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Job-embedded Coaching
Virtual/Remote Coaching
Content Expertise & Curriculum Development
NYS CTLE
Our team consists of highly-experienced educators -- university professors, school principals, classroom teachers, and professional development consultants -- who have worked extensively with both pre- and in-service teachers and have deep content expertise in STEM, computer science, literacy, English Language Arts and the humanities, ENL and bilingual learning. We are really proud of the consultants we have on our team. They are not just experienced educators, hardworking and brilliant. They are also fantastic people.
Stephen Brodbar
Stephen has experienced the field of education from three distinct perspectives: as a teacher in the New York City Public School system, as an instructor designing curriculum and professional development programs at the American Museum of Natural History and as a national consultant for STEM Education and curriculum reform. These three vantage points have given him a unique sense of how schools and informal learning institutions interplay.
He has worked with teachers around the United States, United Kingdom, and Southeast Asia and serves as a member of various advisory committees — including the STEM Nobelist Mindset Program, a partnership with the New York Academy of Sciences and the Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia. His work often involves bringing scientists and teachers together in professional development settings. Stephen once tagged along on a press trip to the Amazon with a UK-based environmental charity, moonlighting as a journalist, and left the experience with a renewed sense of how education can play a role in addressing climate change. He founded the NGO's Cool Earth Teacher Fellowship a program that supports the professional development of teachers through expeditionary learning experiences in the Amazon Rainforest and serves on the Board of US Trustees.
Kerry McKibbin
Kerry received her doctorate in English education from Teachers College, Columbia University where she was a full-time instructor in the Teaching of English M.A. program. During that time, she developed courses that explored, among other things, curriculum planning and assessment design, effective instructional practices, the teaching of writing in the secondary classroom, and ways to engage students in reading and analyzing Young Adult literature. Kerry's career in education began as a middle and high school English teacher, first in the Philippines and then in NYC public schools.
As a curriculum consultant and literacy coach, she has worked for the National Academy for Excellent Teaching and the Center for the Professional Education of Teachers — both at Teachers College — supporting teachers in public schools in and around New York City. Kerry's interests — as a classroom teacher and consultant — often focus on designing inquiry-driven, project-based curricula and engaging students in exploring genres and writing for authentic audiences. Kerry used oral history to teach literature in a middle school English classroom, as a yearlong intergenerational project in a small high school in the Bronx section of New York City, and with student-inmates on Rikers Island. She is the author of Project Notes: Conducting Oral History in the Secondary Classroom.
Usha Kotelawala, Ph.D.
Usha Kotelawala focuses on working with teachers to motivate recognition of non-routine problem solving alongside the essential variations of logic and algorithmic fluencies.
Usha Kotelawala focuses on working with teachers to motivate recognition of non-routine problem solving alongside the essential variations of logic and algorithmic fluencies. She has become dedicated to raising teacher's recognition and tools for improving student mathematical thinking in productive and positive classrooms.
In 1993 Usha began her career as a high school mathematics teacher in Seattle and then for New York City. She worked and trained under Lucy West as a lead mathematics coach beginning in 2003 in Region 9. She received her doctorate in mathematics education from Columbia University in 2007. She taught elementary and secondary math teachers at Fordham while also serving as a principal investigator for an NSF Noyce grant. Recently, she was selected by CUNY to write the LINCT curriculum for struggling 12th grade students through a grant funded by New York State entitled the Transition Course Initiative. This curriculum along with her 10-day professional development sequence is currently used by over 80 high schools. She also edited and provided professional development for the Consortium for Mathematics and Its Applications.
Her research has focused on attitudes toward proving, mathematical modeling, teacher collaboration, and lesson study. She has had the opportunity to share her work at both national and international mathematics education conferences.
She currently directs the Julia Robinson Mathematics Festival's Math On the Border program in NYC and works as an educational consultant with high need schools. She also continues professional development for teachers and adult educators.
Jessica Chen, Ed.D.
Jessica Chen has worked as a science and STEAM educator at the elementary, secondary, and graduate levels
Jessica Chen has worked as a science and STEAM educator at the elementary, secondary,
and graduate levels. Her focuses include providing science professional development, developing
STEM/STEAM programs in schools, and promoting equity, diversity, and social justice in
science education in urban spaces. Along with her consultancy work, she currently is an
Assistant Adjunct Professor at Teachers College, Columbia University, Queens College, and
Lehman College. She teaches science methods courses for elementary and secondary pre-service
and in-service teachers, preparing them to teach science to diverse student groups in underserved
communities. Previously, she was a secondary science teacher for eight years and taught
chemistry in both public and private high schools in New York City. As a chemistry teacher, she
utilized the flipped classroom to address the learning needs of her diverse students.
Lance Ozier, Ed.D.
Lance Ozier has worked and taught at the elementary, middle and secondary education levels. Having also spent 15 seasons in the Catskill Mountains of upstate New York at Morry's Camp, […]
Lance Ozier has worked and taught at the elementary, middle and secondary education levels. Having also spent 15 seasons in the Catskill Mountains of upstate New York at Morry's Camp, he serves on the American Camp Association's 5-year impact study task-force on camp as an out-of-school time context that prepares youth for college, career, and life-long success. From 2012-2017, Lance was the Senior Literacy Specialist at the Institute for Student Achievement in the research division of the ETS. His work at ISA included supporting teachers and school leaders with inquiry-based Common Core literacy curriculum, as well as leading a Carnegie Corporation of NY pilot program to include growth mindsets and non cognitive skills in the academic core. While completing his doctoral studies at Columbia University, Lance was on the English Education faculty of Teachers College. Currently he is Assistant Adjunct Professor of English Education at CCNY, and a founding instructor in the Bank Street College of Education's Summer Camp and Afterschool Leadership Certificate.
Stephen Gilman
Stephen is a passionate, veteran leader in STEM and maker education who has established over 100 STEM makerspaces in public and private schools nationwide.
Stephen is a passionate, veteran leader in STEM and maker education who has established over 100 STEM makerspaces in public and private schools nationwide. Stephen is a father, former inner-city public school teacher, veteran, activist and champion of student-centered, hands-on learning that fosters joyful, autonomous, and inventive lifelong learners at the earliest ages. Stephen and his son, Ben, started MakerState to bring fun STEAM (science, tech, engineering, arts, math) building and learning projects in robotics, coding, game design and more to all kids, schools and communities. Stephen is a founding board member of the Urban Assembly Maker Academy, a founder of the Carnegie Learning Center, a founding teacher and dean of Bronx Collegiate – a public school based in Outward Bound experiential learning – and a founding board member of the volunteer network, UlsterCorps. Stephen enjoys historical fiction writing, game design, geocaching, hiking, biking around NYC, and creativity of all kinds, especially if it's with Ben and his partner, Laura.
Paula Fleshman, Ph.D.
Paula Fleshman brings over 20 years combined experience in instruction, supervision, and education/youth development research and evaluation.
Paula Fleshman brings over 20 years combined experience in instruction, supervision, and education/youth development research and evaluation. She has enjoyed teaching elementary and secondary mathematics curriculum and methods courses for general and special education pre- and in-service teachers at Hunter College and Brooklyn College. She has supervised pre-service elementary and secondary teachers in mathematics at various public schools throughout New York City. She has had the privilege of supporting student interns as they prepare to enter the classroom, new teachers as they gain their footing in their first years, and veteran teachers developing and redefining their craft. These experiences have given her a nuanced perspective on teacher preparation, needs, and support from K-12, especially around inquiry-based and student-centered instruction in mathematics. She enjoys helping teachers to develop a mathematical mindset for themselves and with their students to allow all classroom members to enjoy and successfully engage in mathematics. Dr. Fleshman also provides job-imbedded coaching for mathematics teachers and teams, and professional development on STEM problem-based learning and numeracy integration to schools and educational leadership organizations.
Jami Craig
Jami Craig has over sixteen years of experience as an elementary school teacher, literacy coach, and administrator.
Jami Craig has over sixteen years of experience as an elementary school teacher, literacy coach, and administrator. She began her career as a special education teacher, where she learned to see every challenge as an opportunity to be creative, and to reimagine the ordinary. As an instructional coach, she has supported the growth of teachers and schoolwide systems that are self-sustaining and rooted in the true needs of the students and school communities they serve. As a founding administrator of the Brooklyn Urban Garden School, Jami developed sustainable systems for creating instructional and leadership teams, developing curriculum, and supporting diverse learners. Jami also has a passion for literacy education and is also a trained Orton Gillingham reading specialist.
Tanya Wiggins, Ed.D.
Dr. Tanya Wiggins has 25 years of experience as an educator, focused on supporting equitable opportunities and outcomes for historically underserved and/or marginalized youth through middle school instruction and nonprofit leadership.
Dr. Tanya Wiggins has 25 years of experience as an educator, focused on supporting equitable opportunities and outcomes for historically underserved and/or marginalized youth through middle school instruction and nonprofit leadership. Through her work providing professional development to schools across New York City, she has supported teachers in a wide range of areas, from integrating technology to culturally responsive pedagogy. In higher education, Tanya is a Clinical Assistant Professor of Foundations and Adolescent Education in the School of Education at Pace University, where she works to make teaching candidates aware of the inequities in the system, and their role in promoting social justice. Her writing is featured in Afterschool Matters, The SAGE Handbook of Youth Work Practice, and she has a chapter in the book, At Our Best: Building Youth-Adult Partnerships in Out-of-School Time Settings. Tanya's research seeks to bridge the worlds of research and practice by exploring the triumphs of community-based youth organizations as well as challenges they face. In this work, she also examines the role of these organizations as educational spaces.
Rob Menken
Rob Menken taught social studies and English. He founded two schools, the second of which, The New York City Lab School for Collaborative Studies, he served as principal for twenty years.
Rob Menken taught social studies and English. He founded two schools, the second of which, The New York City Lab School for Collaborative Studies, he served as principal for twenty years. His many years of experience provided him ample opportunity to develop skills in the areas of developing leadership capacity, collaborative teaming, and instructional focus. Menken feels most strongly about helping principals come to the realization that quality instruction is the goal; test scores will follow that achievement.
Coaching work in Louisiana and Detroit, as well as in multiple schools in New York City, have provided Menken with multiple perspectives on how to be sensitive to schools' and leaders' needs.
Sheila Breslaw
Sheila Breslaw has been a school coach since 2006. She was an English teacher, reading teacher and the founding and co-principal of New York City Lab School for Collaborative Studies, where she led for 20 years.
Sheila Breslaw has been a school coach since 2006. She was an English teacher, reading teacher and the founding and co-principal of New York City Lab School for Collaborative Studies, where she led for 20 years. Breslaw also worked with new and upcoming principals in both new and already established schools during her time with the Office of New Schools in New York City's Department of Education. Breslaw's areas of expertise include developing school leadership, curricula and pedagogy.
Having coached in Baton Rouge, Point Coupee, Detroit, and New York's five boroughs has provided Breslaw with a variety of approaches to draw from.
Leah Tillman, Ph.D.
Leah Tillman began her career with the NYC Department of Education as a Lab Specialist in a middle school and twenty years of teaching biology at the high school level.
Leah Tillman began her career with the NYC Department of Education as a Lab Specialist in a middle school and twenty years of teaching biology at the high school level. For almost ten years, she worked at Walton High School as the Assistant Principal, supervising a large science department. Leah's NYCDOE tenure culminated in becoming a middle school principal for the now defunct Chancellors District where she utilized best instructional practices in two "failing" schools. All of her experiences have been working with Bronx teachers and inner-city students to make learning accessible. After retirement, Leah continued her educational endeavors through several partnerships that Fordham University had with the NYCDOE. She looks forward to continuing working with science teachers in their own classrooms.
Kiah Johnson
Kiah Johnson is a Master's student at Teachers College, Columbia University and is studying developmental psychology with a focus in children's media.
Kiah Johnson is a Master's student at Teachers College, Columbia University and is studying developmental psychology with a focus in children's media. In addition to her current studies, she holds a B.A. in English and Political Science from Tulane University and a M.Ed. in Elementary Education from Delta State University. Before coming to New York, Kiah lived in Atlanta, Georgia; New Orleans, Louisiana; Clarksdale, Mississippi; Accra, Ghana; and Washington, DC, and has used her skills as an educator and professional development coach to make a unique contribution to each setting. Kiah's areas of expertise include curriculum development, data analysis, unit and lesson planning, literacy strategies, classroom culture, character development, differentiation, and culturally-relevant pedagogy.
Deirdre Hollman
Deirdre Hollman is an avid educator with over twenty years of experience engaging youth and teachers in the study of black history, art, and culture.
Deirdre Hollman is an avid educator with over twenty years of experience engaging youth and teachers in the study of black history, art, and culture. She served as Director of Education and Exhibitions at the Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture for fifteen years where she engaged teachers and learners of all ages with the Schomburg's collections through year-round programming for youth and teens; professional development workshops for teachers; school day programs for K-12 students; and curriculum development partnerships with schools and community organizations. A graduate of Princeton University with a bachelor's degree in art history, Deirdre earned her master's degree from Bank Street College in museum education and ed leadership. She earned an EdM in social studies at Teachers College, Columbia University, where she is now pursuing a PhD. Her research interests include historical and racial literacy, community education, critical and visual literacy, transmedia literacies of comics and graphic novels, youth identity development, artivism, speculative civics and afrofuturism in education.
Keri Scriva
Keri Scriva has worked in mathematics education for over twenty years. She is currently a math coach at several schools throughout New York City.
Keri Scriva has worked in mathematics education for over twenty years. She is currently a math coach at several schools throughout New York City. Keri has a B.A. in Mathematics and M.S. in Mathematics Education from Hofstra University. She taught math and science for thirteen years at Landmark High School in Manhattan where she also assumed roles in advisory and academic intervention support in addition to serving as a team leader and mentor. In 2012, Keri became an instructional coach. She is passionate about connecting teachers and students to real life mathematical experiences, creating engaging classrooms focused on meaningful discussions, and coaching teachers to support their growth.
Gerald Ardito, DPS
Dr. Gerald Ardito has been working in Education for almost three decades. His experience includes adult education, adolescent Biology, and most recently higher education.
Dr. Gerald Ardito has been working in Education for almost three decades. His experience includes adult education, adolescent Biology, and most recently higher education. He is the Assistant Chair and Assistant Professor of STEM-D Education at Pace University's School of Education. His research interests include the development of self-directed, technology-enhanced learning environments.
Denise Mahfood, Ph.D.
Denise Mahfood originates from Kingston, Jamaica and has always been curious about how the world works.
Denise Mahfood originates from Kingston, Jamaica and has always been curious about how the world works. Her teaching and professional experiences are strongly engrained in the sciences and education, which spans over an 18 year period. She continued on a science track from her studies at the University of the West Indies in Trinidad, and New York University in NYC where she earned Master's Degrees. After teaching in the NYC public schools for 8 years, she went on to do her doctoral studies at Teachers College, Columbia University.
Her educational philosophy seeks to enhance science curriculum and science teaching methods, which involves developing engaging lessons to motivate student learning by building confidence and exploring with them what they know, how they learn and the value of scientific knowledge. Currently, she is a full-time lecturer at Teachers College, Columbia University, and she continues her work in STEM education by working with teachers and students in New York City and New Jersey doing professional development.
Sarah Creider, Ed.D.
Sarah Creider is a Visiting Assistant Professor of Multilingual Multicultural Studies at New York University.
Sarah Creider is a Visiting Assistant Professor of Multilingual Multicultural Studies at New York University. She received an EdD in Applied Linguistics from Teachers College, Columbia University. Sarah specializes in preparing teachers for multilingual classrooms in urban settings and has supervised pre- and in-service ESL and bilingual teachers at NYU, Teachers College, and Hunter College. Sarah is particularly interested in developing teacher skills for content-based language instruction, working with SIFE students, teacher-student interaction in multilingual settings, and teaching in multi-level classes. She also offers courses and coaching in second-language pedagogy for adult students with limited first language literacy. As a researcher, Sarah uses conversation analysis to look at talk, gesture, and body position in educational environments, asking how close analyses of interaction can inform teachers' moment-by-moment choices in the complex world of a classroom.
Her work has been published in the Journal of Contemporary Foreign Language Studies; Learning, Culture, & Social Interaction; Discourse Studies; Language and Information Society; the Journal of Applied Linguistics and Professional Practice; and Working Papers in TESOL & Applied Linguistics. She was co-chair of the first and fourth annual meetings of the Language and Social Interaction Working Group (LANSI) at Teaches College, Columbia University.
Joshua Cabat
Joshua Cabat is currently serving as Chair of English for the Roslyn (NY) Public Schools.
Joshua Cabat is currently serving as Chair of English for the Roslyn (NY) Public Schools. For the preceding decade, he taught English and Film Studies at Roslyn High School in Roslyn, New York. Previously, he taught in the New York City public high schools for over a decade. He is a founding member of both the Folger Shakespeare Library National Teacher Corps and the Brooklyn Academy of Music's Education Advisory Panel, and for nine years was the Teaching Artist for the Young Film Critics program at BAM. In addition he is currently serving on the Secondary Steering Committee of the National Council of Teachers of English. He was the co-founder of the New York City Student Shakespeare Festival, and has been awarded three fellowships by the National Endowment for the Humanities. He has been a featured speaker at several national conferences, and has published many articles on Shakespeare and Film in publications such as the English Journal. He earned an MA from the University of Chicago and a BA from Columbia University.
Laura Rigolosi, Ed.D.
Laura Rigolosi has taught English at the middle school, high school, college and graduate school level and continues to find joy in teaching and learning! She began her teaching career […]
Laura Rigolosi has taught English at the middle school, high school, college and graduate school level and continues to find joy in teaching and learning! She began her teaching career nearly twenty years ago, and is passionate about finding ways to help students access texts at all levels. She has facilitated workshops nationwide on content- area literacy, and approaches to teaching reading and writing to heterogeneously-grouped secondary students. Laura loves working with schools on how to increase student participation and engagement, and looks forward to continuing her work this year!
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HOME > Film > Judy
Main Cast Reviews Bella Ramsey, Renee Zellweger, Jessie Buckley Categories Musical Release Date 1st Oct 2019 N/A
This movie is a snapshot of when the Legendary performer Judy Garland arrived in London (winter of 1968) to perform. She did a series of sold-out concerts. What an awesome cast: Bella Ramsey as Lorna Luft, Renee Zellweger as Judy Garland, Jessie Buckley as Rosalyn Wilder, Rufus Sewell as Sidney Luft, Michael Gambon as Bernard Delfont, Finn Wittrock as Mickey Deans, Gemma-leah Devereux as Liza Minnelli, Andy Nyman as Dan, Royce Pierreson as Burt, Fenella Woolgar as Margaret Hamilton, Phil Dunster as Ben, Darci Shaw as Young Judy, John Dagleish as Lonnie Donegan, Lucy Russell as Publicist and Diana Alexandra pocol as Young Ava Gardner.
N/A This movie is about a wealthy husband that allows his wife to have affairs.... deep-water N/A Dakota Johnson is back! A woman takes a beach vacation. It takes a dark turn... the-lost-daughter N/A This movie is based on Based on Disneyland's theme park ride of the same... jungle-cruise N/A This movie is about the life and times of the talented and famous rock and... elvis N/A This comedy movie is about a physician that can talk to animals. What a... dolittle N/A This movie is about a musician from Glasgow that dreams of being a Nashville... wild-rose 7.9 This movie is a crime story about a group of retired criminals who undertake... king-of-thieves N/A This movie is set in harlem. A pregnant woman and her family struggles to... if-beele-street-could-talk N/A Will Ferrell plays Sherlock Holmes and John C. reilly plays Dr Watson in... holmes-and-watson 7.5 Bridget Jones is back! Renee Zellweger excel's in this role once again.... bridget-joness-baby
Judy - Filmography
"Judy Garland" bookMore Info

