the most common cause of ascending aortic aneurysm.
70 % of patients with aortic dissection have uncontrolled high blood pressure.
There are several systems of classification for aortic dissection based on anatomy or duration of onset of symptoms.
Two different classifications of aortic dissections are used. Of the two, the Stanford classification predominates. Both the DeBakey classification and the Stanford classification are used to separate aortic dissections into those that need surgical repair, and those that usually require only medical management. DeBakey Type I involves the ascending aorta, arch, and descending thoracic aorta and may progress to involve the abdominal aorta); DeBakey Type II is limited to the ascending; DeBakey Type IIIa involves the descending thoracic aorta distal to the left subclavian artery and proximal to the celiac artery; DeBakey Type IIIb involves the thoracic and abdominal aorta distal to the left subclavian artery. In the Stanford classification, Type A involves the ascending aorta and may progress to involve the arch and thoracoabdominal aorta, and Type B involves the descending thoracic or thoracoabdominal aorta distal to the left subclavian artery without involvement of the ascending aorta. The treatment of type A dissections surgical, unless the patients would not survive surgery. Type B dissections can usually be managed medically, but surgery or endovascular intervention may be used if there are complications or progressive symptoms Other classifications of aortic dissections are also used, to improve specificity and reporting standards (J Vasc Surg. 2020;71(3):723).
Stanford Classification
Mnemonic:
Stanford A = Affects ascending aorta
Stanford B = Begins beyond brachiocephalic vessels
The Stanford classification is the most commonly used in aortic dissection.
Ascending aorta +/- aortic arch, possibly descending aorta.
Can involve the aortic valve
It requires primary surgical treatment
Descending aorta or the aorta (distal to the left subclavian artery) without the involvement of the ascending aorta
It is generally treated conservatively by controlling blood pressure and heart rate.
Surgery is indicated in complicated cases only.
DeBakey system
In contrast, the DeBakey system is based on anatomy:
60% Origin — ascending aorta, extends to the aortic arch and often beyond. Most lethal and often seen in patients < 65.
Image: "DeBakey Type 1" by JHeuser. License: CC BY-SA 3.0
30–35% Origin — ascending aorta and is confined here
10–15% Origin — descending aorta — rarely goes proximally but commonly goes distally. Elderly with hypertension and atherosclerosis.
Image: "Scheme of aortic dissection" by JHeuser. License: CC BY-SA 3.0
In aortic dissection, blood enters the intima from the media layers. The high pressure exerted by blood tears the media apart in a laminated plane. The plane is usually between the inner 2/3rds and the outer 1/3rd. The dissection can extend proximally and/or distally for variable distances. This establishes a connection between the media and intima through a false lumen.
Most dissections originate in the ascending aorta, usually within 10 cm of the aortic valve. These tears are commonly 1–5 cm long and are transverse or oblique in orientation, with rough edges.
Antegrade dissection — spreads towards the iliac bifurcation and sometimes all the way down to the iliac and femoral arteries
Retrograde dissection — spreads towards the aortic root and heart
Sometimes, the dissection can spread through the intima, media, and adventitia causing external rupture. This results in huge internal bleeding or cardiac tamponade if the dissection extends through the adventitia but into the pericardial sac, forming a hemopericardium. Both scenarios are life-threatening and can rapidly lead to death.
When the blood enters the intima and tears through the media, it creates a false lumen. The true lumen is the natural physiological lumen of the vessel. In between both of these lumens is a layer of intima which is known as the intimal flap. As stated above, the false lumen may recanalize into the true lumen.
There are different types of aortic dissection. 65% originate in the ascending aorta, 10% in the aortic arch and 20% occur in the descending thoracic aorta (distal to the ligamentum arteriosum).
The reason behind why intimal tear occurs is unknown. It can occur as a result of intimal ischemia from increased shear forces due to hypertension, or due to genetic connective tissue diseases such as Marfan syndrome. In Marfan, the collagen and elastin within the media are degenerative, unstructured, and dysfunctional—causing cystic medial necrosis (as discussed below).
In approximately 10% of cases, there is no evidence of an intimal tear. These dissections may be caused by bleeding within the medial layer of the vessel resulting in secondary aortic dissection.
Genetic Disease Implications
Marfan syndrome is a connective tissue disorder which involves the misfolding of fibrillin-1. This is a protein that forms elastic tissue and has roles in signaling. One such role includes binding to TGF-beta; inappropriate functioning of the mutated fibrillin-1 causes an accumulation of TGF-beta in various tissues including the aorta, resulting in weakened tissue with an abnormal structure and function.
Ehlers-Danlos syndrome is a genetic condition characterized by insufficient production and processing of collagen (an essential protein involved in the structure of tissues). This can lead to weakened vessel walls that can develop an aneurysm
Lesions associated with aortic dissection
Image: "Histopathological image of dissecting aneurysm of thoracic aorta in a patient without evidence of Marfan's trait. The damaged aorta was surgically removed and replaced by artificial vessel. Victoria blue & HE stain." by KGH. License: CC BY-SA 3.0
Thoracic aortic dissection should be considered in all patients with chest pain. This pain usually has the following characteristics:
Site: Chest pain depends on the location of dissection (can mimic myocardial infarction pain). This pain occurs as a result of to the interruption of blood flow to the coronary arteries causing ischemia (usually when arch or root are affected). Pain is usually more sudden and severe at onset, when compared to MIs. The dissection is painless in 10% of patients.
Onset: Sudden.
Character: Excruciating tearing/ripping pain (tearing pain between the shoulder blades is usually associated with descending aortic dissection).
Radiation: To the back and/or in-between the shoulders. Can radiate to the neck or jaw (usually occurs with arch dissection which spreads into the branches of the aorta).
Severity: Usually excruciating (can be mild in some cases).
The following neurological symptoms can be the presenting complaint in 20% of cases:
Syncope (hypovolemia, arrhythmia, increased vagal tone)
Altered mental status
Stroke (CVA)—hemiparesis or hemiplegia with hemianesthesia
Change in sensation (tingling, paresthesia, pain) and motor function (weakness) can occur if peripheral nerves are affected by the lack of blood supply
Hoarseness due to compression of the laryngeal nerve
Additionally, other types of symptoms may occur alongside aortic dissection.
Cardiovascular symptoms: There may be acute severe aortic valve compromise leading to secondary congestive left heart failure. This leads to orthopnea and dyspnea.
Hypertension: Underlying hypertension or an increase in circulating catecholamines
Hypotension: Poor prognostic sign as may be the result of cardiac tamponade, hypovolemia or increase vagal tone.
Symptoms of esophageal compression: Dysphagia
Abdominal pain: If it extends to the abdominal aorta
Flank pain: If the renal arteries are involved
Symptoms of systemic disease(s): Patients may have established disease(s) associated with the aortic dissection and could, therefore, have symptoms of the peripheral vascular disease, infection, Marfan syndrome or Ehlers-Danlos syndrome.
The following list comprises the most common signs of aortic dissection:
Blood pressure that is unequal in both arms, usually with a difference of > 20 mm Hg between left and right arms (may be normal in 20%) due to dissection obstructing the branches of the aorta
Aortic regurgitation characterized by bounding (collapsing/water hammer) pulse, wide pulse pressure, diastolic murmur
Signs of congestive heart failure secondary to acute severe aortic valve dysfunction leading to orthopnea, dyspnea, elevated JVP, and bibasilar crackles
