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The different development of the anisotropic upper critical field in MgB2 by aluminum and carbon doping
M. Angst S. L. Bud'ko R. H. T. Wilke P. C. Canfield Ames Laboratory and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University,Ames,IA 50011,USA
The temperature dependence of the upper critical field, Hc2, for both field directions in partially substituted polycrystalline MgB2 was determined. Whereas the suppression of Tc is similar for aluminum and carbon substituted samples, Hc2 is affected by the substitution in profoundly different ways. In the case of Al substitution changes can tentatively be described by intrinsic effects (shift of the Fermi level). In the C substituted samples, Hc2 is increased drastically, and extrinsic effects (disorder) have to play a major role. The strong contrast between the two substitutions is discussed, taking into account three relevant scattering rates.
pacs:
74.25.Op, 74.20.De, 74.25.Ha, 74.70.Ad
An unusual temperature dependence of the anisotropic upper critical field, Hc2, is one of the major consequences of two-band superconductivity as realized in magnesium diboride MgB2. Angst03Nova To further explore properties of a given compound it is often helpful to consider the effects of partial chemical substitutions. In the case of MgB2, partial substitutions with many elements have been attempted, but only two elements are widely recognized to enter the structure: aluminum replacing magnesium, Slusky01 and carbon replacing boron. Ribeiro03
Both substitutions dope the material with additional electrons, which should similarly affect the superconducting properties, at least to the extent that a rigid band approximation works. According to the detailed band structure calculations Kortus01 ; An01 ; Mazin03 electron doping most drastically affects the σ bands, which are nearly filled. Furthermore, any partial substitution by small amounts of an additional element increases chemical disorder, leading to increased scattering. In the two-band superconductor MgB2, at least three different scattering rates have to be distinguished, Mazin02 and the different substitution sites Mg (by Al) and B (by C) are likely to influence these scattering rates in drastically different ways. In general, the upper critical field, Hc2, is influenced by electron-phonon coupling (EPC), Fermi velocities, and by the mean free path, ℓ. EPC and Fermi velocities are intrinsic properties altered by electron doping, while ℓ is a function of scattering. It will be interesting to compare the doping and temperature dependence of Hc2 with substitutions on either the Mg or the B site. This may help in separating electron doping and scattering effects of partial substitutions.
In the case of the B site substitution by carbon a number of studies have presented measurements of Hc2 on polycrystalline materials Ribeiro03 ; Holanova04 ; Wilke04 and in a limited range on single crystals. Lee03 ; Masui04 ; noteOhmichi04 ; Pissas04 ; Puzniak04 ; Kazakov04 All studies agree in significant enhancements of Hc2, and the studies on single crystals also indicate a decrease of the Hc2 anisotropy γH≡H∥abc2/H∥cc2. Fewer Hc2 studies exist for Mg site substitution by aluminum, and there is a considerable spread of given values between them. Putti04b ; Putti04 ; Kang04b
Here, we present a comparison of H∥cc2 and H∥abc2 measured with the same technique on aluminum and carbon substituted polycrystalline MgB2 with various substitution levels, prepared from the same Mg and (partly) B starting materials with similar procedures. As a function of electron doping, a similar decrease of both the transition temperature, Tc, and the upper critical field anisotropy, γH, contrasts with the dramatically different development of the magnitude of Hc2: Whereas the behavior of the upper critical field in the case of Al substitution can be understood as resulting from a shift of the Fermi level, an increase in scattering has to be taken into account to explain the large increase of Hc2 upon C substitution. We briefly discuss this different effect on scattering by C and Al substitution.
We investigated carbon substituted polycrystalline MgB2 samples prepared in two different ways: We synthesized Mg(B0.9C0.1)2 at 1200∘C using Mg and B4C as starting materials, as described in Ref. Ribeiro03, . For low C substitution levels, filaments already studied in Ref. Wilke04, were ground to powder. In the case of aluminum substitution, chemical inhomogeneities are difficult to avoid. Inhomogeneities lead to transition broadening detrimental particularly to the determination of H∥cc2. In order to maximize sample homogeneity, we tried several techniques, including pre-alloying Mg and Al, and using AlB2 and AlB12 as Al source. However, the best results were obtained with a two-step synthesis at high temperatures. First, synthesis at constant temperatures from 1000 to 1200∘C from the elements in stoichiometric quantities for up to 10 days, followed by cooling to room temperature in streaming water produced material with large inhomogeneities as visible in x-ray diffraction pattern and particularly in the superconducting transition. In order to improve homogeneity, we finely ground and thoroughly mixed the products of the above synthesis, pressed them into pellets, and then heated them for a second time to 1200∘C for 10 days.
Powder x-ray measurements on MgB2 samples substituted with up to 20% Al indicate no phase separation, shifts in the lattice parameters close to literature values, Putti03 and a moderate peak broadening suggesting small variations in the Al content throughout the samples. The broadening becomes significant for Mg0.7Al0.3B2. For this composition, additional small peaks suggest the presence of MgB2 and MgAlB4 minority phases. The superconducting transition in zero field was measured resistively (on the 60 to 70% dense pellets) and by magnetization measurements in 20Oe (after powdering the samples and mixing with epoxy). The magnetization measurements on isolated powder particles makes any Tc variations within the sample well visible as an onset broadening [Fig. 1a)]. The effective Tc was defined as the crossing point of the steepest slope of the field cooled M(T) with the M=0 axis [Fig. 1b)]. The height of the "sliver" in the onset above this temperature is a measure for the amount of material with higher Tc due to locally less Al substitution. Such a variation is present in Al substituted samples, but rather small.
Figure 1: a) Magnetization M vs temperature T in 20Oe (both zero field cooled and field cooled) of Al or C substituted polycrystalline MgB2 samples b) Transition temperature Tc vs number of additional electrons per unit cell due to Al (full symbols) or C (open symbols) substitution. The open square is from Ref. Puzniak04, .
The polycrystalline upper critical field, which corresponds to H∥abc2, was determined from resistivity and magnetization in applied fields up to 140kOe and 70kOe, respectively. In the overlapping field region, the results agree within error bars. The results on the C substituted samples are also in agreement with the results of Refs. Holanova04, and Wilke04, . The "minimum upper critical fields" (H∥cc2) were established with a method developed by Bud'ko and coworkers. Budko01b ; Budko02 On unsubstituted polycrystalline MgB2, this method yielded similar results Budko02 on the temperature dependent anisotropy as measurements MgB2anisPRL02 performed on single crystals. Materials were ground to a fine powder and mixed with epoxy. The minimum upper critical field is then visible as pronounced features in the derivatives of the magnetization as a function of temperature or field (see inset of Fig. 2). As an example, the resulting upper critical field of Mg0.9Al0.1B2 is shown in Fig. 2. For this sample, H∥cc2(0)≃29kOe is slightly higher than H∥cc2(0)≃25kOe measured with the same method on an unsubstituted sample. Budko02 The significance of the increase is questionable, taking into account that even on unsubstituted single crystals from the same source H∥cc2(0) with values of 28kOe (Ref. MgB2anislow, ) up to 31kOe (Ref. MgB2anisPRL02, ) were observed. We note that our result is significantly lower than the value of 52kOe reported for a Mg0.88Al0.12B2 single crystal. Kang04b The upper critical field parallel to the layers on the other hand, H∥abc2(0)≃127kOe, is significantly lower than corresponding measurements on unsubstituted MgB2. Our result is moderately higher than the results reported in Refs. Putti04, and Kang04b, , significantly higher than those reported in Ref. Putti04b, . Parts of the discrepancies might be related to different amounts of impurity scattering (see discussion below), whereas other parts may originate from different inhomogeneities in the Al distribution.
Figure 2: Upper critical field Hc2 of Mg0.9Al0.1B2. Inset: Second derivative d2M/dH2 of the magnetization as a function of field H at different temperatures on Mg0.9Al0.1B2. The location of the minimum upper critical field (cf. Ref. Budko02, ), i.e., H∥cc2, is indicated by arrows.
The analysis on the aluminum doped samples with up to 20% Al substitution noteLi02 yields the following picture: Al substitution first slightly increases, then slightly decreases H∥cc2 (essentially constant), whereas Hc2 parallel to the layers monotonically decreases (Fig. 3, closed symbols). The decrease of H∥abc2 is roughly linearly, extrapolating to 0 for ∼30% Al substitution.
Figure 3: Zero temperature upper critical field vs number of additional electrons per unit cell due to Al (full symbols) or C (open symbols) substitution. Grey symbols are unsubstituted MgB2. a) H∥cc2(0). b) H∥abc2(0). Squares in both panels are single crystal results from Refs. Puzniak04, and MgB2anisPRL02, , open circles in panel a) are from Refs. Holanova04, and Wilke04, .
The decrease of H∥abc2 and the almost constant behavior of H∥cc2 suggests that disorder may not be important in determining the Hc2 development with Al substitution. In unsubstituted MgB2, clean limit (two-band) theoretical calculations Miranovic03 ; Dahm03 compare rather favorably with experimental data. MgB2PhyC ; Dahm03 These calculations as well as phenomenological considerations Angst03Nova indicate that in the low temperature limit the π bands are not important for determining Hc2: Hc2(0) is mostly determined by the σ bands, as first suggested by Bud'ko and coworkers. Budko01b The upper critical field is related to the coherence length, ξ, through Hc2∝ξ−2. In the clean limit at zero temperature, ignoring the difference between GL and BCS coherence length, ξ is related to the superconducting gap and Fermi velocities by ξ∝vF/Δ, and the Fermi velocity anisotropy determines the anisotropy of ξ. Here, vF (Δ) is defined as the root-mean-squared wave vector dependent Fermi velocity (superconducting gap), averaged over the Fermi surface (in the case here over the σ sheets of the Fermi surface). We may then approximate
H∥cc2(0)∝(Δσ(0)/v∥abF,σ)2,γH(0)=v∥abF,σ/v∥cF,σ. (1)
