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Australian Review of Applied Linguistics — Recommend this title to your library
Australian Review of Applied Linguistics
Challenges faced by second language doctoral student writers in Hong Kong and their writing strategies
Author(s): Fiona Hyland 1
1 University of Hong Kong
Source: Australian Review of Applied Linguistics, Volume 39, Issue 2, Jan 2016, p. 158 - 180
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1075/aral.39.2.04hyl
Version of Record published : 31 Jan 2017
Writing at the doctoral level presents many challenges for second language writers. This paper reports on a longitudinal study investigating English as a second language (ESL) doctoral students' writing problems and the strategies they developed to meet these challenges. Eight students were interviewed four times over a two-year period during their doctoral program and a questionnaire was sent to over 150 postgraduate students to investigate their major writing challenges and their self-initiated strategies. The findings suggested that students' writing challenges were in two main areas: difficulties with expressing complex ideas in a second language; and difficulties with developing confidence and a convincing academic voice. This paper focuses on the strategies students developed to deal with their writing challenges and uses one case to show how these evolved over a two-year period. Strategies used consistently and successfully included using expert writing such as academic articles as writing 'models' and the use of peer support networks that provided advice and feedback on the students' writing and also offered opportunities for academic collaboration. The study adds to our growing knowledge of the resources and support available to doctoral writers, highlighting the use of social and academic networking and the role played by textual resources such as articles and theses as textual mentors.
© 2016 John Benjamins
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http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/journals/10.1075/aral.39.2.04hyl
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This section contains every part for Waterway wet ends used in Europe. Helpful guides - Face plates : The most common Waterway face plate is 2" The 2-1/2" face plate, easily identified with the larger screw thread, can still be found on many pumps. Seals : There is one seal for the Tiny Mite circ pump and another seal which fits EVERY other Waterway wet end. Impellors : The most common Waterway impellor is found in the Executive wet end. This style of impellor fits both 48 and 56 frame wet ends. It has several part numbers around the front circumference. You need to focus on the inner part where there is a number that will match one of the part numbers on the circumference, easy, or measure the gap. Our pictures and advice on each impellor will guide you. .
Impellors, Seals, O Rings and Other There are 38 products.
3/8" Plug (air relief) for Executive wet ends.
The MOST common impellor used in European Waterway pumps. The same impellor is used in 48 and 56 frame wet ends.


