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#Coal's big breakdown — @HighCountry News #ActOnClimate #KeepItInTheGround
Image credit: Dan Winters
From The High Country News [February 1, 2021] (Jonathan Thompson):
A half-century ago, the 'Big Buildup' transformed the West; now, it's all coming to an end.
For nearly five decades, the Navajo Generating Station's smokestacks towered over the sandstone and scrub of the Navajo Nation in northern Arizona, churning out greenhouse gases and other pollutants and serving as symbols of coal's unquestioned dominance of the nation's energy mix. But the plant shut down in December 2019, and the towers were demolished a year later. Now they symbolize something else entirely: The Big Breakdown of coal power and the ongoing transformation of the West's economic and energy landscape.
In the late 1950s, several utilities across the Southwest teamed up to create a cabal called WEST, or Western Energy Supply and Transmission Associates, to construct six massive coal-fired power plants and their accompanying mines across the Colorado Plateau. The plants would then ship power hundreds of miles across high-voltage lines to the region's burgeoning cities. It was the first and most ambitious phase of what scholar and author Charles Wilkinson would later dub "The Big Buildup."
navajogeneratingstationnearpageazsunrisevicathyccviaflickr
Four of the six proposed plants — Four Corners, Mojave, San Juan and Navajo — sprouted on or near the Navajo Nation in the 1960s and early '70s. Huntington was built in central Utah, but the sixth plant never made it past the drawing board.
The Buildup's real beneficiaries lay west and south of the Colorado Plateau, in the cities, where an abundance of cheap power lit the neon of Las Vegas and ran air conditioners in LA. The Navajo Generating Station powered the pumps that pushed Colorado River water into central Arizona, sending Phoenix's suburbs sprawling into the desert and enriching the Southwest's growth machine — all those real estate developers, mass-production homebuilders, the automotive industry, the corporate shareholders, the ratepayers and the executives.
For a half-century, the coal plants churned, pumping electricity onto the grid, cash into state and tribal coffers, and pollution into the water, land and air, unruffled by recessions or environmental protests and lawsuits, impervious to the booms and busts that plagued oil, gas and hardrock mining. Just as the coal leviathan maintained a steady stream of "baseload" power to the grid, so too did it provide an economic foundation for coal-dependent communities, together with a baseload level of smog.
Now that foundation is crumbling.
Coal as a power-generating fuel reached its apex in 2007. Soon thereafter, the price of natural gas came crashing down and that, along with renewable-energy tax credits and the decreasing price of solar and wind energy, wiped away coal's cost advantage. States mandated that at least some of the electricity they consumed had to come from clean sources, California ordered the state's utilities to break their coal habit for good, and the Obama administration implemented a variety of regulations that increased the cost of operating coal plants.
Total annual royalties, bonus payments and water-use fees paid to the Hopi Tribe and the Navajo Nation by the owners of both the Navajo Generating Station and the Kayenta Coal Mine, which were lost when the plant and mine shut down.
Compensation paid to Peabody CEO Glen Kellow in 2017 as the company exited bankruptcy. Peabody owns the now-closed Kayenta Coal Mine.
Number of coal-mining fatalities in the U.S. in 1913.12
Fatalities in 2019.
Metric tons of carbon dioxide-equivalent greenhouse gases emitted by the Navajo Generating Station (CO2) and the Kayenta Mine (methane) annually while they were in operation.
472; 4,370; 259
Pounds of mercury, arsenic and selenium, respectively, emitted by the Navajo Generating Station annually when it was still operating.
Tons of coal combustion waste produced by the plant each year.
9 billion gallons
Amount of water drawn from Lake Powell each year for steam generation and cooling at the plant. This was all consumptive use, meaning none of this water was returned to the source.
Megawatt-hours of electricity the Central Arizona Project uses to lift, transport and deliver 1.6 million acre-feet of Colorado River water to Phoenix and Tucson annually — enough to power about 240,000 Arizona homes for one year. Most of that power previously came from the Navajo Generating Station.
Approximate number of households on the Navajo Nation that lack electricity.
Today, the products of the Big Buildup are coming down as surely as the Navajo Generating Station's smokestacks. Mojave shut down in 2005; Reid-Gardner in southern Nevada went dark in 2019, as did the Navajo Generating Station and the Kayenta Mine that fed it. San Juan Generating Station in northwestern New Mexico will close next year, and the nearby Four Corners Power Plant is unlikely to run beyond 2031. Domestic coal consumption is down 65% since its 2007 peak, and some 45,000 coal miners have lost their jobs during the last decade. The Big Breakdown is reverberating across the West despite President Donald Trump's market-meddling and regulation-eviscerating efforts to save the coal industry.
The transition won't be easy: Coal-dependent economies are suffering mightily, from the Hopi Tribe and the Navajo Nation to towns like Farmington, New Mexico, and Gillette, Wyoming. Yet the Big Breakdown also opens up space for hope and opportunity, for a rethinking and refashioning of energy systems and economies. And already the air over the Southwest is a little bit cleaner than it's been since the 1960s.
Sources: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Mine Safety and Health Administration, Energy Information Administration, Navajo Generating Station-Kayenta Mine Complex Draft Environmental Impact Statement (2016), St. Louis Dispatch.
Jonathan Thompson is a contributing editor at High Country News. He is the author of River of Lost Souls: The Science, Politics and Greed Behind the Gold King Mine Disaster. Email him at jonathan@hcn.org.
Posted on February 3, 2021 by Coyote GulchPosted in Climate Change, Coal, Energy PolicyLeave a comment
The Western United States Is a Hotspot for Snow Droughts — The Revelator #snowpack #drought
Minimal snow was found at the Phillips Station meadow before the start of the first snow survey of 2018, conducted by the Calif. Department of Water Resources. Photo: Kelly M. Grow/ Calif. Department of Water Resources
From The Revelator (Tara Lohan):
A new study compares snowpack across the world and offers a tool to help scientists pinpoint where this critical resource is waning — and what that means for ecosystems and economies.
Most of us know a bad drought when we see one: Lakes and rivers recede from their normal water lines, crops wither in fields, and lawns turn brown. Usually we think of these droughts as being triggered by a lack of rain, but scientists also track drought in other ways.
"The common ways to measure droughts are through precipitation, soil moisture and runoff," says Laurie S. Huning, an environmental engineer at the University of California, Irvine. Her most recent work adds another dimension to that by looking at water stored in snowpack.
Huning is the co-author of a study in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, with U.C. Irvine colleague Amir AghaKouchak, which developed a new framework for characterizing "snow droughts." These can occur when there's an abnormally low snowpack, which may be triggered by low precipitation, warm temperatures or both.
Their research is timely. This winter, southwestern states have received just a quarter to half of the average snow-water equivalent —the amount of water held in the snowpack — the key metric for determining a snow drought.
And that can have sweeping impacts. The water content of a snowpack can change the amount and timing of when runoff occurs, and that has implications for wildlife, ecosystems, water resources, flood control, hydropower and drought mitigation.
Snow droughts can also have far-reaching effects on agriculture — and economies. California's Central Valley, the heart of its agriculture industry, relies on snow melt from the Sierra Nevada. The state saw $2.7 billion in losses in the sector following low precipitation and warm temperatures during 2014-2015.
Frank Gehrke (DWR Chief of Snow Surveys) addresses the media during a snow survey at Phillips Station on April 1, 2015. The black tag on the pole is where the snow was in the drought year of 1977, the yellow tag is where the snow was last year, and the green tag is where the snow is on an average year. Measurements in Phillips began in 1942, and today is the first time there is zero snow for an April 1 measurement. Below-normal precipitation, combined with unusually warm weather, has produced meager snowfall during the traditional wet season.
Florence Low / California Department of Water Resources
Snow droughts can also make conditions dire in regions that are already stressed by conflict and resource shortages. A snow drought in Afghanistan in 2017-2018 triggered crop failures and livestock loses that left 10 million people food insecure.
The concept of a "snow drought" has been around for several years, and it's been studied in certain key locations, but until now scientists and water managers lacked a worldwide method to assess them.
The study aims to solve that. Huning and AghaKouchak have developed a standardized snow-water equivalent index in an effort better characterize and compare the duration and intensity of snow droughts around the world.
The results already reveal some areas of concern. Looking at data from 1980 to 2018, the researchers found a few hotspots where snow-droughts became longer and more intense during the 21st century.
The most notable area was the western United States, which saw a 28% increase in the length of periods of snow drought. Eastern Russia and Europe also saw increases, though less severe.
And on the flip side, some areas saw a decrease in snow drought duration, including the Hindu Kush, Central Asia, greater Himalayas, extratropical Andes and Patagonia.
"It's important to remember that not only does the snowpack vary but the impact that it has differs across the world," says Huning.
Huning hopes the framework developed for the study can help water managers better understand the amount and timing of snowmelt, and to integrate that with drought monitoring systems to recreate better resiliency and management of resources.
"We know that the snowpack is highly variable," she says. "Further development of this framework can improve our near real-time monitoring of drought."
The study didn't delve into the specifics of why snow droughts may be becoming more severe in certain places, but other studies have found that climate change is playing, and will play, a role in reducing snowpack in some areas — including western U.S. states.
A study by UCLA climate scientists published on Aug. 10 found that in California warmer temperatures will cause more rainfall and less snow during the winter in coming decades. This will likely increase flood risks and reduce the snowpack that usually melts slowly over the spring months.
Earlier research found that a decrease in Arctic sea ice leads to changes in atmospheric circulation that creates a high-pressure system, known as an atmospheric ridge, off the Pacific coast. These ridges deflect storms, pushing them northward and leaving the region high and dry. A particularly stubborn system that developed in 2013, nicknamed the "ridiculously resilient ridge," had a big hand in California's five-year drought, which extended until 2017.
