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Football Manager Lifetimes
I put this story together for Plus - I'll be writing their new regular Sports Column, which will focus on maths and sport. For more maths stories on sport, see previous Plus stories tagged with sport. And for more on this particular story, see it as published in The Plus Sports Page: Power Trip
Being the manager of a Premier League football club may seem like one of the most glamorous jobs in the world — with the fame comes fortune and the opportunity to travel (well, to Hull, Wigan and Portsmouth anyway). However, as far as job security goes, football managers live on the edge. Their terms can be terminated almost on a whim by their club's owner, and they live and die by their team's results.
It would seem that there is no way to predict how long their tenures will be. However, a collection of researchers from the UK, Singapore and the US have found that there may be a strong mathematical trend underlying how long football managers stay in their jobs.
Toke S. Aidt, Bernard Leong, William C. Saslaw and Daniel Sgroi found that the distribution of tenure lengths for managers of sporting teams in many countries obey power laws. Power laws are fascinating because they arise in a surprisingly large number of naturally occurring phenomena, such as the size of cities, stock market returns, cook book ingredients and even how many times certain words are used in long books.
A power law has the form
where x and y are variables and a and b are constants. The exponent b is usually negative, so y decreases as x increases. In the case of football managers, the researchers found that
where t is the length of a football manager's career and n is the number of managers dismissed at that time of their career. The actual values of the constants a and b vary from country to country and league to league, with the exponent b lying somewhere between -2 and -3 in all cases.
To derive this formula, the authors plotted tenure lengths of real managers against their time of dismissal and then set out to find the curve that best describes the data. In fact, to make things easier, they looked at logarithms, which turn a curve of this form into the straight line
For tenures greater than one year, they found that in the English Premier League, football leagues across Europe, and American football and baseball competitions, there is a straight line of this form that fits the data. Moreover, the fit is statistically significant, that is, it's not just due to chance.
The following graph is for English Premier League managers between 1874 and 2005.
The logarithm of the length of managers' career plotted against the logarithm of the number of managers dismissed at that time of their career. The data can be approximated by a straight line and the fit is statistically significant. The data come from the English Premier League between 1874 and 2005.
But what does all this mean?
As we mentioned earlier, power laws are compelling as they can emerge from simple mathematical rules — the power law is often a macroscopic outcome of microscopic interactions between the players in the system (in this case football managers, the team, club owners and fans, etc). In fact, power laws are often seen as the signature of complexity. In the 1980s scientists found that there are dynamical systems based on simple rules which, through self-organisation, bring themselves into extremely sensitive states, where even the smallest change can cause wide-ranging and unpredictable chain reactions.
An often quoted example of this phenomenon involves a pile of sand. When you sprinkle sand on a table, a pile will build up and after a while reach a maximal slope: any additional grain of sand will cause avalanches whose number and size are impossible to predict. Such a sensitive state is called a critical state and this behaviour is called self-organised criticality. It is an interesting phenomenon, because it may explain "spontaneous" emergence of complexity in nature, which is not a result of someone forcing the system.
When a system has reached a critical state through self-organisation, it can often be described by power laws. In our sand example, the size distribution of the avalanches follows a power law. Power laws reflect complexity because they are similar on all scales. Suppose that the number n of avalanches of size s is described by the power law
for some constants a and b. Now multiply s by a large number c, so you're now looking at large avalanches. These then follow the power law
which, apart from the constants involved, is essentially the same as that for smaller avalanches - the same type of behaviour occurs on all scales.
Given that the power law highlights the fact that there is something interesting going on, the researchers set out to find out what it was. What are the simple rules of football management that govern this system, and is there self-organised criticality?
The authors constructed a model which includes a manager's reputation — this is either enhanced or diminished, depending on the result of each match. The core of the model is a round-robin tournament with 20 teams playing each other once at home and once away — just like in the Premier League. The probabilities of win, lose and draw were modelled as 37%, 26%, 37%, respectively — these probabilities are those observed in the English football league between the years 1881 and 1991 and are assumed to be independent of the managers involved.
The model starts with 20 randomly selected managers, each with a given reputation and tenure. (With a nod to realism, we will henceforth assume that all managers are male.) The initial reputation of each manager is described by a positive whole number, which is chosen at random from the numbers between the firing threshold and the poaching threshold (more on these in a moment). Each manager also starts with a random tenure length between 1 and 40 years. The managers gain reputation (+ 2 points in the model) every time their teams win, and lose reputation (-2 points) when their teams lose. There are no points for draws. Each game has equal importance and so each result is equally important for a manager's reputation.
The length of a manager's tenure depends on how his reputation evolves. Termination of tenure can occur for four reasons:
The manager loses his job when his reputation falls below the firing threshold — that is, he is sacked;
The manager is poached by another club when his reputation reaches the poaching threshold — that is, he gets a better deal;
The manager retires if he gets too old (another parameter that can be varied);
The manager's team is relegated to a lower league because it has the lowest reputation at the end of the season — the team is demoted out of the league.
When a manager leaves the system — that is, he is either fired or poached, relegated or retired — his place in the league is taken by another manager with tenure length of zero and a random starting reputation.
With these rules in place, the researchers ran many simulations, varying the random parameters in each run. Such a process is known as a Monte-Carlo simulation. They recorded the distribution of tenure lengths corresponding to one hundred years of competition. They found that for a very broad range of starting parameters, the model produced a tenure length distribution statistically indistinguishable from a power-law distribution. Similar results were obtained for different probability distributions of win, loss or draw. However, the researchers also found that power laws only emerge when a win enhances reputation by the same amount as it is decreased by a loss, and when each match has equal importance. The latter makes sense if you think that the aim of a Premier League team is to maximise its profit: you need to fill the stadiums and make as much advertising revenue as you can at each game. And as the Premier League is a first-past-the-post competition, each win has equal worth on the league table, with position on the table more than anything guaranteeing further advertising and merchandising returns.
Coming back to self-organised criticality, the researchers admit that their model does not prove the existence of this phenomenon in the world of sport. In fact, the model is not quite as self-organising as it could be, since certain parameters need to be artificially fixed at the outset. They do believe, however, that certain other factors point in the direction of self-organised criticality. The Premier League, they postulate, follows the Red Queen principle: it is an arms race where constant development is needed simply to compete. This explains why once a league has reached a self-organised critical state, it might stay there for a prolonged period of time. It is simply too difficult for a team to shake up the system, given that they are already in a process of continual change in order to stay with the pack. The term Red Queen comes from Lewis Carroll's Through the Looking-Glass in which the Red Queen says: "It takes all the running you can do, to keep in the same place".
What the results surprisingly show is that ability and talent, although obviously playing some role, do not play a major role in a manager's success. His survival is far more determined by the sacking and poaching thresholds and simple randomness in his team's results. 2007 Chelsea manager Avram Grant is a good example of this: as he started his tenure with a low reputation, despite his team's good results, probabilities took their toll and he was sacked at the end of the season.
In any case, it's hard to feel sorry for prematurely sacked Premier League managers when their average salaries are over £2 million.
For more info, see the following:
The paper A power-law distribution for tenure lengths of sports managers has appeared in the journal Physica A;
The Plus article Understanding uncertainty: The Premier League finds more randomness in the Premiere League;
There is more about sand pile models in the Plus article Like sand through the hour glass;
And about power laws in the Plus articles The mystery of Zipf, Network news, and Beating bird flu with bills.
Posted by Unknown at Thursday, November 13, 2008
Labels: Maths and Stats, Sport
Shawn R. Stokes November 08, 2019 1:27 am
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Q: Include Account info in Users Database I'm building my first Rail App and are beginning to setup my database. I have a simpel Users table containg name, e-mail (login), password and so on.
The site lets the users bet each other (with monopoly money), so I need to add information about the users current winnings and other delicate matters to the database.
Question: Should I place these information in the Users table or should I create an Account Table and insert the information there. I'm lacking the knowledge to see if it should raise any security issues to insert the information in the Users table.
Kind regards
Kenneth
Denmark

A: Their actions are a different entity then the actual user themself.  Keep user information such as profile info in one table.  All other entities should be seperated.  So you want to seperate that into another table and create a foreign key back to the users table to determine which row in this accounts table belongs to the user.