Possibly unconsciousness
Cardiac tamponade, characterized by distension of jugular veins, hypotension, pulsus paradoxus, Kussmaul's sign
SVC obstruction can cause to SVC syndrome in rare cases
Signs of stroke—e.g., body leaning to one side due to hemiparesis
Patient in shock; cold, clammy, pale, tachycardia, tachypnea
Horner's syndrome may be present due to compression of the cervical sympathetic chain.
Numbness and tingling in the upper and lower limbs due to peripheral ischemia
Signs of hemothorax may be present if the dissection ruptures into the pleura: see rapid shallow breathing, sharp pleuritic pain.
Acute arterial insufficiency in the lower or upper limbs, as indicated by weak pulses, pallor, low body temperature, loss of sensation—paresthesias, paralysis
Signs of connective tissue disorders such as Marfan and Ehlers-Danlos syndromes.
Aortic dissection might cause the following complications:
Hypotension and hypovolemic shock that can eventually lead to death by exsanguination (blood loss)
Permanent disability from stroke (CVA)
Acute aortic regurgitation leading to proximal dissection spreading to the sinus of Valsalva and the aortic root
Pulmonary edema related to acute aortic valve regurgitation
Pericardial tamponade due to blood in the pericardial sac (hemopericardium)
Myocardial ischemia because of reduction in blood flow to the coronary arteries
Global ischemia e.g., mesenteric/intestinal, renal, spinal cord, other sites of visceral ischemia/infarction
Compression of some anatomical parts such as the esophagus, SVC, ganglia (sympathetic chain causing Horner's syndrome), airway, and left recurrent laryngeal nerve (hoarseness and vocal cord paralysis).
Methods of Detecting Aortic Dissection
Diagnosis of aortic dissection needs to be rapid and accurate. Diagnosis should be suspected from the history and physical examination as previously explained.
Investigations are used to diagnose and reveal the site of the intimal tear and extent of dissection.
Chest Radiograph (CXR)
Initial imaging that shows mediastinal widening; pleural effusions may be visible
Calcium sign—the calcified intima is separated from the outer aortic soft tissue border by one cm (rare)
Obliteration of the aortic knob
Chest X-ray shows mediastinal widening (line labeled as 1) and a prominent aortic knob (line labeled as 2) in Stanford type A aortic dissection. Image: "Chest x-ray of aortic dissection type Stanford A" by JHeuser. License: CC BY-SA 3.0
Transesophageal echocardiogram (TEE)
High sensitivity and specifically for hemodynamically unstable patients
Fast, minimally invasive, and can be used in unstable patients or in those with renal insufficiency or contrast allergy
Can determine if valves or ostia of the coronary arteries are involved
Does not provide a full view, hence MRI is recommended
Image: Contrast-enhanced computed tomography of chest indicated type A aortic dissection from aortic root.
(A) Axial view; (B) sagittal view
Arrows indicate intimal flap. By: Medicine. License: CC BY 4.0
Noninvasive, rapid and accurate test that can give a 3D view of the aorta—especially useful for surgical interventions
It is used in stable patients
Injected iodinated contrast medium used
Very sensitive and specific investigation
Unable to diagnose site of intimal tear
Image: "MRT scan of aortic dissection" by Dr. Lars Grenacher. 1: descending aorta with dissection; 2: aortic arch. License: CC BY-SA 3.0
Gold standard for detection and assessment.
Sensitivity and specificity of 98%
It is used if contrast-enhanced CT is contraindicated in stable patients.
Can create a 3D reconstruction and can determine the intimal tear location (unlike CT scans) and extent of the dissection
Noninvasive
No iodinated contrast needed
Quantifies the level of aortic insufficiency
May only be available at larger hospitals
Takes longer than CT scans and therefore may be less useful.
Myocarditis, myocardial infarction, aortic aneurysmal rupture, and mechanical chest pain (pain referred from the cervical or thoracic spine or from a costo-chondral or chondro-sternal joint), are the main differential diagnoses.
Acute Stanford Type A (DeBakey 1+2)
Acute ascending aortic dissection A surgical emergency; medical therapy alone only if major comorbidities
Acute Stanford Type B (DeBakey 3)
Descending aortic dissection Medical initially and surgical if complications (occlusion of major branch, severe hypertension, chest pain, propagation of the dissection aneurysmal expansion, expanding hematoma, or rupture)
Type A aortic dissection is usually treated by emergent open surgery, less often by endovascular stent-grafting if there are major comorbidities, and a hybrid approach has been used (surgical repair of the ascending aorta, and endovascular stent-graft for the descending aorta).
Type B aortic distension is initially treated by beta-blockers, vasodilators, or calcium channel blockers; open surgical repair is if there are complications (occlusion of major branch, severe hypertension, chest pain, propagation of the dissection aneurysmal expansion, expanding hematoma, or rupture)
Beta-blockers given via intravenous route are the first-line early treatment of AD, with the goal of decreasing the heart rate to 60 bpm. The next step is to control hypertension which can be achieved with beta-blockers alone or with an add-on therapy with nitroprusside if systolic BP > 120 mm Hg; calcium channel blockers can be used if beta blockers are not tolerated IV labetalol, esmolol, and propranolol are the most commonly used beta-blockers in this setting.
Initial treatment should be beta-blockers before vasodilators to avoid reflex tachycardia.
Beta-blockers lower the heart rate, reducing shearing forces with the aorta.
Aortic dissection involving the ascending aorta is a surgical emergency. The surgery involves excision of the intimal tear, obliteration of the proximal entry point into the false lumen, reconstitution of the aorta with a synthetic graft, and repair or replacement of the aortic valve.
Acute aortic dissection has a high mortality rate, 40% at time of presentation. Of the remaining 60%, 1–2% die every hour without therapy, which highlights the importance of rapid diagnosis and referral for surgical repair (or medical treatment if indicated). The surgery itself has a 7–36% risk of mortality for type A dissections.
Ascending aortic dissections have a much worse prognosis in comparison to descending thoracic aortic dissections.
There are risk factors which affect the prognosis postoperatively:
Increased preoperative evaluation time
Leakage of an aneurysm
Cardiac tamponade
Pre-existing cardiac pathology (MI, coronary artery disease)
Previous stroke
Kidney failure (acute/chronic)
High-risk individuals such as those with family history of collagen-disease or AD should be screened, especially if they develop hypertension.
The most common type of aortic dissection is…?
…Stanford Type A.
…Stanford Type B.
Which of the radiological investigations, (assuming all are available at the hospital) is the most useful for diagnosing and managing aortic dissection?
Aortogram
In aortic dissection, what is the strand of tissue known as the tissue that splits off but remains in the lumen?
Intimal tear
Intimal flap
Medial slice
Medial tear
Adventitial flap
Answers: 1A, 2D, 3B
Patel PD, Arora RR. Pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management of aortic dissection. Ther Adv Cardiovasc Dis. 2008 Dec. 2(6):439-68.
Hiratzka LF, Bakris GL, Beckman JA; et al. (April 2010). "2010 Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of patients with Thoracic Aortic Disease: a report. Circulation 121(13): e266–369.
Mitchell R.N., Halushk, M.K. (2020). Blood Vessels. In Kumar, V., Abbas, A. K., Aster, J.C., (Eds.). Robbins & Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease. (10 ed. pp. (485-525).
Black, J.H., Manning, J.W. (2019). Management of acute aortic dissection. UpToDate. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/management-of-acute-aortic-dissection?search=aortic%20dissection&source=search_result&selectedTitle=2~150&usage_type=default&display_rank=2#H2835945847 Accessed 23 June 2021.
Lecturio Medical Knowledge Essentials – Atherosclerosis
July 23, 2021 Lecturio read more
Effective Knowledge Acquisition and Retention in Medical Education: View From Malaysia
January 16, 2020 Lecturio read more


