text:
Perception of Cosmetic Procedures among Middle Eastern Youth
J Clin Aesthet Dermatol. 2021;14(12):E74–E83.
by Leena Amiri, MD; Hassan Galadari, MD; Fadwa Al Mugaddam, MPH; Abdul Kader Souid, MD; Emmanuel Stip, MD, MSc, FRCP; and Syed Fahad Javaid, MBBS, MSc, MRCPsych
Dr. Amiri, Ms. Mugaddam, Dr. Stip, and Mr. Javaid are with the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences at the College of Medicine and Health Sciences at United Arab Emirates University in Al Ain, United Arab Emirates. Dr. Galadari is with the Department of Internal Medicine at the College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates. Dr. Souid is with the Department of Pediatrics at the College of Medicine and Health Sciences at United Arab Emirates University in Al Ain, United Arab Emirates. Dr. Stip is also with the Department of Psychiatry at the University of Montréal in Montréal, Canada.
FUNDING: No funding was provided for this article.
DISCLOSURES: The authors report no conflicts of interest relevant to the content of this article.
ABSTRACT: Background. In the past decade, there has been an increase in the number of cosmetic procedures performed globally. About one-third of individuals who undergo cosmetic procedures are under the age of 35. The United Arab Emirates (UAE) has become a regional hub for cosmetic procedures. This cross-sectional study examines the perception of cosmetic procedures among youth in the UAE. Methods. A 63-question survey was electronically disseminated to university students to identify factors associated with the use of cosmetic procedures in this population. Results. Ninety-one percent of the 178 participants were female, and 58 percent of them were aged 19 to 21. The majority of the participants felt cosmetic procedures are gaining acceptance in UAE society. Nearly 70 percent of participants felt that a legal and regulatory framework was important to determine the permissible age for undergoing cosmetic surgeries. Limitations. One limitation of the study lies in a modest response rate of 35.6 percent. There was a small number of male responders, and the assessment of differences between sex was not easy to conduct. Conclusion. Cosmetic procedures are increasingly being accepted among youth in the Middle East, with skin and nasal procedures being the most popular. The youth's concept of ideal body shape is in alignment with the Western ideas of beauty. Future research could characterize these perceptions in other cultures and explore differences in what is perceived to be beautiful in various parts of the world.
Keywords: Body image, cosmetic procedures, plastic surgery, youth, United Arab Emirates, Middle East
Beauty is difficult to define. It is an enigma that fascinated the ancient Greeks, influencing their mythology.1 Beauty is not just a visual experience; rather, it entails the qualities that give pleasure, meaning, or satisfaction to the senses.2 Traditionally, it has been accepted that the canons of beauty vary from one civilization to another. In the West, a woman considered "socially beautiful" is "very thin and often slightly tanned, her nose is small and her forehead large."3 This contrasts with the concept of beauty held by the hunter-gatherers from the Hadza tribe of Tanzania, living apart from civilization, who preferred curvy body shapes.4 The search for beauty does not have to be guided by the quest for objective perfection. In today's world, beauty has become a tool to improve the quality of life in general, a means of surpassing the physical and relational problems of an individual.5 It is sought after by both sexes and is not limited to a specific age group.
Cosmetic procedures contend with the preservation, rejuvenation, or enhancement of the physical appearance through surgical and/or therapeutic interventions. In the past decade alone, there has been a surge in the number of cosmetic procedures performed globally.6
There is paucity of research exploring cosmetic procedures in the Middle East. A study from 2017 identified laser hair removal, botulinum toxin injection, liposuction, filler, and scar revision as common procedures among women, while rhinoplasty was the most common procedure among men.7
The United Arab Emirates' (UAE) population is made up of a heterogeneous group of different nationalities. According to one estimate, UAE ranks third in the Middle Eastern region in terms of customers undergoing cosmetic procedures, after Saudi Arabia and Egypt.8 Dubai has been called the Middle East's "plastic surgery hub," with a reported 236 licensed plastic surgeons, 386 licensed dermatologists, and 277 facilities in 2018.8
The demand for cosmetic procedures in the UAE has been on the rise, with cosmetic surgery among top five procedures of health tourism.9,10 The aesthetics industry is one of the most important contributors of medical tourism in the UAE. This can be attributed to a significant increase in the number of regional patients as well as a surge in internationally trained industry professionals based in the region. The number of plastic surgeons per capita in Dubai is among the highest in the world.11
In the United States of America, home of the largest cosmetic industry in the world, the American Society for Aesthetic Plastic Surgery (ASAPS) has recorded over eight million cosmetic procedures performed in 2003, representing a three-fold increase in just five years; this steep increase has continued further in the last decade.12 Almost half of all patients who undergo cosmetic procedures are between the ages of 35 and 50, and about 30 percent of them are under the age of 35.12 Recently, there has been an increase in the number of adolescents undergoing these procedures as well. The American Society of Plastic Surgeons (ASPS) revealed that 230,000 cosmetic procedures were performed on individuals younger than 18 years old in 2011; this statistic represented a 16-fold increase in the number of procedures performed on adolescents compared to 1996.13 Most of the cosmetic procedures were nonsurgical in nature and comprised laser hair removal, chemical peeling, micro-dermabrasion, and botulinum injections.13
The factor that drive the younger population to consider cosmetic procedures have yet to be fully delineated. A Dutch study revealed that body image and attitudes toward physical appearance improve as teenagers grow older, regardless of whether they undergo cosmetic interventions.14 This suggests that vulnerable adolescents might seek cosmetic procedures, which they might later regret or deem unnecessary. Reality television shows pertaining to cosmetic procedures can foment misconceptions about the indications, risks, and benefits of cosmetic procedures.15 A British study found that female participants with poor self-esteem, poor life satisfaction, low self-rated attractiveness, and who were heavy watchers of television were more likely to undergo cosmetic procedures.16 Psychiatric conditions, such as body dysmorphic disorder, are known to increase the likelihood of individuals seeking cosmetic procedures.17 A desire to boost self-confidence is now as important as improving the aesthetics of sagging skin, according to a commercial survey of nearly 8,000 women assessing the evolving beauty needs of women around the world.18
With a focus on the Middle Eastern population, one study sought to assess the attitudes and acceptance of cosmetic procedures among individuals in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The study revealed that while nearly 70 percent of participants agreed that cosmetic procedures could help individuals feel better about themselves, about 27 percent disagreed.19 Another survey of Saudi Arabian women revealed that improving self-esteem was the most common motive for undergoing a cosmetic procedure and that wearing a veil is no barrier in seeking cosmetic treatment.20 Factors such as the influence of media, the perception of the ideal human form, and the professionalism and high standard of cosmetic surgery in the UAE have been identified as contributing to the surge of cosmetic procedures being performed in the UAE.21
There has been an observed interest in cosmetic surgery in the Arab world overall, and the UAE is no exception. The number of cosmetic surgery and dermatology clinics have been steadily increasing with what seems to be a secured population. These clinics have attracted both sexes and patients of varying ages, and it has been observed that younger people have become more interested in these procedures. We have observed adolescents who come in with their parents. These factors have led to our interest in exploring the motivations of this young population to undergo these procedures and discover whether they have common factors in their profile. The present study seeks to improve our awareness of the cultural perceptions of beauty, personal views of cosmetic procedures, personal experiences, and the society's perception of cosmetic procedures in the UAE. To our knowledge, this is the first systematized description of this population. We report a description of the attitudes as an exploratory approach to generate further hypothesis.
A structured questionnaire was disseminated online to university students in the UAE in 2017. The survey was designed to evaluate the attitudes of youths pertaining to cosmetic procedures and, if applicable, to delineate their personal experiences of undergoing these procedures. A cosmetic procedure was defined as any intervention that involved cosmetic correction and/or alteration of existing body features. It also included minimally invasive procedures, such as botulinum toxin injections and fillers, as well as major surgical procedures, such as liposuction, rhinoplasty, and breast augmentation.
Participants were informed about the nature of the study, and confidentiality was assured. The online, self-administered questionnaire included 63 questions (Survey Questionnaire-Supplementary). This study leveraged convenience sampling, as it was inexpensive, efficient, and simple to implement.22 Ethical approval was granted by the United Arab Emirates University Division of Research and Graduate Studies Ethics Committee.
The 63 questions of the questionnaire spanned five domains. The first domain contended with participants' demographic details, such as age, sex, educational level, nationality, occupation, financial status, marital status, and place of study. This was followed by questions exploring participants' personal views of cosmetic procedures. We evaluated the specific types of interventions that participants considered cosmetic procedures, such as their views of beauty and the ideal human form by body part (i.e., face shape, body shape, eye shape, skin colour, eye colour, nose shape, nose size, lip size, hair type, hair length, etc.). The questions appraised the opinions of participants regarding cosmetic procedures, the level of support they would render a friend who was keen on a cosmetic procedure, and what age group the participants thought cosmetic procedures would likely be performed on.
