text:
Q: Why is move_uploaded_file not working? Whenever I try to move a file it does not work and shows "Image file not uploaded"... I just want to know where the error is...
$target = '/var/www/student/public/myimage.jpg';
$destination = '/var/www/student/public/images/myimage.jpg';

if( move_uploaded_file( $target, $destination ) ) {
    echo "Image file is successfully loaded";
} else {

   echo "Image file not uploaded.";
}

*

*I have checked error log (tail -f /var/log/apache2/error.log) but found nothing.

*target and destination both directories have 777 permissions.

Can someone tell me that how to find out the error. Any idea ?

A: If you are not using HTTP POST upload method then you can use rename()
rename($target, $destination);

A: Has the file been uploaded in the current request?
move_uploaded_file will refuse to move files that are not uploads. (i.e. $target must equal $_FILES[$field_name]['tmp_name']
If it has been uploaded previously, move_uploaded_file will refuse to work (if it is even still there - PHP will delete it if you don't handle the file on that upload if I remember correctly)
If it is in fact not a file that has been uploaded with this request you'll want to use rename

A: move_uploaded_file() only works on http post files. http://php.net/manual/en/function.move-uploaded-file.php
to move a file already on the server, you will have to copy the file and unlink the old file
$target = '/var/www/student/public/myimage.jpg';
$destination = '/var/www/student/public/images/myimage.jpg';
if (copy($target, $destination)) {
   unlink($target);
} else {
   echo "Unable to copy $target to $destination.";
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Back in February, Rockies star Todd Helton whacked into a curve with his black Ford F-150 truck. Witnesses called police to report the likely-DUI driver.
In early May, Helton wound up in court and pled guilty to DUI charges stemming from that night. He told the judge: "I am very regretful to be here… I've taken many steps to prevent this from happening again." The judge gave the major leaguer a minor league sentence: 24 hours of community service, a year probation, $1224 in fees, and a fine of $400.
Here's how the events of Helton's arrest unfolded, according to reports.
A witness saw Helton's Ford weaving all over the road and called police at around 2 a.m. While officers were on their way, Helton hit a median and stopped at a Conoco Gas Station on the corner of Colorado Boulevard and 128th avenue. When police arrived to a strange sight: the truck was idling, empty, with the driver's door open.
Helton later tested to have a BAC of 0.12% – that's 1.5 times the Beverly Hills DUI limit of 0.08%, per California vehicle Code Section 23152.
Was Your Beverly Hills DUI Arrest One of the Most Embarrassing Moments of Your Life?
That Helton was dressed in camouflage seems absurd. The detail humanizes him, but it was probably a hugely embarrassing moment. When you're a celebrity, you need to protect your brand. That logic applies to all of us, in a sense. You want to be seen in a certain light by your colleagues, by your family, by your friends, by society. When you got arrested for Beverly Hills DUI, odds are that you were "at your worst" — or at least close to that.
To deal with this complex issue strategically, get in touch with a Beverly Hills DUI attorney at the Kraut Law Group. Attorney Kraut is an ex-prosecutor, who spent over 14 years at the service of the city, putting criminal defendants behind bars. He's also roundly liked and respected in the local legal community.


Hope for Architecture was born out a hope to subvert our disposable building. Chapman realized that our grandchildren and our grandchildren's grandchildren will be tasked with rebuilding 80% of our current structures. After building a modest garden shed in his backyard, Clay realized that traditional structural masonry applied in a pre-WWII, utilitarian manner, provides a practical remedy for a host of contemporary building challenges: sustainability, rising energy costs, and housing affordability.
For the past five years, we have refined the process and believe that we are able produce multi-century lifecycle vernacular at a production pace that is financially viable to multiple markets and demographics.
In addition to creating a new way of building, the HFA apprenticeship program (link) is also producing new builders who are committed to executing the initiative's values and principals. Chapman also leads an annual two week long, mass wall masonry workshop with Notre Dame's School of Architecture.
Hope for Architecture partnered with Clemson University's National Brick Research Center in thermal mass studies that point to R biased discrepancies in the building industry's energy modeling. Please check out our HFA buildings for what we've learned along the way!


text:
Investigation underway after Offa's Dyke historic trail 'damaged'
Councillor Terry Evans said any damage to the historic monument was 'devastating'
Steve BagnallBreaking News editor
Offa's Dyke
An investigation has been launched after Offa's Dyke was 'damaged'.
The damage of the historic trail, is alleged to have occurred on land near Chirk, in Wrexham, on the Wales-England border.
It is understood excavation work was being carried out in the area at the time and a "stop notice" has now been issued, to halt any further work.
Wales historic monuments agency Cadw and North Wales Police (NWP) are involved and inquiries are underway.
A tweet by NWP Rural Crime Team said: "Update on alleged Offa's Dyke damage in Chirk. The Team along with @cadwwales staff have visited the site. A stop notice has been issued by Cadw. The site has been surveyed & a report will now be compiled by Cadw & any offences will be passed onto the RCT to investigate.
The Offa's Dyke path (Image: Daily Post)
A Cadw spokesman said: "It is a criminal offence to damage or carry out works to a scheduled monument without scheduled monument consent. It is inappropriate for us to comment on this particular case while it is under investigation."
County councillor for Chirk, Terry Evans, said: "Any damage to Offa's Dyke is just devastating."
The trail, popular with ramblers, runs for 177 miles from Prestatyn in North Wales to near Chepstow in the south.
Historians have always linked the dyke with King Offa, the Mercian (English) king who ruled in the eighth century, and have thought it was there as a warning to the Welsh, or as a defensive wall.
It is not the first time it has been damaged.
In 2014, no action was taken against a man who bulldozed part of the ancient dyke, because police couldn't prove he knew it was the famous trail.
Cadw chiefs said at the time, the decision not to prosecute highlighted "a failing in current legislation under which the monument is protected."
In 2016 the Historic Environment (Wales) Act, was brought in which made it more difficult for individuals, who damage protected monuments, to escape prosecution by pleading ignorance.
Thieves 'use two HGVs' to make off with £130,000 haul of digger parts from industrial estate
Woman suffers serious ankle injuries in Anglesey coastal path fall
Then in 2019 Richard Pugh, of Knighton, Powys, was hit with fines and costs of more than £2,100 after claiming livestock were to blame for a seven metre hole. That was branded by judge Rhys Rowlands as "unbelievably ridiculous".
Judge Rowlands said there had been a degree of ignorance on Pugh's part, but it was reckless, not a deliberate excavation, using machinery.
Cadw