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CHAPEL HILL, N.C. (WTVD) -- While cloudy skies hung over much of the Triangle, dozens of aspiring journalists and their community advocates gathered inside of UNC-Chapel Hill's Friday Center. That's where the ABC11 Minority Advisory Committee convened for a timely forum called "Women in Media: Tips, Opportunities and Challenges."
The candid information shared by women who work on air and behind the scenes at ABC11 is appreciated by Grace Morris, an Elon University student who's considering a career as a reporter or producer.
"Knowing I'm gonna face those challenges, but I think it helps prepare me better to know that I'm gonna have to work twice as hard. I'll have to really grind, in order to get to where I want to go," said Morris.
A panel including Gloria Rodriguez, Amber Rupinta, Brittany Bell and Tisha Powell discussed pitfalls of the business for young journalists who are tempted to take public positions, pro or con, on hot-button issues of the day.
"There are places people can got that's gonna say what they want to hear," Powell said. "That's not necessarily us! Our job is to continue to give that information in an unbiased way, to our local communities."
"I didn't realize that what you do is a job, or I didn't know 'Social Media Manager' was a job," said ABC11 investigative producer Tonya Simpson. "'I'm really interested in editing. Are there people who just get hired to edit?' I think the message was definitely put cross, and students are starting to think about other aspects of journalism they can work in."
Simpson was impressed by the students with initiative, who saw the opportunity to speak with decision makers like ABC11's news director Michelle Germano while she was in the room.
"I've talked to a few of them! I'm about to make some more rounds," said High Point University student Courtney Wallen, "make more connections, pass out business cards, have them take a look at my resume."
She and other students had their resumes reviewed by the on-air and behind-the-scenes members of our team, all willing to help the aspiring journalists get and keep good jobs when they graduate.


