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27 April, 2011 ▪ Zhanna Bezpiatchuk
Belarusian Bind
Vyacheslav Sivchyk: "Belarusians are treated as people who don't have any influence in their own country"
Commenting on the recent terrorist attack in Minsk, Vyacheslav Sivchyk, one of the founders of the Belarusian Popular Front and now the leader of the Razom (Together) solidarity movement, said: "Only the government can do something like that in Belarus. No one else could arrange a bomb explosion. It may have had something to do with Putin's visit to Kyiv order to scare Yanukovych. It makes no sense for the opposition to do it. Those who participated in the December protests are still on trial. [Aleksandr] Lukashenko may use the attack to introduce a state of emergency." Sivchyk breaks off for a phone call to make sure that no relatives were present at the October station at the time of the explosion. We are talking about the realities of a contemporary Belarus.
There is a widespread myth in Ukraine that people in Belarus have a good life. Let me tell you how they really live.We rank second in Europe, after Russia, in the number of convicts, and we have Europe's largest police force. Last year, nearly 30,000 Belarusians were convicted, but less than 1,000 cases were reviewed. The number of reviews in any European country is 10-20 times higher. Once a person finds himself under the bulldozer, there is nothing he can do. Most of those convicted are simple people – the government wants to scare them. They have to be forced to participate in the elections, even though everybody knows that there are no elections as such. The government doesn't want them to protest against Lukashenko. What do these figures mean? If we did not have a dictatorship, we would not find the population of an entire city being put behind bars every year.
Thinking lawyers are barred from legal practice. The system of independent attorneys was destroyed in 1999. Since then, all attorneys have had to work for the state. Just like in Soviet times, there can be no attorney on the district level who does not serve Lukashenko. Of course there are normal lawyers, but they are under pressure. For example, after December 19 (when the peaceful demonstration following the presidential election was dispersed. — Ed.) five attorneys were disbarred for protesting the fact that they had not been allowed access for several months to their defendants who were being held in the KGB's pretrial detention units.
Lukashenko's dictatorship is full of lies and it is evil and brazen. In the past decade, several thousand people were framed by law enforcement agencies and convicted in administrative cases.Opposition activists are put in prison not for their political activity, but for things like "swearing in public." I was arrested three times myself. And it all took place in the presence of eyewitnesses. Then the police came; the eyewitnesses testified that I had disturbed the peace; and based on this false testimony I was put in prison for 10 days or had to pay a fine. My first case of this type was in 2007. Vintsyuk Vyachorka (the leader of the BNF. – Ed.) was arrested at the same time, and despite the fact that we were in different places, one and the same policemen testified against us. Back then I "relieved myself in the city center." Many civic activists and opposition members have gone through these kinds of trials. For a long time now Lukashenko has been humiliating the police.
We don't recognize Lukashenko as president. This is true of the entire opposition, not just me. The Belarusian opposition is unanimous about the problem of political prisoners and Lukashenko's illegitimacy. Under the statutes of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, I would be able to defend myself if I were a nobleman, but under Belarusian laws, I have no rights. The prosecution demanded 20 years in prison for one of my acquaintances. He ended up with five years and two months. First they charged him with "terrorism," but the state security guys got mixed up – they accused him of bringing in grenade launchers which in the Soviet army were used only for defensive purposes. General Frolov was summoned and he told them that this kind of "terrorism" was impossible from a technical standpoint.
Everyone who comes to Belarus praises its cleanness. They say Pyongyang is cleaner. I live in downtown Minsk and see what it takes to have this kind of cleanness. A large number of people sweep the streets every night. They are paid peanuts and have no other jobs. I'm talking about Minsk. In small towns, companies in the housing and communal services sector are easily their last refuge.
Lukashenko himself boasts of bowing down to no one. It was under his rule that Russia gradually "swallowed" Belarus. Starting from July 1, Belarusians will not be able to import any cars except those made in Russia. More specifically, they will be able to import other cars, but only after paying an exorbitant duty higher than the cost of the car itself. Belarus is an insignificant producer but at the same time one of the biggest exporters of arms. In other words, it resells Russian arms, primarily to regimes Russia is afraid to deal with. Of course, these schemes are backed by high-ranking Russian officials. Furthermore, Lukashenko's economy is completely tied to Russia. All of our products are geared toward the Russian Federation, with the exception of the oil products we sell to the West (and even here the oil still comes from Russia).
Moscowsupported Lukashenko in the most recent election. Although we don't know what the Putin-Medvedev-Lukashenko agreement includes, one gets the impression that it is about a number of Belarusian companies. First of all, these include MAZ (Putin spoke about KrAZ-MAZ on his last visit), Belaruskali, and the oil and chemical plants in Novopolotsk. More significant concessions are also possible. Belarus is now an ordinary khanate and Belarusians are treated as people who don't have any influence in their own country. In elections to the National Assembly all candidates win in the first round with the same number of votes regardless of the region. In local elections as few as seven opposition representatives made it to the local councils. Now, think about how many village councils a country has.
Lukashenko still has the guts to ask: Why are my children on the no-entry list in Europe?His son Viktor is in charge of all law-enforcement agencies, while his son Dmitry holds offices in a number of government agencies. They are also responsible for the outrage taking place in Belarus. Lukashenko's idiocy has assumed such incredible proportions that he is nicknamed "Kolya's Father." Kolya, Lukashenko's youngest son, has already met many presidents and at one point even gave a Russian ABC book to the Pope.
Ukrainehas a different policy on Belarusian issues than the civilized world. Ukrainian Prime Minister Mykola Azarov decided not to sign the Visegrad group statement that denounced the December repressions and for some reason President Yanukovych believes Lukashenko was indeed voted in by a majority. In his interview to the Polish mass media before his visit to Warsaw, he at least acknowledged that Lukashenko had gone too far, but why did he decide to voice a version of events not recognized by Europe? Polish Foreign Minister Radoslaw Sikorski said – relying on independent studies – that Lukashenko got 30–40% of the vote. What Yanukovych said completely fits in with the Russian approach. It would be very important for us if Ukraine held the same position as the civilized world, rather than Russia, Libya or Venezuela.
Vyacheslav Sivchyk
1962 – born in Minsk.
1984– earned his diploma from the Geography Faculty at the Belorusian State University.
1984–1997– worked as a geologist in Georgia and Belarus.
1991– member of the council of the Belarusian Popular Front.
1998–1999– head of the Parliamentarianism Advocates Association.
1998–present – editor-in-chief of the Kirmash bulletin.
Sivchyk is one of the initiators of the Youth Front and For the Revival of Motherland women's movement. He was one of the organizers of the Chornobyl Way and Freedom Day campaigns.
2009– head of the Razom (Together) civil movement.
Related publications:
Collective farm system
Belarus and Poland: a difficult balance
A "Smuggler Hub" or Honest Work?
Belarus: Leaving Russia
The Pit of Fear
Can the Clock Be Set Back?
1937-style Repressions Back In Belarus?
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Related by subject
Massive arrests of opposition activists start in Belarus
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day before yesterday,
14 January,
Russia 'very likely' to invade Ukraine without 'enormous sanctions' – Schiff
House intelligence chair: invasion might draw Nato closer Sanctions must be 'at level Russia has never seen' to deter Putin
4 January,
Ukraine crisis: how Putin feeds off anger over Nato's eastward expansion
Russian president's attention-seeking diplomatic demands speak to long-held grievances
27 December, 2021,