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


8 Community Building Lessons from the Farm | SCI Social Capital Inc.
Want to learn some good tips for engaging volunteers and building community at your organization? Perhaps you should spend a morning at a local farm like I did yesterday! We wanted to get better acquainted with Nina and Archie McIntyre after Nina had come to one of our events awhile back. They offered to show us around Wright-Locke Farm (which I'll call "the farm" throughout this post) in nearby Winchester, MA, where they are passionate volunteer leaders. We suspected that there might be practical ways SCI might be able to connect with the farm around volunteer opportunities and some projects we are doing related to healthy food and community building.
1) Set context: Archie and Nina made a point to instill an appreciation of the rich history of the farm, going back to 1638. Antique tools in the stately old barn provide a tangible reminder of that link to the past. Of course, few organizations have centuries of history to relate. Nonetheless, we should all try to convey the mission and history that frames the current activities and specific volunteer tasks of our organization.
2) Design with volunteers in mind: Roles for volunteers wind up being an afterthought SP in many agencies. I was struck by how Archie mentioned early in our conversation that he thought a lot about what products generated more involvement. Animals pull in kids, so they've brought in chickens and lambs. He's not sure what role volunteers could play in maintaining fruit trees; thus, no fruit trees yet.
3) Create a platform for people to share talents: The Wright-Locke Farm is a wonderful spread of rolling acres of farm and woodland. Prior to being taken over by the conservancy that now operates it, the farm was just growing raspberries. They are building much of the farm's expanded products based on the interests and talents of people who want to get involved. For instance, they welcomed a local resident with beekeeping experience to bring his bees onto the farm. As Nina put it, this has brought in a "swarm of people" to help care for the bees, particularly older folks who are fascinated by highly evolved social structure of bees.
4) Let youth lead: Responding to the demand from children and families, the farm began considering bringing animals onto the property. The clincher was a Powerpoint presentation to the board by a group of elementary age students made to the board--how could they say no to that? The same group of students, with some help from their parents, are now the ones who take care of the chickens. These chickens will soon be producing eggs to add to the local food supply.
5) Have fun! There were a lot of smiles all around the farm. It was clear people were having a great time out there doing their volunteer work--Archie and Nina foremost among them in the smile department! Finding ways to make things fun is a focus at the farm. For instance, once those chickens did come to the farm, a fun chicken naming contest ensued. I didn't quite catch which names won, but to make more kids happy, they all wound with middle names, too.
6) Offer a wide variety of opportunities: The farm has a wide variety of ways to get involved. Some volunteers are leading the effort on a particular aspect of the farm, like those running the bee and lamb programs. Others simply pull weeds (there is plenty of that work to go around!). In addition to volunteering, children can learn about farming and healthy food through the summer educational programs. And there are a variety of annual events at the farm, such as the harvest dinner I'm eager to attend!
7) Make people feel welcome: This sounds so basic, but I can't tell you how many times I've shown up at an event and been met with indifference that I've chosen to participate. Several times volunteers arrived during our visit, and Archie and Nina would politely excuse themselves from our conversation, and give the volunteers a warm greeting. They did more than just give a nice hello. They would check about what that person would be doing and connect them with someone who could help them get going, if needed.
8) Cultivate your relationships Spending the morning on the farm reminded me how building social capital takes an approach similar to that required of farmers. Our culture of immediacy nudges us in the direction of expecting quick results from connections we make. But building social capital takes ongoing cultivation and care, just like we witnessed yesterday at the farm.
Stay tuned to our Week in Woburn email (sign-up in the upper right hand corner of this page for that and other SCI newsletters), as we'll include Wright-Locke Farm volunteer opportunities. Or you can follow us on Twitter as we'll be sure to tweet those opportunities, too.


I ordered my first Shelf Love Crate earlier this year, and loved it! My box came back in March, and the theme was Firey Redheads. As a proud ginger and wanna-be Weasley, I just had to have this box!
It's been a while since I reviewed a Novel Editions box. For the past year, I've told anyone who will listen to me how amazing this book box subscription is! It has opened my eyes to so many new authors and genres, and I've met a lot of amazing people through the online community that it has created.
December marked the second-last box that Novel Editions will be sending out. While it is sad to see this wonderful Canadian book box go, I am forever grateful for having been a part of it.
Another month, another amazing box from Novel Editions! The theme for August was "The Book Lover's Box" and it included a popular recent release, as well as three practical items any self-proclaimed book lover would want.
My February box from Novel Editions came almost a month ago, but I honestly haven't even had time to think about it in between all of the amazing books I've been reading this month! From finishing Ami McKay's The Witches of New York to laughing my way through Aziz Ansari's Modern Love, to now crying over V. E. Schawb's Shades of Magic series, it's been a busy few weeks.
But now, days away from receiving my March box(!!!), I have found the time to review the beautiful books and bookish items that were featured in the February box.


This site ranks for over 80,221 keywords in Google.
If each keyword this site ranked for (80221) was a marshmellow peep the owner would own 16044.2 packs of peeps. That's 1,283,536 grams of sugar, & 5,134,144 calories.
This website is ranked in the top 9,101 websites in the world.


ガンが治った人はトランポリンをやっていた! Rebounding is a key to cancer ?
プロテインパウダーに有害物質・Be aware of contaminated protein powder!
オーガニックじゃないとダメなの? buying organic food is necessary?
牛乳を絶って乳がんを克服した博士が死亡。ダメじゃん食事療法?Dr Jane plant death is a proof that diet change does not work?
ゲルソンでは大豆は禁止 !? Soy is NOT permitted on The Gerson Therapy?
浸潤癌クラス5の子宮頸がん を自然療法で治したジル/ Jill's remarkable story of healing cervical cancer naturally !


text:
El nombre 110 (CX) és el nombre natural que segueix al nombre 109 i precedeix al nombre 111.
La seva representació binària és 1101110, la representació octal 156 i l'hexadecimal 6E.
La seva factorització en nombres primers és 2×5×11; altres factoritzacions són 1×110 = 2×55 = 5×22 = 10×11; és un nombre 3-gairebé primer: 5×2×11 = 110.

En altres dominis
 És el nombre atòmic del darmstadti

110

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Sporting's top scorer Bas Dost received head injuries during the incident, which comes days before the Portuguese Cup final.
A number of petrol bombs thrown at police and two vehicles set on fire.
Pat Spillane say that GAA violence will persist at all levels until clubs are held to the letter of the law.


Probably the most famous Lancaster County soup. Almost a meal in itself.
Combine chicken, corn, broth, water, and seasonings in a kettle. Heat to boiling. Reduce heat and cook three to four minutes until corn is tender. Meanwhile, combine flour and raw egg to make rivels. Mix by hand until consistency of pie dough crumbs. Add extra flour if dough is too sticky. Slowly add rivels to boiling soup by crumbling into soup with hands while stirring constantly. Cook about five minutes and stir in hard-boiled eggs.