After pulling pranks on the public, Kevin finally gets his... when he dresses as a white ghost in Compton.
Roman and Dennis from RomanAtwoodPranks wanted to scare the hell out of Kevin. So they came up to Break with the perfect idea: Let's have one of Kevin's pranks go bad - using some hired help. So we hired three actors, and one bodyguard to play along as they take Kevin on the scare of his life. This was all 100% real. We assure you, Kevin thought he was going to die. The relief on his face afterwards could not be faked.
To those pointing out that Roman's pants change colors, this is indeed because we were forced to shoot a pick-up to include with the original footage shot.
Major props to Kevin for being a total sport!! Please show him some love in the comments and go and subscribe to his channel!


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Crna Trava (, ) is a village and municipality located in the Jablanica District of southern Serbia. According to 2011 census, the population of the village is 434 inhabitants, while population of the municipality is 1,663. This is the smallest by population and poorest municipality in Serbia.

Crna Trava is famous for its migrant builders, who are considered the best in the region and are colloquially described as "building half of Yugoslavia".

Name

The name of the village in Serbian translates to Black Grass. According to the local myth, the origin of the name dates back to 1389, when Battle of Kosovo took place. A Serbian reserve army unit, composed of Serbian archers and cavaliers, decided to take a rest on a grass field of Vilin Lug ("Fairy Grove") while travelling to the battlefield. Since the flowers and other herbs covering the field were highly poisonous, the soldiers became intoxicated, thereby they did not wake up on time for the battle. Realizing that fact, they cursed the grass that poisoned them, branding it "black" grass. However, there is no historical trace of how the settlement got its name. Variant "Kara Kas" (Turkish for black grass) appeared during the Ottoman period.

Geography

Crna Trava is located  southeast from Leskovac, seat of the Jablanica District. It is situated at the mouth of the Čemernica river into the Vlasina river. The settlement lays in the hollow between the mountains of Čemernik, Ostrozub and Plana. The surrounding landscape is mostly untouched by the urbanization, covered with grass and thick forests which create pleasant micro-climate. The winters, however, are usually harsh in the region. The snowdrifts, especially on the Čemernik mountain, can be up to  tall, cutting off the surrounding villages.

History

Illyrian tribes inhabited the area in the 5th century BC. Romans occupied the region in the 2nd century BC and exploited the ores in the vicinity, mining for gold, iron and clay. The region of Crna Trava especially developed during the reign of King Milutin in the 13th and 14th century. The original Church of Saint Nicholas was built in that period, so as the important Crna Trava Monastery. During the reign of Ottoman sultan Suleiman the Magnificent, the monastery was a metochion of Hagia Sophia and Crna Trava had certain benefits from that, as the region was considered a waqf so it wasn't directly ruled by the Turks as the others regions were. The monastery did not survive for long and it is not known to whom it was dedicated. It is speculated that it was located near the Čuka hill, below the Crni Vrh peak.

Surveys began in 2018 and in November 2020 it was announced that the remains of some old monastery were discovered at Orlovac Hill. Remains include altar section, walls and several objects surrounding the central church, in what was apparently a vast religious complex. Some parts were covered by overgrowth, while the rest of the complex was discovered by the underground scanning. It is situated on the barely accessible location, and at an altitude of some , which would make it one of the highest in Serbia. Local myths kept the memory of the monastery dedicated to Saint Nicholas, like the modern one and even the cadastre books called this locality manastirište ("monastery land"). The location points to the defensive position. The proper archaeological survey will be conducted, but initial conclusions are that the supporting walls along the paths to the monastery are from the Roman period, and that the monastery itself, which likely included a settlement, originates from the 10th century.

Settlements

Aside from the village of Crna Trava, the municipality contains the following villages:

Demographics

Crna Trava, along with the rest of Vlasina region, suffers from heavy depopulation, chiefly for economic reasons. The municipality had a population of 13,614 in 1948 and 1,339 in 2016. The settlement had a population of 2,798 in 1921 and 434 in 2011.

Though achieving a municipal status already in 1876 and being famous for its construction workers, Crna Trava gained a notoriety of being the most depopulated part of Serbia for decades. It is estimated that in 2017 there are 30,000 people originating from Crna Trava who today live in the capital of Serbia, Belgrade.

Ethnic groups

The ethnic composition of the municipality:

Economy

The following table gives a preview of total number of registered people employed in legal entities per their core activity (as of 2018):

Builders

Crna Trava is famous for its construction workers. For decades they travelled through Serbia and Yugoslavia, worked on the construction sites and the male variant of the demonym, Crnotravac (plural Crnotravci), became a synonym for a good builder. Many companies bare that name, even though they are not located in Crna Trava. They became known as dunđeri (singular dunđer; after Turkish dülger [from Persian durūger] meaning builder) and the word in time entered Serbian language as a synonym for builder.

Crnotravci excelled in all types of construction works, like carpentry or bricklaying. For the most part they were self-educated, passing the skills from generation to generation. The craft originated from the Ottoman period, when there several metal mines, including iron and lead. Local residents began to construct the facilities needed to treat the ore and extract metals, and then began building houses for themselves. In the first half of the 19th century, the Ottoman allowed the Serbs to restore damaged and build new churches so the builders from Crna Trava began to migrate and work on construction sites. Originally, they spread in the surrounding, southern region (Vlasotince, Leskovac, Niš, Aleksinac), but then they began to move to central and northern part of Serbia (Paraćin, Kragujevac, Belgrade), but also worked in Romania and Bulgaria. They arrived in Belgrade in 1820.

They built everything, from kafanas to public and government buildings. Their central gathering point was Belgrade, where they gathered in the kafana "Kikevac" in the Čubura neighborhood. Belgrade has the oldest attested construction done by the Crnotravci: building of the kafana "Dva Jelena" in the neighborhood of Skadarlija, with the surviving inscription "this building was built by the big-mustached Đorđe Crnotravac in 1832". Number of migrant workers continued to grow in the next decades, and in 1906 it was recorded that the Crnotravci made 80% of all construction workers in Belgrade.

State decided to utilize the already existing craftsmanship of the population, so it organized annual building-stonecutting course in Crna Trava, from 1920 to 1926. The courses, headed by the professors and engineers from Belgrade, later grew into the State Construction-Artisan School which was operation until World War II. It was reopened in 1947 as the Secondary Construction High School, which was closed in 1956. It was then reopened again in 1964.

On the location of the former "Kikevac" kafana, where Čubura Park is located today, a monument dedicated to the builders was erected in June 2019. The  tall sculpture on the stone pedestal represents nameless "Crna Trava builder" (Crnotravac neimar). Work of Zoran Kuzmanović, the duplicate was dedicated in Crna Trava itself.