A: From a transactional point of view, it is much better to have subsidiary records that track operations than to modify a single record in place.
For instance, if you are having a system where users can place "bets", then it stands to reason there would be some kind of Bet class that defines a bet between two people. As users create bets, the associated list will grow. In Rails parlance, it looks like this:
class User < ActiveRecord::Base
  has_many :bets
  has_many :bet_pools,
    :through => :bets
end

class Bet < ActiveRecord::Base
  belongs_to :user
  belongs_to :bet_pool
end

class BetPool < ActiveRecord::Base
  has_many :bets
  belongs_to :winning_bet
  belongs_to :winning_user,
    :class_name => 'User',
    :through :winning_bet,
    :source => :user
end

The amount of each bet is stored in the Bet record, and the BetPool represents the aggregate bets made towards a particular wager, though you may have a different term for such a thing.
A winner can be designated by assigning the bet_pool.winning_user association if and when the bets are settled.
If you want to know a user's "winning record", then it is as easy as tabulating all the betting pools that they've won and adding up the amounts.
The reason you don't want to be constantly adjusting some property on the User record is because two independent processes may want to tweak that value and you can end up with a race condition if the SQL is not implemented properly. For instance, a user might place a bet and win a bet in a very short period of time.
If a user started with $1000 and two operations occur simultaneously, then this could happen:
# Process A intending to add $500
user.balance = user.balance + 500
user.save

# Process B intending to deduct $100
user.balance = user.balance - 100
user.save

Done sequentially you'd expect the balance to go from 1000 to 1500 and then down to 1400, but the second process started with the original value of 1000 when it loaded, then adjusted to 900 and saved, over-writing the result of the first.
There are methods like increment  and decrement for ActiveRecord that can help with this sort of thing, but the best results are achieved by simply tabulating as required.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Not Every Mother Celebrates Mothers Day! – My thoughts on a page.
Not Every Mother Celebrates Mothers Day!
as today in Ireland it is "Mothers Day".
I was on a training course for a children s charity.
we were doing a night on loss.
you cannot help children deal with their difficulties.
and most people ended up in quite a state.
that loss is not just about bereavement.
we all had to share.
It was then I heard the beginning of this tale.
was a girl of twenty.
It was her turn to share.
Her youngest sister was 16.
and told her family she was pregnant.
easy going, caring mother, flipped.
She had "lost" her niece!
she would possibly regret all her life.
she became so very very upset.
"I cant understand my mum and dad!".
After that night her story stayed with me.
that her family were broken.
I had not seen her in the intervening years.
then she brought up that night.
I asked her was the situation any better.
She then told me "part two".
"Dee" said she could not move on.
that she could not suppress.
between her and her mum.
She began to make plans to move out.
called her and her sister into the kitchen.
and explained exactly why they had done what they did.
"Dees" dad was the father.
that they were visiting an aunt!
had been sent away for the duration of the pregnancy.
her father visiting only once.
for her to give him away.
how her mum was given a present of clothes.
to go to his new home.
This was given a definite "No!".
and kissed him one last time.
Then she gave him away!
that she had never recovered.
She thought of him almost every day.
Her mum and dad accepted they had done wrong.
A lot more time should have gone into any decision.
"Dee" said that at last she began to understand.
returning from a weekend away.
and he had been very willing to meet them all.
and there seemed to be an immediate connection.
so I got to hear the last chapter.
and the pain they must feel on this day!
Are There Unofficial Rules for Blogging?
Are Antibiotics Making My Child Sick?
Thank you. I have this story a long time, and it still moves me. This is the first time I ever wrote it down.
That's a great story and you tell it well. Happy Mothers Day!
Thank you. And to your "better half" too.
Yes its an amazing story. Especially today.
This touched me in many ways. Thank you for this beautiful story.
Welcome. So many people have hidden lives.
Amazingly sad & happy at the same time. Thank you for sharing.
Thanks for reading and commenting! Hope you enjoyed your spaghetti!
Sad and happy at the same time – a very moving story !
And so many with similar stories out there. Thank you.
Thank you. I think knowing its true makes it even more touching.
Yes. I cannot imagine the heartbreak the mother must have felt.


text:
class CreateGradeEntryItems < ActiveRecord::Migration[4.2]
  def self.up
    create_table :grade_entry_items do |t|
      t.integer :grade_entry_form_id
      t.string :name, :null => false
      t.string :out_of, :null => false

      t.timestamps
    end

    add_index :grade_entry_items, [:grade_entry_form_id, :name], :unique => true

  end

  def self.down
    remove_index :grade_entry_items, [:grade_entry_form_id, :name]
    drop_table :grade_entry_items
  end
end

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


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a Manhattan; Credit: Flickr/naotakem
Black Market Liquor Bar: Embittering Ventura Boulevard
Patrick Comiskey February 15, 2013
You make reasonable assumptions about what you're going to drink depending on where you are. You don't go to Manhattan Beach to drink scotch, any more than you would Ensenada; you expect something more beachy there, in a tropical, caipirinha-colada vein perhaps. In Silver Lake you may be able to order a cosmopolitan, but it's at your peril, in deference to absinthe, mezcal, or some other mouth-numbing concoctions.
On Ventura Boulevard in Studio City, between bites of sushi, you might want to pop in a few of the watering holes the strip has become known for, like the Laurel Tavern, Page 71, your odd hookah emporium. In most of these places you'd get more or less what you expect, easygoing drinks, modest riffs on fairly safe cocktails, made with infused vodkas or wan departures from a predictable palette. In the last half-decade, it might as well be called Mojito Row.
So it's a relief to walk into the darkly lit, moody Black Market Liquor Bar, a gastropub on Ventura, and feel out of place.
Black Market opened in 2011 and has quietly established itself as a bit out of the ordinary. I did expect the bar to be high (pardon, please the pun) since Pablo Moix and Steve Livigni are behind the program. What I didn't expect was the degree to which the savory cocktails were going to dominate the winter drinks list, drinks where sweetness takes a back seat to bitter, herbal and other vectors of flavor.
Here were four different whiskey cocktails, all of them laced with bittering agents like Cynar, Aperol, various Amari and of course, bitters — like the Fade to Black, flavored principally with high-proof bourbon and walnut bitters, or The Amber & Embers, with peated scotch and still more bitters, Angostura and orange.
Even the fruitier drinks like the Red Hot & Bothered, a strawberry and blood orange concoction as red as a smog-filtered sunset, is laced with jalapeno-infused vodka, taking your frou-frou and kicking it square in the pants. And their Zombie, made with passion fruit, citrus, pineapple and rums squared, is finished with a dash of angostura — might as well give your Zombie a bite, right?
Patrick Comiskey, our drinks columnist, blogs at patrickcomiskey.com and tweets at @patcisco. Want more Squid Ink? Follow us on Twitter or like us on Facebook.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


This month's workshop features our festive Believe papers, a couple of My Creations pieces and the star of the show: The Art Philosophy Cricut Cartridge!!!
Are you getting tired of hearing about this cartridge? I hope not! Almost everything I do now uses this cartridge in some way. In this workshop, we use it in a BIG way!
A Joy Banner - featuring 3 of our My Creations Banner pieces for a strong, sturdy result. The individual banner pieces are 7" long and about 6" wide and can easily hang on your tree, on a door, nestled in some greenery from the mantle, over a bed, or in the kitchen window over the sink, ANYWHERE! The banner pieces along with the scalloped circle, circle, letters and snowflakes were all quickly and easily cut from the cricut. I added a little Prisma glitter to the snowflakes for some quick dazzle! The pleated medallions are so easy to make and add a great deal of dimension!
A Santa Heart Pocket - This little beauty was designed by Lisa Stenz! Isn't it cute? I used one of our ribbon slides as the buckle and our black button brads for the buttons. These are perfect for holding candies or even gift cards. Wouldn't these be great to hang on the door knob of co-workers at the office? Or surprise your kids by hanging them on their bedroom doors. Or even from the tree!
Stocking gift card holder - This little stocking is SO easy to make! Instead of pulling out the sewing machine to create a pocket with the two pieces, we simply glue the edges together with Liquid Glass! A little Liquid Applique on the cuff, and Red Glitz Glitter on the berries add the finishing touches! These will dangle nicely from your packages, the tree, the mantle, the banister - anywhere you want to add a little festive cheer! You can even personalize them by adding a name, or dress up the heel and toe with sparkles for stitching!
Box & Bow - This project features our My Creations cube for the box, and cardstock for the ribbon and bow! After learning how to do this, you will never go back to store bought bows again! The box is a 5" x 5" cube.
Contact me by 11/12 to reserve your spot!
Thank you Jean M! By the way, I love your acorn cards! Can't wait to try one myself!
Christine - your work is beautiful as always! Thanks for so willingly sharing. I have nominated you for a blog award - check out my page to accept it!


Home » Tech » Do you need an ultrasonic carburetor cleaner for your auto service?
Do you need an ultrasonic carburetor cleaner for your auto service?
If you run an auto service, then you may have heard that people who work in the same industry invested into an ultrasonic cleaning device. And they may be satisfied with the results they get, so you should consider investing in one to clean your equipment. In case you may have never heard about this type of device, then you should know that it brings multiple advantages and the way it cleans the equipment cannot be equalled by any other device on the market. The only thing you have to do is to find a reliable provider, because there are multiple companies that offer ultrasonic carburetor cleaner, but this does not mean that all of them are functional. If you do not have all the information you need about this type of device, then you should do some research, because you will definitely find online everything you need to know.
The first thing you have to consider, if you do not know if you should invest in a cleaner is the amount of time the employees spend to scrub the instruments at the end of the day. Have you ever thought of using that time to do something else, and have a machine perform the cleaning for you? If the employees are not busy to clean the tools, then you can take more cars and this will improve your reviews. The ultrasonic cleaner is quite useful in this type of unity, especially if you want to improve its effectiveness. This type of cleaners perform the cleaning by using cavitation. This means that the device will create microscopic bubbles in a solution, by converting electrical frequency into sound waves. These invisible bubbles will break the debris and dirt from the tools at the molecular level, something your employees are not able to do, and it will leave clean tools, you can use immediately after you take them out of the device. You can purchase this type of device from an online store that also provides brake cleaner, because the majority of shops offer various types of cleaners.
You already know that some tools are quite small, and this makes them difficult to clean. They feature many areas difficult to reach if you use a brush or a cotton swab, and cleaning will become a challenging task for both you and your assistant. But if you purchase an ultrasonic carburetor cleaner from a store as http://www.safesolvents.co.uk/, then it will have no issues to do it, because it uses microscopic cavitation. The device will submerge the tools into a solution, and it will make it into every small corner and even into the hard to reach sports. This means that the equipment will be completely cleaned when they are submerged into the solution. When it comes to the cleaning solution used by the device, you are the one who decides it, and this offers great benefits, because the device has multiple applications. This means that it can be used not only in an auto service, but in many other purposes, so if later you decide to sell it, you can be sure that you will find a buyer, from another industry.


