Before you can manufacture beer, wine, or distilled spirits in the United States, you must have the correct permit from the U.S. Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau (the TTB). You generally must have a TTB permit before applying for state and local permits, which are often much simpler to apply for. Contrary to popular belief, the TTB is not a law-enforcement branch of the ATF. Instead, the TTB is an arm of the U.S. Treasury Department and is concerned primarily with taxation. Consequently, the TTB's application process is complex. It involves vetting your owners and managers, showing where and how you will manufacture beverages, and demonstrating that you have the funds to go into business.
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Welcome to the website and home page of Norfolk Furniture Maker Mark Rhodes, based in the North Norfolk village of Calthorpe. I have been a Cabinetmaker for over twenty five years; I will undertake all your furniture and kitchen requirements, along with all your joinery needs.
Having left school in 1989 I went straight into cabinetmaking. I served a traditional four year apprenticeship with a company called English House.
Oak Front Door by Norfolk Furniture Maker Mark Rhodes.
>Brown Oak Coffee Table II.
>Small bookcase and window seat.
>Oak ledged and braced doors finished.
>A Bit More On the Painted Robe.
>Progress on the painted robe.
>Workshop, a few improvements(well to me).
>Rosewood and burr Walnut jewellery box.
We are delighted with our bookcase. The wood was chosen with great care and is shown off to its full advantage in this beautiful piece of furniture.