Better understanding of how to measure and track snow droughts can give water managers another tool to help plan for similar droughts and to better manage this changing resource.
"Snow is a natural resource and, given the warming temperatures that some parts of the world will see, the amount of snow is changing," says Huning. "We need to recognize that there are so many different ways the environment and humans will be affected."
Posted on February 3, 2021 by Coyote GulchPosted in Climate Change, Colorado WaterLeave a comment
New report confronts tough choices for the future of the #ColoradoRiver: "Dire situations require solutions far from historic norms" — @AmericanRivers #COriver #aridification
Glen Canyon in 1873, near the confluence of the Colorado and San Juan Rivers. By Timothy H. O'Sullivan – U.S. National Archives and Records Administration, Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=17428088
From American Rivers (Sinjin Eberle & Page Buono):
It's time for hard conversations about what kind of future we want for the Colorado River and all who depend upon it.
The Center for Colorado River Studies at Utah State University recently published a preprint edition of their new white paper titled, "Alternative Management Paradigms for the Future of the Colorado and Green Rivers." The authors of the paper include Kevin Wheeler, Jack Schmidt, Brad Udall, and former Colorado River District General Manager, Eric Kuhn, among a few notable others in the climate modeling and Colorado River management space (Disclosure: Jack Schmidt and Eric Kuhn both serve voluntarily on American Rivers' Science and Technical Advisory Committee.) The new publication builds upon a 2020 white paper, "Strategies for Managing the Colorado River in an Uncertain Future." Wheeler et. al ran scenarios for various planning strategies on one of the most managed rivers in the world, the Colorado, to better understand the implications of those decisions in a hotter and drier future. Using the same computer modeling tools used by basin managers (the Bureau of Reclamation CRSS model), they integrated new climate and river flow data and looked out decades into the future to explore and predict water supply conditions under various scenarios.
The outcome of the study, in short: we've got to be more creative, and we need to have some hard conversations about what kind of future we want for the Colorado River and all who depend upon it. American Rivers has been engaged with the authors of the study, and we're coming up to speed with its prescient findings. But even more important than that, our desire is to spark a conversation with you about what kind of future lies before us, what this new science tell us about various realities on the river, and how can we design solutions for the river, together.
John Fleck, author of a pair of recent books on western water, recently posted his take on the study, including some of the key highlights. He underscored that "Under a relatively optimistic scenario (things don't get any drier than they've been in the first two decades of the 21st century), stabilizing the system would require:
The Upper Basin to not increase its uses beyond its current ~4-million-acre feet per year of water use.
The Lower Basin to adjust to routinely only getting ~6-million-acre feet of water.
Basically, that means adapting to living in a 10-12 million-acre-foot (MAF) river, rather than a 17 MAF river as the Colorado River Compact assumes. Obviously, this stuck out to us too. While the Law of the River (the Colorado River Compact) essentially promised 7.5 MAF for the Upper Basin and 8.5 MAF for the Lower Basin (then added in Mexico's allocation later), the Alternative Management Paradigms study makes clear that this is now an unattainable, and unwise, ambition.
Fleck points out that "Upper Basin water users have averaged about 4-million-acre feet/year since the 1980's, but with plans to use more. The Lower Basin has reduced their use from the allowable 7.5 MAF to 6.9 MAF on average over the last five years. So to balance things out, Upper Basin use can't grow, and Lower Basin use needs to shrink. More than it already has."
The authors write that "the primary purpose of this White Paper is to provide provocative new ideas," and they warn that "the current management approach that allows only incremental changes to the Law of the River may be insufficient to adapt to the future conditions of the basin."
With both the warning and the desire for new ideas and thoughtful conversation in mind, we wanted to share some of the top conclusions from the study as an invitation for further conversation:
The Colorado River has been profoundly altered from its highest reaches to its delta. In the highly constructed and managed basin—complete with numerous transbasin diversions and large dams—the native river ecosystem has been profoundly altered, the Upper Basin less so than the Lower, but still to significant degree.
Unrealistic future depletion projections for the Upper Basin confound planning. There simply isn't enough water to meet the aspirations for growth of the Upper Basin. "Unreasonable and unjustified estimations create the impression that compact delivery violations…are inevitable. Such distortions mislead the public about the magnitude of the impending water supply crisis and make identifying solutions to an already difficult problem even harder."
Climate change is causing flow declines and additional declines are likely to occur. 2000-2018 flows in the Colorado River are nearly 20% less than during the 20th century. Even accounting for this decline is not sufficient for future planning—increased temperatures and the resulting aridity will likely precipitate further decline.
The Colorado River exists in a tenuous balance between supplies, demands and storage. Unplanned changes in this balance are likely to lead to highly undesirable outcomes. The Colorado River is already stretched. Any actions that decrease the inflows or increase demand are untenable. "If the Millennium Drought conditions continue and the 2007 UCRC future depletion projections materialize, the Colorado River's water supply cannot be sustainably managed."
Likely lower inflows and/or any increases to Upper Basin consumptive uses will result in a difficult basin-wide reckoning. Future reductions in water supply are likely, due to the effects of climate change, exacerbating tensions between the Upper and Lower Basin, especially if the Upper Basin increases its demand. Negotiations are already massively difficult. Planning for a supply that science suggests will not be realized makes difficult processes profoundly more difficult.
Lake Mead in 2017. Photo: Karen, (CC BY-NC-ND 2.0)
In addition to those "difficult reckonings" it is clear that unless something is done, the environment—the river itself—has the most to lose. But in addition to those, the study outlined these additional takeaways that are key to understanding the expansive challenge facing the Colorado River:
Lower Basin shortage triggers based on combined Lakes Powell and Mead storage are more logical and clearer than existing triggers (and different from simply looking at the individual lake levels on their own)
Neither a Fill Mead First nor Fill Powell First scheme promotes or improves Lower Basin water security
Flaming Gorge Reservoir releases provide little Upper and Lower Basin Risk Protection
Humans have significant control over demands but little control over inflows
Dire situations require solutions far from historic norms
As Kuhn, Fleck and others have stated for years, the study demands a reimagining of what we want versus what we need when it comes to water, and it grounds us in future-looking predictions of what we're likely to have, which isn't more and will likely be less. This is, perhaps, the epitome of inconvenient science, but it's important science nonetheless, and if history has taught us anything, it is science that we can't ignore. Doing so will cost us greatly.
You can read the study HERE, and you can learn more by staying engaged with us as we continue the work of distilling and contextualizing this research through additional blog posts, and other outreach, in the near future. We hope to catalyze a dialogue here—dare we say, a movement—and we look forward to your reactions, comments and ideas.
Posted on February 3, 2021 by Coyote GulchPosted in Climate Change, Colorado River Basin, Colorado Water, Green River Basin2 Comments
#GlenwoodSprings council reviewing #water, sewer rate increases to meet infrastructure needs — The Glenwood Springs Post Independent
New plating at the Glenwood Springs water intake on Grizzly Creek was installed by the city to protect the system's valve controls and screen before next spring's snowmelt scours the Grizzly Creek burn zone and potentially clogs the creek with debris. (Provided by the City of Glenwood Springs)
From The Glenwood Springs Post Independent (John Stroud):
Some of the work related to Grizzly Creek Fire impacts
Infrastructure improvements associated with Glenwood Springs waterworks system brought on in part by last summer's Grizzly Creek Fire will likely mean multiple years of increasing water and sewer rates for customers.
In 2020, the city conducted a water and wastewater rate study, which identified several "critical infrastructure needs" over the next 10 years totaling about $36 million.
City council has been reviewing and will decide on a recommended tiered water and wastewater rate increase over those 10 years. It expects to make a decision this spring.
Glenwood Springs Public Works Director Matthew Langhorst presented two rate increase options at a Jan. 21 City Council work session.
Option 1 would increase rates 26.2% this year, followed by 8% for three years, then 7% in 2025 and 5% from 2026 to 2030.
The second option has a higher initial rate increase for this year at 36.8%, followed by 5% for years 2022 through 2030…
Both options also include standard Consumer Price Index (CPI) adjustments annually after 2030. Historically, the CPI has ranged between 1% and 4%.
Langhorst also presented a comparison of what an average user's monthly bill would look like under both options in year one, assuming different gallon usage.
The average user consuming 5,000 gallons of water currently has an estimated bill of $92. Under Option 1, that would increase to $113. Option 2 would be slightly higher at $122.
Langhorst said that 5,000 gallons of water is equivalent to what a medium-sized home with some landscaping would consume. "Compared regionally, the increased rates are in line with other jurisdictions," he said.
Some of the identified capital projects are related to the Grizzly Creek Fire, which severely impacted the city's main No Name and Grizzly Creek water supplies. Others are due to routine replacement of aging infrastructure…
Other capital needs include replacement or rehabilitation of equipment and additional storage capacity for firefighting capabilities, city officials said.
Glenwood Springs operates a municipal water supply system that supplies drinking water to more than 10,000 residents. The city obtains its drinking water from three surface water intakes in the Colorado River watershed…
The work session provided a preliminary overview of funding options. Council is tentatively set to review and make a decision about rates sometime this spring, and will also discuss a possible low-income assistance program, according to the city's release.
Posted on February 3, 2021 by Coyote GulchPosted in Climate Change, Colorado River Basin, Colorado Water, Infrastructure, Water Pollution, Water TreatmentLeave a comment