Some of the numerous object built by the Crnotravci are:

Tourism

Tourism is not developed, even though Crna Trava is only  away from the Lake Vlasina. The average altitude of the surrounding area is  and combined with the climate, produces a clean, fresh air and the growth of the still wild grown strawberries, raspberries and blueberries so as mushrooms and herbal plants. The forests are rich in game and the mountains are suitable for winter sports, but these types of tourism are not developed either.

Church of Saint Nicholas

The Church of Saint Nicholas was originally built during the reign of King Milutin, c. 1300, but was destroyed later. The new church was built on its foundations in 1635. In 2011 bishop of Niš, Jovan Purić, gave his blessing for restoration of the church and continuance of the service. It had no service held from 1942 to 2012 and no resident priest from 1946 to 2019. On the day of Saint Procopius of Scythopolis, on 21 July, an annual regional festivity is held at the church. Construction of the clergy house next to the church began.

Monuments

Crnotravka

In order to mark the devotion of the wives of the Crnotravac builders, who stayed at home and took care of children and households, a monument was erected. Work of Sava Halugin, officially named Zahvalnost ("gratitude"), it is colloquially often referred to as Crnotravka, the female demonym. The monument is located at the confluence of the Čemerčica river into the Vlasina, in front of the "Vilin Lug" hotel, and was dedicated on 4 July 1983. The inscription says: Woman of Crna Trava, mother, fighter, striver.

Crnotravac

On 29 October 2019 a monument dedicated to the builders was erected in the village. The  tall sculpture on the stone pedestal represents nameless "Crna Trava builder" (Crnotravac neimar).It was sculptured by Zoran Kuzmanović. In June 2019 the original was dedicated in Belgrade's Čubura Park, when it was announced that the duplicate of the same monument will be erected in Crna Travam too.

Culture and education

The first school, succeeded today by the modern elementary school "Aleksandar Stojanović", was founded in the first half of the 19th century. The school has outposts in the surrounding villages of Krivi Del, Gradska and Sastav Reka. There is also the secondary school "Milentije Popović", founded in 1919. It is a technical vocational school for construction-geodetic technicians - geometers. The school has a dormitory for its students. In order to revive the settlement, because of the massive depopulation, the schoolbooks, lodging and food are free for all students.

The only cultural institution in the village is the library "Sestre Stojanović", with 26,000 books. Since 2017, the library has an electronic classroom. The first reading room in Crna Trava was founded in 1804, while the present library was formed in 1996.

Gallery

See also

 Subdivisions of Serbia

References

External links

Populated places in Jablanica District
Municipalities and cities of Southern and Eastern Serbia

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Q: Returning a specific sum from an array of integers non-recursively I'm having issues finding a solution for a problem like this:
Array = [5, 10, 10, 15, 21]
requiredNumber = 46
Returned Result = [10, 15, 21] or [5, 10, 10, 21]
Is there a non-recursive way to return a combination of integers from the array that add up to 36? I'm trying to keep the implementation as simple as possible.

A: I think what you are looking for is a "non-recursive way to find all combination from a set of value"
Here is one way, in concept:
have a bit set with number of bits equals to number of elements in your set of value.  For example, for your case of 5 element array, you need 5 bits.
(View your bit set as an integer) Start from 0, and keep incrementing.  For each value, you get a combination of your set.
e.g.
array = [1,2,3,4,5]
for (bits 0b00000 to 0b11111) {
    sum array base on bits (only sum if corresponding bits turned on)

    if sum equals to desired value, then return
}

If you are sure that your array is less than 31/63 values, then using an int/long will be super simple.  It is still easy if you want longer array, by using BigInteger (or BitSet maybe) for such purpose.
An example of hard-coded value, but it should give you the idea (haven't compiled, please bear with syntax errors :P ) :
int[] array = new int[]{1,2,3,4,5};

for (int bits = 0; bits < 32; ++bits) {  // bits < 2^5
    System.out.print("[");
    for (int i = 0; i < 5; ++i) {
       if ((bits & 1 << i) != 0)  {   // i-th bit is ON
           System.out.print(" " + array[i]);
       }
    }
    System.out.println(" ]");
}

above code should give you all combinations. It should be trivial to change to what you want to do (finding specific sum)

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text:
'The Simpsons Lego Spectacular' Plants Springfield in All-Brick Universe
By Laura Vitto 2014-05-01 18:38:14 UTC
Lego's partnership with America's favorite cartoon family will come full circle on May 4 with the premiere of The Simpsons Lego Spectacular.
Fox's Animation Domination unveiled the official trailer for Sunday's episode, titled "Brick Like Me," which imagines an alternate Simpsons universe made entirely of Lego bricks.
See also: 13 Diddly-Doo Details in the Lego 'Simpsons' House Set
The episode follows Lego Homer Simpson on one seemingly ordinary day that goes awry. After catching a rare glimpse into his alternate-universe life as a cartoon, Homer tries to get to the bottom of the mystery with the help of Lego Springfield's finest.
The Simpsons "Brick Like Me" airs at 8:00 p.m. ET on May 4.
BONUS: 'The Simpsons' Lego Set Time-Lapse
Topics: Entertainment, Television, Video, Videos, Culture, YouTube
Video: YouTube, Animation Domination


NFL CAREER – This seven-year NFL veteran has played in 85 career games for three teams (New Orleans, Tampa Bay and Minnesota), with 21 starts, totaling 148 tackles, three tackles for loss, 15 passes defensed, five interceptions and a forced fumble, along with 28 special teams stops and a forced fumble on coverage. Robinson also played in four postseason contests for the Vikings and Saints, registering two tackles and two special teams stops.
CAREER TRANSACTIONS – Re-signed by Saints, 1/1/19; Waived by Saints, 12/27/18; Signed by Saints, 10/4/18; Contract terminated by Buccaneers, 9/1/18; Re-signed by Buccaneers to a two-year contract, 3/13/17; Signed to a one-year contract by Buccaneers (UFA-Min.), 3/14/16; Activated from Reserve/PUP by Vikings, 11/11/15; Placed on Reserve/PUP list by Vikings, 8/31/15; Placed on injured reserve by Vikings, 12/14/13; Signed to a four-year contract by Vikings, 7/25/12; Selected by Vikings in the third round (66th overall) of the 2012 NFL Draft.
2018 – Played in 11 regular season games for the Saints where he recorded two solo tackles and four special teams stops and posted no statistics in two postseason games. 2017 – Elected as a Special Teams Captain by Bucs teammates. Played in 11 games, recording five tackles and a forced fumble on special teams. Played 13 snaps on special teams in opening win over Chicago, Sept. 17...Recorded a forced fumble on a kickoff return in finale vs. New Orleans, Dec. 31. 2016 – Played in all 16 games in his first season with Tampa Bay and recorded career-high 16 special teams tackles, posting two stops vs. Chicago, Nov. 13, at Kansas City, Nov. 20 and at Dallas, Dec. 18. 2015 – After starting on Reserve/PUP, played in five regular season games in his final season in Minnesota and posted two special teams tackles and added two solo defensive stops and a coverage tackle in NFC Wild Card Playoff vs. Seattle, 1/10/16. 2014 – Played in all 16 games, making five starts...second on team in interceptions (career-high three) and passes defensed (career-high 13)...Jumped a Shaun Hill pass in the season opener at St. Louis, Sept. 7 for first pick of season...Posted a career-high three passes defensed vs. Atlanta, Sept. 28, while snagging his second interception of the season late in the game...Tied his career-high with eight solo tackles at Chicago, Nov. 16...Third interception of season came vs. Carolina and Cam Newton, Nov. 30. 2013 – Started at LCB in first ten games...Placed on injured reserve, Dec. 14 (chest). Inactive for games at Green Bay, Nov. 24, vs. Chicago, Dec. 1 and at Baltimore, Dec. 8...Left game at Seattle, Nov. 17 (sternum)...Started opener at Detroit Sept. 8, notching four tackles, a QB hurry and forced fumble...Notched career-high 12 tackles vs. Pittsburgh, Sept. 29 vs. Pittsburgh at London... Had eight tackles and two passes defensed vs. Green Bay, Oct. 27. 2012 – Started six games in debut season, the second-most by a Vikings rookie defender behind Harrison Smith...Snared two of INTs, tied for second-most by a Viking...Saw action in all 16 games and the Wild Card playoff at Green Bay (1/5/13)... Grabbed first career interception off Alex Smith vs. San Francisco, Sept. 23 and notched a 24-yard return...Started first career game at Detroit, Sept. 30...Had second career interception vs. Chicago, Dec. 9, returning the ball 44 yards to set up an Adrian Peterson touchdown run. Saw spot duty as a kickoff return man, taking back three for 61 yards on season vs. Green Bay, Dec. 30, in regular season finale...Started at Detroit and next week vs. Tennessee, Oct. 7, at Seattle, Nov. 14 and in three straight games at Green Bay, Dec. 2, vs. Chicago, Dec. 9 and at St. Louis, Dec. 16...Started in place of Chris Cook when he spent six weeks on injured reserve before returning to lineup at Houston, Dec. 23...Had season-high eight tackles in first career start at Detroit, Sept. 30 with seven solo stops...Tied a season-high seven solos the following week vs. Tennessee, Oct. 7...Played in first career playoff game at Green Bay, 1/5/13.
COLLEGE – Started 35-of-38 games at the University of Central Florida from 2009-11, totaling 176 tackles, 36 passes defensed, ten interceptions returned for 147 yards, two touchdowns), two fumble recoveries returned for 56 yards, one brought back for a touchdown and one forced fumble…Earned first-team All-Conference USA as a junior and sophomore, while being named second-team All CUSA as a true freshman. His 10 interceptions were tied for fifth in UCF history. Notched 15 passes defensed as a junior (2011), tied for the second-most in a single season in school history. Recorded six interceptions as a true freshman (2009), setting a freshman record and tying for the second-most in a season in team history.