Made up of 13 states and 17 dependent territories, The Caribbean is a huge archipelago based between North and South America, spanning well over a million square miles.
It has long been a popular destination, with vibrant communities such as Havana, Santa Domingo and Kingston calling the Caribbean home. It provides a wealth of opportunity for student groups to participate in, such as learning to help preserve its incredible biodiversity, being involved in climate change projects or sampling some of the most delicious cuisine the world has to offer.
Sports trips are amongst the most popular tours to visit Caribbean islands, with cricket still internationally prominent in the West Indies. Opportunities are also abundant for other subject areas such as Geography, History, Wildlife Conservation and more - all within an idyllic setting and with a rich, colourful cultural element!


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Q: Finding heuristic and Identifying Traveling Salesman like algorithm (With some changes) I need a heuristic for the Traveling Salesman Problem with the below changes:
•   We need to visit only a subset of V (There is given a subset of V that we must visit). V=Cities.
•   We does not need to end the travel at the start vertex(city).
Is there a known name for this problem? That I'll be able to find a good heuristic to solve it?
Thanks advanced :)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Kim, Gi Hyun (2008) Shantytown formation as an anti-systemic historical process : a world-system study on Peruvian social transformation. Masters thesis, Concordia University.
Shantytown formation in Peru has widely been understood as a simple informal housing formation by the urban poor in Peru. Most studies have tried to determine the cause of shantytown formation and concluded that it is caused by extreme rural poverty and expanding inequalities between the rural and urban areas resulting in the migration of the impoverished to the cities. Yet, they did not provide more comprehensive and historical analysis in terms of how such social process begun and evolved. The purpose of this research is to offer a comprehensive interpretation by identifying a long-durée historical trajectory that led shantytown formation in Lima. By tracing back to the time when Lima was established as the capital city of Peru in 1532, this research situates this process in the longer and larger context of Peruvian social transformation beyond the twentieth century and the Peruvian society. Using the method of historical sociology, this study pays attention to crucial historical events and transformation by proposing five different time periods starting from 1532 to the present. This study found out that there are the underlying historical processes and structures of the capitalist world-system which led to the shantytown formation in Lima, and it is possible to interpret that shantytown formation is a part of a long-durée anti-systemic process against the exploitive capitalist world-system. Moreover, the shantytowns have served crucial social functions in contemporary Peru and the inhabitants have become crucial agents of social change by providing a new path for Peruvian social transformation.


text:
Q: Como saber cual es el elemento que le sigue a otro en un arreglo Tengo el siguiente ejemplo que me devuelve cual es el primer y último elemento de un arreglo usando foreach
 $array  = array("dog", "rabbit", "horse", "rat", "cat");
    foreach($array as $index => $animal) {
        if ($index === array_key_first($array))
            echo $animal; // output: dog

        if ($index === array_key_last($array))
            echo $animal; // output: cat
    }

Pero me gustaría obtener el primer elemento de un arreglo dada una condición, ejemplo tengo este arreglo
$array  = array("---", "---", "horse", "rat", "cat");

Como pudiera obtener el elemento que le sigue al último elemento "---" usando el foreach o si existe alguna función propia de php que permita esto.

A: Usa array_reduce para acarrear ya sea el último --- o el primer elemento posterior.
$x = array_reduce( ['---', '---', 'horse', 'rat', 'cat']
                 , function($c, $e){
                     if( $e === '---' )
                        return '---';
                     if( $c === '---' )
                        return $e;
                     return $c;
                   }
                 );
echo $x; // horse

Que en una línea críptica puede reducirse a:
$x = array_reduce( ['---',  'horse', 'rat', 'cat']
                 , function($c,$e){ return $e==='---'?'---':$c==='---'?$e:$c; }
                 );

A: array_search busca la primera coincidencia, si necesitamos la última invertimos la matriz, y luego restamos 1 al índice.
ˋˋˋ
$array  = array("---", "---", "horse", "rat", "cat");
$indice=array_search(2,array_reverse($array))-1;
if($indice>0)
print(array_reverse($array)[$indice]);
else
print("No existe coincidencia";
ˋˋˋ

A: Esta función recibe 3 argumentos: El array, el elemento a buscar, y un opcional si considera valores repetidos o no.
Si $uniq es true, se eliminan todos los valores repetidos con array_unique().
Se recorre cada elemento del array con un foreach. Si el elemento actual == al elemento a buscar (elseif), se cambia la bandera found a true. En la siguiente iteración (y próximo elemento), va a entrar en el if($found) retornando ese elemento a la llamada de la función.
<?php
function siguiente_elemento($array, $elem, $uniq=false) {
    if($uniq) {
        $array = array_unique($array);
    }
    $found = false;
    foreach($array as $value) {
        if($found) {
            return $value;
        } elseif($value == $elem) {
            $found = true;
        }
    }
    return false;
}

Pruebas
$array = array("---", "---", "horse", "rat", "cat");
var_dump(siguiente_elemento($array, '---')); // "---"
var_dump(siguiente_elemento($array, '---', true)); // "horse"
var_dump(siguiente_elemento($array, 'cat')); // false
var_dump(siguiente_elemento($array, 'seal')); // false

// Con un array asociativo
$array = array('a'=>"---", 'c'=>"horse", 'q'=>"rat", 'x'=>"cat");
var_dump(siguiente_elemento($array, 'horse')); // "rat"


text:
Q: Manage PHP time function I am using godaddy hosting service and I can manage local time, I have to use the server default time that is America/Phoenix.
Even if i am using date_default_timezone_set("Asia/Kolkata");
function in my config file then also there is no difference in time and godaddy people are not ready to help me with, I am tired of calling this guys but no response, I hate them all.
Is there any means I can get my local time using any function or any external API?
I am using this code
       //set time zone india
       date_default_timezone_set("Asia/Kolkata");
       $timezone = date_default_timezone_get();
       echo "The current server timezone is: " . $timezone;
       $date = date('m/d/Y h:i:s a', time());
       echo $date."<br>";

and the output that I am getting is
    The current server timezone is: Asia/Kolkata05/14/2014 12:06:26 am

Even if it is 4:38 pm here...

A: date_default_timezone_set should work for PHP functions like date, however I'm going to hazard a guess that you're having problems with date/time elements in a database such as MySQL.
I know I've had similar problems before, when trying to get everything on UTC instead of Europe/London...
When you've established the connection to your database, be sure to run this query:
SET time_zone = 'Asia/Kolkata';

This, in addition to date_default_timezone_set, should solve your problems. However, if you're using DATETIME columns, then those will not be fixed. TIMESTAMP columns will be automagically fixed to the new timezone because they are saved as UTC internally and converted upon retrieval.