Sometimes the locking system on laminate floor fails over time. When this happens, the piece slides around, leaving a big, unslightly gap in the floor. Tearing the floor up and replacing the worn-out pieces takes a lot of time and runs the risk of creating more damage. When this happens, here's how to easily fix gaps in laminate floor.
You will want to fix these gaps sooner, rather than later. Gaps in laminate floor increase the risk of gouging the individual pieces.
In this photo, I've glued two broken pieces of laminate back together. All that remains is to wipe up a bit more excess glue and let it dry.
The two things you need for a lasting repair are a good quality wood glue, some towels, at least 12 hours of minimal floor traffic, and perhaps a bit of painter's masking tape. That's it. I like Titebond wood glue, personally, but any good quality yellow wood glue will be OK.
Slide the pieces apart and clean up any debris that might be inside the gap. Use a vacuum cleaner if need be. Then squirt some glue onto both pieces. Run your finger along the piece to spread the glue out. You want a generous amount, but the more you squirt into the gap, the more glue you'll be cleaning up in a minute.
Slide the two pieces together as tightly as you can. With some luck, you'll end up with a minimal gap. If there is a bit of a gap, the glue can fill it for you. Wipe up the excess that gets onto the surface as quickly as you can. The glue will dry clear, but excess glue sitting on your floor surface changes the finish and doesn't look good. Put a piece of tape to mark the pieces near the repair to make it easier to avoid the area.
If you have more gaps, move on to the next gap. Fix it the same way.
As long as you clean up the debris between the pieces, glue them, fit them together tightly, and give the glue about 12 hours to dry, you'll have a permanent repair.
If you end up with damaged laminate pieces, it's possible to fix them without replacing the whole piece. Fill in the damaged area with some wood filler, ideally some with a color that's fairly close to the color of your floor. Use a darker wood-toned acrylic paint to paint in lines to fill in the gaps in the grain. Let it dry, then apply a bit of acrylic floor finish like Quick Shine over it to protect it.
The result probably won't look as good as the floor did originally, but it looks better than a damaged floor. As long as you're not right on top of the repair, you're not likely to notice it.


text:
Stephanie Hsu Described the Record-Breaking Number of Asian Nominees at This Year's Oscars as "Intergenerational Healing"
She's up for Best Supporting Actress for Everything Everywhere All at Once.
Christopher Luu
Christopher is a Southern California-based editor and has been with InStyle since 2018. He covers all things entertainment, celebrity, and culture.
Published on January 25, 2023 @ 03:11PM
This year's Oscar nominations broke some records (and still managed to fall short for some movie fans), but nominee Stephanie Hsu told Entertainment Weekly that she saw major progress as she and other Asian actors and actresses received recognition. Michelle Yeoh, Ke Huy Quan, and Hsu were nominated for their roles in Everything Everywhere All at Once and Hong Chau also earned a nomination for her performance in The Whale.
After her nomination, Hsu mentioned that she re-watched her film for the very first time since it bowed in theaters and saw the acclaim as one way for her and other Asian performers to feel "healing" after going so long without nominations at the Academy Awards. Yeoh made history this year as the first Asian actor, ever, to be nominated in the Best Actress category and People adds that this year's ceremony marks the highest number of Asian nominees, ever.
See the Full List of 2023 Oscar Nominations
"I really wanted to do it as a blessing, as a ritual of recognition not only for myself but for the whole family that came together to make this movie, our crew and everyone," Hsu said. "I wanted to return to that little moment in time where we first made this thing, purely out of love for this story that we were telling before anyone really knew who any of us were. So that was a really healing moment to get to see it again, acknowledge how far we've come, and also just to be like, 'I fucking love our movie!' So many people tell me that they start sobbing right when it starts, and now I am that person too. Before anything even happens, I'm just like, 'Oh my God, look at this family. I know what they're about to go through!'"
"I am just really proud and really happy that not only our principal cast, but so much of our creative team was celebrated as well," she continued, adding another reason for the special celebration: "It's 11 nominations, and every single one is everyone's first time [...] I know that has not been an easy road for me, and she's had to go through that times 10. So it's pretty wild that we're having this moment together. Our movie is a lot about intergenerational trauma, but I feel like today we get to have a public-facing moment of intergenerational healing.
EW notes that in past years, Asian films like Parasite and Drive My Car received recognition, but not rarely in acting categories. Hsu will be reunited with her co-stars Yeoh and Quan in the upcoming Disney+ series American Born Chinese.
"I do believe that it's going to be sustained," Hsu told EW of her hopes for continued Asian representation and recognition. "I think some changes are really happening, and I think today was a really big deal because of that. I mean, again, you really think about it and you're like, '95 years is a really long time for there to hardly be any Asian actresses nominated for Best Actress.' That is our collective history, but that history is also being broken."
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Netflix, as we know, the world's largest online streaming platform provides users with a range of over a thousand movies and TV shows to watch online. Netflix provides the flexibility to choose from different genres which contain movies and TV shows with variations from a heart-soothing love story, or a bold entertaining action film.
Another way in which the recommendation system works is by adding movies and TV shows to the watch list. Also, the benefit of a watch list is that you can save a movie or TV show to watch later directly, without making the effort of searching it. Follow these steps to add movies or TV shows to your watch list.
On the home screen, select the 'Movie or TV show' which you wish to add.
Once selected, click on the 'My List' option available on the selected interface.
The selected show/movie is successfully added to the 'watch list'. Your watchlist recommendation will now be available on the home screen.
Using these two methods, you can use the Netflix recommendation system successfully.


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David Wayne Spade (Birmingham, Michigan, 22 de juliol de 1969) és un actor còmic estatunidenc.

Biografia
És originari de la localitat de Birmingham, Michigan. Va créixer a Scottsdale, Arizona. Es va graduar a la Universitat Estatal d'Arizona amb un títol en negocis el 1986.

Spade va ser motivat per amics per començar la seva carrera d'actor, integrant-se en Saturday Night Live el 1990. Es va fer popular pel seu sarcasme. Interpreta a diversos personatges en els seus diferents esquetxos. El seu personatge més famós és de reporter de Hollywood. Com la majoria de l'elenc, va renunciar l'any 1995, des de llavors ha estat ajudant a la transició del nou elenc. Va tornar a fer aparicions esporàdiques en un episodi el 1997 i un altre el 2005.

Spade ha tingut un èxit raonable en la seva carrera en cinema, gràcies al seu treball en Saturday Night Live. El 1997, va reinterpretar el seu rol de sarcàstic recepcionista en la sèrie Just Shoot Me . També ha posat la seva veu a èxits de taquilla com L'emperador i les seves bogeries, on el seu estil sarcàstic va ser pres com a ideal per al rol de l'emperador Kuzco. Últimament ha participat en pel·lícules com Joe Dirt i The Benchwarmers, compartint actuacions amb companys de les velles glòries d'SNL, com Jon Lovitz.

Vida privada
L'any 1992, David Spade va sortir amb l'actriu americana Kelli McCarty. L'any 1993, va tenir una relació amorosa amb l'actriu americana Jennifer Rubin. De febrer a maig de 1996, David ha estat en parella amb l'actriu Bobbie Phillips. De maig de 1996 a 1997, ha sortit amb l'actriu Kristy Swanson. De 1998 a 1999, va tenir un idil·li amb l'actriu estatunidenca Lara Flynn Boyle. De 2000 a 2001, ha mantingut una relació amb l'actriu i portaveu britànica Stacey Hayes, 12 anys més jove.

De 2001 a 2002, ha estat en parella amb l'actriu Krista Allen. L'any 2002, va sortir amb la model eròtica estatunidenca Caprice Bourret. De setembre 2002 a 2003, ha estat en parella amb l'actriu estatunidenca Julie Bowen. De 2003 a 2004, ha sortit amb l'actriu americana Brittany Daniel, 12 anys més jove. L'any 2004, va tenir una breu relació amb l'actriu americana Sara Foster, 17 anys més jove. L'any 2004, amb l'actriu canadenca Jillian Barberie.