The next section explored participants' personal experiences with cosmetic procedures and the means of payment for such procedures. We asked about the level of satisfaction after the procedure, plans for cosmetic procedures, and the impact of these procedures on the participants' self-esteem and confidence.
The fourth part of the questionnaire contended with the attitudes of participants' direct family members. The questions in this section evaluated the parents' views on cosmetic procedures, history of cosmetic procedures in the family, and the participants' own opinions about their family members' cosmetic procedures, if applicable.
The final part of the questionnaire pertained to participants' views of the UAE society's attitudes towards cosmetic procedures. The questions explored participants' views on young men and women in the UAE who underwent cosmetic procedures, participants' knowledge of alternatives to cosmetic procedures, and the impact of such procedures on the likelihood of getting married. The questions also explored participants' views regarding the legal oversight necessary for cosmetic procedures and the concept of parental consent in relation to age group.
These answers were collated online and tabulated using Microsoft Excel for ease of analysis.
The results of the study will be introduced on a domain-by-domain basis. There were five sections of the questionnaire, and 500 questionnaires were sent out electronically. Only 178 participants (35.6%) responded to the online survey. The majority (58.4%) of participants were between 19 and 21 years of age. The vast majority (91%) of participants were female, and nearly 90 percent of all participants were UAE nationals. About 88 percent of participants were single, and nearly 60 percent of them reported receiving an allowance. About 73 percent of participants identified their father's monthly income as more than 10,000 UAE Dirhams (about $2,700 USD). Nearly 48 percent of the respondents' mothers had a minimum of university level education. The intricacies of these demographic details can be referenced in Tables 1 and 2.
In the second domain, several insights were identified regarding participants' views on cosmetic procedures. About 39 percent of the participants had no opinion on cosmetic procedures, whereas 27.5 percent of them did not support cosmetic procedures. Conversely, 32.6 percent of participants either strongly supported or conditionally supported cosmetic procedures. The survey asked the respondents to identify which procedures (out of 17 choices) they considered "cosmetic" in nature. The results are depicted in Figure 1. This section also explored participants' perceptions of the ideal body shape and human form. The majority (65.2%) of participants responded that the hourglass body shape is the most beautiful, and nearly 34 percent of participants felt that an oval and heart shaped face was the most beautiful, respectively. About 66 percent of participants indicated that pale white and light skin were the most beautiful complexions. Only 1.7 percent of participants viewed a "hooked nose" as attractive. The drawings used to describe various types of nasal shapes can be seen in Figure 2.23 More details pertaining to their perceptions can be referenced in Table 3.
For Section 3, participants' personal experiences with cosmetic procedures were explored. Most (86.6%) participants had never undergone a cosmetic procedure. Of those participants, the majority (46.8%) would not consider having any performed in the future. Of the participants that had a cosmetic procedure performed (n=20), only one person had five or more procedures; the remaining 19 had undergone 1 to 4 procedures. The procedures were financed by various means as depicted in Figure 3. Out of the 20 individuals who had undergone a cosmetic procedure, 13 (65%) participants expressed satisfaction with the result of the procedure. However, 45 percent of the participants who had previous cosmetic procedures felt that the it had no impact on their confidence contrary to the 40 percent who felt that it boosted their confidence.
Participants were asked about their parents' views on cosmetic procedures. Only 3.4 percent felt that their parents would be supportive of it, while nearly 35 percent stated that their parents were against cosmetic procedures. About 17 percent of participants believed that their parents would not allow them to have cosmetic procedures mainly due to those being unnecessary or because of religious reasons. These details can be referenced in Table 4.
For the final section of the questionnaire, participants' views of the societal attitudes in the UAE towards cosmetic procedures were evaluated. Fifty-nine percent of participants thought that there were viable alternatives to cosmetic procedures, such as makeup. Nearly 63 percent of total participants felt that cosmetic procedures are acceptable or slowly becoming acceptable to the society. However, 20 percent of participants felt that UAE culture frowned upon cosmetic procedures. There was a clear difference in opinion about the society's view of cosmetic procedures in men compared to in women. Nearly 48 percent of participants felt men who had undergone a cosmetic procedure were frowned upon in the UAE culture as opposed to only 10.7 percent in the case of women. Ninety-nine (55.6%) participants felt that people do not discuss these procedures openly, and 47 (26.4%) of them felt that knowledge of them having undergone such procedures would decrease their chances of getting married. Of the total participants, 122 (68.5%) felt that there should be legal regulation of the permissible age for individuals undergoing cosmetic procedures, and 125 (70.2%) of them felt that parental consent should be mandatory for individuals younger than 20 years old. Detailed questions in this section can be referenced in Table 5.
The increasing demand for cosmetic procedures in younger individuals recently has been linked to media portrayals, a reduction in stigma, and higher levels of disposable income.24 Cosmetic surgery is slowly becoming more acceptable in the UAE despite the country's conservative views that are influenced by the religious perception of cosmetic interventions.25
Surgical procedures, such as cleft lip repair, have been identified to increase confidence and quality of life.26 There is limited evidence on the benefits of cosmetic surgeries, such as liposuction, on a person's overall psychological health.27
Previous studies have examined patient satisfaction with cosmetic procedures.28 Studies focusing on attitudes concerning cosmetic surgery have mostly been carried out in Western nations. Therefore, this study aimed to retrieve insights from within the United Arab Emirates, which given the heterogeneity of its population, can be representative of the Middle East.
Personal views of cosmetic procedures. This study confirms the trend of increasing acceptance for cosmetic procedures among young participants. Ng and colleagues stress that although cosmetic procedures have become more prevalent in the younger population in recent years, there is limited research on the topic from an Asian perspective.13
This study asked participants to reveal their views of cosmetic procedures performed on individuals of their age group. Most had a positive view of cosmetic procedures, with many seeing this as a matter of personal choice and freedom. Among the participants against cosmetic procedures, lack of regulations and religious reasons were cited with some outlining that "we live in a horrible world based on society beauty standards" and "I am against plastic surgery just because this changes Allah's creation. This is Haram." Many participants felt that the decision was justified for medical reasons, while very few were in favour of having a cosmetic procedure at a young age. Others stated that social media negatively influences people's self-perception. This viewpoint is in agreement with available evidence on the impact of social media on the acceptability of cosmetic procedures among youth. Chen and colleagues found that those who invested more in social media had a positive association with the possibility of having cosmetic procedures.29
Cultural perception of beauty. Many studies have focused on a scientific perspective of the human body, but anthropology has created an analytical view that situates the body as social practice rather than an object.30 From this perspective, it is beneficial to view the body as a reflection for society, and vice versa, that is always changing and evolving.30 This viewpoint recognizes that individuals consider the human body as an area of change to affect social connections and cultural and personal cosmologies. Techniques and habits related to beauty, such as cosmetic procedures, are produced and constructed by culture. Therefore, there is a relational connection between the two.31
The concept of beauty, the ideal face, and body form is often shaped by the media via advertisements, subliminal messages, and social media.32 It has been argued that this is due to years of over-sexualization and sexism, which have shaped the actions of mostly female consumers.33 Many women with naturally dark complexion believe that fair skin makes them more appealing, attractive, and successful, suggesting that skin-whitening products relate to primal instincts.34 The present study has identified similar findings, with a vast majority of participants choosing the "pale white" and "aight" skin colors as the most attractive as per the Fitzpatrick scale.35 The "dark brown" skin color was selected by just 3.4 percent as the most beautiful. This viewpoint is likely intertwined with societal constructs, with a link between fair skin and privilege.34 Evidence has found that women get their skin lightened with the belief that it will increase their position in society, their identity, and the likelihood of being employed and getting married.36
Participants in the current study preferred the hourglass figure with a low waist to hip ratio, which has also been identified in Western research.37 The research by Neyret et al37 revealed that a low waist to hip ratio and a low body mass index (BMI) is currently perceived as the most attractive female body, whereas a high BMI and a low waist to chest ratio is currently perceived as most attractive in men among Western society. This finding emphasizes that the concept of beauty is shifting towards a more Westernized ideal within the UAE. Middle Eastern beauty icons are not often discussed or focused on within the media and societal discussion. A study of more than 5,000 models throughout 12 countries revealed that editorial decisions within magazines were dominated by European and North American beauty ideals.38