A flap is used when simpler closure techniques, such as secondary intention, primary closure, or skin grafts, will produce a result that is functionally or cosmetically unacceptable. Flaps can reduce and redirect tension, making them an indispensable tool in wound closures. By using the nearby tissue, flaps allow for excellent skin color, texture, and thickness to match the recipient site. A skin flap uses a reservoir of tissue laxity to close a surgical defect known as the primary defect. The operative wound created by the flap is known as the secondary defect. Flaps, unlike grafts, remain attached to a vascular supply known as a pedicle. Blood supply classifies flaps. Axial flaps are supplied by a named artery, whereas random pattern flaps are supplied by the dermal plexus or unnamed musculocutaneous arteries.
It is common for flaps to be classified base on the primary motion of the flap. There are 3 basic types of tissue movement: transposition, advancement, and rotation. Transposition flaps incorporate noncontiguous skin into a primary defect by lifting the flap over normal skin into a defect. Advancement flaps recruit adjacent tissue to close a defect in a linear direction. Rotation flaps pivot adjacent tissue around an axis to close a primary defect, essentially rotating skin into the defect.
Rotation flaps should be used when other simpler types of closure fail to provide adequate functional and cosmetic result. Rotation flaps, despite their length and arc, can be used in many locations. Rotation flaps are most commonly used for lesions on the lateral face, cheeks, chin, and scalp. Rotation flaps are particularly useful for redirecting tension around a free margin to prevent distortion. Examples of this would include rotation flaps used for the eyebrows or lips. There are also several named rotation flaps that are useful in specific situations that will be discussed below.
In addition to the indications for a rotation flap, it is essential that the surgeon consider the contraindications for a rotation flap. Flaps are contraindicated if the malignancy is not completely cleared. Failure to achieve clear margins before performing a flap may have disastrous outcomes. Persistent tumors may grow unrecognized beneath the flap for years. The tumor can spread along the plane of undermining, which can further add to the morbidity of the malignancy. For this reason, most flaps are performed following Mohs micrographic surgery as this modality is highly effective in obtaining clear margins. Additionally, the patient should be evaluated for any signs of malignancy within or near the flap for the same reasons as above. Surgeons should be cognizant that future closure options for nearby malignancies can be severely limited due to the placement of a flap and should adjust their closure techniques accordingly.
Proper patient selection is essential in assuring quality outcomes. The patient's functional status or access to care may obligate the use of different closure techniques depending on the situation. Vascular supply and durability of a flap can also be very patient specific. For example, a pedicle taken from within a scar or area of radiotherapy may have an impaired vascular supply, and therefore other reconstructive options should be considered.
Relative contraindications include the risk of hemorrhage and smoking status. Smokers, in general, are at increased risk for complications following surgery. Specifically, they are at increased risk of flap necrosis, which means that other closure modalities may be preferable due to this risk. Smokers should be advised to stop or reduce smoking before and after the procedure to help maximize flap survival. Patients on anticoagulant therapy are at increased risk of perioperative and postoperative bleeding, which can impair flap viability. Current recommendations are to continue prescribed anticoagulant therapy for cutaneous procedures. Surgeons should be mindful of these risks in planning wound closure as well as intraoperatively to help mitigate this risk.
Rotation flaps are created by using an arcuate or curvilinear incision. Although they are referred to as rotation flaps, in practice, these flaps combine both advancement and rotation to pivot a flap into place (see Figure 1). Due to their arcuate shape, solitary rotation flaps are ideal for closing triangular defects. Closures using multiple rotation flaps, in contrast, do not need to be enlarged into a triangle. Given a circular defect being closed with a single rotation flap, the defect must be enlarged into an isosceles triangle along the arc of the tissue movement. The apex of the triangle must point to the center of the arc, and the base of the triangle must be continuous with the arc of the flap. The isosceles triangle should ideally have a length 2 times the base of the triangle.
Rotational flaps are unique in that they are subject to a tethering effect known as pivotal restraint. Therefore, the rotation flaps can fall short by not completely covering the most distal edge of the primary defect. The point of pivotal restraint, located at the end of the incision, should be undermined widely to enhance the primary motion of the flap. Wide undermining may be all that is required to close the wound with minimal tension. Undermining is typically performed in the subcutaneous plane, with several exceptions. Some notable exceptions include: the nose should be undermined in the submuscular plane; the scalp should be undermined in the subgaleal plane; the periorbital area should be undermined above the orbicularis oculi, and the ear should be undermined just above the perichondrium. Caution must be used in undermining since excessive undermining can separate the pedicle from the perforating arteries supplying the pedicle base.
Pivotal restraint should be considered in the planning stages of the flap. Pivotal restraint is addressed by making the radius of the arc greater than the length of the defect. Some authors suggest the radius should range from 1 to 2 times the length of the defect. This increase in radius makes the arc taller than the defect and effectively compensates for the loss of length as the flap is rotated. Another option would be to add more of an advancement component to the flap. However, this increases the tension on the tip of the wound, which can impair the vascular supply to the tip of the flap. Lastly, adding a back cut to the far end of the incision brings the pivot point closer to the primary defect and is an effective solution to pivotal restraint. However, a back cut will decrease the width of the pedicle, which can compromise the vascular supply of the flap. The degree of tissue movement is proportional to the size of the back cut, so the surgeon must balance the need for additional movement with the size of the pedicle. A rule of thumb for facial flaps is to keep the ratio of length to width of the pedicle to less than 4:1. The face is a vascularly privileged site and therefore can support flaps of this length. However, flaps located on the body should have a length to width ratios of less than 2:1. This is not a common issue since rotation flaps tend to be shorter flaps, but this should be considered when making a back cut.
The length of the arc should be greater than 90 degrees to properly distribute tension. Extension beyond 90 degrees has minimal effect on tension but does allow for a smaller standing cutaneous deformity. Ideally, the arc of a rotation flap should be between 90 to 180 degrees in length. Rotation flaps with arcs less than 90 are subject to higher tension. An arc of greater than 180 degrees changes the vector of tension in a counter-productive manner, usually adding tension in a vector parallel to primary wound closure. The vector of tension for a rotation flap is directed perpendicularly along the arc of the incision, which, in a classic rotation flap, is perpendicular to the tension vector for primary wound closure. Like most flaps, the area of greatest tension is at the closure of the secondary defect. For a pure rotation flap, the area of maximal tension is directed perpendicular to the arc of rotation between 90 to 135 degrees away from the defect. If there is an advancement component to the flap, the point of maximal tension will be at the tip of the rotation flap. The length and curve of the incision may run perpendicular to relaxed skin tension lines or cross into other cosmetic units, which can be a limiting factor in using this type of flap. However, the length of the incision may be used advantageously to recruit distant tissue reservoirs or to hide standing cone deformities in less prominent locations.
Due to the primary motion of the flap, a standing cutaneous deformity may be produced on the end of the arc, meaning a dog ear may form along the arc on the opposite side of the primary defecting. A common way to address this is to take a burrow's triangle at some point along the outside of the arc. In some instances, especially with longer incisions, the defect can be serially halved using sutures to compress and distribute the excess tissue over the length of the wound. If a back cut is necessary, it can be combined with a burrow's triangle to create a Z-plasty at the end of the arc.
Double rotations flaps are commonly used for defects that are too large to close with a single rotation flap. Typically, these flaps are used on the scalp or around free margins. These flaps produce a combination of both advancement and rotation which can make categorization confusing. The design of a double rotation flap starts with a single point on the defect with an arc forming in opposite directions forming a semicircle with a defect in the apex of the arc (See figure). Each flap is mobilized and rotated in opposite directions. One flap moves clockwise and the other moves counterclockwise. An analogy for this type of movement would be closing a book, where both sides are moving equally to meet in the middle. It is important to note that this defect is enlarged into a triangular defect, unlike the other double rotation flaps discussed below.
The O to Z flap is a double rotation flap, commonly used on the central scalp or large lesions on the trunk. Defects on the lateral scalp are typically closed with larger solitary rotation flaps. Scalp tissue can be very inelastic, which may necessitate the use of very large flaps and long incisions. The scalp is an ideal location for this flap because the patient's hair can provide excellent camouflage for these incisions. The flaps start at opposite ends of the defect with both incisions taking off in the same manner, either clockwise or counterclockwise. Because the incisions are at opposite sides of the defect, the curve of the arcs are in different directions (see figure). Each flap will rotate to cover half of the lesion with minimal enlargement of the primary defect needed. In fact, the tip of each flap will need to be trimmed to inset the flaps properly. Typically, each arc is 180 degrees and rotates tissue in the same direction, meaning both flaps will either rotate in a clockwise or counter-clockwise fashion. The final wound assumes an "S" like configuration. A variation of on O to Z flap uses three or more rotation flaps. As in the O to Z flap, all of the flaps are rotated in the same direction. Due to the configuration of the closure, this flap is called a pinwheel flap. Both the O to Z and the pinwheel flap can incorporate a variable amount of rotation and advancement. For example, the pinwheel flap when it incorporates mostly advancement will appear similar to a Mercedes logo. (needs rewording) The pinwheel flap is also useful for scalp and truncal defects.
The Peng flap is used for medium to large nasal tip defects. The original Peng flap was primarily an advancement flap, but the Peng flap can be modified to add more of a rotational component. This is essentially a double rotation flap where the pivot point is located along the midline at the nasal root. Rotation flaps are taken from each nasal sidewall and rotated toward the midline to cover the defect. Some pitfalls to this flap include distortion of the symmetry of the nose if the defect is not centrally located. It can also lead to the lifting of the nasal tip or ala. Depending on the degree of cheek advancement, tenting may be noted at the base of the ala, which can be corrected with an incision along the alar groove. This flap may be used as a single stage alternative for defects requiring a paramedian forehead flap.
Rieger first proposed the dorsal nasal rotation flap in 1967. This flap is used for larger defects less than 2 to 3 cm in size on the distal nose. This flap recruits a reservoir of tissue in the glabella and rotates this tissue along with the nasal dorsum inferiorly to cover the primary defect. The arc of this flap runs along the alar crease superiorly along the nasal sidewall and into the glabella. If the further rotation is required, a back cut can be made along the contralateral side, but should not extend beyond the level of the medial canthus. Marchac et al. described an axial pattern flap using perforators from the angular artery. The vascular supply for this pedicle comes from the medial canthus. Thus back cuts beyond the level of the medial canthus should be avoided as this can impair the vascular supply of the flap. Patient selection is important in this flap as some patients may not have the tissue laxity necessary to execute the flap. It can cause a loss of nasal symmetry, lifting of the nasal tip and ala, and distortion of the ala, if it is not properly designed.
The Mustarde flap is used for defects of the lower eyelid and cheek. This flap disperses tension in a horizontal plane and is used to prevent excessive tension on the lower eyelid and subsequent ectropion. The defect is enlarged into a triangular shape, but if the lesion is more than half the cosmetic subunit, it may be advisable to remove the entire subunit, using the flap to recreate the subunit. The incision is directed laterally from the defect, along with the lower eyelid. The arc after the lateral canthus is directed superolaterally in the temple region. This exaggerated superior movement is made to counteract the increase in tension induced by pivotal restraint due to the primary motion of the flap. The incision then descends along the preauricular skin. This is a large flap, and despite planning for pivotal restraint, may still induce ectropion due to the weight of the flap. Tacking sutures are a frequently used option to offset the weight of the flap. Tacking sutures can be placed into the periosteum along the lateral border of the orbit. The primary motion of the flap can rotate the beard and sideburns onto the cheek making this closure less preferable in male patients.
A similar design, known as the Tenzel flap, is a myocutaneous rotation flap used for defects of the lower eyelid. This is a smaller flap compared to a Mustarde flap which incorporates some of the orbicularis oculi into the flap. The incision is carried along the lower eyelid and proceeds superiorly past the lateral canthus, in a similar fashion to a Mustarde flap. However, the Tenzel flap does not extend as far as the Mustarde flap. This flap relies on the rotation of the temporal skin and usually requires lysis of the lateral canthal tendon. Since this flap is smaller in size compared to a Mustarde flap, it will not need tacking sutures.
The spiral flap has several proposed uses, including defects on the lower eyelid and ventral fingertip. However, the original indication for a spiral flap was for deep defects along the alar groove measuring up to 1.5 cm in size. This flap is useful for the ala because it has the potential to preserve the alar groove or sulcus. The flap is incised similarly to a classic rotation flap. However, because of the spiral shape, there are additional variables to consider including the curvature of the spiral. Defects involving the alar groove should use a spiral where the width of each level of the spiral is the same. This will produce a prominent inward bend that will recreate the groove. Defects along the alar crease will require a shallower depression and should use an algorithmic spiral where each level of the spiral becomes progressively larger. The first arm of the spiral is responsible for the recreation of the alar crease or groove. To properly align this, the first arm of the spiral must have a width equal to the distance from the inferior aspect of the defect to the desired location of the alar groove. This arm will be sutured to rest of the flap, thus initiating the spiral. The reservoir for this flap can be taken from the nasal sidewall or an incision directed along the alar groove. The flap will move anteriorly and superiorly or inferiorly depending on the location of the tissue reservoir. The take-off point of the incision is along the inferior aspect of the defect with the arc extending anteriorly. As mentioned above, the first arm of the spiral is sutured to the flap to initiate the spiral and recreate the alar crease or groove. The second stitch anchors the flap to the point of maximal tension along the inferior aspect of the defect.
The cervicofacial flap is used for very large defects of the cheek. The flap is created similarly to a Mustarde flap with the incision carried further onto the neck. The incision runs from the superior aspect of the defect superolaterally to the preauricular cheek. The incision is then extended crossing under the ear and inferiorly along the lateral neck. The arterial supply is from perforators of the facial and submental arteries. The cervical skin is an excellent source of redundant tissue and allows for proper tissue matching compared to a graft. As in the Mustarde flap, cervicofacial flaps can rotate facial hair from the beard and sideburns onto the cheek. This is also a very large flap which may necessitate the use of tacking sutures.
There are a number of complications that can occur following a rotation flap. Most complications can be avoided with cautious planning and sound technique. Excessive tension or wound contracture can result in distortion of surrounding tissue. Rotation flaps that do not properly disperse tension vectors can distort sensitive structures such as the mouth and eyelid, producing an ectropion or eclabium.
If a flap is not properly sized compared to the defect, the flap can result in a trapdoor deformity or pincushioning. A trapdoor deformity makes the healed flap appear as a depressed area compared to the surrounding tissue. This is due to a lack of supporting tissue under the flap or from excessive thinning of the flap. Pincushioning, on the other hand, presents with a noticeably raised flap compared to the surrounding tissue. Pincushioning is due to excessive tissue. This can be from a flap that is comparatively too thick or with an oversized flap that was not adequately trimmed to fit into the defect.
Flap necrosis results from ischemia of the distal end of the flap as a result of impaired blood flow. Blood flow within a flap can be compromised by; making the pedicle too small to the support the flap, making the flap too thin which disrupts the dermal plexus, or by excessive undermining which disrupts perforating vessels feeding the pedicle. Flap necrosis can present as sloughing of the epidermis or as an eschar. It is difficult to assess how much of the flap is viable when an eschar is present, but it is imperative to avoid debriding the area until the wound has healed. It is possible that only the epidermal portion of the flap necrosed and debriding the flap can disrupt viable tissue. Even in cases where the flap has necrosed, the eschar over the wound will act as a biologic dressing that will allow the wound to heal by secondary intent.
As with any surgery, wound infection is a potential complication. If a surgical site infection is suspected, the wound should be cultured, and the patient should be started on an antibiotic with staphylococcal coverage until a culture and sensitivity are available. If there is a significant amount of purulent drainage, the wound may need to be opened, cleaned, and all foreign material, such as sutures, removed.
Dehiscence can occur as a result of excessive tension or from an infection. If a wound dehisces within 24 hours after surgery another closure can be attempted, however closures after this time may increase the risk of infection. Typically dehisced wounds are allowed to heal by secondary intent with revision considered after the wound has healed.
Bleeding is another potential complication. However, most cases can be controlled with firm continuous pressure. In some instances, it may be necessary to reopen the wound to stop the bleeding. Bleeding can also result in hematoma formation. Stable hematomas can be drained or allowed to reabsorb over time. Hematomas may act as a nidus for infection, so antibiotic prophylaxis should be considered. Active hematomas, those that continue to grow, should be treated by reopening the wound to evacuated the hematoma and stop any bleeding.
With proper planning and execution, rotation flaps provide a versatile technique that can be used in a number of situations to produce excellent functional and cosmetic outcomes.
Illustrations courtesy of Anthony Burbatt. Reprinted with permission.