text:
British ambulances in the Franco-Prussian War
British ambulance stores at Metz during the war
Though the United Kingdom remained neutral during the Franco-Prussian War of 1870–71, it provided ambulances and other medical assistance to both combatants and the civilians affected by the war. The term "ambulance" at this time denoted a medical organisation that provided field hospitals, transport and surgical operations, not the more limited modern use. The British public donated more than £300,000 to provide medical assistance during the war. The ambulances, together with those of other neutral organisations, proved very effective at treating casualties, and following the war all major powers took steps to implement similar arrangements for future wars.
The Franco-Prussian War or Franco-German War, often referred to in France as the War of 1870, was a conflict between the Second French Empire and later the Third French Republic, and the German states of the North German Confederation led by the Kingdom of Prussia. Lasting from 19 July 1870 to 28 January 1871, the conflict was caused by Prussian ambitions to extend German unification and French fears of the shift in the European balance of power that would result if the Prussians succeeded. Some historians argue that the Prussian chancellor Otto von Bismarck deliberately provoked the French into declaring war on Prussia in order to draw the independent southern German states—Baden, Württemberg, Bavaria and Hesse-Darmstadt—into an alliance with the North German Confederation dominated by Prussia, while others contend that Bismarck did not plan anything and merely exploited the circumstances as they unfolded. None, however, dispute the fact that Bismarck must have recognized the potential for new German alliances, given the situation as a whole.
Individual ambulances
Ambulance Anglaise
Anglo-American Ambulance
British Ambulance Corps
British National Society for Aid to the Sick and Wounded in War
Franco-Irish Ambulance Brigade
The United Kingdom was neutral during the Franco-Prussian War, but numerous organisations were formed to provide medical assistance to one side or both during the war. More than £300,000 of donations was made by the British public to provide for medical services during the course of the war. [2] Much of the funding went to "ambulances", a term that at the time referred to an organisation providing large-scale medical facilities including transport, field hospitals and surgical facilities rather than the more limited usage of today. [3] Many of the ambulances were staffed by doctors on leave from the British Army with medical students from other nations serving on an ad-hoc basis. [4]
A number of other neutral nations formed their own ambulances to provide medical assistance during the war including the Netherlands, Italy, Austria and Belgium. [4] By the war's end, it had become clear that ambulances and formal medical provision were a key requirement of warfare of the time. All of the major powers subsequently made efforts to establish permanent organised ambulance services for the transport and treatment of their wounded during wartime. [5]
Richard Wallace pictured in 1857
A prominent British resident of Paris, Richard Wallace contributed funds to establish two ambulances during the siege; one for French wounded and one for "sick and destitute" British citizens. [6] He also contributed more than £12,000 of funding for the ambulances as part of the 2.5 million francs he gave to relieve suffering in Paris during the war. [7] [8] Despite having the opportunity to flee, Wallace chose to remain in the city throughout the war. [9] The ambulances, staffed by English surgeons, became known as the Ambulance Anglaise ("English Ambulance"), though Wallace named the field portion of the unit after his father, the Marquess of Hertford. [9] [10] [11] The unit provided a hospital of 50 beds in the city and absorbed some of the staff of the American Ambulance after it was disbanded in March. [10] [12]
Sir Richard Wallace, 1st Baronet was an English art collector.
Captain Richard Seymour-Conway, 4th Marquess of Hertford KG was the son of Francis Seymour-Conway, 3rd Marquess of Hertford and Maria Seymour-Conway, Marchioness of Hertford.
After the war, Wallace's ambulances were absorbed into the Hertford British Hospital, established in Paris by Wallace on 15 October 1871. [13] As a result of his work, Wallace was said to be the most popular British resident of the city. He was honoured by having a street named for him and received the Legion of Honour from France and a baronetcy from Queen Victoria. [8]
The Hertford British Hospital was a British Hospital founded in Paris in 1871 for Britons abroad and other English-speaking patients, in 2008 it merged with a nearby French hospital and was renamed.
The Legion of Honour is the highest French order of merit for military and civil merits, established in 1802 by Napoleon Bonaparte and retained by all later French governments and régimes.
Charles E Ryan in the uniform of the Anglo-American Ambulance of 1870–71
The Anglo-American Ambulance was formed as a splinter of the American Ambulance, following a dispute between medical staff and the ambulance committee over deployments (the committee wanted to wait for the siege to begin whereas the doctors wanted to immediately head to the front). The Anglo-American Ambulance was led by Confederate American Civil War veteran J. Marion Sims, who was then resident in France, and British surgeon William MacCormac. [14] [15] The new ambulance was partially funded by the British Society for Aid to the Sick and Wounded in War and consisted of 8 American and 8 English medical staff with three ambulance wagons. [16] [14] All bar one of the Americans were former Confederate Army surgeons. [16]
The American Civil War was a war fought in the United States from 1861 to 1865, between the North and the South. The Civil War is the most studied and written about episode in U.S. history. Primarily as a result of the long-standing controversy over the enslavement of black people, war broke out in April 1861 when secessionist forces attacked Fort Sumter in South Carolina shortly after Abraham Lincoln had been inaugurated as the President of the United States. The loyalists of the Union in the North proclaimed support for the Constitution. They faced secessionists of the Confederate States in the South, who advocated for states' rights to uphold slavery.
James Marion Sims was an American physician and a pioneer in the field of surgery, known as the "father of modern gynecology". His most significant work was the development of a surgical technique for the repair of vesicovaginal fistula, a severe complication of obstructed childbirth. He is also remembered for inventing Sims' speculum, Sims' sigmoid catheter, and the Sims' position. However, "one would be hard pressed to find a more controversial figure in the history of medicine."
Sir William MacCormac, 1st Baronet, was a notable British surgeon during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. MacCormac was a strong advocate of the antiseptic surgical methods proposed by Joseph Lister and he served in conflicts such as the Boer War. An advocate and pioneer of the Royal Army Medical Corps, MacCormac was perhaps the most decorated surgeon in Britain and he served as Serjeant Surgeon to Edward VII.
Charles E. Ryan served with the corps as a dresser and assistant surgeon and in 1896 published an account of his time with the unit. [17] The unit left Paris on 28 August by train for the battlefield of Carignan but was delayed as Prussian forces had captured the railway line. The ambulance was held at Sedan railway station where its personnel encountered the French Emperor Napoleon III and the retreating survivors of the Battle of Beaumont. The ambulance attempted to move towards the front by road but found it was caught between the two armies and returned to Sedan. [16] Twelve men of the ambulance treated more than 600 wounded of the subsequent Battle of Sedan (1–2 September) from a hospital that periodically came under shellfire. The remaining four medical staff ran a secondary hospital at Balan which treated the wounded of a battle fought there on 31 August and those of the 1 September Battle of Bazeilles. [18] With the ambulance at Sedan was Marcus Beck who reported that the French army surgeons had not adopted the anti-septic measures advocated by his father's cousin Joseph Lister. [19]
Following the French defeat, the ambulance was re-united at Sedan under Prussian occupation and erected 36 tents to accommodate the large number of wounded from the recent battles and those given to their care by the Prussian forces. [18] The ambulance was granted permission to leave Sedan for Paris on 4 October and travelled via Belgium and Rouen. [20] However, it proved impossible to enter the capital due to the ongoing siege and instead the unit was placed at the disposal of the Prussian Army at Versailles by Robert Loyd-Lindsay of the British National Society for Aid to the Sick and Wounded in War. At around this time the ambulance changed its previously French-inspired uniform for that of the British Army's Royal Artillery undress uniform. [21]
The ambulance arrived at the city of Orléans on 20 October, travelling through the scene of the First Battle of Orléans which was fought on 10 October. The ambulance was ordered to take over the running of a 150-bed hospital in the railway station and to be ready to take to the field as necessary. [21] The Prussians evacuated the city on the night of 8 November and left all of the wounded there in the care of the ambulance. The unit sent a field unit to the 9 November Battle of Coulmiers where the Prussians were defeated. Orléans subsequently came into French control and they cleared the ambulance from the railway station and moved it into overcrowded private houses. [22]
An engagement occurred at nearby Neuville on 24 November and the ambulance sent men into the field to tend to the wounded of this and subsequent skirmishes of 25 and 26 November. [22] [23] The ambulance managed to secure space for a 300-bed hospital at the Church of St. Euverte. The Prussians commenced the Second Battle of Orléans on 3 December and large numbers of wounded were soon brought back to the ambulance. A field unit was sent out on 4 December but the speed of the French retreat meant that a field hospital could not be established. Prussian forces retook Orléans on the night of 4 December, bringing the ambulance under their orders once again. A mobile unit was provided for the Battle of Beaugency on 7 December and returned to the city on 10 December with wagons loaded with wounded men. A number of the ambulance's men were arrested by the Prussian authorities on suspicion of espionage whilst procuring medical supplies at Étampes but were shortly thereafter released. [23] The ambulance remained in Orléans until the armistice was signed and disbanded in early March with its equipment being handed over to the French in Paris. [24]
The Anglo-American Ambulance has been described as a key means of exchanging medical best practice between the volunteers and the French and Prussian surgeons they worked with. In addition to spreading the word of Lister's pioneering work on antiseptics and widening the use of chloroform and morphine on the battlefield the ambulance helped to popularise a standardised method of treating bullet wounds which was based on Surgeon-General Sir Thomas Longmore's 1863 work with Minié rifle bullet wounds. MacCormac claimed that the adoption of this method was the primary reason for the low mortality rates achieved by the ambulance. [15]
The British Ambulance Corps was raised to serve with the Prussian forces, but also cared for captured French wounded during the Siege of Paris of September 1870 to January 1871. [25] The unit's B Division was commanded by Surgeon William Manley VC, a British Army veteran of the Crimean and New Zealand Wars, and was attached to the Prussian Army's 22nd Division. [26] [25] The B Division tended to the wounded of the battles of Orléans (3–4 December), Cravant (10 December), Chateauneuf (18 December) and Bretoncelle (21 December). [27] Manley was awarded the Iron Cross 2nd Class for his actions during the war, on the recommendation of Frederick, Crown Prince of Prussia who commanded the III Army (to which the 22nd Division belonged). [25] [27] He is the only man to receive both the Victoria Cross and the Iron Cross. [28]
Main article: British Red Cross
Sorting and packing linen bandages at the London office of the society, September 1870
The British National Society for Aid to the Sick and Wounded in War was founded at a public meeting in the Willis Rooms in London on 4 August 1870. Members paid a single £5 donation or an annual 5 shilling subscription. [29] The organisation was led by Colonel Robert Loyd-Lindsay and its aims were to provide aid to the sick and wounded in war. [30] It aimed to serve alongside the British Army during wartime but also alongside other neutral armies when Britain was at peace. [29] [30]
The organisation deployed several ambulances during the Franco-Prussian War. One of its major bases was Luxembourg, which was neutral during the war, and was used as a place to treat the wounded of the Battle of Metz. Hospitals were also established in Germany at Bingen am Rhein and at Darmstadt. By 17 September 1870 it had 62 surgeons and 16 nurses working as well as 22 other staff such as logistics officers. By the end of that month £200,000 had been raised to purchase drugs, surgical instruments, waterproof sheeting, fabric and lint. This was sent to the front at the rate of 4 tonnes per day over the 188 days of the war in 12,000 separate parcels. The organisation also acted to distribute supplies for the French Société de Secours which had been much disrupted by the war. The organisation also ran soup kitchens and restaurants for the benefit of the travelling wounded. [29]