Our study found that a small number of participants viewed a "hooked nose" as attractive. A hook or hump is a characteristic of the "Arabic nose," which is long, slightly hooked, and with a pendant dip.31 It is seen as a negative facial feature, making women worried that they will not get married if they do not modify their facial features.31
In Middle Eastern culture, beauty is generally recognized by an oval or round face; temple fullness; pronounced, elevated, arched eyebrows; large almond-shaped eyes; well-defined, laterally full cheeks; a small, straight nose; full lips; a well-defined jawline; and a prominent, pointed chin.39 The results from this survey give us insight into prevalent concepts of beauty among the youth in the UAE. The results showed little change from documented, cultural perception of beauty in the Middle East. The perception of facial beauty is highly individual.40 This information can potentially help professionals devise cosmetic treatment strategies that reflect current trends in the UAE's young population.
UAE society's perception of cosmetic procedures. Generational differences in perspective is a common feature of any viable, progressive society. The results from this survey arguably indicate an intergenerational shift in attitude towards cosmetic procedures in the UAE. A portion of study participants stated that their family's views were dependent upon the reason for having the procedure, suggesting that their parents may be open to the idea of cosmetic procedures under certain circumstances. These situations could be investigated further to gain insight. Those who stated that their parents did not allow them to have a cosmetic procedure revealed that their reasoning was based on religion or the belief that it was unnecessary. This correlated with the finding that 44.4 percent of participants were unable to think of a direct family member who had a cosmetic procedure carried out.
Change in societal attitudes is a slow but continuous process. As we appraise the changing views about cosmetic procedures globally, it would seem that society is pushing individuals towards changing their appearance cosmetically. A recent societal agenda to "fix" the body can be seen within cosmetic procedures' medical jargon in areas like Brazil.40 Cosmetic procedures have been offered that "correct the negroid nose," which is deeply based on a cultural bias.40 When jargon is used about correcting the broken or "wrong," it conditions society to a specific characteristic of beauty.38
About a quarter of study participants felt that they would have a reduced likelihood of getting married if others were aware that they had undergone cosmetic procedures. This finding suggests that cosmetic procedures are in demand, but individuals prefer it to remain a private matter. In contrast, Al Kuttab9 argued that cosmetic surgery used to be viewed as a private matter, with people usually embarrassed or reluctant to reveal their procedures, whereas individuals now admit it as a fashion statement, showing wealth and status.9
We asked the participants about their perception of the society's view on cosmetic procedures. Nearly 56 percent stated that it was slowly becoming acceptable. This was followed by a similar question but focusing on men having undergone cosmetic procedures. Only 21.9 percent of participants stated that it was slowly becoming acceptable. This survey has revealed that likelihood of men being judged and frowned upon for undergoing cosmetic procedures is much higher than women undergoing similar procedures. This finding could suggest that the stereotypical ideology of man is still focused on in the Middle Eastern society. It is arguably related to the traditional notion of the role men have had in the society and the cultural concept of beauty. However, this sample may not be representative of the wider society. The shift from traditional masculinity has been explained by post-industrial work pattern changes, ideologies of technology consumption, and a change in gender relations.41
Experience of cosmetic procedures among youth in the Middle East. Our study found that only 40 percent of participants who underwent cosmetic procedures reported a positive change in their confidence levels. This finding is in contrast with previous evidence linking cosmetic procedures with enhanced self-esteem and patient confidence levels.42 Asimakopoulou et al43 reported a significant increase in post-surgery satisfaction levels in women who underwent breast augmentation procedures.
The above results show cosmetic procedures' lack of impact on participants' self-confidence. This becomes even more interesting when seen in the context of a reasonably high satisfaction level with the procedures themselves (65% of the relevant participants). This potentially highlights the need for further research into motivations and reasons behind a decision to undergo a cosmetic procedure. The Tripartite Influence Model suggests that there are both indirect and direct sources of body dissatisfaction leading to a decision to have cosmetic procedures.44 These include parents, peers, and the media. Comparing beauty ideals within cultural stereotypes can also have an indirect impact.44 In addition, self-objectification and negative attitudes towards age, beauty, body size, shape, fat phobia, and the belief that breast appearance is more important than their function, are all linked to body dissatisfaction.44 Lastly, there is the argument that women are stigmatized by the expectation beauty.33 It becomes a prominent train of thought, as it is continuously negatively reinforced by both direct and indirect sources.33 The ideology of gender and how it is construed within society facilitates this focus. The man is often seen as a spectator, whereas the woman as a spectacle.7 This perspective is in line with Goffman's idea of stigma.45
Limitations. One limitation of the study lies in the response rate of 35.6 percent. Some limitations of this qualitative study are also revealed when comparing the results of this study to the available literature on factors that motivate individuals to undergo cosmetic procedures. There is a small number of respondents who were male, and the assessment of difference between gender is not easy to conduct. This is relevant, as women are more likely to undergo cosmetic procedures as compared to men.46,47 This work is a preliminary description of our findings and allows multiple hypotheses to be tested in future projects involving this population like the relationship between individual's income, parents' education, family opinion on cosmetic procedures, and the likelihood of undergoing a cosmetic procedure. The authors recommend statistical analysis performed in future studies to delineate correlations or likelihood ratios to support or test these notions.
Cosmetic procedures are increasingly being accepted among youth in the Middle East. This can be attributed to the promulgation of cosmetic surgery related media and increased accessibility, affordability, and quality of cosmetic procedures in recent years. More research is needed in exploring cosmetic procedures in the Middle East, including the specific effects of social media and celebrity role models. There is still a dearth of research in regard to the ideal human form and perceptions of what constitutes beauty. Future research could characterize these perceptions in other cultures and explore differences in what is perceived to be beautiful in various parts of the world.
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Body image, Cosmetic procedures, Middle East, plastic surgery, United Arab Emirates, youth
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text:
Speak Up Guardians: A Whiter Shade Of (Corporate) Pale
May 16, 2017 June 8, 2017 by minhalexander
By Dr Minh Alexander NHS whistleblower and former consultant psychiatrist 16 May 2017
This is an early, quick and dirty look at the emerging characteristics of so-called 'Freedom To Speak Up Guardians' – roles that are not evidence based but provide a sop to calls for real reform of whistleblowing governance.
There is no good, complete evidence yet. The National Guardian reassuringly told the press in January 2017 that 201 trusts had appointed a Speak Up Guardian. 1
The reality is that the Speak Up Guardian landscape is akin to the Wild West. Only it is less organised.
Jeremy Hunt has endlessly cited the Freedom To Speak Up Review to prop up implausible claims that he is building the safest, most transparent health service in the world. In truth, the government hasn't bothered much with the Review's centre piece – the creation of Speak Up Guardians. Most likely as it was never considered a serious venture to begin with, serving only a decorative function.
Francis' proposal for Speak Up Guardians was short on detail.
Then the government made the situation worse by allowing trusts to do whatever they wanted: installing whatever arrangements they liked, or delaying until guidance was available:
"In addition, if Trusts feel confident to appoint their Guardian without this guidance, they should not wait for the guidance to be published." 2
The guidance came late – in September 2016 3 – given the glacial rate at which the CQC approaches its duties.
Inevitably in the absence of evidence base and guidance, all sorts of weird and wonderful permutations sprang up, which will make meaningful evaluation a nightmare.
Some trusts appointed networks of Guardians and champions. Some held elections. Professional backgrounds and seniority vary considerably. Many trusts have published little detail on how their Guardians work or what capacity in terms of WTE has been installed. A pre-conference poll by the National Guardian suggested that the majority of Guardians are part time – 70% indicated that they had less than one day of protected time. 4
An unenthusiastic tone is reflected in a number of trust board papers:
"Freedom to Speak Up Guardian Raj Bhamm, Head of Workforce Strategy, has been appointed to this role for a 3 year period. This is a CQC requirement."
http://www.royalsurrey.nhs.uk/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/170126-final-part-1.pdf
One can understand why some trusts may be reluctant to expend time and money on this imposed project, when the NHS is under such immense strain.
A wander through the gallery of Speak Up Guardians throws up interesting individual examples, if the paper trail is to be believed:
A Speak Up Guardian who was formerly the Head of Legal Services at Mid Staffs.5
A Speak Up Guardian who is also listed as Head of Comms.6
A Speak Up Guardian who came from John Lewis.7
A Speak Up Guardian who used to be the Chief Executive of the Foundation Trust Network 8
A Speak Up Guardian who used to a Director of Comms 9
I wrote to Robert Francis about general concerns and gave the example of the former Mid Staffs Head of Legal Services. His response acknowledged that implementation has been variable and resulted in a lack of uniformity. 10
NHS Employers started publishing an interactive map showing all the trusts that had reportedly appointed Guardians:
http://www.nhsemployers.org/your-workforce/retain-and-improve/raising-concerns-at-work-and-whistleblowing/freedom-to-speak-up-guardian-hub/guardian-map
The most recent version of this map, dated 31 March 2017, accounted for only 209 trusts.
Of the trusts that did not feature on the NHS Employers map, eight have not clearly appointed a Speak Up Guardian yet, based on published papers:
Buckinghamshire Healthcare NHS Trust
Hertfordshire Partnership NHS Foundation Trust
Kingston Hospital NHS Foundation Trust
Pennine Acute Hospitals NHS Trust
North West Anglia NHS Foundation Trust
(previously Peterborough and Stamford NHS Foundation Trust and Hinchingbrooke Healthcare NHS Trust, which merged on 1 April 2017)
Princess Alexandra Hospital NHS Trust
Queen Victoria Hospital NHS Trust
Royal United Hospitals Bath NHS Foundation Trust
I must question the reliability of the data reported to NHS Employers by some trusts. It looks in some instances that trusts may have just given NHS Employers names of contacts who were not actually Freedom to Speak Up Guardians, usually senior managers. In some of these cases, a check of trust records shows that Freedom To Speak Up Guardians had not even been appointed.
A related question arises about whether the National Guardian's above figure of 201 trusts with Guardians included duff data, given by trusts who just wanted the centre off their backs. I suspect it did.
Corporate Speak Up Guardians
There are also worries about the corporate nature of some Guardian appointments.
A trawl of all the Speak Up Guardians flagged on the most recent version of NHS Employers' Guardian map and trusts' papers revealed that 66 trust directors and 30 associate directors had apparently been appointed as Speak Up Guardians in 88 trusts.
Two directors were each Guardians for two trusts, and three trusts had more than one director acting as Guardians.
This is the supporting data:
https://minhalexander.files.wordpress.com/2016/09/freedom-to-speak-up-guardians-who-are-directors-14-05-2017.xlsx
Cross checking with other sources such as board papers confirmed only some of these apparent appointees as Guardians – only 28 out of the 66 directors and only 16 out of 30 associate directors were clearly Speak Up Guardians.
Of course, some of the unconfirmed cases may be Guardians. And many of those directors who were not confirmed as Guardians are nevertheless those who are in control of the appointment and operation of Guardians.
However, conservatively there are so far at least 44 confirmed 'corporate' Speak Up Guardians, in 37 trusts:
This is a list of those 37 trusts:
Freedom to Speak Up Guardians who are directors 14.05.2017
The 44 corporate Speak Up Guardians broke down as follows:
Type of Trust Director Number
Chief executive 1
Non-executive director 14
Medical director 4 (3 medical directors, 1 associate medical director)
Director of nursing 4 (2 directors of nursing, 2 associate directors of nursing)
Director of human resources 3 (1 director of HR, 2 associate directors of HR)
Directors of corporate affairs 3 (2 directors of corporate Affairs, 1 associate director of corporate affairs)
Directors of governance (and similar) 10 (2 directors of governance, 8 associate directors of governance)
Other types of directors 5 (4 directors, 1associate director)
It is a concern that there are so many corporate appointments, as questions arise about values, perspective and patient-centredness.
As Mid Staffs showed, unchecked managerialism can be deadly to patients.
Few BME Speak Up Guardians
As well as an unhealthy dose of corporate salts, the Guardians also look rather white so far.
I have so far come across only 15 Guardians who are from visible ethnic minorities.
This is despite a higher proportion of BME individuals in the NHS workforce than in the general population.
At last count:
17% of the whole NHS workforce were non-white
38% of NHS doctors and dentists were non-white. 11
I took a closer look at the available data on Speak Up Guardians in trusts that serve 38 of the most ethnically diverse districts (based on the 2011 census 12).
These districts ranged from Newham (29% white) to Coventry (73.8% white). 13
Of course, the percentage of BME staff in NHS services in these districts is higher than the average across the whole NHS. For example, the proportion of BME staff in the London NHS workforce is 44%, according to NHS England. 14
I found that in the 48 trusts serving these districts, there were 12 non-white Speak Up Guardians and 49 white Speak Up Guardians. 15
Even accounting for incomplete data, this suggests that power appoints in its own image.
This is not very good news for just culture, or for BME whistleblowers, who the Freedom to Speak Up Review acknowledged were much more likely to be ignored and to suffer reprisal. 16
But then, it's not as if anyone really cared enough to administrate the establishment of Speak Up Guardians in a coherent and efficient manner.
No one tends to the window dressing once it's been hung out.
As one trust illustrates, the focus is now on serious stuff….. such as ensuring a supply of green lanyards:
"Freedom to Speak Up (FTSU) – The 'Freedom to Speak Up' review, published in February 2015, highlighted how important it is for every part of the NHS to develop a culture in which all staff are positively encouraged to raise issues about safety, quality and effectiveness of patient care and supported when they do so. It was a requirement for all NHS Trusts to appoint Guardians to work with trust leadership teams to implement this agenda. The National Guardian for FTSU has now been appointed, Dr Henrietta Hughes. She held the first National Guardians conference in March 2017. NCH&C have increased the number of FTSU champions and held its third steering group meeting. Actions developing from the group include; a role description for the advocates; implementation of the national reporting dataset; inclusion on datix for staff to raise concerns directly to the Trust Guardians; FTSU green lanyards for champions; development of a FTSU logo for NCH&C; communication plan to cascade information; implementation of dedicated phone line for reporting concerns."
Norfolk Community Health and Care NHS Trust Board paper 26 April 2017
UPDATE 8 June 2017
Curiously, three weeks after I wrote about these issues of poor quality data on Speak Guardians, their questionable diversity and the large number of corporate appointments, one of the main published data sources has disappeared. It is NHS Employers' interactive Speak Up Guardian map, which gave details of Speak Up Guardians appointed so far by trusts. A 'page not found' message is obtained when the relevant link is clicked. I have asked NHS Employers why the map has been erased and whether there are plans to replace it.
https://minhalexander.com/2017/03/07/freedom-to-speak-up-guardian-jailed/
https://minhalexander.com/2017/03/22/25-best-and-25-worst-nhs-trusts-for-speaking-up-allegedly/
https://minhalexander.com/2016/09/24/critique-of-francis-model-of-trust-appointed-guardians/
REFRENCES
1 Learning Not Blaming, Department of Health July 2015
https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/445640/Learning_not_blaming_acc.pdf
2 More than 30 trusts do not have whistleblower guardian. Health Service Journal, 12 January 2017
https://minhalexander.files.wordpress.com/2016/09/more-than-30-trusts-still-do-not-have-whistleblower-guardian.pdf
3 CQC guidance on job description for Speak Up Guardians
https://minhalexander.files.wordpress.com/2016/09/example_job_description_freedom_to_speak_up_guardian_september_2016.pdf
5 Rebecca Southall, former Head of Legal Services at Mid Staffs, currently Director of Corporate Affairs at University Hospitals of Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust is listed as the Speak Up Guardian for UHCW and also for Coventry Warwickshire Partnership NHS Trust
http://www.uhcw.nhs.uk/clientfiles/File/Trust%20Board%20Public%2030_03_17.pdf
https://www.linkedin.com/in/rebecca-southall-06416641/
6 Sarah Newby Head of Comms and Fundraising at Luton and Dunstable NHS Trust is also Speak Up Guardian according to NHS Employers' data
https://www.ldh.nhs.uk/contact-us/media-enquiries/
7 Caroline Owens is listed as the Speak Up Guardian for the very troubled Brighton and Sussex University Hospitals NHS Trust. Her LinkedIn data and other sources indicate that her background is in corporate affairs at John Lewis.
http://www.brightonandhovenews.org/2017/03/30/whistleblowing-champion-urges-hospital-chiefs-to-support-staff-who-speak-out/
https://www.linkedin.com/in/carolineowens/?ppe=1
8 Sue Slipman, an non executive director at Kings College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, and who was previously CEO of the Foundation Trust Network, is listed by NHS Employers as King's Speak Up Guardian
https://www.kch.nhs.uk/about/organisation/directors/nonexecutive-directors
9 Venessa James is a non executive director for South West Ambulance Service NHS trust, is named as the Speak Up Guardian for the trust by NHS Employers. Her LinkedIn data indicates that she was previously the Director of Comms at NHS Devon PCT.
https://www.linkedin.com/in/venessa-james-67b62391/?ppe=1
10 Correspondence with Robert Francis about Speak Up Guardian appointments
Correspondence with Robert Francis about Speak Up Guardians May 2017
11 NHS Employers ethnicity stats for the NHS May 2017
http://www.nhsemployers.org/~/media/Employers/Publications/Ethnicity%20in%20the%20NHS.pdf
http://www.nhsemployers.org/case-studies-and-resources/2017/05/diversity-in-the-nhs-infographic
12 2011 Census: table of ethnicity by district
https://minhalexander.files.wordpress.com/2016/09/2011-census-ethnicity-by-district.xls
13 List of the 38 most ethnically diverse districts based on 2011 census
https://minhalexander.files.wordpress.com/2016/09/38-most-ethnically-diverse-districts-source-2011-census.xlsx
14 WRES 2016 Data analysis report for trusts, NHS England April 2017 Page 101:
"In London the proportion of the NHS trust workforce from BME backgrounds is 44%."
https://www.england.nhs.uk/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/workforce-race-equality-standard-data-report-2016.pdf
15 https://minhalexander.files.wordpress.com/2016/09/trusts-serving-the-most-ethnically-diverse-districts-16-05-20171.xlsx
16 Freedom to Speak Up Review by Robert Francis 11 February 2015
http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20150218150343/https://freedomtospeakup.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/F2SU_web.pdf
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One thought on "Speak Up Guardians: A Whiter Shade Of (Corporate) Pale"
After the recent IT fiascos, with IT whistle-blowers being largely ignored, I fully expect to learn that any additional NHS IT funding will, at least in part, find its way to P.R. and to the "Guardians."
I won't go on but will thank you.
Zara.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