text:
Netflix Strikes Overall Deal With 'The House Of Flowers' Creator Manolo Caro & Sets Spanish Period Drama 'Someone Has To Die'
Peter White
International Co-Editor
@peterzwhite
More Stories By Peter
'Shadow Of Truth' Producer EGG Films Unveils First-Look At Israeli Serial Killer Doc Series 'The Coastal Road Killer'
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Apple's 'Carpool Karaoke: The Series' Heads Out On The Road For Third Season With 'Stranger Things' Cast
May 9, 2019 6:00am
Netflix has struck an overall deal with Mexican director Manolo Caro, creator of comedy drama The House of Flowers (La Casa de las Flores).
Caro, director of films including Tales of an Immoral Couple, will develop and produce new television projects for the service as part of the multi-year deal.
The first project as part of the agreement is Alguien Tiene Que Morir (Someone Has To Die), a three-part mini-series set in Spain in the 1950s. The show, which was created by Caro, written by Monika Revilla, Fernando Perez and Manolo Caro and produced by Rafael Ley, Maria Jose Cordova, Carlos Taibo and Manolo Caro. The series begins when a young man's parents summon him home from Mexico to introduce him to his bride-to-be, and people are shocked when he comes back with Lazaro, a mysterious ballet dancer. The group realizes that to stay one step ahead of the repressive government, someone will have to die.
Caro is currently working on the second and third season of The House of Flowers, which depicts a dysfunctional upper-class Mexican family that owns a prestigious flower shop.
"The great talent that Manolo Caro has for relevant, unique and personal stories, makes him one of the most interesting and playful voices of his generation. His creative vision transforms his work into mosaics of cultural and social richness that travel beyond the borders of Mexico, as seen in the success of The House of Flowers, which charmed audiences from Mexico City to the Netherlands," said Francisco Ramos, Vice President of International Originals for Latin America and Spain. "We are proud that Netflix is now the home of the House of Manolo Caro."
Caro added, "Being able to create universal content and do it with the greatest creative freedom are two compelling reasons to take this journey with Netflix. Over the next four years I have committed to telling stories in different languages and from different frontiers, but always speaking honestly about issues that are important to me. I thank the team at Netflix for having trusted me and Noc Noc Cinema to face this new challenge, which I define as a unique and invaluable opportunity at a key moment where constant changes are happening in the entertainment industry."
Someone Has To Die


The Motion to Transfer and Consolidate MDL No. 2804, now known as "National Prescription Opiate Litigation", was accepted by the JPML on September 29, 2017 see "JPML Motion to Consolidate Prescription Opiate Litigation as MDL 2804", with the apparent motion hearing date being November 30, 2017 at the Joint Panel on Multidistrict Litigation hearings in St Louis, Missouri. The consolidation motion was filed by Hill, Peterson, Carper, Bee & Dietzler, based in Charleston, WV. The filing is the long expected result of the ongoing "Opioid Crisis" which has seemingly overtaken many aspects of day to day life in America, with a particular emphasis on rural America. The many small towns and counties have seen unheard of increases in overdose deaths and 911 calls for drug overdoses, which have depleted budgets and caused ever mounting levels of grief for stricken families as well as tension in government council meetings everywhere, when attempting to address the crisis.
The consolidation filing is followed in the Mass Tort Nexus briefcase, "National Prescription Opiate Litigation MDL",as the motion directly cites the nation's three largest wholesalers of opiod drugs, McKesson Corporation, AmerisourceBergen Corporation and Cardinal Health, Inc. as well as naming primary drug makers Purdue Pharma, Teva, Cephalon, Janssen, Endo, Actavis and Mallinckrodt as defendants in certain actions. Opiate drug makers and their executives are now firmly in the sights of not only mass tort lawyers, but facing the full force of criminal investigation by the US Department of Justice in every state, as indictments have already been handed down in several federal venues. The MDL filing contains complaints that specifically reference RICO claims in many of the 66 federal actions cited in the motion, to be transferred into the JPML venue.
The opioid drug industry expanded in the 1990s in response to the medical community's push to better treat pain and chronic pain.
A primary focus is the how and why of , millions of opioid users became addicted to opioids, or heroin, after being prescribed the medication by doctors and the apparent failure of corporate executives to address the ever mounting evidence in light of the enormous profits, year in and year out.
Many doctors, in turn, said they were assured by the drugmakers that the opioids were less addictive or even not addictive, which in the civil matters will be a point of very high contention and potentially a focus of US DOJ investigators.
Some states have obtained consent decrees and financial penalties from drug makers, including Illinois, "My investigations have shown that drug companies pressure physicians into prescribing powerful, addictive drugs without regard for the law or patients' well-being," said Illinois Attorney General Lisa Madigan, who is also party to the new investigation.
Now, many state prosecutors say they will examine whether the industry was complicit in creating the epidemic and whether it should now be responsible for helping pay for the damage caused to many communities.
Allergan said it was "working cooperatively" with the attorneys generals on their requests for information. The other companies being investigated did not immediately issue statements, and industry lobbying group PhRMA didn't respond to a request for comment.
Primary allegations include "That the manufacturing companies pushed highly addictive, dangerous opioids, falsely representing to doctors that patients would only rarely succumb to drug addiction, while the distributors breached their legal duties to monitor, detect, investigate, refuse and report suspicious orders of prescription opioids:, which is applicable to all afflicted communities across the country.
From the extensive research by Mass Tort Nexus to date, it appears that this is just the tip of the litigation iceberg that will be brought against all levels of opiate pharmaceutical manufactures and affiliated distributors in the USA. Based on US Dept. of Justice criminal filings, the executive boardrooms are not exempt from indictments and criminal charges, as well as the many doctors, sale and marketing professionals and others who helped facilitate the current opioid crisis, which directly results in related civil and mass tort actions against all involved.
A Motion to Transfer and Consolidate the "National Prescription Opiate Litigation", was filed on September 25, 2017 see "JPML Motion to Consolidate Prescription Opiate Litigation", with the Joint Panel on Multidistrict Litigation. An MDL number designation has not been assigned as of Thursday the 28th, but the filing and designation are under JPML review. The motion was filed by Hill, Peterson, Carper, Bee & Dietzler, based in Charleston, WV. The filing is the long expected result of the ongoing "Opioid Crisis" which has seemingly overtaken many aspects of day to day life in America, with a particular emphasis on rural America. The many small towns and counties have seen unheard of increases in overdose deaths and 911 calls for drug overdoses, which have depleted budgets and caused ever mounting levels of grief for stricken families as well as tension in government council meetings everywhere, when attempting to address the crisis.
The consolidation filing is followed in the Mass Tort Nexus briefcase, "National Prescription Opiate Litigation MDL",as the motion directly cites the nation's three largest wholesalers of opioId drugs, McKesson Corporation, AmerisourceBergen Corporation and Cardinal Health, Inc. as well as naming primary drug makers Purdue Pharma, Teva, Cephalon, Janssen, Endo, Actavis and Mallinckrodt as defendants in certain actions. Opiate drug makers and their executives are now firmly in the sights of not only mass tort lawyers, but facing the full force of criminal investigation by the US Department of Justice in every state, as indictments have already been handed down in several federal venues. The MDL filing contains complaints that specifically reference RICO claims in many of the 66 federal actions cited in the motion, to be transferred into the JPML venue.
The pharmaceutical industry already faces dozens of lawsuits brought by cities, counties and states — including Ohio, Missouri and Oklahoma. Some are trying to recoup the costs incurred from the surge in emergency response from spikes in opioid-related overdoses. The strategy is reminiscent of the successful litigation brought by states and municipalities three decades ago against tobacco companies. The common understanding is that the "Opiate Rx Litigation MDL" and related lawsuits across the country, may equal or surpass the tobacco litigation in both scope and financial penalties paid by drug makers.
A primary focus is the how and why millions of opioid users became addicted to opioids, or heroin, after being prescribed the medication by doctors and the apparent failure of corporate executives to address the ever mounting evidence in light of the enormous profits, year in and year out.
Now, many state prosecutors say they will examine whether the industry as a whole, was complicit in creating the epidemic and whether it should now be responsible for helping pay for the damage caused to many communities.
Still, as the state attorneys general and other community leaders note, the slowdown in prescriptions has been offset by greater demand for cheaper alternatives such as heroin, now recognized by medical industry leaders, substance abuse professionals, law enforcement and now mass tort lawyers, as a primary direct result of the massive opioid prescription writing campaign for so many years.
Primary allegations include "That the manufacturing companies pushed highly addictive, dangerous opioids, falsely representing to doctors that patients would only rarely succumb to drug addiction, while the distributors breached their legal duties to monitor, detect, investigate, refuse and report suspicious orders of prescription opioid, which is applicable to all afflicted communities across the country.
From the extensive research by Mass Tort Nexus to date, it appears that this is just the tip of the litigation iceberg that will be brought against all levels of opiate pharmaceutical manufacturers and affiliated distributors in the USA. Based on US Dept. of Justice criminal filings, the executive suites and boardrooms are not exempt from indictments and criminal charges, as well as the many doctors, sale and marketing professionals and others who helped facilitate the current opioid crisis, which directly results in related civil and mass tort actions against all involved.
Here's a perfect example of how corporate greed and licensed medical providers helped create the now rampant US opioid crisis– how payments to doctors and prescribers across the country caused addictive painkillers, like "Subsys" a fentanyl based opioid, to suddenly rip through our country like a flash fire.
Xarelto MDL 2592 Judge Eldon Fallon ruled Tuesday September 19th at the close of motion hearings, that plaintiffs Joseph Orr and Joseph Boudreaux would not be granted new trials. The plaintiffs were on the losing side in the first two bellwether trials in the Xarelto multidistrict litigation versus Janssen and Bayer over claims that the blockbuster blood thinner Xarelto caused unstoppable bleeding, see Xarelto MDL 2592 Briefcase.
In denying the motions, Judge. Fallon once again stated that he "had given a lot of thought to these issues prior to trial, and I don't shoot from the hip" on such rulings and added "I realy feel the decisions I made were, made properly" refencing the prior Orr and Boudreaux trial rulings in the hearing transcripts, see Xarelto MDL Hearing Transcript Denying New Bellwether Trials. His hearing comments weer further clarified in the court's 9.22.2017 order where Judge Fallon outlined his prior trial rulings and the denial of new trials for Orr and Boudreaux, Judge Fallon 9.22.17 Order Denying Bellwether Retrials.
The main argument raised by plaintiffs related to exclusion from trial of data determined inadmissible by the court due to materials having international based information.
The court's decision to exclude evidence from a peer-reviewed publication was based on the false premise that the publication included foreign regulatory standards that could confuse the jury, Boudreaux counsel argued. The exclusion of this evidence influenced the jury to believe that no medical associations or peer-reviewed publications backed a diagnostic test that would determine whether emergency room patients had recently taken Xarelto, in their June filing for the retrial.
The court also should have allowed statements from foreign labels into evidence so that Boudreaux could demonstrate that foreign regulatory authorities back the prothrombin time test, Boudreaux also claimed in June. Boudreaux further argued the court's instructions to the jury were too broad, as they indicated the companies were required to disclose to patients only tests that were FDA approved, implying the companies weren't required to disclose a prothrombin time test that was not FDA approved.
Janssen issued a statement agreeing with the court ruling.
"We believe the court correctly denied plaintiff's motions for new trials and that the verdicts returned by the juries in Orr and Boudreaux were amply supported by the evidence," Janssen spokesperson Sarah Freeman said in a statement.
In a related case development, the fourth bellwether trial of William Henry, initially set for trial in October 2017 in the US District Court ND Texas has been continued until early 2018, William Henry vs. Janssen et al Complaint. Perhaps this long break between trials signals potential settlement discussions will begin.