De març a setembre de 2006, ha estat en parella amb l'actriu americana Heather Locklear. Entre abril de 2007 i gener de 2008, va sortir amb l'actriu australiana Nicky Whelan, 17 anys més jove. D'octubre a desembre de 2007, va tenir una relació tumultuosa amb la model eròtica americana Jillian Grace, 21 anys més jove. El 26 d'agost de 2008, Jillian té el seu únic fill, una nena anomenada Harper Spade. De novembre de 2008 a 2009, ha estat en parella amb l'actriu britànica Nicollette Sheridan. El juliol de 2011, la premsa mediàtica revela la seva relació amb la personalitat de tele-realitat americana Jasmine Waltz, 18 anys més jove. De març a agost 2017, ha estat en parella amb l'actriu americana Naya Rivera, 23 anys més jove.

Els tabloides li han atribuït igualment relacions amb l'actriu americana Carmen Electra l'agost de 2006, amb l'actriu estatunidenco-canadenca Pamela Anderson el juliol de 2007 i amb la model Kaitlyn Carter el juliol 2012, 24 anys més jove.

Filmografia

Premis i nominacions

Nominacions
 1990. Emmy al millor guió en programa musical o varietats per Saturday Night Live
 1991. Emmy al millor guió en programa musical o varietats per Saturday Night Live
 1993. Emmy al millor guió en programa musical o varietats per Saturday Night Live
 1999. Globus d'Or al millor actor secundari en sèrie, minisèrie o telefilm per Just Shoot Me!
 1999. Emmy al millor actor secundari en sèrie còmica per Just Shoot Me!
 2000. Globus d'Or al millor actor secundari en sèrie, minisèrie o telefilm per Just Shoot Me!

Referències

Enllaços externs

 Web oficial

Actors de cinema de Michigan
Actors de sèries de televisió de Michigan
Actors de doblatge estatunidencs
Guionistes de cinema de Michigan
Humoristes estatunidencs
Alumnes de la Universitat Estatal d'Arizona
Escriptors de Michigan

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Alan Weedon is a publisher and photographer. His work has been published in VICE, i-D, and The Quietus, among others.
Currently he's a journalist in the ABC Asia Pacific newsroom, and the Creative Director of Swampland—a print publication devoted to longform Australian music journalism and photography.
Call me, beep me, if you wanna reach me, etc.


text:
Q: Does Python have an immutable list? Does python have immutable lists?
Suppose I wish to have the functionality of an ordered collection of elements, but which I want to guarantee will not change, how can this be implemented? Lists are ordered but they can be mutated.

A: You can simulate a Lisp-style immutable singly-linked list using two-element tuples (note: this is different than the any-element tuple answer, which creates a tuple that's much less flexible):
nil = ()
cons = lambda ele, l: (ele, l)

e.g. for the list [1, 2, 3], you would have the following:
l = cons(1, cons(2, cons(3, nil))) # (1, (2, (3, ())))

Your standard car and cdr functions are straightforward:
car = lambda l: l[0]
cdr = lambda l: l[1]

Since this list is singly linked, appending to the front is O(1). Since this list is immutable, if the underlying elements in the list are also immutable, then you can safely share any sublist to be reused in another list.

A: This question deserves a modern answer, now that type annotations and type checking via mypy are getting more popular.
Replacing a List[T] by a tuple may not be the ideal solution when using type annotations. Conceptually a list has a generic arity of 1, i.e., they have a single generic argument T (of course, this argument can be a Union[A, B, C, ...] to account for heterogeneously typed lists). In contrast tuples are inherently variadic generics Tuple[A, B, C, ...]. This makes tuples an awkward list replacement.
In fact, type checking offers another possibility: It is possible to annotate variables as immutable lists by using typing.Sequence, which corresponds to the type of the immutable interface collections.abc.Sequence. For example:
from typing import Sequence

def f(immutable_list: Sequence[str]) -> None:
    # We want to prevent mutations like:
    immutable_list.append("something")

mutable_list = ["a", "b", "c"]
f(mutable_list)
print(mutable_list)

Of course, in terms of runtime behavior this isn't immutable, i.e., the Python interpreter will happily mutate immutable_list, and the output would be ["a", "b", "c", "something"].
However, if your project uses a type checker like mypy, it will reject the code with:
immutable_lists_1.py:6: error: "Sequence[str]" has no attribute "append"
Found 1 error in 1 file (checked 1 source file)

So under the hood you can continue to use regular lists, but the type checker can effectively prevent any mutations at type-check time.
Similarly you could prevent modifications of list members e.g. in immutable dataclasses (note that field assignment on a frozen dataclass in fact is prevent at runtime):
@dataclass(frozen=True)
class ImmutableData:
    immutable_list: Sequence[str]

def f(immutable_data: ImmutableData) -> None:
    # mypy will prevent mutations here as well:
    immutable_data.immutable_list.append("something")

The same principle can be used for dicts via typing.Mapping.

A: But if there is a tuple of arrays and tuples, then the array inside a tuple can be modified.
>>> a
([1, 2, 3], (4, 5, 6))

>>> a[0][0] = 'one'

>>> a
(['one', 2, 3], (4, 5, 6))

A: List and Tuple have a difference in their working style.
In LIST we can make changes after its creation but if you want an ordered sequence in which no changes can be applied in the future you can use TUPLE.
further information::
 1) the LIST is mutable that means you can make changes in it after its creation
 2) In Tuple, we can not make changes once it created
 3) the List syntax is
           abcd=[1,'avn',3,2.0]
 4) the syntax for Tuple is
           abcd=(1,'avn',3,2.0)
      or   abcd= 1,'avn',3,2.0 it is also correct

A: Here is an ImmutableList implementation. The underlying list is not exposed in any direct data member. Still, it can be accessed using the closure property of the member function. If we follow the convention of not modifying the contents of closure using the above property, this implementation will serve the purpose. Instance of this ImmutableList class can be used anywhere a normal python list is expected.
from functools import reduce

__author__ = 'hareesh'

class ImmutableList:
    """
    An unmodifiable List class which uses a closure to wrap the original list.
    Since nothing is truly private in python, even closures can be accessed and
    modified using the __closure__ member of a function. As, long as this is
    not done by the client, this can be considered as an unmodifiable list.

    This is a wrapper around the python list class
    which is passed in the constructor while creating an instance of this class.
    The second optional argument to the constructor 'copy_input_list' specifies
    whether to make a copy of the input list and use it to create the immutable
    list. To make the list truly immutable, this has to be set to True. The
    default value is False, which makes this a mere wrapper around the input
    list. In scenarios where the input list handle is not available to other
    pieces of code, for modification, this approach is fine. (E.g., scenarios
    where the input list is created as a local variable within a function OR
    it is a part of a library for which there is no public API to get a handle
    to the list).

    The instance of this class can be used in almost all scenarios where a
    normal python list can be used. For eg:
    01. It can be used in a for loop
    02. It can be used to access elements by index i.e. immList[i]
    03. It can be clubbed with other python lists and immutable lists. If
        lst is a python list and imm is an immutable list, the following can be
        performed to get a clubbed list:
        ret_list = lst + imm
        ret_list = imm + lst
        ret_list = imm + imm
    04. It can be multiplied by an integer to increase the size
        (imm * 4 or 4 * imm)
    05. It can be used in the slicing operator to extract sub lists (imm[3:4] or
        imm[:3] or imm[4:])
    06. The len method can be used to get the length of the immutable list.
    07. It can be compared with other immutable and python lists using the
        >, <, ==, <=, >= and != operators.
    08. Existence of an element can be checked with 'in' clause as in the case
        of normal python lists. (e.g. '2' in imm)
    09. The copy, count and index methods behave in the same manner as python
        lists.
    10. The str() method can be used to print a string representation of the
        list similar to the python list.
    """

    @staticmethod
    def _list_append(lst, val):
        """
        Private utility method used to append a value to an existing list and
        return the list itself (so that it can be used in funcutils.reduce
        method for chained invocations.

        @param lst: List to which value is to be appended
        @param val: The value to append to the list
        @return: The input list with an extra element added at the end.

        """
        lst.append(val)
        return lst

    @staticmethod
    def _methods_impl(lst, func_id, *args):
        """
        This static private method is where all the delegate methods are
        implemented. This function should be invoked with reference to the
        input list, the function id and other arguments required to
        invoke the function

        @param list: The list that the Immutable list wraps.