**Update You can now download all of these plans as a Spanish high frequency verb unit. Or the same unit, but in French.
PERSONA ESPECIAL - Normally them we would go into Ben Slavic's circling with balls using nameplates talking about everyone. Since I know everyone's names, we will not be making nameplates and instead will go right into special person interviews from Bryce Hedstrom. I will ask for a outgoing volunteer to sit on the special stool, and as a class we will ask them questions using this list. Depending on time, we may go through a couple people and then do a quick free write at the end to write down everything they remember about their classmates for future use. Each day of the week there will be one target structure of the super 7 that will be introduced and focused on.
STORY - The class will create a story using the four target structures of the super 7 so far (es, tiene, le gusta, hay) and using two volunteer actors. The goal is our story will use some of the real information we learned about the class during the special person interviews. Below is just a basic example that uses the target structures. You can find the story in this unit.
amazing!! looking ahead to next year and I am so thankful for your suggestions/bundle!!
How long are your typical class periods from this plan?
Good ideas. Just one thing. When teaching le gusta with a name, make sure to use the personal A. A Sara le gusta ... I thought at first it was a typo but then I saw it repeated over and over. We're not perfect of course, but just thought I'd help out. Not trolling you. We are educators after all.


To "encourage excellence and innovative thinking in the next generation of leaders in our community," Richard S. (Major) Reynolds recently announced a gift of $500,000 to help students in Reynolds Community College's Honors Program pay for school and participate in experiential learning and service opportunities outside of the classroom.
"Students accepted into the Honors Program participate in more advanced, complex academic work," said Honors faculty coordinator Dr. Ashley Bourne-Richardson. "All Honors courses share the foundational pillars of critical thinking, independent research, interdisciplinary learning, and engagement. It's rigorous, but rewarding." To complete the Honors Program and earn an Honors certification on their diploma, students must complete 18-21 credits in designated Honors courses.
The availability of scholarships greatly influences the ability of participants to fully engage in the program and succeed academically. Honor students have approximately the same level of unmet financial need as their peers. 62 percent have applied for financial aid and 67 percent report working at least a part-time job while in school.
The half-million dollar gift to the J. Sargeant Reynolds Community College Educational Foundation establishes the Reynolds Family Honors Scholars and provides precious scholarship dollars for an annual cohort of recipients. "Our college is named for a beloved public servant who championed access to higher education," said Gary L. Rhodes, president of Reynolds Community College. "With this investment, our students can explore and apply on and off campus those ideals of scholarship and service. This gift from the Richard S. Reynolds Foundation is another example of the financial and moral support shown for our college by the Reynolds Family, and we're honored to receive it," said President Rhodes.
The sixth annual Elby Awards, sponsored by Richmond Magazine, and named for renowned French chef and Richmonder Paul Elbling, were awarded on Sunday evening, February 19 at the Altria Theater.
Congratulations on your Elby Award! When do you plan to finish your studies at Reynolds?
I hope to graduate in December 2017.
Tell me about your experience at the Elby Awards. Was it your first time attending?
I worked at Elby event last year. I am always quick to volunteer to work at community events because it's good practice and helps me meet other people in the food industry. The Elbys is always a great event for "food" people. I knew in advance I had been selected for the award this year and was truly honored.
What was your favorite class at Reynolds, and why?
I have liked them all! As far as the actual cooking classes, I find that they get better as you go along, and each one is better than the one before. The academic courses are important for learning the business side of the industry.
How did you get interested in the culinary field?
It's funny that everyone asks me that. I didn't grow up in one of those "cooking" families. I went to Radford University to study social work. I realized that I was on the wrong track and that I wanted a career working with my hands, something that was creative in nature. I actually discovered my love of food and cooking during my time in Radford.
What key training or experience allowed you to separate yourself from the other students that were nominated for the award?
I have been told it was three things – my academics, my performance in the kitchen over the last year as far as my skill level, and my positive attitude. I am one of those people who perform well under pressure.
How has Reynolds helped you accomplish your dreams of working in the culinary field?
I spent time researching and trying to decide on a culinary program and a friend recommended the Reynolds program to me. I have found it to be affordable, a top notch education with professors who are truly invested in their students.
What would be your advice for someone looking at going into the culinary field?
I would definitely recommend this program. I'm sorry I won't be here when the new culinary building is completed. It's not just about the food, it's the people and the affordability, too.
If you could only have one last meal in Richmond, where would it be and what would you order?
I have to give you two answers. I'm a sandwich lover, so for a sandwich I would go to Union Market in Church Hill and order the Chicken Tarragon sandwich with Potato Salad. For a meal, I would pick Edo Squid and order the Squid Genovese with Spaghetti.
What opportunities are you currently exploring?
I'm thinking about applying to serve my internship at the Omni Homestead Resort in Hot Springs which will hopefully lead to an employment opportunity. My long term goal is to be an executive chef and run my own kitchen someday.