The earnings of Nepali labour sustain one out of every three households of Nepal's 28 million; remittances prop up the country, but at a high cost.
The film provides a rare glimpse of the migrant workers' experience in Qatar, site of the 2022 World Cup, where Nepalis outnumber natives several times over. While poverty compels them to go, it doesn't justify their treatment.
The struggle to endure long working hours, the stultifying heat, the burden of loans and high expectations back home is the lot of the migrant, confronted by overwhelming upheaval and fractures.
Refreshments will be provided. Seating is limited – please RSVP.


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With Chelsea youngster Tammy Abraham being called up to the England first team for the first time , there has been mixed reaction on Twitter from fans about his newly found international recognition.
There have been mixed messages about his call up, with both positive and negative reactions, while the issue of Abraham still being eligible to play for Nigeria has been brought up by some of their supporters.
Recently, along with the previous call ups for young English players, a lot of people have given Abraham a lot of praise following his recent form in his first season as a Premier League player.
However, there were obviously negative impacts on his call up, with a lot of comparing him to current Aston Villa striker Gabriel Agbonlahor with discussions of both strikers turning down chances to play for Nigeria to counter their ambition of representing England.
In addition, with Abraham being tied to both loan club Swansea City and parent club Chelsea, he also received a number of tweets praising him for both playing well for Swansea and needing to help Chelsea in the future.
There will be little surprise at Abraham's rise among Bristol City fans, who saw him notch 26 goals during a prolific loan spell at Ashton Gate last season.


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ABO: Interactive Journal for Women in the Arts, 1640-1830
Scholar Commons > College of Arts and Sciences > English > ABO > Vol. 1 (2011) > Iss. 1
Women's Poetry: 2011
Laura Runge, University of South FloridaFollow
Laura L. Runge is Professor of English at the University of South Florida. She has published on pedagogy, gender and women authors from the eighteenth century, including Gender and Language in British Literary Criticism, 1660-1790 (Cambridge) and "Teaching Eighteenth-century Women Writers" in Literature Compass (2010).
Runge, Laura (2011) "Women's Poetry: 2011," ABO: Interactive Journal for Women in the Arts, 1640-1830: Vol.1: Iss.1, Article 1.
Available at: https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/abo/vol1/iss1/1
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


next ministerial conference, which will be held in Buenos Aires on 10–13 December 2017, this discussion paper assesses the implementation of the Nairobi Package, and identifies gaps in this process. The 11th Ministerial Conference (MC11) comes at a time when developed countries are calling for the abandonment of the Doha Development Round to focus on new 21st century trade-related issues. Yet some developing countries remain committed to the conclusion of Doha before moving on to new issues. These disagreements have resulted in numerous proposals with no consensus emerging for the upcoming conference. As a result, there is no set agenda for MC11. This paper explores potential issues that it is anticipated will be on the agenda of the ministerial conference. This assessment is conducted bearing in mind South Africa's interests. The paper also considers how the implementation gaps could influence outcomes in December 2017. It provides recommendations for key focus areas, and suggestions for policy alignment among members sharing similar interests.