Room with a view over the garden.
The room is fully carpeted and air-conditioned, equipped with a TV screen, minibar, wi-fi, telephone and a King Size bed.
These rooms have a private bathroom with a bathtub, amenities, hair dryer and white bedding.
Within this category we have available double and triple rooms.


text:
What is Imaginarium?
"A Positively Polysensual Laboratory in Outer Rave Space"
Our Aim?
To bridge the gap between the subcultures and bring them together under one banner; to create a safe environment to express your inner imagination without restriction. To overpower you with the throbbing pulse of London's underground music, while simultaneously being over-stimulated by the outlandish, provocative, sexualised or downright outrageous costumery of fellow Imaginariumists and the decadent spectacle of the array of weird and wonderful performances on our pleasure deck.
This is the Starship Imaginarium.
History (So far).
Imaginarium is the beautiful brainchild of Voodootronix and Father Lynch which took physical for the first time at the inaugural event in December of 2011.
Both Voodootronix and Father Lynch, also known as the swaggeringly named "Voodoo Lynch Mob", have been out in the world as DJ's, Promoters and Producers going as far back as the 90's.
Lynch is a veteran in the alternative scene and has partied, played (in the fetish sense of the word) and played (in the more traditional music sense of the word) in many of London's varied fetish clubs, while Voodoo is a seasoned underground DJ, producer and promoter who was heavily involved with the 491 Gallery and had stints on the free party scene. Both have played in many of London's top clubs.
They had become bored with the segregation of subcultures and music polices the rave/party scenes had to offer and where craving something a little different. A lot of people they knew where already crossing the invisible boundaries between scenes such as festival goers in the fetish scene, hippy kids hitting the commercial raves and goth's enjoying the odd straight party here and there.
Drawing courage from these brave creatures, and determined to make their own mark on the underground, they set out to create a space where party people could indulge themselves in the most outre of behaviour – while still getting the genuinely raw, non-commercial music policies the rave scene is well known. A focus on seriously bass heavy music and skilful, talented DJ's to provide the sound track for a night of mayhem. Fetish, rave, goth, cyber, gay, straight and all others on the list were to be welcome. They also wanted to combine the concept with stage performances, fashion, art, visuals and installations to give a fully overwhelming experience. For everyone involved to use their imagination as they see fit and enjoy themselves with no limitations on creativity. From this vision, IMAGINARIUM emerged.
The first amazingly successful event in December saw this concept come into fruition with over 300 people daring to pass through the doors of Imaginarium. Since then the follow up events in March and June or 2012 saw that number rise astronomically and each event has bettered its self in terms of scope and amazement ever since!
The Now?
Imaginarium has now passed the 5 year mark, and it shows no signs of stopping.
To make Imaginarium bigger, better, faster, strong and to boldly go where no Human has gone before.


Jeppesen's Indian agent Gana came through for me. Just as I was retiring for the night at my Chennai hotel, he telephoned from Trivandrum with the good news that the local flying club had agreed to sell me up to 150 gallons of avgas if I needed it. What a relief! Gana had recently retired from a long, distinguished career as a fighter pilot in the Indian Air Force. He was obviously used to getting things done, and fast!
The next morning I arose early and headed back to the Chennai airport for the short flight to Trivandrum. This time it took FIVE HOURS to navigate through the bureaucracy, get fuel, and begin taxiing for takeoff. The Indian government is obviously committed to creating as many civil service jobs at the airport as possible, as I was required to fill out, and obtain official approval of, multiple forms in countless offices before I could return to my plane. An example of this ridiculous employment featherbedding was the requirement that I spend more than ten minutes in one office filling out forms to APPLY FOR a weather briefing package, which I then obtained by turning in those forms and securing their approval at yet another office in another location. The weather briefing envelope I finally received was outdated, skimpy, and for all intents and purposes, useless. Thankfully, Jeppesen had faxed a thorough briefing package to my hotel before my departure in the morning, so I could ignore this "official" one. Despite this, Indian regulations mandated that I apply for and obtain one of theirs.
There was one official stop that I'm glad I was required to make. Each pilot leaving Chennai that day was required to report to an office staffed by Indian Air Force personnel for a military briefing. A young lieutenant greeted me there with a pleasant welcome and reviewed my proposed routing to Trivandrum. I had prepared a flight plan that skirted down the Indian East coast to my destination, since Indian aeronautical charts were clearly placarded that foreign registered aircraft were prohibited from overflying certain sectors of the country's interior. The reason for this restriction was the recent discovery that small, foreign aircraft had been dropping weapons and ammunition to certain criminal and rebel elements in southern rural areas. By limiting such aircraft to an offshore routing, these nefarious activities were less likely to occur. Now, however, a more urgent problem had emerged. A day or so earlier a private nonmilitary aircraft flown by Russian pilots in the airspace between Sri Lanka and India had been downed by Sri Lankan rebel fire. This was just what the American embassy official in Colombo had warned me about just a few days before! In any case, the prudent response of the Indian government was to prohibit all flights down the coastline near Sri Lanka, and instead to reroute them over the previously restricted inland routes. I was therefore automatically granted a much shorter overland route to Trivandrum. Boy, was I glad now that I'd come to India instead of Sri Lanka. Bureaucracy and excessive fees seemed to fade from my list of serious concerns for awhile!
The flight to Trivandrum took a short 3.1 hours. It was hot, there were monsoon thunderstorms everywhere I looked, and I had to wend my way between 7,000 ft mountain peaks at the southern tip of the subcontinent before touching down in the late afternoon at Trivandrum. I'd spent the entire day wading through endless paperwork all to be able to make such a short domestic flight. The Trivandrum tower controller was obviously expecting my arrival, and he had me taxi to a little hangar located on the opposite side of Trivandrum's single, long runway. Upon reaching the humble structure, the Mooney was surrounded by at least a dozen men led by a proudly smiling Gana. These fellows turned out to be members of the flying club, and they quickly rolled out three barrels of avgas and began working in teams to hand pump fuel from the barrels into the plane. It was a slow, tedious job, but as far as I could tell, a good time was had by all. I was then treated to a friendly dinner with the entire group at the Indian Airlines employee cafeteria over in the terminal building, followed by a short car ride back to the plane.
By this time of the day I was quite tired, and I inquired of Gana about the possibility of spending the night at Trivandrum to rest up for my next leg. He again warned that I could not possibly hope to obtain permission to remain in India any longer. My 48 hour flight permit was set to expire in a matter of minutes, and he insisted that I had to leave, tired or not. I knew that I was facing a 12 hour transoceanic flight to the Seychelles, but Gana prodded me on with stories of military pilots in various situations who repeatedly returned to their combat duties without sleep (implying that if they could do it, why couldn't I?).
Preferring fatigue to the loss of my airplane and possible legal charges being brought against me, I literally flew into the sunset off Trivandrum's southwesterly aimed runway, a tired, but determined pilot. Gana's pep talk sustained me throughout that long and arduous flight. I will always be grateful to him for everything he did for me. He must have been a really terrific Air Force officer!
Members of Trivandrum's flying club shown flanking me on both sides in this photo. Knowing that I had very little time to fuel up and depart before my Indian flight permit expired, they met me upon my arrival there and immediately began a most impressive fueling project. Immediately to the left of me is my new friend Gana, who had miraculously pulled together this entire operation, making it possible for me to refuel and exit the country in time. I look forward to meeting this terrific gentleman again!
Hand pumping fuel from a barrel, through a makeshift hose, and into the cockpit ferry tanks. Gana is shown observing at near left. These club members were mostly professionals: doctors, lawyers, engineers, teachers, etc., yet very few could afford to actually rent the club's one little taildragger airplane and take lessons. Still, they dutifully turn out whenever the club undertakes any projects, this time the fueling of a stranger's airplane with their very precious and limited supply of avgas. I will be forever in their debt.