Backyard Ideas, Backyard Built In Bbq Ideas was posted April 30, 2017 at 6:01 pm by turismoestrategico.co . More over Backyard Built In Bbq Ideas has viewed by 1592 visitor.
Pool Ideas, Built In Pool Ideas was posted February 3, 2016 at 9:22 pm by turismoestrategico.co . More over Built In Pool Ideas has viewed by 217 visitor.


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Q: whm/cpanel server install web folder location on a whm/cpanel server install, where is the hostname web folder located. ex. if hostname is svr1.server.com where is the web folder for that. i checked /root/public_html/ but that's not it

A: I can't remember offhand, but type httpd -S and look for the configuration file, I think it's /usr/local/apache/conf/httpd.conf or similar. Copy the file path name type:
grep "DocumentRoot" /that/full/path/name - it should tell you where the files are.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Conservative treatment in early-stage breast cancer is considered a standard approach. Breast preserving surgery with adjuvant radiotherapy is as effective as mastectomy in the early stages of breast cancer to control local disease and distant metastasis and maintain the overall survival rate. Minimally invasive surgery for the treatment of axillary spread and new techniques of breast preservation surgery will probably lead to a reduction in mastectomy-related complications. However، the complications of adjuvant radiotherapy remain a challenge. Cutaneous، cardiac، and pulmonary toxicity are the main complications of adjuvant breast irradiation. The multidisciplinary features (systemic treatment، endocrine therapy، and surgery)، patient profile (history of underlying diseases، age، and habits)، and irradiation-associated parameters are the factors affecting safe adjuvant radiotherapy. Advances in irradiation techniques and facilities related to the preservation of organs at risk (such as IGRT، tracing and tracking systems، and respiratory gating) are modern tools for reducing the risk of toxicity. Reported data from clinical trials or retrospective surveys greatly help physicians in consulting the patients on the efficacy and potential side effects of treatment and leads to the improvement of the decision making process.
The outcome of locally advanced carcinoma cervix patients treated with chemoradiotherapy is highly variable and depends on various prognostic factors.
The aim of this study is to evaluate the prevalence and prognostic significance of thrombocytosis in this group of patients of our institution.
Between January 2008 and December 2012، 195 patients with locally advanced carcinoma cervix [International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage IIB-IIIB]، were treated with external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) to a dose of 45 Gy in 25 fractions along with concurrent chemotherapy (cisplatin 40 mg/m2)، followed by HDR brachytherapy EQD2 of 30 Gy. The platelet counts were recorded pre treatment and during treatment in all the patients.
Among the 195 patients، 101 (51.5%) belonged to stage IIB and 94 (48.5%) to stage IIIB. Thrombocytosis (platelet count > 400 × 109/L) was seen in 31 (15.8%) patients. The overall survival in thrombocytosis group is 41% which is significantly less than the OS of the non-thrombocytosis group which is 62%.
Thrombocytosis is not a frequent finding in patients with locally advanced carcinoma cervix in our population، but when present it is associated with poor outcome in terms of survival.
Many patients with cancer tend to use vitamin supplements alongside their conventional cancer treatments. They have the presumption that vitamins can help them feel better or fight the disease.
The aim of this study was to determine the use of vitamins among cancer patients in a referral cancer center in Tehran، Iran.
Two hundred cancer patients who were undergoing outpatient chemotherapy or chemo-radiation were chosen. The data about the use of vitamins and whether they have prescribed by their physician were collected by a questionnaire.
Among the patients who were being treated with chemotherapy alone (81.5% of the cases)، 20.4% reported regular use of vitamins. This figure for the remaining 18.5% who were undergoing chemoradiation was 23.7%. The interesting finding was that 43.9% of the cases who were taking vitamins، it was prescribed by the treating oncologist. More than half (52.5%) of the patients who were taking vitamins had no other medical illness apart from cancer. Multivitamin capsules were the most commonly used form of vitamins.
More than 20% of our patients took vitamins regularly. In more than 40% of these cases، vitamin supplements were prescribed by the treating physician. As there is some evidence that vitamins can interfere with chemotherapy and probably radiotherapy treatments، it would be prudent for oncologists to prescribe them more cautiously for the cancer patients who are under active treatment.
The most common site for extramedullary plasmacytomas (EMP) is the upper respiratory tract، including the oropharyngeal and nasal cavities، paranasal sinuses، and larynx. The EMPs of the head and neck area are uncommon malignancies comprising only 3% to 4% of all the plasmacytomas.
We presented a 78-year-old man with right facial swelling، right exophthalmos، diplopia، and decrease in visual acuity of the right eye for three weeks. A right nasal mass was identified on nasal endoscopic examination. Computed tomography scan of the paranasal sinuses revealed a mass in the right maxillary and ethmoid sinuses with orbital extension. Histopathologic examination showed plasmacytoma of paranasal sinuses. Patient received 56 Gy in 28 fractions of radiotherapy. He was well in the follow-up visits during the next one year.
Although sinonasal EMP is rare، it is worth being considered in the differential diagnoses of paranasal malignancies. Radiotherapy is the treatment of choice for solitary EMPs of paranasal sinuses. Long-term follow-up is essential in EMPs.
Dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor (DNET) is a benign tumor commonly observed in young people and mostly in the temporal lobe. This tumor usually presents with seizure and involves glial and neuronal cells.
The current report presents a case of a 25-year-old female، with intractable seizures including complex partials and secondary generalized seizure. The brain magnetic resonance (MR) showed multiple nonspecific hyperintense lesions in the bilateral temporal lobe. The patient underwent surgery، and selective temporal lobectomy was performed.
Microscopic examination showed multifocal DNET، and the patient was seizure-free after surgery. Although DNET is very rare، the presentation of this case can help with its diagnosis and treatment.


The name is a bit awkward, but the price is always right at the Hotel Heritage Comfort Inn. The rooms are mostly new, simple, and clean. This highly-rated hotel continually gets extra high marks for its free breakfast buffet.


The Rhode Island Department of Transportation (RIDOT) and the Town of Middletown invite members of the community to a public informational meeting on Tuesday, October 2, 2018 at 6 PM, to learn more about proposed intersection improvements along Aquidneck Avenue. The construction projects will focus on improving safety at three intersections: Valley Road, Crescent Road and Purgatory Road, as well as improvements to the Aquidneck/Green End Ave. intersection. The current plans and schedules will be presented at the meeting. The meeting will take place at the Middletown Town Council Chambers, Town Hall, 350 East Main Road.
This meeting location is accessible to the handicapped. Individuals requiring interpreter services for the hearing impaired should notify the Town Clerk's Office at (401) 847-0009 not less than 48 hours before this meeting.


Home // Program Areas // Grain C.A.R.T. // How to contribute to the GRAIN C.A.R.T. project!
How to contribute to the GRAIN C.A.R.T. project!
Even though the GRAIN C.A.R.T. was reveiled and dedicated to the Ohio Fire Academy, it is still possible to contribute the the project.
If you are interested in contributing to the project please contact Dee Jepsen at jepsen.4@osu.edu or 614-292-6008.


A pike from the past. It was a good number of years ago when John Peterson and Bob Jensen got together on Upper Red Lake to bring a bunch of northern pike like this one to the net.A pike from the past. It was a good number of years ago when John Peterson and Bob Jensen got together on Upper Red Lake to bring a bunch of northern pike like this one to the net.
For many fisher-people, netting the fish on the end of their line is about the last thing they think of: There are so many other things that we need to do to get to that point. First you've got to find where the fish are. Then you've got to select the proper bait that will get them on the end of your line. After that happens and the hook is set, you have to play the fish properly. You've got to have a good knot and strong line, and you've got to have your drag set properly so it will give a little but not too much when the fish wants to run. Then, once you've got it tired out, you need to land it. You can swing it into the boat or onto the shore, you can grab it with your hand, or you can net it. Many, many fish are lost when the angler tries to land it. If you want to increase your odds of landing that fish on the end of your line, you need to net it. Here's why.
Swinging a fish into the boat or onto the bank usually isn't a good option, although lots of people do it. Sometimes when we're fighting the fish we underestimate its size. When you try to swing a too-big fish into the boat, lines and rods break.
Even if the fish is of swinging size, frequently the hook pops out. Sometimes the fish lands in the boat, but it's flopping around on the floor. That's not good for the fish. And, when the hook pops out, sometimes it slingshots into one of your body parts. That's not good for you.
Sometimes the fish lands on the deck of the boat or on the shoreline and flops back into the water. If you were going to release the fish, that's no big deal, but if you were going to include him in your supper, you're out of luck. Swinging a fish into the boat is not the best idea.
Landing the fish by hand works ok for some species, but you're increasing the odds of getting a hook in your hand, and again, that's not much fun.
Also if you land a fish by hand, you've got to really play the fish out, and that decreases its chance for survival if you release it. The best way to land a fish is with a net.
So, now you've got that fish within netting distance. Don't reach or over-extend to land it. You want to get it coming in your direction, and you want it to go into the net nose first. Never try to land a fish tail first: Fish can swim faster than you can move the net. If you try to net it tail first, it will swim out of the net.
If you've got someone who's new to netting, show them how it's done on the first fish, then have them net every fish that comes into the boat that isn't on their line. It's good practice, and it keeps them interested even when they aren't catching the fish. It's usually a good idea for the netter to reel their line in when they're netting. This prevents rods from going over the side of the boat and tangles.
Beckman Nets have been around for a long time, and almost anyone who has tried a Beckman has liked it. The fish like them also, as the bag of the net is easy on the fish's eyes and skin, which greatly increases their odds for survival if they're released. Best of all, Beckman nets are fisherman-friendly. They can be stored out of the way until needed, but when needed, they can be snapped into a landing position quickly.
When you're on the water this year, net your fish. You'll end up catching more fish with less damage to the fish and to your hands.