        @param func_id: should be the key of one of the functions listed in the
            'functions' dictionary, within the method.
        @param args: Arguments required to execute the function. Can be empty

        @return: The execution result of the function specified by the func_id
        """

        # returns iterator of the wrapped list, so that for loop and other
        # functions relying on the iterable interface can work.
        _il_iter = lambda: lst.__iter__()
        _il_get_item = lambda: lst[args[0]]  # index access method.
        _il_len = lambda: len(lst)  # length of the list
        _il_str = lambda: lst.__str__()  # string function
        # Following represent the >, < , >=, <=, ==, != operators.
        _il_gt = lambda: lst.__gt__(args[0])
        _il_lt = lambda: lst.__lt__(args[0])
        _il_ge = lambda: lst.__ge__(args[0])
        _il_le = lambda: lst.__le__(args[0])
        _il_eq = lambda: lst.__eq__(args[0])
        _il_ne = lambda: lst.__ne__(args[0])
        # The following is to check for existence of an element with the
        # in clause.
        _il_contains = lambda: lst.__contains__(args[0])
        # * operator with an integer to multiply the list size.
        _il_mul = lambda: lst.__mul__(args[0])
        # + operator to merge with another list and return a new merged
        # python list.
        _il_add = lambda: reduce(
            lambda x, y: ImmutableList._list_append(x, y), args[0], list(lst))
        # Reverse + operator, to have python list as the first operand of the
        # + operator.
        _il_radd = lambda: reduce(
            lambda x, y: ImmutableList._list_append(x, y), lst, list(args[0]))
        # Reverse * operator. (same as the * operator)
        _il_rmul = lambda: lst.__mul__(args[0])
        # Copy, count and index methods.
        _il_copy = lambda: lst.copy()
        _il_count = lambda: lst.count(args[0])
        _il_index = lambda: lst.index(
            args[0], args[1], args[2] if args[2] else len(lst))

        functions = {0: _il_iter, 1: _il_get_item, 2: _il_len, 3: _il_str,
                     4: _il_gt, 5: _il_lt, 6: _il_ge, 7: _il_le, 8: _il_eq,
                     9: _il_ne, 10: _il_contains, 11: _il_add, 12: _il_mul,
                     13: _il_radd, 14: _il_rmul, 15: _il_copy, 16: _il_count,
                     17: _il_index}

        return functions[func_id]()

    def __init__(self, input_lst, copy_input_list=False):
        """
        Constructor of the Immutable list. Creates a dynamic function/closure
        that wraps the input list, which can be later passed to the
        _methods_impl static method defined above. This is
        required to avoid maintaining the input list as a data member, to
        prevent the caller from accessing and modifying it.

        @param input_lst: The input list to be wrapped by the Immutable list.
        @param copy_input_list: specifies whether to clone the input list and
            use the clone in the instance. See class documentation for more
            details.
        @return:
        """

        assert(isinstance(input_lst, list))
        lst = list(input_lst) if copy_input_list else input_lst
        self._delegate_fn = lambda func_id, *args: \
            ImmutableList._methods_impl(lst, func_id, *args)

    # All overridden methods.
    def __iter__(self): return self._delegate_fn(0)

    def __getitem__(self, index): return self._delegate_fn(1, index)

    def __len__(self): return self._delegate_fn(2)

    def __str__(self): return self._delegate_fn(3)

    def __gt__(self, other): return self._delegate_fn(4, other)

    def __lt__(self, other): return self._delegate_fn(5, other)

    def __ge__(self, other): return self._delegate_fn(6, other)

    def __le__(self, other): return self._delegate_fn(7, other)

    def __eq__(self, other): return self._delegate_fn(8, other)

    def __ne__(self, other): return self._delegate_fn(9, other)

    def __contains__(self, item): return self._delegate_fn(10, item)

    def __add__(self, other): return self._delegate_fn(11, other)

    def __mul__(self, other): return self._delegate_fn(12, other)

    def __radd__(self, other): return self._delegate_fn(13, other)

    def __rmul__(self, other): return self._delegate_fn(14, other)

    def copy(self): return self._delegate_fn(15)

    def count(self, value): return self._delegate_fn(16, value)

    def index(self, value, start=0, stop=0):
        return self._delegate_fn(17, value, start, stop)

def main():
    lst1 = ['a', 'b', 'c']
    lst2 = ['p', 'q', 'r', 's']

    imm1 = ImmutableList(lst1)
    imm2 = ImmutableList(lst2)

    print('Imm1 = ' + str(imm1))
    print('Imm2 = ' + str(imm2))

    add_lst1 = lst1 + imm1
    print('Liist + Immutable List: ' + str(add_lst1))
    add_lst2 = imm1 + lst2
    print('Immutable List + List: ' + str(add_lst2))
    add_lst3 = imm1 + imm2
    print('Immutable Liist + Immutable List: ' + str(add_lst3))

    is_in_list = 'a' in lst1
    print("Is 'a' in lst1 ? " + str(is_in_list))

    slice1 = imm1[2:]
    slice2 = imm2[2:4]
    slice3 = imm2[:3]
    print('Slice 1: ' + str(slice1))
    print('Slice 2: ' + str(slice2))
    print('Slice 3: ' + str(slice3))

    imm1_times_3 = imm1 * 3
    print('Imm1 Times 3 = ' + str(imm1_times_3))
    three_times_imm2 = 3 * imm2
    print('3 Times Imm2 = ' + str(three_times_imm2))

    # For loop
    print('Imm1 in For Loop: ', end=' ')
    for x in imm1:
        print(x, end=' ')
    print()

    print("3rd Element in Imm1: '" + imm1[2] + "'")

    # Compare lst1 and imm1
    lst1_eq_imm1 = lst1 == imm1
    print("Are lst1 and imm1 equal? " + str(lst1_eq_imm1))

    imm2_eq_lst1 = imm2 == lst1
    print("Are imm2 and lst1 equal? " + str(imm2_eq_lst1))

    imm2_not_eq_lst1 = imm2 != lst1
    print("Are imm2 and lst1 different? " + str(imm2_not_eq_lst1))

    # Finally print the immutable lists again.
    print("Imm1 = " + str(imm1))
    print("Imm2 = " + str(imm2))

    # The following statemetns will give errors.
    # imm1[3] = 'h'
    # print(imm1)
    # imm1.append('d')
    # print(imm1)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

A: Yes. It's called a tuple.
So, instead of [1,2] which is a list and which can be mutated, (1,2) is a tuple and cannot.

Further Information:
A one-element tuple cannot be instantiated by writing (1), instead, you need to write (1,). This is because the interpreter has various other uses for parentheses.
You can also do away with parentheses altogether: 1,2 is the same as (1,2)
Note that a tuple is not exactly an immutable list. Click here to read more about the differences between lists and tuples

A: Instead of tuple, you can use frozenset. frozenset creates an immutable set. you can use list as member of frozenset and access every element of list inside frozenset using single for loop.