A: You shouldn't touch date_default_timezone_set. The proper way to do that would be to use DateTimeZone object. Something like this:
    $now = new \DateTime('now', new \DateTimeZone('Asia/Kolkata'));
    echo $now->format(\DateTime::ATOM);

So, the idea is that you create an object in a timezone of server and then convert it to your timezone


text:
Rowing Machine Terminology
Crack the jargon with our guide
As hard as you try, you just can't avoid all the jargon. Many of the terms used for rowing machines come from conventional rowing on water - no surprise really. Some are relevant to indoor rowing while others have nothing to do with it but have stuck around so they're still used regardless.
Here's our quick guide to the terminology you're likely to come across if you own a rower.
Dead spot - the part of the stroke with a drop in resistance. The better rowing machines do not have a dead spot and you'll feel the tension on the chain through the whole stroke.
Display - the screen that shows your workout data. For example, how many meters you've rowed, the time it's taken, your strokes per minute, calories used and some will also show your pulse rate. The higher end models have software to download your performance data to your PC.
Ergometer - also ergo for short and refers to an indoor rowing machine. The name comes from the early indoor machine used by rowing clubs to measure the performance and technique of their rowers to find the best combination for the positions in a boat.
Feathering - action that turns the blade of the oar horizontal - comes after the 'Tap Down' (see below). Both terms refer to rowing on water but many club rowers will use a similar action on an indoor rower.
The flywheel creates the resistance
Flywheel - creates the resistance. It's connected to the chain and spins when you pull back on the Drive part of the stroke (see below). A braking mechanism on the flywheel gives the feeling of an oar moving through water. Can use either air, water or magnets to produce the resistance.
Folding model - many machine fold at the end of the rail to allow for storage when not in use. This requires a smaller footprint by placing the rail in the vertical position. If choosing a folding rower check it comes with transport wheels (see below)
Footplates - not surprisingly it's where you strap in your feet. If your feet are not secured in place you cannot complete the recovery part of the stroke.
Handle - also called the bar, is attached to the chain and replicates the handles of an oar. A good handle should be padded and slightly oval (cross-section) to allow for a good grip. A poorly designed handle can cause blistering on the palm.
Heart Rate Monitor - can be either a wrist or chest strap, or ear clip to feed your pulse rate to the rowing machine's computer. Note, a chest strap will provide the most accurate reading. This can be used by some rowing machines to tailor your workout to maximize the benefits - see below.
Heart Rate Programs - use the readout from a heart rate monitor to change the resistance or set target stroke rates to get you into the fat-burning or maximum heart training zones. A big plus in our view and worth paying extra for. See more about this type of training here.
Rail - the central beam for the seat to roll up and down. This should be sturdy and well supported to prevent the machine moving during a workout. Most rails are made from extruded metal.
Resistance mechanism - how the rowing machine creates the resistance. These are hydraulic, air, magnetic or water - see more on these types here. Also see myblog item on air v magnetic.
Seat - pretty obvious and should be sufficiently padded for comfort - especially if you'll be rowing for 20 minutes or more.
Seat Rollers - the bearings or wheels that allow the seat to slide up and down on the rail.
Stroke - one full rowing action comprising of four phases:-
Catch - set-up for the next phase
Drive - generates the power
Finish - also called the Release is the end of the stroke
Recovery - slide back to the catch position
( You can see the full action with my animation here. )
Tabata Workouts - named after the founder, Izumu Tabata, these workouts (also call Wattage workouts) are based on a target number of watts you can produce based on your body weight. For an example and more information please click here.
Tap Down - the action of using the outside of the palm to push down on the oar to take it out of the water. Relates to rowing on open water - also see 'Feathering' above.
Time Trials - Type of workout where you record your time to row a pre-determined distance (usually 2,000 meters), or record your distance rowed within a target time, for example, 2 minutes. The results can be used to judge your progress over time. See here for further details.
Transport Wheels - rollers embedded into the feet of a rowing machine that makes it easy to move around and prevents damage to your floor.
Wattage/ Watts - you may see this on your display. This is the amount of energy you're producing with each stroke. The higher the number, the harder you're working. Also see Tabata workouts above.
You can find more definitions, plus the whole history and development of indoor rowing at Wikipedia/rowing
You are here: Home | Buying a Rowing Machine | Terminology


Randy and Crystal Gularte in Napa.
When veteran local real estate man Randy Gularte says "the only thing my family knows is real estate," you had better believe that's true.
In fact, you probably can't drive two blocks in the city of Napa without passing a property the Gularte family has sold, owned or helped someone purchase.
"My dad, Lloyd, and my mom, Lovina, got into the real estate business here in 1947," Gularte recalled. "Dad was a partner with Harry Stover, and then he started Homefinders with Art Bowen. Dad then went into business with Al Giavanoni, and the two of them formed Gularte/ Giavanoni Real Estate.
Loyd later started his own company called Gularte Real Estate. In the late 1950s, he started Crown Realty and, later became affiliated with Gallery of Homes.
"One of the first things my daddid was sell subdivisions," he said, "And, in fact, my sister still has his first little 'sales house' in the backyard of his old house that she owns today.
"Now, it's a pool house," he said, chuckling.
As the business grew, the Gulartes found themselves looking to upgrade their offices. Originally, the office was down on Clay Street, then later Gularte bought a place up at 1155 Trancas St.
He was correct about that.
Today, Gularte's office is located on a piece of property his parents purchased in 1978, at 780 Trancas Street.
The Gularte business has changed with the times and has been through several versions and names, allied with various companies and brands.
Randy was president of Heritage Sotheby's International Realty till May 31, 2018 when he sold his business to Golden Gate Sotheby's International Realty.
As a young man, Gularte had not yet acquired the passion for real estate he would carry for the rest of his life.
He got his real estate license while still a sophomore, and after graduation was accepted at Sacramento State for his junior year.
"They had a good real estate program there and I started studying business, knowing that my whole things was real estate, real estate, real estate," he recalled.
"Then right out of college with my B.S. degree and minor in real estate, I immediately went for my broker's license and started full time with my dad in 1976. My whole career has been in Napa ever since," Gularte said.
In 1985, he and his wife bought the company from his parents.
And he's brought a new generation into the business as well.
"She has the same drive that I have, she has the same desire to get things done and do them right," Gularte said.
Even though many in the real estate business work 24/7 and their hours are never their own, Gularte realized 25 years ago that working 24/7 was not a good thing. So he made a deal with hisfamily that he would be home for dinner at 5:30 or 6o'clock and then if hehad to go back out, he would.
"As time whent on I was able to explain to my clients that there is a balance of life, and when you have a balance everything is better in life. I tell my clients now that I work from 8 to 6:30, and I don't work weekends. If you explain to your clients right up front this is how you work, most clients will understand and accept it," Gularte said.
A lifetime in the business has given Gularte a lot of status in the local real estate world. "I'm kind of the go-to guy in town for people developing subdivisions, and I have probably done 60-70 projects like that over the years," he said.
It wouldn't be wise to bet against him.


text:
Q: EXE made with PyInstaller can't load libvlc.dll (python-vlc) I'm trying to package a python script which uses python-vlc using pyinstaller, but the resulting .exe refuses to recognize the libvlc.dll binary file. I always get the same error:
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "ctypes\__init__.py", line 381, in __init__
OSError: [WinError 193] %1 is not a valid Win32 application

The above exception was the direct cause of the following exception:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "vlc-test.py", line 3, in <module>
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 991, in _find_and_load
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 975, in _find_and_load_unlocked
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 671, in _load_unlocked
  File "PyInstaller\loader\pyimod03_importers.py", line 495, in exec_module
  File "vlc.py", line 210, in <module>
  File "vlc.py", line 170, in find_lib
  File "PyInstaller\loader\pyimod04_ctypes.py", line 55, in __init__
pyimod04_ctypes.PyInstallerImportError: Failed to load dynlib/dll '.\\libvlc.dll'. Most likely this dynlib/dll was not found when the application was frozen.
[2236] Failed to execute script 'vlc-test' due to unhandled exception!