As an entrepreneur starting up a new business, your goal is to precipitate speedy growth. However, statistics from the Small Business Administration reveal that many new companies founder and fail within the first few years of operation. To avoid this fate, check out these tips on how to bring about rapid business growth.
If you spread your marketing net too wide, you risk wasting a lot of time and money without results. Instead, picture your ideal customers, and focus your branding and advertising efforts on becoming the solution to their needs and desires.
Study your competitors with a view to understanding what sets you apart from them. Once you pinpoint the unique aspects of your business, emphasize those qualities to draw in customers and spur business growth.
Key performance indicators are metrics that you use to track your business growth over time. These may be financial indicators such as revenue, but they may also include the amount of new or repeat customers or other criteria. Find out what your company's key performance indicators are, and then monitor, analyze, and improve them.
Keeping a close eye on your company cash flow is a crucial aspect of business growth. Meticulously track income and expenses. In the beginning, cut costs wherever you can to ensure continuous positive cash flow. By avoiding debt, you build your business credit, making it possible to obtain a loan when you need it to grow your company.
Having the right employees represent your company is integral to business growth. During the hiring process, take your time and look for the right people. If you can't offer high salaries and excellent benefits, emphasize the clarity and elegance of your company's mission and culture to help you lure talented people.
For more advice on speeding up business growth, get in touch with GrowthCC.