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Gildas est un nom propre qui peut désigner :

Prénom et patronyme
Gildas est un prénom celtique. Il signifierait « servant de Dieu », « doré » ou encore « chevelure ».

Gildas est aussi un patronyme.

Variantes linguistiques
 Au féminin : Gildasie ou  (comme le film Gilda)
 En breton : Gweltaz, Yeltaz ou Gentaz (comme prénom ou dans la toponymie non-francisée) ou Weltaz (forme non attestée) ;
 En français : le prénom breton a été retranscrit à l'écrit et se prononce « Yeltaz ».
 En poitevin : Jhilda

Religion

Saints et bienheureux chrétiens
Voir

Fête
La fête du prénom Gildas est définie le .

Patronyme

 Stéphane Gildas (1952-2013), acteur et metteur en scène français.

Pseudonyme

 Philippe Gildas (1935-2018), journaliste et animateur de radio et de télévision français ;
 Maryse Gildas (1940-), épouse Philippe Gildas, animatrice de radio et de télévision française, connue aussi principalement par son simple prénom.

Personnalités portant ce prénom

 Gildas Arzel, chanteur et compositeur ;
 Gildas Buron, conservateur du Musée des Marais Salants de Batz-sur-Mer (voir les articles Marais salants et Breton de Batz-sur-Mer).

Variante « Gweltaz »
 Gweltaz Adeux, chanteur du groupe EV ;
 Gweltaz Le Fur ou Gweltaz ar Fur en breton, chanteur et compositeur ;