text:
More Sports:
What does it mean to be a Philadelphia Union fan in 2017?
By Kevin Kinkead
PhillyVoice Contributor
Soccer Union
Paul Rudderow/Philly Soccer Page
With the weekend off, the Philadelphia Union scrimmaged minor league affiliate Bethlehem Steel at Talen Energy Stadium,
After three games to start the season, we come to a screeching halt with the late-March international break.
MORE ON THE UNION
Miami's 'El Clasico' a blatant cash grab and everything that's wrong with American soccer
After hospital trip, Union's Jay Simpson expected to be 'fine' for D.C. United clash
Orlando 2, Union 1: Player grades and analysis for a mostly sloppy road performance
Union mailbag: Penalty problems, moving Bedoya and Philly toughness
It's one of those MLS scheduling quirks, where we build some momentum in the first three weeks, then pause for 14 days for World Cup qualifiers and friendlies. For whatever reason, six MLS teams played this weekend, while the rest were off.
The Union were part of the latter category, which gives us a moment to step back and take the temperature of the fanbase.
What are the positives and negatives surrounding this club in 2017? What does it mean to be a Philadelphia Union fan right here and right now?
I asked you on Twitter to share some thoughts, and the responses were great.
As a simple exercise, I decided to write down a list of positives and negatives from my perspective, then compare that to what you told me for a true feel on how people view this franchise.
Here's my list:
• Balanced salary cap and a commitment to building roster depth
• Shrewd use of Targeted and General Allocation Money
• The front office spent seven figures on a player for first time ever (Alejandro Bedoya)
• The addition of new executives to the front office and departure of cancerous others
• The Union academy produced its first senior team player (Derrick Jones)
• The addition of Bethlehem Steel creates a true pipeline from academy to minor league team to first team
• Addition of Sporting Director Earnie Stewart resulted in true cohesion and a defined personnel strategy moving forward
• Team should have a better city relationship with Thaddeus Kirkland becoming Chester's new mayor (Kirkland was a state politician when PPL Park was approved)
• First playoff appearance in five years
• Proper training fields were completed
• Proper training facility was completed
• Completion of training fields and facility should allow money to be budgeted elsewhere (i.e. the finalizing of one-time infrastructure projects)
• Commitment to youth and early success of Keegan Rosenberry, Fabian Herbers, and Josh Yaro
• Andre Blake is a top-three MLS goalkeeper with international transfer value
• Commitment to tactical shape and an on-field identity
• Still a great gameday experience at a beautiful stadium
• National team call-ups for Bedoya, Rosenberry, and Chris Pontius
• Fewer national media leaks because the coaching staff and front office is on the same page
• The team hasn't won a game since August 27th
• Despite the playoff appearance, Union finished in 13th place with another losing season in 2016
• Maurice Edu hasn't played since 2015 due to consecutive, severe injuries
• Five injuries in one year for Josh Yaro
• Still no real interest in the Union from the average Philadelphia sports fan
• Public transportation to Chester is a mess
• There's nothing to do in Chester before and after games; the surrounding area is bleak
• Parking lots remain unpaved
• Legal battles over private parking lots around stadium, also issues with city parking tax
• Jay Sugarman still comes across as an absentee owner
• No star power on this team, no needle-moving superstar or true goal scorer
• Overall lack of ambition and spending compared to other MLS clubs
• Lack of tactical flexibility and the preference for hard working, two-way grinders
• Depth is important, but is the starting eleven good enough?
• Fewer local media leaks because the coaching staff and front office is on the same page
That's what I came up with.
A lot of the positives had to do with a renewed commitment to youth and the streamlined approach to roster building. The Union aren't throwing money at pricey superstars, but they do have a proper infrastructure in place and the academy will start producing more first-team players. The pipeline from academy to Steel to the Philadelphia Union is now firmly in place and we should all be looking forward to more homegrown signings.
I am a bit wary of handing out too much praise for the completion of the training fields and training center. The Power Training Complex is a top-notch facility and the adjacent pitches really make it seem like this is a legitimate and professional franchise. We've come a long way from training at a public park in Wallingford.
But this is basic infrastructure that every professional franchise should have. It didn't get done until 2015 and 2016. I'm reminded of the Chris Rock bit where he talks about people wanting credit for things "they're supposed to do."
Going along with that theme, a lot of the front office positives are the direct result of cleaning up negatives. Tim McDermott is a big upgrade over Nick Sakiewicz, but most people are. Getting rid of Sakiewicz's lackeys was another positive step, but also necessary.
When the "floor" is total dysfunction, then you can really only move in one direction.
The true credit revolves around the addition of three new executives and a renewed focus on the gameday experience and brand definition. There really aren't any egos in the front office, and you have a staff that spends time really working instead of just talking. The Talen experience is still excellent and the front office is building on that. The ticket sales department is larger, the social media is sharper, and the connection with the fans seems to be stronger. Supporters aren't marching to the stadium carrying a coffin in 2017.
I tallied up the three biggest positives and three biggest negatives I received from your social media comments and emails.
When it came to positives, these were the top three:
• Commitment to youth and building through the academy
• Addition of Earnie Stewart as Sporting Director
• Still a great gameday experience / enjoy just having a local team in general
I ran a poll about a week after asking the original question, and here's how it turned out:
1. What is the biggest positive surrounding the franchise in 2017?
— Kevin Kinkead (@Kevin_Kinkead) March 27, 2017
Most people pointed out that the Earnie Stewart and "youth commitment" ideas go hand-in-hand, which is somewhat true. He's also the first person to ever be in his specific position, so I'd point out that he has a hand in much more than just academy and youth development. He's basically a two-man scouting department with Chris Albright.
As far as negatives, the three most mentioned were:
• Lack of on-field success
• A perceived lack of ambition / not enough money being spent
• Chester location and mass transportation
Another poll for the negative side of things:
2. What is the biggest negative surrounding the franchise in 2017?
Some of the most alarming comments I received splashed cold water on the Stewart honeymoon after just 14 months, which feels premature to me. Though Earnie's addition reignited hopes in 2016, some fans feel like nothing has really changed, mostly due to the fact that ownership's player-personnel budget has not given Stewart the ability to make significant moves. They pointed to the idea of spending seven-figures on Alejandro Bedoya, then going to the English fourth division for Jay Simpson and signing Oguchi Onyewu as a free agent.
There was an overwhelming sense of despondency among fans who feel like the new-look Union won't be good enough to compete with the likes of Toronto FC, Seattle, and New York City, who are spending lots of money while also producing homegrown talent and exploring all avenues of player acquisition.
These are some comments you left me on Twitter:
I received a few emails that expanded on these topics.
George talked about cohesion between the front office and technical staff:
"I've been a season ticket holder from day one and it's great to see that the Union have a plan which they are sticking to. From ownership all the way down through the front office execs and staff, they all seem to be focused on the same thing, which is to make sure that the Union are successful both on and off the field. You can argue and try to make a case on whether they will be successful with this approach of building through youth and undervalued foreign signings, but what someone cannot dispute is whether they are staying true to their plan."
He's right.
You can say what you want about "Moneyball," but there is top-to-bottom cohesion in Chester.
One negative that people mentioned was the Union's failure to gain ground on the Flyers, Sixers, and Phillies in terms of interest and popularity. Some pointed out that the Union left the window of opportunity wide open while the city's four major teams were going through various stages of rebuild.
Here's one fan's take on that topic:
"(A negative is) how irrelevant we are within the Philadelphia sports landscape as well as in MLS. Granted, I follow MLS pretty closely with the Direct Kick package, so I know most of the teams very well, but I'm always surprised when I talk to my friends who are MLS fans in other markets, they don't know most of our starting XI. One of my best friends from childhood is a Red Bull season ticket holder, so we usually watch all of the Red Bull-Union matches together in person and he probably couldn't name most of our starting XI every year. Granted, he doesn't follow the league as closely as I do, but if you watch a team play live 3 to 4 times each year, I would expect you to know them pretty well especially when you consider how little both John Hackworth and Jim Curtin change their starting XI during the season. Just look at all of the latest expansion teams since the Union joined MLS and every one of them (except maybe Minnesota) has a higher profile than the Union among MLS fans. That's tough to take."
Those last two sentences are especially true.
I'd argue that Atlanta's roster is already better than any starting eleven Philadelphia has ever put on the field. They've also spent millions of dollars on expensive foreign players, which the Union aren't going to match.
Cash still rules, even in a single-entity, closed league with salary cap restrictions.
The other main complaint was the location of Talen Energy Stadium, which was supposed to have accompanying retail and restaurants on the waterfront. When the 2008 recession hit, those plans were scrapped, and we instead ended up with an amazing stadium on a boring and bland stretch of the industrial highway.
From Jason:
"The whole idea of Chester was to build it up and supply jobs and give it some form of identity, instead of a place where suburban families would lock their car doors at traffic lights. Is that going to happen? Or was that just an excuse to make us feel better about building a stadium 30-40 min from downtown?"
There's still no reliable public transportation to the stadium, which isolates the region's urban and millennial core. Owner Jay Sugarman has spoken of improving that situation as a main priority going forward. He also would like to transform the one-mile stretch of waterfront property surrounding the stadium and turn that area into a Union "campus," though no real plans have been revealed.
But more than anything, Paul summed up fans' thoughts in this message:
"Biggest negative? Look at our trophy case. Two U.S. Open Cup finals both lost at home in heartbreaking fashion. Two total MLS playoff games. Lack of success breeds a lack of local support."
At the end of the day, I don't think anybody disputes the idea that the Union are heading in the right direction. There is a true rapprochement between the front office and technical staff, and that has created a defined plan moving forward. The prior situation was noxious and untenable.
The issue, as I mentioned before, is that when you hit rock bottom, there's really only one way to go, and that's up. You can't do much worse than 19th out of 20 teams, which is how the Union finished in 2015.
Anyway, enough with the "Negadelphia." We know the team is moving forward, and there are a lot of positive things happening. I think most of us would agree that the club is committed to youth and doing things "the right way."
Now isn't necessarily the time to make sweeping judgments, but let's revisit all of this in a few months.
Kevin Kinkead
Read more Soccer Union Chester MLS