Sugarcane belongs to bamboo family of plants and is indigenous to India. It is the main source of sugar, gur and khandsari. It was originally native to warm tropical regions of Asia, but after early civilizations found out about its usefulness it quickly spread. Sugarcane accounts for the largest value of production and holds an enviable position among all the commercial crops in India. About two-thirds of the total sugarcane produced in India is consumed for making gur and khandsari and only one third of it goes to sugar factories. After the extraction of the juice the fibrous mass left behind is used for making paper and sound insulating board. In sugarcane production ratooning is also followed. A ratoon crop is the second or any other successive crop obtained from the roots left over in the field from the first crop.


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Councilors learn about opiate epidemic and CHANGE
Ruidoso Village council is appointed to the CHANGE board
Dianne L Stallings, Ruidoso News
Anyone can be trained to administer naloxone in a drug overdose situation
A local business owner stood in front of the Ruidoso council chambers Tuesday and told about his son, who is addicted to opiates.
"My son started his addiction in grade school," he said. "His mother, who is an alcoholic, sent him here when he was 11. She kicked him out and said she couldn't handle him. I told him there are lots of cliques and to get into sports and don't pay attention to (marijuana) smokers, because that can lead to a lot of things.
"He threw it right back to me and said you smoked pot and I said yes and I had three failed marriages, drove rusty Subarus and I lived paycheck to paycheck, and it doesn't work."
The man was telling his story to illustrate to councilors the need for an organization such as CHANGE to help educate the public, promote treatment programs and help fund a supply of naloxone, a drug that can save someone who has overdosed if administered in time. The aim is to ensure that all first responders, those within addiction circles and even the children of addicted parents have doses on hand in case of an overdose.
The father said despite his efforts to channel his son's interest toward sports, the boy still fell in with the wrong crowd. When he was caught with marijuana in his system, he turned to prescription opiates, which only linger five days. The boy told his father that a 17-year-old at school was selling his parents' pills for $10 to $20 a pop.
"My son got hooked and so many others got hooked," the father said. "I talked to clients about my son and they would open up about their granddaughter or niece or son. They were people from Texas and local. You can point the blame at so many things, but how do we get through to the kids. How can we make them understand that their money goes to cartels that could care less about their lives."
When his son was released from rehab in July, he told his father about a disabled veteran, who had a prescription for 280 opiate tablets and would sell 200 at $20 a piece "in the casinos and everywhere else" and keep 80 for himself.
"I gave him chances, but I also was there to call his probation officer for (an early test for opiates in his system)," the father said. The test was positive and he went to jail. Just a few days later, a 23-year old man died of an overdose and another one died soon after, he said.
He asked the audience and experts for help in sending the message to students. He said in Mexico, posters are displayed with decapitated bodies and "blood and guts."
"They're not afraid of political correctness," he said. "Try to tell those who lost their children that it's not so bad here. I see grandparents raising their grandkids, because their children are hurting somewhere. How do we get through to the kids and the doctors. But once you take (opiates access) away through a doctor, an addict will do anything, lie, cheat and steal to get some, and then there is heroin."
Mayor Tom Battin said he heard that morning on a national network that in the United States, more die of overdoses in one month than were killed in the 9-11 disaster in New York City.
Sergio Castro, juvenile probation district supervisor through the state Children Youth and Families Department and part of the Community Healing Addictions Through Network Guidance and Education program known as CHANGE, asked Battin to appoint a representative to the organization's board. Lincoln County Commissioner Dallas Draper already serves on the board and there are representatives from Region IX Cooperative Education and the state Department of Health. Battin selected Mayor Protem Lynn Crawford to serve.
"The CHANGE organization isn't just about Narcan (the commercial name for naloxone used to treat overdoses)," Draper said later. "It is about information, education and prevention, and giving people of all ages and demographics a chance to change."
The initiative was put together by the Lincoln County Community Health Council about a year ago when three overdose deaths occurred and community meetings were conducted. Castro said.
"We're trying to increase public awareness and to reach children early and outside of the schools," he said, as well as ensure a supply of naloxone.
Addiction to prescription drugs that contain opiates is a national epidemic, Castro said.
"In our community in the last six months, we've had four people die of overdoses and for a small community, that's a lot," he said. "New Mexico unfortunately has ranked as the top one or two in the nation as far as opiate deaths per capita. In 2014, we had over 47,000 people died of overdoses, the majority because of opiates. It's kind of like wiping out the population of Roswell or Alamogordo."
According to a report to the Senate Caucus on International Narcotics Control, the number of prescriptions for opiates have escalated from about 76 million in 1991 to nearly 207 million in 2013, with the United States the biggest consumer globally at 80 percent. While some of that increase can be attributed to a growing emphasis on pain control for injuries and chronic conditions, addiction is a major part of the equation.
"In New Mexico, 82 prescriptions are written for every 100 residents of the state," Castro said. "In Mexico, heroin production and distribution has grown from 8 metric tons to 50 metric tons between 2005 and 2009. When they can't get their prescriptions anymore, they are turning to heroin."
"Each day 580 people use heroin for the first time and each day about 78 people die from an opiate overdose," he said.
Addictions touch every single person in some way, he said.
The governor signed a bill last week to make it mandatory for all law enforcement to carry naloxone, although no money was budgeted for the supply. The cost ranges from $50 to $100 a vial, which is administered as a nasal spray.
A representative from the state Department of Health presented statistics showing that Lincoln County in opiate overdose death rates exceeds the state and national rate per capita. "That shows a lot of intervention needs to happen to rectify this."
Naloxone is used to counter the effects of any opiate, he said. It will not reverse other substances such as methamphetamines, barbiturates or sleeping pills. After 30 minutes to 90 minutes, it wears off and that's why 9!! should be called, he said. When inmates are released from jail who have drug issues, they are given two doses of naloxone to carry and education on how to use the nasal spray application.
The key message is when a person comes out of overdose, this creates another chance for them to get the help they need, he said.
The department has a certification program for working with naloxone, but anyone can carry the anti-overdose dosage. Law enforcement officers need to carry doses, because deputes especially go out 30 miles or more and if they find someone in overdose, they can save an hour and a half of delay, he said.
Michael Richardson, infectious disease nurse with the state health department, said he covers eight counties that include Lincoln and is tasked to do 20-minute training sessions on naloxone. People also can receive the dosage and training at a pharmacy, he said.
"Anyone with prescription medication, the best practice is for the physician to write a prescription to be trained on naloxone," he said. "The youngest I've trained was 10-years old. When he came home, he found his mom in overdose state. It is sprayed up the nose and is a benign medication."


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Pargnan este o comună în departamentul Aisne din nordul Franței. În 2004 avea o populație de 62 de locuitori.