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[IN PHOTOS] IPL 2020, RCB vs DC, Match 55: Royal Challengers Bangalore vs Delhi Capitals
TN Sports Desk
Updated Nov 02, 2020 | 22:54 IST
The 55th match of IPL 2020 was held between Royal Challengers Bangalore and Delhi Capitals at the Sheikh Zayed Stadium, Abu Dhabi, where DC won by 6 wickets. Scroll down to see the photos.
(Photo Credit : ANI)
In the 55th match of this year's Indian Premier League (IPL), Virat Kohli-led Royal Challengers Bangalore (RCB) locked horns with David Warner's Shreyas Iyer's Delhi Capitals (DC) at the Sheikh Zayed Stadium, Abu Dhabi on November 02 (Monday). Iyer won the toss and chose to bowl first as RCB posted a score of 152 on the board. In response, Delhi achieved the target in the 18th over and won the game by 6 wickets.
Seen here, RCB-skipper Virat Kohli clicked while playing a shot in today's IPL match.
Clicked on the lens, DC bowler Ravichandran Ashwin celebrating the wicket of RCB-skipper Virat Kohli in today's match.
Seen here, players of Delhi Capitals celebrating the dimissal of an RCB player.
Devdutt Padikkal of Royal Challengers Bangalore was the highest run-scorer for his team as he made 50 runs off 41 balls.
Clicked on the lens, DC's Prithvi Shaw as he got clean bowled against RCB during today's match.
Delhi Capitals' Shikhar Dhawan made 54 runs off only 41 balls.
DC player Ajinkya Rahane was the highest run-scorer for his team as he made 60 runs in 46 balls. His knock was laced with 5 fours and 1 six.
MORE SPORTS PHOTO GALLERY
[IN PHOTOS] IPL 2020, MI vs DC, Final match: Mumbai Indians vs Delhi Capitals
[IN PHOTOS] IPL 2020, DC vs SRH, Qualifier 2: Delhi Capitals vs Sunrisers Hyderabad
[IN PHOTOS] IPL 2020, SRH vs MI, Match 56: Sunrisers Hyderabad vs Mumbai Indians
India Latest News, Breaking News Today, Top News Headlines | Times Now