During the course of the war, thousands of casualties were treated by the organisations at its own hospitals and in those of the French and Prussian armies. The organisation's surgeons received special permission from William, King of Prussia to cross the German lines to provide aid during the Siege of Paris. [29]
One notable ambulance was known as the Woolwich Ambulance, so called because it was equipped near to the Royal Arsenal under the supervision of the Director-General of the British Army Medical Department. It left for the front on 14 October with equipment and tentage for a hospital of 200 patients. It was commanded by Doctor Guy and consisted of 12 medical officers and 27 hospital corpsmen. The ambulance treated the wounded of the battles of Forcay, Bretoncelle, Bagneux and Beaune-la-Rolande. [29]
The society's ambulance helped to advance good practice in battlefield medical care. One of its surgeons Joshua Henry Porter laid down rules for the safe transport of wounded from the battlefield - advocating a minimum of three stretcher bears to each wounded man in case one were shot. He also implemented a two tiered system with an advanced treatment station near to the frontline backed up by a larger hospital. He advocated the quick transport of the wounded from the battlefield and helped to evaluate the effectiveness of stretchers and splints designed by his staff and that of the Anglo-American Ambulance. [15]
The society continued its work after the war, serving in various European and British colonial conflicts before becoming the British Red Cross Society in 1905. [30]
Main article: Franco-Irish Ambulance Brigade
Members of the Franco-Irish Ambulance Brigade
The Franco-Irish Ambulance Brigade was established by the Irish Committee for the Relief of the Sick and Wounded of the French Army and Navy on 7 September 1870. [31] It sent 31 surgeons and 250 men to France though almost immediately the majority of the men were released as surplus to requirements. [32] [33] Many of the released men joined the French Foreign Legion and it has been alleged that the ambulance was used as a means of bypassing the Foreign Enlistment Act 1870 which prevented British subjects from enlisting in foreign armies. [34]
The ambulance treated the wounded from a battle at Pacy-sur-Eure before being split into detachments serving with the Army of the North and the Army of the Loire. [35] [36] [33] The detachments treated the wounded of skirmishes at Châteaudun, Patay and Buchy and the First Battle of Orleans, the Battle of Loigny–Poupry and the Battle of Le Mans. [37] [38] [39] [40] A second Irish ambulance unit was raised in London but was turned away upon arrival at Caen as no arrangements had been made with the French authorities to accept it. [33]
Belgium and the Franco-Prussian War
Surgeon General William George Nicholas Manley, was a British Army officer, surgeon and a recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces. He is the only man to have been awarded both the VC and the Iron Cross.
The Siege of Metz lasting from 19 August – 27 October 1870 was fought during the Franco-Prussian War and ended in a decisive Prussian victory.
The Siege of Paris, lasting from 19 September 1870 to 28 January 1871, and the consequent capture of the city by Prussian forces, led to French defeat in the Franco-Prussian War and the establishment of the German Empire as well as the Paris Commune.
Bernhard Rudolf Konrad von Langenbeck was a German surgeon known as the developer of Langenbeck's amputation and founder of Langenbeck's Archives of Surgery.
La Débâcle is a novel by Émile Zola published in 1892, the penultimate in les Rougon-Macquart series. The story is set against the background of the political and military events that ended the reign of Napoléon III and the Second Empire in 1870, in particular the Franco-Prussian War, the Battle of Sedan and the Paris Commune. The novel has been translated as The Debacle and The Downfall. The late nineteenth century English novelist George Gissing tried to read the novel in French in February 1896, through "intervals of rage", but without specifying what was the cause.
Louisa Elisabeth McLaughlin (1836–1921) was one of the first British women to serve as a nurse for the Red Cross. Louisa, who often spelled her name MacLaughlin and was familiarly called Louise, is pictured wearing medals awarded by both the French and Germans for running ambulances during the Franco-Prussian War of 1870. She also wears the Gold Cross of the Order of the Takova marking her work in the Serbo-Turkish war, the prelude to the Russo-Turkish War (1877–78). Her partner Emma Maria Pearson (1828–93) was awarded the same medals.
The Battle of Villersexel took place on 9 January 1871 as part of the Franco-Prussian War. Elements of the French Armée de l'Est under General Bourbaki engaged August von Werder's Prussian forces. It resulted in a French victory.
Christopher James Davis was a British-Barbadian physician. Educated in Europe, he volunteered to help sick and injured during the Franco-Prussian war in 1870, and died from smallpox.
The Armée de la Loire was a French army of the Franco-Prussian War. It was formed in October 1870 by Léon Gambetta, interior minister and minister for war in the Government of National Defence, then taking refuge in Tours after the French defeat at Sedan on 2 September 1870 had destroyed the Imperial field army. The newly raised force was formed out of francs-tireurs, provincial Gardes Mobiles (territorials), naval forces, zouaves and tirailleurs from Algeria, plus regular soldiers in depots and reservists. Together these diverse units formed the 15th army corps under Joseph Édouard de la Motte Rouge. Apart from the North African units, the Army had few officers with fighting experience, insufficient artillery, and its troops were under-trained. It fought at the Battle of Orléans (1870) and Battle of Le Mans (1871) and was dissolved on 14 March 1871.
The I Royal Bavarian Army Corps / I Bavarian AK was a corps level command of the Royal Bavarian Army, part of the German Army, before and during World War I.
The history of the ambulance begins in ancient times, with the use of carts to transport patients. Ambulances were first used for emergency transport in 1487 by the Spanish forces during the siege of Málaga by the Catholic Monarchs against the Emirate of Granada, and civilian variants were put into operation in the 1830s. Advances in technology throughout the 19th and 20th centuries led to the modern self-powered ambulances.
The state of medical knowledge at the time of the Civil War was extremely primitive. Doctors did not understand infection, and did little to prevent it. It was a time before antiseptics, and a time when there was no attempt to maintain sterility during surgery. No antibiotics were available, and minor wounds could easily become infected, and hence fatal. While the typical soldier was at very high risk of being shot and killed in combat, he faced an even greater risk of dying from disease.
The Commemorative medal of the 1870–1871 War was a French military campaign medal awarded to those who served during the Franco-Prussian War.
Hugo Ewald Graf von Kirchbach was a Prussian general who commanded the Prussian V Corps during the Franco-Prussian War.
Louis Gustave Bouchereau was a French psychiatrist.
John Wyatt (1825–1874) was an English army surgeon.
James Jameson was a British army surgeon during the late 19th century, seeing service during the Franco-Prussian War and heading the Army Medical Services from 1896 to 1901, during which time the Royal Army Medical Corps was established.
The Franco-Irish Ambulance Brigade was a volunteer medical corps sent from Ireland to assist the French Army in the 1870–71 Franco-Prussian War. At the time Ireland was part of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and parliament had passed the Foreign Enlistment Act 1870 which, in most circumstances, prohibited British citizens from enlisting in foreign armies. As a non-combatant force the ambulance brigade was not covered by the act. Around 280 men joined the brigade which arrived in France in early October 1870. They served with the French armies of the North and of the Loire until the signing of the armistice in January 1871. The unit was controversial as only a minority of the men who enlisted were retained for ambulance service, with many choosing instead to fight in the French Foreign Legion. The British government investigated the unit for breaches of the 1870 act but no prosecutions were brought.
↑ "Franco-Prussian War: british ambulance stores at Metz. Wood engraving". Wellcome Collection. Retrieved 8 January 2019.
↑ "Medical Service in Warfare". New Zealand Medical Journal . 13 (56): 352–353. October 1914. Retrieved 6 December 2018.
↑ Horne, Alistair (2012). The Fall of Paris: The Siege and the Commune 1870–71. Pan Macmillan. p. 385. ISBN 9781447233558 . Retrieved 6 December 2018.
1 2 Taithe, Bertrand (1999). Defeated Flesh: Medicine, Welfare, and Warfare in the Making of Modern France. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 166. ISBN 9780742500495 . Retrieved 6 December 2018.
↑ Haller, John S. (2011). Battlefield Medicine: A History of the Military Ambulance from the Napoleonic Wars through World War I. SIU Press. p. 217. ISBN 9780809387878 . Retrieved 6 December 2018.
↑ Horne, Alastair (1965) The Fall of Paris: The Siege and the Commune 1870–71, pgs 167–168. Penguin Books, London. ISBN 978-0-14-103063-0
↑ Devlin, Patrick. "Sir Richard Wallace (1818–1890): Art Collector and philanthropist". Dictionary of Ulster Biography. Retrieved 10 December 2018.
1 2 "Lisburn benefactor Sir Richard Wallace was a man of international standing". Belfast News Letter. 25 June 2018. Retrieved 10 December 2018.
1 2 Weis, René (2015). The Real Traviata: The Song of Marie Duplessis. Oxford University Press. p. 259. ISBN 9780198708544.
1 2 British Medical Journal. British Medical Association. 1874.
↑ Art, Pictorial and Industrial: An Illustrated Magazine. S. Low, son, & Marston. 1871. p. 146. Retrieved 10 December 2018.
↑ Sheppard, Nathan (1871). Shut Up in Paris. Bernhard Tauchnitz. p. 257. Retrieved 10 December 2018.
↑ The New England Journal of Medicine. Massachusetts Medical Society. 1871. p. 331. Retrieved 10 December 2018.
1 2 Harris, Seale (1950). Woman's surgeon : the life story of J. Marion Sims. New York : The Macmillan Company. Retrieved 11 December 2018.
1 2 3 Crossland, James (2018). War, Law and Humanity: The Campaign to Control Warfare, 1853–1914. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 110. ISBN 9781350041233 . Retrieved 8 January 2019.
1 2 3 Ryan, Charles (1896). With an Ambulance During the Franco-German War 1870–1871. pp. Chapters 1–3. Retrieved 4 January 2019.
↑ WITH AN AMBULANCE DURING THE FRANCO-GERMAN WAR 1870-1871;Ryan, Charles E.; 368 pp; ISBN 9781845749538
1 2 Ryan, Charles (1896). With an Ambulance During the Franco-German War 1870–1871. pp. Chapters 4–7. Retrieved 4 January 2019.
↑ Sakula, Alex (29 June 2016). "Marcus Beck Library: Who Was Marcus Beck?". Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine. 78 (12): 1047–1049. doi:10.1177/014107688507801214. PMC 1290062 . PMID 3906125.
↑ Ryan, Charles (1896). With an Ambulance During the Franco-German War 1870–1871. pp. Chapters 8–11. Retrieved 4 January 2019.
1 2 Ryan, Charles (1896). With an Ambulance During the Franco-German War 1870–1871. pp. Chapters 12–16. Retrieved 4 January 2019.
↑ Ryan, Charles (1896). With an Ambulance During the Franco-German War 1870–1871. pp. Chapters 28–31. Retrieved 4 January 2019.
1 2 3 Power, D'Arcy. "Manley William George Nicholas". Dictionary of National Biography, 1912 supplement. Wikisource. Retrieved 10 December 2018.
↑ Keenan, Desmond (2005). Ireland 1850–1920. Xlibris Corporation. p. 66. ISBN 9781465318701 . Retrieved 10 December 2018.
1 2 Harvey, Dan (2016). Soldiers of the Short Grass: A History of the Curragh Camp. Merrion Press. p. 40. ISBN 9781785370656 . Retrieved 10 December 2018.
↑ "The Little Cross of Bronze". RTÉ Radio 1. Retrieved 4 January 2019.
1 2 3 4 5 National Society for Aid to the Sick and Wounded in War (1871). "Report of the operations of the British National Society for Aid to the Sick and Wounded in War during the Franco-German war, 1870–1871, together with a statement of receipts and expenditure and maps, reports, and correspondence. Harrison and Sons. Retrieved 10 December 2018.
1 2 3 Gill, Rebecca (2009). ""The Rational Administration of Compassion": The Origins of British Relief in War". Le Mouvement Social. 2 (227): 9–26. doi:10.3917/lms.227.0009.
↑ McCarthy, Michael. "The Franco-Irish Ambulance Brigade 1870–71" (PDF). Old Limerick Journal: 132. Archived (PDF) from the original on 31 January 2014. Retrieved 10 August 2018.
1 2 3 McCarthy, Michael. "The Franco-Irish Ambulance Brigade 1870–71" (PDF). Old Limerick Journal: 135. Archived (PDF) from the original on 31 January 2014. Retrieved 10 August 2018.
↑ McConnel, James; Ó Catháin, Máirtín (2008). "A training school for rebels: Fenians in the French Foreign Legion". History Ireland. 16 (6). Archived from the original on 29 November 2018. Retrieved 19 November 2018.
↑ Duquet, Alfred (1899). Ireland and France. er Baltimore: John Murphy company. p. 17. Retrieved 19 November 2018.
↑ Joye, Lar (3 September 2014). "The Ambulance Irlandais in the Franco-Prussian War – History Ireland". History Ireland – Artefacts. 22 (5). Archived from the original on 30 November 2018. Retrieved 10 August 2018.
↑ de Mazade, Charles (1873). La Guerre de France en 1870-71/04 – Wikisource (in French) (Tome 104 ed.). Revue des Deux Mondes. p. 26. Retrieved 28 November 2018.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Денихо́вка () — село, входит в Белоцерковский район Киевской области Украины.