If there's one lesson I've learned from working here at Design*Sponge for the past 12 years, it's that every person's story deserves to be heard, understood and respected. When our community embraces a richly diverse group of people from all backgrounds, religions, ages, races, abilities, identities and points of view, we all benefit. Lately there's been a lot of talk about immigration, refugees and what it means to feel safe at home. I know some will feel those discussions don't belong here, but all I can see are the millions of ways in which those conversations intersect what we do here every day when we discuss homes, businesses and how families live and love. Our creative community is made up of thousands upon thousands of people who came here from other countries, and our goal at D*S will always be to welcome them into our homes, online and off. Because my personal life is devoted to social and activist causes (if you don't follow us on Instagram, that is where most of those posts live), I've been hearing from people who would like advice or guidance on how to be an active ally to those directly affected by changing immigration and refugee policies.
Help Out: If you want to help the ACLU and their team of lawyers working to help people get safely to their homes, Tina at Swiss Miss shared a link to a page of people who will match your donations if you send them a receipt.
Listen Up: Speaking of Tina, the new season of Creative Mornings podcast is back!
Pick Me Up: If you haven't seen this video of the teacher who has a personalized handshake for each student, click here immediately.
Dream Job: I love Lucy's new series on dream jobs over at Design Files. Being a pattern designer (so much color!) at Gorman seems amazing.
Cape Cod Style: John Derian's bathroom at Remodelista is basically my ideal bathroom — simple, minimal and with the right amount of slightly odd, old things mixed in.
My kinda Valentine's Day: Dog kissing booths are a thing? I would sign up for this in a heartbeat. Dog kisses (and any pet kisses) are the best stress reliever and pick-me-up.
What about being an ally to those currently living in these same countries where the US has been actively contributing to refugee crises through endless war, drone strikes, regime change, etc.?
I am not talking about a different group. I am talking about the same people of Yemen, Libya, etc. who have driven out of their countries because of US aggression. Where were the calls to action over the past 8 years?
Really Grace? There have been plenty of people who have spoken out. It just wasn't at the forefront. You are just picking a fight. Grow up! Anything that gets people involved and helping is a good thing.
I'm sorry, I'm confused- who am I picking a fight with here? Who did I say wasn't speaking out about something? I'm honestly really confused.
Seek information from independent news sources as these topics tend to be underreported/misreported in the corporate media. Put pressure on your politicians and don't assume that if someone has the letter "D" after their name that they have a peaceful agenda. These problems didn't start with the orange man. Question everyone and everything. Get involved in the antiwar movement in your community. I'm in Philly and the Brandywine Peace Community organizes protests at a local military base where drone strikes are launched. The Green Party has a platform of non-violence and social justice and host events and opportunities to organize.
Your post is well-appreciated, speaking for myself, and I hope many others who read your blog. We are a free country that has opened it's arms throughout our history. Now, fear has swept this nation to a frenzy. Rare is the citizen who ancestors landed here on the Mayflower. The original citizens (our native Americans)have suffered from the same fear and inciteful rhetoric as we hear now.
Your voice along with all of us who feel we must speak out and reach out adds to the strength needed to surmount this shameful action to all immigrants. Thank you.
Great post Grace! Thank you for the support.
While I do have sympathy for those who are trying to leave there country and coming from a father who immigrated into the US I can truly understand. That being said my father became a citizen, served this country, became a master electrician. If these immigrates are going to come to this country they need to become legal citizens and pledge there allegiance to this country. I see more of flag burning and honoring there flag and not US flag.
Can you explain to me why you think refugees aren't interested in becoming citizens? And why do you correlate refugees and immigrants with flag burning? I'd love to see any facts from legitimate news sources that back up those particular claims.
I understand why anyone who went through the citizenship process would want others to do the same, but I don't think it's accurate to say that immigrants and refugees aren't hoping to get a chance at that process.
According to the US government, most refugees are given the option to apply (which still may take years to finalize) for citizenship within 5 years of making it to the US. I think too often the path to citizenship is made to seem like a simple "apply and you're in" process, but as I'm sure you father knows, it's not that easy.
Grace, as always you have a brilliant idea. In my opinion our country is in the midst of ignoring the core issue, focusing instead on us against them. It seems to me that simple actions can bring us out of this conundrum and propel us into the space of doing something positive. thank you for the site information on IRC. i found it very helpful and will be looking into how i can get involved, in addition to your other suggestions. Thank you for your patience and gentleness in dealing w/some people who seem to be filled w/ a great deal of angst and anger. by the way 100,000 people w/lawful visas were turned away from the US by Trump.
Thank you Grace, for always using your platforms to fight for what's right. Your Instagram feed in particular has been a great resource and destination for solidarity + strength lately.
Beautiful message and a lovely video. The root of all of this is kindness, and we need to practice it more.