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text:
Home Western Sahara Autonomy plan Sweden Has No Intention to Recognize Western Sahara, Says Swedish FM
Sweden Has No Intention to Recognize Western Sahara, Says Swedish FM
Stockholm – Swedish Foreign Minister Margot Wallström officially announced on Friday that her country has no intention to recognize the "Western Sahara" as a State.
Stockholm – Swedish Foreign Minister Margot Wallström officially announced on Friday that her country has no intention to recognize the "Western Sahara" as a State.
The Swedish Foreign Minister reaffirmed her country's support to the ongoing UN-led negotiations over the Sahara issue.
"The government does not intend to recognize the Western Sahara and it is position consistent with the assessment of previous governments in this regard," she said according to Maghreb Arab Press (MAP).
Stockholm's alleged plans to recognize the self-proclaimed Saharawi Arab Democratic Republic (SADR) were ruled out, after "the criteria required by the international law to recognize Western Sahara are not fulfilled," said Wallström.
"The recognition would not be incentive for the process [of negotiations]", the Scandinavian country's top diplomat said, pointing out that the "situation in the Western Sahara is different from the situation in other States that Sweden recognized in the past".
The current Swedish government, led by the Social-Democrats and the Greens, "will rather rely on the evaluation made by the previous governments over this issue", Wallström added.
The Swedish decision to dismiss the self-proclaimed SADR was in part due to the fact that "Morocco is an influential country in the Arab world" and the desire to "see a rebound in economic relations and trade" between the two countries.
Shooting Near Nightclub in Sweden Kills Two
Pro-Polisario NGO Tells Sweden to Discourage Business Deals in Western Sahara
Moroccan Politician: Sweden's Decision "Comforts" Morocco, Repairs Broken Ties
Western Sahara: Morocco Hails Sweden's Decision on Self-Proclaimed SADR

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


There is one barometer that measures the effectiveness of your Tinder bio: feedback.
If women regularly mention things written in your bio while you're messaging them, or they use your bio to send you opening messages, then you have a good bio. If your matches never bring up anything you've written, however, then your bio needs work.
If you fall into the latter category, then the best way to improve your bio is through trial and error. Experiment with different bios, and evaluate how each sentence or section generates feedback.
Every part of this bio passed the test of generating feedback. If a sentence doesn't incite reactions from any of my matches, I remove it. If the bio works, you should get messages complimenting either the bio as a whole or certain aspects of it.
I've included my Tinder screenshots featuring messaging generated with the above bio in other articles, such as this one and that one.
Try to strike a balance between revealing facts about yourself while also inserting enough humor to raise her buying temperature. When I include that I majored in journalism and English, for instance, I'm giving a fact that would be interesting to the type of girl I'm trying to attract; however, too much of that kind of biographical information will be boring to any girl.
Remember that your Tinder matches only have a few photos and a short bio with which to decide whether they'll take the leap of meeting you in person. The feedback you receive will always be the best indicator of how well you're coming across.


text:
Q: C# Navigating an OpenVMS Menu using a Telnet Connection I have a (.NET) C# Application (Framework v4.5) which performs a TELNET connection to an OpenVMS machine and is able to successfully login.
In order to login to the machine I'm reading the TELNET client stream output buffer, and searching for the "Username: " and "Password: " strings. Afterwards, the appropriate commands are being sent. I'm ending each input command with the carriage return "\r".
However, I'm not able to retrieve from the TELNET client stream buffer the menu options of the OpenVMS form, which are displayed once the user is logged in. I hoped to use the form to be able to navigate in the OpenVMS machine menu.
Are there any API's I can use to navigate the OpenVMS form with C#?

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


DAYTONA BEACH, Fla. – NASCAR today announced the 2017 stage lengths for each race in all three of its national series. A number of factors went into determining the lap count for Stage 1, Stage 2 and the Final Stage of each race, with a singular goal in mind – the best racing for NASCAR fans.
Last week, NASCAR announced the stage lengths for the Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series season-opening DAYTONA 500 (Feb. 26 at 2 p.m. ET on FOX, MRN and SiriusXM NASCAR Radio). For the Great American Race, the stages are scheduled to end on lap 60, lap 120 and lap 200.
For the full list of stages for the remainder of the Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series season, as well as the NASCAR XFINITY Series and NASCAR Camping World Truck Series seasons, see below.
Please note the Final Stage may be extended as outlined in Section 10.11 Official Completion.


text:
Texas joins states' lawsuit to block T-Mobile-Sprint deal
Posted: Aug 1, 2019 / 03:37 PM MDT / Updated: Aug 1, 2019 / 09:40 PM MDT
FILE – This combination of April 30, 2018, file photos shows signage for a Sprint store in New York's Herald Square, top, and signage at a T-Mobile store in New York U.S. regulators are approving T-Mobile's $26.5 billion takeover of rival Sprint, despite fears of higher prices and job cuts. (AP Photo/Bebeto Matthews, File)
NEW YORK (AP) — Texas has joined more than a dozen states that are suing to stop T-Mobile's $26.5 billion takeover of rival cellphone company Sprint, arguing that the deal is bad for consumers because it would reduce competition.
It's the first Republican attorney general of the group, which now consists of 14 states and the District of Columbia. California, New York and now Texas are leading the states' case.
The Justice Department approved the deal last week alongside five Republican state attorneys general who were not involved in the states' case. The federal government's conditions would make satellite-TV company Dish a new U.S. wireless provider.
Critics worry that the deal would still lead to higher prices and fewer consumer perks because Dish would be a weaker competitor than Sprint currently is. Dish has to build out its network and will start life with only 9 million customers, about one-sixth of Sprint's subscriber base today.
On Thursday, a federal judge said the trial would start in December, per the states' request.
T-Mobile has said it will not finalize the Sprint takeover while litigation is ongoing. T-Mobile was expecting to close the deal by the end of the year. CEO John Legere said last week that he wants to work with the states to address their concerns.
The Justice Department last week said that its deal set up Dish to be a "disruptive force in wireless." Dish has promised that it would build a next-generation "5G" nationwide network by June 2023.
To get it started in wireless, Dish is paying $5 billion for Sprint's prepaid cellphone brands, including Boost and Virgin Mobile, and some spectrum, or airwaves for wireless service. Dish will also be able to rent T-Mobile's network for seven years while it builds its own.
But attorneys general from other states and public-interest advocates say that Dish is hardly a replacement for Sprint as a stand-alone company and that these conditions fail to address the competitive harm the T-Mobile-Sprint deal causes: higher prices, job losses and fewer choices for consumers.
A federal judge still must sign off on the Justice Department settlement. The Federal Communications Commission is expected to also give the takeover its blessing.
CES 2021: Smart masks and pandemic gear
by Nancy Chen, CBS Newspath / Jan 15, 2021
NATIONAL (CBS NEWSPATH) - The Consumer Electronics Show (CES), was held this week and offered the very latest in tech. It was virtual this year because of the pandemic, and many of the products revealed were designed to protect against COVID-19.
Project Hazel is just a prototype right now. But Razer, the company behind Project Hazel, calls it "the world's smartest mask." It's see-through with a voice amplifier, air ventilation, and even lighting.
Study finds new carbon fiber blades could lead to benefits in wind industry
ALBUQUERQUE, N.M. (KRQE) - Researchers from Sandia National Laboratories led a study showing that if developed commercially, a new carbon fiber material could bring cost and performance benefits to the wind industry. According to Sandia, wind blades that contain carbon fiber weigh 25% less than those made from traditional fiberglass materials which means they could be longer, capturing more energy in areas that have low wind.
Switching to carbon fiber could also extend blade lifetime as carbon fiber materials have a high fatigue resistance according to wind energy researcher Brandon Ennis with Sandia National Labs. The Department of Energy's Wind Energy Technologies Office in the Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy is funding the project and partners include Oak Ridge National Laboratory and Montana State University.
Google muscles up with Fitbit deal amid antitrust concerns
by MICHAEL LIEDTKE, Associated Press / Jan 14, 2021
SAN RAMON, Calif. (AP) — Google has completed its $2.1 billion acquisition of fitness-gadget maker Fitbit, a deal that could help the internet company grow even stronger while U.S. government regulators pursue an antitrust case aimed at undermining its power.
Thursday's completion of the acquisition comes 14 months after Google announced a deal that immediately raised alarms.