Apart from disorder effects due to the partial substitution, Al doping modifies charge distribution and decreases the lattice constants (c in particular). Pena02 The main effect, however, is to dope the system with additional electrons, resulting in a shift of the Fermi level, EF, to higher energies. For substitution levels well below 30%, where EF reaches the σ band edge at the Γ point, Pena02 the changes in the electronic structure are well approximated within a rigid band model. The increase of EF decreases the density of states (DOS) at EF and modifies the band averaged Fermi velocities, primarily in the σ bands. Mazin03 For moderate substitution levels, the out-of-plane σ Fermi velocity, v∥cF,σ, remains approximately constant, whereas the in-plane σ Fermi velocity, v∥abF,σ, substantially decreases. According to Eq. (1) this lowers the Hc2 anisotropy and increases H∥cc2. However, the decreased DOS at EF weakens the electron-phonon coupling, resulting in decreased superconducting gaps and Tc (c.f. Fig. 1). The additional effects of the substitution on the phonons Renker02 complicate the theoretical analysis of the development of Δσ and Δπ with substitution level, and experimental reports on the gap development are sparse as of yet. Putti03 ; Putti04 ; Gonnelli04b As an approximation, we can use the experimental values of the transition temperature shown in figure 1, and assume Δσ∝Tc.
The combination of the decreased Δσ and also decreased v∥abF,σ results in little change of H∥cc2 as estimated by Eq. (1), in accordance with the experiment. The calculation also yields the substantial decrease of H∥abc2 and of the anisotropy γH observed experimentally. For the out-of-plane upper critical fields of Mg1−xAlxB2, a similar, but slightly more detailed analysis was recently presented by Putti and coworkers. Putti04 The fact that the experimental development of the upper critical field can be accounted for by the clean limit formula (1) clearly suggests that effects of increased scattering are not relevant in our samples of Mg1−xAlxB2 at low substitution levels. This is different from recently presented results on single crystal samples, where scattering in the π bands seems to be larger. Kang04b
Figure 4: Upper critical field anisotropy γH vs temperature T, for unsubstituted, aluminum substituted, and carbon substituted MgB2. The results from 6.3% C substituted (single crystalline) MgB2 are from Ref. Puzniak04, .
The development of Hc2 with partial carbon substitution is also shown in Fig. 3 (open symbols). Our results, which agree qualitatively with the limited results on single crystals available, Lee03 ; Masui04 ; Pissas04 ; Puzniak04 ; Kazakov04 show a drastic increase of Hc2 both parallel and perpendicular to the layers, in contrast to the Al substitution case. The increase of H∥cc2 is monotonous in the substitution range measured, whereas H∥abc2 peaks somewhat below 400kOe for C substitution levels around 5%. Figure 4 displays the temperature dependent Hc2 anisotropy for C substituted, Al substituted, and unsubstituted MgB2. Where H∥abc2>140kOe, H∥abc2 results from Refs. Holanova04, and Wilke04, have been utilized to calculate γH(T). With the exception of Mg(B0.9C0.1)2 and Mg0.8Al0.2B2, where the T dependence of γH is not obvious, a substantial decrease of γH with increasing T is seen for all samples. In accordance with the explanation of the γH(T) dependence in unsubstituted MgB2 this indicates that two band effects are still relevant for both Al and C substituted MgB2 for moderate substitution levels. The preservation of two distinct superconducting gaps has indeed been observed directly on both Al and C substituted MgB2. Ribeiro03 ; Putti03 ; Samuely03 ; Schmidt03 ; Putti04 ; Holanova04b ; Gonnelli04b It is expected for moderate substitution levels from band structure calculations, but also implies that interband scattering cannot be substantially increased by partial substitutions of either of these elements. The anisotropy monotonically decreases with increasing substitution level, down to about 2 for the samples with the highest levels of substitution studied. This decrease is rather similar for substitutions by Al and C. This indicates that as far as the Hc2 anisotropy is concerned, the main effect of carbon substitution is (as in the case of Al substitution) a decreased anisotropy of vF,σ originating from the shifted Fermi level. The Tc depression (Fig. 1) is also similar for Al and C substitution, suggesting that this too may originate mainly from the shift of EF and similar changes of phonon modes.
However, the drastically different Hc2 magnitude in C substituted samples cannot be explained within this picture. The difference to the Al substitution case is far too large to be accounted for by different behavior of the lattice constants or phonon modes, particularly given the above similarities in Tc and γH vs electron doping level. Rather, the very strong increase of Hc2 points to the relevance of scattering in the case of carbon substitution. Due to the two band nature of superconductivity, three different scattering rates have to be taken into account: interband scattering and intraband scattering in the σ and π bands. Mazin02 We note that the observation of constant Δσ/Δπ ratios by spectroscopic means Holanova04b indicate that the interband scattering rate is hardly affected by moderate levels of C substitution and may be neglected as in unsubstituted MgB2. However, a recent point contact study on MgB2 crystals containing high C substitution levels suggest that the interband scattering rate may be important, particularly for high substitution levels. Gonnelli04 Calculations within "intraband dirty limit" Gurevich03 ; Golubov03 can indeed explain very drastic increases of Hc2, much larger than in single band superconductors.
These dirty limit calculations also yield a temperature dependent Hc2 anisotropy, like the clean limit calculations do. However, here the T dependence of γH also depends on the ratio of the scattering in the anisotropic σ and in the nearly isotropic π bands. If the intraband scattering is much larger in the σ bands than in the π bands, a decreasing γH(T) dependence is expected, whereas the opposite case results in an increasing γH(T) dependence. Starting from the unsubstituted MgB2 with a decreasing γH(T) dependence, a low level partial substitution mainly increasing the σ(π) bands scattering, should lead to a more(less) pronounced γH(T) dependence. As we can see from Fig. 4, the γH(T) dependence becomes less pronounced upon increasing the substitution level. Comparing C and Al substitution, the decrease of the T dependence seems rather similar, indicating that it is mostly due to the intrinsic changes discussed above, rather than disorder. For the same electron doping levels, the γH(T) variation is somewhat less strong for the carbon substitution case. This indicates that upon C doping the scattering is increased more in the π bands than in the σ bands. A similar conclusion was reached for a 6.3% C substituted single crystal Puzniak04 and for thin films containing carbon. Gurevich04 ; Braccini04 For a more quantitative analysis, a theory treating clean-limit (electron doping) and dirty-limit (scattering) effects on an equal footing would be highly desirable.
The effect of higher π band scattering also manifests itself in the form of the Hc2 curves, most visibly for H∥c. In extreme cases this leads to a positive curvature of H∥cc2(T) at low T. Gurevich03 ; Gurevich04 In contrast to "dirty films" results Gurevich04 ; Braccini04 we did not observe such a positive curvature, but compared to unsubstituted MgB2, the negative curvature of H∥cc2(T) was significantly decreased for the C substituted samples. For 10% C substituted MgB2, H∥cc2(T) was found to be almost linear at low temperatures. The tendency of decreased negative curvature of H∥cc2 with increasing C substitution is also seen in single crystal measurements Masui04 ; Puzniak04 ; Kazakov04 and supports the conclusion of mainly additional scattering in the π bands causing the Hc2 enhancement. In contrast, in the Al substituted samples, the Hc2(T) curvature is not significantly affected (cf. Fig. 2), again indicating less π band scattering.
To account for an upper critical field that is much larger in C substituted MgB2, C substitution has to increase scattering in the π bands more relative to the σ bands, and much more than Al substitution does. That a substitution within the boron layers would increase scattering more than a Mg site substitution is hardly a surprise. It is, however, surprising that the increase in the scattering is predominantly in the intraband scattering in the isotropic π bands. In partly C substituted thin films, the effects of increased π band scattering are much larger (as visible both in the Hc2(T) curve forms and in the T dependence of the anisotropy). This scattering has been attributed to a buckling of the ab planes, tentatively due to nanophase precipitates. Gurevich04 ; Braccini04 However, such precipitates are unlikely to be present in our polycrystalline samples or in single crystals, and we therefore conclude that an increase of the π bands scattering is an intrinsic property of C substitution. This is in contrast to the aluminum substitution case, where considerable variations of the significance of π bands scattering exist for different samples. note_Carrington A recent first principles electronic structure study Kasinathan04 on C substituted MgB2, taking into account disorder effects, found a larger reduction of the mean free path in the σ bands, which is in contrast to our analysis. However, there are a variety of effects that are more involved to include in a calculation, e.g., carbon induced local distortions in the structure, as suggested by a single crystal x-ray diffraction study. Kazakov04 Since the large increase of Hc2 in C substituted MgB2 and related scattering rates are important for potential applications, additional theoretical studies are clearly desirable, as would be a clear experimental demonstration of a procedure boosting scattering mainly in the σ bands.
In conclusion, whereas the development of Hc2 with partial aluminum substitution can be understood within a simple rigid band picture, disorder effects are responsible for the large enhancement of the Hc2 magnitude of carbon substituted MgB2. In contrast, the development of the Hc2 anisotropy and Tc are remarkably similar for the two substitutions. Scattering within the π bands is increased much more by carbon than by aluminum substitution, and more than scattering in the σ bands. The origin of this is yet to be resolved.
We thank V. P. Antropov, V. G. Kogan, and S. A. Law for useful discussions. Ames Laboratory is operated for the U.S. Department of Energy by Iowa State University under Contract W-7405-Eng-82. This work was supported by the Director for Energy Research, Office of Basic Energy Sciences. MA gratefully acknowledges financial support by the Swiss National Science Foundation.
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(39) To a lesser extent, such variations in the scattering rates from sample to sample are observed even in single crystals of unsubstituted MgB2. See, e.g., A. Carrington, P. J. Meeson, J. R. Cooper, L. Balicas, N. E. Hussey, E. A. Yelland, S. Lee, A. Yamamoto, S. Tajima, S. M. Kazakov, and J. Karpinski, Phys. Rev. Lett. 91, 037003 (2003).
(40) D. Kasinathan, K.-W. Lee, and W. E. Pickett, cond-mat/0409563 (unpublished).
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Broadway Junction es un complejo de estaciones del metro de Nueva York compartida por la línea elevada Canarsie y la línea Jamaica, y la línea subterránea de la Calle Fulton. La estación está localizada cerca de la intersección de Broadway y de la Calle Fulton, y la Avenida Van Sinderen en East New York, Brooklyn. El área de la oficina de cobro está localizada en el extremo occidental de la estación de la línea de la Calle Fulton.