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A Girl's Got to Breathe: The Life of Teresa Wright (Hollywood Legends) (Hardcover)
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The actress Teresa Wright (1918-2005) lived a rich, complex, magnificent life against the backdrop of Golden Age Hollywood, Broadway and television. There was no indication, from her astonishingly difficult--indeed, horrifying--childhood, of the success that would follow, nor of the universal acclaim and admiration that accompanied her everywhere. Her two marriages--to the writers Niven Busch (The Postman Always Rings Twice; Duel in the Sun) and Robert Anderson (Tea and Sympathy; I Never Sang for My Father)--provide a good deal of the drama, warmth, poignancy and heartbreak of her life story.
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Home > Articles > Digital Audio, Video > Adobe After Effects
Selections: The Key to Compositing
The Many Ways to Create Selections
Compositing: Science and Nature
Alpha Channels and Premultiplication
Combining Multiple Masks
Putting Masks in Motion
Blending Modes: The Real Deal
Track Mattes
< Back Page 3 of 8 Next >
Adobe After Effects 7.0 Studio Techniques
Clearly, you don't need to be able to write out the compositing formula to composite, any more than you need to be able to design a car in order to drive one. After Effects helps you by shielding this formula and many other mathematical portions of the compositing operations from your view.
Ignorance is not always bliss, however, when it comes to premultiplication, which After Effects also largely shields from view when you build a composition. Like Photoshop, After Effects uses non-premultiplied data for the compositing operation (that's how it operates internally), yet it never explicitly tells you (or even allows you to find out) how and when an image is premultiplied and unmultiplied as it makes its way through the image pipeline.
Fortunately, After Effects does an effective job of managing premultiplication under normal circumstances—fortunate because managing it yourself is a tedious process. You just need to know how things can go wrong, the symptoms that show you that something has gone wrong, and what to do to set it right.
Premultiplication Illustrated
Premultiplication exists for one reason only: so that source images look nice, with realistic, anti-aliased edges, before they are composited.
That's right, we have premultiplication just so that a matted object looks right against a black background when it comes out of, say, your 3D animation program. All premultiplication does is composite the foreground against the background, so that the edges and transparency blend as well into that solid color (typically black) as they would against the final background.
It is the color channels, not the alpha channel, that distinguish premultiplied and straight alpha images. When you ask After Effects to "guess" how to interpret the footage (on import, by choosing Guess in the Interpret Footage dialog, or using Ctrl+F/Cmd+F), it looks for a solid color background with edge pixels that seem to have had that color multiplied into them.
What does it mean to have the background multiplied into the edge pixels? Revisit "Geek Alert: The Compositing Formula," but imagine the background value to be 0,0,0. There's your answer. The effect is to darken semi-transparent edge pixels if the background is black, to lighten them if it's white, and to really wreak havoc with them if it's any other color.
The close-ups in Figures 3.9a and b show a section of the same foreground image with the alpha interpreted properly and with it misinterpreted. A misinterpreted alpha either fails to remove the background color from the edge pixels, or removes color that should actually be present.
Figures 3.9a and b Motion Blur clearly reveals the sins of improper premultiplication settings. Although there are dark areas in the blur of the properly interpreted foreground, they are consistent with the dark areas of the plane itself (a). The improperly interpreted version has dark matting all around it, including in the areas of the canopy that should be translucent, and around the blur of the propeller (b). You suspect it's wrong simply because it looks bad around the edges.
Most computer-generated images are premultiplied, unless the artist takes specific steps to counteract the process. The Video Output section of the Output Module Settings for items in the Render Queue includes a pulldown to specify whether you render with Straight or Premultiplied alpha; by default, it is set to Premultiplied (Figure 3.10).
Figure 3.10 Although premultiplied alpha is typically the default setting, the Color pull-down menu in Output Settings will change the setting to Straight.
Why should you care about premultiplication? First of all, because incorrectly managing your alpha channels can produce undesirable fringe artifacts. But just as important, you may find yourself in a situation where those artifacts seem to be presenting themselves although you've carefully managed the process; Suddenly your composited elements have black edges around them. Your job depends on getting to the bottom of this. There are two basic ways it can happen:
An alpha channel is misinterpreted on import (see "Getting It Right on Import")
A matte is added within a composition and premultiplication isn't accounted for (see "Solving the Problem Internally")
Unfortunately, users who aren't confident enough to trace the underlying problem often end up resorting to all sorts of strange machinations to try to get rid of the black edge; re-rendering the element against a different color, choking the alpha matte even though it comes from a 3D program and is accurate, and possibly even more frightening and desperate maneuvers.
To see any alpha channel displayed in straight alpha mode (all pixels with any transparency displaying as pure white), choose RGB Straight from the Show Channel pull-down menu, below the Composition and Layer panels (Alt+Shift+4/Option+Shift+4).
Getting It Right on Import
Most people's ace in the hole if they don't really understand premultiplication is the Guess feature that sits next to the premultiplication settings in the Footage Settings dialog. A preference in Preferences > Import determines what happens when footage is imported with an alpha channel; if this is set to anything other than Ask User (the default), you may inadvertently import files without knowing what is happening to their alpha channels ( Figure 3.11 ).
Figure 3.11 By default, the import preferences are set to ask the user how to interpret an alpha channel, which is a good thing, generally speaking, as a check against errors. If you're not sure about the appropriate setting, you can click on the Guess button, which typically can determine the type of channel. If it cannot guess confidently, it generates a beep.
Is Guess ever wrong? Certainly it can be, if the factors it expects in a premultiplied alpha are there in a straight image or vice versa. Thus it is probably best not to automate this process. In the case of a premultiplied image, After Effects attempts to guess not only the setting but also the color of the background; generally this will be black or white, but watch out for situations where a 3D artist has become creative and rendered against canary yellow or powder blue. For that reason, there is an eyedropper adjacent to the Matted with Color setting (Figure 3.11). When in doubt, examine your footage without the alpha applied: If you see a solid background that is neither pure black or white and After Effects isn't detecting it, use the eyedropper.
Remove Color Matting will not work properly on a layer with a track matte; because this is the main situation in which it's useful, be sure to precompose the layer and its track matte prior to applying Channel > Remove Color Matting.
UnMult, originally created by John Knoll and available free from Red Giant Software (and included on this book's disc), is useful in tricky situations in which Remove Color Matting won't do the job because there is no alpha channel. It uses the black areas of the images to create transparency and remove premultiplied black from the resulting transparent pixels.
Fundamentally, though, as an effects compositor you need to be able to examine your images and spot the symptoms of a misinterpreted alpha: dark or bright fringing in the semi-opaque edges of your foreground.
Solving the Problem Internally
The really gnarly fact is that premultiplication errors can be introduced within the After Effects pipeline. Usually this happens when you apply a selection as a track matte to footage (described in more detail toward the end of this chapter), taking After Effects out of the loop; the application still assumes there is no premultiplication present.
If you see fringing in your edges and need to solve it internally in After Effects, there is a tool to help: the Remove Color Matting effect ( Figures 3.12a and b ). This effect has one setting only, for background color, because all it does is apply the unpremultiply calculation (the antidote to premultiplication) in the same manner that it would be applied in the Footage Settings.
Figures 3.12a and b In 3.12a, the plane saved against a white background has transparency applied via a track matte, which does not unpremultiply, thus revealing evident white fringing against black. Remove Color Matting with Color set to pure white corrects the problem (b), but it is necessary to precompose the color and track matte layers first.
Adobe After Effects Classroom in a Book (2021 release)
By Lisa Fridsma, Brie Gyncild


My name is Sheila Geraghty, and I want to tell you a story. It's about helping refugees, but it's also a story about me, and how my life changed.
So what am I about? Humanity. I can't stand inequality, inherited privilege, racism, sexism, homophobia, or misogyny. Basically, I feel that if it's not a level playing field for all of us human beings, I'm against it. I come from a long line of strong and determined women, and when I set my mind on something there's no stopping me.
Last January, I was sick in bed with bronchitis, feeling cold, miserable, and very sorry for myself. But then I heard a radio interview with two Irish policemen, Ray Wims and Damien McCarthy. They had just returned from volunteering on Kos, an island in Greece. As fathers themselves, they had been moved by the tragic photo of Aylan Kurdi, the Syrian child whose drowned body had washed up on a beach in Kos. I said to myself, "Sheila, get a grip and stop complaining," and I contacted Ray and Damien.
A couple of weeks later, I had given up my job, and after three flights, I was on Kos with a small group of amazing Irish people—Rhona Teehan and Anne and Tom O'Rorke—who continue to be my firm friends in life. We found that the most urgent need for volunteers with refugees was on the tiny island of Leros—so a ferry ride later, we were there.
A refugee family on the island of Leros.
I spent a month there, working with the great local people and expats: Anne Tee, Jo Finn, and Matina Katsiveli (founder of Pikpa, a refugee center in Leros). The highlight of our work was the wonderful refugees and their incredible courage and optimism for the future. One man particularly moved me: He was in a wheelchair and, apart from his young teenage son, he had lost his entire family in the Syrian conflict.
Thanks to kind donations from family and friends at home, we built a state-of-the-art kitchen in Pikpa that continues to provide nourishing food for refugees.
A van for Human Appeal Ireland.
We've been lucky that so many people in Ireland have come together to help us. The press launch for our campaign for displaced and refugee Syrians was hosted by Dublin's Lord Mayor Brendan Carr at his residence. We had a personal appearance, talk, and endorsement by Irish sports star, Bernard Brogan—a great guy who believes in our work.
Sheila, center, with Ireland President Michael Higgins and his wife, Sabina, at an event in Dublin on November 21, 2016.
People become refugees because they have no choice, not because they choose to. Human Appeal Ireland is working to help refugees. Our work is strictly humanitarian. There are camps out in the deserts that the world doesn't know about—on the borders of Syria with thousands of refugees. We haven't forgotten them nor have the good people of Ireland that are helping us.
I am continuing our work with Human Appeal Ireland with my colleague and friend, Fiona Duffy—and to be honest, we're having great fun along the way. We sing our hearts out in her Jeep on the way to work every day. In fact, our next fundraising project is a carol service on December 10 in Monkstown—we're expecting 750 attendees! We're also planning a road trip in the new year around Ireland and maybe further afield, all to raise funds and awareness for refugees. We're looking at getting a camper van and painting on it: "Irish Grannies with Attitude." We're still working on that slogan, but we welcome all suggestions!


text:
Out of Office Message: Portland, OR
By Alyssa Giacobbe· 5/5/2008, 11:36 a.m.
Currently in "the other Portland" for the wedding of my friend Emily, with whom I worked at my first job after college, in the long ago days before magazine assistantships in New York were something you won on a reality show. We're staying at the Ace Hotel, a 79-room mecca of all things salvaged, repurposed, and reworked, located in a part of town once called "Vaseline Alley" for its concentration of gay bars. Vaseline Alley is now part of the hipstery Pearl District, a descriptor supported by the fact that within a single block, you can do all of the following: catch an indie film, pay $18 for a glass of wine, buy a pound of t-shirts for $5, and eat a knish.
The second of a small chain (the first Ace sprung up in Seattle a few years ago; New York and Palm Springs locations are coming soon), the Ace Portland is a former homeless shelter/residence hotel dating back to 1912, and many of the original details remain, like claw-foot bathtubs and doorknobs.
Its environmental footprint is small, which has allowed the hotel to charge really reasonable rates (rooms here start at $95 a night). Headboards, couches, and some walls are upholstered in old army surplus; sidetables are fashioned from piles of secondhand books; empty paint cans serve as trash bins. The Kleenex box is kept warm in its own handknitted cozy, and while I'm not sure that's actually green, it's pretty charming.
1022 SW Stark, Portland, OR, 503-228-2277, acehotel.com. Rooms from $95.
Attention, Men: Here's Everything You Ever Needed to Know about Giving Yourself a Haircut at Home
Tickled Pink
A Guide to Wig Shopping


text:
Make templates for faster unit testing.