Which seems to be a problem others have fixed by including either binary or data files in the spec file. Nothing I add to the spec file makes any difference, though. Here's where it is now, I've even included Windows system dlls that the VLC one depends on:
# -*- mode: python ; coding: utf-8 -*-

block_cipher = None

a = Analysis(['vlc-test.py'],
             pathex=["D:\\GitHub\\hours", "C:\\Users\\zacha\\anaconda3\\envs\\hours\\Lib\\site-packages"],
             binaries=[("C:\\Program Files (x86)\\VideoLAN\\VLC\\libvlc.dll","."),
                ("C:\\Program Files (x86)\\VideoLAN\\VLC\\libvlccore.dll","."),
                ("C:\\Program Files (x86)\\VideoLAN\\VLC\\axvlc.dll","."),
                ("C:\\Program Files (x86)\\VideoLAN\\VLC\\npvlc.dll","."),
                ("C:\\Windows\\SysWOW64\\advapi32.dll","."),
                ("C:\\Windows\\SysWOW64\\kernel32.dll","."),
                ("C:\\Windows\\SysWOW64\\MSVCRT.dll","."),
                ],
             datas=[('./libvlc.dll', '.'), ('./axvlc.dll', '.'), ('./libvlccore.dll', '.'), ('./npvlc.dll', '.')],
             hiddenimports=[],
             hookspath=[],
             hooksconfig={},
             runtime_hooks=[],
             excludes=[],
             win_no_prefer_redirects=False,
             win_private_assemblies=False,
             cipher=block_cipher,
             noarchive=False)

a.datas += Tree("C:\\Program Files (x86)\\VideoLAN\\VLC\\plugins", prefix='plugins')
pyz = PYZ(a.pure, a.zipped_data,
             cipher=block_cipher)

exe = EXE(pyz,
          a.scripts,
          [],
          exclude_binaries=True,
          name='vlc-test',
          debug=False,
          bootloader_ignore_signals=False,
          strip=False,
          upx=True,
          console=True,
          disable_windowed_traceback=False,
          target_arch=None,
          codesign_identity=None,
          entitlements_file=None )
coll = COLLECT(exe,
               a.binaries,
               a.zipfiles,
               a.datas,
               strip=False,
               upx=True,
               upx_exclude=[],
               name='vlc-test')

All the files listed under binaries do indeed appear in the dist folder, so I don't think it's a formatting issue. I'm using 32-bit versions of both Python and VLC. Is there anything else I can try before giving up?
Windows 11, Python 3.8.8, pyinstaller 4.9


text:
Q: Binding in doesn't seem to work inside a custom DataTemplate (Expander) Overview
I'm trying to create a custom expander which contains a visual tree where the user can select or deselect nodes. But the tree is not important for now. Important is the header which I had to overwrite so I can show all the information the user needs.

Issue
Somehow the Binding of the textboxes inside the DataTemplate doesn't work at all. No matter what I enter into the fields are always empty and the setter of the DependencyProperty doesn't get called.
Code
<UserControl x:Class="WPF_Test_project.CheckableTree"
             xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
             xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
             >
    <Grid>
        <Grid.Resources>
            <ResourceDictionary>
                <ControlTemplate x:Key="ExpanderToggleButton" TargetType="ToggleButton">
                    <Path Name="Chevron"
                          HorizontalAlignment="Center"
                          VerticalAlignment="Center"
                          Data="M 0 0 L 10 10 L 20 0 Z"
                          Fill="{Binding RelativeSource={RelativeSource TemplatedParent}, Path=Foreground}"
                          />

                    <!-- Change appearance when is expanded -->
                    <ControlTemplate.Triggers>
                        <Trigger Property="IsChecked" Value="true">
                            <Setter TargetName="Chevron" Property="Data" Value="M 0 10 L 10 0 L 20 10 Z" />
                        </Trigger>
                    </ControlTemplate.Triggers>
                </ControlTemplate>

                <Style x:Key="MainViewExpander" TargetType="Expander">
                    <Setter Property="Foreground" Value="Black" />
                    <Setter Property="Template">
                        <Setter.Value>
                            <ControlTemplate TargetType="Expander">
                                <Grid>
                                    <Grid.RowDefinitions>
                                        <RowDefinition Height="Auto" />
                                        <RowDefinition Name="ContentRow" Height="0" />
                                    </Grid.RowDefinitions>
                                    <Border Name="HeaderBorder"
                                            Grid.Row="0"
                                            BorderThickness="0"
                                            Background="#FFE1E1E1"
                                            >
                                        <Grid>
                                            <Grid.ColumnDefinitions>
                                                <ColumnDefinition Width="*" />
                                                <ColumnDefinition Width="Auto" />
                                                <ColumnDefinition Width="20" />
                                            </Grid.ColumnDefinitions>

                                            <ContentPresenter
                                                Grid.Column="0"
                                                Margin="0"
                                                ContentSource="Header"
                                                RecognizesAccessKey="True"
                                                />

                                            <ToggleButton
                                                Grid.Column="2"
                                                Margin="4 4 8 4"
                                                IsChecked="{Binding Path=IsExpanded, Mode=TwoWay, RelativeSource={RelativeSource TemplatedParent}}"
                                                OverridesDefaultStyle="True"
                                                Template="{StaticResource ExpanderToggleButton}"
                                                Background="Black"
                                                />

                                        </Grid>
                                    </Border>

                                    <Border Name="ContentBorder" Grid.Row="1" BorderThickness="0">
                                        <ContentPresenter Margin="0" />
                                    </Border>
                                </Grid>
                                <ControlTemplate.Triggers>
                                    <Trigger Property="IsExpanded" Value="True">
                                        <Setter TargetName="ContentRow" Property="Height" Value="{Binding ElementName=Content, Path=DesiredHeight}" />
                                    </Trigger>
                                </ControlTemplate.Triggers>
                            </ControlTemplate>
                        </Setter.Value>
                    </Setter>

                    <Setter Property="HeaderTemplate">
                        <Setter.Value>
                            <DataTemplate>
                                <Grid>
                                    <Grid.ColumnDefinitions>
                                        <ColumnDefinition Width="Auto" />
                                        <ColumnDefinition Width="*" />
                                        <ColumnDefinition Width="Auto" />
                                        <ColumnDefinition Width="Auto" />
                                        <ColumnDefinition Width="Auto" />
                                    </Grid.ColumnDefinitions>

                                    <CheckBox Grid.Column="0"
                                              Margin="4"
                                              />