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Florence Nightingale All Study Guides Homework Help Lesson Plans
Last Updated on May 8, 2015, by eNotes Editorial. Word Count: 3082
Article abstract: Following a deeply rooted passion to serve God and combining it with a strong will and intellect, Nightingale revolutionized the nursing profession and the design and conditions of medical care and hospital facilities.
On May 12, 1820, Florence Nightingale was born in and named for the romantic city of Florence, Italy. Her mother, Frances (Fanny) Nightingale, thirty-two, was a socially ambitious and strong-willed woman; her father, William Edward Nightingale, twenty-five, was a scholarly and liberal Cambridge man. Florence had one older sister, Parthe, and when the family returned to England, the sisters' education was first handled by governesses but soon taken over by their father. Thus, both girls received a broader and more liberal education than many women of their day. This early introduction to a competitive and intellectual world rather than a purely social and domestic one would be a great influence on Nightingale.
As a teenager, Nightingale was surrounded by relatives and friends, family visits and excursions to foreign countries, and the usual round of social events and gossip. Although she engaged in all the domestic and social obligations and was quite popular, she felt, as early as seventeen, a desire to do something more productive and useful with her life. She was expected to marry well and rear a family; still, Nightingale wanted more. In between social engagements, therefore, she would retreat into a private world of dreaming and writing what she later called her "private notes." Then, in 1837, she wrote in one of her diaries that God had called her to His service, but for what she was not sure. For the next sixteen years she would be tormented by this uncertainty. During these years, she unhappily continued to lead the social life that her mother prescribed, but she managed to find the time for isolated hours of self-reflection as well as visiting and nursing sick relatives.
In 1839, both Nightingale sisters were presented at court, and there Florence met Henry Nicholson, who wooed her for six years before she finally refused his marriage proposal. She could give no concrete reason other than her desire to do God's will, whatever that was. Again, she was overwhelmed by uncertainty about what her life's work should be, and her spells of quiet frustration and spiritual agony worried her mother. After all, Nightingale was attractive, if not beautiful, with dark reddish hair, gray eyes, a gay smile, and a sense of humor tempered with a sharp intellect and curiosity.
In 1842, another suitor presented himself: Richard Monckton Milnes, a Member of Parliament, a linguist, and a social reformer of sorts; in short, he seemed the perfect mate for Nightingale. Her feelings were nevertheless divided, for in that year she learned of the work being done at the Institute of Deaconesses at Kaiserwerth, Germany, regarding the training of nurses in hospital work. For two years, she kept this knowledge to herself; then one day she tentatively voiced a desire to devote her life to nursing. Her family, especially her mother, rejected the idea completely, and for the next six years Florence suffered from the denial both spiritually and physically. She believed that God had called her again, yet since she was unable to follow his calling, she thought she must be somehow unworthy. The best she could do was nurse sick relatives, friends, and villagers. By 1847, she had worked herself into a state of ill health, marked by migraines, chronic coughing, and a near breakdown.
She went to Rome in 1848 to regain her spirits and health. There, she met Sidney Herbert and his wife, Liz; her friendship with Sidney marked a turning point in her life. After this meeting, she soon rejected her long-waiting suitor Richard Milnes, again disappointing her family. Now alone and desperate for an answer to God's calling, she made her way (with the help of friends) to Kaiserwerth, Germany, but her family flatly refused to allow her to enter the school. By then, however, Nightingale was ill and suicidal; thus, she defied her family and in 1851, at the age of thirty-one, entered the questionable profession of nursing. Her rebellion did little good, however, for when she returned to England she found herself facing her mother's anger. Again, she was plunged into the social life and for the next two years suffered as she followed her mother's will, and, periodically, nursed the sick under the guidance of the Sisters of Charity in Paris. Then, in 1853, Liz Herbert made a decision on Florence's behalf; she recommended her as the new superintendent at the Institution for the Care of Sick Gentlewomen in London. At age thirty-seven, Florence's nursing career began in earnest.
Life's Work
As superintendent of the institution for the next fourteen months, Nightingale surprised the committee that appointed her in two respects. First, the "ministering angel" they had thought that they recruited proved to be a tough-minded and practical administrator who completely reorganized the hospital, from food to beds to medical supplies to sanitary conditions. Second, Nightingale insisted that any poor and ill woman should be admitted, not only those who were members of the Church of England. With a fight, she got most of what she wanted. She also wanted trained nurses, however, and this request was not easy to fulfill. Nightingale therefore began to formulate plans to establish a training school for nurses along the lines of Kaiserwerth. Her plans were interrupted, however, when England and France declared war on Russia in March, 1854. War reports in The Times stated that while England and France were victorious in battle, the casualty rate was alarmingly high. In October, Nightingale left England for the shores of the Black Sea with a handful of poorly trained nurses. As a result, she made her way into the annals of the Crimean War.
Once again, the Herberts, this time Sidney, opened the way for Nightingale by appointing her superintendent of the Female Nursing Establishment of the English General Hospitals in Turkey, a position never before held by a woman. It was a revolutionary step, and she took it gladly. Yet her initial enthusiasm was soon replaced by dogged determination, for what she found in the hospitals at Scutari was appalling. Despite assurances by the cabinet ministers in the War Office that everything was in order, Florence found the hospital and medical conditions deplorable. Besides a lack of basic medical supplies (bandages, splints, stretchers), nourishing food, adequate clothing, and clean water, the hospital was overrun with filth, vermin, and backed-up cesspools. In addition, the wounded, the diseased, and the dead were all crowded together in rooms with little or no ventilation. Foresight, luckily, had prompted Nightingale to bring supplies, equipment, and food with her, and while it was not nearly enough, it did help.
Lack of supplies, however, was not Nightingale's only obstacle. Even though her position was an official one, she met with stubborn resistance from the military doctors and staff in Scutari. War and women, even if they were nurses, did not mix. Slowly and steadily, however, Nightingale began her nurses on a cleanup campaign. The job was difficult, yet in time, the men were cleaned, clothed, and fed, and the hospital was scrubbed and emptied (as much as possible) of the overflowing dirt. Her next task was to request the rebuilding of the Barrack Hospital; again she met with opposition, but using her own money and influence, she managed to get the men better quarters.
Her final triumph came when the doctors (or at least most of them) relented and finally allowed Nightingale and her nurses actually to care for the patients and assist the doctors. Thus the "bird," as she was called, became more than merely a "ministering angel," a "lady with a lamp"; she used her official position and her passion to serve God and got things done, thus earning her title as administrative chief.
The struggle was long and slow, for Nightingale was battling men who were set in their ways; they not only objected to a woman coming that close to military matters but also stubbornly refused to admit that there was any sort of problem with the medical system. Yet Nightingale demanded change, and she had some powerful people on her side: Sidney Herbert, Dr. Sutherland, the Home government, The Times, public opinion, and the queen herself. Therefore, using whatever and whomever she could, Nightingale was able to reform the hospitals at Scutari, as well as some of the army's medical policies. Within a year after her arrival in the Crimea, the rate of mortality among soldiers dropped from forty-two percent to twenty-two percent per thousand men.