История

Являлось селом Таращанского уезда Киевской губернии Российской империи. В 1868 году здесь насчитывалось 62 дома.

В ходе Великой Отечественной войны село оккупировали немецкие войска. В условиях оккупации здесь возникла советская подпольная группа, установившая связь с партизанским отрядом "Искра" и сорвавшая план гитлеровцев уничтожить находившийся в селе сахарный завод при отступлении.

В мае 1995 года Кабинет министров Украины утвердил решение о приватизации сахарного завода, в июле 1995 года было утверждено решение о приватизации совхоза, обеспечивавшего завод сырьём.

Население по переписи 2001 года составляло 2083 человека.

В июне 2001 года было возбуждено дело о банкротстве находившегося здесь сахарного завода. В феврале 2002 года завод был признан банкротом и началась процедура его ликвидации.

Местный совет
09832, Київська обл., Білоцерківський район, село Денихівка.

Примечания

Ссылки
 Дениховка на сайте Верховной рады Украины
 Административно-территориальное устройство Киевской области

Населённые пункты Тетиевского района

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Antonio de Aguiar Patriota (Rio de Janeiro, 27 april 1954) is een Braziliaans diplomaat en onafhankelijk politicus. Hij is sinds 2019 de ambassadeur van Brazilië in Egypte. Van 2011 tot 2013 was hij Minister van Buitenlandse Zaken in het kabinet-Rousseff onder president Dilma Rousseff.

Biografie

Patriota studeerde filosofie aan de Universiteit van Genève en internationale relaties in Brasilia en bekleedde enkele prominente posities binnen de Braziliaanse diplomatie. Zo was hij ambassadeur in de Verenigde Staten (2007-2009), Vice-Secretaris-Generaal voor Politieke Zaken van het Ministerie van Buitenlandse Zaken en kabinetschef van Minister van Buitenlandse Zaken Celso Amorim, die hij ook zou opvolgen in de functie.

Op 26 augustus 2013 nam hij ontslag na toegenomen spanningen met Bolivia. Een Boliviaanse senator, Roger Pinto Molina, had al voor 15 maanden zijn toevlucht gezocht tot de Braziliaanse ambassade in de hoofdstad La Paz toen hij naar de grens met Brazilië werd getransporteerd. Pinto had politiek asiel verkregen toen de Boliviaanse overheid hem wou aanhouden voor zijn betrokkenheid bij een staatsgreep. Bij die poging tot staatsgreep tegen de regering van Evo Morales vielen 19 doden in de gemeente El Porvenir. Pinto, als prefect van Pando zou hier mede verantwoordelijk voor zijn geweest. Bovendien had hij een stuk land van 22 hectare overheidseigendom verkocht voor €13.000, een "belachelijk" lage som. Pinto kreeg echter geen vrije doorgang van de ambassade in La Paz tot aan de Braziliaanse grens. Daarom vertrok hij op 23 augustus in het geheim, met de hulp van ambassadepersoneel. Deze actie zou indirect mogelijk gemaakt zijn met steun van Patriota, die zijn verantwoordelijkheid opnam op 27 augustus en ontslag nam als minister van Buitenlandse Zaken. Hij werd benoemd tot permanente vertegenwoordiger van Brazilië bij de Verenigde Naties in New York en werd als buitenlandminister vervangen door Luiz Alberto Figueiredo, zijn voorganger in New York. De post van permanent vertegenwoordiger bekleedde hij tot in november 2016. Daarna werd hij de ambassadeur van Brazilië in Italië, een post waar hij tot 2019 bleef. In dat jaar werd hij ambassadeur in Egypte.

Posities binnen de diplomatie
 1979-1982 - Diplomaat bij het bureau van de Verenigde Naties in Brasília
 1983-1985 - Diplomaat bij de Permanente Vertegenwoordiging bij de Wereldhandelsorganisatie
 1987-1988 - Diplomaat op de Braziliaanse ambassade in Peking
1988-1990 - Diplomaat op de Braziliaanse ambassade in Caracas
 1990-1992 - Diplomaat op het Secretariaat van het Ministerie van Buitenlandse Zaken
 1992-1994 - Diplomatiek adviseur voor de President van Brazilië
 1994-1999 - Diplomatiek adviseur bij de Permanente Vertegenwoordiging van Brazilië bij de Verenigde Naties in New York, onder meer in de VN-Veiligheidsraad
 1999-2003 - Permanente vertegenwoordiger bij de Verenigde Naties in Genève
 2003-2004 - Secretaris van Diplomatieke Planning op het Ministerie van Buitenlandse Zaken
 2004-2005 - Kabinetschef van Minister van Buitenlandse Zaken Celso Amorim
 2005-2007 - Vice-Secretaris-Generaal voor Politieke Zaken bij het Ministerie van Buitenlandse Zaken
 2007-2009 - Ambassadeur van Brazilië in de Verenigde Staten in Washington, D.C.
 2009-2010 - Secretaris-Generaal van het Ministerie van Buitenlandse Zaken
 2011-2013 - Minister van Buitenlandse Zaken
 2013- heden - Permanente vertegenwoordiger bij de Verenigde Naties in New York

Braziliaans ambassadeur
Braziliaans minister van Buitenlandse Zaken


Washington Avenue Pier: A Philadelphia, PA Restaurant.
There're plenty of ways to get a cool view of the Delaware River, but Pier 53 off Washington Ave is one of the best. Walk on the elevated boardwalk, then climb up the 55-foot-tall "Land Buoy," an art installation that doubles as a winding stairway overlooking the water.