Toponymie

Notes et références

Homonymie de prénom
Homonymie de toponyme
Patronyme breton

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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11 05 2020 07 06 2020 by flares
Iced Blondes
2019 television, Norwegian fiction, norwegian television, television, Uncategorized, Wisting
coffee, ian rankin, Jørn Lier Horst, Jo nesbø, Katarina Launing, Norway, Norwegian, norwegian television, scandinoir, Trygve Allister Diesen, Wisting
Wisting (Directed by Trygve Allister Diesen and Katarina Launing, 2019)
I stumbled across Wisting a couple of months ago in the nether regions of iPlayer and downloaded the first episode a couple of months ago. I confess I've never seen The Bridge (soon to be a Radio 4 programme), nor Wallander, nor the original version of The Killing (but most of the American version). I did see Modus (possibly in reverse order) and Svartsjön (ultimately silly, but verging on the Todorovian fantastic, if I recall correctly), so my scandinoir experiences are thin (I think I gave up after the second film in The Girl with the Increasingly Passive Character trilogy).
This one is based on two novels by Jørn Lier Horst, Hulemanne and Jakthundene, although possibly they've reversed the order. William Wisting is chief of investigations with twin children (Line and Thomas) at the south eastern Norwegian town of Larvik. Wisting differs from Harry Hole in Jo Nesbø's series in that he is not an alcoholic depression with relationship problems – I'm not sure we ever see him drink alcohol. I like the Hole series – I'm one behind having read them in Norwegian publication order – but he does sometimes feel like a Rebus cast across the North Sea (Nordsjøen?).
The producers of The Snowman have made some problems for themselves when it comes to follow-ups – leaving aside the quality of the film – as they've started at book seven. I'm wondering whether filming books 8 and 9 (or 9 or 8) will give the producers of Wisting some headaches – an important character is written out, the recently died wife might have appeared in the earlier books. I suspect these are probably easily circumvented.
But watching these two adaptations, which are presumably more dovetailed than the sources, you do rather wonder if all murder victims in Norway are blonde women aged between 18 and 25. Despite this, there is male gaze eye candy in peril, although Wisting's blonde daughter does get to have ill-judged sexual partners twice. And I did wonder whether Wisting might have been more concerned for his daughter rather earlier than he was, given his serial killer's preferred type.
The first five episodes feature Wisting investigating said serial killer, who turns out to have been an immigrant from the United States who is pretending to be Norwegian. The FBI, in the shape of Carrie-Anne Moss and Richie Campbell, are on his trail – cue culture clash, especially over guns, spying and coffee. (A lot of coffee is drunk in the series.) Meanwhile, Line, a journalist, is investigating her Larvik neighbour, who died alone. Apparently, it takes a journalist and a detective the best part of four episodes to figure out the two cases are connected. I did feel that Carrie-Anne Moss was a little under used – presumably they wanted to keep English dialogue to a minimum – and it perhaps says something that a Black British actor is getting work by pretending to be American in a Norwegian television show.
There are several seeds planted early on for episodes six to ten – a murderer, Vidar Haglund, being released at the end of his sentence, a young blonde, Linnea Kaupang, whose police report of stalking is disbelieved, and Frank Robekk, who is uncle to a missing blonde who he insists Haglund or the American serial killer has murdered.
In a shift from Christmas to spring, the feted Wisting is ambushed during a TV interview about his handling of Haglund's conviction, which seems somewhat flawed. Wisting is suspended from duty, pending investigation, but has to stop Robekk from going after Haglund, work out who planted the dodgy evidence and stop any more blondes getting deaded. Meanwhile, Linnea goes missing, possibly having committed suicide or being murdered. And Line investigates a murder in Vigeland Sculpture Park, although her trail leads to Larvik.
Apparently, it takes a journalist and a detective the best part of four episodes to figure out the cases are connected…
It's all pleasingly complicated, although the actual villain has a large (spoiler) signpost over their head. With Rebus and Hole, you might be willing to suspect that they'd suspend procedure to get the right conviction, I'm not sure I ever believed that Wisting might be guilty. He may be a traumatised blank canvas who is alienating his children, but he's an ethical traumatised blank canvas who is alienating his children. Even if he obtains police records in a dubious manner. There are a couple of loose ends – Moss's absence is felt, Thomas is forgotten about and there's red-herringed subplot that seemed to be skipped over. (Come to think of it, there's another red-herringed blonde subplot which I suspect makes more sense in the books.) And I did wonder if the ninety-minute drive between Oslo and Larvik was undertaken a little too easily.
Whilst the acting is impressive – as far as I can tell from English subtitles drowning out the Norwegian dialogue – the direction is perhaps a little lacklustre. There is a little too much aerial establishing shots of Oslo/Larvik – Modus did the same for Stockholm – and they are fans of the bird's eye view. Few characters get to enter places they shouldn't be without someone turning up right behind them. But it's a fun ride.
Two earlier and two later books have been optioned – Nattmannen, Bunnfall, Vinterstengt and Blindgang – and I hope the producers get to film them.
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text:
The Father of Invention
By Mohannad Al-Haj Ali
Apple CEO Steve Jobs holds an iPad in this January 27, 2010 file photo. Jobs resigned as CEO of Apple, the company announced August 24, 2011.
REUTERS/Kimberly White
Steve Jobs is routinely voted one of the most influential and powerful people in the world.WHEN the world awoke to the iPod revolution and the innovations that followed such as the iPhone and the iPad, it turned its attention to the creative mind behind them, the founder and chief executive of Apple, Steve Jobs, and his life story as the adopted child of a modest American family.
The Observer newspaper in Britain, Fortune magazine in the US, and other media outlets published lengthy articles on his life in which his biological father of Syrian origin, Abdul Fattah "John" Jandali, emigrated to the United States in the early 1950s to pursue his university studies.
The western media did not give great mention to Jandali other than to say he was an outstanding professor of political science, that he married his girlfriend (Steve's mother) and by whom he also had a daughter, and that he slipped from view following his separation from his wife.
An American historian, however, has now stirred controversy over the role of genes and their superiority over nurture in the case of Steve Jobs, by describing Jandali in a detailed critical article published briefly on the Internet before it was suddenly removed, as "the father of invention", given that Jandali's daughter Mona (Simpson) – Steve's sister – is also one of the most famous contemporary American novelists and a professor at the renowned University of California in Los Angeles (UCLA).
The 79-year-old Jandali has deliberately kept his distance from the media.What is known about him lacks detail, and is both one-sided and a source of curiosity at the same time. Here is his story as Jandali himself told it to Al-Hayat.
Jandali in Syria
Abdul Fattah Jandali was born in 1931 to a traditional family in Homs, Syria. His father did not reach university, but was a self-made millionaire who owned "several entire villages", according to his son. His father held complete authority over his children, authority not shared by his traditional and "obedient" wife.
"My father was a self-made millionaire who owned extensive areas of land which included entire villages," Jandali said. "He had a strong personality and, in contrast to other parents in our country, my father did not reveal his feelings towards us, but I knew that he loved me because he loved his children and wanted them to get the best university education possible to live a life of better opportunities than he had, because he didn't have an education. My mother was a traditional Muslim woman who took care of the house and me and my four sisters, but she was conservative, obedient, and a housewife. She didn't have as important a part in our upbringing and education as my father. Women from my generation had a secondary role in the family structure, and the male was in control."
The American University
Jandali did not stay long in Syria. "I left for Beirut when I was 18 to study at the American University, and I spent the best years of my life there," he said.
He was a pan-Arabism activist, and his star soon began to shine. He headed an intellectual and literary society which had a nationalist bent and counted among its members symbols of the Arab nationalists' movements such as George Habash, Constantine Zareeq, Shafiq Al-Hout and others.
"I was an activist in the student nationalist movement at that time," he said. "We demonstrated for the independence of Algeria and spent three days in prison. I wasn't a member of any particular party but I was a supporter of Arab unity and Arab independence. The three and a half years I spent at the American University in Beirut were the best days of my life. The university campus was fantastic and I made lots of friends, some of whom I am still in contact with. I had excellent professors, and it's where I first got interested in law and political science."
The university's Campus Gate magazine published in its 2007 spring issue an article by Tousef Shabal in which he says: "The Al-Urwa Al-Wuthqa Association was founded in 1918 and dedicated to cultural and political activities. Between 1951 and 1954 the society was headed by Abdul Fattah Jandali, the now deceased Eli Bouri, Thabit Mahayni and Maurice Tabari. The decision to disband the society was taken after the events of March 1954…" a reference to the violent demonstrations that took place on the university campus against the Baghdad Pact.
According to Shabal, the society consisted of "diverse political groups such as Arab nationalists and communists, and competition for the managing positions was red hot, but in the end went in favor of the Arab nationalists."
When Jandali graduated from the American University in Beirut, Syria was going through troubled political and economic times, according to Jandali, and although he wanted to study law at Damascus University and become a lawyer, his father did not agree, saying that there were "too many lawyers in Syria".
He continued: "Then I decided to continue my higher studies in economy and political sciences at the United States where a relative of mine, Najm Al-Deen Al-Rifa'i, was working as a delegate of Syria to the United Nations in New York. I studied for a year at Columbia University and then went to Wisconsin University where I obtained grants that enabled me to earn my master's and doctorate. I was interested in studying the philosophy of law and analysis of law and political sciences, and I focused in my studies at the American University on international law and the economy."
The birth of Steve and Mona
While studying in Wisconsin, Jandali met Joanne Carole Sciebele by whom he had a boy while they were both still students, but Sciebele's father was conservative and wouldn't agree to them getting married, so she gave her baby boy – Steve Jobs – up for adoption.
Initially, a lawyer and his wife approached, but did not proceed with adoption when they found out the child was a boy and not a girl as they wanted. Another couple came forward, neither of whom had gone through university education, and adopted the newborn baby after agreeing to the mother's condition that the child be given a university education later in life.
Abdul Fattah (who added "John" to his name) returned and married Sciebele, and they had a daughter and named her Mona, but he then traveled to Syria – part of the United Arab Republic at the time – intending to enter the diplomatic corps.
The United Arab Republic
"I had two basic paths open to me after graduating," Jandali said. "Either go back to my home country and work with the Syrian government, or stay in the United States and in university education, and that is what I did for a while. I went back to Syria when I got my doctorate, and I thought I'd be able to find work in the government, but that didn't happen. I worked as a manager at a refinery plant in my hometown of Homs for a year, during which Syria was part of the United Arab Republic and run by the Egyptians. Egyptian engineers, for example, ran the Ministry of Energy in Syria, and the situation wasn't right for me, so I went back to the United States to rejoin education there."
According to Jandali, his wife decided to break up with him while he was away in Syria, but that didn't stop him from pursuing his academic work.
"I enjoyed university education very much, it was a rewarding profession, but unfortunately during the sixties and seventies in the United States the pay was very poor for academics, and in general they did not enjoy great respect due to the prevailing belief that professors only taught because they couldn't do anything else. That is stupid and wrong, of course. I was an assistant professor at Michigan University then at Nevada University. I purchased a restaurant and became interested in making money, and I gave up academic work to run the business. After the restaurant I was a manager at companies and organizations in Las Vegas, and then I opened two restaurants in Reno and joined the organization that I manage today."
Jandali describes himself as an "idealist". "Any job I want to do, I try my utmost to see it through completely or not do it at all. Academically, I was very successful. In business management, after a couple of difficult years, I improved. For example, now I run the organization I work in. Success in the world of business requires you to be interested in your assistants and staff and to have a clear vision."
80 years: No to retirement
In the tumult following Steve Jobs' resignation, the media have been digging up interviews with Steve Jobs' biological father, Abdulfattah John Jandali, who is a Syrian-born vice president of a casino in Reno.
Jandali is that rare case of a person continuing work beyond the age of retirement, and it is something he is proud of.
"Next March I'll be in my eighties, but to look at me you'd think I was only in my sixties because I've taken care of myself, looked after my health, and I love work. I think retirement is the worst of western societies' institutions. When people retire they become detached, grow old and stop looking after themselves. Enthusiasm for life dies out and energy levels drop, and they effectively kill themselves, even though they're still alive. I'm not planning to retire even if I leave my position here after a year or two. I'll dedicate myself to writing, I might write a book or two. My daughter is a very successful novelist with five books, and I plan to move on from my work, and I'm thinking of writing about the Arab World, perhaps a historical narrative with analysis for the future."
But even so, Jandali has not been to Syria for over 35 years. "Not because I don't want to, but because of the worry which affects an emigrant when he wants to go back to his home country after so many years, and over what might await him there. I'm thinking of visiting Lebanon and Abu Dhabi next summer to see relatives," he said.
He doesn't hide his nostalgia. "I miss my family in Syria. When I left, my closest relatives were still alive. I miss my culture and society and the tight social bonds between relatives as well as the standard of living. Here in the United States there is technological advancement and abundant opportunities for growth and work, but it's not life itself, and while one appreciates the individual freedoms in western societies, there are times when you really feel that you are alone, that you don't have the moral family support that you have in the east. I'm not talking about one's mother or father, but the wider family, relatives, that entity that makes you feel you are part of it, that's what I miss most about my home country. Of course I miss the social life and wonderful food, but the most important thing is the outstanding cultural attributes which in general you don't find in the West.
"If I had the chance to go back in time, I wouldn't leave Syria or Lebanon at all. I would stay in my home country my whole life. I don't say that out of emotion but out of common sense. I think I've wasted my energies and talents in the wrong place and in the wrong society. But that's just theoretical talk, and what's happened has happened." So what remains of his Syrian identity and Arabic culture after nearly 60 years in America?
"I'm a non-practicing Muslim and I haven't been on the Haj, but I believe in Islam in doctrine and culture, and I believe in the family. I have never experienced any problem or discrimination in the United States because of my religion or race. Other than my accent which might sometimes suggest that I'm from another country, I have completely integrated in society here. I advise young Arabs coming here, however, to get a university degree and not prolong their stay, as there are lots of opportunities in the Arab World today, particularly in the Gulf. The good minds of the Arab world must stay there, as they might be able to help their countries there more than they can here.
Father of invention
Responding to his being called the "father of invention", Jandali says: "My daughter Mona is a famous writer, and my biological son is Steve Jobs, the chief executive of Apple. The reason he was put up for adoption was because my girlfriend's father was extremely conservative and wouldn't let her marry me, and she decided to give him up for adoption. Steve is my biological son, but I didn't bring him up, and he has a family that adopted him. So if it's said that I'm the 'father of invention', then that's because my biological son is a genius and my daughter a brilliant writer. I thank God for my success in life, but I'm no inventor.
"I think that if my son Steve had been brought up with a Syrian name he would have achieved the same success. He has a brilliant mind. And he didn't finish his university studies. That's why I think he would have succeeded whatever his background. I don't have a close relationship with him. I send him a message on his birthday, but neither of us has made overtures to come closer to the other. I tend to think that if he wants to spend time with me he knows where I am and how to get hold of me.
"I also bear the responsibility for being away from my daughter when she was four years old, as her mother divorced me when I went to Syria, but we got back in touch after 10 years. We lost touch again when her mother moved and I didn't know where she was, but since 10 years ago we've been in constant contact and I see her three times a year. I organized a trip for her last year to visit Syria and Lebanon and she went with a relative from Florida. I always take the side of the mother because the son will always be happiest with his mother.
I'm proud of my son and his accomplishments, and of my work. Of course I made mistakes, and if I could go back in time I would have put some things right. I would have been closer to my son, but all's well that ends well. Steve Jobs is one of the most successful people in America, and Mona is a successful academic and novelist."
On the likelihood of Steve Jobs being regarded as an "American-Arab", Jandali says: "I don't think he pays much attention to these gene-related things. People know that he has Syrian origins and that his father is Syrian, that's all well-known. But he doesn't pay attention to these things. He has his own distinctive personality and he's highly-strung. People who are geniuses can do what they want."
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text:
Johann Heinrich Michaelis (* 26. Juli 1668 in Klettenberg; † 10. März 1738 in Halle (Saale)) war ein deutscher evangelischer Theologe und orientalischer Philologe.