Nightingale not only was bent on improving the physical conditions of the men but also wanted to do something for their emotional state as well, for morale was extremely low. She set up, to the surprise and outrage of her opposition, reading and recreational rooms for the soldiers, assisted them in managing and saving some money from their salaries, and held classes and lectures for them; in short, she treated them like human beings. In the middle of all this change, she was still battling military and government officials and religious leaders who were upset by the lack of religious segregation among both the nurses and the patients. Nightingale refused, however, to let narrow-minded sectarian differences get in her way, and by July, 1856, a few months after the declaration of peace, Nightingale considered her work in the Crimea complete. As she returned to England, news of her accomplishments preceded her, and the queen invited her to the court for the purpose of awarding her a brooch which bore a St. George's cross and the royal cipher encircled in diamonds surrounded by the words "Blessed are the merciful."
After her struggles and successes at Scutari, Nightingale's work was far from finished: For the next fifty years, she kept fighting for hospital reform. Doctors diagnosed a nervous condition and heart trouble, telling her that if she did not take an extended rest she could die. Nightingale refused flatly and continued her work, which had become both a passion and a mission. When she was ill and tired, she read and wrote letters or reports from her bed. When she felt well enough, she visited influential people and hospitals trying to implement her reforms. The army hospital at Scutari had been only the beginning; now she went after the Army Medical Department itself. Her supporters remained loyal and hardworking; in fact, they were joined by her Aunt Mai and Sir Harry Varney. Yet she also gained two formidable enemies—Lord Panmure, Secretary of State for War, and Dr. Andrew Smith, head of the Army Medical Department. Together, they either denied the need for reforms or managed to undermine her work. Nightingale had met resistance before, however, and their opposition did not stop her. As in the Crimea, so too in England she used her friends, her influence, and her social position to initiate change in medical procedures, sanitary conditions, hospital design, and patient care (both physical and emotional). She wrote an eight-hundred-page report, Notes on Matters Affecting the Health, Efficiency, and Hospital Administration of the British Army (1858), and A Contribution to the Sanitary History of the British Army During the Late War with Russia (1859), which was submitted to the Royal Commission. Members of the commission received the report favorably, and as a result, drastic changes were initiated according to Nightingale's recommendations between the years 1859 and 1861.
Nightingale was then contacted by the Sanitary Commission (an organization set up at her suggestion) and asked to investigate army medical conditions in India. By then, she had become quite a medical authority, and her reputation was spreading with the help of a published book entitled Notes on Hospitals (1859), which completely revolutionized hospital construction and administrative practices. Then, in 1860, the Nightingale Training School for Nurses at St. Thomas's Hospital opened, and in the same year, Nightingale published Notes on Nursing: What It Is, and What It Is Not. Nightingale's establishment of a nursing hospital earned for her her reputation as the founder of modern nursing. Just when it seemed Nightingale was succeeding in all of her reforms, however, disaster struck. Sidney Herbert, her most powerful ally, became ill and soon died, and with his death her open door to the world of men and politics shut slightly. Still, for the next ten years, 1862-1872, she managed to initiate and enact many changes despite the hostility of the War Office.
By this time, however, Nightingale's health was again causing her problems, and she settled in a house on South Street, where she remained for the rest of her life, practically bedridden. Invalid she might be, but inactive and unproductive she was not. She had a constant stream of visitors (from friends to public officials both domestic and foreign) who came seeking her advice and expertise on hospital matters. Thus, from her bed, she dictated letters, reports, and policies regarding the construction of hospitals and the training of nurses; still she wanted to do more. Having devoted her life to the physical comfort of mankind, she now turned inward to her own metaphysical condition, reading everything that she could. As in her early adult years when she wrestled with religious questions and callings, she returned to a state of spiritual and intellectual turmoil.
Nightingale's last ten years, which she should have spent reveling in her accomplishments, were spent, instead, trying to satisfy unanswerable longings and questions. She became increasingly sentimental and senile. The once-thin, strong-minded woman had become a rather fat, simpleminded patient. The world had all but forgotten her. In 1907, sick and confused, she received the Royal Order of Merit; she was the first woman ever to be awarded this honor. It was presented to her in her bedroom, and her only reply was, "Too kind, too kind." Three years later, nearly blind, she died in her sleep on August 13, 1910.
Florence Nightingale has been pictured as a quiet, meek, self-sacrificing angel of mercy moving softly among dimly lit hospital corridors and beds filled with wounded soldiers. In short, she has been envisioned as the "lady with the lamp." Although she did spend many hours comforting the sick in this manner, this is only a partial and romanticized portrait of her. What is often not realized or remembered is that Nightingale was more than a nurse; she was a hospital reformer and administrator. Thus, although her role as nurse was a difficult task, both physically and emotionally, she also faced a more difficult task: She was a woman trying to do a man's job in a society that, generally speaking, opposed her. Luckily for Nightingale, she was also living in a time of great change. She was not alone in her passion and determination to change the health conditions of Great Britain; others, many of them women, were also fighting for changes in laws and customs, as well as social standards and attitudes. While she crusaded for more humane medical treatment and modern facilities, others were crusading for women's suffrage, the need for welfare for the poor and sick, and a general change in attitude toward education and status.
Although not outwardly concerned with these other changes, Nightingale must have been influenced by this growing climate, which challenged the Victorian status quo. While Nightingale's name may remain synonymous with nursing, her impact on hospital design, construction, and administration has remained strong even into the late twentieth century.
Cook, Sir Edward. The Life of Florence Nightingale. 2 vols. London: Macmillan, 1913. An exhaustive biography based on a comprehensive study of Nightingale's diaries and letters, in addition to material written about her in both government and medical reports, including those from the Crimean War. The study also includes a look at Nightingale from the point of view of friends and family, based on their letters and memoirs. As a research tool, this is a valuable work.
Derieux, M. One Hundred Great Lives. London: Odham Press, 1956. A short and concise chapter which refers briefly to Nightingale's early life, then moves on to describe the highlights of her career in the Crimea and her later work in hospital reform and nursing. Serves as a useful overview of her life and work.
Huxley, Elspeth. Florence Nightingale. New York: G.P. Putnam's Sons, 1975. A well-written and readable biography exploring in great detail both Nightingale's personal history and her public life. It also includes a good overview of the historical and social world in which she moved. The book is well documented by excerpts from Nightingale's diaries and letters, as well as government publications. Huxley's approach is both thematic and novelistic.
Longford, Elizabeth. Eminent Victorian Women. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1981. Longford's chapter on Nightingale is a clear and well-written chronology of her life and accomplishments. There is some editorializing regarding Nightingale's other biographers and her romanticized or exaggerated image. Longford's account is marred by her cryptic references to Nightingale's relationship with other women and her growing concern for matters intellectual and mystical.