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Жигровець () — населений пункт у Хорватії, у Вараждинській жупанії у складі громади Светий Ілія.

Населення
Населення за даними перепису 2011 року становило 211 осіб.

Динаміка чисельності населення поселення:

Клімат
Середня річна температура становить 10,04 °C, середня максимальна – 23,65 °C, а середня мінімальна – -5,78 °C. Середня річна кількість опадів – 888 мм.

Примітки

Населені пункти Хорватії

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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From San Francisco to Paris to the Northwest Territories of Canada, sacred spaces ring with music for Grace Cathedral livestream concert
Blog|Art Processors
Art Processors is partnering with Grace Cathedral to produce TILT, a concert series with contributions spanning cultures, countries and communities. Held each year on the universally-celebrated summer solstice, the event will resonate loudly in 2021 as many nations emerge from the darkness of the global COVID-19 pandemic.
Never before has it been possible to travel in one day to hear music at Grace Cathedral in San Francisco, Chicago Sinai, Notre-Dame Cathedral in Paris, and the wild landscapes of Canada. Digital experiences make the world smaller, more accessible, and more democratic. They allow interaction with every corner of the earth.
The COVID-19 pandemic separated us from each other. But it also brought a new way to commune together globally, in the digital space. As we emerge from COVID's grasp, there is continued opportunity for creative, collaborative livestreams that enable shared social, spiritual, and cultural experiences.
Human behavior has evolved over the past year, believes Ariel Efron, Art Processors Creative Director. "We crave expression, interaction, tolerance," he says. "We've learned to embrace new forms of gathering that expand our world beyond our own community, our own belief system. I don't think that will end when COVID is over. That impulse to connect is too powerful."
Spirituality on screen
Grace Cathedral's upcoming concert epitomizes this new type of gathering. The name "TILT" references the angle of the sun at solstice but also the idea of offering a fresh perspective on sacred spaces and classical music. Art Processors Content Director, Christine Murray, is the Creative Producer for the event. She's been hands on, from strategic conceptualization, to curating selections, to directing video shoots, to working with partners on the tiniest details of execution.
"We're a seasoned creative technology company, but even for us, this is new territory," Murray says. "We wanted to create a real-time experience that people across the world would feel moved by, simultaneously. This hybrid between digital and live performance has been developed collaboratively by all of our partners. It's a shared vision for what a concert can be. I think it can be a catalyst for other cultural organizations to think about what's possible with events, environments, audiences, and reach across cultures."
From the start of the project, the aim has been to offer a fresh perspective on sacred spaces and new beginnings, according to Murray. She explains: "All of the offerings are related to the idea of light. We started reaching out to partners who inspired us, and that's how we ended up with such an incredible lineup. We're thrilled that First Nations soloists are performing outdoors in natural environments; Grace Cathedral's dance piece and musical selections are performed on the Cathedral's central labyrinth; there is a drone fly-through of Notre-Dame accompanied by the grand organ; and the professional choir of Chicago Sinai has contributed some wonderful Leonard Bernstein classics."
Performances include:
From Grace Cathedral, Singers Stacee Firestone and Kenneth Kellogg, accompanist and music director Ronny Michael Greenberg, and Dancer Terrence Paschal
From Against the Grain Theatre's new interpretation of Handel's Messiah with Toronto Symphony Orchestra, Looee Arreak, Diyet and Deantha Edmunds sing arias in Inuttitut and Southern Tutchone — in celebration of Canada's First Nations and underrepresented voices
The grand organ of Notre Dame played by Titular Organist, Olivier Latry
The Professional Choir of Chicago Sinai singing Leornard Bernstein classics
Working in chorus
The concert is now in its second year and Murray, a highly experienced creative practitioner, is central to its ongoing success. As the Director of Events and Cultural Programs at Grace Cathedral, Rebecca Nestle sees the value Murray brings at every stage. "Christine Murray is an expert in her field, an innovative thinker and a true collaborator," she says. "But she also brings her infectious enthusiasm to each project. Working with Christine and Art Processors is an absolute pleasure."
Art Processors is completing this work pro bono and is proud to produce this event. Bringing the world closer together speaks to our commitment to diversity and inclusion.
Emerging into light
Nestle wants the concert's music to empower people to take a moment. "I hope TILT will give people the opportunity to pause on the longest day of the year, to take a breath, and experience beautiful music in sacred spaces," she said. "Music helps us connect with others and also ourselves. It's meant to be shared, and is the best of what makes us human."
Grace Cathedral's TILT concert series will be livestreamed on June 20 at sunset in each of the partner cities. Tickets are now available.
That Week with the Bachs, at Grace Cathedral
Congregation Update: Many, Yet One
A Transformative Event
New Grace Cathedral Website


