text:
A operação Brother Sam foi a utilização da Marinha e Força Aérea dos Estados Unidos em apoio ao golpe de Estado no Brasil em 1964. Com a deterioração nas relações com o governo de João Goulart e a atitude favorável aos grupos em conspiração contra ele, surgiu a ideia de uma operação para garantir o sucesso de uma sublevação. A questão foi discutida entre o embaixador dos EUA no Brasil, Lincoln Gordon, e oficiais em Washington ao longo do governo do presidente John F. Kennedy e seu sucessor Lyndon B. Johnson. Pensaram em apoio logístico, o posicionamento de uma esquadra no litoral brasileiro para "mostrar a bandeira" e mesmo, numa situação extrema, num plano para uma gigantesca operação terrestre, que não chegou a ser usado. A operação foi planejada mantendo contato com conspiradores brasileiros como o general Castelo Branco, e tinha como pressuposto a formação de um governo provisório que solicitasse ajuda externa.

Com a deflagração do golpe de Estado, a operação foi acionada para transferir pelo mar combustíveis como gasolina aos militares insurretos, deixar uma esquadra perto do Brasil e levar suprimentos bélicos por via aérea. O componente naval consistia no porta-aviões USS Forrestal, um porta-helicópteros e seis destróieres da Segunda Frota, além de quatro petroleiros. O porta-aviões partiu da Virgínia, enquanto os petroleiros deveriam carregar no Caribe. O componente aéreo eram sete aviões , oito aviões de abastecimento, um de apoio e socorro aéreo, oito caças, um avião de comunicações, um posto de comando aerotransportado, armas e munição. O general da Força Aérea  recebeu o comando da missão, que foi coordenada pelo Comando Sul, no Panamá.

Enquanto carregamentos aguardavam nas bases aéreas, os navios começaram a deixar seus portos. Entretanto, os militares oposicionistas no Brasil rapidamente derrubaram o governo de Goulart, e Castelo Branco informou que o apoio logístico não seria necessário. A operação foi, assim, desativada antes de ter efeito físico no Brasil, mas demonstrou a disposição intervencionista do governo americano. Com a desclassificação de documentos, ela veio à público em 1976–1977.

Contexto

Após a Revolução Cubana em 1959, a atitude do governo americano com líderes de esquerda na América Latina endurecia. Entre eles estava o governo de João Goulart no Brasil. Jango, como era conhecido, preocupou os Estados Unidos com suas políticas internas e externas, e as relações bilaterais deterioraram. A Aliança para o Progresso, que seria forma moderada de influenciá-lo, não atingiu seus objetivos, e Washington passou a enfraquecer o governo brasileiro com medidas como o financiamento das campanhas eleitorais oposicionistas em 1962 e o redirecionamento da assistência econômica a governadores oposicionistas.

A partir de um determinado período, disputado na literatura, Washington tornou-se favorável à destituição de Goulart. Desde 1961 alguns grupos de militares brasileiros conspiravam contra o governo, e a Embaixada estava ciente desses movimentos. Em 1963, o governo americano já procurava um grupo nas Forças Armadas capaz de destituir Goulart. Enquanto isso, ao final desse ano desenvolvia planos de contingência e trabalhava em cima do que fazer no caso de uma rebelião. Surgiu a preocupação dela precisar de apoio americano para ter sucesso; em 7 de outubro, Kennedy perguntou a Gordon sobre a possibilidade de ser necessária uma intervenção. Um documento do Departamento de Estado de novembro menciona um novo plano de contingência com "ênfase pesada na intervenção armada dos EUA".  A Brother Sam nasceu a partir de um plano de contingência, que, porém, tinha escopo mais amplo.

Desenvolvimento da operação

Discussões na cúpula americana
A versão do plano de contingência de 11 de dezembro de 1963, provavelmente em desenvolvimento desde os meses anteriores, elencava quatro possibilidades. A terceira, o afastamento de Goulart, era semelhante ao ocorrido de fato. A segunda era:

Os conspiradores militares eram chamados de "forças democráticas". A seu pedido,

O documento salienta que sua descoberta prematura seria prejuízo político. Da mesma forma, uma intervenção aberta seguida da vitória de Goulart contra seus opositores seria um constrangimento. A ideia de uma força-tarefa naval não estava presente no início, mas havia espaço para ela na possibilidade de "intervir com força apenas se houvesse intervenção soviética ou cubana", o que poderia aludir até mesmo a uma operação terrestre.

Em meados de março de 1964, a Embaixada podia constatar o acirramento da crise política, a união dos conspiradores militares na figura do general Castelo Branco, que poderia dar um golpe de Estado, e a adesão dos governadores à conspiração. Uma reunião na Casa Branca em 20 de março e outra na Embaixada, pouco depois, estabeleceram o envio de um porta-aviões e navios petroleiros para apoiar a oposição. A primeira tinha o pressuposto de que, mesmo com os partidários de Castelo Branco tomando a maior parte do país, poderia haver resistência no Rio Grande do Sul e Pernambuco, e uma presença naval no litoral seria demonstração de força em favor dos rebeldes, "mostrando a bandeira". Lincoln Gordon posteriormente declarou que um dos objetivos da força-tarefa seria evacuar os cidadãos americanos em território brasileiro. Isso é possível, mas não é mencionado na sua correspondência com o secretário de Estado em 1964.

A ideia foi criticada por alguns especialistas numa reunião na Casa Branca. Para , conselheiro de Segurança Nacional, "a punição não parece combinar com o crime". O general  não entendeu como a esquadra poderia ajudar os oposicionistas. Lincoln Gordon teve que enfrentar oposição de seus superiores para fazer valer suas ideias, destacando-se como figura central de todo o apoio aos conspiradores militares brasileiros.

O abastecimento de combustível evitaria que partidários de Goulart na Petrobras cortassem o suprimento. Essa preocupação havia sido transmitida à Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) pelo empresário paulista Alberto Byington. Por outro lado, o plano de dezembro de 1963 já mencionava o combustível e estabelecia que suas providências deveriam ser garantidas, evidenciando que a ideia não nasceu na última hora. Além do combustível, havia a preocupação com os armamentos. Gordon já havia registrado no plano de defesa interna do Brasil, de 20 de março, a pobreza de equipamento das forças de segurança brasileiras.

Governo provisório e estado de beligerância
O plano de contingência de dezembro de 1963 estabelecia uma condição para o apoio logístico:

Da mesma forma, no momento do golpe o Departamento de Estado especificou que o fornecimento de combustível e munição só poderia vir após "o ponto no qual algum grupo tendo razoável reivindicação de legitimidade consiga formalmente pedir reconhecimento e ajuda de nós e se possível de outras repúblicas americanas". A situação de insurgência ou beligerância regularizaria a oposição no plano legal. A constituição desse novo governo, porém, dependeria dela, sugerindo o contato de conspiradores brasileiros com os planos americanos. O elo entre essa ideia e a conspiração brasileira era o senador Afonso Arinos de Melo Franco.

Magalhães Pinto, governador de Minas Gerais, lançou seu estado em rebelião em conjunto com a guarnição local do Exército, na abertura do golpe de Estado. Na véspera, nomeou um secretariado suprapartidário "de união hermética", incluindo uma Secretaria sem Pasta reservada a Afonso Arinos. Chamado a Belo Horizonte no dia 31, sua função seria de "chanceler da revolução", "o primeiro chanceler da República fora do Itamarati", encarregado justamente de conseguir no exterior o reconhecimento da beligerância. Segundo ele, Magalhães estendeu esse convite pela primeira vez em novembro de 1963, quando mencionou a possibilidade de uma resistência prolongada de Minas Gerais; sua atuação permitiria, por exemplo, a compra de armas no exterior. Em suas palavras,

O governo mineiro pretendia usar o Porto de Vitória para receber armamento estrangeiro, especialmente americano. Conseguiu o consentimento do governador do Espírito Santo e definiu que a Polícia Militar de Minas Gerais defenderia esse corredor logístico. No momento da rebelião, ela organizou próximo às fronteiras fluminense e capixaba o "Destacamento Leste", com o 6º e 11º Batalhões de Infantaria. Ainda assim, uma rebelião poderia ser esmagada logo no início, pois o abastecimento externo demoraria dias para chegar. No caso de uma guerra civil, Minas Gerais estaria em desvantagem mesmo se conseguisse armas para 50 mil voluntários. A CIA relatou que o Porto de Vitória seria necessário para receber combustível, e os rebeldes tinham como controlá-lo.

Gordon chegou a enviar uma mensagem a vários governadores sobre a necessidade da formação de um governo com legitimidade. A CIA relatou que, no caso de conflito aberto no Brasil, a Argentina solicitaria intervenção da OEA no Brasil.

Afonso Arinos teve relevância durante o golpe ao informar seu envolvimento planejado ao deputado San Tiago Dantas. Na manhã de 1º de abril, Dantas disse a Jango que o Departamento de Estado americano estaria disposto a reconhecer um governo paralelo dos rebeldes. Isso foi um dos motivos para a saída do presidente do Rio de Janeiro.

A hipótese de um desembarque
Na sua conversa com Kennedy em outubro de 1963, Lincoln Gordon mencionou que:

Tal operação excederia em muito a escala da presença no Vietnã, onde no final de 1963 estavam  militares americanos. Ela é comparável ao plano "Pot of Gold", elaborado em 1940, com a previsão do desembarque de 100 mil homens no Brasil. Esse plano ainda não foi desclassificado. Há divergência de opiniões sobre fazer parte ou ser distinto da Brother Sam. O plano de contingência vagamente aludia à possibilidade no caso de interferência comunista externa. A operação aeronaval desencadeada durante o golpe, porém, não incluía desembarque de tropas. Em 30 de março o secretário de Estado Dean Rusk notou que "num país de mais de 75 milhões de pessoas, maior que os Estados Unidos continentais, isso não é um trabalho para um punhado de fuzileiros navais."