Línea Canarsie

Broadway Junction en la línea Canarsie tiene dos vías, una plataforma central, y una plataforma lateral. Los trenes con dirección a Manhattan usan la plataforma central mientras que los trenes con dirección a Canarsie usan la plataforma lateral. Sin embargo, este último puede utilizar la plataforma central, si es necesario.

Esta estación es una de las plataformas elevadas más altas en la ciudad, situada encima de la elevada línea Jamaica.

Línea Jamaica

Broadway Junction en la línea Jamaica tiene tres vías y dos plataformas laterales; la vía central ya no se usa. En cada extremo de la estación hay conexiones con el East New York Yard. Los trenes que van y vienen desde ese lugar terminan y empiezan en esta estación. Anteriormente la estación se llamaba Eastern Parkway, nombrada así por una salida homónima.

Línea de la Calle Fulton

Broadway Junction en la línea de la Calle Fulton, anteriormente llamada Broadway/East New York, tiene cuatro vías y dos plataformas centrales. El control de tarifas se encuentra en el extremo de la estación con dirección a Brooklyn; esta entrada también funciona para los trenes de los servicios ,  y  vía escaleras desde la calle hacia el nivel elevado. También la estación cuenta con un precinto policial localizado en el entrepiso.

Historia
El nombre de Manhattan Junction o Manhattan Beach Junction fue aplicada a la estación en lo que ahora es la línea Jamaica cuando abrió en 1885; el área había sido conocida como Manhattan Beach Crossing desde ese entonces, debido al cruce del Manhattan Beach Division del  Ferrocarril de Long Island.

El nombre cambió de Manhattan Junction a Broadway Junction en 1913.

Conexiones de autobuses
 B20
 B25
 B83
 Q24
 Q56

Referencias

Enlaces externos

 Station Reporter — Broadway Junction complex

Estaciones del Metro de Nueva York
Estaciones de la línea Canarsie
Estaciones de la línea de la Calle Fulton
Transporte de Brooklyn
Arquitectura de Estados Unidos de 1946
Terminales del Metro de Nueva York
Estaciones de la línea Jamaica
Estaciones de la línea de la Calle Fulton BMT
Estaciones de ferrocarril de Estados Unidos inauguradas en 1928
Arquitectura de 1885
Bedford-Stuyvesant
East New York
Estaciones de Metro de Estados Unidos inauguradas en los años 1940

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Generally speaking, the work of a locksmith does not only deal with the security lock system of residential properties. He also covers the commercial and automotive security needs of the clients. On this note, one of the major qualities of a very good Novato Locksmith service provider is it capability to offer all-around services that do not only focus on one area. It should have security solutions catered to the needs of transportation facilities, house and other kinds of abode as well as commercial buildings and offices.
Apparently, it is a bit difficult to find a locksmith company that provides a wide range of locksmith solutions, especially when you are currently living in Novato. If for instance, you were able to find such firm, then you would have problems with its expensive prices. It can really take so much of your time to look for the right provider.
But if you come across the 7 Day Locksmith, then your search has finally ended. You have found your locksmith company that has various kinds of services, and the best thing is that we offer them at affordable prices. We have locksmith solutions for your residential needs, which include lock changes for the whole house, high-security lock installations, lock repairs, emergency lockout services, and even lock repairs and installations for the garage.
Moreover, we have locksmith services for commercial properties like offices and manufacturing warehouses. They need security and protection because they usually have important business documents. Our services for this area include keyless entry system development, grade 1 lock installation, key duplications, and key replacements.
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Your house is the place where you feel the safest. And the best thing you can do to ensure your safety and the other people living with you is to check the door and window locks of your house. You have to make sure that their locks are durable and hard to break. If they no longer function accordingly and you see that they can easily be compromised, then it is time for you to have them fixed or upgraded. But how do you know if they have to be changed already? To answer such question, here are the signs that you should look for.
*One of the most evident signs is when your key always gets stuck inside the lock, making it difficult for you to take it out. The best and the most convenient solution to this issue is to apply cleaning or lubricating oil, reducing the friction when the key is in contact with the internal parts of the lock. But if the oil does not work, then it is time for you to call a Locksmith Novato to have the lock changed.
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*Considering that locks are generally made of metal, they become rusty, especially when you exposed them in an open air. In cases when your locks get rusty, it usually implies that the internal parts have been damaged already. If you have rusty locks, then have them changed already.
Although we have well-trained locksmiths to work on our services, not all of them are an expert in commercial locksmithing. This area of specialization is different from a residential and automotive solutions because it deals with a lot of security details. It also covers bigger and more complex space than dealing with a house or a car.
*Commercial locksmiths have special skills in determining what type of locks you need for your business security necessities. They know how to install these locking mechanisms properly, making sure that they can't easily be broken. They also know how to secure the entrance going to your office and develop a code combination for your safe, which contains your cash and other important business and financial documents.
*Commercial locksmiths know how to use the latest, state-of-the-art locks that are ideal for your business properties. They can manage biometric sensors and electronic locks as well as develop keyless entry systems. And as one of the best commercial locksmith service providers, 7 Day Locksmith has the necessary resources that can handle any size of commercial property.
It is a great hassle to get yourself locked outside your car in the middle of the night. It is even much worse if you are not yet home and you have no place to stay until the morning. But as your Locksmith Novato CA, we want to tell you that you do not have to wait for the sun to rise in order to open your car. We provide you with automotive locksmith services that you can avail, not only at affordable prices, but also 24 hours a day and seven days a week.
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Home / Inspirational Gifts - Best Sellers / Happy Mail Subscription, Inspirational Gifts, Inspirational Postcards, Meaningful Friendship Gifts!
This Happy Mail subscription is bursting with positive vibes!
Perfect if you're looking for meaningful friendship gifts, something to keep yourself inspired or gifts for somebody going through a hard time this will do the trick!
Pictures shown are of this months Happy Mail Envelopes! What you see is what you get!
This set of mini books includes over 75 individually designed quotes by us as well as stunning imagery from Ireland. Each book has 32 pages, 26 quotes and 7 complimenting photographs.
Each book has a different vibe - catering for the natural ups and downs of life but the set has a gentle encouraging feel overall. Their unique size means you can always have an Itty Bitty Book to hand, one could even fit in your wallet!
Inspiration Box is posted in a strong brown postage box that fits through a regular letterbox.
We only use local eco printers based here in Ireland and our books are printed using environmentally friendly inks and production methods. They are finished by hand and packaged in our studio.
All Itty Bitty books are printed on a superior 190gsm uncoated paper for the highest quality and ensured colour vibrancy with a beautiful matt finish. The covers are 350gsm card, matt laminated to add durability, the finish is lovely and silky to the touch. There are 32 pages in total plus covers. Book size is 60 x 60mm (2.3 x 2.3 inches).
Please note that the books will not lie flat when open, if you force the book to open flat it will damage the spine.
・ A mini Book of Strength filled with gentle, encouraging quotes! For a peek inside and more details you can see the set of 3 book listing here.
・ 2 postcards with 'Believe in yourself' & 'Keep moving forward' designs.
・ A greetings card with a gentle 'breathe' design.
・ 3 double sided mini prints which are high quality and matt laminated.
✒ If you'd like a personal note included - just let me know in the notes to seller section of the checkout.
Our full range of gift boxes can be found here.
All products arrive in a sturdy Postage Box.
Contents is carefully wrapped in crepe paper with an extra quote attachted to the top. Bubble wrap is added for protection, book is placed in a pillow box and it's all sent in a sturdy cardboard mailing box (which easily fits through letterboxes).
Whether you are naturally happy or fighting to grasp more 'happy person' moments - this tee is for you.
We believe everyone deserves to be happy & that the more we focus on happiness, the more we'll find!
・ Tees are gender neutral and classic shape. Can be dressed up or worn casually.
・ Design is by Al and screen printed locally.
・ Fabric is 99% cotton, 1% polyester (lovely & soft!).
・ As with all our products, you may return or exchange any Tee within 14 days of purchase, for any reason.
All products arrive in a sturdy Postage Box. Our boxes easily fit through standard letterboxes, so you don't need to worry about being at home when it's delivered.
No invoice/receipt or price information is included in the box so it's perfect to post directly to the recipient as a gift.
・ Children's sizes are 3-4yrs, 5-6yrs, 7-9yrs & 9-11yrs.
Encouraging Gift Box - New Job, Fitness Motivation, Inspiring Uni Gift.
・ A mini Book of Encouragement filled with supportive, inspiring quotes! For a peek inside and more details you can see the set of 3 book listing here.
・ 2 postcards with 'Purpose' & 'What would you do' designs.
・ A greetings card with a encouraging 'Believe' design.