Leben
Johann Heinrich wurde als Sohn des aus Ellrich stammenden Johann Valentin Michaelis (1633–1711) und  dessen Frau Sophia (geb. Schmidt) (1634–1712) geboren. In der ehemaligen Residenz der Grafen von Hohenstein hatte sein Vater ein adliges Gut als Pächter verwaltet. Die Mutter legte Wert darauf, ihrem Sohn schon bald das Lesen beizubringen. Da im Ort keine Schule bestand, erhielt er von Anbeginn Unterricht bei Privatlehrern. Als er das elfte Lebensjahr erreicht hatte, zogen seine Eltern nach Ellrich, wo er fortan die Schule besuchte. Jedoch brachte ihn diese Ausbildungszeit nicht sonderlich voran.

Michaelis fand in dem Ortspfarrer M. Thomas Damius (auch Damen) eine Person, der ihn die Notwendigkeit einer guten Ausbildung vor Augen führte. Michaelis wäre gern an die Schule in Nordhausen gewechselt, jedoch hatte dort die Pest die Schule ihres Lehrkörpers beraubt. Daher sollte er 1683 in Braunschweig eine Kaufmannslehre absolvieren. Jedoch verspürte er wenig Lust auf eine solche Ausbildung, so dass sein Ausbilder ihn, eher unfreiwillig, nach einigen Monaten entließ.

Er fand an der Braunschweiger Martinschule die Möglichkeit, sich weiterzubilden, und wurde durch den dortigen Rektor Möhring gefördert. Dieser vertraute ihm einige Kinder zur Unterrichtung an. Bald aber erkrankte Michaelis und begab sich zur Genesung in sein Elternhaus. Erholt von der Krankheit, ging er 1685 auf die wiederhergestellte Schule in Nordhausen. Hier hatte er sich unter dem Rektor Konrad Dunkelberg (1640–1708) und dem Konrektor Johann Christian Buhl (1653–1706) nach drei Jahren das Rüstzeug erworben, eine Hochschule besuchen zu können. Er entschied sich, im April 1688 an die Universität Leipzig zu gehen. Hier beschäftigte er sich bei Johann Ernst Müller und dem jüdischen Lehrer Albert Christian mit der orientalischen Philologie.

Daneben besuchte er die theologischen Vorlesungen von Gottlob Friedrich Seligmann, Johann Olearius (1639–1713), Johann Benedict Carpzov II., Tilemann Andreas Rivinus (1654–1692), Thomas Ittig (1643–1710) und Adam Rechenberg (1642–1721). Zur Finanzierung des Studiums übernahm Michaelis eine Stelle alsPrivatlehrer und beaufsichtigte die Herausgabe des Hebräisch-Chaldäischen Lexikons des Heinrich Opitz. Nach vier Jahren in Leipzig ging er nach Halle, wo er Vorlesungen über Hebräisch hielt und in das theologische Seminar aufgenommen wurde. Nach einem kurzen Aufenthalt ab Herbst 1693 bei seinen Eltern als Unterweiser seines Bruders kehrte er 1694 mit diesem zurück an die neu gegründete Universität Halle. Er hielt abermals Vorlesungen in den orientalischen Sprachen und erwarb sich dabei hohe Anerkennung.

Nachdem er mit der Dissertation  Conamina brevioris manductionis ad doctrinam  erfolgreich disputiert hatte, verlieh man ihm den akademischen Grad eines Magisters der Philosophie. 1696 erlangte er mit der Dissertation  pro Loco Epicrisin Philologicam de Rev. Michaelis Beckii Ulmensis, Disquisitionibus Philologicis  den Magister Legens und damit die Erlaubnis, an Hochschulen zu lehren. Dennoch fand seine Wissbegierde keine Grenzen. So besuchte er die Vorlesungen von Johann Wilhelm Baier 1647–1695 und Paul Anton (1661–1730) in Polemik. 1697 lernte er den durch Halle reisenden Hiob Ludolf kennen, der ihn für ein Studium der amharischen Sprache an der Universität Frankfurt (Oder) begeisterte, wohin er dann im April 1698 zog.