Conforme Carlos Fico, a entrega de suprimentos nos portos brasileiros ainda exigiria uma pequena presença terrestre, e, no caso de um conflito interno no Brasil, seria possível encontrar alguma interferência comunista externa como pretexto para uma intervenção militar. Nesse caso, seria preciso consultar o Congresso americano e a Organização dos Estados Americanos, um "cenário realmente chocante". Jacob Gorender nota que os navios não traziam contingentes terrestres, e o crescente envolvimento no Vietnã dificultaria uma segunda frente no Brasil. Moniz Bandeira enfatiza a possibilidade de uma invasão. Elio Gaspari escreve que "não há registro documentado que previsse um imediato desembarque de tropa".

Reta final
A operação foi planejada em cooperação com brasileiros, tendo o general José Pinheiro de Ulhoa Cintra como intermediário. Em 28 de março, Gordon registrou como as preocupações logísticas vinham dos conspiradores e, na semana seguinte, seriam especificadas através do contato entre o general Cintra e o adido militar Vernon Walters. Na interpretação de Marco Antonio Villa, a operação poderia ter em mente o golpe castelista programado para a primeira quinzena de abril, o que permitiria aos navios já estarem perto do Brasil no momento da deflagração. No dia 27, um memorando de Lincoln Gordon previu o clímax da crise política em poucos dias, com Castelo Branco como líder da "revolução".

Informes da CIA em Minas Gerais no dia 30 registraram o início iminente do movimento. Na madrugada do dia 31, o general Olímpio Mourão Filho, comandante do Exército em Minas Gerais, precipitou o golpe de Estado, à revelia de Castelo Branco e os outros conspiradores no Rio de Janeiro e São Paulo.

A força-tarefa em ação

Acionamento
Às 11:30, uma reunião de alto nível em Washington discutiu a capacidade de apoio aéreo e naval. Num telegrama enviado à Embaixada, definiram o dilema entre "não deixar passar uma oportunidade que talvez não se repita" e "não pôr o governo dos EUA à frente de uma causa perdida". Além da esquadra e abastecimento de combustível propostos pela Embaixada, foi aprovado também o envio de armas e munições. Às 13:50 o contra-almirante John L. Chew determinou o envio da força-tarefa com o porta-aviões USS Forrestal e dois  para as vizinhanças de Santos, onde poderia receber novas ordens. Paralelamente, também seria enviado um grupo de apoio de helicópteros, embarcados num navio acompanhado de quatro destróieres. Esses navios pertenciam à Segunda Frota na 4ª Divisão de Porta-Aviões e 162ª e 262ª Divisões de Destróieres. A força-tarefa do Forrestal deveria partir de Norfolk, Virgínia, às 07:00 do dia 1, hora local (09:00 no Rio). Os navios demorariam alguns dias para se reunirem. A força-tarefa com o porta-aviões era esperada na área cerca de 10 ou 11 de abril, e o grupo de apoio de helicópteros, no dia 14.

Sob sigilo, navios-tanque seriam carregados em Aruba a partir das 19:00 (horário do Rio) do dia 31 e posteriormente enviados na direção do Brasil. A carga de gasolina comum seria o equivalente a um dia de consumo no Brasil a nível de 1977. Na manhã do dia 2, um deles, o , estava pronto para partir. Tinha como destino Montevidéu, Uruguai, mas a 10 ou 11 de abril estaria perto do Rio de Janeiro. Havia ainda a alternativa de transportar combustível por via aérea.

Para o transporte aéreo, 250 espingardas de caça calibre .12 seriam transferidas à , em Porto Rico, às 03:00 (horário do Rio) do dia 1. Enquanto isso, até o meio dia (horário do leste americano) 110 toneladas de armas portáteis e munição chegariam à , em Nova Jérsei. A força aérea seria de aproximadamente sete C-135 (seis para transporte e um de apoio), oito caças de escolta, até oito aviões de abastecimento, um de apoio de socorro aéreo, um de comunicações e um posto de comando aerotransportado. Também seria transportado gás lacrimogênio para controle de multidões. No telegrama do Departamento de Estado à Embaixada em 31 de março, a previsão era de que, havendo condições para o envio, ele demoraria de 24 a 36 horas e teria como destino Campinas. Outro telegrama previa o pouso no Recife.

O general da Força Aérea George S. Brown foi designado comandante da missão, enquanto o general Breitweiser, chefe das forças aéreas no Comando Sul, passou a comandar a Força-Tarefa Conjunta do Comando Sul. A partir das 07:00 (09:00 no horário do Rio), essa força-tarefa, com oficiais do Exército, Marinha, Aeronáutica e CIA reuniu-se na Base da Força Aérea no Panamá para coordenar a logística da operação.

Cancelamento
No dia 1, altos funcionários em Washington, preocupados com a possibilidade do apoio aberto à rebelião beneficiar Jango, perguntaram à Embaixada se "o impulso continuaria do lado anti-Goulart sem incentivo oculto ou ostensivo de nossa parte". Lincoln Gordon respondeu que "o impulso claramente pegou" e o apoio aberto seria erro político. Acrescentou que Ademar de Barros, governador de São Paulo, e outros paulistas haviam solicitado combustível e presença naval ostensiva, mas não eram importantes. Os americanos estavam bem informados do decurso dos eventos no Brasil e em contato com Castelo Branco. Este declarou a Gordon não precisar de apoio logístico, e a partir de então a operação começou a ser desmontada. Às 17:30, o embaixador relatou da "rebelião democrática 95% vitoriosa".

Em relatório enviado a 01:00 da madrugada no dia 2, Gordon esclareceu que o combustível e os armamentos ainda poderiam ser necessários, pois o controle sobre as refinarias ainda não era garantido e ainda havia resistência no Terceiro Exército. Às 16:00, Castelo Branco confirmou que a última resistência militar no Terceiro Exército havia acabado. A ordem para a dissolução da Força-Tarefa Conjunta veio às 17:22, entrando em efeito às 20:00. Às 16:30 (horário do Rio) do dia 3, determinou-se que "a situação atual no Brasil não exigirá a presença da Força-Tarefa com porta-aviões em águas oceânicas ao Sul do país", como sugerido por Gordon no meio do dia anterior.

A operação transformou-se no treinamento "Quick Kick", após o qual os navios retornaram à normalidade. O diário de bordo do Forrestal registra como o porta-aviões saiu de  no dia 1, dirigiu-se a 17º N 60º W e voltou, ancorando novamente no dia 8. No dia 3, Dean Rusk informou Gordon que, com a desativação militar, os custos de US$ 2,3 milhões dos petroleiros não seriam cobertos pelo orçamento e poderiam ter que ser embolsados pelo Brasil, o que não chegou a ocorrer. À tarde o general O'Meara dispensou os comandos aéreos, mantendo apenas o movimento de combustível. À noite, os Chefes Conjuntos do Estado-Maior cancelaram o transporte aéreo e o petrolífero. Os petroleiros continuaram em movimento até 4 ou 5 de abril, enquanto as armas e munição permaneceram nas bases até 7 de abril.

Descoberta
Após o golpe, surgiram alguns indícios de uma operação militar americana. O brasilianista Thomas Skidmore mencionou num artigo à época que conspiradores brasileiros solicitaram apoio material a diplomatas americanos. Quatro anos depois, durante uma entrevista de Carlos Lacerda ao programa televisivo Firing Line, um marinheiro no auditório afirmou que, à época, seu navio recebeu ordem de seguir ao Brasil. Alguns conspiradores também fizeram menção, como Mourão Filho, que admitiu saber da possível aproximação de uma esquadra. Entretanto, Lincoln Gordon e Vernon Walters negavam que houvesse mais do que um acompanhamento velado dos acontecimentos.

Nas palavras de Elio Gaspari, "a frota americana só foi avistada doze anos depois". A operação veio a público através da historiadora Phyllis R. Parker. Como parte de seu programa de mestrado, iniciado em 1974, ela acessou documentos recém-liberados na Biblioteca Lyndon B. Johnson. Com a ajuda do próprio Gordon para interpretar os documentos, encontrou eventos ausentes dos livros de história de Skidmore e John W. F. Dulles e em contradição com a versão oficial de funcionários americanos. Sua dissertação foi publicada em português em 1977 como "1964: O Papel dos Estados Unidos no Golpe de 31 de Março". O jornalista Marcos Sá Corrêa também examinou os documentos e publicou artigos no Jornal do Brasil, posteriormente reunidos no livro "1964 visto e comentado pela Casa Branca".

Ver também
 Atividades da CIA no Brasil
 Envolvimento dos Estados Unidos em mudanças de regime
 Operação Condor

Referências

Fontes

Livros

Artigos e trabalhos

Jornais, revistas e sites

Documentos

Ligações externas

 Brazil Generals' Coup (1964). Globalsecurity.org.