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L2, L2, L02, L II, L.2 or L-2 may refer to:

Astronomy
 L2 point, second Lagrangian point in a two body orbiting system
 L2 Puppis, star which is also known as HD 56096
 Advanced Telescope for High Energy Astrophysics, a proposed X-ray telescope

Biology
 Haplogroup L2 (mtDNA) in human genetics
 ATC code L02 Endocrine therapy, a subgroup of the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System
 the second lumbar vertebrae of the vertebral column in human anatomy
 the second larval stage in the Caenorhabditis elegans worm development

Computing
 L2 cache, the Level-2 CPU cache in a computer
 Layer 2 of the OSI model, in computer networking
 L2 (operating system), or Liedtke 2 (a.k.a. EUMEL/ELAN), a persistent microkernel operating system developed by German computer scientist Jochen Liedtke
 L2 (programming language)
 ISO/IEC 8859-2 (Latin-2), an 8-bit character encoding

Entertainment
 L2 (music group), an American pop duo
 Leprechaun 2, 1994 film
 Lineage II, a MMO game
 Lumines II, a puzzle game

Mathematics
 The L2 space of square-integrable functions
 L2 norm
 The ℓ2 space of square-summable sequences
 L2 cohomology, a cohomology theory for smooth non-compact manifolds with Riemannian metric

Technology and weapons
 a variety of low-alloy special purpose steel
 a L-carrier cable system developed by AT&T
 a series of fragmentation hand grenades used by the British armed forces (American M61 copies), before being replaced by the L109 grenade
 the L designation given to the Sterling submachine gun in the British armed forces
 a frequency used in GPS satellite navigation signals, see GPS signals, a newer version is the L2C frequency

Transportation

Aircraft
 LZ 18 (L 2), a short-lived 1913 German airship (Imperial Navy designation: L 2)
 Arado L II, a 1929 German model of high-wing sporting monoplane
 ASJA L2, a pair of 1932 Swedish trainer biplanes
 Lawson L-2, a 1920 American biplane airliner
 Macchi L.2, an Italian model of biplane flying boat
 L-2 Grasshopper, an American Taylorcraft model used in WWII
 PZL Ł.2, a 1929 Polish model of liaison aircraft

Aviation
 Junkers L2, an engine model; precursor to the Junkers L5
 Lynden Air Cargo, Alaskan airline (IATA code: L2)
 Walker County Airport (or Bevill Field), Alabama, U.S. (former FAA LID: L02)

Rail locomotives
 Chesapeake and Ohio Class L-2 and L-2a, an American 4-6-4 "Hudson" type steam locomotives model
 Milwaukee Road class L2, an American 2-8-2 "Mikado" type steam locomotive
 SP&S Class L-2, an 1881 steam locomotives class
 LNER Class L2, a 1925 class of 2-6-4Ts

Other modes of transport
 L2 (New York City bus), a temporary bus route in New York City, U.S.
 The Randwick branch of the CBD and South East Light Rail in Sydney, Australia, numbered L2

Other uses
 Second language (L2), a non-native, acquired tongue of an individual
 L², a Flemish political youth organization
 L-2 visa, a U.S. travel document for dependents of temporary workers
 a class of FM radio broadcasting in North America
 Ligue 2, a French association football league
 L2 Inc, an Americanmarket research company

See also
 2L (disambiguation)
 LII (disambiguation)
 Level 2 (disambiguation)


***** (five stars) 'This is invigorating stuff, with a wonderful bonus of being entirely family-friendly without sacrificing its political edge'.
'Terrific… It will do what good theatre should do…leave you talking afterwards. That is what I call a full theatre experience'.
Set in a dystopian time where language is rationed, a sentence can get you sentenced and the silent are rising, our young hero Orhan discovers that a word can change the world.


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Lupita Nyong'o Set To Star in 3 New Movies
By Ken / Friday, 16 May 2014 06:23AM / Leave a Comment / Tags: lupita
Oscar-winning actress Lupita Nyong'o and Rachel McAdams are currently in talks to star in the upcoming drama film about boxing, "Southpaw," Cinema Blend wrote.
The film will be directed by Antoine Fuqua with rapper Eminem originally playing the lead character. But as developments of the project pushed through, the role for the film's lead went to Jake Gyllenhaal.
Gyllenhaal will play a welterweight boxer who has experienced a downfall in his professional boxing career. The film will center on the character's struggles to improve his career as he battles with substance abuse.
Apart from the three actors mentioned, "Southpaw" will also feature Forest Whitaker, who is said to portray former boxing champion Totus "Tick" Willis. After retiring from boxing, Willis tried to become a trainer but the sudden death of his child prevented him from doing so.
McAdams is being groomed for the lead female role in the film. Although no details have been released about her role as of late, Cinema Blend opined that the actress will play the love interest of Gyllenhaal's character.
As for Nyong'o, the "12 Years a Slave" breakout star, she is to portray a social worker who cares for the main character's daughter in the film. Her profession will eventually lead her to become involved in the life of the fallen boxer.
The director of the upcoming project is yet to announce a possible release date.
Aside from "Southpaw," Nyong'o is also expected to appear in the crime thriller "Who Shot The Sheriff." Additionally, Lupita is also to take part as one of the voices in John Favreau's live-action film "The Jungle Book," alongside Scarlett Johansson and Idris Elba. Nyong'o will be the voice of Raksha, the mother wolf who cared for the story's protagonist, Mowgli.
McAdams, on the other hand, is set to appear on the big screen soon for the upcoming thriller "A Most Wanted Man," where she plays lead alongside the late Philip Seymour Hoffman. As for Whitaker, he is joining Liam Neeson in the third installment of the "Taken" films.
– Fashiontimes.com
Zetech College Alumni Dinner Tonight
Citizen TV Reporter Jacque Maribe Gives Birth To a Baby Boy

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The People and Performance team manage the full life cycle of employees. From the initial stages of recruitment and contracting, onboarding, professional development and performance management, through to payroll, injury management and return to work programs, wellbeing programs, diversity and inclusion programs, succession planning, and exit management.
As a School that is committed to the learning and development of all of our students, we are passionate about ensuring the same focus is given to all AFTRS team members. We do this by ensuring that we have the right culture and opportunities at AFTRS to ensure that all employees have the best experience whilst here and are supported to achieve the next steps in their career – regardless of whether that is with us, working for themselves or with another employer.


The Central Park West-West 73rd-74th Street Historic District runs along the north side of 73rd street and the south side of 74th street between Central Park West and Columbus Avenue. Development of this block began in the 1880s.
Late 19th-century town houses, some designed by Henry J. Hardenbergh, architect of the Dakota, line the streets of this district. Early covenants specified setbacks and height restrictions. The district is comprised of Beaux-Arts and Neo-Georgian row houses and a neo-Gothic apartment building. The 1904-1907 Langham, a large Beaux-Arts luxury apartment building, is also in the district.


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Showing: 13 July 2019 until 16 July 2019
GenreAction, Sci-Fi
DirectorLana & Lilly Wachowski
Nobody knew the answer when posters hit cinemas in 1999, asking: "What is the Matrix?" And nobody could even begin to imagine the movie that followed.
Enter The Matrix: one of the most influential movies of all time for both science fiction and action – and a movie that changed how we view the very reality around us.
Keanu Reeves got his most iconic role as a man living two lives. By day, he's Thomas A. Anderson, computer programmer; by night, Neo, computer hacker; at all times, unsure whether he's awake or still dreaming. When he gets too deep into an online conspiracy, he's pursued by shadowy authorities and taken in by mysterious and legendary hacker Morpheus (Laurence Fishburne), a man who will inform him of the shocking truth about the reality Anderson takes for granted.
The Matrix saw directors the Wachowskis burst onto the worldwide scene with a mind-blowing combination of dense philosophy, innovative action, and unforgettable sci-fi iconography. Today, it stands as an all-time classic, somehow still thrilling and radical despite years of imitation and parody. After two decades, the Wachowskis' magnum opus can still open our minds – and kick us through a damn brick wall.
ALSO ON TODAY
Showing Today at:
From director Todd Douglas Miller (Dinosaur 13) comes a cinematic experience fifty years in the making.
Jim Jarmusch's hilarious, philosophical zombie film stars Bill Murray, Adam Driver and Chloë Sevigny as small-town cops battling the undead.
The man and myth of Maradona is explored in this new documentary by Academy award-winning filmmaker Asif Kapadia (Senna, Amy).
Kind Hearts and Coronets
One of the finest British films ever made, this black comic masterpiece is a hilarious study in the gentle art of murder.
"This shark, swallow you whole."
Screen/Print: Whiplash
The Naughton Gallery presents Damien Chazelle's Whiplash as part of its SCREEN/PRINT series in collaboration with UsFolk, with free posters by illustrator Conor Nolan.