[![Travis](https://travis-ci.org/dmytrostriletskyi/utbone.svg?branch=develop)](https://travis-ci.org/dmytrostriletskyi/utbone)
[![Release](https://img.shields.io/github/release/dmytrostriletskyi/utbone.svg)](https://github.com/dmytrostriletskyi/utbone/releases)
![Python3](https://img.shields.io/badge/Python-2.7-brightgreen.svg)
![Python3](https://img.shields.io/badge/Python-3.5-brightgreen.svg)
![Python3](https://img.shields.io/badge/Python-3.6-brightgreen.svg)

## Bones for

- `unittesting`.
- `unittesting` already with `mock` and `ddt`.
- django testing.
- django testing already with `mock` and `ddt`.

## Install

Following command in your terminal:

```
pip install utbone
```

Or install source code and follow this:

```
python setup.py install
```

## Quick start or how to use

For creating [this](https://github.com/dmytrostriletskyi/utbone/blob/develop/utbone/bones/django-toppings.py) bone
with name `test_views` in `mysite/polls/tests` use next command:

```
utbone mysite/polls/tests test_views django --topping
```

`--topping` here means, that you need ready `mock` and `ddt`.

Result is next:

```python
"""
Tests for
"""
from ddt import ddt, data, unpack
from mock import patch

from django.test import TestCase

class Test(TestCase):
    """
    Tests for
    """

    def setUp(self):
        """
        Initialize
        """
        pass

    def test_first(self):
        """
        Verify that
        """
        self.assertEqual(1, '1')

    @patch('')
    def test_second(self, mock_):
        """
        Assert that
        """
        pass

    @data(
        ('first', 'second', 'expected'),
        ('first', 'second', 'expected'),
    )
    @unpack
    def test_third(self, first, second, expected):
        """
        Make sure when
        """
        pass
```

## CLI

`utbone` is easy to understand: utbone [path to append bone] [name for test] [type of test] -[t]/--[topping].
`-t` or `--topping` (the same option) is an optional parameter.

Follow this command to call full guide how to use this tool:

```
utbone --help
```


Retirement Planning Excel Spreadsheet – If it concerns you needing to set goals for yourself that there are plenty of ways that this can be carried out. You can of course just think about putting them. However if you really need to be certain you achieve your aims subsequently the use of goal setting techniques worksheets should really be considered.
I'd like to explain why the utilization of your setting aims worksheet will be able to let you achieve what you want. Picture for an instant trying to change the wheel on an automobile if you've not found a jack or a tyre iron to achieve that. With no tools that you may need to look elsewhere to get assistance in carrying out exactly what exactly is actually a quite straightforward endeavor. Similarly with no appropriate kind purpose setting techniques worksheets obtaining your target gets to be a lot harder.
If you do locate a budgeting worksheet which you like, you may just add categories to replace or it those people which you will not utilize to your particular products. For example, many of these worksheets which you will come across on the web have a location for investment cash but if you don't have some investments to monitor ignore this classification or replace it with one of your own.
Does this signify there's really a steep learning curve to the more recent versions of Excel? No, if you know Excel nicely, you can learn the newest menus fairly fast. However, it is different and also you need to devote time together with it. The major difference among your old Excel and the newer upgrades is your menu program. The old style menus have been gone and changed with older kinds. I had to search around for somewhat to fully grasp where matters were. The great thing is that the mouse menus are expanded. You should spend some time with it to become adept with it.
By integrating just about any expense to your month-to-month budget, then you may rest assured that your entire obligations are going to be taken good care of. Look out for cases of a budgeting worksheet you may employ to start. Many of them are totally free and also you may most likely find they create the job of creating a finances a lot simpler.
Related Posts of "Retirement Planning Excel Spreadsheet"


text:
Tag: communist
Christianity Peculiarly Vulnerable
Rev.Maritz
AAA Creativity, Hitler, Syndicated
If we are ever to successfully rescue the White Race from the insane dilemma it now unwittingly finds itself in, there are two basic questions we must properly assess : (a) What is the average White attitude towards Christianity today ? (b) After 2000 years of Christianity, can the White Man's thinking ever again be brought back to sanity and reason ?
Let us explore the initial question first. We all know that Christianity swept the Roman Empire, and in so doing, destroyed it. The downfall of the Roman Empire was then followed by a thousand years of the Dark …
Racial Socialism
AAA Creativity, Hitler, Racial Socialism, Syndicated
In his frantic, unending endeavor to blunt and stifle the healthy, natural instincts of the White Man, the Jew has worked feverishly to confuse us on those prime issues that are vital for our survival. In this category I have already mentioned the havoc he has wrought relative to our ideas about racial loyalty and also our religious orientation. One other basic idea that the White Man is hopelessly confused about is socialism or collectivism, and I use these words interchangeably. Since this idea has been so terribly abused and confused by the Jews, the Communists and the Kosher Konservatives …
The Jewish Take-Over Of South Africa
In the 19th century the British fought wars to subject the Boer states to British Rule. In 1948, the Boers took power democratically, with the election of the National Party. In the 1960s the government of Hendrik Verwoerd took power and implemented the formal separate but equal policies in South Africa. These policies made South Africa the economically strongest nation in Africa, and gave the blacks in South Africa (and the whites) the highest standards of living of any African nation. Verwoerd's policies had two main opponents. One was a Jew named Harry Oppenheimer, the other a Jew named Anton …
Zuma : If ANC Goes Gown, So Will SA
Johannesburg – President Jacob Zuma on Wednesday admitted that the ANC had been shaken and was in trouble. "The youth league has been shaken but also the mother body has been shaken," he told delegates at the ANC Youth League consultative conference in Soweto, Johannesburg. "We admit that the organisation is in trouble." Zuma was referring to discussions held by the African National Congress's combined national working committee and national executive committee meeting on Tuesday. "I can guarantee you that if everything goes wrong with the ANC, everything will go wrong in this country. There is no doubt about it." …
Let Us Make Hay While the Sun Still Shines
AAA Creativity, Ben Klassen, Hitler, Syndicated
There will never be a better time than now for us to get our act together. In the last chapter (C.C. No. 73) of The White Man`s Bible is listed a number of alibis our White Racial Comrades repeatedly put forth in order to avoid, evade, or procrastinate coming to grips with the dire dilemma in which the White Race is now unwittingly embroiled. That the White Race is in a horrible mess and will soon be liquidated as a biological species, of that there is hardly any doubt by any thinking White Man who has studied the situation. That …
The Spooks In The Sky Swindle
AAA Creativity, Syndicated
In Nature`s Eternal Religion I have already stated that basically five Jewish books have had widespread effects on the history of the White Race and those effects have been devastating. The five books in their historical order are : The Old Testament; the New Testament; the Talmud; Marx's Communist Manifesto and Das Kapital; and lastly The Protocols of the Elders of Zion. The opening wedge of this psychological warfare was the Old Testament, a relatively dull book of myths and fairy tales, dealing in the biggest part about the adventures of Abraham, Isaac and Jacob and their serpent's seed. That, …
The Black Tide And The Dark Flood Are Upon Us
AAA Creativity, Syndicated, Whites
The Jewish goal is to drive all the Whites out of Africa, and finally from the planet earth. When I wrote Nature's Eternal Religion back in 1971 and '72, I predicted that the foolish racial policies of both Rhodesia and the Republic of South Africa would culminate in the self-destruction of both of these two flourishing countries in Africa, two countries that were founded by sturdy White pioneers of over a century ago. (See bottom half of Page 350, in Nature's Eternal Religion.) Today, Rhodesia is no more. It has been replaced by Zimbabwe, as the Jews preferred to rename …
Revolutionary Leadership
Leadership, like fame, is an elusive and fleeting quantity. Some people have leadership thrust upon them, others train for it and struggle hard to obtain it, others are born to it. In this discourse we are interested how we, the Church of Creativity can obtain more and better leaders in our movement. We need thousands of leaders and millions of followers. Leaders come in different shapes and categories. Some are financial leaders, some are best fitted to be political leaders, some are inspired to be religious leaders, some for organizational leadership. The categories are endless. At this stage in Creativity …
De Doorns/Hex River "Service Delivery Protest"
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VII. Show preferential treatment in business dealings with members of your own race. Phase out all dealings with Jews as soon as possible. Do not employ niggers or other coloreds. Have social contacts only with members of your own racial family.