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text:
\section{Preliminaries and results}
 In order to prove our main theorems, we shall need the following results.
 \vspace*{-0.4cm}
  \begin{lem} \label{l1}

  Let $R$ be a $2$-torsion free semiprime ring and $U$ a nonzero Lie ideal of $R.$
If $[U,U]=0$, then  $U\subseteq Z(R).$

 \end{lem}
 \vspace*{-0.5cm}
{{\bf Proof.\,\,}}
Let $u\in U$; since $[u,rt]\in U$ for all $r,t\in R$, then
  $[u,[u,rt]]=0$. Hence $u[u,rt]=[u,rt]u$. Therefore
  $$ur[u,t]+u[u,r]t=r[u,t]u+[u,r]tu.$$
  As $u[u,r]=[u,r]u$ and $[u,t]u=u[u,t]$, then
  $$ ur[u,t]+[u,r]ut=ru[u,t]+[u,r]tu.$$
  It follows that $2[u,r][u,t]=0$ for all $u\in U$ and $r, t \in R$.
 Since $R$ is 2-torsion-free,  thus
  \begin{equation} \label{equ1}
   [u,r][u,t]=0,\;\;\mbox{for all}\;\;u\in U\;\;\mbox{ and}\;\; r, t \in R.
\end{equation}
Replace $t$ by $sr$ in (1) to get
    $[u,r]R[u,r]=0$ for all $u\in U, r, t\in R$. The fact $R$ is
     semiprime implies that $U\subseteq Z(R)$.
     \hfill \vrule height4pt width4pt depth2pt\\
\\
    In all that follows $U$ will be a square closed Lie ideal of $R$
    and $M$ will denote the ideal of $R$ generated by $[U,U],$ that
    is $M=R[U,U]R.$
\vspace*{-0.4cm} \begin{lem}

Let $R$ be a $2$-torsion free semiprime ring and $d$ a derivation of
$R.$ If $a$ in $R$ satisfies $ad(U)=0$, then $ad(M)=0.$

\end{lem}
{{\bf Proof.\,\,}}
Let $P$ be an arbitrary  prime ideal of $R,$ and note that
$\overline{R}=\displaystyle\frac{R}{P}$ is prime.  If $[U,U]\subseteq P$ or $char(\overline{R})=2,$ then
$2ad(R)M\subseteq P$ and $2Mad(R)\subset P.$ Assume now that $[U,U]\not\subset P$ and
$char(\overline{R})\neq 2.$ The fact that $R$ is 2-torsion-free and $ad(U)=\{0\}$ implies that $aUd(v)=\{0\}$ for all $v\in U$ and thus  $\bar{a}\overline{U}\overline{d(U)}=\bar{0}$. As
$[U,U]\not \subset P$, then $ \overline{U}\not\subset
Z(\bar{R}).$ Since  $[\overline{U}, \overline{U}]\neq \bar{0}$  from [4, Lemma 4]  either
$\overline{d(U)}=\bar{0}$ or $\bar{a}=\bar{0}$, that
is $d(U)\subseteq P$ or $a\in P .$ If $d(U)\subseteq P,$ then
$d[r,u]\in P$ for all $r\in R$ and $u\in U$. Replace $r$ by $rv$,
where $v\in U,$ to get $d(R)[U,U]\subseteq P$. Thus
$d(R)R[U,U]\subseteq P$ which yields $d(R)\subseteq P$ because
$[U,U]\not \subset P.$ In conclusion $ad(R)\subseteq P$.
Consequently, $ad(R)M\subseteq P$ and $Mad(R)\subseteq P.$ We now know that $2ad(R)M\subseteq P$ and $2Mad(R)\subseteq P$ for all prime ideals $P$ of $R,$ hence  $2ad(R)M=2Mad(R)=\{0\}.$ By 2-torsion-freeness we conclude that  $ad(R)M=Mad(R)=\{0\}.$ If we set  $J=ann_R(ann_R(M))$, then obviously $ad(R)J=0$. Since $R$ is semiprime, then $d(J)\subseteq J$ so that $ad(J)\subseteq J\bigcap
ann_R(J).$ Once again using the semiprimeness of $R$, we conclude
that $J\bigcap ann_R(J)=0$ so that $ad(J)=0.$ Since $M\subseteq J$,
this leads us to $ad(M)=0$. \hfill \vrule height4pt width4pt depth2pt
\vspace*{-0.5cm}
\begin{lem} \label{l3}

Let $R$ be a 2-torsion free semiprime ring. If $z\in U$ is such that
$z[U,U]=0$, then $[z,U]=0$.

 \end{lem}
  \vspace*{-0.5cm}
 {{\bf Proof.\,\,}}
 If $[U,U]=0$, then $U\subseteq Z(R)$ by Lemma 1 and therefore $[z,U]=0.$
 Now suppose that $[U,U]\neq 0;$ from $z[U,U]=0$ we get
 $zd_u(v)=0$ for all $u,v\in U.$ Using Lemma 2,
 we find that $\;zd_u(x)=0\;$ for all $\;u\in U,\;x\in M=R[U,U]R.$ But
 $zd_u(x)=0$ assures that $zd_x(u)=0$ for all $u\in U, x\in M$ and once
 again using Lemma 2, we get $\;zd_x(M)=0,$ for all $\;x\in
 M.$ Hence $zd_x(y)=0$ for all $x,y\in M$ and thus   \vspace*{-0.3cm}$$z[x,y]=0\;\;\mbox{for
 all}\;\;x,y\in M.  \vspace*{-0.3cm}$$ Replace $y$ by $yz$ to get $zy[x,z]=0$, so that  $zM[x,z]=0
$. In view of $zxM[x,z]=0$, we then obtain $[x,z]M[x,z]=0.$ Since an ideal of a semiprime ring is semiprime,  $[x,z]=0$ for all $\;x\in
 M.$ As $R[U,U]\subseteq M,$ then $\;[z, r[u,v]]=0$ for all $r\in R,
 u,v\in U$. Using $[u,v]\in M,$ it then follows that
 $\;[z,r][u,v]=0.$ Replace $r$ by $rs$ in the least equality, we find
 that $[z,r]s[u,v]=0$ so that $\;[z,r]R[u,v]=0,$ for
 all $\;u,v\in U, r\in R.$ In particular $\;[z,v]R[z,v]=0$, proving
 $[z,v]=0$ for all $v\in U $ and  thus $[z,U]=0.$ \hfill \vrule height4pt width4pt depth2pt

\vspace*{-0.1cm}
\noindent  Now we are ready for our first theorem.
  \vspace*{-0.4cm}
\begin{thm}

Let $R$ be a 2-torsion free semiprime ring and $U$ a nonzero
 square closed Lie ideal of $R$. Suppose that $f$ is an endomorphism
 of $R$ such that $f(U)=U$. Then  $f$ is strong commutativity preserving
 on $U$ if and only if   $f$ is centralizing on $U$.