Note

Vezi și
 Lista comunelor din Aisne

Comune din Aisne


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Fake Titles
Real Titles
Baronage Interview
Unreal Titles
Unreal Titles 2
Elite Titles
Lord of the Manor
English Feudal Titles
The Eager Beaver
British Feudal Inv
Manor Titles
GVS Consult Inc
Peerage Conferred
Prestige Titles
PT Club
Manorial Titles
Regal Titles
Eparchy of Nebraska
Principality of Sealand
Royal Dominion BVI
Advice from America
Mud Slinging
Threats of Action
Blacker v Beaver
Strutt & Parker
A Valid Title Or Not?
Not A Valid Title
Press Article
The Manorial Society
Worldly Wise Web
Borsseler, Pieter; Sir Orlando Bridgeman (1609-1674), 1st Bt; National Trust, Chirk Castle;
The first and most important fact that needs to be grasped is that you cannot purchase a genuine British title, with the one exception of the feudal title of a Scottish baron; and you certainly cannot buy a peerage title.
In Britain the Sovereign has always traditionally been the sole person to grant titles, though in the last couple of centuries, this has very much been at the instigation of the Government of the day. The title (except in the case of Baronets or Knights) confers the right on the recipient to sit in the House of Lords, and pass on the title to his nearest male heir.
While it is impossible to fathom completely the process by which titles and other honours are awarded by the Government in the twice a year Honours List – at New Year and on the Queen's Birthday – basically it is for achievement in many different forms: in business, politics, public service, charitable work, help to the community or commitment to their job.
In 1958 the British Government – a Conservative one – introduced the first radical reform of the system, by passing the Life Peerages Act. Though Life Peerages had existed for centuries, mainly given to women, this granted all the privileges of a hereditary peer on a life peer, or Life Baron or Baroness to be more correct, including the right to sit in the House of Lords, and for their children to be addressed as 'The Honourable'.
In 1997 the Labour Party came to power with a commitment in their Manifesto to remove the right of Hereditary Peers to sit in the House of Lords, and in 1999 this was duly enacted; with the exception of 92 who were allowed to stay, but with no guarantee of how long for, and further ten who were granted Life Peerages because of the positions that they had occupied in the House of Lords previously.
The highest ranking Hereditary Title is that of 'Duke', followed by a 'Marquess' (sometimes spelt by Scots in the French way as Marquis), 'Earl', 'Viscount' and lastly a 'Baron'; the last four are usually personally addressed both in normal speech and on paper as Lord, but not a Duke, he is much grander!
The most common title is that of a Knight, however, this means that you can call yourself Sir in front of your name, and is only for your lifetime; the equivalent for a woman is a Dame.
Just to confuse you further, there is also the title of Baronet, which is hereditary and means that you put Sir in front of your name, and Bt at the end, but the best places to find out more are on Hereditary Titles and also the website of The Standing Council of the Baronetage.
(The picture at the top of the page is of Sir Orlando Bridgeman, my ancestor and 1st Baronet, he was Lord Keeper of the Great Seal of England to Charles the Second, before being removed from his post for refusing to grant pensions to the Royal Mistresses)
Copyright © 2021 Fake Titles


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Geoffrey Willans
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English writer
Herbert Geoffrey Willans, RNVR, (4 February 1911 - 6 August 1958), an English author and journalist, is best known as the creator of Nigel Molesworth, the "goriller of 3B" and "curse of St. Custard's", as in the four books with illustrations by Ronald Searle.
Willans was born in Smyrna (now Izmir) in Turkey, where his father was a superintendent of the Ottoman Aidan Railway.[1]
He was educated at Blundells School in Tiverton, and became a schoolmaster there. He enjoyed sailing in small boats. During the Second World War he took part in the Greek campaign and the Battle of Crete in the Eastern Mediterranean, serving on the corvette HMS Peony. He later joined the carrier HMS Formidable.[2]
Molesworth first appeared in Punch[3] in 1939, and later became the protagonist and narrator of four books: Down with Skool! (1953), How to be Topp (1954), Wizz for Atomms (1956) and, after Willans's death, Back in the Jug Agane (1959). All four were collected in The Compleet Molesworth. Comic misspellings, erratic capitalisation and schoolboy slang are threads running through all the books.
According to Ronald Searle in his obituary of Willans in The Times: "His cunning was more refined than Bunter... Willans was delighted that schoolmasters, far from feeling publicly disrobed, were in fact giving away his books as end of school prizes."[4]
Willans wrote other books as well. A review in The Times described his novel The Whistling Arrow (1957) as having a futuristic aeroplane as the 'heroine'; "It is his apparent strength in writing about planes and the people that flew them." The reviewer compared it with one of Evelyn Waugh's earlier novels.[5] The idea of a 'whistling arrow' was popularised by the Walt Disney Studio film The Story of Robin Hood, starring Richard Todd, where arrows that whistled were used as signals between Robin and his outlaw band.
Willans also co-wrote the screenplay for the film The Bridal Path (1959), which starred George Cole, but he died of a heart attack[6] in London at the age of 47 before the film was released. He also wrote a number of other, mostly humorous, books, including The Dog's Ear Book (also with Searle), My Uncle Harry (an exploration of the British gentlemen's club), Fasten Your Lapstraps! (an account of the early days of intercontinental flight) and Admiral on Horseback (a more serious one about the Royal Navy).
Down with Skool! A Guide to School Life for Tiny Pupils and their Parents (1953)
How to be Topp: A Guide to Sukcess for Tiny Pupils, Including All There is to Kno about Space (1954)
Whizz for Atomms: A Guide to Survival in the 20th Century for Fellow Pupils, their Doting Maters, Pompous Paters and Any Others who are Interested (1956)
Published in the U.S. as Molesworth's Guide to the Atomic Age
Back in the Jug Agane (1959)
The Compleet Molesworth (1958)
Molesworth (2000 Penguin reprint), ISBN 0-14-118600-3
Shallow Dive (1934)
Romantic Manner (1936)
One Eye on the Clock (1943)
Admiral on Horseback (1954)
The Wit of Winston Churchill (1954), with Charles Roetter
Fasten Your Lapstraps! A Guide for All Those who Wing the World in Super-comfort and Super-luxury in Super-aeroplanes (1955)
Crisis Cottage (1956)
My Uncle Harry (1957)
The Whistling Arrow (1957)
Peter Ustinov (1957)
The Dog's Ear Book (1958)
^ Wendy Cope, Introduction to "The Compleet Molesworth", Folio Society Edition, London, 2007, citing Willans' nephew, Robin Gilbert
^ Obituary, The Times, 9 August 1958
^ https://www.lrb.co.uk/v22/n04/thomas-jones/swete-lavender
^ The Times, 12 September 1957
^ http://ahistoryblog.com/2012/11/26/geoffrey-willans-1911-1958-as-any-ful-kno/
Geoffrey_Willans


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'); // MOVE THE RANGE OF LI'S TO THE COLUMN UL $(".gb-custom-column.column-" + (i + 1), this).append($(liSelector + ":nth-child(n+1):nth-child(-n+" + endRange + ")", this)); } } // HIDE THE ORIGINAL UL $(ulSelector, this).hide(); }); }, "GlobalIcons": function() { $("#gb-global-icons").creativeIcons({ "iconNum" : "6", "defaultIconSrc": "", "icons" : [ { "image": "Education Portal/13.png", "showText": true, "text": "FOCUS", "url": "/focus", "target": "_blank" }, { "image": "Information Technology/40.png", "showText": true, "text": "ClassLink", "url": "/classlink", "target": "_blank" }, { "image": "Student Program/15.png", "showText": true, "text": "Meals", "url": "/meals", "target": "_blank" }, { "image": "Student Program/12.png", "showText": true, "text": "Transportation", "url": "/Page/260", "target": "_self" }, { "image": "Site Utility/37.png", "showText": true, "text": "Calendar", "url": "/Page/18", "target": "_self" }, { "image": "Communication/52.png", "showText": true, "text": "Contact Us", "url": "/contactus", "target": "_self" } ], "siteID" : "12", "siteAlias" : "SouthsideElementary", "calendarLink" : "", "contactEmail" : "infotech@mybradford.us", "allLoaded" : function(){ } }); }, "SocialIcons": function() { var socialIcons = [ { "show": true, "label": "Facebook", "class": "facebook", "url": "https://www.facebook.com/EducateBradford/", "target": "_blank" }, { "show": true, "label": "Twitter", "class": "twitter", "url": "https://twitter.com/educatebradford?lang=en", "target": "_blank" }, { "show": false, "label": "YouTube", "class": "youtube", "url": "#", "target": "_self" }, { "show": false, "label": "Instagram", "class": "instagram", "url": "#", "target": "_self" }, { "show": false, "label": "LinkedIn", "class": "linkedin", "url": "#", "target": "_self" }, { "show": false, "label": "Pinterest", "class": "pinterest", "url": "#", "target": "_self" }, { "show": false, "label": "Flickr", "class": "flickr", "url": "#", "target": "_self" }, { "show": false, "label": "Peachjar", "class": "peachjar", "url": "#", "target": "_self" }, { "show": false, "label": "Vimeo", "class": "vimeo", "url": "#", "target": "_self" }, { "show": false, "label": "RSS", "class": "rss", "url": "#", "target": "_self" } ]; var icons = ''; $.each(socialIcons, function(index, icon) { if(icon.show) { icons += '
Principal's Vision
My name is Chris Beard and I have a Bachelor of Science degree in elementary education and a Masters of Science degree in Educational Leadership/Administration, both from the Florida State University. I have served various roles in public education for 20 years. Although most of my career has been in elementary schools, I also have administrative experience working in middle school, high school, and an alternative school. I am really looking forward to working with the staff at Southside Elementary School to provide a high-quality education for our students and to ensure they become lifelong learners.
Our goals for this school year are to work closely with representatives from LSI (Learning Sciences International) and to focus our efforts on meeting the individual needs of our students in reading, mathematics, and science to enhance our academic performance on the Florida Standards Assessments. Mirroring the mission in our School Improvement Plan, I strongly believe that it is the mission of the faculty, staff, parents, community, along with all other stakeholders to value and embrace consistent, real-world learning and growth that will result in all students' success. We will ensure that students, regardless of individual background, are provided opportunities for achievement while fostering excellence through academics and relationships.
Personally, I am a father of two children. My son, Christopher, is now 26 years old and my daughter, Rhiannon, is sixteen years old and a junior in high school. In my spare time, I enjoy fishing, playing golf, anything outdoors, and spending time with my dog, Max.
Southside Documents
823 Stansbury StreetStarke, Fl 32091


NTC Architects were engaged by Monash University to undertake a Concept Design to redesign the entry to Ten North Student Lounge. The concept was to reinvigorate the adjacent Northern Plaza with fixed occasional seating, giant fabricated solar steel trees for shading and integrated LED lighting and a giant screen for public gatherings. We wanted to populate and inhabit the Entry and Northern Plaza as a destination as opposed to a transient space.