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EEC Commissioner Aigner-Treworgy Announces $6 Million in FY19 EEOST Awards
Dec. 20, 2019 Theresa Jordan | Kira Taj
On December 19th at Village Market Place in Hyannis, Commissioner Aigner-Treworgy of the Massachusetts Department of Early Education and Care (EEC) announced $6 million in FY19 Early Education and Out of School Time (EEOST) Capital Fund awards. "Well-designed buildings, classrooms and play spaces help provide high-quality learning environments in which children grow and...
Working Together to Invest in High-Quality Early Education and Care
Nov. 12, 2019 Amy O'Leary
At INSITES this week, Amy O'Leary – a member of the Children's Investment Fund Board of Directors and the current director of Early Education for All, a campaign of Strategies for Children – shares why she believes in advocating for high-quality early education and care facilities across the Commonwealth. I have always had great admiration for the work of the C...
Secretary Kennealy's #15k4ma Tour Looks at Affordable Housing in the Commonwealth
Aug. 9, 2019 Roger Herzog
Massachusetts Secretary of Housing and Economic Development Mike Kennealy has just completed a very special tour across the Commonwealth. Over the course of eight days, he stopped in multiple communities to highlight 28 affordable housing projects in various stages of development across Massachusetts, and by doing so, he has demonstrated why the state remains a national ...
Governor Baker's FY18 EEOST Award Announcement
Sep. 26, 2018 Theresa Jordan | Kira Taj
On August 15th at Crispus Attucks Children's Center in Dorchester, Governor Baker announced $4 million in FY18 Early Education and Out of School Time (EEOST) Capital Fund awards to the following organizations, each receiving $1 million: Citizens for Citizens, Inc. in Fall River, which serves 200 children and plans to make playground improvements, window replacements...
Recovery in the Community: Housing's Role in Mental Healthcare
Sep. 12, 2018 Massachusetts Department of Mental Health
The Department of Mental Health (DMH) embraces a community-based approach to treatment and recovery from mental illness, which focuses on the question of how individuals can have more active control over their lives and thrive in their respective communities. DMH's mission "assures and provides access to services and supports to meet the mental health needs of individu...
Governor Baker and Undersecretary Chan Announce 2018 Affordable Rental Housing Awards
On July 25th, Governor Charlie Baker, joined by Housing and Community Development Undersecretary - and CEDAC board chair - Janelle Chan, announced state funding awards in the 2018 Rental Housing funding competition. The Governor awarded a total of $33.5 million in state and federal tax credits and $57 million in federal HOME and state bond resources to 19 affordable hous...


When a catering company asked Omere Marion to add vegetables to the crops he supplied to them, he was initially hesitant. He had tried to produce vegetables in the past, but was never satisfied with the yields.
Marion farms in Abekroase, a mining community in the Western Region of Ghana, and one of his clients is the largest catering company which serves this community. Although he already provided plantain and pineapple to them, they requested he add vegetables to his supply and suggested he speak to East-West Seed and Tikola Ghana Ltd, the sole distributor of EWS in Ghana.
Despite his initial hesitation based on his previous experience with vegetables, Mr Marion agreed to meet with Tikola's sales representative for the region, Jonathan Nduakoh. He was quickly convinced that it was not only possible, but profitable to produce vegetables in the area. Soon after, he even hosted a model farm project as the lead farmer, an initiative sponsored by GhanaVeg. GhanaVeg is an initiative of The Embassy of the Kingdom of the Netherlands in line with efforts towards prioritizing commercial agriculture in Ghana.
Mr Marion now supplies the catering company with EWS varieties including Kibibi F1 (African eggplant), Maha F1 (okra), Efia (hot pepper), and Sweet Sangria (watermelon).
From being initially skeptical, he now intends to specialize in the production of these crops while adding other vegetable varieties with high resistance to wilt disease and fungal disease.
"The training offered me the opportunity of realizing the challenge that others run away from is the one worthy of pursuing," Mr Marion says.
With his profits, he has bought a motorbike and had rented a land closer to a river to enable ease his farming activities.
He has also become somewhat of a hero among his fellow farmers.
"Now others look up to me to advise them on their cropping concerns. As long as there are people to consume vegetables, we will have customers," he says.


Women all around the world have insecure thoughts about their bodies. As I type this, there is probably a woman looking at herself in the mirror, wincing at the parts of herself that she doesn't like, wishing they would change faster. There is also a woman avoiding her reflection in the mirror, keeping her eyes averted because she knows what would be there, knows that she wouldn't like what she'd see.
We all struggle with the insecurity at one time or another.
Our loved ones can reassure us that we're beautiful, that they wouldn't change a thing about us. That we should have all the confidence in the world. It's what's inside that counts! But yet, we are still our worst critic.
I am an average size woman. I'm 5′ 6″ and weigh around 137 lbs. I have friends of all shapes and sizes. I have friends almost identical to my size, friends who are bigger than me, friends who are tinier than me. Their size doesn't affect my thoughts about them, I love them all no matter what. If they choose to go on a diet, I'm there. If they eat whatever the heck they want, I'm there. If they do something that I know is harmful to themselves, I'm there to listen and help them through a tough time, and speak up when I need to.
But one thing I don't do is tell them how to eat.
There is an issue that I've come to be more aware of over the years as I've noticed it happen to my friends and experienced it myself. It's that people think they know you better than you know yourself, and that this so-called knowledge entitles them to tell you what to do based on how *they* think you should look.
I am not overweight. As I said, I'm of average size. I recently have started working very hard to tone my body back up and get back in shape – hopefully the best shape of my life. Four to five years ago, I weighed around 128-130lbs, which is less than I weigh now. It was around that time when the jabs first started.
I couldn't tell them enough…I ate a TON of food! I was biking, walking, doing Zumba, CrossFit, and various other cardio/weight training classes at the gym. I was just super active and eating really healthy food. And my reward for all of that hard work was to be questioned on how I looked, and poked at the hip because I was "too skinny"?! It was appalling.
Fast forward a couple of years – I was really busy with work, didn't have a good living space (I was moving back and forth between 2 states frequently) and I stopped working out all the time. I didn't get heavy, but I wasn't my 128 lbs anymore and the tone was long gone. I couldn't fit in the same pants or shorts. Cellulite showed up all over my legs for the first time ever, and I also got really lenient about eating junk food.
I'd see the same people again now, only this time they'd say, "You look good! Looks like you're eating well!", and I'd shrivel. What they may have been intending as a compliment was not one to me. They weren't saying I was fat, but they were definitely noticing the difference that I was already feeling and struggling with.
So I can't stress this enough.
Stop making comments about how much we eat.
Most of these comments seem to come from people who are opposite of those whom they are speaking to. Everyone who told me I was too skinny was always overweight. Heavier women tend to get the remarks from people who are smaller than them. You don't understand that person's struggle, and it is not your place to make those comments. If that person is doing something harmful to themselves, you need to listen. Ask questions. Care. By commenting on what we eat/how we look without all of the details, you are only reinforcing what may already be existing insecurities.


Green Bay Packers – Official Blog | Cobb, Nelson, Boykin, McMillian all miss practice Wed.
Cobb, Nelson, Boykin, McMillian all miss practice Wed.
The state of the Packers' receiving corps is suddenly in a bit of doubt after WRs Randall Cobb, Jordy Nelson and Jarrett Boykin all were absent from practice on Wednesday during the portion of the workout open to reporters.
Nelson didn't play a full game last week, while Boykin missed it entirely. Both were listed on the injury report. Cobb missed the regular-season finale at Minnesota due to ankle and knee injuries, but it isn't known if his absence on Wednesday was related to that. Mike McCarthy will address the media and issue the first injury report of the week following practice.
Also, S Jerron McMillian missed practice for the second straight day, and veteran C Jeff Saturday appeared very limited and was not participating in the drills with his position group.
Post-practice update: McCarthy said he wasn't overly concerned about the receiver position for Saturday. Cobb was home due to illness, and the coach is "hopeful" Nelson can practice on Thursday. Nelson has been dealing with an "ongoing" ankle issue.
McMillian has been absent due to a personal issue and was supposed to be traveling back to Green Bay on Wednesday, McCarthy said.


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OneWeb secures funding to launch more than 500 internet satellites
NASA's Orion spacecraft is ready to fly to the Moon
Early Solar System meteorites might explain how Earth got water
SpaceX will build its massive interplanetary rocket in Los Angeles
LA Mayor Eric Garcetti has announced the news on Twitter.
Mariella Moon, @mariella_moon
SpaceX can start building its "Big Fucking Rocket," now that it has officially found a home in LA. Mayor Eric Garcetti has announced on Twitter that the private space giant "will start production development of the Big Falcon Rocket (the spacecraft's tamer name, apparently)" at the port of Los Angeles. SpaceX designed the 348-foot-long behemoth to fly humanity to the moon, Mars and beyond. It will be able to carry up to 50 tons in payload, whereas Falcon Heavy can only carry 30 tons. "This vehicle holds the promise of taking humanity deeper into the cosmos than ever before," he added, along with an illustration of the company's massive interplanetary spacecraft.
Officially announcing that @SpaceX will start production development of the Big Falcon Rocket 🚀 in the @PortofLA!
This vehicle holds the promise of taking humanity deeper into the cosmos than ever before. #SOTC2018 pic.twitter.com/2TtGy9NERX
— Mayor Eric Garcetti (@MayorOfLA) April 16, 2018
SpaceX signed a 30-year lease for an 18-acre site at the LA Port in late March. According to Ars Technica, it has already started moving hardware to the location with the intention of building a "state-of-the-art" manufacturing facility. Due to the BFR's size, the company needs a new plant separate from its Hawthorne site where it builds its Falcon 9 and Heavy rockets -- one that's near water, so it can easily ship it out for testing when it's ready.
SpaceX President Gwynne Shotwell said in a statement:
"SpaceX has called the Port of Los Angeles home to our west coast recovery operations since 2012. The Port will play an increasingly important role in our mission to help make humanity multi-planetary as SpaceX begins production development of BFR -- our next generation rocket and spaceship system capable of carrying crew and cargo to the moon, Mars and beyond."
SpaceX will build the BFR not just for deep space journeys, though, but also for incredibly fast air travel from one country to another. The company believes we can use the rocket to travel anywhere on Earth within an hour. But before that can happen, SpaceX will have to put it through some rigorous testing. Company chief Elon Musk wants the first set of tests to take place in 2019, but as he said, his timelines tend to be a bit too optimistic.
In this article: bfr, bigfuckingrocket, gear, la, portofla, space, SpaceX, tomorrow