 \end{thm}
{{\bf Proof.\,\,}}
From $[x,2xy]=[f(x),f(2xy)]$ for
all $x,y\in U,$ it follows that $(x-f(x))[x,y]=0$ for all $x,y\in
U$. Replacing $y$ by $2uy$ where $u, y\in U$, we get
\begin{equation} \label{equ1}
   (x-f(x))U[x,y]=0\;\;\mbox{for all}\;\;x,u\in U.
\end{equation}
As $2[U,U]R\subseteq U$ (because $2[u,v]r = 2[u,vr]- 2v[u,r]$), then
$(2)$ implies that
\begin{equation} \label{equ1}
  (x-f(x))[U,U]R[x,y]=0\;\;\mbox{for all}\;\;x,y\in U.
\end{equation} Let $P$ be an arbitrary prime ideal of $R$. It follows from (3) that for each $x\in U,$ either $(x-f(x))[U,U]\subseteq P$ or $[x, U]\subseteq P.$ The two sets of elements of $U$ for which these conditions hold are additive subgroups of $U$ whose union is $U$, hence  one must be equal to $U.$ Therefore $(x-f(x))[U,U]\subseteq P$ for all $x\in U$ and all prime ideals $P$-i.e., $(x-f(x))[U,U]=\{0\}$ for all $x\in U.$  Since $f(U)\subseteq U,$ then $u-f(u)\in U$  for all $u\in U$ and
Lemma 3 yields
$$[u-f(u),v]=0\;\;\mbox{for all}\;\;u,v\in U.$$Consequently, $\;\;[f(u),u]=0\;$ for all $\;u\in U\;$ so that $f$ is
commuting on $U.$ Accordingly, $f$ is centralizing on
$U.$\\Conversely, suppose that $[f(x),x]\in Z(R)$ for all $x\in U$.
By linearization $[x, f (y)]+[y, f(x)]\in  Z(R) $ for all $x,y$ in
$U.$ Using $[x, f (x^2)] + [x^2, f (x)]\in Z(R)$ together with
2-torsion-freeness, we find that $(x + f(x))[x, f (x)]\in Z(R),$ for
all $x\in U.$ Hence $[(x + f (x))[x, f (x)], x]=0$ and therefore
$[x, f (x)]^2=0.$ Since $[x, f (x)]$ in $Z(R)$, this yields
$[x, f (x)]R[x, f(x)] = 0$ and the semiprimeness of R forces $$[x, f
(x)] = 0\;\;\mbox{for all}\;\;x\in U.$$ Thus  $f$ is commuting on
$U$ and therefore $[f(x),y]=[x,f(y)]$ for all $x, y\in U.$ As $R$ is 2-torsion-free, then $
[f(x),xy]=[x,f(xy)] $ and thereby
$(f(x)-x)[f(x),y]=0$ for all $x, y\in U$. Replacing $y$ by $2uy$
where $u\in U$, we get $(f(x)-x)u[f(x),y]=0,$ so that
$(f(x)-x)U[x,f(y)]=0.$ Since $f(U)=U,$ then  $\;(f(x)-x)U[x,y]=0$
for all $x,y\in U.$ From $2[U,U]R\subseteq U$, it then follows that
$$(f(x)-x)[U,U]R[x,y]=0\;\;\mbox{for all}\;\;x,y\in U.$$
Reasoning as in the first part of the proof, we find that
$[f(z)-z,u]=0$ for all $z,u\in U,$ and therefore
$\;\;[f(z),u]=[z,u],$ for all $\;z, u\in U.$ Consequently, for $y, z
\in U$, this leads us to  $[f(z),f(y)]=[z,f(y)]=[z,y],$ proving that
$f$ is strong commutativity preserving on $U$.\hfill \vrule height4pt width4pt depth2pt
\\
\\
{\bf Remark.} From the proof of Theorem 1, one can easily see that
the condition $f(U)\subseteq U$ is sufficient to prove that $f$ is
strong commutativity preserving implies that $f$ is commuting on $U$
and therefore centralizing on $U.$\\
\\We easily derive the Proposition 2.1 of \cite{MS}, for $2$-torsion
free semiprime rings, as a corollary to Theorem 1.
 \vspace*{-0.4cm}
\begin{cor}

Let $f$ be an epimorphism of a $2$-torsion free semiprime ring $R.$
Then $f$ is strong commutativity preserving if and only if $f$ is
centralizing.

\end{cor}
 \vspace*{-0.4cm}
 \noindent
In \cite{MY} it is proved that if $R$ is a $2$-torsion free prime
ring and $T$ an automorphism of $R$ which is centralizing on a Lie
ideal $U$ of $R$ and nontrivial on $U,$ then $U$ is contained in the
center of $R.$ Accordingly, in the special case when $U=R$, Theorem
2 gives a commutativity criterion as follows.
 \vspace*{-0.4cm}
\begin{cor}

Let $f$ be a nontrivial automorphism of a 2-torsion free prime ring
$R.$ If $f$ is strong commutativity preserving, then $R$ is
commutative.

\end{cor}
  \vspace*{-0.3cm}
\noindent
To end this paper, the following theorem gives a condition
under which an antihomomorphism becomes strong commutativity
preserving. \vspace*{-0.4cm}

 \begin{thm}

 Let $R$ be a 2-torsion free semiprime ring and $U$ a
 square closed Lie ideal of $R$. If $f$ is an antihomomorphism
 of $R$ such that $f(U)= U$, then $f$ is centralizing on $U$ if and only if $f$
 is strong commutativity preserving  on $U.$

 \end{thm}
  \vspace*{-0.5cm}
{{\bf Proof.\,\,}} Suppose $[U,U]\neq 0$ and then $M=R[U,U]R$ is a nonzero ideal of
$R.$ If $f$ is centralizing on $U$, then reasoning as in the proof
of Theorem 1 we find that $f$ is commuting on $U,$ so that
$[f(x),y]=[x,f(y)]$ for all $x, y\in U.$ Since $R$ is 2-torsion-free,  using
$[f(x), 2xy]=[x, f(2xy)]$ together with $f(U)=U$ we get
\begin{equation}
x[x,y]=[x,y]f(x)\;\;\mbox{for all}\;\;x,y\in U.
\end{equation}
Replace $y$ by $2uy$ in $(4),$ where $u\in U$, and once again using
2-torsion-freeness,  we get $\;[x,u][x,y+f(y)]=0.$ Write $2uv$ instead of
$u$ in this equality, with $v\in U,$ to find that
$\;[x,u]v[x,y+f(y)]=0.$  Hence
\begin{equation}
[x,u]U[x,y+f(y)]=0\;\;\mbox{for all}\;\;x,u, y\in U.
\end{equation}
Since $f(U)\subseteq U,$ replacing $u$ by $y+f(y)$ in $(5),  $ we
conclude that
\begin{equation}
[x,y+f(y)]U[x,y+f(y)]=0\;\;\mbox{for all}\;\;x,y\in U.
\end{equation}
If we set $T(U)=\{x\in R/ [x,R]\subseteq U\},$ then $[T(U),
R]\subseteq U\subseteq T(U)$ and from [\cite{Topic}, Lemma 1.4, p. 5] it follows that
$T(U)$ is a subring of $R.$ Moreover, $R[T(U), T(U)]R\subseteq
T(U).$ Indeed, let $x,y\in T(U)$ and $r\in R.$ From
$[x,yr]=[x,y]r+y[x,r]\in T(U)$ and $y[x,r]\in T(U)$ it follows
that $[x,y]r\in T(U).$ Since $[T(U), R]\subseteq T(U)$, then
$$[[x,y]r,s]=[x,y]rs-s[x,y]r \in T(U)\;\;\mbox{for all}\;\;r,s\in
R;$$ and therefore $\;s[x,y]r\in T(U)$ so that $R[T(U),
T(U)]R\subseteq T(U).$ In particular
$R[U,U]R\subseteq T(U)$, which proves that $\;[M,R]\subseteq U,$ where $M=R[U,U]R.$\\
In view of $(6)$, if we set $[x,y+f(y)]=a$ then $aUa=0.$ Let $u\in
U,\; m\in M$ and $r\in R$; from $[mau,r]\in [M,R]\subseteq U$ it
follows that $$
  0 = a[mau,r]a=a[ma,r]ua+ama[u,r]a=a[ma,r]ua=
   amarua,$$
so that $amaRua=0.$ Using $2am\in 2[U,U]R\subseteq U,$ we gLemma 1.4,et
$amaRama=0,$ hence  $\;aMa=0.$ Since $a\in M,$ we obviously get
$a=0,$ which implies that $[f(x),y]=[y,x],$ for all $\;x,y\in U.$
Accordingly,
$$[f(x),f(y)]=[f(y),x]=[x,y]\;\;\mbox{for all}\;\;x,y\in U,$$
proving that $f$ is strong commutativity
 preserving  on $U.$\\Conversely, if $f$ is strong commutativity preserving on
 $U,$ then \begin{equation}[f(x), f(y)]=[x,y],\;\;
 \mbox{for all}\;\;x,y\in U.\end{equation}
 Replace $y$ by $2xy$ in (7) we obtain
 \begin{equation}x[x, y]=[x, y]f(x).\end{equation}
Write $2uy$ instead of $y$ in (8), where $u\in U$, to find that
 $$xu[x,y] + x[x,u]y =u[x,y]f(x) + [x,u]yf(x).
$$
Since $x[x,u]y =[x,u]f(x)y$ and $[x,y]f(x)=x[x,y]$, by (8), then
$$xu[x,y] + [x,u]f(x)y =ux[x,y] + [x,u]yf(x)$$ and therefore
\begin{equation} [x,u][x+f(x), y]=0\;\;
 \mbox{for all}\;\;x,y,u \in U.\end{equation}
Replacing $y$ by $x$ in (9), we obtain
\begin{equation}[x,u][x,
f(x)]=0\;\;
 \mbox{for all}\;\;x,u \in U.
\end{equation} As $f(U)\subseteq U,$ write $2f(x)u$ instead of $u$ in
(10) to get $\;[x,f(x)]u[x,f(x)]=0\;$ and thus
$$
[x,f(x)]U[x, f(x)]=0.
$$
If we set $a=[x, f(x)],$ then $aUa=0$ and $a\in M=R[U,U]R.$
Reasoning as in the first part of our proof, we conclude that $a=0$
so that $[x, f(x)]=0$. Accordingly,  $f$ is commuting on $U$ and
therefore $f$ is centralizing on $U.$ \hfill \vrule height4pt width4pt depth2pt
\\
\\
{\bf Remark}. In the particular case when $U=R,$ the implication
that $f$ is strong commuativity preserving implying that $f$ is
centralizing is still valid without conditions on characteristic of
$R.$\\
\\
In [\cite{MS}, Proposition 2.4] M. S. Samman proved that if $R$ is a
$2$-torsion free semiprime ring, then a centralizing
antihomomorphism of $R$ onto itself must be
 strong commutativity preserving. Applying Theorem 2, we obtain a
 more general result as follows
 \vspace*{-0.2cm}
 \begin{cor}