Golpe de Estado no Brasil em 1964
Relações entre Brasil e Estados Unidos
Operações militares envolvendo os Estados Unidos

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Live updates as doctor tells jury Chelmsford man's alleged stab wound to ex 'could have been 12cm deep'
The prosecution will call their final witnesses today
Lottie O'NeillMultimedia Journalist
Updated 15:28, 4 JAN 2018
The third day of a Chelmsford man on trial for attempted murder will proceed today (Thursday, January 4).
Terry Margetson, 43, is on trial for attempted murder against ex-girlfriend, Gemma Saye, and wounding with intent against Neil Barden, where he has pleaded not guilty.
The alleged incident occurred at Miss Saye's home in Rookes Crescent, Chelmsford, on July 6 last year, following the defendant finding out that she had a new boyfriend.
Mum of Chelmsford man Terry Margetson accused of attempting to murder his ex 'was expecting the phone call'
He has also been charged with three other counts, including, wounding with intent against Miss Saye, unlawful wounding against Mr Barden, and the breach of a court-ordered five year restraining order, banning him from contacting Miss Saye. Margetson has pleaded guilty to these three counts.
Yesterday, (Wednesday, January 3), the prosecution called Miss Saye, Mr Barden, and Margetson's mother, Mrs Fitt to take the witness stand.
Margetson is on trial accused of attempting to murder Miss Saye (Image: Facebook)
Chelmsford Crown Court heard how Miss Saye and Margetson had been exchanging messages, as well as arranging to meet, just two days before the incident, with Miss Saye stating she didn't "recall" the communication between the pair.
Chelmsford man Terry Margetson told his ex-girlfriend 'you ripped my heart out' days before stabbing her
Mr Barden took to the stand and told the court that he "needed to get out" when Margetson attacked him in Miss Saye's kitchen. He also said, at the time of the incident, him and Miss Saye had been in a relationship for "a couple of weeks."
The prosecution plan to invite a medical professional in today to discuss the injuries sustained during the incident to Miss Saye and Mr Barden, as well as police officers who attended the scene.
Follow our live updates of the trial throughout the day for the latest information.
Margetson allegedly told police: "I was going to come and see you" 15:07
Margetson was staring at the officers with "large, wide eyes" 15:05
Police dog found "blooded light beige t-shirt" 14:44
Former PC Stebbing said: "The flesh hanging off of her face" 13:03
"There was so much blood on Gemma" 12:56
Judge sends home jury for today
The judge has sent the jury home for this afternoon, as the prosecuting case cannot be completed today and will resume on Monday morning.
Following this, the defence will begin their case also on Monday.
The trial has been adjourned until Monday (January, 8) at 10:30 AM.
Another police officer said that Margetson's "Eyes were darting all over the place"
Mr Peter Clark read out a third police statement in open court, that of Police Constable Louise Martin, who was with PC King in search for Margetson on July 6 2017.
Her statement read of Margetson: "[His] Eyes were darting all over the place. I thought he was going to fall over. [He said he had taken] Different pills, [then that] he had taken all the pills [and that he started] to feel faint and felt like he was going to be sick.
"He began gagging so I requested an ambulance to our location."
"Drugs and stuff"
The statement continued: "He kept mentioning wanting to look for the phone. He said: "I need to search that area as I have left some items there", [when we asked what the items were he replied:] "Drugs and stuff".
PC Alison King and PC Louise Martin then handcuffed Margetson, and told him he was being arrested on suspicion of attempted murder. Margetson made no reply.
He was arrest at 9:35AM on July 6 2017, almost two hours following the incident.
PC King and PC Martin then went in search for the rucksack and items that he had mentioned, however, they could not find anything, when they returned, Margetson was "lying on the path."
PC King said: "Ambulance crew in attendance and cuffs had been removed. We was walked to the ambulance, and at 10:30/10:45 admitted to Basildon Hospital."
Police said Margetson was "waving his arms around"
The statement continued: "[Margetson was] waving his arms around, staring at us with wide eyes and lurching around.
"He wouldn't sit down so we walked him to the path. We didn't arrest him at this point, arresting him may have caused him to become more erratic."
Margetson allegedly told police: "I was going to come and see you"
Prosecuting counsel, Mr Peter Clark, continued to read out PC Alison King's statement to the jury.
It read that Margetson said to police: "I was going to come and see you."
Then PC King wrote: "At one point he took of his black t shirt, he had dried blood on his neck ,chest and stomach. [He told us he had] taken some drugs and needed a drink.
"Margetson was unsteady on his feet, admitted to taken some drugs, [and his] behaviour at the time gave us cause of concern."
Margetson was staring at the officers with "large, wide eyes"
PC King said: "I noticed he was unsteady on his feet and kept nearly falling down. He had several large cuts or nicks on his neck.
"A deep cut to his right wrist which had been bleeding. Whilst [we were] speaking [he was] staring with rather large wide eyes
"His answers were delayed and mumbled."
Police officers found Margetson "looking into bins"
Police Constable Alison King's statements was also read out to the jury, it said: "I noticed a male walking along main path at the t junction walking and looking into nearby bins and bushes as he walked.
"So we started to follow him, we lost sight for five seconds round the corner, as we saw him again still looking in bins and looking around as if he lost something.
"PC Martin said: "You lost something, what you looking for?"
"Margetson replied: "My phone"."
Police dog found "blooded light beige t-shirt"
PC Benjamin Savory, who was with police dog Gizmo as part of a police unit, was called to the area when Margetson was found by police to search for his belongings, a rucksack and a mobile phone.
He said: "I located a rucksack 7 m within the dense area by the side of a tree." PC Savory searched a dense wooded area by a set of paths where he was found.
The statement continued: "I found a blooded light beige t shirt and a black jacket.
"Within the bag was another blood stained shirt and various items of clean clothing and toiletries. "On walking back out of the wooded areas I noticed a grey Nokia mobile phone within the wooded area."
PC also found an addressed letter in the pocked of the black jacket that had the name "T. Margetson" on.
The trial is about to continue
The second part of day three of the attempted murder trial will continue shortly
Continue at 2PM
The judge has left the court room and the trial will continue after a short break, at 2PM.
Witness leaves the stand
The witness now leaves the stand and the court.
Took first pictures of the wounds
Former PC Stebbing also took the first pictures of the wounds sustained by Miss Saye as part of her obtaining the first account, and primarily interviewed Miss Saye whilst in hospital.
PC Stebbing was there to get the first account
Former PC Stebbing went to the hospital to obtain the firsts account, she said: "The first account is to gather as much as the information as possible, whilst it is still fresh in the mind of the witness.
"Gather as much information as you can, [its the] first opportunity of what has happened."
This took place at 9:34 AM, when Miss Saye was still in the resuscitation area of Broomfield hospital.
It is claimed Miss Saye said: "Don't let him come after me"
Miss Stebbing said that Miss Saye was telling her in the hospital: "Don't let him come after me, don't let him come in, please don't leave me.W
"Just being there for her as a human being"
Miss Stebbing said: "[she] tried to pull me closer to her, didn't want me to leave her side, was very upset and was in a lot of pain and wanted me there to comfort her."
"I held her hand a lot of time [whilst she was] receiving the treatment, just being there for her as a human being."
Former PC Stebbing said: "The flesh hanging off of her face"
Former PC Stebbing said on the witness stand: "She was covered in blood and open wounds a lot of her body. Dried up blood on her hair, on her hand, and her neck, [with] big open wound up below the ear and down the side of her neck.
"[And] like the flesh hanging off of her face."
Former police officer, Frances Stebbing takes to the witness stand
Former police constable, who attended Broomfield Hospital to visit Miss Saye who was rushed there following the incident, is now on the witness stand.
Miss Stebbing interviewed and comforted Miss Saye whilst she was in hospital.
"There was so much blood on Gemma"
The second witness statement claims: "There was so much blood on Gemma and she was going into shock."
"Gemma was shaking saying, "Am I going to die over and over."
The second witness statement read out in open court said: "She was terrified and seeing her holding her chest.
"Gemma was shaking, [and] saying "Am I going to die?" over and over I tried to comfort her, as I did so I saw a stabbed wound under chin. I kept trying to comfort her when all the time she kept asking "Am I going to die?"
Second witness statement tell of "Help" being shouted over and over again
A second witness statement, provided by a neighbour, on July 8th 2017, was also read in open court.
It read: "At about 7:40 I was in my kitchen ready to go out when I heard shouting and screaming [of] help over and over again."
The witness then went outside to investigate and saw a fellow neighbour who said to her: "Its okay I'm on the phone to police."
The witness statement continues with: "I walked down the road slightly, [and] there was woman hanging out these windows.
"I looked up [and saw] blood over the window and sill and realised it was Gemma's flat. It had gone very quiet [so I shouted, but then] Gemma walked out on to the path and being helped by a man I have never seen before, but who I believe is a neighbour."
"She was shouting I'm going to die"
The witness statement continues:
"I then saw Gemma hanging out the window. She was shouting I'm going to die I'm going to die someone help me.
"I saw Terry come out of the carpark area, he was walking normally, casually down the road. Everyone was on the street, Terry looked back once and then carried on walking down the street."
When the schoolgirl walked over to Miss Saye who had now walked into the street. She heard Gemma say: "I'm cold, I'm cold." Then someone bought out big red blanket and covered her up."
Schoolgirl saw Margetson walking "casually down the road" after incident happened
A witness statement provided by a schoolgirl who lives near to Miss Saye, saw the aftermath of the incident on July 6 2017.
The witness statement said: "Around 7:45 I was in my bedroom getting ready to go to school literally just putting my shoes on [then I heard] screaming and shouting from outside.
"It was [a] woman's voice and she was scared. I looked outside of my room and it was [Neil Barden], he was shouting "Call the police, call the ambulance".
"He was bleeding from an injury on his back. Someone answered the door [but then] shut the door."
Prosecution read out two witness statements out in court
The prosecution reads out two witness statements collected by police at the time of the incident.
Margetson's mother has entered the public gallery
Margetson's mother, Mrs Fitt has entered the court and sat in the public gallery to sit in on the attempted murder trial.
Police officer who attended the scene is called to the witness stand
A former police officer, who attended the scene of the incident of July 6 (2017), will be called to the witness stand shortly by prosecuting counsel, Mr Peter Clark.
Doctor David Rouse has left the witness stand
Doctor David Rouse, the first witness at today's trial has left the witness stand and the court.
Judge Morgan asks the witness a final question
The prosecution and defence have both finished cross-examining the witness, and Judge Morgan reads out a question submitted by a jury member in court.
It reads: "The 3cm surface length stab wound, did this puncture her windpipe as Miss Saye stated?"
Doctor Rouse responds that Miss Saye's pharynx was punctured, which is the back of the throat which divides into the windpipe and then into the stomach. He also said it is understandable how Miss Saye would have misunderstood that her windpipe was punctured during the incident with where her sustained injuries were and throughout her recovery.
The pharynx is the area of the throat, which is behind the mouth and nasal cavity, and above the esophagus and the larynx, it is also behind the tubes going down to the stomach and the lungs.
Indication of the speed of the knife
On the witness stand, Doctor David Rouse explains, in regards to Mr Barden's chest injury: "I think very much the tip of the knife across the skin surface [caused by] rapidmovement because it is going so fast it just goes across themuscle of the left chest.
"The blade literally just lifts off, indication of the speed of the movement rather than the knife tip.
"My instinct [of the direction of the blade is] starting on the left shoulder and has gone down [to the right]. That is the impression that I have."
There is no medical evidence that strangulation occurred
Doctor Rouse told the court that there was no positive medical evidence suggesting strangulation, but that it "could have occurred, yes it could."
Doctor Rouse: "We have no idea how deep the blade goes in"
When the defence asks Doctor Rouse his professional opinion on the depth of the chest wound Miss Saye sustained during the incident, he replies: "Once you're in and because of the collapse of the lung, we have no idea how deep the blade goes in.
"It could be just 4 cm, there is no way of telling."
When defence counsel, Mr James Harrison, asks the witness regarding how much of the knife entered the chest cavity, Doctor Rouse said: "Potentially more than [the top portion of the knife]."
RaceEthnic minority groups should be classed as 'clinically extremely vulnerable' as racism drives health inequality"Ethnicity is an independent risk for Covid-19, with people from ethnic minority backgrounds more likely to have poor outcomes if they are exposed to the virus"
Universal CreditUniversal Credit: Only 1 Essex MP votes to keep £20 top-up in place as Labour motion approvedThe Labour motion called for the benefits top up to go on beyond March 31