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Weather Alert in Windham, Tolland, Hartford, New London, New Haven, Middlesex, Fairfield and Litchfield counties.
Stamkos has 3 goals, Lightning beat Rangers, 6-3
Chris O'Meara / AP
Lightning center Steven Stamkos celebrates one of his three goals against the Rangers Monday night.
Lightning center Steven Stamkos celebrates one of his three goals against the Rangers Monday night. (Chris O'Meara / AP)
TAMPA, Fla. — Steven Stamkos had three goals to become the first player from the 2008 draft to reach 700 points, and the NHL-leading Tampa Bay Lightning won their seventh consecutive game by beating the 6-3 on Monday night.
Stamkos scored power-play goals that tied score in the first and second periods. The center completed his ninth hat trick and first since Oct. 13, 2014, from the slot at 10:41 of the third.
The Lightning star, coming off a two-goal, two-assist outing in Saturday night's 7-1 win over the Colorado Avalanche, has 701 points in 696 career games. He joins Martin St. Louis (953) and Vincent Lecavalier (874) as the only Tampa Bay players reaching the 700-point milestone.
Ryan McDonagh had a go-ahead goal, Anthony Cirelli had the other two Tampa Bay goals, and Louis Domingue made 23 saves.
Kevin Hayes had two goals and Jesper Fast also scored for the Rangers, who have lost six of eight (2-5-1). Henrik Lundqvist stopped 30 shots.
New York defenseman Kevin Shattenkirk left in the second period with an upper-body injury. He took a check around the left shoulder.
Stamkos scored from the left circle while falling down at 6:19 of the second before McDonagh put Tampa Bay up 3-2 with 7:18 left in the period.
Cirelli extended his goal streak to three games 24 seconds before Stamkos' third goal of the goal.
Fast and Cirelli, with an empty-netter, had late third-period goals.
The Rangers took a 1-0 lead 12:19 into the game when Hayes had a backhander from the left circle deflect off McDonagh's skate.
After Stamkos scored at 14:09 of the first, Hayes made it 2-1 with a rebound goal just 58 seconds later.
The Lightning went 2 for 6 with the man advantage. New York failed to score on its lone power-play.
The Rangers have been ahead after the first just seven times (3-3-1). … Lightning RW Nikita Kucherov had an assist and has 22 assists and 27 points over his 14 games. ... Rangers RW Mats Zuccarello (groin) sat out his seventh consecutive game but is nearing a return. ... Tamp Bay is 9-0-0 against the Metropolitan Division.
UConn women's basketball team lands 2020 recruit Mir McLean
David Benedict optimistic for UConn football future, as Randy Edsall focuses on 2019


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Lieutenant Colonel Bengt Gösta Olof Fredman (22 April 1916 – 31 December 2008) was a Swedish Army officer, mostly known for his actions during the Congo Crisis in 1963.

Early life
Fredman was born on 22 April 1916 in Östersund, Sweden, the son of Reinhold Fredman, an accountant, and his wife Astrid Dahlström. He passed studentexamen in Sundsvall in 1935.