Nachdem August Hermann Francke Professor der Theologie geworden war, bot man Michaelis 1699 dessen vakant gewordene Professur der griechischen und morgenländischen Sprachen an der Universität Halle an. In Halle erwarb er sich in jener Position manchen Ruhm, 1707 nach dem Tod von Christoph Cellarius wurde ihm die Aufsicht über die Universitätsbibliothek übertragen. Da Joachim Justus Breithaupt 1709 als Abt des Klosters Berge bei Magdeburg aus der theologischen Fakultät der Universität Halle ausgeschieden war, wurde Michaelis ordentlicher Professor der Theologie. Durch sein Engagement im Hochschulbetrieb, hatte sich sein Gesundheitszustand verschlechtert. So legte er 1713 sein Amt nieder, um sich bei einer Kur in Berlin zu erholen. Dort fand er Aufnahme beim Freiherrn Karl Hildebrand von Canstein (1667–1719) und kehrte mit wiederhergestellten Kräften nach Halle zurück.

Am 27. Oktober 1717 promovierte Michalis zum Doktor der Theologie. In der Hierarchie der theologischen Fakultät stieg er durch die Abgänge der anderen Professoren 1732 zum Senior der theologischen Fakultät der Hallenser Alma Mater auf, wurde damit verbunden Direktor des theologischen Seminars und Ephorus der königlichen Freitische. Als der akademische Leiter der Hallenser Hochschule war Michaelis 1712, 1723 und 1733 Prorektor der Hallenser Alma Mater. Ebenso hatte Michaelis die Führung des Theologischen Kollegiums der orientalischen Sprachen (Collegium Orientale Theologicum) übernommen. Dieses war auf Anregung von Francke 1702 gegründet worden. Das Ziel dieses Kollegiums war die Herausgabe einer hebräischen Bibel. Die 1720 erschienene Biblia hebraica ex aliquot manuscriptis … ist sein Hauptwerk, an dem er Tag und Nacht gearbeitet hat.

Johann Heinrich Michaelis wurde auf dem halleschen Stadtgottesacker bestattet. Sein Grab befindet sich im Gruftbogen 92, Grabinschriften sind nicht mehr erhalten.

Familie
Michaelis hatte 1694 seinen Neffen Christian Benedikt Michaelis zu sich genommen, um ihn zu unterrichten. Von diesem stammen eine Reihe von Gelehrten und Ärzten ab.

Johann Heinrich Michaelis war zwei Mal verheiratet. 1706 ehelichte er Elenore († 1711), die Witwe des Diacons in Sorau Georg Bose, die Tochter des Gerichtsschultzen in Sorau Severin Kupitz. Aus dieser Ehe gingen zwei Kinder hervor, die aber früh verstarben. Nach dem Tod seiner ersten Frau heiratete Michaelis 1715 Dorothea Rosine (1692–1736), Tochter des Juristen in Dolkau M. Georg Henning. Aus dieser Ehe stammt eine Tochter, die nur drei Jahre alt wurde. Sein Sohn Justus Konrad Michaelis (1716–1772) wurde preußischer Hofrat und Ratsmann in Halle. Sein Enkel, der Sohn des zuvor genannten, Wilhelm Michaelis (1742–1819) wurde 1787 in den preußischen Adelsstand gehoben und somit Stifter des bis 1945 zu Quatzow begüterten pommerschen Adelsgeschlechts Michaelis.

Veröffentlichungen (Auswahl)
 Erleichterte Hebräische Grammatica Oder Richtige Anführung zur Hebräischen Sprache, Worinnen sowol die allgemeine Grund-Regeln, Paradigmata und Syntaxis, als auch viel besondere Anmerckungen; Imgleichen die IV. ersten Capitel des I. B. Mosis. Zeitler, Halle 1702. (Digitalisat)
 Erleichterte chaldäische Grammatica, oder richtige Anführung zur chaldäischen Sprache: Auf Begehren für die Anfänger Teutsch herausgegeben. Fritsch, Halle 1738. (Digitalisat)
 Brevioris Methodi & Manuductionis ad solidam De Accentibus Seu Distinctionibus Hebraeorum Prosaicis doctrinam Conamina. Salfeld, Halle 1694. (Digitalisat)
 Diss. de Accentibus seu interstinctionibus Hebraeorum metricis. Erschien auch unter dem deutschen Titel: Gründlicher Unterricht von den Accentibus prosaicis und metricis. 1696, 1700
 Epicrisis Philologica de plur. Rev. Atque Clar. Viri M. Michaelis Beckii, VI. Mensis Disquisitionibus LVII. Dictorum Pentat. Cum respons. Ad exam. XIV. Dictorum Genes. Halle 1696, 1697
 Diss. De Angelo Deo. 1701
 Nova Versio Latina Psalterii Aethiopici cum notis Philologicis. 1701
 Plaudii Confessi fidei Joby Ludolfi Versione Latina, notis & praefatione. Halle 1702
 De Peculiaribus Hebraeorum Loquendi Modis Diatribe Philologica. Waisenhaus, Halle 1702. (Digitalisat)
 Dissertationem Philologicam De Historia Lingvae Arabicae. Henckel, Halle 1706. (Digitalisat)
 Diss. De Textu N.T. Greco. Halle 1706
 de Jesaia propheta ejusque vaticinio. Halle 1712
 Diss. De Rege Ezechia, Ecclesiae Israeliticae, sive Judaice, Reformatore. 1717
 Christliches Denckmahl, Welches Seinem Seligem und Geliebtestem Bruder, Herrn Philippo Michaelis, Weyland Treu-verdientem Evangel. Prediger erstlich in Archangel u. letzlich in Potsdam, Wie auch dessen Seligen Frau Ehe-Liebsten, Frauen Christin. Agnes, gebohrnen Wildingin, Durch Edirung Einer am 14. Aug. 1718 allhier von dem Seligen gehaltenen Gast-Predigt, und der bey ihrer beyder Beerdigung gehaltenen Trauer-Reden, nebst ausführlichem Lebens-Lauffe, wie auch einiger von guten Freunden eingesendeten Trauer-Gedichte aufrichten wollen. Halle 1720.
 Biblia Hebraica. Halle 1720
 Uberiorum Annotationum in Hagiographos Volumina tria. Halle 1720
 Sonderbarer Lebenslauf Herrn Peter Heylings, und dessen Reise nach Ethopien, nebst zugänglichen Berichte von der im selbigen Reiche zu Anfang des XVII Saeculi entstandenen Religions-Unruhe. Halle 1724
 Diss. de Christo, Petra ac fundamento ecclesiae, ex Math. XVI. 18. 1726
 Diss. de Nexu officorum hominis Cristiani in vero Dei culto. 1728
 Diss. De cognostendi Theologiae revelatae principioDissertatio theologica de cognoscendi theologiae revelatae principio. Henckel, Halle 1732. (Digitalisat)
 de Codicibus M SS. Biblico Ebraicis maxime Erfurtensibus. 1706
 de Angelo interpretate ad vindic. Job. XXXIII. 23. 1707
 de usu LXX. Interpretum in N.T. 1709
 Disserttio de Targumim, seu versionum ac paraphrasium V.T. Chaldaicarum usu insigni antijudaico in doctrina de persona Christi. Halle 1735.
 Dissertatio Philologico-Theologica, De Libro Coheleth, Sive Ecclesiaste Salomonis. Henckel, Halle 1716. (Digitalisat)
 Gründlicher Unterricht Von den Accentibus Prosaicis u. Metricis, Oder Hebräischen Distinctionibus der Heil. Schrift A. T. Waisenhaus, Halle 1730. ([mets=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.zvdd.de%2Fdms%2Fmetsresolver%2F%3FPPN%3DPPN634488015&set[image]=1 Digitalisat])
 Dissertatio Philologico-Theologica De Cantico Canticorvm Salomonis. Zeitler, Halle 1716. (Digitalisat)
 Introductio historico teologica in S. Jacobi minoris epistolam catholicam. Henkel, Halle 1722. (Digitalisat)
 De vera gratia Jesu Christi, qua proprie Christiani fumus & salvamur. Henckel, Halle 1723.