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Tweets by realDonaldTrump
By muckracker1 (Reporter)
Drake & Thomas Williams on the Illuminati Family & Draco—-The Future Choice of Humanity Status [Picture]
Sunday, July 12, 2015 18:24
Drake & Thomas Williams on the Illuminati Family & Draco Status [audio]
The Future Choice of Humanity
On Sunday, July 5th, Drake and Thomas Williams held a special Cosmic Voice show because of some very important information they wanted to share. They felt it was urgent to get the word out. I must say it is stunning.
As I mentioned in a couple of other posts, Thomas Williams has a contact that shared some information about the Illuminati/cabal/elite families who have been running the show on Starship Earth for eons.
Thomas said he may have this informant on the show at some point.
The information shared was unique, and called into question much of the claims Corey Goode has made. Corey soon contacted Drake and told him that the informant is Illuminati, put a name to him, and said it was all bogus information.
Despite that, Thomas Williams has brought us more information about the "families" and the "parents" as they are called.
The informant said the dracos are leaving the planet in the fall, taking their negative technologies with them, etc. You can read more about that in this older post.
Thomas said a letter addressed to the Parents was sent, and reply received.
The response is scathing, and leaves no doubt as to the disdain these psychotic creatures have for Humanity, and explains how they feel justified in treating us as they do.
"Why haven't they been stopped? Because no one besides us has the right to stop them." We are compliant. We do as we're told and nothing to take control of the situation.
WE are their "batteries". We fuel them, both physically, and also energetically via the "loosh" which they are skilled at inducing.
Thomas also tells us what we can do to help ourselves, and to take full advantage of The Wave coming this fall, when many of us will instantaneously be able to see through the veil, remember our past, etc.
Here's the link to listen to this program from July 5, where Thomas reads the reply from "Cassandra", one of the Parents, at least twice on the show for the benefit of listeners, and says a transcript will follow.
Thomas begins by saying much of the information he shares is first hand. Take it for what you will.
I find Thomas highly ethical and he obviously is confident his contact and his information are valid. Like everyone else who presents this sort of information to us—they can't prove it. We have only our inner guidance to go on.
I have to say I find this more credible than what Corey Goode has written, but there is a war going on and much subterfuge, so we are on our own to discern truth. This program will give you a lot to think about.
There is no question this is the most fascinating time to be incarnate on this planet. SOURCE
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Discography of American Historical Recordings, s.v. "Recordings made on Thursday, February 12, 1953," accessed April 20, 2019, https://adp.library.ucsb.edu/index.php/date/browse?date=1953-02-12.
Recordings made on Thursday, February 12, 1953. (2019). In Discography of American Historical Recordings. Retrieved April 20, 2019, from https://adp.library.ucsb.edu/index.php/date/browse?date=1953-02-12.
Recordings made on Thursday, February 12, 1953." Discography of American Historical Recordings. UC Santa Barbara Library, 2019. Web. 20 April 2019.


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Article Iconic Children's Entertainer Recognised
Julia Harris, Journalist.
Official recognition for her decades of service to the television industry and her ongoing community work, has been given to one of Australia's most iconic children's entertainers.
Patsy Biscoe has been made a Member of the Order of Australia in this year's Australia Day honours.
A household name in the 1970's, generations of children grew up watching Patsy on popular television programs, 'Here's Humphrey' and 'Fat Cat and Friends'. Watching her sing and play the guitar on the programs and also listening to Patsy's records are strong memories within many childhoods throughout Australia.
At her home in South Australia's Barossa Valley, Patsy said she was surprised to receive the honour.
"I now know why they call them honours because you just do feel it's an honour," she said.
Patsy's path to stardom literally started by accident.
"I was coming back from a trad jazz concert when I was at uni and I was a passenger in a car involved in a car accident," Ms Biscoe said. "The result for me being the passenger that was most seriously injured was the damage I did to my eyes so I couldn't study for a few months so someone gave me a guitar."
Going on to becoming a finalist on the TV show Bandstand, she recorded her first LP record in 1965 before moving to Adelaide from Hobart – where she was spotted by one of the producers of 'Here's Humphrey'.
"The concerts you did with Humphrey or with Fat Cat on stage with kids, and there would be thousands of kids, were just gorgeous," Biscoe said. "I look back with enormous fondness, the children had a ball, the parents were there smiling, they were really happy, exciting occasions."
Biscoe said one of her fondest memories was hearing her name on ABC Radio for the first time.
"As part of a news flash it was Patsy Biscoe had received another gold record, it was the early '70s … and I just thought that was absolutely thrilling to be mentioned on ABC Radio," she said. "The other marvellous memory was this man who walked up to me in the street once and said 'I absolutely hate, loathe and detest you.' He said he drove from Perth to Sydney with his three-year-old and wife and he had to listen to Patsy Biscoe all the way."
At the height of her career, Biscoe released more than 10 albums and won 30 gold records and one platinum record.
More recently, Biscoe has been focused on helping her local community and working with a grape-growing cooperative.
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youngoldlady said
It brings back memories, had forgotten about her until I saw her picture. Sometimes something happens and our lives change. Have to wonder what her life would had been if not for the accident.
Yay – I grew up with her xx
Congratulations Patsy, you brought so much happiness to so many children and their parents, who thanks to you and others involved in the shows knew the program would always be suitable for their children to watch.
You have done SA proud and I am sure you will continue to do so for many years to come.
Number One Mum said
I grew up watching patsy I loved watching her and Humphrey bear every day. They were the Best. She should be honoured in the Aria hall of fame. Because without people like her there would be No wiggles or high five. The whole singing to children on Tv came from her and Humphey. & fat cat
katelt said
I remember watching her on Humphrey…feeling old now…
This is a true honour for a wonderful entertainer and truly lovely Australian.
I remember Patsy from when I was a child. Congratulations to her
madlac2 said
Congratulations, well deserved
Good on her. Truely deserved recognition.
rachelvk said
How wonderful that she has been recognised. Congratulations.
What a wonderful life and career. Congratulations!
Congratulations! What a lovely lady!!
oh I loved her as a kid, I always wanted to have hair just like hers, it was so straight and shiny – the things you remember from your childhood
she remembers that time with good memories! she seems to have loved her job! that is what made her good at it, i suppose
Remember Patsy well. a lovely entertainer that all my children loved.
Ultimate Women's Health Checklist


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Chandrayaan-2: Joy to despair for Rajasthan students
TNN | Sep 8, 2019, 01.44 PM IST
JAIPUR: As the world watched live coverage of Chandrayaan-2 space mission on their TV sets, two students from Rajasthan witnessed all shades of the event from excitement to despair at ISRO headquarters in Bengaluru.
Prabhat Singh of Alwar along with Garima Sharma of Churu had entered space mission at 12 midnight to witness the historic moment. However, they are yet to believe that Vikram had lost its communication.
The duo were among the 70 students selected by the ISRO through an online competition in August with a reward to watch event with PM Narendra Modi and space scientists.
Singh is aspiring to become a space scientist. "I was never excited to enter into a place which is responsible for the space mission of India. The excitement further reached its zenith after PM Narendra Modi entered the section. As we were watching the journey of the lander on two big screens hearing the commentary of a scientist, all of a sudden the commentary stopped. Scientists, who were sitting on the front bench, were seen making frantic efforts on their system," said Singh.
For the next five minutes, students couldn't get the sense of what is happening until some scientists walked up to the PM and briefed him about the lost contact.
"We overheard a junior scientist informed a section of dignitaries sitting next to us that we lost contact with the Chandrayaan-2," said Singh.
Garima Sharma, who was sitting in the first row of the students' section, said, "The perfect landing could have been the best moment of my life. It was like watching a Hollywood movie on a space mission. I couldn't believe until a scientist briefed us about the lost connection with the lander. Our joy turned into sadness and I am yet to believe that I had missed the historic moment," said Sharma.
The duo along with 68 students missed the opportunity of meeting the PM who walked out after the mission declared incomplete.