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Q: Which is the best way to sort an array when it has boolean values? I was following a course and when i reached the challenge section the teacher asked to write down a code that sorts this objects array which contains some 'todos' with the properties: 'text, and completed (boolean)'
and the sorting should work like this: the uncompleted todos (false) should be first and the the completed one should be the last.
i wrote down a code and it actually worked and sorted the array as requested but when i saw how the instructor solved this challenge I was a bit confused because he used a different way so i wanted to ask the internet about which one (my code or the instructor's) is the best and more accurate.
I'm actually confused because my code worked however I gave sort() function only one argument, or parameter (a) and it sorted the array as i wanted, so please i need an explanation
This is  the basic objects-array:
// The basic objects array:

const todos = [{
    text: 'wake up',
    completed: true
}, {
    text: 'get some food',
    completed: false
}, {
    text: 'play csgo',
    completed: false
}, {
    text: 'play minecraft',
    completed: true
}, {
    text: 'learn javascript',
    completed: false
}];

This is the code i wrote:
// My code

let sortTodos = function(todos) {
    todos.sort(function(a) {
        if (a.completed === false) {
            return -1;
        }
        else if (a.completed === true){
            return 1;
        }
        else {
            return 0;
        }
    })
}

sortTodos(todos);
console.log(todos);

the instructor's code
// The instructor's code

const sortTodos = function (todos) {
    todos.sort(function (a, b) {
        if (!a.completed && b.completed) {
            return -1
        } else if (!b.completed && a.completed) {
            return 1
        } else {
            return 0
        }
    })
}

the output is :
[ { text: 'get some food', completed: false },
  { text: 'play csgo', completed: false },
  { text: 'learn javascript', completed: false },
  { text: 'play minecraft', completed: true },
  { text: 'wake up', completed: true } ]

A: Although sort generally should use both arguments, your code happens to work because, as your logic shows, you only need to check the value of one of the items being compared, because you're only sorting the array into two segments, where the completed ones come first. If you know whether just one object being compared is completed or not, that's sufficient to know whether whether it should come before or after the other object being compared, no matter what the other object is.
That said, while using such an algorithm is possible, it's weird and confusing - better to explicitly sort by the difference in the completed property in both objects being compared:

const todos = [{
    text: 'wake up',
    completed: true
}, {
    text: 'get some food',
    completed: false
}, {
    text: 'play csgo',
    completed: false
}, {
    text: 'play minecraft',
    completed: true
}, {
    text: 'learn javascript',
    completed: false
}];

todos.sort((a, b) => a.completed - b.completed);
console.log(todos);

If you want less computational complexity, you can do this in O(n) time rather than O(n log n) time pretty easily, just separate the array into two parts and put it back together:

const todos = [{
    text: 'wake up',
    completed: true
}, {
    text: 'get some food',
    completed: false
}, {
    text: 'play csgo',
    completed: false
}, {
    text: 'play minecraft',
    completed: true
}, {
    text: 'learn javascript',
    completed: false
}];

const trues = [];
const falses = [];
todos.forEach((obj) => {
  (obj.completed ? trues : falses).push(obj);
});
console.log([...falses, ...trues]);

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
UCR Symposium to Honor Contributions of Distinguished Professor
Robert C. Haddon Memorial Symposium to explore the latest research in nanotechnology
By Sarah Nightingale on March 28, 2017
Robert Haddon was the director of UC Riverside's Center for Nanoscale Science and Engineering.Photo credit: L. Duka.
RIVERSIDE, Calif. (www.ucr.edu) — The University of California, Riverside's College of Natural and Agricultural Sciences and Marlan and Rosemary Bourns College of Engineering are hosting a memorial symposium in honor of Robert C. Haddon, who died in April 2016. Haddon was a distinguished professor of chemistry and of chemical and environmental engineering, and director of the Center for Nanoscale Science & Engineering at UC Riverside.
The symposium will be on Friday, April 7 from 10 a.m. to 5 p.m. in Winston Chung Hall rooms 205 and 206 with a reception to follow. Free parking will be available in Lot 13.
During the symposium, researchers and scholars will present their research in nanotechnology, physics, chemistry, and materials science and engineering, and celebrate Haddon's life and contributions to these fields. Haddon is best known for the prediction and discovery of superconductivity in alkali-metal-doped carbon-60, his preparation and characterization of phenalenyl radicals, and his pioneering research in nanotechnology. He was an elected member of several scholarly societies, and, in 2014, was named by Thomson Reuters as one of the "best and brightest minds of our times."
Nanotechnology is "the final frontier in miniaturization, at least on the surface of the planet," Haddon once said. "It encompasses all of the scientific disciplines including chemistry, engineering, physics, biology, computers, and medicine. Thus, nanotechnology serves as a vehicle to create teams of scientists and engineers around a particular problem rather than focusing on what can be accomplished within a particular discipline."
Speakers at the symposium include Raymond L. Orbach, former Department of Energy secretary for science and former chancellor of UC Riverside, and Arthur F. Hebard, distinguished professor of materials physics at the University of Florida. The event website includes the full list of speakers and recommendations for travel and accommodations.
Researchers and community members are invited to attend and should RSVP to carol.lerner@ucr.edu by Monday, April 3. Media should RSVP to sarah.nightingale@ucr.edu.
Sarah Nightingale
E-mail: sarah.nightingale@ucr.edu
Twitter: snightingale
Archived under: Science/Technology, Bourns College of Engineering, College of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, nanotechnology, press release, Robert Haddon, symposium
Public Symposium to Showcase How UCR's Stem Cell Therapies Help Patients
[Apr 5, 2018]


Manalapan, NJ artist Johnny Oak has a tough row to hoe in his songwriting choice of three-minute pop rock served up by his band Cascadence. Their "sounds like" influences include Bon Jovi, Def Leppard, Fall Out Boy, Journey and Nickelback. These are all choices I wouldn't touch with a 10-foot pole in my quest for modern credibility but that's where the listener gets to choose for him or herself and actually witness the metamorphic stages of a rock band and the tiny spark that fires them to greater places. Out of the corniest band crushes comes the best developmental phase of the rock and roll writer's career.
Cascadence are a combination of the words cascade and cadence, both chosen and united to reflect their talent at creating hook-laden music infused with a superb rhythmic attack. The music is reflected in the band's motto; "Easy to remember and difficult to forget." Dar Franks (drums/vocals) and Bryan Vitalo (bass/vocals) are the other key members that turn Cascadence into a curious and powerful rock and roll machine. Their personal influences are as diverse as their approach to playing. Favorites include Jimmy Eat World, Racer X and even good ole' Phil Collins and his greatest hits.
However they make it work, Cascadence has come fast and furious out of the gate, garnishing a top slot on ReverbNation's Microsoft Windows 7 promotion with over 14,000 downloads in a single month. They've also maintained steady airplay on Jersey rock radio icons 105.5 WDHA, 95.9 WRAT, as well as nice scores of "Top Rock Band" and "Top Drummer" in the 2011 Asbury Music Awards. The band also hit the road with a direct support slot on Faster Pussycat's national summer tour. Add the additional perk of sponsors such as SIT Strings, WB Gear, Intune and others, and you have the makings of a band with solid, upward momentum.
The band is working on their full-length disc as of this writing, but in the meantime, they have gone ahead and released an EP for the impatient fan. The more I sat and listened to the music, the more I saw where this band was coming from.
Produced by Johnny Oak, the self-titled disc is clean, crisp and centered in their passion for hair metal composition. But don't think about that in a negative way because Oak and company are extremely cunning hook writers. Johnny Oak knows exactly where and when to pull punches and the choruses he comes up with will get even the most stoic hipster tapping their all-star covered toes in seconds.
The EP is a quick, five-song platter coming in at a total runtime of 16:10. What they lack in content they make up for in construction brilliance. The disc explodes with "Let's Get Ready," a Def Leppard-influenced rallying cry to action. Oak wastes no time as he kicks off the song with the namesake chorus chant. Guitars chop and cut behind the four-on-the-floor muscle of Franks and Vitalo as they push this song like a bulldozer. Oak definitely has the right pipes for this style and his voice runs the full gamut of range on the disc opener. I also took note that the band chose to stay grounded in this recording, sticking with true, three-piece ingenuity instead of grandiose overdubs and unnecessary clutter. "Let's Get Ready" has a great traditional hook and I caught myself replaying it several times.
"Never Thought" features funky synth pads and glistening pianos that made me feel like I could be right in the middle of a Night Ranger video before the band shifted gears and kicked into a smart, power chord-dominated chorus that had me going back to listen more than once. This is a band that knows how to go out on a limb and climb back without falling. Their skill at knowing what puzzle piece fits best and putting the right dynamic color into a body of music is something that every band looking to be successful should be watching closely.
"The First Time" is the score of the disc. Ultra poppy and filled with a hundred hooks, you couldn't hate this song if they smacked you in the face with it. Dar Franks pounds this radio-friendly gem all the way to the bank as Oak chugs thick bar chords before rolling out a doubled pentatonic blitzkrieg that would send Jake E. Lee straight to the showers. Remnants of The Cult and Matthew Sweet rise within the structure of this bona-fide hit song.
If you like Enuff Z'Nuff and Winger you're gonna love "Jaded." Johnny fires from the leather-clad hip on this ode to a time before Nirvana snuffed the life out of spandex. While the song is decent, verses are fairly nondescript, as the band members take turns throwing their signature sounds and style into the warm up stages. The chorus is strong here as it is on all cuts, but it doesn't really lift this tune out of the inattention bin.
The bridge leads are a welcome high point and so over the top they would make for a really edgy rock guitar battle with the Schenker brothers. And with the amount of harmony riff work involved here, Michael and Rudolf would probably lose. By the way, those guys are from a band called Scorpions—just in case that joke threw you off course.
"Break Out" closes the CD and once again, I get the feeling that Cascadence really believes in what they do. Their infusion of technique and enthusiastic attitude drives this song hard. I love the heavy duty rhythms that Franks and Vitalo nail to the proverbial floor as Oak slashes crunchy, Marshall-driven chords and distorted blues riffs in and out of the song with surgeon-like precision. The harmonies stick like crazy glue as Oak reaches all the way to the top of his wide range on this grunge covered nugget.
Cascadence are an anomaly in the current music scene. At times sounding retro, they also come across as a band that possess fresh ideas and genuine buzz that's lacking from many "jaded" rockers out there today.
I recently watched them play at the Seaside Music Festival and their presence kept the crowded Aztec Lounge focused on the stage and on their music, which is as tight live as it is on disc.
Popular music trends switch constantly and Cascadence are a band that has enough diversity and crossover appeal to actually have some measure of success in the confusing world of pop music.


text:
Q: Loading xml into flash movie hosted on IIS6 server, not working I have a flash file that loads an XML file at runtime. When the .swf file is run locally or on an Apache server it works fine but when hosted on an IIS6 based server the file won't load.
Can anyone help with this?