                                    <TextBlock Grid.Column="1"
                                               Margin="2"
                                               Text="{Binding ElementName=CT, Path=Header, FallbackValue=Header}"
                                               Foreground="Black"
                                               FontWeight="Bold"
                                               FontSize="14"
                                               />

                                    <TextBlock Grid.Column="2"
                                               Margin="2"
                                               Text="{Binding ElementName=CT, Path=NrOfFeaturesSelected, FallbackValue=5}"
                                               Foreground="Black"
                                               FontWeight="Bold"
                                               FontSize="14"
                                               HorizontalAlignment="Right"
                                               />

                                    <TextBlock Grid.Column="3"
                                               Margin="2"
                                               Text="/"
                                               Foreground="Black"
                                               FontWeight="Bold"
                                               FontSize="14"
                                               HorizontalAlignment="Right"
                                               />

                                    <TextBlock Grid.Column="4"
                                               Margin="2"
                                               Text="{Binding ElementName=CT, Path=NrOfFeaturesAvailable, FallbackValue=5}"
                                               Foreground="Black"
                                               FontWeight="Bold"
                                               FontSize="14"
                                               HorizontalAlignment="Right"
                                               />

                                </Grid>
                            </DataTemplate>
                        </Setter.Value>
                    </Setter>
                </Style>

                <Style x:Key="TreeViewItemStyle" TargetType="TreeViewItem">
                    <Setter Property="IsExpanded" Value="{Binding IsExpanded}" />
                    <Setter Property="HorizontalContentAlignment" Value="Stretch" />
                </Style>

            </ResourceDictionary>
        </Grid.Resources>

        <Expander IsExpanded="True" Style="{StaticResource MainViewExpander}">
            <TreeView ItemsSource="{Binding ElementName=CT, Path=Items}"
                      BorderThickness="0"
                      ItemContainerStyle="{StaticResource TreeViewItemStyle}"
                      Padding="4"
                      >
                <TreeView.Resources>
                    <HierarchicalDataTemplate
                        x:Key="CheckableTreeItemTemplate"
                        ItemsSource="{Binding ElementName=CT, Path=Items}"
                        >

                        <Grid HorizontalAlignment="Stretch">
                            <Grid.ColumnDefinitions>
                                <ColumnDefinition Width="Auto" />
                                <ColumnDefinition Width="Auto" />
                                <ColumnDefinition Width="*" />
                                <ColumnDefinition Width="Auto" />
                            </Grid.ColumnDefinitions>

                            <CheckBox Grid.Column="0"
                                      IsChecked="{Binding IsChecked}"
                                      VerticalAlignment="Center"
                                      Visibility="{Binding IsCheckable, Converter={StaticResource BooleanToVisibilityConverter}}"
                            />

                            <Label Grid.Column="1"
                                   Content="{Binding Title}"
                                   HorizontalAlignment="Left"
                                   VerticalAlignment="Center"
                            />

                            <Label Grid.Column="3"
                                   Content="{Binding TagCountDisplayValue}"
                                   HorizontalAlignment="Right"
                                   VerticalAlignment="Center"
                                   Visibility="{Binding ShowTagCountDisplayValue, Converter={StaticResource BooleanToVisibilityConverter}}"
                            />

                        </Grid>
                    </HierarchicalDataTemplate>
                </TreeView.Resources>
            </TreeView>
        </Expander>
    </Grid>
</UserControl>

Class
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Windows;
using System.Windows.Controls;

namespace WPF_Test_project
{
    /// <summary>
    /// Interaction logic for CheckableTree.xaml
    /// </summary>
    public partial class CheckableTree : UserControl
    {
        public CheckableTree()
        {
            InitializeComponent();
        }

        public int NrOfFeaturesSelected
        {
            get { return (int)GetValue(NrOfFeaturesSelectedProperty); }
            set { SetValue(NrOfFeaturesSelectedProperty, value); }
        }

        public static readonly DependencyProperty NrOfFeaturesSelectedProperty =
            DependencyProperty.Register("NrOfFeaturesSelected", typeof(Int32), typeof(CheckableTree), new UIPropertyMetadata(null));

        public int NrOfFeaturesAvailable
        {
            get { return (int)GetValue(NrOfFeaturesSelectedProperty); }
            set { SetValue(NrOfFeaturesSelectedProperty, value); }
        }

        public static readonly DependencyProperty NrOfFeaturesAvailableProperty =
            DependencyProperty.Register("NrOfFeaturesAvailable", typeof(Int32), typeof(CheckableTree), new UIPropertyMetadata(null));

        public IEnumerable<object> Items
        {
            get { return (IEnumerable<object>)GetValue(ItemsProperty); }
            set { SetValue(NrOfFeaturesSelectedProperty, value); }
        }

        public static readonly DependencyProperty ItemsProperty =
            DependencyProperty.Register("Items", typeof(IEnumerable<object>), typeof(CheckableTree), new UIPropertyMetadata(null));

        public string Header
        {
            get { return (string)GetValue(HeaderProperty); }
            set { SetValue(HeaderProperty, value); }
        }

        public static readonly DependencyProperty HeaderProperty =
            DependencyProperty.Register("Header", typeof(string), typeof(CheckableTree), new UIPropertyMetadata(null));

    }
}

Usage
        <local:CheckableTree Header="Test" NrOfFeaturesSelected="9">

        </local:CheckableTree>

But I always get the Fallback Values. Does anybody know why this happens? Do I have to link the DataTemplate to the Control Class or something?
Solution (Thanks to mm8)
For every binding in the DataTemplate refer to the parent UserControl
<Textbox
...
Text={Binding Path=XY, RelativeSource={RelativeSource AncestorType=UserControl}, FallbackValue=...}"
... />

A: Try to bind to the Header property of the parent UserControl using a {RelativeSource}:
<TextBlock Grid.Column="1"
            Margin="2"
            Text="{Binding Path=Header, RelativeSource={RelativeSource AncestorType=UserControl}, FallbackValue=Header}"
            Foreground="Black"
            FontWeight="Bold"
            FontSize="14"
            />


A sealed tubular glass envelope protects the magnet contact (reed contact) against dust and water.
The reed contact is actuated by means of a permanent magnet.
For installation in steel profiles (magnetic material) only block reed contacts can be used.
To be integrated into the signalling system of the Smart Panels by the KNX system via binary inputs / push-button interfaces.


OSRL's Offline course is put in place to train new staff, like myself, in the world of oil spill response. This extensive 11-week course covers health & safety, spill management, offshore, shoreline, inland and surveillance monitoring when responding to an oil spill to name but a few. We learn both theory in the classroom and applying it then practically in the set environment.
This is my five-day diary from our final week, giving us the ability to demonstrate what we have learnt over the past 10 weeks in a practical exercise. Although we had no idea what was in store for us everyone was excited and ready to get started.
It was an early start with the mobilisation call coming in around 4:50am. Within an hour everyone had arrived. We were briefed on the spill information and immediately started listing down what was needed and next actions. From our recent training putting together things like assay sheets, marine charts and other oil spill concepts was almost second nature.
After presenting our strategy to the ops team, we took the feedback on-board and started loading the kit ready for a big week on the Isle of Wight, off the south coast of the UK.
We were split into two groups. One group conducted offshore operations and the other was on the shoreline. The shoreline group did a Shoreline Clean-up Assessment Technique survey to get an overview of the geology, extent of oiling at the impact site and to make initial recommendations on a response strategy.
The offshore team set up the Ro-boom to collect oil and utilised the termite skimmer as a recovery device. AFEDO nozzles were also operated to demonstrate a fictional dispersant operation.
We were given the 204 IMS briefing document. The command tent was set up as the centre for our shoreline operations and our hot, warm and cold zones were designated. Two cascade booms were set to collect oil and a Komara 7k skimmer was used to recover oil.
Names were then put into a hat and randomly taken out to nominate shifts for a long night of boom watch.
We were given the task to set up a horseshoe boom formation to contain oil remobilised by a low pressure high volume flushing operation. A minivac system was then used to recover the collected oil which went through a stage pumping system between two fastanks. In addition, we set up a damming site with the shore guardian boom to mitigate oil flowing down a beach stream.
After a big week of operations and carting around boom bags everyone was glad to get on the early ferry and get back to the Southampton base. Once we arrived on base, we got changed one last time for the week to unload the kit ready for rehabilitation next week.