Both practical and stylish! Top features include rain sensing wipers, a blind spot monitoring system, an outside temperature display, and leather upholstery. It features a standard transmission, all-wheel drive, and a refined 6 cylinder engine.


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Q: Union-Find using Hashmap in Java I am working on a union-find algorithm, using the following :
HashMap<E,E> parent = new HashMap<E,E>();

I have written this method to find the last member of a family
    public E find(E src)
    {
        while (parent.get(src) != null)
            src = parent.get(src);
        return src;
    }

It works, but the thing is that I am going to work on this hashmap with big sets ; so I want to modify the find method so that it sets find(src) as the "father" of src. But I can't do that as it is, and I have the intuition of the reason why : if I try to do a copy in the beginning of the method
E copy = src;

And then at the end of the method
parent.put(copy,src);

It doesn't work because it does not actually do a "proper" copy. I have tried cloning parent but it doesn't work either.
Thank you all, and merry christmas !

A: Maybe this?
public E find(E src)
{
    E mysrc= src;
    while (parent.get(mysrc) != null)
        mysrc= parent.get(mysrc);
    parent.put(mysrc,src);
    return mysrc;
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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DL Hughley Show Interviews
Home › DL Hughley Show Interviews
New York Mayor Says Policing In The City Was Broken
DLHS Staff
https://blackamericaweb.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/dlhs-interview-mayor-of-ny-bill-de-blasio_011718.mp3
D.L. got to talk to who he calls one of his favorite politicians right now New York Mayor Bill De Blasio. He won re-election in the city for his second term.
Before jumping into politics, Hughley had to share the pain in sometime being married to a Black woman.
"I'm like, 'only bad things are coming from me commenting on that," expressed De Blasio.
Being elected for a second term in the city means as a politician you're doing something right. Hughley wanted to know what De Blasio did to get re-elected.
"I think there's something very big going on and changing in this city," explained De Blasio. "But I think it's starting to change in the country too. People want boldness and they do not want half measures anymore. For example, when I ran I said, 'we have something broken in the way we were policing this city.'"
Don't Miss Out! Follow The D.L. Hughley Show on Twitter and Instagram & Keep Up On Facebook Too!
D. L. Hughley Show	, Mayor Bill DeBlasio	, policing	, re-election
Also On Black America Web:
The Ten Most Interesting Little Known Black History Facts
More From BlackAmericaWeb


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UQ Valedictorian awarded the 2021 Pre-Service teacher of the year
UQ Bachelor of Health, Sport and Physical Education (Honours) valedictorian Jacinta Cross was awarded the 2021 Pre-Service Teacher Award by the Australian Council for Health, Physical Education and Recreation (ACHPER) Queensland.
The award is designed to recognise the significant contributions made by an early career teacher who has completed outstanding professional experience, as well as promoting active and healthy lifestyles to the school or wider community.
Miss Cross has always had a passion for health and said teaching was the perfect outlet to share this with others to inspire healthier lifestyles.
"I love how teaching provides me with the opportunity to engage with youth and help shape future generations," Miss Cross said.
"Engaging through authentic relationships to encourage and support others' physical activity journeys was an added motivator in wanting to be a teacher".
"Studying at UQ was a no-brainer because of the world-class facilities, sense of community, and structure of the courses provided in the School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences - in particular throughout the BHSPE(Hons) program."
Across Miss Cross' participation in several extra-curricular activities and leadership experiences, one of her highlights during her time at UQ was writing a reflective essay with program convenor Dr Leigh Sperka and peer, Grace Clive that will be published soon.
The essay focuses on the value students have in collaborating with university staff members through partnerships.
"Sperka, Clive and I explored how our two student staff projects developed overtime, how they were productive, and what they taught us about students as partners," Miss Cross said.
"Writing a paper itself was a new, exciting experience which allowed me to reflect on the tangible skills I learnt from the partnership that I can incorporate into my teaching career."
Dr Leigh Sperka said Jacinta had made great contributions to the BHSPE(Hons) program during her time at UQ.
"These projects were just one of the many ways Jacinta helped to strengthen the BHSPE(Hons) program, and I know other BHSPE staff have also experienced her commitment to positively contributing to this program," Dr Sperka said.
"The BHSPE team were incredibly proud when we found out that she won the 2021 ACHPER QLD Pre-Service Teacher Award and that she is one of this year's valedictorians".
"Jacinta truly deserves this recognition for excelling in her coursework and professional placements, and for going above and beyond during her time as a student at UQ."
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Going Private: Climate Action by Businesses and Individuals
20 Pages Posted: 9 Mar 2018
See all articles by Daniel A. Farber
Daniel A. Farber
University of California, Berkeley - School of Law
Date Written: March 5, 2018
This is a review of a new book by Michael Vandenbergh and Jonathan Gilligan, Beyond Politics: The Private Governance Response to Climate Change. They make a persuasive case that private initiatives in this area have been underestimated. The review seeks to build on their analysis in two ways. First, it examines what features of private action make it more or less a form of "governance," and it suggests some ways the private sector could move further toward regulatory governance. Second, it considers ways to expand synergies between private action and governmental efforts. If, as seems likely, climate action is likely to be as much bottom-up as top-down, it is important to explore how the private sector can contribute to this effort.
Keywords: climate change, emissions reductions, environmental law
Farber, Daniel A., Going Private: Climate Action by Businesses and Individuals (March 5, 2018). Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3134549 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3134549
Daniel A. Farber (Contact Author)
University of California, Berkeley - School of Law ( email )
Boalt Hall