In recent years, there has been a huge buzz around LINE FRIENDS and it's no surprise given how adorable the LINE characters are.
Well, LINE FRIENDS has released an adorable collection to celebrate Valentine's Day this year and we are head over heels in love with the entire range. Scroll ahead to find out more!
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And if you prefer black tops, LINE has a pair of matching black tops for you.
Carry a piece of Brown and Friends with you by having one of these on your phone.
This collection has been made available and you can purchase it here. Know anyone who will love this collection? Share this post with them!


Captain Marvel actress Brie Larson is reportedly being approached by Disney to star in the Snow White spinoff film, Rose Red, as the title character.
Disney is developing a live-action version of Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs with new music from the La La Land songwriting duo.
Disney is developing a live-action movie about Snow White's sister, Rose Red, based on a pitch from the writer of Snow White and the Huntsman.
There's no one better at making magical movies than Disney - so why start from scratch when they can just reuse the same animations?
Kristen Stewart is reportedly set to return for the 'Snow White and the Huntsman' sequel/spinoff. However, director Rupert Sanders will not be back.
Universal is moving ahead with a followup to 'Snow White and the Huntsman'. The sequel is being written by David Koepp (Spider-Man) and will reportedly focus more on the Huntsman (Chris Hemsworth).
Walt Disney Pictures has indefinitely delayed the martial arts flick 'Order of the Seven', starring Saoirse Ronan (Hanna). Read on to learn more about the project, which was inspired by 'Snow White'.
There is much to see in today's roundup of 'Snow White and the Huntsman' material, including new clips from the film and behind-the-scenes video of the movie's epic production.
Universal Pictures may recruit David Koepp (Jurassic Park, Spider-Man) to pen a sequel to 'Snow White and the Huntsman', with the intention of bringing back Rupert Sanders to direct.
Check out the latest international trailer and TV spot for 'Snow White and the Huntsman', which proclaims 'This is no fairy tale.' Judging by the footage, that's an accurate statement.
The latest batch of 'Snow White and the Huntsman' images - along with the French poster - offers a better look at the dark fairy tale adventure's main players.


Aircraft after-market service provider AerFin has this been ranked eighth on the Sunday Times Virgin Atlantic Fast Track 100 – the third consecutive year that the company has been in the top 10.
The tremendous growth of the company is attributed to AerFin's increased specialised support of its growing global customer base. Its BeyondPool programme was launched earlier this year, a programme that offers a fixed-cost solution to cover all component requirements of Embraer E-Jets and has been selected by a numerous airlines, most notably BA CityFlyer.
"It's an honour to be recognised yet again in the FastTrack 100 list for AerFin's continued success. I would like to thank our employees, our partners, our investors, and of course, our clients for helping us achieve this outstanding recognition for the third year in a row.
"Our primary focus has always been the needs of our clients. By focusing on meeting their needs better than anyone else, we have seen exponential growth. I'm honoured to be a part of a group of companies that continue to showcase the best that the UK has to offer in terms of talent, skilled services and world-class reputation. Together, we continue to position the UK at the forefront of entrepreneurial spirit and industrial expertise.
"We are looking forward to taking AerFin even further in 2019. The success of our new services, such as the BeyondPool support programme, our recruitment drive and ever-expanding international customer base, all serve to strengthen AerFin's position as a market leader in aftermarket solutions for operators, MROs and OEMs alike.
Caerphilly-based AerFin supports aircraft operators and lessors by offering whole asset and component leasing solutions, technical consulting and trading and supply of equipment from entire aircraft through to components.


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/Propaganda in /united States in...
Propaganda in /united States in First World War
Essay by Stella • March 25, 2012 • Research Paper • 1,325 Words (6 Pages) • 1,827 Views
Essay Preview: Propaganda in /united States in First World War
I examined the use of propaganda in the United States during the First World War and how it was similar to the propaganda used in George Orwell's novel 1984. According to Alfred McLung Lee, "propaganda is opinion expressed for the purpose of influencing actions of individuals."(Lee, 62) This systematic manipulation of people occurred in the novel. The centralized government used slogans to control everyone's mind. It also occurred in a democratic country namely, the United States in the onset of World War 1.
Woodrow Wilson was re-elected as a so-called peace candidate in 1916. Yet after elected he changed his opinion and manipulated his countrymen into joining the war with intense propaganda. According to the pacifist, Randolph Bourne, pro war propaganda was rampant. He wrote "the murmurs became monotonous chant and finally a chorus so mighty that to be out of it was at first disreputable, and finally, almost obsene." (Bourne,2)
In the novel, 1984 ,the government manipulated and controlled the people through four ministries, The Ministry of Peace, The Ministry of Plenty, The Ministry of Love and the Ministry of Truth. The main character of the novel, Winston Smith, worked at the Ministry of Truth. This was an ironic name as his job was to revise the history of Oceana to coincide with the current needs of the government. In this society, people who disagreed with the state were not only killed, their entire existence was eliminated from official records. The point of this was for the government to manipulate the people by controlling the information available.
In the United States the government tried to control the information as well through different forms of propaganda. On April 13, 1917, President Wilson created the Committee on Public Information (CPI). This organization's purpose was to promote the war domestically while publicizing American war aims abroad. George Creel led this operation. He elicited help from leaders in business, media, and the arts. They utilized modern advertising techniques along with knowledge of human psychology to manipulate the public and promote U.S. involvement in WW1.
Creel led CPI and developed voluntary guidelines for news media. He also helped pass the Espionage Act of 1917 as well as the Sedition Act of 1918. The news media complied with these guidelines in order to stay in the government's good favour. In America, the CPI used the media to outsource its message. Whereas, in the novel, the government was the media and continually repeated it's unified message to people. In the United States the CPI had 19 divisions to cover all forms of media. The Division of News distributed more than 6000 press releases a year. CPI also created the Division of Syndicated Features that recruited writers to present the official message in their artistic written materials. As well as this, The Division of Civic and Educational Cooperation used scholars to write pamphlets of pro war.
Posters were used to relay messages. The colours were usually patriotic and bold. Here is an example of a poster used to manipulate through nationalistic pride.
Posters were also used in the novel. In Oceana huge billboards were covered with posters that said 'Big Brother is Watching You.' (Orwell, 5). This had a duo meaning. The first was that everyone is being watched and must obey. The second meaning was that life is fearsome but in Oceana the people can relax as the government is watching over everyone keeping them safe.
In the United States, The film industry was even infiltrated. The Division of Films appealed to producers to increase their respectability by helping the government's wartime goals. In an editorial printed in The Motion Picture News it was proclaimed that, "every individual at work in this industry
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Q: Use Regex in Javascript to get the filename in a URL I'm using JavaScript to try and get the filename from the URL.
I can get it using this:
var fn=window.location.href.match(/([^/])+/g);
alert(fn[fn.length-1]); // get the last element of the array

but is there an easier way to get it (e.g., without having to use fn[fn.length-1]
Thanks!!

A: Add a $ at the end so you only get the last part:
window.location.href.match(/[^/]+$/g);

A: Personally, I try to use simple string manipulation for easy tasks like this. It makes for more readable code (for a person not very familiar with RegEx).
var url = window.location.pathname;
var filename = url.substring(url.lastIndexOf('/')+1);

Or simply:
var filename = window.location.pathname.substring(window.location.pathname.lastIndexOf('/')+1);

Additional Information
Not that it matters for something so trivial, but this method is also more performant than RegEx: http://jsperf.com/get-file-name

A: How about:
window.location.href.match(/\/([^/]+)$/)[1];

A: you can use .pop() to get the last element of an array;
alert(fn.pop());

A: There is a jQuery plugin that makes it easy to parse URLs and provide access to their different parts. One of the things it does is return the filename. Here's the plugin on GitHub:
https://github.com/allmarkedup/jQuery-URL-Parser
I would recommend using that and avoid reinventing the wheel. Regular expressions is an area of programming where this is particularly applicable.

A: I recommend to also remove any '#' or '?' string, so my answer is:
var fn = window.location.href.split('/').pop().replace(/[\#\?].*$/,'');
alert(fn);

split('/').pop() removes the path
replace(/[\#\?].*$/,'') replace '#' or '?' until the end $ by empty string