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Ava Gardner personal gown worn to the premiere of "That's Entertainment" in 1974
Ava Gardner is legendary as one of the great stars of Hollywood's Golden Age, as well as one its most beautiful. She was married to Frank Sinatra in the 50's and was known to be the love of his life, and was also married to Mickey Rooney and Artie Shaw early in her career. Her private life could've been a movie itself, showcasing her humble beginnings as a girl from North Carolina, her rise to stardom, and then the colorful life she led after she became a star at MGM.
When Ava started at the studio in the early 40's it was mostly in bit roles, and gradually she started playing more prominent ones and then became a leading lady by the late 40's. It was in "The Killers" and "One Touch of Venus," that her beauty, talent, and star potential was really showcased, and ironically both of those films were made outside of MGM. By the early 50's she had become a top star, and was cast in leading roles of major films. One of her most famous came in 1953 in "Show Boat," one of the biggest musicals MGM ever made. They decided to overdub her voice for the songs, but fortunately footage survives of her singing "Can't Help Lovin' Dat Man" and she's really very good, so good that you can see the studio made a mistake in not using her vocals. The footage can be seen in the third "That's Entertainment" movie. Although considered an MGM star, some of her greatest movies were made outside of the studio, among them "The Barefoot Contessa," "The Snows of Kilimanjaro," "The Sun Also Rises," and "On the Beach."
This piece came from Ava's estate, and she wore it a few times during the early 70's. It's made of white chiffon and is layered in three tiers with full bell sleeves which are also layered. There is a scarf made of the same material that is attached at the neck and is worn draped around the back. It's unlabeled which leads me to believe that Ava had it custom made.
As simple as the piece is, Ava really looked like a million in it... below is the footage from the premiere of "That's Entertainment" showing Ava in the piece arriving at the event, and then at the famous gathering of stars at a dinner following the premiere. It was the first and only time that so many stars who worked at MGM were reunited, and they were all welcomed on stage to take a historic photo of the gathering. Luckily it was filmed too, and it's amazing to see all of them together. Ava is standing next to Charlton Heston who she starred with in "Earthquake" that same year. They may have even been filming it around the same time. Notice how Ava gets the biggest ovation :) She deserved it. And it's nice to see her wearing this piece in such a long clip. It begins after the scenes from "Showboat" ...
A little about "That's Entertainment"... it was a big hit when it was released in 1974, showcasing many of the great musical scenes MGM filmed over the years and introduced by some of the great stars of the studio. Since it was made before the days of VCR's, let alone DVD's and other digital media, it was a thrill for people to be able to see these great scenes on the big screen again, and it also introduced them to a new generation. The movie was such a hit that they made a sequel in 1976, and a third installment which included a lot of behind-the-scenes footage in 1993. All three of the movies are on DVD and I highly recommend them. I've watched them many times since I was a kid. They were basically an education for me, learning about these great musicals that MGM made during the glory days of the studio.
Here are some great candid shots of Ava wearing the piece... The first one was taken in her home the night of the premiere before she left, and then in a limo...
Here are some shots of her wearing it at another event... and the last photo is a nice one taken by her friend, Roddy McDowell...
Posted by Moviejoe79 at 3:14:00 AM
Labels: Ava Gardner, MGM, That's Entertainment
Marc Leslie Kagan March 17, 2017 at 5:02 PM
Ava looks every inch a movie especially wearing the turban with the white chiffon gown. I remember going to see That's Entertainment at Ziegfeld Theater in Manhattan I was so blown away by the film I sat through twice just to take it all in.


text:
Thank you for considering an application
To apply you'll need to:
Make note of the Queen Mary institution code: Q50
Make note of your chosen course UCAS code:
Russian and Politics
RL72 — BA (Hons)
Click on the link below:
Apply on UCAS
Have further questions? How to apply | Entry requirements
Entry Year: 2023
Find out more Apply now
BA (Hons)
Institution code
Grades ABB at A-Level. This must include at least one essay based A-Level in a humanities or social sciences subject. Applicants will also be expected to have a GCSE in a language or have experience of learning a language other than your mother tongue. Excludes General Studies and Critical Thinking.
Home fees
Overseas fees
Year abroad cost
Finances for studying abroad on exchange
Develop high-level Russian language skills and gain insight into the workings of today's increasingly globalised world.
This four-year degree programme is jointly taught by the School of Languages Linguistics and Film and the School of Politics and International Relations, and combines two different, but often complementary, areas of interest.
You'll divide your time equally between the two subjects, with the flexibility to tailor your degree with a wide choice of modules. You'll gain an excellent grounding in Russian language, taking core modules in written and spoken Russian, and explore its fascinating culture, politics, society and history. You'll also learn to engage with political theories, ideas and ideologies, governments and institutions, and comparative politics.
The programme will give you a sophisticated understanding of the cultural references that shape Russian identities. You'll spend your third year abroad studying or working in Russia or a Russian-speaking region of Latvia – an essential component of the degree which allows you to immerse yourself in the culture and hone your language skills. No prior knowledge of Russian is required.
The Russian language modules you take will depend on your entry level. We offer separate classes for beginner, post-GCSE, post-A-level and native speakers.
Reading Contemporary Russia (for beginner or post-GCSE entrants only)
Russian Culture and Society (for beginner or post-GCSE entrants) OR Foundations of Russian Studies (for post-A-level or native speakers)
Russian language module (streamed according to entry level)
Thinking Politically: Introduction to concepts, theories and ideologies
Introduction to International Relations
Please note that all modules are subject to change.
Modern Political Thought 1
Choose one or two from
Modern Russian Literature I: Revolution
Russian Film: Memory and History
Russian Novel: Self and Society
Short Stories and Important People: The 19th century
Choose up to three from
Accountability and Complexity in British Government
Colonialism, Capitalism and Development
Comparative European Politics I - Context and Institutional Development
Comparative European Politics II - Issues and Performance
International Relations Theory
Modernity: Theories of State, Economy and Society
Politics of International Law
Power and Legitimacy in British Politics
Power in Global Governance
Researching Everyday Politics
The International Politics of Security
The International Politics of the Developing World
War in World Politics
Russian language module
Modern Languages Research Project
Russian Novel: Countryside and Nation
Russian Novel: Dysfunctional Families
Russian Syntax
Choose up to four from
Africa and International Politics
American Politics, Carceral State and Social Movements
British Economic and Social Policy Since 1945 – Ideas, Interests and Institutions
British Economic and Social Policy Since 1945 – Independent Research
Contemporary Russian Film
Contemporary Russian Politics
Doing International Politics
Gender and Politics
Globalisation: Issues and Debates
Global Politics of Health and Disease
Justice in a Global City
Latin American Politics
Modern Russian Literature II: Beyond the Monolith
Nationalism and Ethnicity in International Relations
Parliamentary Studies
Parliamentary Studies (Internship)
Politics of South Asia
Politics of South Asia – Independent Research
Political Violence and Liberal Modernity
Populism: A Global Perspective
Populism in 21st Century Europe
Race and Racism in World Politics
Race and Racism in World Politics: Independent Research
Radical Politics Today – Independent Research
The Politics of the Post-Colonial Middle East
Utopia and Dystopia: Political, Economic and Literary Dreamworlds
Utopia and Dystopia: Political, Economic and Literary Dreamworlds: Independent Research
You can choose to attend university at one of our Russian-speaking partner institutions in Moscow, St Petersburg, Yaroslavl, Tver, Petrozavodsk or Kazan, or in a Russian-speaking part of Latvia with our Erasmus partner, Daugavpils University. Our exchange programmes are with major state universities as well as with smaller-scale private schools.
I really enjoy the discussions that take place in seminars. Trying to defend your point of view, whilst hearing the other side, allows everyone to see the strengths and weaknesses in both arguments. This enhances everyone's understanding of the issues and allows you to challenge your own beliefs, which ultimately develops you as a person.
Alfie Joe Sudhir Khadka, Politics (2019)
You'll receive approximately 16 hours of weekly contact time, in the form of lectures, seminars and language classes.
For every hour spent in class, you'll complete a further two to three hours of independent study.
Assessment typically includes a combination of written exams and coursework, a final-year dissertation, independent projects and creative journals.
The Schools offer excellent on-campus resources to aid your studies, including:
the Queen Mary library
the Multimedia Language Resource Centre, equipped with digital labs and resource rooms, teacher and student workstations, interactive whiteboards, and software for viewing live international satellite TV broadcasts
subscriptions to foreign newspapers and journals
language clubs and social activities, including film screenings, discussion groups and debates.
the Centre for European Research, which welcomes students and academics interested in learning and researching on all matters relating to Europe
the Mile End Institute, a major policy centre that specialises in contemporary British politics, featuring regular high-profile speakers.
If you're interested in learning another language, you can sign up for a course at Queen Mary's Language Centre, where you can choose from Arabic, Chinese (Mandarin), French, German, Japanese or Spanish.
A-Level Grades ABB at A-Level. This must include at least one essay based A-Level in a humanities or social sciences subject. Applicants will also be expected to have a GCSE in a language or have experience of learning a language other than your mother tongue. Excludes General Studies and Critical Thinking.
IB International Baccalaureate Diploma with a minimum of 32 points overall, including 6,5,5 from three Higher Level subjects. This must include an essay based humanities or social sciences subject at Higher Level.
BTEC See our detailed subject and grade requirements
Access HE We consider applications from students with the Access to Higher Education Diploma. The minimum academic requirement is to achieve 60 credits overall, with 45 credits at Level 3, of which 15 credits must be at Distinction and 15 credits at Merit or higher. For programmes with French, applicants must have studied French to at least GCSE level. For all other single and joint honours language programmes, experience of learning a language other than your mother tongue, and a demonstrable aptitude for language study are required. Applications are considered on a case by case basis, and we may request an interview. Due to the high volume of applications, we do not make offers of study purely on the basis of meeting grade requirements.
GCSE Minimum five GCSE passes including English at grade C or 4.
Alternative offers may be made to applicants taking the Extended Project Qualification.
For further information please visit: qmul.ac.uk/undergraduate/entry/epq
Contextualised admissions We consider every application on its individual merits and will take into consideration your individual educational experiences and context. More information on how academic schools and programmes use this information as part of the admissions process, can be found on our contextualised admissions pages.
Non-UK students
We accept a wide range of European and international qualifications in addition to A-levels, the International Baccalaureate and BTEC qualifications. Please visit International Admissions for full details.
If your qualifications are not accepted for direct entry onto this degree, consider applying for a foundation programme.
Find out more about our English language entry requirements, including the types of test we accept and the scores needed for entry to the programme.
You may also be able to meet the English language requirement for your programme by joining a summer pre-sessional programme before starting your degree.
See our general undergraduate entry requirements.
UK students accepted onto this course are eligible to apply for tuition fee and maintenance loans from Student Finance England or other government bodies.
Queen Mary offers a generous package of scholarships and bursaries, which currently benefits around 50 per cent of our undergraduates.
Scholarships are available for home, EU and international students. Specific funding is also available for students from the local area. International students may be eligible for a fee reduction. We offer means-tested funding, as well as subject-specific funding for many degrees.
Find out what scholarships and bursaries are available to you.
Support from Queen Mary
We offer specialist support on all financial and welfare issues through our Advice and Counselling Service, which you can access as soon as you have applied for a place at Queen Mary.
Take a look at our Student Advice Guides which cover ways to finance your degree, including:
additional sources of funding
planning your budget and cutting costs
part-time and vacation work
money for lone parents.
Russian and Politics graduates are highly employable, with invaluable political knowledge and research, analytical and communication skills that open doors to a huge variety of roles. They move into domestic and international careers in government, translating, policy research, education, journalism, media, marketing and business.
Recent Russian and Politics graduates have been hired by:
UK Home Office.
You'll have access to bespoke careers support every step of your degree, including personal academic support from the Russian and Politics Departments. You'll benefit from regular careers events for language students, including a workshop for students returning from their year abroad, and a Make Languages Work For You speedmeet with alumni.
Our careers team can also offer:
specialist advice on choosing a career path
support with finding work experience, internships and graduate jobs
feedback on CVs, cover letters and application forms
interview coaching.
Learn more about career support and development at Queen Mary.
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About the Schools
School of Languages Linguistics and Film
The School of Languages, Linguistics and Film is friendly and vibrant. Our students produce podcasts and short films, put on plays and liaise with writers and journalists.
We're visited by poets, novelists and outside experts, and have strong links with London's cultural institutions.
In the 2017 National Student Survey, French and Hispanic Studies received overall satisfaction ratings of 100 per cent – top in the UK. German was ranked first in London and Hispanic Studies and Russian in the top five by the Complete University Guide 2018.
School of Politics and International Relations
We're a growing School invested in high-quality teaching, and we pride ourselves on our friendly and informal approach. Our London location is home to the nation's Parliament, political think tanks and economic powerhouses, we host high-profile speakers, and we offer students regular contact with Westminster, Whitehall and the third sector.
Our staff are active researchers with diverse interests, from British politics to the Middle East, which is reflected in our teaching and the breadth of our programmes.
School of Languages, Linguistics and Film
Why Queen Mary