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Days after Hall of Fame induction, boxing icon Murphy dies - Albuquerque Journal
Days after Hall of Fame induction, boxing icon Murphy dies
By Rick Wright / Journal Staff Writer
Saturday, November 26th, 2022 at 5:34PM
Joe Louis Murphy, a prolific fighter spars in his home gym in Albuquerque on Oct. 6. (Mike Sandoval/For the Journal)
Timing, though not everything, is vitally important to a boxer — knowing when to jab, when to throw a power punch, when to be aggressive, when not to be, seeing the opening and exploiting it.
Joe Louis Murphy was too weak, too ill to travel to Roswell for the Nov. 19 New Mexico Boxing Hall of Fame induction ceremony. Yet, surrounded by family, he was able to watch himself being inducted (at long last) via streaming.
Timing was paramount. Three days later, Murphy, a talented boxer but more important a steward of the sport on multiple levels for seven decades, died from complications of COVID-19 at his West Side home. He was 86.
Murphy grew up in Albuquerque's South Valley, named by his parents for rising Detroit heavyweight Joe Louis.
Boxing came easily and naturally for him, an appetite whetted by sparring sessions with his older brothers in a makeshift ring — lines drawn in the dirt — behind their home. Murphy began boxing for real at age 16, winning a slew of titles as an amateur.
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His pro record as listed on boxrec.com, 13 wins, 11 losses, three draws, likely is incomplete. In any case, it does not adequately represent the talent and skill he brought into the ring.
Throughout his 11-year pro career, his scientific approach and southpaw stance made him a less than attractive opponent. To get fights, he often was forced to accept bouts in varying weight classes.
After losing five of his first seven listed bouts while stationed in Reno, Nevada in the Air Force, facing for the most part far more experienced fighters, Murphy came back to Albuquerque after his discharge. Fighting in his home state, he was 8-4-2.
Yet, his career in the ring might be the least of his contributions to the sport.
After retiring as a boxer at age 30, Murphy worked as a judge and a referee. Later, he became a promoter and a trainer.
As a trainer, Murphy never turned away anyone for lack of talent. If a young boxer embraced the dedication and respect for the sport that he demanded, that's all he asked. In return, Murphy gave far more than boxing lessons.
In 2015, Andre Galarza, a 33-year-old married man with three kids, decided he wanted to try his hand at boxing. Murphy agreed to train him.
Galarza found him to be an exacting teacher.
"He won't let you do anything unless it's perfect," Galarza said during an interview for an Albuquerque Journal story.
Far more important and far more lasting, Galarza said, was the imprint Murphy made as a human being.
"Such a beautiful heart on that man," he said. "Such a respectful individual."
A month ago, while in hospice care and requiring a walker to get around, Murphy was still training young boxers in his garage. Respect, he said, for the sport and for each other, was always the first and most important lesson.
As important as boxing had been in his life, Murphy was a multi-faceted man. He sold insurance, served in Vietnam with the Air National Guard, owned and operated a Downtown Albuquerque night club. Twice married, he raised four children.
Murphy's daughter, Sandi Kay Shelby, had been recording footage for a documentary chronicling her father's life in the months leading up to his death.
"He's done everything," she said. "He has memories of every major thing that happened in Albuquerque."
As an boxer turned actor, Murphy appeared in a film entitled "The Boxer," starring Robert Blake, and in an episode of the New Mexico-filmed TV series "In Plain Sight."
Asked during an October interview who he saw as the greatest heavyweight boxer of all time, Murphy passed on Louis, his namesake, and Muhammad Ali. Instead, Jack Johnson was his choice.
But, of Ali, he said, "He broke a lot of barriers."
His choice for the greatest boxer of all time, regardless of weight class, was Sugar Ray Robinson.
"The most scientific," he said, "best all around."
In their lifelong respect for the Sweet Science, he and Robinson shared common ground.
Home » From the newspaper » Days after Hall of Fame induction, boxing icon Murphy dies
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An outside perspective is valuable for growing companies.
You can't measure growth without a performance baseline.
Analyzing your website is a great starting point.
Company products and services need to be clear to customers.
Which products or services should you focus on?
What about your company do your customers value?
Set company goals for marketing to achieve.
Align marketing goals with the company's overarching goals.
Strategy and tactics can be created to achieve the company goal.
Set a marketing budget – even if it's arbitrary.
Spending money on marketing is essential for business growth.
Developing a marketing strategy that works requires trial and error.
My name is Graham Onak, owner of GainTap and online marketing consultant. I'm often asked about what I'll do in the first month at a company. The reality is before I'm even hired, a good deal of work is done during the proposal phase in order to understand the unique state of the client's business and to establish a baseline measurement.
If someone is interested in hiring me, they need help focusing their marketing efforts.
Most companies I speak with don't have dedicated marketing hires in-house. I'm usually coming in to assist a position that has been jointly held by the CEO or founder, a sales director and maybe a marketing assistant. Everyone is doing a little bit of marketing every once in awhile, but there's no clear direction or accountability for the company to market itself cohesively.
This is common among growing companies. They don't update processes or allocate resources because they're too busy fulfilling work. If there's an internal marketing person at the company, this person is usually too close to the work and can't see the big picture – everything is tactical instead of strategic.
This often means there's a lot of data floating around, but with no clear action being taken on it. Again, this is very common among fast-growing organizations that go from zero to six-figure plus revenues in a few years.
But, before you can create a strategy for getting somewhere, you have to understand where you are right now. Otherwise, you'll have no idea if things are improving or getting worse.
Luckily, analytics tools make that incredibly easy to measure, but it takes focus and experience to turn piles of data into useful information.
When I first meet a prospective client, I'll almost always ask for access to Google Analytics, or a similar app, before moving into the proposal stage. This helps me understand the website and the performance of other digital channels.
I'll ask myself the following questions: are they getting visits but no conversions? Do they have any visits at all?
A proposal of work for a startup vs. an established company is wildly different, so understanding the baseline is critical in terms of managing client expectations and developing an effective marketing strategy.
Strong products and services are much easier to market and sell. Clarifying your products and services is essential to marketing them effectively.
For companies with a selection of products, it's often best to focus on the big money makers. Sometimes my clients already know what this is; other times, they need help figuring it out.
I was once approached by a company that had been in business for twelve years. They just launched a new product that had been on the market for three months and it was already making up 33% of their revenue. Their goal was to shift 100% to this product for their main revenue within three years. Knowing that was helpful for me to develop a plan to make that happen.
It's important that – as an outsider of an organization – I fully understand their customers. That means meetings with sales personnel as well as analyzing customer information for buying patterns.
Understanding the value of a customer is critical to developing marketing budgets, which will assist with developing a marketing strategy and plan.
You absolutely have better customers. Pretending that all your customers are equal is an easy way to waste resources and fail to differentiate customer segments in a crowded market. Creating customer groups will enable you to use fewer marketing resources and have higher conversion rates by focusing efforts on high-value prospects.
Why do your current customers buy from you? Why would they pay a premium for your products and services? How does working with your company make them feel?
If you can't answer those questions, I know who can: your customers and your sales people are the primary groups who understand the value your company provides. Listening to them is essential to identify the true value your company provides in the market.
Who are your customer groups and what do they look like?
What's working and what's not working?
How can your marketing staff empower sales to sell better?
How can your sales staff empower marketing to market better?
What needs to be done to align the sales and marketing staff moving forward?
What are the marketing staff's strengths and weakness?
What marketing campaigns are running or planned for the future?
You know a great way to make sure you exercise regularly? Sign up for a 5K. Just knowing you have an obligation to run will encourage you to go out and run more often.
The same can be said for setting goals in marketing. Even if it feels like you have no idea what your goal should be, anything is better than nothing. Having a solid number to hit by a certain time will focus your efforts.
Most CEOs have a rough idea of what they want to accomplish – they may not know how to do it, but they have a number in their head. This can be anything from "selling 100 more tractors next year" to "increasing revenue by 30%." What it is, it gives us something to build on.
A deeper analysis of the company's performance will lead to a rough projection of metrics that need improvement.
If the company relies on its website for driving leads or sales, website metrics can shed light on conversion rates for forms and landing pages. Combined with product, service and customer value data, projections of visits, the cost per visit, estimated advertising costs and estimated revenue can be developed. This projection will help guide a strategy, marketing plan and budget to reach the company goals.
It creates accountability for spending money on growing the business.
It creates accountability for measuring how marketing is affecting revenue.
It provides clarity on what tactics are available for use in a marketing plan.
Just like trying to find the right movie on Netflix, there is an overwhelming number of tactics when it comes to marketing your business. But setting a marketing budget will help remove options from the table and make you focus on what's possible.
For companies with under $5 million in revenue, 8 percent of gross revenue is the suggested marketing budget spend, according to the Small Business Administration.
One way to think of it is this: 5 percent is maintaining your current position; 10 percent is slight growth; 15 percent or more is growth focused. This varies by industry and depends on the margins of your products and services.
If you're a $3 million company, you could be seeing growth by spending $300,000 a year on marketing. That's $25,000 a month covering wages and costs related to marketing, all of which can be written off by your accounting department.
If that's too much, spend at least 5% of your gross revenue on marketing to set a baseline.
Marketing is a science; it involves a lot of testing. Sometimes tests produce desired results. Sometimes they don't.
Measuring the effects of marketing tests is the only way a company can identify what works and what doesn't. If something doesn't work, change it. If it still doesn't work, change it again. If nothing makes it work, stop spending money on it and try something else. And of course, if something does work, spend money on it.


is a multipurpose human service organization dedicated to helping individuals, families, and communities address basic human needs. We help individuals and families by providing opportunities while supporting their efforts toward self-sufficiency. We help communities by identifying needs and finding resources.
Each year, thousands of people turn to WGAP for short-term assistance and long-term solutions to help them take control of their lives and their futures. Programs offering Nutrition Assistance, Housing, Emergency Shelter, Home Weatherization, Payee Services, Domestic Violence Prevention Services, and much more assure that WGAP is meeting the promise of Community Action.
Strengthening community by inspiring hope and helping people help themselves.