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Upcoming Schedule For FREE Live Stream Broadcasts
Your guide to where and when to watch captures of FREE live stream broadcasts of ballets, concerts, plays, operas and musicals while the world is put on "pause" due to the coronavirus pandemic!
The following is a list of upcoming FREE live stream broadcasts. Partake in one or all, dependent on where your interests lie or how much boredom has set in. Updated on 4/9/2020.
Opera: The Marriage of Figaro
• Available March 27, 2020 for six months
• "For many people, one's wedding day might feel dramatic. However, for Mozart's Figaro, it is quite literally an opera! The action covers one day in the castle and grounds of Aguas Frescas, near Seville. Stellar performances in John Cox's production of this Mazart opera, featuring an unforgettable Figaro by Joshua Bloom."
• It can be found here.
ONE MAN, TWO GUVNORS
• Available April 2–9, 2020
• Theatre: Lyttelton Theatre, London
• Stage Director: Nicholas Hytner
• Cast: James Corden
• The hit comedy (which transferred to Broadway in 2012) will be streamed for free on the National Theatre's YouTube channel for one week, beginning 3 PM Eastern April 2.
Estonia National Opera: Chales Gounod's "Faust"
• April 4, 2020
• Directed by: Dmitri Bertman from Moscow Helikon-Opera.
• The conductor is Vello Pähn and the designer is Ene-Liis Semper.
• Performers: Oliver Kuusik, Joanna Freszel, Rauno Elp, Helen Lokuta and many others.
• Available for one week here.
• "Bachelor Jack Worthing and his best mate Algernon Moncrieff hope to marry society's most eligible ladies, Gwendolen Fairfax and Cecily Cardew. However, the lads' courtship of the women is far from straight forward! With double identities, plenty of 'Bunburying' and a number of hostile encounters with the formidable Lady Bracknell, the pair become embroiled in a web of mistaken identities with hilarious consequences."
• Available for a week here.
• Conducted by Nicola Luisotti, starring Anna Netrebko, Anita Rachvelishvili, and Aleksandrs Antonenko. (Originally broadcast October 6, 2018.)
• Available on the Metropolitan Opera's website
Puccini's La Fanciulla del West
• Conducted by Nicola Luisotti, starring Deborah Voigt, Marcello Giordani, and Lucio Gallo. (Originally broadcast January 8, 2011.)
Verdi's Falstaff
• Conducted by James Levine, starring Lisette Oropesa, Angela Meade, Stephanie Blythe, and Ambrogio Maestri. (Originally broadcast December 14, 2013.)
Wagner's Parsifal
• Conducted by Daniele Gatti, starring Katarina Dalayman, Jonas Kaufmann, Peter Mattei, and René Pape. (Originally broadcast March 2, 2013.)
FLOWERS FOR MRS. HARRIS
• April 9-May 8, 2020
• Theatre: Chichester
• Stage Director: Daniel Evans
• Cast: Clare Burt, Joana Riding, Gary Wilmot
• The 2018 production of Richard Taylor and Rachel Wagstaff's musical Flowers for Mrs Harris, about charwoman Ada Harris, whose first glimpse of a Christian Dior dress changes her life—and the lives of those around her—forever, will be available on Chichester Festival Theatre's website.
Let's do something besides looking out the window, shall we?
• April 9–16, 2020
• Stage Director: Sally Cookson
• Cast: Hannah Bristow, Matthew Churcher
• Sally Cookson's adaptation of the Charlotte Brontë classic was filmed for National Theatre Live in 2017, and will be available on the National Theatre's YouTube channel beginning 3 PM Eastern, April 9.
GOUNOD'S Roméo et Juliette
• Conducted by Gianandrea Noseda, starring Diana Damrau and Vittorio Grigolo. (Originally broadcast January 21, 2017.)
• April 10–11, 2020
• Production: The 2012 U.K. arena tour
• Cast: Ben Forster as Jesus, Tony nominee Tim Minchin as Judas, Spice Girl Melanie C as Mary Magdalene, and Chris Moyles as King Herod.
• Andrew Lloyd Webber and Tim Rice's rock opera will stream on YouTube Channel The Shows Must Go On. Additionally, NBC will re-air its 2018 live presentation of the musical April 12.
DONIZETTI'S DON PASQUALE
• Conducted by James Levine; starring Anna Netrebko, Matthew Polenzani, and Mariusz Kwiecien. (Originally broadcast November 13, 2010.)
MOZART'S Cosi fan tutte
• Conducted by David Robertson; starring Amanda Majeski, Serena Malfi, Kelli O'Hara, Ben Bliss, Adam Plachetka, and Christopher Maltman. (Originally broadcast live March 31, 2018.)
• Theatre: Olivier, London
• Stage Director: Polly Findlay
• Bryony Lavery's adaptation of the Robert Louis Stevenson novel premiered at the National in 2014 and will be available on the National's YouTube channel beginning 3 PM Eastern, April 16.
• Stage Director: Simon Godwin
• Cast: Tamsin Greig
• The 2017 production will be available for a week on the National's YouTube channel beginning at 3 PM Eastern, April 23.
• Theatre: Zach Theater, Austin
• Stage Director: Benjamin Endsley Klein
• Cast: Holland Taylor
• A Great Performances broadcast of Holland Taylor's play about Texas governor Ann Richards on PBS.
Cyprus Avenue (2018)
• Available thru April 26, 2020
• Eric Miller (Stephen Rea) is a Belfast Loyalist. He is experiencing a psychotic episode and mistakes his five-week old granddaughter for Gerry Adams. Generations of sectarian trauma convince him that his cultural heritage is under siege. He must act.
Feeling caged in, like this gal?
Ballet: Peter and the Wolf
• The Royal Opera House will be offering a free program of curated online broadcasts, musical masterclasses and cultural insights that get under the skin of both ballet and opera and offer everyone a unique look behind the scenes at one of the world's most famous cultural institutions.
• Under the watchful gaze of his young assistant, and the threatening presence of a new generation of artists, Mark Rothko takes on his greatest challenge yet: to create a definitive work for an extraordinary setting. Award-winning stage and screen actor Alfred Molina reprises his critically acclaimed performance as the American abstract expressionist painter Mark Rothko. He is joined by rising star Alfred Enoch of US television drama series "How to Get Away With Murder" as his assistant Ken.
V For Victory (2018)
• Available thru May 26, 2020
• 1940, Britain declares war with Germany, war rages on the western front, but what happened to the forgotten occupied island of Jersey? Cut off from Britain, Jersey struggles to come to terms with its new German occupation. When morals, justice and even life itself is put to the test it falls to a group of islanders to stand up for Jersey's honour. But is it all too late?
• "Set in contemporary Georgia with an election race underway, Great Performances: Much Ado About Nothing finds the community of Messina celebrating a break from an ongoing war, but not all is peaceful amid the merriment. Former rivals battle it out, revenge is sought and trickery runs amok in this timeless comedy of romantic retribution and miscommunication."
Present Laughter (2018)
• A self-obsessed actor in the midst of a mid-life crisis juggles a fawning ingenue, a crazed playwright, his ex-wife, and the personal lives of his friends.
The Sound of Music Live! (2015)
• Beloved by generations of audiences worldwide, The Sound of Music tells the inspiring true story of the von Trapp Family Singers and their escape from Austria during the rise of Nazism. Rodgers and Hammerstein's 1959 hit stage musical garnered five Tony Awards, including Best Musical, and the blockbuster 1965 movie adaptation won five Oscars, including Best Picture.
• "One of Shakespeare's greatest plays, The Winter's Tale, though written at the same period as The Tempest, smashes all the rules that The Tempest follows. Unity of time, place and action are hurled aside as we range across Europe, from court to country, from high tragedy to low comedy, across a time span of sixteen years."
• Available now
• "An Israeli violinist. Living in her trendy canal-side Amsterdam apartment. Nine months pregnant. One day a mysterious unpaid gas bill from 1944 arrives. It awakens unsettling feelings of collective identity, foreignness and alienation. Stories of a devastating past are compellingly reconstructed to try and make sense of the present."
Buried Child (2019)
• Sam Shepard's Pulitzer Prize-winning play in a production by The New Group, directed by Scott Elliott. Dodge (Ed Harris) and Halie (Amy Madigan) try to hang on to their farmland and their sanity while caring for their two wayward grown sons (Rich Sommer and Paul Sparks). When their grandson (Nat Wolff) arrives no one seems to recognize him and a secret must be kept. Hosted by Blythe Danner.
Yearning to go out but have to stay at home, like this guy?
Concert: Cynthia Erivo in Concert
• Tony Award-winner Cynthia Erivo presents a soulful evening of song. Originally part of 'Live from Lincoln Center'.
Musical: Eugenius! The Musical (2018)
• Ben Adams and Chris Wilkins' homage to the great sounds and cinema of the 80s reaches across time and space to enchant you whatever your age. Meet Eugene, Janey and Feris as they reach for the stars and discover the superhero inside themselves. With a hilarious script and dynamite original songs that'll be stuck in your head for weeks, this shot of musical adrenaline is like nothing you've heard before.
Incident at Vichy (2016)
• Nine men and a boy are interrogated under suspicious circumstances in Arthur Miller's play "Incident at Vichy," which is set during the Nazi occupation in France during World War II.
Musical: Lin-Manuel Miranda's 21 Chump Street
• Lin-Manuel Miranda turns a piece of reporting broadcast in 2012 into a 14-minute Broadway musical, created by people who normally work on Broadway. Nearly 50 actors, singers, dancers, musicians, and comedians joined Ira Glass onstage at the Brooklyn Academy of Music's Opera House on June 7, 2014, to try some things they'd never tried before. The result? Journalism turned into opera, into plays, into a Broadway musical (by Lin-Manuel Miranda, starring Lindsay Mendez and Anthony Ramos).
Concert: Melissa Errico in 'Sondheim Sublime' (2020)
• For one night only Errico brought her unique vision of Broadway's greatest songwriter to Guild Hall and presents it here to remind us of the power of music to at least try and mend the world.
Myth – A New Rock Musical (2018)
• 'Myth' is a modern retelling of the ancient Greek story of Orpheus and the underworld. Filmed in 2018 on the West End.
Musical: Pippin (1982)
• Pippin, first in line to inherit the throne of King Charlemagne, decides his life is lacking real meaning and accompanied by the ever present Leading Player, sets out to find it. Along the way he encounters love war sex and power to finally realize that his life never was what he thought it was.
School Girls; Or, The American Mean Girls Play (2019)
• Jocelyn Bioh's play explores colorism in this comedy directed by Tony Award winner Rebecca Taichman and produced by MCC Theater. Paulina (MaameYaa Boafo) —the queen bee at an exclusive Ghanan school—is set on competing in the Miss Universe pageant. However, the arrival of Ericka (Joanna A. Jones), an American transfer student, captures the attention of the recruiter along with Paulina's friends.
Musical: Sistas The Musical (2013)
• As four sisters meet in their late grandmother's attic before her funeral, music and memories trace black women's lives from Jim Crow to the 2010s.
Top Story (2013)
• A meteor the size of LA is about to hit LA. While, ironically, in London a couple of friends spend their last seven days watching the news, reinventing chess and rewriting the rules of some of the other games in their universe. In his darkly hilarious and poignant new comedy, Sebastian Michael imagines The End of the World not as a disaster movie, but as experienced by two young men from the comfort of their sofa. Getting ready, as best they can, to die together, the enormity of what's about to happen completely overwhelms them. However, it also brings out in them a whole burst of creative energy. Hence, they inadvertently become its co-authors, while in a dimension far beyond their imagination, their soul-mates-in-spirit are having something of an unexpected ball…
Let's celebrate after this is all over, shall we?
If you are interested in virtual tours for famous museums instead, head on over to here.
| Tags: Boredom, Free Ballets, Free Concerts, Free Live Stream Broadcasts, Free Musicals, Free Operas, Free Plays, Quarantine
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Lyr, eller Lyrön är en ö i Tegneby socken utanför Orust i Bohuslän.

Ön har en yta på 857 hektar (8,57 km²) och hade 160 åretruntboende 2006. Bilfärjeförbindelsen Lyrleden finns norrut med Lyresten på Orust sedan 1952.

Lyr har varit bebodd så långt tillbaka som stenåldern. Här finns hövdingagravar och gravrösen från Bronsåldern. Bland dessa märks bland annat det vackert belägna Ängerös, som återfinns strax norr om den naturliga hamnen Ängehamn. På västra sidan av ön, i nuvarande Brevik, fanns under 1600-talet fiskeläget Lyreleje. Det övergavs senare, och numera återstår inget av den bebyggelsen.

Under 1800- och 1900-talet var den huvudsakliga näringen jordbruk, med fiske och båtbyggeri som bisysslor.

Referenser

Vidare läsning

Orusts kommun
Bohusläns öar

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Dielectric oil serves as insulating material and cooling medium in transformers, oil circuit breakers, etc. In operation oil is in constant contact with substances and elements of electrical equipment. This constant contact with metals accelerates oil's oxidation process. The most oxidation causes copper and its alloys. Also metal surfaces corroding accelerate oil oxidation further. Exposure to high temperatures overheats transformer, leads to decomposition of oil resulting in sludge formation. With temperature increasing – corrosion of metals increases too. The speed of corrosion depends on chemical composition of oil, moisture and oxygen. With temperature rising proportionally giving off gases in oil, that also negatively affects the physicochemical properties of dielectric fluid. With time oil loses its dielectric strength. If appropriate measures are not taken – oil acquires black color. Insulation of all kinds affects oil negatively. Sealing rubber has a similar effect. Influence of electric fields has a negative impact on oil. With increase of temperature electric fields intensify. A simultaneous impact of temperature and electric field leads to more intensive oil aging and increase the amount of sludge. It is necessary to regularly monitor transformer oil and carry out filtration in order to avoid negative consequences like emergency situations as well as failures of costly electrical equipment. GlobeCore manufactures and supplies equipment for purification of transformer, industrial, turbine and other types of oils. GlobeCore oil recycling plants are convenient, practical and functional. Their operation is not accompanied by harmful emissions into atmosphere. In addition, they consume minimal power, helping to save on expenses.