When patients reach the last stages of the disease, Bait Ul Sukoon serves as a hospice, providing them palliative treatment with loving care and concern, making their last days as comfortable as possible.
Bait-ul-Sukoon Cancer Hospital does not have its own radiotherapy unit. But the patients requiring radiotherapy treatment are taken to the Oncology department of Ziauddin Medical University Hospital, Where Dr Jawaid Mallick, under his supervision plans and conduct the whole treatment plan.
Radiotherapy uses radiation, such as x-rays, gamma rays, electron beams or protons, to kill or damage cancer cells and stop them from growing and multiplying. It is a localised treatment, which means it generally only affects the part of the body where the radiation is directed.
Radiotherapy damages cancer cells in the region being treated. Although the radiation can also damage normal cells, they can usually repair themselves. During this repair process, you may experience some side effects, depending on the part of your body being treated.
Radiotherapy given with the aim of curing the cancer on its own or combined with other treatments, such as surgery or chemotherapy. This may be called curative treatment.
Radiotherapy used to control the cancer by making it smaller or stopping it from spreading.
Radiotherapy is used before (neoadjuvant) or after (adjuvant) other treatments. The aim is to make the main treatment more effective.
Radiotherapy is often able to relieve symptoms, such as pain or bleeding, to help you to feel as well as possible.
Bait-ul-Sukoon (House of Peace & Contentment) is the only Free cancer hospital with a hospice in Pakistan. Baitul-ul Sukoon is located in Karachi.
Location: Bait Ul Sukoon, Cancer Hospital and Hospice, Plot No. S.N.P.A. 17-J, Block –3, K.C.H.S. Union, Karachi.
It's a dream comes true. I remember the small hospices from which you begin and to achieve a hospital with so many facilities is a ground achievement. It is your dedication, commitment and noble heart that has inspired people to support you in your cause.
I was overwhelmed to see such great philanthropic and charity for noble cause of service to humanity. The role played by all the donors and sponsors is commendable.
© Copyright 2015. All Rights Reserved by: Bait Ul Sukoon.


Technology and altruism: Social media can bring out the best in people... but does the cause matter?
Technology and altruism: Social media can bring out the best in people… but does the cause matter?
If you happened to miss the story, as a pay-it-forward social experiment, Jonathan Stark, a programmer, shared his Starbucks card online. He encouraged people to use the card to buy themselves a coffee, as well as contribute money to the card so that someone else could use it. Stark also set up a Twitter feed to track the changes on the card. In the process thousands of dollars were donated and spent at Starbucks.
Sam Odio, yet another programmer, came up with a tiny piece of code which allowed him to transfer funds from Jonathan's Starbucks card onto this own. Odio has been harshly criticized for his move, and for putting the code online, which effectively brought the feel-good social experiment to an end. What most people tend to forget is that Odio went very public with the information, when he could have just as easily taken the money and kept quiet. They also forget that he sold his Starbucks card on eBay and donated the money to charity.
Was the experiment a worthy cause?
Now that the dust has settled, discussions about the experiment are divided into one of two areas. They're either discussing how great it was and how it brought out the altruistic side of people, while others are focused on Sam Odio, saying that he ruined a great experiment.
What surprised me was the fact that very few people seemed to focus on a different question. Aren't there better ways we can put our time, efforts and social media to use, other than buying a stranger an over-priced latte? While I appreciate the theory of how generous people were, and how so many people were clearly willing to pay it forward, but had it been for a more worthy cause, it would have been much more worth the effort. And if it had been, I'd like to think that Sam Odio wouldn't have come up with a script to hack the card.
A day before the card was shutdown by Starbucks, a staggering $11,000 had been loaded onto the card. That's $11,000 worth of coffee in under a month. This begs the question – were there better ways that money could have been put to use?
But let's take a look at another Starbucks related initiative that preceded Stark's. After calculating how much she was spending on coffee at Starbucks, Courtney Carver decided to forego her caffeine fix, and use the money for something else. Taking the $225, the amount she would normally spend on Starbucks in a month, Carver spent the money on creating mini care packages, sticking snacks, juice boxes and a few dollars into paper bags. Whenever she came across someone who she felt needed a pick-me-up, she handed out one of her paper bags.
Which matters more? The altruism or the cause?
Some might argue that it doesn't really matter what the cause is. The fact that so many people were willing to step up and donate money for the greater good, no matter what that money is going towards, should be enough. In fact, some people donated far more money than they spent on the card. While that is to be admired, there's a part of me that simply can't let go of the idea that the cause matters more than anything else.
It might make us feel good to be part of a hip social experiment where we know that we had a hand in making sure that someone, somewhere, got a free cup of coffee directly as a result of our actions. Hell, maybe someone who normally doesn't get to splurge on Starbucks got themselves a nice and rare treat thanks to Jonathan's card.
The card has highlighted one very important fact. It's very easy to put technology and social media to work for a good cause. So what are a few examples of that?
A single day, global movement which uses the power of social media to organize offline events that mobilize communities in support of a local cause. Twestival was born out of the idea that if communities were able to collaborate on an international scale, but working from a local level, it could have a spectacular impact.
We've already told you about Tweetback, a fundraising initiative which hinged on the use of Twitter both as a fundraising and marketing tool. In the space of one week the initiative was able to raise $200,000. What was the premise? Donors would get publicity on Twitter through high-profile tweeters with thousands of followers.
The initiative wasn't without controversy though. A group of tweeters criticized it, saying that the large conglomerate donors weren't in it for altruistic purposes, and that corporate social responsibility on the whole is nothing more than corporate whitewash. Others came to the event's defense, saying that at the end of the day, the money was raised for a good cause, and one in desperate need of help.
SwipeGood is a service which tracks your credit or debit card purchases, rounds up the total to the nearest dollar and donates the difference to charity.
Hundreds of charities are benefiting from these donations, including Invisible Children, SmartGiving, Food for the Poor, PETA, and more. What's great about how SwipeGood works is that you can choose which charity to donate to yourself, and if your charity of choice isn't listed, you can always encourage them to apply to become a part of the program.
Twitter itself has created the #betternow initiative, where it highlights causes and gives users a way to contribute donations, as was done with the #Hope4Japan initiative.
Next time you're thinking of buying a ticket online for a concert, sports event, or theater show, it might be worth checking Tickets for Charity. The site offers great seats at live events at face value. In addition, each ticket is accompanied by a pre-determined donation, all of which goes directly to the charity you select. Charities which benefit from these donations include Autism Speaks, CARE, Feeding America and Habitat for Humanity.
These are just three of the many examples that are a Google-search away. There's no limit to how you can use these tools for the good of others.
Jonathan's Starbucks card has spawned clones, hell bent on keeping the initiative going. I can only hope it spawns clones that take the concept away from a free cup of coffee and instead result in a hot meal for someone who can't afford one.
Read next: Meet Twylah, Brand Pages for Twitter.