A: You may have file permission issues. Make sure that your xml file has read permissions for the "Network service" account (or ASPNET user if you are on XP)
If you are trying to load an FLV you will also need to set that up as a mime type in IIS. This is usually not set up by default.

A: I have had the same issue... everything loads fine locally, even referencing the web server locations from my local machine in Flash... when uploading the swf and the same paths, the xml image paths are not loaded in...

A: If you are loading the XML from a domain other than that where the SWF is hosted you will run into the "cross domain security" issue.  Some docs here:
http://kb.adobe.com/selfservice/viewContent.do?externalId=tn_14213&sliceId=2


Hope is why we exist.
Joshua's Place exist to help individuals and families overcome the barriers in their lives that cause instability. We believe every person is an image bearer of God and therefore has tremendous value and worth. We work to preserve that worth by only doing help that preserves dignity and promotes personal engagement.
We look first at what our community and the individuals we serve have to offer versus just what they lack.
We believe every person is an image bearer of God and therefore has tremendous value and worth.
We work to preserve that worth by only doing help that preserves dignity and promotes personal engagement.


BitStickers are spreading the word about worthy AltCoins around the word, in the way that we do best, trough stickers. AltCoin stickers will be available in two sizes, small (35 mm) and big (80mm). We use superb quality printing and the materials to get the best quality sicker because we love to make our customers satisfied and do our best to make you happy with our service and products. All of our stickers are printed with top quality inks and paper with easy peel off. As always no minimum order.


text:
Shopian killings: Where's Rs 55 crore 'Kashmir Committee', asks Pak media
By KN Web Desk on 03/04/2018 @ 3:18 PM
The committee headed by Maulana Fazlur Rehman (in picture) had also remained 'tight-lipped' during the 2016 agitation in Kashmir
Pakistan's Parliamentary Special Committee on Kashmir led by its chairman Maulana Fazlur Rehman has come in for stinging criticism for its "silence" on Sunday's killings in south Kashmir.
"With the entire nation condemning the bloodbath in Kashmir, the Kashmir Committee and its chairman Maulana Fazlur Rehman are nowhere to be seen," a media report said Tuesday.
Mandated to espouse the cause of Kashmiris and express solidarity with them, the present Kashmir Committee comprises nominees of almost all major political parties of Pakistan.
"This is, however, not the first time that Fazlur Rehman has failed to highlight the plight of Kashmiris – the task for which he is being remunerated millions each year from the national exchequer," the reports said.
The Committee met only eight times since 2013, it said. "The prized post of committee chairman is being used as a political bribe for the past ten years to win the support of Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam-Fazl (JUI-F) – whose chief is Fazlur Rehman – by Pakistan Muslim League-Nawaz (PML-N) and Pakistan People's Party (PPP), despite the fact that Fazl has almost been indifferent to the cause of Kashmir."
The committee "remained tight-lipped" during the 2016 agitation as well which broke out after the killing of Hizbul Mujahideen commander Burhan Wani.
Fazlur Rehman was "conspicuous by his absence once again in 2017 when the country's Parliament hosted an international seminar over the Kashmir issue attended by world parliamentarians and scholars, but he was nowhere to be seen. Also, Fazlur Rehman failed to convene a diplomatic conference on Kashmir despite the announcement by the committee last year," the report said.
The Kashmir Committee only met once during the entire year, though a joint session of the Parliament was convened after the committee failed to deliver.
Notably, the annual budget for Kashmir Committee is Rs 550 million per year, while its chairman enjoys the perks and privileges equal to a federal minister and has been provided with a furnished house in the Ministers' Enclave.
Besides that, a grade 20 officer works as secretary of the committee to assist the chairman.


Brandon Fortunato has been flying under the radar for quite some time. He doesn't carry with him the expectations of a Ryan Collins, Jack Dougherty, or Johnny MacLeod. He's a defenseman who led the NTDP in points from the blueline and still isn't ranked in any major draft rankings that I could find. Honestly, Fortunato probably prefers it that way.
Fortunato has been a player who hasn't been given a fair shake due to his height, but what he lacks in size he makes up for it in how he thinks the game. His head is on a swivel constantly and his hockey sense and vision are some of the best I've seen. He's extremely poised with the puck and makes smart, simple plays to move the puck up ice.
He's agile, quick, and a fluid skater. He is capable of quarterbacking the powerplay, which he did for the majority of his time with the NTDP this year and last year. But he's defensively responsible as well.
He can't be overly physical with his body. Instead Fortunato plays a sound defensive game cutting down angles for forwards who try to beat him or set up plays. He still needs to get much stronger before handling the rigors of the NHL game, but he will have plenty of time to do that.
He will be attending Boston University in the fall and I would expect him to stay there for a full four years. Fortunato isn't a player that should be rushed. It'd be beneficial for his game and the team that drafts him to develop him properly. He's a potential diamond in the rough.
If he'd be a couple inches taller he could potentially be a 1st or 2nd round pick. It's more likely he falls to the later rounds of the draft, but it only takes one team to like his game and his style of play before he's taken off the board. While not probable, don't be surprised if he's selected in the 3rd or 4th round.
In 13 games for Team USA, Fortunato has seven assists. He helped the NTDP win a bronze and gold medal during his time in Ann Arbor.


Headquartered in Delhi, Nysaa Retail, the holding company of 1-India Family Mart, is one of the fastest growing value retail chain which retails kids, men's & women's apparels, lifestyle accessories, kitchen ware items,footwear, home furnishing, toys, and games.
The Indian retail scenario has developed and is facing an imminent transition, as there is a migration of the retailers towards the Tier-II, Tier-III & Tier-IV towns of the country. The retail sector is experiencing exponential growth, with retail development taking place not just in major cities and metros, but also in Tier-II & Tier-III cities. According to a recent report by India Brand Equity Foundation (IBEF), India is expected to become the World's third largest consumer economy reaching $400 billion in consumption by 2025. India's retail market is set to increase by 60 percent to reach $1.1 trillion by 2020. At present, India leads in terms of per capita retail store availability making it a favourable market for retailers.
saturation as limited mall supply and a high concentration of existing retailers are prompting brands to look at newer markets.
India's potential lies in the growth of smaller cities that have been witnessing transformation over the years. While the metros will continue to witness emergence of new malls and lifestyle stores, almost a third of new development will happen in the Tier-II & Tier-III cities. Even stand-alone stores opt for greater emphasis on visual displays, staff training and modern ambiance with their entry into even smaller towns.
"Retail Industry has managed to introduce a range of products, which were initially unavailable in the Tier-II & Tier-III cities. Making quality products available to customers at reasonable prices is the reason behind the success of retail industry in these areas"
Various global and local brands are planning expansion in Tier-II & Tier-III cities with factors such as rising incomes, lifestyle changes and increased digital connectivity. The overall retail market is expected to grow at 12 percent per annum. Availability and cost of retail space is another major consideration in the development of organised retailing. Prime locations in Tier-II & Tier-III cities are 30 percent cheaper than their counterparts in the metros. Average rental values for ground floor space are much lower when compared against bigger cities.
New age retailers have contributed in making Tier-II & Tier-III cities the future centres of retail growth in India. The retail sector in Tier-II & Tier-III cities has drawn an investment of $6,192 million between 2006 and 2017 as against $1,295 million that was drawn by Tier-I metro cities during the same period. Penetration into smaller cities needs an in-depth understanding to predict the buying behaviour of customers. Retailers have adopted Big Data Analytics to understand buying behaviour and sentiments of customers, thus enabling a focus on customer-centric marketing.
Retail Industry has managed to introduce a range of products, which were initially unavailable in the Tier-II & Tier-III cities. Making quality products available to customers at reasonable prices is the reason behind the success of retail industry in these areas. Entry of retailers into smaller cities has helped improve the living standards of the local population by practices such as contract farming, local sourcing, aiding the growth of ancillary industries, and by providing employment to locals.