Let $R$ be a 2-torsion free semiprime ring. If $f$ is an
antihomomorphism of $R$ onto itself, then $f$ is centralizing if and
only if $f$ is strong commutativity preserving.

 \end{cor}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


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text:
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">

<TITLE>
Listener11 (JScheme API)
</TITLE>

<META NAME="date" CONTENT="2013-07-25">

<LINK REL ="stylesheet" TYPE="text/css" HREF="../stylesheet.css" TITLE="Style">

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jsint

Class Listener11

java.lang.Object
  jsint.JavaListener
      jsint.Listener11

All Implemented Interfaces:
java.awt.event.ActionListener, java.awt.event.AdjustmentListener, java.awt.event.ComponentListener, java.awt.event.ContainerListener, java.awt.event.FocusListener, java.awt.event.ItemListener, java.awt.event.KeyListener, java.awt.event.MouseListener, java.awt.event.MouseMotionListener, java.awt.event.TextListener, java.awt.event.WindowListener, java.util.EventListener

Direct Known Subclasses:
Listener11swing

public class Listener11
extends JavaListener
implements java.awt.event.WindowListener, java.awt.event.TextListener, java.awt.event.MouseMotionListener, java.awt.event.MouseListener, java.awt.event.KeyListener, java.awt.event.ItemListener, java.awt.event.FocusListener, java.awt.event.ContainerListener, java.awt.event.ComponentListener, java.awt.event.AdjustmentListener, java.util.EventListener, java.awt.event.ActionListener

This class allows a Procedure to act as a listener to many events.

            For example, to add an action listener to a button, b:

            (import "java.awt.*")
            (import "javax.swing.*")
            (let ((f (JFrame. "Example"))
                  (b (JButton. "Press Me")))
              (.addActionListener
               b
               (Listener11. (lambda (e) (.println (System.out$) "Yow!"))))
              (.add (.getContentPane f) b (BorderLayout.CENTER$))
              (.pack f)
              (.show f))

            NOTE: Listener11.java IS GENERATED FROM listener.scm. EDIT AT YOUR OWN
            RISK.

Field Summary

Fields inherited from class jsint.JavaListener

handler

Constructor Summary

Listener11(Procedure handler)

Method Summary

 void
actionPerformed(java.awt.event.ActionEvent e)

 void
adjustmentValueChanged(java.awt.event.AdjustmentEvent e)

 void
componentAdded(java.awt.event.ContainerEvent e)

 void
componentHidden(java.awt.event.ComponentEvent e)

 void
componentMoved(java.awt.event.ComponentEvent e)

 void
componentRemoved(java.awt.event.ContainerEvent e)

 void
componentResized(java.awt.event.ComponentEvent e)

 void
componentShown(java.awt.event.ComponentEvent e)

 void
focusGained(java.awt.event.FocusEvent e)

 void
focusLost(java.awt.event.FocusEvent e)

 void
itemStateChanged(java.awt.event.ItemEvent e)

 void
keyPressed(java.awt.event.KeyEvent e)

 void
keyReleased(java.awt.event.KeyEvent e)

 void
keyTyped(java.awt.event.KeyEvent e)

 void
mouseClicked(java.awt.event.MouseEvent e)

 void
mouseDragged(java.awt.event.MouseEvent e)

 void
mouseEntered(java.awt.event.MouseEvent e)

 void
mouseExited(java.awt.event.MouseEvent e)

 void
mouseMoved(java.awt.event.MouseEvent e)

 void
mousePressed(java.awt.event.MouseEvent e)

 void
mouseReleased(java.awt.event.MouseEvent e)

 void
textValueChanged(java.awt.event.TextEvent e)

 void
windowActivated(java.awt.event.WindowEvent e)

 void
windowClosed(java.awt.event.WindowEvent e)

 void
windowClosing(java.awt.event.WindowEvent e)

 void
windowDeactivated(java.awt.event.WindowEvent e)

 void
windowDeiconified(java.awt.event.WindowEvent e)

 void
windowIconified(java.awt.event.WindowEvent e)

 void
windowOpened(java.awt.event.WindowEvent e)

Methods inherited from class java.lang.Object

clone, equals, finalize, getClass, hashCode, notify, notifyAll, toString, wait, wait, wait

Constructor Detail

Listener11

public Listener11(Procedure handler)

Method Detail

windowOpened

public void windowOpened(java.awt.event.WindowEvent e)

Specified by:
windowOpened in interface java.awt.event.WindowListener

windowClosing

public void windowClosing(java.awt.event.WindowEvent e)

Specified by:
windowClosing in interface java.awt.event.WindowListener

windowClosed

public void windowClosed(java.awt.event.WindowEvent e)

Specified by:
windowClosed in interface java.awt.event.WindowListener

windowIconified

public void windowIconified(java.awt.event.WindowEvent e)

Specified by:
windowIconified in interface java.awt.event.WindowListener

windowDeiconified

public void windowDeiconified(java.awt.event.WindowEvent e)

Specified by:
windowDeiconified in interface java.awt.event.WindowListener

windowActivated

public void windowActivated(java.awt.event.WindowEvent e)

Specified by:
windowActivated in interface java.awt.event.WindowListener

windowDeactivated

public void windowDeactivated(java.awt.event.WindowEvent e)

Specified by:
windowDeactivated in interface java.awt.event.WindowListener

textValueChanged

public void textValueChanged(java.awt.event.TextEvent e)

Specified by:
textValueChanged in interface java.awt.event.TextListener

mouseMoved

public void mouseMoved(java.awt.event.MouseEvent e)

Specified by:
mouseMoved in interface java.awt.event.MouseMotionListener

mouseDragged

public void mouseDragged(java.awt.event.MouseEvent e)

Specified by:
mouseDragged in interface java.awt.event.MouseMotionListener

mousePressed

public void mousePressed(java.awt.event.MouseEvent e)

Specified by:
mousePressed in interface java.awt.event.MouseListener

mouseReleased

public void mouseReleased(java.awt.event.MouseEvent e)

Specified by:
mouseReleased in interface java.awt.event.MouseListener

mouseClicked

public void mouseClicked(java.awt.event.MouseEvent e)

Specified by:
mouseClicked in interface java.awt.event.MouseListener

mouseExited

public void mouseExited(java.awt.event.MouseEvent e)

Specified by:
mouseExited in interface java.awt.event.MouseListener

mouseEntered

public void mouseEntered(java.awt.event.MouseEvent e)

Specified by:
mouseEntered in interface java.awt.event.MouseListener

keyTyped

public void keyTyped(java.awt.event.KeyEvent e)

Specified by:
keyTyped in interface java.awt.event.KeyListener

keyPressed

public void keyPressed(java.awt.event.KeyEvent e)

Specified by:
keyPressed in interface java.awt.event.KeyListener

keyReleased

public void keyReleased(java.awt.event.KeyEvent e)

Specified by:
keyReleased in interface java.awt.event.KeyListener

itemStateChanged

public void itemStateChanged(java.awt.event.ItemEvent e)