Schnittkind, Henry Thomas, and Dana Lee Thomas. Living Biographies of Famous Women. New York: Doubleday Publishing Co., 1959. A brief and straightforward account of Nightingale's work during and after the Crimean War. The chapter mentions, in passing, her early and later years but concentrates primarily on the highlights of her career between the years 1856 and 1862. Contains little specific information or analysis.
Strachey, Lytton. Eminent Victorians. New York: Modern Library, 1918. Strachey devotes five chapters to Nightingale in this study of famous Victorians. (She is the only woman he includes.) These well-written and well-documented chapters concentrate not only on Nightingale's personal life and career but also on the social and political milieu in which she lived. The author's point of view is so close to the actual time in which Florence worked that Strachey's work has a tone and sense of familiarity with both his subject and the times.
Woodham-Smith, Cecil. Florence Nightingale, 1820-1910. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Co., 1951. Abridged ed. Lonely Crusader: The Life of Florence Nightingale. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Co., 1951. Woodham-Smith's abridged edition concentrates primarily on Nightingale's early life and nursing career. Although well documented, it is aimed at a young adult audience and oftentimes borders on cliché. Nightingale's accomplishments as a hospital administrator and reformer are dealt with only briefly in the last few chapters.
"Florence Nightingale - Biography" History of the World: The 19th Century Ed. Frank McGill, Christina J. Moose, and Mark Rehn. eNotes.com, Inc. 1999 eNotes.com 2 Feb. 2023 <https://www.enotes.com/topics/florence-nightingale#biography-florence-nightingale>
Download the entire Florence Nightingale study guide as a printable PDF!
How are the theories of Florence Nightingale relevant to nursing in modern times?
Why are the trenches cold and damp and the camps starved and frozen?
What was Florence Nightingale's view on nursing education? What was Florence Nightingale's view on nursing education?
Florence Nightingale said, "Health of the unity is the health of the community. Unless you have the health of the unity there is no community."...
How did Florence Nightingale shape British society 2-20 years after the Crimean war?
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You are here: Home / Blog / The Futile Quest for Coverage
The Futile Quest for Coverage
"How are we supposed to get through all of this material?"
By Beth Slutsky
Many teachers like California's new History-Social Science Framework, which is scheduled for adoption this summer. They're also worried that they'll never have enough time to cover the content detailed in each grade-level chapter in the draft. As one teacher asked us last week: "How are we supposed to get through all of this material?" As we've been writing the latest draft of the Framework, we've tried to make course descriptions teachable and manageable, despite the 180-day calendar. While we don't have all the answers to the depth vs. breadth debate, we do have some suggestions for you to consider:
Start with the Framing Questions. Teachers who have seen the latest drafts of the Framework have told us how much they like the framing questions – the grade-level and unit-level questions of historical significance that organize and unite content. Questions like "how did the environment affect the expansion of agriculture, population, cities, and empires in Mesoamerica and the Andean region? And why did the Maya civilization, the Aztec Empire and the Inca Empire gain more power over people and territories?" (7th grade) underscore the importance of learning about the past through investigation and learning to build arguments based on multiple sources. Using framing questions cuts time that must be devoted to discrete units of study, creates a meaningful narrative of the past, and allows for connections to come more easily.
Take seriously the concept of depth over breadth. History teachers understandably feel stretched between two competing demands: 1) Common Core Standards, English Language Development Standards, and some really wonderful history lessons encouraging depth of study over breadth, and 2) state content standards suggesting breadth of content. Upon first glance, some might look at the volume of the content in the Framework and still feel the tension. However, we firmly come down on the side of depth, especially when there's a big payoff in content themes over time. Imagine an 8th grade classroom teacher that maps her year around the question: What did freedom mean to the nation's founders and how did it change over time? In every unit, whether it's the roots and legacies of the American Revolution, to the Early Republic, to western expansion, to sectionalism – the sources, activities, and comparisons all relate back to a changing concept of freedom. With freedom as the thread that ties together a complex and nuanced 19th century America, teachers can begin to feel more comfortable spending less time on tangentially related material, or focusing that material on the theme. In other words, the significance of something like the emergence of the Republican Party in the 1850s is told through the lens of how it transforms our notions of freedom, so we need not develop and tell students to memorize every available piece of information about it. Thus, the teacher is making choices about depth, and also modeling to students how to select, organize, and prioritize certain sources; these are the same skills that they will also be honing as they move through the curriculum.
Stay focused on significance. As teachers map out the year to highlight key themes, one way to avoid getting drawn too deeply into topics they'd rather not is to stay focused on significance. Framing questions can help with this. Imagine the 10th grade teacher who is trying to move quickly through imperialism, yet who also feels obligated to develop it on nearly every continent. The questions "why did industrialized nations embark on imperial ventures? How did colonization work? And how was imperialism connected with race and religion?" provide teachers with ways to navigate this historically rich yet complicated era and put it in a comparative context. By exploring the desirability of tropical products like rubber and tea, and then tracing how these commodities led to the expansion of empires, which influenced racial and religious justifications for colonization develops large concepts and relationships with case studies without having to cover every topic.
Be selective about coverage; it will help you finish the year. One of our site directors, Stacey Greer, has often responded to teachers who say "I always run out of time at the end of the year no matter what I do," with "Even if you run out of time, you're still making choices." This is such a simple smart way to continually remind oneself that rather than passively make the choice to not finish the chronological order in 11th grade, for example, that we need to actively decide how to manage the content (points #1, #2, #3 can help with this). For example, one of my favorite topics in recent history is the 1980s – the political realignment of the New Right and the "Moral Majority," deindustrialization, "Star Wars" and the end of the Cold War, globalization, and of course Madonna. But to today's students, the 1980s is the distant past, and the relevance of the 1990s and 2000s, especially a contextual understanding of the effects of September 11, 2001, are absolutely essential if we are to prepare them to understand why the world looks the way it does today. I encourage the use of framing questions as a way to be selective about coverage, especially as the school year is coming to an end.
One good thing about the job of the history teacher these days is that in the absence of a state content assessment, the time is ripe for teachers to use their own expertise and make choices that make sense for their own classrooms. The framework provides the guideposts on how to relate the material, concepts, and skills together, and the teacher can now begin mapping its implementation.
*For more information about the Framework, or to secure support for its implementation at your school or district, contact one of our local CHSSP sites across California. And, for a downloadable PDF version of this post, click here.
Tags: California History, HSS Content Standards, textbooks, Curriculum, Framework, inquiry, primary sources