Literatur

 L. Pelt: Michaelis, Johann Heinrich. In: Realenzyklopädie für protestantische Theologie und Kirche Hinrich, Leipzig, 1881, 2. Auflage, Band 9, S. 745 f.
 Johann Christoph von Dreyhaupt: Pagus Neletizi et Nudzici, oder ausführliche diplomatisch-historische Beschreibung des zum ehemaligen Primat und Ertz-Stifft, nunmehr aber durch den westphälischen Friedens-Schluß secularisirten Herzogthum Magdeburg gehörigen Saal-Kreyses und aller darinnen befindlichen Städte, Schlösser, Aemter, Rittergüter, adelichen Familien, Kirchen, Clöster, Pfarren und Dörffer, insonderheit der Städte Halle, Neumarckt, Glaucha, Wettin, Löbegün, Cönnern und Alsleben; aus Actis publicis und glaubwürdigen … Nachrichten mit Fleiß zusammengetragen, mit vielen ungedruckten Dacumenten bestärcket, mit Kupferstichen und Abrissen gezieret, und mit den nöthigen Registern versehen. Emanuel Schneider, Halle 1749/50
 Christian Stephan: Die stumme Fakultät. Biographische Beiträge zur Geschichte der theologischen Fakultät der Universität Halle. Verlag Stekovics, 2005, ISBN 3-89923-103-1, S. 45.

Weblinks

Einzelnachweise

Lutherischer Theologe (18. Jahrhundert)
Orientalist
Hebraist
Hochschullehrer (Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg)
Deutscher
Geboren 1668
Gestorben 1738
Mann


text:
Hank RYPKEMA
Share Hank's life story with friends and family
RYPKEMA, Hank
After a lengthy illness, Hank Rypkema passed away peacefully with family by his side on November 18, 2017. He is survived by Margaret, his wife of 47 years. Son Chris and Suzanne; stepdaughter Doreen Randshuizen and Ferdinand; stepson Larry Willes and Deloris; stepson Jerry Willes and Sharon; stepdaughters Debby Willes and Laurie Willes. fifteen grandchildren and fifteen great-grandchildren.
Hank was predeceased by son Geert Rypkema; daughter Liz Rypkema and daughter-in-law Heather.
Hank was born in Sneek Netherlands in 1922. He grew up in the family blacksmithing and stove making business. Hank attended post- secondary school and graduated in Business Administration.
During WWII, Hank was in the Dutch Underground where he helped downed pilots, hid people from the invaders and was involved in some very dangerous missions where he also met his first wife Corry, and in 1950 immigrated to Canada. They had three children: Geert, Chris and Elizabeth.
Hank started Alaskan Heating and Air- conditioning in 1955, which today carries on with second and third generations as Insight Technologies. Over the decades the company evolved to include firms involved in manufacturing, real estate and development.
Hank met Marg and they married in 1970. In 1980, they retired to Shuswap lake, B.C. where they built a beautiful home and enjoyed their love for gardening. They moved to Kelowna and after 25 years in B.C., eventually came back to Edmonton to be close to family
Hank's easy-going personality made him fun to be with and he and Marg enjoyed socializing both with friends and family.
Hank will be dearly missed by family and their many friends.
We are grateful to Hank's caregivers at Grandview Center in Edmonton. Donations to the Parkinson's Society are welcome.
Services were held privately in Edmonton and a Celebration of his Life will be held in the future.
To send condolences, please visit www.connelly-mckinley.com.
Published in Edmonton Journal on Dec. 9, 2017.
Dear Marg & family We are so sorry to learn that Hank has passed away We have so many fond memories of him from the get togethers with Alf & Hilda to being our neighbours at Valley Tower. We will remember his smile & joking nature Rest in Peace, Hank
Ron & Karen Wegner
Dear Chris and family: Condolences on your fathers' passing. We will always have fond memories of him.
Hank & Cindy Koster
Dear Chris and Family, Our condolences to you and your family, Our thought and prayers are with you at this time, Rest in Peace Om Henk.
Our prayers are with you and the family.
Glad and Bob Wilson
Sincere condolences to Margaret and extended family. Fond memories of many visits in past years in Kelowna, playing board games, celebrations, lunches, etc. Will miss him. Always caring with an infectious smile. RIP Hank,!
With sympathy, Jan Miller
Janice Miller
Marge and Chris, my condolence to you and your families. Hank had a huge influence in my life. As a Friend to my Dad, Hank sponsored our immigration to Canada and hired me in 1955 1962; where I was able to complete my apprenticeship. He taught me estimating and design that gave me a great start in my own business and engineering career. Thank you for your kindness and (brave) service during the war.
Clarence Dezwart
Dear Chris and family, Please accept our condolences for the loss of your father. I'm sure you have many fond memories of his life well lived.
Peter and Jordyce
He and Hepke Paauw (died 2017 october 19, Waterford Ontario) were the last of the 25 heroes who liberated 51 people from the prison of Leeuwarden on December 8 1944. Lest we forget!
Hessel De Walle
To The Family of Mr. Rypkema
Although you do not know me I wish to send my condolences for your loss may you find COURAGE, STRENGTH and LOVE moving forward.
Mr. Rypkema, THANK YOU for your service and sacrifices you made during WWII to help make this world a better and safer place for all to live.
At the going down of the sun and in the morning we shall remember them.
Rest In Peace Sir
A PROUD CANADIAN Veterans Daughter
Donna Phillips
To The Late: Donald Martin Phillips
WWII Veteran 1941-1945


Reebok Classic GL 6000 Fleur Womens Trainers / Shoes - The heritage silhouette pays tribute to Reebok's roots and your classic style without sacrificing feel.
Padded foam sockliner delivers plush comfort.
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The annual two-day festival, otherwise known as the "Panigyri," is held on the last weekend of July, celebrating St. Paraskevi and St. Panteleimona with music, dancing, a variety of delicious food, and fun for all. This annual event corresponds with a similar two-day festival in Arahova (Karyes), Greece.
Saturday, 4:00 – 10:00 p.m. & Sunday, 12:00 noon – 8:00 p.m.


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