Specified by:
itemStateChanged in interface java.awt.event.ItemListener

focusGained

public void focusGained(java.awt.event.FocusEvent e)

Specified by:
focusGained in interface java.awt.event.FocusListener

focusLost

public void focusLost(java.awt.event.FocusEvent e)

Specified by:
focusLost in interface java.awt.event.FocusListener

componentAdded

public void componentAdded(java.awt.event.ContainerEvent e)

Specified by:
componentAdded in interface java.awt.event.ContainerListener

componentRemoved

public void componentRemoved(java.awt.event.ContainerEvent e)

Specified by:
componentRemoved in interface java.awt.event.ContainerListener

componentResized

public void componentResized(java.awt.event.ComponentEvent e)

Specified by:
componentResized in interface java.awt.event.ComponentListener

componentMoved

public void componentMoved(java.awt.event.ComponentEvent e)

Specified by:
componentMoved in interface java.awt.event.ComponentListener

componentShown

public void componentShown(java.awt.event.ComponentEvent e)

Specified by:
componentShown in interface java.awt.event.ComponentListener

componentHidden

public void componentHidden(java.awt.event.ComponentEvent e)

Specified by:
componentHidden in interface java.awt.event.ComponentListener

adjustmentValueChanged

public void adjustmentValueChanged(java.awt.event.AdjustmentEvent e)

Specified by:
adjustmentValueChanged in interface java.awt.event.AdjustmentListener

actionPerformed

public void actionPerformed(java.awt.event.ActionEvent e)

Specified by:
actionPerformed in interface java.awt.event.ActionListener

      Overview
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Acropora cardenae är en korallart som beskrevs av Wells 1986. Acropora cardenae ingår i släktet Acropora och familjen Acroporidae. IUCN kategoriserar arten globalt som otillräckligt studerad. Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.

Källor

Stenkoraller
cardenae

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
The Playboy Mansion is for Sale for $280 Million…And It Comes With Hugh Hefner
By Notable Life | January 11, 2016
In this article: Business, Celebrities, People, Real Estate for sale hugh hefner Los Angeles playboy mansion
The home of every 13-year-old boy's dreams is for sale.
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The $280 million West Los Angeles estate hit the market today and comes with 22,000 square feet of space, 29 rooms, a game house, pool, and the famed grotto, which has a more storied sexual history than all spring break hotels in Cancun combined.
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text:
Transfer dealings prove Arsenal still have attractive aura – Kroenke
Arsenal director Josh Kroenke said the club's activity in the summer transfer market shows they still have an "aura".
The Gunners, despite public protests at the Kroenkes' ownership, spent north of £100million in bringing Gabriel Martinelli, Dani Ceballos, William Saliba, Nicolas Pepe, Kieran Tierney and David Luiz to the Emirates Stadium.
Kroenke admitted the club's transfer policy required a dramatic rethink after last season's second-half capitulation to Chelsea in the Europa League final condemned them to another year out of the Champions League.
But Kroenke – the son of owner Stan – says the Gunners will have turned heads since.
"This summer, even though we weren't in a position of strength coming out of Baku, I think there were a few people caught off guard that Arsenal Football Club still has the aura that it does," he told BBC Sport. "We're excited to keep pushing that now and into the future.
"I think we had a very strong summer. We addressed certain areas on the pitch for this season and in the years ahead. We had certain age profiles that we were after.
"Without Champions League football we weren't exactly sure, but I encouraged our football operations department to be aggressive and when Arsenal Football Club knocks on a player's door it's a different knock.
"We knew we wouldn't have Champions League football and that's what those type of talents are after.
"My main message to Vinai (Venkatesham, managing director) and Raul (Sanllehi, head of football) coming back from Baku on the plane and then throughout meetings all day the following day with them and Unai (Emery, head coach), was: 'Let's be aggressive and find out what's possible'."
The Kroenkes received strong criticism from supporters over the summer, but Josh said their transfer activity was not a response to shut fans up.
"I would say that if you're reacting and doing club record signings based on public opinion, you're not going to go very far as a club," he added. "We weren't reactive this summer, we were actually proactive.
"It was unfortunate that the summer unfolded publicly the way it did with some of the supporters' groups. I tried to answer some of their concerns to the best of our ability."
Tags: Arsenal, Chelsea, Club News, composite, Football, FPstaff, Josh Kroenke, News, PA, Premier League, Soccer, Sport, story, UK
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text:
Q: check if something is in array gives an error back i have an array and i generate a random number that might exist in the array and i am trying to see if the random number is in the array. If it exists in the array it will give a user a certain item, if its not in the array i want it to do nothing. I wrote it all out on a demo page to test it out and i keep getting an error back when the random # isn't in the array. Am I checking if the # is in the array correctly? I cannot for the life of me figure it out.
If you need more info please let me know.
Error:
Notice: Undefined offset: 10 in C:\xampp1\htdocs\hvp\battlemasters\play\text.php on line 17

Code:
$items_list = array();
$enemy_items = "1|7|8|10|11";

// Split Items
$enemy_item = explode("|",$enemy_items);
foreach($enemy_item as $item){
    array_push($items_list,$item);
}

// Get Total # Of Items In Array
$count = count($items_list);

// Start Random # Drawing
$start = 1;
$end = $count*2;
$random = rand($start,$end);

// Check If $random Exists In Array
if (in_array($items_list[$random],$items_list) == TRUE) {
    // Item Exists So Lets Give The Item To The User

}

EDIT
now for the $enemy_items = $r1['items'] i just added in the database 1 item for the enemy to test it out and the item # is 7
$q1 = 'SELECT * FROM `enemies` WHERE `id`="'.$enemy_id.'"';
$rq1 = mysql_query($q1);
$r1 = mysql_fetch_array($rq1);
$enemy_items = $r1['items'];

$items_list = array();

// Split Items
$items_list = explode("|",$enemy_items);

// Get Total # Of Items In Array
$count = count($items_list);

// Start Random # Drawing
$start = 1;
$end = $count*2;
$random = rand($start,$end);

// Check If $random Exists In Array
if (in_array($random,$items_list)) {
    // Check if character already has the item in inventory
    $query = 'SELECT * FROM `characters` WHERE `user_id`="'.$_SESSION['user'].'" AND `iid`="'.$random.'" AND `cat`="items"';
    $r_query = mysql_query($query);
    $result = mysql_fetch_array($r_query);
    $exists = mysql_num_rows($r_query);
    if($exists == 1) {
        $quantity = $result['quantity'];
        // Update Characters Inventory
        $query = "UPDATE `characters_inventory` SET `quantity`='".$quantity++."' WHERE `user_id`='".$_SESSION['user']."' AND `iid`='".$random."' AND `cat`='items'";
        mysql_query($query);
    }else{
        // Insert New Item
        $query = "INSERT INTO `characters_inventory` (`user_id`,`iid`,`cat`,`quantity`) VALUES ('".$_SESSION['user']."','".$random."','items','1')";
        mysql_query($query);
    }

}

MySQL Stuff:
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `enemies` (
`id` int(255) NOT NULL,
`name` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
`type` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
`icon` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
`items` varchar(255) NOT NULL
) ENGINE=MyISAM  DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1 AUTO_INCREMENT=94 ;

INSERT INTO `enemies` (`id`, `name`, `type`, `icon`, `items`) VALUES (1, 'Dragon', 'Dragon', 'images/enemies/Dragon_1_1.png', '7');

A: Modify last condition:
// Check If $random Exists In Array
if (isset($items_list[$random])) {
    // Item Exists So Lets Give The Item To The User

}

A: It's simply:
if (in_array($random, $items_list))

A: $items_list = array();
$enemy_items = "1|7|8|10|11";

// Split Items
$items_list = explode("|",$enemy_items);

// Get Total # Of Items In Array
$count = count($items_list);

// Start Random # Drawing
$start = 1;
$end = $count*2;
$random = rand($start,$end);

// Check If $random Exists In Array
if (in_array($random,$items_list)) {
    // Item Exists So Lets Give The Item To The User
  echo "it exists.";
}

If you want to check if $random exists in the $items_list array, just check if $random exists, don't check if the index of random exists.
Also, the foreach is not needed here, explode already returns an array, therefore your string "1|7|8|10|11" will automatically be converted into an array.
EDIT:
To clearify:
by checking if $items_list[$random] exists, you're actually asking to the array:
"Does the key $random exist in the array?", which MAY eventually be true, since the array is [1,7,8,10,11], but actually truly is just this:
array(
0 => 1,
1 => 7,
2 => 8,
3 => 10,
4 => 11
);