This year's Christmas Program (Yolka) was a musical version of the Nutcracker, directed by Mr. Seraphim Winslow and Mrs. Veronika Bozhich. Students from grades K-6 participated by singing, dancing and acting. The wonderful performance was full of truly gifted actors and dancers. Following the play, St. John's was honored with a visit from the General Consul of Russia and his wife, Vladimir Nikolaevich and Lyubov Vladimirovna Vinokurov. The Consul had come to congratulate the students of St. John's with their studies in Russian language and literature and to give awards to those who had excelled in these classes. This was followed by a visit from Ded Moroz, who brought gifts, riddles and laughter to the children awaiting him. Many of the children spontaneously performed by singing and reciting poetry. A pot luck dinner was shared by all the families attending after Ded Moroz went on his way. See photo album for more photos.


We are proud to announce that we offer QDP in our dental office. QDP is an annual dental savings program we offer for families and individuals that allows all QDP patients to receive quality dental services at greatly reduced prices in our office. Unlike conventional insurance plans, with our QDP program, there are no deductibles, no yearly maximums, and no waiting periods to begin treatment. QDP benefits and savings begin immediately upon registration.
INCLUDED teeth cleanings benefits (two per year)*Periodontal Maintenance Patients- simple teeth cleanings benefits will be applied to the cost of your periodontal maintenance fee.
The fee paid for our QDP savings plan is for included standard of care services and represents a courtesy accounting adjustment for payment, made in full, at the time of service. An initial fee is $350.00 for one individual… and only $325.00 for each additional family member; which represents an additional savings of $25.00. Eligible family members include spouse and dependent children under the age of 19 (up to age 23 if dependent child is a full-time student). Fees are due and payable when services are rendered and are non-refundable when services have been provided. Savings duration is for one year from registration date. All patient portions for services received are due at the time of services in order to receive QDP savings. All members of a QDP family account will have the same anniversary date as the primary member. A missed appointment fee of 25% of treatment total will be charged for all missed dental appointments. Please notify our office at least 48 hours in advance if you must change your reserved appointment. Fees charged are not membership fees and all fees paid are for provided services only.


text:
the fundamental unit of life class 9 worksheet with answers
Cells in cup D are dead, thus there is no. What is a Cell Made Up of? Download Worksheets for Class 9 Science made for all important topics and is available for free download in pdf, chapter wise assignments or booklet with... Free revision notes, brief chapter explanations, chapter summary and mind maps for all important and difficult topics of CBSE Class 9 Science as per 2020... Download NCERT books for Class 9 Science, complete book or each chapter in Science book for Class 9 in pdf. is observed. __________________________________________________________________________________________________, 5. a) Write two differences between nuclear region of a bacterial cell and nuclear region of an animal cell. 2. 6. Why is the cell called the structural and functional unit of life? If plasma membrane ruptures or breaks down then molecules of some substances will freely move in and out of the cells. The topics and Subtopics of NCERT Solutions of Class 9 Science Chapter 5 – The Fundamental Unit Of Life: Exercise 5.1, Page number 59 – Solution of 2 QuestionsExercise 5.3, Page number 63 – Solution of 4 QuestionsExercise 5.4, Page number 63 – Solution of 2 QuestionsExercise 5.5, Page number 65 – Solution of 4 QuestionsChapter Exercise, Page number 67 – Solution of 10 Questions. View CBSE Class 9 Science Worksheet - Fundamental Unit of Life.pdf from ICT 7201 at University of Victoria. Give reason. Fill in the gaps in the following table illustrating differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. All these topics are included in CBSE solved test papers of class 9 Science chapter The Fundamental Unit of Life. Explain the role of cell membrane undergoing this process. Consequently, the cell would die due to the disappearance of the protoplasmic material. How do substances like CO2 and water move in and out of the cell? NCERT Solutions of Class 9 Science Chapter 5 – The Fundamental Unit Of Life is a part of Unit 2 – Organisation in the Living World, and is expected to fetch around 20 marks. Your email address will not be published. Important updates relating to your studies which will help you to keep yourself updated with latest happenings in school level education. Also download collection of CBSE books for Class 9... Download Class 9 Science assignments. Cells make tissues, tissues together make organ, organs make organ system and organ systems make body of organisms. Where do the lipids and proteins constituting the cell membrane get synthesised? Download free printable worksheets Science pdf of CBSE and kendriya vidyalaya Schools as per latest syllabus in pdf, CBSE Class 9 Science Worksheet - Fundamental Unit of Life. What kind of enzymes are present in lysosomes? If plasma membrane ruptures or breaks down then molecules of some substances will freely move in and out of the cells. Why? Amoeba secretes digestive enzymes to bring about digestion of the engulfed particle once food is trapped. Define membrane biogenesis. H2O diffuses by osmosis through the cell membrane. They perform fundamental functions and life processes such as respiration, digestion, excretion etc in both unicellular and multicellular entities. ___ is the basic structural and functional unit of life. Consequently, lysosomes are known as suicide bags. NCERT Solutions of Class 9 Science Chapter 5 – The Fundamental Unit Of Life is a part of Unit 2 – Organisation in the Living World, and is expected to fetch around 20 marks. Look at the figure: a) Name the process. b) A red blood cell is kept in concentrated saline solution. 4. MCQ Questions for Class 9 Science with Answers were prepared based on the latest exam pattern. in 1665, Robert Hooke discovered cells while examining a thin slice of cork through a self-designed microscope. This ensures that our answers are relevant and retain their informational quotient. The cell is a fundamental, structural and functional unit of living organisms and basic unit of life. Besides accurate solutions, we also provide a complete breakdown of the questions, detailing all the steps and processes in an easy to understand format. b) Visible entangled mass of thread like structures. 4. 8. Then observe the four potato cups and answer the following: (i) Explain why water gathers in the hollowed portion of B and C. (ii) Why is potato A necessary for this experiment? What is Chromatin material and how does it change just before the cell division? Hence, in the absence of golgi apparatus, cells will not be produced. Nuclear region: well defined and surrounded by a nuclear membrane. (iii) Explain why water does not gather in the hollowed out portions of A and D. (i) Water accumulates in the hollowed portions of B and C as a difference in the water concentration. existence of a semipermeable membrane for water flow. Not all molecules are free to diffuse. We are moving towards the upcoming examinations, almost all the academic institutions of... CBSE has launched a Quiz on Mahatma Gandhi. Organisms having nuclear membrane are called _____. The process of movement of a water molecule from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration through a semipermeable membrane is known as osmosis. 2. He observed that the cork resembled the structure of a honeycomb consisting of numerous tiny compartments. Mitochondria is called the power house of the cell. Mitochondria are known as the powerhouse of the cell. 2. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________, 9. The intend of this article is to present before you the 5 most efficient tips to facilitate the students to revise the entire course for the Annual School and Board Examination. What would happen to the life of a cell in the absence of golgi apparatus? 9099920082/9099020032, Email us: b) Which kind of plastid is more common in: i) Roots of the plants _____________________________________ ii) Leaves of the plants ___________________________________ iii) Flowers and fruits ___________________________________, 7. Use them for better understanding of the subjects. Download solutions for Science... Download latest 2021 Sample Papers for Class 9 Science as per CBSE NCERT pattern and syllabus. Can you name the two organelles we have studied that contain their own genetic material? NCERT Exemplar Problems for Class 9 Science for all topics, Download Exemplar Solutions for Class 9 Science and download in pdf free. Your email address will not be published. The intend of this article is to guide the students about the course of action they should follow once they receive the CBSE question papers in the school as well as board examination centre. A group of cells form a tissue, further an organ and ultimately an organ system. Give four differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. One of these potato cups should be made from a boiled potato. b) Which structure present in the nuclear region of a living cell bear genes? Why is the plasma membrane called a selectively permeable membrane? The miniscule boxes are referred to as cells. The fundamental organizational unit of life is the _____. Carry out the following osmosis experiment: Take four peeled potato halves and scoop each one out to make potato cups. 6. So cell is called structural unit of life. The minuscule boxes are referred to as cells. What is the meaning of division of labour? ____ is commonly called the physical basis of life. It moves from a region of higher concentration to a lower concentrated region through a selectively permeable membrane until equilibrium is reached. Nuclear region: well defined and girdled by a nuclear membrane. The plasma membrane is called as a selectively permeable membrane as it permits the movement of only a certain molecules in and out of the cells. Protein synthesis in cells takes place in ribosomes. NCERT Exemplar Solutions... Download Printable Worksheets, test papers for Class 9 Science with questions answers for all topics and chapters as per CBSE, NCERT, KVS syllabus, Five Tips for Brisk and Effective Revision for School and Board Examinations, Mathematical Literacy Free Practice Book for Students, What to do Post Receipt of Question Paper in the Board Examination, Role of Word Limit in Written CBSE Examination. There are two ways in which a cell divides: Mitosis is the type of cell division that is involved in the growth and repair of body whereas meiosis is a type of cell division which results in the formation of gametes. This is why lysosomes are often referred to as 'suicide bags'. 9th Science chapter 5 The Fundamental Unit of Life have many topics. Thereby, endosmosis occurs as the cells act as a semipermeable membrane. He observed that the cork resembled the structure of a honeycomb consisting of numerous tiny compartments. Which type of cell division is required for growth and repair of body and which type is involved in formation of gametes?
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the fundamental unit of life class 9 worksheet with answers 2020


ArcelorMittal's acquisition of Essar Steel is a done deal despite attempts by erstwhile promoters, the Ruias, to retain the asset, said bankers with knowledge of the matter. On the other hand, a final decision on the matter may be delayed by hurdles posed by Deutsche Bank and Standard Chartered Bank, they said.
The committee of creditors (CoC), which voted overwhelmingly in favour of ArcelorMittal's resolution plan under the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code (IBC), is unlikely to consider a late attempt by the Ruias to save their crown jewel.
Their offer last week to repay all loans cannot be considered, since it has come after a Supreme Court-ordered process has ended, the bankers said. They described the offer as a timewasting tactic.