text:
Contact SakoSource
Marlin-Sako 422 Varmint King Very Rare
Marlin built some 5,000 of its semi-target Model 322 rifles in .222 Remington on Sako L46 actions in the early to mid-1950's. The 322 gained a reputation (perhaps unwarranted) of its MicroGroove barrel wearing out prematurely. In response, Marlin brought out the upgraded Model 422 with a blued stainless steel barrel to resist wear. However, Marlin soon got out of the bolt rifle business and only 354 of these "Varmint King" Marlins were produced, according to Col. Brophy's book: https://books.google.com/books/about/Marlin_Firearms.html?id=a9XL74ykUykC
Upgrades from the earlier Model 322 include a slimmer sporter stock with Monte Carlo and full checkering; a lighter weight sporter barrel of blued stainless steel, and a plastic grip cap. This example is in very good condtion and shoots very accurately in the test-firing we did. The Marlin "Bullseye" is present in the stock butt, and the finish shows very little wear. The finish may have a well-done extra coat of varnish, but we can't say for sure. The only detraction is that it has been drilled and tapped for a barrel-mounted target scope. The holes in the barrel are filled with filler screws, while the holes in the front dovetail will cover with scope mounts. Both Sako enthusiasts and Marlin enthusiasts regard this rare rifle as one of Marlin's best efforts.
Stock #1702S
Price: $995.00
Copyright © SakoSource


text:
package com.qq.db;

/**
 *
 * @author 白玉梁
 */
public class DBcolumns {

	/**
	 * 聊天消息信息表
	 */
	public static final String TABLE_MSG= "table_msg";
	public static final String MSG_ID = "msg_id";
	public static final String MSG_FROM = "msg_from";
	public static final String MSG_TO = "msg_to";
	public static final String MSG_TYPE = "msg_type";
	public static final String MSG_CONTENT = "msg_content";
	public static final String MSG_ISCOMING = "msg_iscoming";
	public static final String MSG_DATE= "msg_date";
	public static final String MSG_ISREADED = "msg_isreaded";
	public static final String MSG_BAK1= "msg_bak1";
	public static final String MSG_BAK2 = "msg_bak2";
	public static final String MSG_BAK3 = "msg_bak3";
	public static final String MSG_BAK4= "msg_bak4";
	public static final String MSG_BAK5= "msg_bak5";
	public static final String MSG_BAK6= "msg_bak6";

	/**
	 *  聊天会话表
	 */
	public static final String TABLE_SESSION = "table_session";
	public static final String SESSION_id = "session_id";
	public static final String SESSION_FROM = "session_from";
	public static final String SESSION_TYPE = "session_type";
	public static final String SESSION_TIME = "session_time";
	public static final String SESSION_CONTENT = "session_content";
	public static final String SESSION_TO = "session_to";// 登录人id
	public static final String SESSION_ISDISPOSE = "session_isdispose";

	/**
	 *  好友消息通知表
	 */
	public static final String TABLE_SYS_NOTICE = "table_sys_notice";
	public static final String SYS_NOTICE_ID = "sys_notice_id";
	public static final String SYS_NOTICE_TYPE = "sys_notice_type";
	public static final String SYS_NOTICE_FROM= "sys_notice_from";
	public static final String SYS_NOTICE_FROM_HEAD = "sys_notice_from_head";
	public static final String SYS_NOTICE_CONTENT = "sys_notice_content";
	public static final String SYS_NOTICE_ISDISPOSE = "sys_notice_isdispose";

}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Assignment for security clearance and permits for the exercise of temporary activities consisting of exhibition spaces in the ex-Bastardini Hospital, in the context of the Bologna Design Week (BDW).
Regeneration of the Santi Naborre e Felice Abbey, project for the Popular Evolved District (Distretto Popolare Evoluto) of Bologna.
Valorization project of the ex-barracks "Pozzuolo del Friuli" aimed at its inclusion in the Municipal Operative Plan (P.O.C.) of Ferrara and the subsequent drafting of the Urban Implementation Plan (P.U.A.).
Professional assignment for the drafting of specialist studies relating to the ex-goods yards of Ravone - Cave di Reno in Bologna. Preparatory activity for the adoption of the Municipal Operative Plan (POC).
Offer request for the assignment of the Feasibility Study, Integrated Design, Work and Security Direction drafting for the property complex called "Ex Casema Masini" in Via Orfeo, 46 in Bologna.
Competition by invitation for the assignment of the preparation of specialized studies relating to the "Prati di Caprara Est" and "Prati di Caprara Ovest" areas in Bologna. Preparatory activity for the adoption of the Municipal Operational Plan (POC).
International call for advisoring activities aimed at providing the Agency of Demanio with specialized support in order to structure real estate transactions, according to the regulatory requirements introduced by Art. 33 of DL n. 98/2011 and with reference to the current legislation for the management and valorisation of public buildings, in support of territorial enhancement programs activated under art. 3-ter of DL n. 351/2001 with the COMUNE OF BOLOGNA, in ATI with Nomisma S.p.a. And Yard Srl.
Project development for the temporary use of properties located in the ex-goods yards of Ravone and Prati di Caprara, which includes the compilation of useful documentation for the verification of cultural interest ex art 12 D.L 42 of 22/01/04 and s.m.i.
Project for the transformation and enhancement of the areas of the station of Rimini aimed at the preliminary drafting of territorial agreement and the subsequent insertion into the Municipal Operational Plan (P.O.C.).Committente: Ferservizi S.p.a.- Gruppo FS.
International call for the reliance on technical-economic support aimed at outlining the best real estate valuation strategy and structuring the initiative according to the normative requirements of Art. 33 bis of d.l. 98/2011 converted into l. 111/2011 in support of the agreement between the Agenzia del Demanio and the City of Turin, in ATI with Nomisma S.p.a. And Yard Srl.
Competition by invitation for the assignment of professional assignment for the preparation of specialized studies related to the ex- goods Ravone – Cave of Reno in Bologna in collaboration with Nomisma S.p.a., Unipol Merchant S.p.a. And Studio Delli Santi.
Urban Transformation Program of Ravone, Cave of Reno, Prati di Caprara, Piazzale Ovest Bovi Camping, Zone IE via Matteotti, ex-OMA via Muggia areas.
Size of the area: 5 ha (4 different areas). Net size: 160.000 sqm.
Urban and architectural design for a multifunctional sport center attached to the Fortitudo Campus "Parco delle Stelle"
Tender Offer for inter-municipal structural program drafting of Castelnuovo Rangone, Castelvetro di Modena, Svignano sul Panaro, Spilanberto e Vignola. In collaboration with Nomisma Real Estate Observatory S.p.A.
Competition promoted by local authorities INU-WWF in Bologna, via Larga.
Tender offer for the assignment of feasibility study, which outlined the constitution of a company limited by shares for the design, realization and management of Piagge Area requalification project. In collaboration with Nomisma Real Estate Observatory S.p.A.
International competition, predisposition of a feasibility study for constitution of a STU (Urban Development Companies) operating in South-East Milan, Peschiera Borromeo and San Donato Milanese. In collaboration with Nomisma Real Estate Observatory S.p.A.
International competition, predisposition of a feasibility study for constitution of a STU (Urban Development Company) operating in Padoa Industrial Zone, in the areas of North and South ZIP. In collaboration with Nomisma Real Estate Observatory S.p.A.
International competition, predisposition of a feasibility study for constitution of a STU (Urban Development Company) operating the execution of the strategic project "Cetraro and its harbour ". In collaboration with Nomisma Real Estate Observatory S.p.A.
International competition, predisposition of a feasibility study for constitution of a STU (Urban Development Company) operating in South-West Milan and nearby municipality of Cesano Boscone, Corsico and Trezzano sul Naviglio. In collaboration with Nomisma Real Estate Observatory S.p.A.
International competition, predisposition of a feasibility study for constitution of a STU (Urban Development Company) "Nuovo Centro" operating in Livorno. In collaboration with Nomisma Real Estate Observatory S.p.A.
International competition with open call, commitment of drafting a General Study to identify the land-use planning of the National Natural Reserve "Ventotene and Santo Stefano's Island". In collaboration with Nomisma Real Estate Observatory S.p.A.
C.A.F.I. and Victoria 2000 S.r.l.
Residential area in the district INA CASA"Barca", via Vighi: architectural project, executive project, construction management.


A set of 5 House Hooks.
A modular hook taking on the shape of a house so simple yet packed with so much different variation when it comes to arranging them. Paint your favorite color even to give it a more personalized touch. Easily installed as no drilling is required, just a strong 3M tape which comes with every House Hook purchased will do. So feel free to create your own personalized form.
Things that are included: A set of 5 House Hooks with 3M Tape.
Able to hold stuffs like, Key, Scarf, Hat, Jacket, umbrella, etc.
Lead time, 1 week or earlier.