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Calling on the Colbert Nation: How fan practices complicate irony
Catherine Burwell
Irony, we know, is always a slippery proposition. It not only functions in the service of a wide array of political interests, but simultaneously subverts and legitimizes its targets. Still, we can go a step further in recognizing irony's ambiguities by seeing it not simply as a text or technique, but as a complex social interaction. As Linda Hutcheon suggests, irony (and parody, as a form of ironic representation) might be best viewed as a set of plural and shifting relations between text, context, ironist and interpreter. The complications of ironic interaction are particularly evident in the practices of the Colbert Nation, The Colbert Report's active fan base. At Colbert's invitation, fans have created videos, changed Wikipedia pages, and stuffed online ballots. Of their own accord, they have initiated several thriving fan sites and devoted countless threads to discussion of the show. Colbert himself has suggested that fans are essential to the Report's parody, playing the adoring audience to his self-aggrandizing media persona. But fans cannot be understood merely as one more character within Colbert's parody, for the meanings their practices generate can never be guaranteed nor wholly directed by the program's producers (despite their efforts to channel fan activity into profit and brand loyalty). While fan practices may indeed extend or support the parodic text, they just as routinely disrupt, overlook, question and rewrite its ironic intentions. We can see this dynamic at work in the program's "Green Screen Challenge," in which audience members were invited to edit video of Colbert as a Jedi warrior. While most of the fan submissions that made it on air upheld the program's parody, depicting Colbert as a right-wing hero fighting Democrats, peaceniks, and space creatures, many of those that did not took entirely different directions. "Angry Boy," shown here, places Colbert in a 1950 educational film as Tommy, a boy obsessed with space monsters. While juvenile silliness is certainly a component of Colbert's persona, here it becomes detached from his critique of right-wing media pundits. Instead, the creator channels the segment's mock-heroic tone into a playful commentary on the helping institutions and the puerile nature of Colbert's persona, reminding us that irony is an ambiguous communicative tool in which ironic texts and intentions are open to redirection from many sources, and in which meanings can never be prescribed.
Linda Hutcheon
Green Screen Challenge
Jedis
Thank you Catherine for
By Ted Gournelos
Friday, January 18, 2008 — 1:04 am
Thank you Catherine for bringing this in. It serves as a reminder of how ambiguity is different from ambivalence or dissonance in cultural production, and the limitations of irony (or the bricolage, assemblage, montage, and other forms of cultural appropriation celebrated by de Certeau, Hebdige, Fiske, Jenkins and other scholars). This clip in many ways DEpoliticizes a show that is HYPERpoliticized, while at the same time retaining the ironic persona that allows for discursive play. The only remaining active political function is this text as a production, then; in other words, as a participant in Colbert's Green Screen Challenge (similar to Jon Stewart's critique of the YouTube debates and Viacom/MTV/Comedy Central "intellectual property" litigation on The Daily Show). But we're left with an important question...how do almost anarchic expressions of irony, politically generated or not, function? When we look at the past few seasons of the Simpsons (or the Simpsons movie) we're confronted with the same issue...when is "politics" not active as the "political," if I may make that distinction?
It's refreshing at the same
By Jonathan Gray
It's refreshing at the same time that political parody and satire doesn't have to be political all the time, no? It would be tiring if Stewart, Colbert, etc. were wholly political. But, for instance, much of Stewart's schtick is just funny as silly schtick. When I interviewed Simpsons viewers who deeply loved its parody and satire, many also really appreciated that it could be sweet, endearing, juvenile, etc. at the same time. Thus, as unpolitical as this clip is, it's work like this that allows Colbert to be political at other times, and that plays a role in keeping his fans tuned in
I would agree with Jonathan.
By Amber Day
I would agree with Jonathan. While the logic of this piece is certainly different than that of the show, it is not, by any means, an oppositional reading of the Colbert Report. It still fits in with the show's silly playfullness and love of pop culture pastiche. And while it does point to interesting questions about the almost limitless possibilities for redirecting and transforming irony, as Catherine points out, in this case, it seems that the creative eagerness of Colbert's viewers to keep the ironic ball in play can only work in the show's favour. By even posing the green screen challenge to begin with, Colbert seems to have been daring his fans to take their fandom to the next level, becoming like the Trekkies who write their own fan fiction (whether it has anything to do with the actual plot of the program or not).
I'm curious about the extent
By Viveca Greene
Hampshire College
I'm curious about the extent to which Colbert fans identify themselves--and work they produce--as "political." Do we, as academics, use the term in ways fans themselves wouldn't? And if we do use it differently, or at least more enthusiastically, why is that the case?
Seeing as I don't want to
By Ian Reilly
Seeing as I don't want to reiterate what's already been discussed above, I'll make note of the parent clip's contribution to the Mental Health Film Board's Series entitled "Emotions of Every-Day Living." I'm wondering to what extent irony is quickly becoming (if it hasn't already become) a tactic of resistance embedded in the practices of everyday life. It seems to me that irony - as a rhetorical tool - is not the exclusive property of political satirists, culture jammers, ironic activists (or as we saw yesterday) right-wing Republicans; rather, irony is a crucial part of our meaning-making strategies in a media environment that encourages its consumption across a range of texts. This clip reminds us that irony is, as Catherine noted, a slippery proposition, one that remains attractive to a wide range of practitioners.
From: Irony and Politics-themed week
South Park's Ironic Whiteness
Ironic Authenticity: Reverend Billy and the Church of Stop Shopping
Two Words: Chuck Norris
By Catherine Burwell
Shirley, You Can't Be Serious: David Zucker's Praxis of Evil


Maternal early pregnancy vitamin D status in relation to low birth weight and small-for-gestational-age offspring.
Wang H1, Xiao Y2, Zhang L1, Gao Q1.
1 Department of Pediatric, the Second Hospital of Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi'an, China.
2 Department of Pediatric, the Second Hospital of Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi'an, China. Xiaoyfxju29 at 163.com.
Search VitaminDWiki for SGA OR "small for gestational age"
Maternal vitamin D deficiency is an independent risk factor for fetal growth. We examined the associations between maternal vitamin D status (defined by 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D]) at the first prenatal visit and measures of newborn and placental weight, in a large China cohort of singleton, term, live births. From July 2015 to June 2016, women delivering singleton, term, live births with 25(OH)D measured at a first prenatal visit (N=747). Birth weight, placental weight, the placental to fetal weight ratio, and small for gestational age (SGA) were measured. The relationship between levels of 25(OH)D and SGA were evaluated using univariate and multivariate regression analysis. Vitamin D deficiency was defined as 25(OH)D less than 20 ng/ml. In those women, 76.9% (95%CI: 74%-78%) were defined as vitamin D deficiency. Incidence of SGA was also high (13.3%; 95%CI: 10.8%-15.7%).
We found a nonlinear relation between 25(OH)D and birth weight as well as head circumference (P <0.01).
Birth weight and head circumference increased by 69 [95%CI: 38-122] g and 0.31 (0.22-0.40) cm, respectively, per 1ng/ml increase in maternal 25(OH)D up to 20 ng/ml and then leveled off thereafter.
The SGA distribution across the 25(OH)D quartiles ranged between 3.7% (fourth quartile) to 24.1% (first quartile).
For each 1 unit decrease of plasma concentration of 25(OH)D, the unadjusted and adjusted risk of SGA increased by 19% (odds ratio 1.19 [95% CI 1.13-1.25], P <0.001) and 9% (1.08 [1.03-1.16], P=0.009), respectively.
In a multivariate model using the vitamin D deficiency vs. other together with the clinical variables, the adjusted risk of SGA increased by 205% (odds ratio 3.05 [95% CI 2.24-4.40], P=0.001). Maternal vitamin D insufficiency is common during pregnancy and is independently associated with low birth weight and high risk of SGA in term infants.