THEREFORE, if $random is for some reasons 3, the if will evaluate to TRUE despite there truly is no value in the array which is 3, but there is a key which is 3.
be careful.
Edit 2:
Fixing the == TRUE which is not needed.
Edit 3:
GOING DEEPER ::
Since you look confused, I will give you a brief example of what happens.
Scenario 1:
in_array($items_list[$random], $items_list)

Supposing that the array is the one above:
array(
0 => 1,
1 => 7,
2 => 8,
3 => 10,
4 => 11
);

There are two cases:
A: $random is either 0 [impossible],1,2,3,4.
B: $random is any other number.
Case A:
if $random is 2, the if will go on like this:
First, it will check if the KEY 2 is set, therefore, your if can be interpreted as this:
if (in_array($items_list[2], $items_list))

However, since the key 2 exists, it really correspond to this:
in_array(8, $items_list)

Because the KEY 2 of the $items_list array exists and has a value of 8 (check the above array).
At this point, the if is like: "Well, is there any VALUE which is 8 into the $items_list array?" The answer is TRUE, therefore the if will evaluate DESPITE THERE ISN'T REALLY ANY VALUE WHICH IS 2 INTO THE ARRAY.
Case B:
Let's suppose that $random is 10 (which is currently the maximum value anyway).
PHP will try to find what is the value of the corresponding key like before, however, the array can be also seen in this way:
array(
0 => 1,
1 => 7,
2 => 8,
3 => 10,
4 => 11,
5 => null,
[...]
10 => null
);

So, since the key 10 ha NO VALUE, php will throw you a NOTICE, by telling you "hey sir, the key 10 has no value, because it is not set.", also known as: undefined offset: 10
Scenario 2:
in_array($random, $items_list)

In this case $random can have any value in this universe that the in_array will always return either true or false, because it will just check if the VALUE exists in the array.
(you can find a further explanation of this point at the very beginning of the post).
Hope this helped.


text:
The Queen opens a new Elephant Care Centre at Whipsnade Zoo
The Queen, accompanied by The Duke of Edinburgh, visited Bedfordshire on 11 April 2017 to open the brand new Centre for Elephant Care at ZSL Whipsnade Zoo. The trip also included the opening of Priory View – Bedfordshire's new independent living scheme for older residents.
The Queen began the day meeting zookeepers and architects of the award-winning centre for elephants. The new facility, which stretches out to 20 acres of rolling paddocks, becomes home to the zoo's herd of Asian elephants.
Asian elephants are classified as endangered on the IUCN's red list of Threatened Species, with their wild populations in danger due to habitat loss, human conflict and poaching.
Charity ZSL runs more than 50 conservation programmes worldwide. Currently in Thailand – a major stronghold for Asian elephants – the team are focusing on reducing human-wildlife conflict and ensuring the peaceful coexistence of elephants and humans.
In the afternoon, The Queen and The Duke visited Priory View – the first housing scheme of its kind in central Bedfordshire. The complex has 83 self-contained apartments designed especially for older residents. The scheme allows people to live in the privacy of their own home while benefiting from the support of a lively community.
The site has a shop, spa, café and gym and a range of social clubs and activities to enjoy.
New appointment to the Order of the Garter
Announcement of a State Visit from the President of the Republic of Korea
United Arab Emirates State Visit Programme
Statement regarding the death of Baroness Thatcher
The funeral of Baroness Thatcher
I hope the carefully chosen words of the Charter will reinvigorate efforts, already begun, to make the Commonwealth fit and agile for the years ahead.
A speech by The Queen at the Commonwealth Reception, 2013
let us bear in mind the great opportunity that is offered by the Commonwealth – of joining with others, stronger together, for the common good.
Commonwealth Day Message, 11 March 2013
Statement regarding the State Opening of Parliament in May 2013
Announcement of a State Visit from The President of the United Arab Emirates
Message from The Queen to Colonel Hadfield
An update on Her Majesty The Queen's health, 12 March 2013
An update on Her Majesty The Queen's health, 4 March 2013
Appointment of new Lord High Almoner
The Queen and The Duke of Edinburgh will visit Rome
Message from The Queen to the Solomon Islands
The Queen awards Regius professorships
Announcement of events to mark the 60th anniversary of the Coronation
Message from The Queen to Tasmania
The Queen's Medal for Music 2013
Our relationship runs deep, and the United Kingdom is proud to have played its part in Kuwait's recent history.
A speech by The Queen at the Kuwaiti State Banquet, 2012
Christmas Broadcast to the UK and the Commonwealth
The Queen's Gold Medal for Poetry 2012
The Queen's message to President Obama
Queen's Medal for Music 2012 winner announced
Kuwait State Visit Programme
Your visit is an opportunity for us to develop all aspects of our relationship, from trade and investment to areas such as climate change and education.
A speech by The Queen at the Indonesian State Banquet, 2012
Message from The Queen on the 25th anniversary of the bombing at Enniskillen
Indonesian State Visit Programme
Incoming State Visit by The Amir of the State of Kuwait
60 Facts about The Diamond Jubilee celebrations in the UK
The 2012 Diamond Jubilee Honours List
Incoming State Visit by The President of Indonesia announced
The Queen's Paralympics message
I hope that you will enjoy your time in the United Kingdom, and I am sure that you will find a warm reception awaiting you, your athletes and the visiting spectators.
A speech by The Queen at the Olympic Heads of Government Reception, 2012
The success of the modern Olympiads owes much to the significant role that you, the Members of the IOC, play in promoting the Olympic spirit across the world.
A speech by The Queen at the International Olympic Committee Reception, 2012
I would like to congratulate all those who have played a part: the planners, the financers, the engineers and contractors.
A speech by The Queen at the opening of Tyne Tunnel Two
The Queen's Olympic Message
Scotland has played such a very special part in our lives, and that of my family, over the years and we have greatly enjoyed our frequent visits.
A speech by The Queen in Perth, Scotland, 2012
The Queen's message to Bradley Wiggins
Message of condolence following recent tragic events in the USA
Statement on Royal Public Finances
Royal Swan Upping 2012
We are very proud of the selfless service, and sacrifices made by servicemen and women and their families in recent years.
A speech by The Queen at the Armed Forces Muster, 2012
Honorary Five Star Rank appointment
Announcement of engagements for Holyrood Week 2012
I look forward to seeing much of the hospitality and the dynamism for which this part of England is rightly renowned.
A speech by The Queen in Burnley, Lancashire, 2012
Letters and messages to The Queen to mark her Diamond Jubilee


text:
Australia stand no chance in this year's Ashes
England and Australia could not have chosen a worse year to play back to back Ashes series.
We are talking about 10 test matches between the world number 2, who were recently the world number 1, and a team that is struggling in every format of the game after losing key players.
It is going to be one tough ride for Australia.
Can you imagine bowling to and trying to get the wicket of Alistair Cook, Jonathan Trott, and Kevin Pietersen day after day over the course of 10 test matches?
Or for that matter what will the batsmen be thinking when the thought of James Andersen, Steven Finn, and Graeme Swann crosses their minds?
I can just see Australia being tormented and destroyed in England and later in Australia.
There is no Ponting, there is no Hussey. Michael Clarke is injured, and David Warner's future looks quite bleak.
Australia's batting is pretty much non existent.
They have some pacers of quality but no where the quality required to overcome England's powerful top 6.
It is going to be one tough 6 months for Australia. Many a career might be destroyed.
For England, however, it could be a glorious 6 months, as a team, as well as for certain individual players.
For example, Alistair Cook could easily over take Colin Cowdrey, Mike Atherton, Geoff Boycott, David Gower, Alec Stewart, and Graham Gooch and become England's leading run scorer in test cricket by the end of these 10 Ashes tests.
He may not go past Gooch unless he has a really terrific series, but he will surely go past Alec Stewart.
Actually, Cook might not be the only one to manage this. Kevin Pietersen is not far behind Cook either - only 25 test runs separate the two. So by the end of the series, we could see two new leading run scorers for England in test cricket.
James Andersen, with 307 test wickets, is the 3rd highest wicket taker for England in test cricket. He will not surpass Ian Botham's 383 in these 10 test matches, but he will surely come close to that number.
I really don't think Australia stand a chance in these two Ashes series this year.
Would have been so much better if Australia were a far stronger side.
Labels: Alistair Cook, Ashes, Ashes 2013, James Anderson, kevin pietersen, Q


Passive income is a form of income when you put in one-time effort, and you received income on a regular basis with little effort required to maintain it.
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Tolkien and Philosophy: "Tolkien as a Catholic thinker"
Wu Ming (extended name: Wu Ming Foundation) is a pseudonym for a group of Italian authors formed in 2000 from a subset of the Luther Blissett community in Bologna.
Wu Ming is currently considered a "single author." If one or more works are by a distinct, homonymous authors, go ahead and split the author.
Wu Ming is composed of 9 names. You can examine and separate out names.


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