Hear Your Best and Be Your Best.
Serving the local community since 1970, we specialize in developing personalized hearing solutions. We are an independently owned and operated clinic. This means that we can choose from a wide variety of hearing aid manufacturers in order to provide the best possible solution for your individual lifestyle and budget.
We have a no pressure approach to hearing instrument selection for our clients. Our staff members are not on commission so we choose the product that is right for your needs. Since we operate out of only one clinic, there is always someone on staff who is qualified to help with patients' needs.
Our experienced, professional team, and state of the art diagnostic and hearing instrument technology have helped thousands recapture their joy of hearing.
We offer complete hearing care services to meet your individual needs.
Our professional staff understands that everyone has different needs when it comes to hearing healthcare. Thats why we offer a complete selection of hearing care services to meet the unique needs of you and your family.
We have a doctor of audiology and two hearing instrument specialists that take pride in continuing education and promoting hearing health. Our skilled office staff will gladly help you with all of your hearing care needs and begin your journey to better hearing. Discover how we can help you today!
We invite you to contact us today so that you can become one of our many satisfied patients.


There are multiple countries which are constantly evolving and bringing in new blockchain projects and Switzerland is just one of them. In 2017, Feldermeier founded Smart Valor whereas she had previously worked for Xapo, which is a Bitcoin wallet based in China. Feldermeier aimed to disrupt the banking system in Switzerland by creating the blockchain company.


When you perform a brand tracking survey, you're essentially taking your brands's vitals by asking: How aware are consumers of your brand and whether they're customers; what they feel about your brand; what they expect from you and your competitors; and whether they plan to purchase your product or service.
In any case, if you're a brand manager or in marketing, you know it's important to monitor your brand health so you can stay in step with your competitors. But tracking your brand equity can also help you measure how you do over time, as well as measure the impact of marketing and brand advertising campaigns.
Say you're a shoe manufacturer who launched your latest brand advertising campaign with posters touting your newest running shoe in buses and subways. Do you know if the ads influence your target market, or translate it to a lift in sales? Maybe using a QR code or a special offer can give you some loose indication of the posters' impact, but counting scans or downloads doesn't tell you how consumers feel about your brand as a result of the campaign.
When you conduct a brand tracking survey in conjunction with your advertising campaigns, you can get a much better sense of the overall impact–and get customer insights to help inform future campaigns. The key is to find out how consumers feel about your brand before you launch your ads–then to reassess after. That way, you can see if (and how) your new brand strategy is affecting your target market. Additionally, you can set benchmarks to measure your brand health over time.
Brand awareness is how familiar consumers are with your brand. If, for example, someone is asked to recommend a great running shoe, which brand will they suggest? Will they recommend Nike simply because it's one of the most well-known athletic brands? You may be missing out on sales if your brand isn't present in consumers' minds. Find out where you stand with consumers with a brand awareness survey.
How frequently do consumers purchase your product or service? Are they purchasing from your competitors? If runners recommend Nike to all of their friends–and you're trying to break into the market–how can you show consumers you're a better brand? Understanding consumers' brand usage will help you see where you stand, and enable competitive analysis to help you find the right niche.
What do consumers think your brand should do for them? Are you meeting their expectations? What benefits and pitfalls do they associate with your product category? A part of the reason consumers may think positively of your brand is not based on convenience or price, but how well you fulfill their needs. Getting consumers' opinion about your brand attributes can help you understand where you're doing well, and what you need to improve your message.
Be sure to include questions that ask consumers whether or not they're planning on purchasing your product or service in the future. Comparing purchase intent before an after an advertising campaign is a great way to see how you're doing.
Example: When you think of running shoes, what brands come to mind?
Respondents can write in any brands they can think of, and you can use the answers to give you an accurate measure of whether or not consumers know who you are. In addition, you now know who your major competitors are–and can measure your brand against them in other surveys down the road. Measure how aware consumers are of your brand with the Brand Awareness Survey Template.
With brand usage questions, you want to measure if people have used your brand in the past, if they use it now, and how frequently they purchase your product or service. You should also ask if they're purchasing other brands. Remember, you already know which other brands to include in your survey questions because you asked consumers to name brands in your brand awareness question.
Make sure to include an "Other (Please specify)" option so that you don't force respondents to choose an answer that doesn't reflect how they truly feel. You can also learn about other popular competitors by including a text box that allows respondents to provide their own answer.
In an initial survey, ask open-ended questions to see what consumers expect from products like yours.
What are some positive words you would use to describe running shoes?
What are some negative words you would use to describe running shoes?
What are some traits would you say is most important for running shoes to have?
To get deeper insights, follow up by asking respondents to rate your competitive set on attributes that you know are important to consumers. This approach will help you see which characteristics consumers associate with your brand (and your competitors) so you can play up certain concepts in your brand advertising campaign.
Example: We would like to know whether or not you associate the following characteristics with each brand provided. Select all of the characteristics that apply to each brand. If you have never heard of a particular brand, please leave those rating boxes blank.
To see how purchase intent changes after your campaign, ask the same question before and after, using a Likert scale to measure how likely they are to purchase your product.
Example: How likely are you to purchase Brooks running shoes in the future?
You can also ask purchase intent questions about where consumers will make their purchase (online or in-store); if online, through which site; and when, (in the next month, 6 months, 12 months) so you can track and predict purchase behavior that will inform the timing and location of your next campaign.
You can run an initial demographic survey to find people who'd be inclined to purchase running shoes–and continue to target that demographic frequently. After you perform your initial brand tracking survey, and you've got your first set of data, you should repeat that survey often to note trends over time. Through SurveyMonkey Audience, we can also help you find thousands of qualified respondents.
Rapidly growing companies or companies in a quickly changing market should engage in brand tracking research on a quarterly basis. Companies in other markets should run brand surveys 1-2 times a year. Whichever interval you choose, be sure to stay consistent so you can accurately monitor positive and negative trends–so your next brand advertising campaign will reach the right people at the right time (and send the right message).
Want to learn more about managing your brand's performance? Visit the Branding and Brand Identity resource page.


This beautiful faceted oval Moss Aquamarine is horizontally handset in 14k white gold bezel and 14k yellow gold band. Minimal, refined and responsibly made, this lovely little ring is perfect for so many memorable moments.
The oval gemstone measures approx. 8x10mm is made by me in my Seattle studio. The 1/4″ Smoky Quartz is handset in a open-back bezel and centered on a delicately hammered 14k gold band.


Arizona's interfaith community is standing with its Muslim brothers and sisters.
Religious leaders gathered at the Islamic Community Center of Phoenix on Monday evening for a solidarity vigil against a group of armed bikers trying to spread an anti-Muslim message.
The bikers' "Freedom of Speech Rally Round II" and accompanying "draw Muhammad" contest were organized by Jon Ritzheimer, an ex-Marine. His group may have intended to send a message of hate to the mosque's 800 members, but churches and synagogues in Phoenix were determined to reject that hate with a powerful show of love.
Monday's vigil was organized by more than 20 groups including the Arizona Interfaith Movement and the Anti-Defamation League and drew about 200 participants, according to Reuters. The event featured a number of speakers and a time for attendees to meet and greet. Community members also left flowers at the mosque, filling the house of worship with "peace, love and care," Tamayo said, instead of the negative messages the mosque has received in the past.
In early November last year I was invited, along with Palestinian Christian Sami Awad and Israeli Danny Sherman to speak to a group of Muslims in Phoenix, Arizona. We, as American and Palestinian Christians and an Israeli Jew, were able to speak with this community about peace-building efforts in the Middle East. It was a blessing to have this time and the people I met there were excited and willing to be a part of these peace-building efforts.
When I heard this young Muslim boy's question: "Why do Christians hate us?" My heart was broken. Hatred toward Muslims is wrong — for all of us — especially for those of us who choose to follow Jesus.
When I had the opportunity to respond to this young boy's question, I said, "Because we don't know you." Getting to know people who are outside of our standard circles — particularly those outside of our own faith traditions — is a crucial step to raising awareness and enabling ourselves to build bridges that lead to peace. This is especially true for high-tension and multi-faceted subjects like the conflicts in the Middle East and the growing tension between American Christians and Muslims.
This talk took place at the Islamic Community Center in Phoenix. The same place where people organized an anti-Muslim rally and on May 29 protesters showed up outside wearing shirts with profanity and carrying weapons. I can only imagine what that young boy must have been thinking. I can only wonder if people within that community remembered our words about what it looks like to follow the teachings of Jesus. In the face of such divisive force, how might those Muslims have experienced Christian followers of Jesus?
PHOENIX—What was billed as both an anti-Islam and pro-free speech rally in Phoenix turned into a peaceful, but heated, religious debate Friday night.
The first evening of the hottest weekend so far this summer kicked off with a group of several hundred motorcyclists rallying outside the Islamic Community Center in central Phoenix. The protest was dubbed the "Freedom of Speech Rally Round 2," copy-catting a similar event in Texas earlier in May organized by activist Pamela Gellar, who encouraged attendees to draw cartoons of Mohammed in an affront to the Islamic commandment not to make images of their prophet. Two gunmen opened fire outside of that event in Garland, Texas, and were killed by police. They were suspected followers of radical Islam. One had been investigated earlier for reportedly trying to join a militant group in Somalia.
Those gunmen were from Phoenix and were believed to have worshipped at the Islamic Community Center. While the tension Friday electrified the crowd, it never erupted into physical violence. Still, attendees were rattled, and loud noises—motorcycles revving or the pounding of several news choppers overhead—seemed to make everyone jump.
Countering the motorcyclists was an equally large group of anti-protest-protesters, many of them evangelical Christians from a handful of nearby churches. Adam Estle, executive director for the nonprofit organization Evangelicals for Middle East Understanding, organized the "Love Your Neighbor" rally to stand between the motorcyclists and the mosque.
"These are my neighbors," said Estle, who also lives in Phoenix and attends Orangewood Nazarene Church, next door to the mosque. He said when he heard about the rally, he contacted his friend, Usama Shami, who heads the mosque. Shami asked Estle if he could organize a group of people to show love and support for the Muslim community that worships there.