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All Things Zombie: Better Dead Than Zed
Miniatures Wargame/RPG System
Available now from Two Hour Wargames
Review by Brad Harmer
There is nothing quite so hard to review in the world as this: the flawed masterpiece.
This is the second incarnation of All Things Zombie: Better Dead Than Zed from Two Hour Wargames, re-planned, re-mastered, and packing a campaign system. And first things first - this game is huge. The scope for long-term campaigns, encounters and resource management in a post-outbreak world is of the type normally only seen in RPGs, and if you got into this game, there is more than enough here to keep you occupied for at least a year's worth of gaming, if not more.
Players take the part of "Stars" of their own zombie story, with a posse of NPC "grunts" as their sidekicks, friends, dependents and disposable assests. The game mechanics take care of the zombies, so there's no need for a GM, and co-operative play is possible, with multiple Stars of the story. Players determine a few base stats, and away they go.
Like most wargames, the rulebook is designed for reference purposes rather than to learn from. As a reference work, it's great. Sections are easy to find, the index is comprehensive, and everything is clearly laid out on the page. Trying to learn the game from scratch, however, is a little harder, as the subject seems to jump about from subject to subject. Two sections on setting up terrain? Not introducing the zombies until halfway through the rules? The game system seems like a hell of a mess on paper, and certainly needed a more concise turn-sequence reference sheet, and possibly a few more detailed examples of play. Once you get your head round it though, it seems innovative, attempting to blend the best elements of wargaming, RPGs and video games.
With that said, All Things Zombie is quite possibly the only zombie campaign game you will ever need. Zombies!!!, Zombie Plague and Last Night On Earth are trashy zombie blasters, in the vein of The Evil Dead and Braindead, but All Things Zombie is dirty, gritty and base...like The Walking Dead, or 28 Days Later. Running a campaign in All Things Zombie, you will discover that humans can be more dangerous than zombies, fuel and food are valuable, and chainsaws are much more trouble than they're worth. The is the Advanced Squad Leader of survival horror - and I mean that in the best way.
Like many works before it - Nine Inch Nails' The Fragile, The Smashing Pumpkins' Mellon Collie and the Infinite Sadness, or even Francis Ford Coppola's Apocalypse Now - All Things Zombie is both blessed and cursed by its depth and length. The aforementioned works may be clunky and unwieldy, but to edit or truncate them in any way would dimish their impact as a whole. All Things Zombie suffers exactly the same flaw - but these flaws are side effects of the impressive bigger picture.
All Things Zombie is not recommended for the casual gamer. It's complex, and requires a fair amount of record keeping if you intend to play it to its fullest. Those who are looking for a truly realistic and gritty zombie "sim", however...look no further...it has arrived. - 8/10
All Things Zombie is available from RPGNow.Com priced $20.00 (£12.50).
Puroresu
Sourcebook for The Squared Circle RPG
Available now from Day Dreamer Interactive
Review by Rob Wade
Have you ever dreamed of being a wrestler? Of course you have, it's only natural for somebody of age E14. The pyros, the theme music, the thousands upon thousands of adoring fans chanting your name or telling you that you suck. Either way, it's nice to be being talked about.
Well, chances are that's never going to happen for you, so why not stay indoors and play an RPG instead?
Puroresu is an expansion to the already extensive Squared Circle Wrestling RPG system, adding a cavalcade of new features including:
• 6 new classes
• 11 new skills
• New Hardcore Weapons and Deathmatches
• Backstage Combat Areas
• Targeted Submission and Damage System
• Status Effect rules
• Increased character level cap (15)
• Multi-class characters
In addition, the creator has seen fit to furnish purchasers of this sourcebook with an updated character sheet to encompass all the extra features and allow you to start integrating them straight away, which is handy really, being as this book does really make a tremendous difference to the game mechanics.
The rule book also includes a number of new characters, as part of two new main federations. To say that this book represents value for money is an understatement. However, part of the fun is that you can create your own character, which the framework in place allows for to a tremendous level.
Let's get straight to what I like about this book. Having given it a go myself, I can say with utmost authority that this game works at a technical level. My co-writer Brad and I spent an evening testing out the mechanics using a severely cut-down version to resolve matches, bearing in mind that we had never played the game before.
Even with that in mind, the system allows you to effectively resolve a Pay-Per-View card quickly, with good and varied results for every show. The system flows easily, and if you get into it, it genuinely does feel like you're running a wrestling federation (though there's no option to ruin the ending of the competing shows, Eric Bischoff style – though I'm sure there's a sourcebook on the way that addresses that).
The level of detail in this system is nothing short of superb. It's clear that a lot of work has gone into it, and it shows: There is nothing conceivable that you could think of to do with wrestling that is missing from either the base rulebook or this expansion. At a push, you could say the Chris Benoit "child-suplex" expansion is not included, but be honest with yourself: are you really going to use that move often, especially considering the end result of that particular heated and personal feud?
It's clear that a lot of love has gone into this sourcebook, as evidently Eric Moreau is good at envisaging which parts need to go together and which don't, creating a complete set of rules for each different area of the expansion.
Saying that, the book does seem like it could easily have been truncated into smaller volumes and still have been viable. Obviously, if you want all the aspects of this volume, it's an absolute bargain, but then if you would only need one of those elements, you might feel like you don't really get your money's worth (though if you do, just remember that anything with a set of statistics for "hot coffee to the face" has got to be worth picking up no matter what the cost!).
That said, anyone who wants a truly involving gameplay experience themed around professional wrestling would be an absolute fool to ignore Eric Moreau's Squared Circle system. The Puroresu sourcebook can be purchased from RPGNow.com, priced $11.50 (£7.25) along with the original rulebook. Please support this guy, his work is simply superb. - 9/10
The base rulebook for The Squared Circle is currently available in the Emotionally Fourteen Amazon Store. The price you pay is the same as buying from Amazon, and Amazon donate a percentage of the sales toward our hosting costs.
Hi, dispute moment here. ATZ: Better Dead than Zed is wonderful... no arguements... I was eagerly waiting for it to be released and haven't been disappointed. My dispute is with your comment on Zombie Plague being a Trashy Zombie Blaster. ATZ 2.0 is what you play when you've been down in the dirt for a while and you want to play the game like you were living in a movie. Zombie Plague is the game you play to get down and dirty in the first place... it's fun easy to get into and does not have the initially intimidating ruleset that ATZ 2.0 does. Zombies and LNOE are both cheap knockoffs of the real thing... no arguement... but ZP is a gateway zombie game for zed head enthusiasts. Good review otherwise... TwoHourWargames works hard for each gem they put their time into for us.
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Un virus multiplateforme est un virus informatique capable d'infecter plusieurs systèmes d'exploitation à partir d'un seul fichier exécutable.

Mise en œuvre
Les différents systèmes d'exploitation étant en général très dissemblables, écrire un virus multiplate-forme est une tâche complexe. Il existe principalement deux techniques pour la création d'un virus multiplate-forme :
 on utilise des tests pour déterminer les plates-formes à infecter,
 on écrit un code complètement portable, le plus souvent en assembleur, mais dans un tel cas le processeur cible est imposé.

Mode de propagation
Ce type de virus n'a pas de contrainte particulière concernant sa propagation, autre que celle existant sur des virus communs.

Virus multiplateformes célèbres
Le virus Winux  est certainement le virus multiplateforme le plus connu : il peut infecter les exécutables ELF de Linux, et les  exécutables PE de Microsoft Windows.

Notes et références

Sécurité informatique


Alpine Super-Duty Straight Plow – McIntosh Power & Leisure Inc.
Color Black 60" Yellow 60" Black 54" Yellow 54"
Super-duty plow blade made from 12-gauge steel.
When angled, 54" (137 cm) blade clears 48" (123 cm) path.
When angled, 60" (152 cm) blade clears 53½" (136 cm) path.
Blade swivels left or right, 5 positions.