text:
SENTINEL RECORD HOT SPRINGS AR CLASSIFIEDS JOBS
Oct 12, · Microsoft has responded to a list of concerns regarding its ongoing $68bn attempt to buy Activision Blizzard, as raised by the UK's Competition and Markets Authority (CMA), and come up with an. Dec 13, · Cooley advised Avant on the deal. Avant, a credit-first financial technology company, announced that it secured $ million of corporate debt and redeemable preferred equity from. Dec 05, · News from San Diego's North County, covering Oceanside, Escondido, Encinitas, Vista, San Marcos, Solana Beach, Del Mar and Fallbrook.
John Parr - St. Elmo's Fire (Man In Motion) (Official Music Video)
Description: Hot Sr. The Sentinel-Record is Hot Springs, Arkansas source for news, entertainment, weather, classifieds, jobs, autos, real estate, and. WebDec 13, · Cooley advised Avant on the deal. Avant, a credit-first financial technology company, announced that it secured $ million of corporate debt and redeemable preferred equity from. The Sentinel-Record, your hometown newspaper, is a family-owned business. The Sentinel-Record and Hot Springs New Era were purchased in by Clyde Eber. Higgins turned the newspaper into a financial success, an accomplishment in a city known for short-lived newspapers. The paper managed to recover from two fires. Oct 21, · A footnote in Microsoft's submission to the UK's Competition and Markets Authority (CMA) has let slip the reason behind Call of Duty's absence from the Xbox Game Pass library: Sony and. Nov 29, · CHI St. Vincent Hot Springs recently received a $4 million grant from the U.S. Department of Health and Human Resources, the largest grant the hospital has ever received, which will be used to. Nov 23, · 3. "Clyde's" Get your laughs in at Center Theatre Group's latest show, "Clyde's," at the Mark Taper Forum in downtown L.A. The play, by two-time Pulitzer Prize-winner Lynn Nottage. The Sentinel-Record. Hot Springs, Ark. USA. Arkansas Democrat-Gazette. Little Rock, Ark. USA. The Courier. Russellville, Ark. USA. The Daily Citizen. Oct 27, · 2. iii. Section (b)(3) —Information required to be kept confidential by other law 26 iv. Section (b)(4) —Information that cannot be retrieved in the ordinary course of. Hot Spring December 28, The Hot Springs County Sheriff`s Office is dedicated to the protection, well-being, safety and security of all the people of and visitors to Hot Springs County. The Sentinel-Record is Hot Springs, Arkansas source for news, entertainment, weather, classifieds, jobs, autos, real estate, and Oaklawn racing information. Jul 20, · SACRAMENTO – Today, Governor Newsom and California teachers joined together to announce their formal opposition to Proposition "Prop. 30 is a special interest carve-out — a cynical scheme devised by a single corporation to funnel state income tax revenue to their company," said Governor Newsom. Dec 06, · Clad in body armor and carrying an ARstyle rifle, Aldrich entered the Club Q gay nightclub just before midnight on Nov. 19 and opened fire, authorities say, killing five people and wounding WebOct 20, · The 5th Circuit Court of Appeals ruling sets up a major legal battle and could create uncertainty for fintechs. Nov 20, · A year-old gunman opened fire with a semiautomatic rifle inside a gay nightclub in Colorado Springs, killing five people and leaving 25 injured before he was subdued by "heroic" patrons and.
The Pawn Stars Were FORCED To Kick Out This Customer...
PCH offers fun quizzes on a wide range of topics. Animals, history, traveling and more. Test your knowledge and play our quizzes today! In I began working for the local newspaper, The Sentinel-Record. Through this post-college job, I got to know the community very well and fell in love. Dec 07, · JESSIEVILLE -- A masked man in a pickup truck reportedly attempted to steal an ATM from a Jessieville convenience store late Monday by pulling it out with a chain, but was unsuccessful, according. WebNov 29, · CHI St. Vincent Hot Springs recently received a $4 million grant from the U.S. Department of Health and Human Resources, the largest grant the hospital has ever received, which will be used to. Read latest breaking news, updates, and headlines. Get information on latest national and international events & more. Dec 06, · HOT SPRINGS -- Arkansans have always set the stage for horse racing at Oaklawn Racing Casino Resort. More so every year, horsemen from Arkansas take that stage and put on the show. Oaklawn's WebDec 05, · News from San Diego's North County, covering Oceanside, Escondido, Encinitas, Vista, San Marcos, Solana Beach, Del Mar and Fallbrook. The APA Better Newspaper Editorial General Excellence winners are: Smaller Dailies- The Sentinel-Record, Hot Springs; Larger Dailies- Northwest. Search jobs in Hot Springs National Park, AR and find local employment opportunities with Hot Springs Sentinel Record Jobs. Your best source for Hot Springs. The Sentinel-Record has an immediate opening for a page designer to work in all areas of the newspaper, including sports, and to provide design input into. They got off the train in Texarkana, Ark., to spend the night and while they other newspapers in Arkansas, including the Hot Springs Sentinel Record.
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WebOct 27, · 2. iii. Section (b)(3) —Information required to be kept confidential by other law 26 iv. Section (b)(4) —Information that cannot be retrieved in the ordinary course of. Get daily news from The Hot Springs Sentinel-Record with TheSenRec app. You can view every section of the newspaper in a full-content digital replica. MarketingTracer SEO Dashboard, created for webmasters and agencies. Manage and improve your online marketing. Searching for jobs or hiring in your area? Use Hot Springs Jobs Arkansas job search engine - the best way to find a job. Find employers hiring near you and. Nov 28, · Editor's Note: This is a lightly edited transcript of an minute interview with Walter Hussman Jr. conducted in the Wehco Media Inc.'s boardroom in Little Rock on Oct. The week before, Hussman had announced his retirement as the Arkansas Democrat-Gazette's publisher by the end of the year. Employment in Hot Springs, Arkansas. . Below are links to sites with job listings: Hot Springs Jobs. The Sentinel-Record · City of Hot Springs. Plus, 95% of GenealogyBank records cannot be found through any other online services. Search Newspaper Obituaries. Titles in Hot Springs. Oct 20, · The 5th Circuit Court of Appeals ruling sets up a major legal battle and could create uncertainty for fintechs. Oct 12, · Microsoft has responded to a list of concerns regarding its ongoing $68bn attempt to buy Activision Blizzard, as raised by the UK's Competition and Markets Authority (CMA), and come up with an.
Oct 25, · There will be many opportunities to provide input to inform the public record throughout the process. Conclusion. In closing, it is important to remind ourselves about why the United States has historically been a bastion of discovery and progress. We are at our best when our laws and rules facilitate seamless switching, reduce barriers to. There are several resources to assist job seekers in Hot Springs. Hot Springs Chamber · The Sentinel-Record. WebOct 12, · Microsoft has responded to a list of concerns regarding its ongoing $68bn attempt to buy Activision Blizzard, as raised by the UK's Competition and Markets Authority (CMA), and come up with an. Still looking for a job or additional places to post an open position? The Sentinel Record (Hot Springs), Camden Newsand The Banner-News (Magnolia). The Sentinel-Record, is a family owned, daily newspaper in Hot Springs, Arkansas. Have an idea for a story? DM us, visit our website or call Oct 19, · Microsoft's Activision Blizzard deal is key to the company's mobile gaming efforts. Microsoft is quietly building a mobile Xbox store that will rely on Activision and King games. The Sentinel-Record, is a family owned, daily newspaper in Hot Springs, Arkansas. Have an idea for a story? Tweet us, visit our website or call Furthermore, the Hot Springs Police Department (HSPD) was only able to address the Hot Springs Sentinel Record in a front-page feature story on June


Let Me Be the One is here!
Brian stared at a seam in the stage. After the show tonight, they went home. With the sixteen-hour time difference, they'd be landing about four hours before they took off. Add in time to recover from jet lag, and it was going to be at least two days before he could seriously start searching for her. The kids. He got the kids when he went home, too. Bonnie would dump them with him at the airport if she could. Of course, the kids liked Suzi, so they'd be all for helping him search.
"He said some groupie stuck his fingers in her mouth and that's when Suzi walked up and saw it and it was just bad timing and there was nothing to it and he's sorry and do I know where she is because he's sure she'll contact one of us because she doesn't have any ID or her phone or anything on her," Bear said.
Bear and Jason both stared at him as if he'd slipped a gear. "How many times has Logan been caught in a tight spot like that?" Brian demanded.
"Yes Brian, who told you that?" Jason narrowed his eyes at Brian.
"I got an email from Duke." Of the thirty or so he'd sent out. Some of the people he'd tried hadn't been at the party. Hell, SendDown was touring Europe. They hadn't even heard and asked him for information.
"He just said Suzi wasn't feeling good and went hunting for Logan and found him with Gillian. I'm a little disappointed in his taste. Gillian's a skanky whore, and he had Suzi at home." Had being the operative word.
"True, but Bear would know more about that than I would." Jason smirked at Bear.
"Are we done here?" Brian scowled. Standing around yammering wasn't the best use of his time. He needed to get back online and check his email. There might have been new developments, or Suzi might have returned one of the half dozen emails he'd sent since the day before yesterday.
"Yeah, but she ran with Brett Cherney. If you want to talk about questionable taste." Bear made a wobbly hand gesture.
Brian walked away. If they weren't done with sound check, they could come find him. He had better things to do than stand around rehashing Suzi and Logan's break-up. None of his friends were thinking about Suzi with Brett Cherney, who was twenty-four, at the beginning of what appeared to be a long-running career, and carried a reputation for being wild. Brian didn't want to think about that.