As tools and data profiles of students become easier to use, are teachers sufficiently data literate to make sense of the information at their fingertips? Do teachers have the skills and access to data in useful formats, and are the school leaders and institutions responsible for their professional development providing them the training they need? The stakes are high: Teachers behind in data literacy may miss out on innovative ways to track student progress, personalize instruction, and improve their own practice. In some cases, such teachers may even risk compromising student privacy.


Jamie Stantonian is a Lead UX Architect, writer and artist whose work explores the evolutionary origins of information technologies and their effects on human behaviour.
More about my work as an information and user experience architect, and speculative designs of future technology.
I write about evolution, mass media, psychology, history, anthropology, and their relationships to one another.
This explores similar themes as my writing from a visual perspective.


Kennedy Cherrington has been selected to represent Australia at the Commonwealth Youth Games in Bahamas this July.
Western Australian Kennedy Cherrington's dream of signing a contract with the Australian Women's Rugby 7s team has come further into focus this month, upon her selection into the 2017 Commonwealth Youth Games team.
However, the 18-year-old's path hasn't always been so clear.
In February 2015 at an U18 State Championships Cherrington suffered a career threatening injury, rupturing her ACL and causing considerable damage to the bones and tendons surrounding it.
The teenager was forced to consider giving up representative Rugby, until her family and friends rallied behind her.
"It was a long road of rehabilitation and recovery over the following 12 months… I tried to stay positive," she said.
"Mum supported me through the whole journey, keeping me positive, not letting me give up, driving me to appointments and training's.
Cherrington's encounter with serious injury helped form a 'never give up' attitude and appreciation for where she is at now, a mindset she says she'll take into competition at the Games in July.
"I feel extremely proud and honoured to have this opportunity to represent my country," she said.
"Pulling on the green and gold jersey for the first time is going to be such a surreal moment and I can't wait.


From today, an endless high-octane battle of miniature proportions is about to begin. Twiddly Studio throws open the doors to the ultimate test of nerve, reactions and stamina and invites racers from around the globe join together to compete in a racing tournament like no other – Tiny Ring.
Simple one-touch controls conceal the complexities of keeping an out of control race car on track. With no brakes and only one steering direction – racers must expertly judge each on coming bend at a gradually increasing speed, or risk crashing out.
The cost of admission is free. The potential glory, unlimited.
The world holds it's breath as racers lap themselves, lap their friends, in fact lap everyone to see who will be the King of the Tiny Ring?


According to author Malcolm Harris, author of Kids These Days: Human Capital and the Making of Millennials, Millennials (those born between 1980-2000), are bearing the brunt of the economic damage brought by the late-twentieth-century capitalism. He states, "If Millennials are different, it's not because we're more or less evolved than our parents or grandparents, it's because they've changed the world in ways that have produced people like us." He argues that this is also a reason why millennials are so burned out. On today's episode, we want to explore the question: are millennials a product of a Capitalistic environment or are they its biggest benefactor?
According to a 2015 article titled Happiness and Productivity: Understanding the Happy-Productive Worker, happier employees exerted higher levels of effort and more productivity than those who were not. This represents just one of many studies regarding employee morale, which shows that employee happiness, while not considered in many office environments, has a positive impact on output, job satisfaction retention, and cohesion amongst employees. On this episode, we discuss approaches to increase employee morale and how to maintain it, regardless of where you are on the organizational chart!


To kick off the new year in Pasadena, the annual Tournament of Roses Parade was held and the city's fire and police departments both released statistics on the numbers of people injured and the numbers of people arrested. As a recap, fifty-six people were treated by paramedics in Pasadena (mostly for things like sprained ankles and dehydration) and fourty-one people were arrested during the Parade (mostly for things like public intoxication).
Pasadena Police are looking for a missing man who went missing while at a local doctor appointment- Police say that George Clay is described as a 48 year old African American, about 6′4″ and 300 pounds. Clay has a mental disability and if you see him, Pasadena Police want to hear from you.
TV home improvement star Huell Howser visited Old Town as well as Paseo Colorado to show how local redevelopment efforts helped to re-energize the central Pasadena area with historic preservation, reinvestment, housing and sustainable development. Howser's special will air on public broadcasting channel KCET on Tuesday the 12th at 7PM.
A new contributor has arrived to share stories with CrownCityNews.com: local Attorney Peter Stavropoulos, who also contributes to local blog Rose City Business, is here to share valuable information for businesses on law. His latest article on the CCN site features useful information for small businesses on when to take a case to small claims court.
That's just a quick outline of what happened this week in Pasadena- Larry and Sehnita will be back on Monday night with even more of the latest news, but until then, have a great weekend and thank you for visiting the new CrownCityNews.com!


text:
Hannah Marx
Hannah E. Marx
University of New Mexico Museum of Southwestern Biology, Albuquerque, NM, US
Personnes Aidées
100 spécimens utilisés dans 42 publications
Science Rendue Possible
Vasconcelos, T., Boyko, J. D., & Beaulieu, J. M. (2021). Linking mode of seed dispersal and climatic niche evolution in flowering plants. Journal of Biogeography. doi:10.1111/jbi.14292 https://doi.org/10.1111/jbi.14292
Aim: Due to the sessile nature of flowering plants, movements to new geographical areas occur mainly during seed dispersal. Frugivores tend to be efficient dispersers because animals move within the boundaries of their preferable niches, so seeds are more likely to be transported to environments tha…
1 spécimens
Alban, D. M., Biersma, E. M., Kadereit, J. W., & Dillenberger, M. S. (2021). Colonization of the Southern Hemisphere by Sagina and Colobanthus (Caryophyllaceae). Plant Systematics and Evolution, 308(1). doi:10.1007/s00606-021-01793-w https://doi.org/10.1007/s00606-021-01793-w
Colobanthus (23 species) and Sagina (30–33 species) together are sister to Facchinia. Whereas Facchinia is distributed in western Eurasia, Colobanthus is almost exclusively distributed in the Southern Hemisphere, and Sagina is distributed in both hemispheres with the highest species diversity in wes…
Kolanowska, M. (2021). The future of a montane orchid species and the impact of climate change on the distribution of its pollinators and magnet species. Global Ecology and Conservation, 32, e01939. doi:10.1016/j.gecco.2021.e01939 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gecco.2021.e01939
The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of global warming on suitable niches of montane orchid, Traunsteinera globosa, using ecological niche modelling approach. Additionally, the effect of various climate change scenarios on future changes in the distribution and overlap of the orchid magn…
Xue, T., Gadagkar, S. R., Albright, T. P., Yang, X., Li, J., Xia, C., … Yu, S. (2021). Prioritizing conservation of biodiversity in an alpine region: Distribution pattern and conservation status of seed plants in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. Global Ecology and Conservation, 32, e01885. doi:10.1016/j.gecco.2021.e01885 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gecco.2021.e01885
The Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP) harbors abundant and diverse plant life owing to its high habitat heterogeneity. However, the distribution pattern of biodiversity hotspots and their conservation status remain unclear. Based on 148,283 high-resolution occurrence coordinates of 13,450 seed plants, w…
19 spécimens
López‐Delgado, J., & Meirmans, P. G. (2021). History or demography? Determining the drivers of genetic variation in North American plants. Molecular Ecology. doi:10.1111/mec.16230 https://doi.org/10.1111/mec.16230
Understanding the impact of historical and demographic processes on genetic variation is essential for devising conservation strategies and predicting responses to climate change. Recolonization after Pleistocene glaciations is expected to leave distinct genetic signatures, characterised by lower ge…
Ma, C.-S., Zhang, W., Peng, Y., Zhao, F., Chang, X.-Q., Xing, K., … Rudolf, V. H. W. (2021). Climate warming promotes pesticide resistance through expanding overwintering range of a global pest. Nature Communications, 12(1). doi:10.1038/s41467-021-25505-7 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-25505-7
Climate change has the potential to change the distribution of pests globally and their resistance to pesticides, thereby threatening global food security in the 21st century. However, predicting where these changes occur and how they will influence current pest control efforts is a challenge. Using…
Chauhan, H. K., Oli, S., Bisht, A. K., Meredith, C., & Leaman, D. (2021). Review of the biology, uses and conservation of the critically endangered endemic Himalayan species Nardostachys jatamansi (Caprifoliaceae). Biodiversity and Conservation. doi:10.1007/s10531-021-02269-6 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-021-02269-6
The commercial demand for Nardostachys jatamansi in the global market has raised concern about its long-term sustainability. The genus Nardostachys is represented by the single species (Nardostachys jatamansi) endemic to the Himalayas. This study reviews biology, uses, threats, knowledge gaps, and c…
Mairal, M., Chown, S. L., Shaw, J., Chala, D., Chau, J. H., Hui, C., … Le Roux, J. J. (2021). Human activity strongly influences genetic dynamics of the most widespread invasive plant in the sub‐Antarctic. Molecular Ecology. doi:10.1111/mec.16045 https://doi.org/10.1111/mec.16045
The link between the successful establishment of alien species and propagule pressure is well-documented. Less known is how humans influence the post-introduction dynamics of invasive alien populations. The latter requires studying parallel invasions by the same species in habitats that are differen…
Stone, B. W., & Wolfe, A. D. (2021). Phylogeographic analysis of shrubby beardtongues reveals range expansions during the Last Glacial Maximum and implicates the Klamath Mountains as a hotspot for hybridization. Molecular Ecology. doi:10.1111/mec.15992 https://doi.org/10.1111/mec.15992
Quaternary glacial cycles often altered species' geographic distributions, which in turn altered the geographic structure of species' genetic diversity. In many cases, glacial expansion forced species in temperate climates to contract their ranges and reside in small pockets of suitable habitat (ref…
Kriticos, D. J., Ireland, K. B., Morin, L., Kumaran, N., Rafter, M. A., Ota, N., & Raghu, S. (2021). Integrating ecoclimatic niche modelling methods into classical biological control programmes. Biological Control, 160, 104667. doi:10.1016/j.biocontrol.2021.104667 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocontrol.2021.104667
Much of the success of a classical biological control programme hinges on identifying effective candidate agents, and once approved for release deploying them in the range invaded by the target organism at site-specific times of the year when they have the best chance of establishing. While suitable…


Running manufacturing automation systems at high temperatures will have a major negative impact on the system's performance and reduce its service life. By not keeping their drives at or close to their optimum operating temperature, manufacturers risk huge consequential costs when the production line grinds to a halt as a result of system failure.
A typical electrical component's life expectancy is approximately halved for every 10 °C increase in its ambient temperature. Controlling the temperature within enclosures is therefore critical for manufacturers to avoid premature component failure and the interruption to production if the automation system falls over.
A Rittal RiAssure3 survey will identify the likely risk of a system overheating which could lead to equipment tripping or failing. The survey will review any existing cooling solution and determine how suited it is to that particular working environment. It will then provide recommendations around remedial action – for example, changes to the system's service and maintenance regime to help improve its efficacy or the need to invest in different climate control technology.
As summer approaches, ambient temperatures will rise which could push operating temperatures beyond the limit of the existing equipment, so tackling the issue now could be a timely call.
Demand based cooling and monitoring… from a fan-and-filter unit!
Rittal has launched a new EC Speed Control, compatible with larger models from the TopTherm EC fan-and-filter unit range (uninstalled air throughputs between 180 m³/h and 900 m³/h).
Fan-and-filter units with electronically commutated (EC) motors for electrical enclosure cooling are already recognized for their lower energy consumption and extended service life. Furthermore, infinite speed control as well as a monitoring signal are much simpler to incorporate in an EC motor than on the AC motor equivalent.
Rittal's new EC Speed Control supports these benefits, and adds a number of others. It can be used to reduce noise output of EC fan-and-filter units, as well as lower energy consumption still further through the ability to control the speed of up to four units. Cooling demand – and hence the required fan speed – is determined by comparing the sensed temperature inside the enclosure with the set-point temperature on the device, from +5 °C to +55 °C.
greater temperature stability inside the enclosure, and performance monitoring, alerting users to any problems with their cooling system.
It transforms the fan-and-filter unit into a smart solution perfectly suited to the modern technical era.


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Rediff.com » News » Shopian case: CBI told to keep mum about probe
Shopian case: CBI told to keep mum about probe
September 30, 2009 23:58 IST
The Jammu and Kashmir High Court on Wednesday directed the Central Bureau of Investigation not to share information about the ongoing Shopian investigations with the media and ordered it to file the status report about the case to court only.
Hearing the Public Interest Litigation to which the Kashmir bar association is a party, the division bench comprising Chief Justice Barin Ghosh and Justice Mohammad Yaqoob Mir ordered that 'the CBI should not divulge information pertaining to the investigation into the Shopian rape and murder case to the press'.
The court directed the investigating agency to submit status reports about the progress of investigation to the court alone.
Wednesday's direction came on a day when the media quoting sources had said that the exhumation and subsequent forensic examination had revealed that one of the victims, Asiya Jan, 17, had not been raped.
In a significant development, the Kashmir bar association on Wednesday moved an application before the division bench dissociating itself from the PIL henceforth saying that 'the CBI had selectively leaked disinformation about the case in order to mess it up.'
The division bench, however, said the court would continue to monitor the investigations into case till the mystery was solved.
Related News: CBI, Public Interest Litigation, Kashmir High Court, Mohammad Yaqoob Mir, Asiya Jan
Geelani released as HC quashes detention order
Bodies of the Shopian murder victims exhumed


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