Career
Fredman was commissioned as an officer in 1939 and was assigned as a second lieutenant to Västernorrland Regiment (I 21) in Sollefteå Fredman was promoted to lieutenant two years later and attended the Royal Swedish Army Staff College becoming captain in 1947. He served as secretary in the Västernorrland County's officer training union from 1948 to 1959 and was a member of the Central Federation for Voluntary Military Training (Centralförbundet för befälsutbildning) from 1956. Fredman served as major in the staff of Härnösand's defence district in 1958.

Congo
Fredman was commanding officer of the Swedish Battalion XVIII K between October 1962 and May 1963. He was handpicked for the post deputy of battalion commander but as the regular battalion commander was asked to become head of sector Kamina in the State of Katanga, Fredman received direct command and responsibility of the battalion. Thus, it was he who with short notice, planned, led the attack and captured the town of Kaminaville during Operation Grandslam on New Year's Eve in 1962. The attack occurred without loss to the Swedes and without destruction of either the white or African district. The larger of the two captured Gendarmerie camps in Kaminaville was named by a soldier very frivolously to Camp Fred which also became the future name. The name (Fred, Swedish word for "Peace") partly referred to their mission as peacemakers and the UN peacekeeping mandate and partly as a tribute to their battalion commander Bengt Fredman.

Early in the morning of 12 January 1963 in Kabundji, Fredman and his battalion surprised two Gendarmerie battalions on their payday and were disarmed, demobilized, were paid with their own war chest, declared to be civilians and sent home to their respective hometowns.

Later career
Back in Sweden in 1963, Fredman began serving in the Jämtland Ranger Regiment (I 5) and in 1966 he was promoted to lieutenant colonel and appointed head of the staff department and adjutant to the military commander of the Eastern Military District (Milo Ö) in Strängnäs.

Fredman was a member of the Swedish Order of Freemasons and Samfundet SHT.

Personal life
In 1941 he married Gun Wennberg (1920–1999), the daughter of Bror Wennberg and Beda Östling. He was the father of Lars Olof (born 1945), Elisabeth (born 1950) and Lennart (born 1953).

Death
Fredman died on 31 December 2008 and was buried at the Eastern Cemetery in his hometown of Östersund.

Awards and decorations

Swedish
  Knight of the Order of the Sword (1959)
   Swedish Central Federation for Voluntary Military Training Medal of Merit in silver
   Swedish Women's Voluntary Defence Organization Royal Medal of Merit in silver
 Västernorrland County Association for Volunteer Military Training's Gold Medal (Västernorrlands läns befäls(utbildnings)förbunds guldmedalj)
 National Federation of Swedish Women's Auxiliary Defence Services' Silver Medal (Riksförbundet Sveriges lottakårers silvermedalj)
 Västernorrland Rifle Association's Silver Medal (Västernorrlands skytteförbunds silvermedalj)
 Swedish Civil Defence League's Badge of Merit in Gold (Sveriges civilförsvarsförbund förtjänsttecken i guld)
 Society for the Promotion of Ski Sport and Open Air Life's Gold Medal (Skid- och friluftsfrämjandets i Sveriges guldmedalj)

Foreign
  United Nations Medal (ONUC)

References

1916 births
2008 deaths
Swedish Army colonels
People of the Congo Crisis
Knights of the Order of the Sword
People from Östersund


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Biografia
Ellen era l'ultima di cinque figli di Alexander Bonner Semple e Emerine Price. Generalmente è strettamente associata alle sue opere sull'antropogeografia e sull'ambientalismo. In una serie di libri e articoli comunicò certi aspetti dell'opera del geografo tedesco Friedrich Ratzel alla comunità anglofona. I più comuni studi sul suo conto spesso le attribuiscono un prevalente interesse per il determinismo ambientale, la teoria secondo la quale l'ambiente fisico determina la cultura di una comunità umana. Ciononostante, questa attribuzione è alquanto discutibile: gran parte della ricerca della Semple fu infatti incentrata ad affermare una forma molto attenuata di influenze geografiche o di modi in cui varie condizioni ambientali possono potenzialmente condizionare la società umana. Detto questo, la teoria sulla quale fondò il proprio capolavoro fu di fatto la base per numerosi studi che, fraintendendo il suo messaggio, finirono con l'identificare le caratteristiche geografiche ed ambientali con l'unico e principale elemento della relazione uomo-ambiente. La Semple studiò al Vassar College e frequentò l'Università di Lipsia. Fu docente all'University of Chicago e alla Clark University.

La Scuola Elementare Ellen C. Semple a Louisville le è stata intitolata.

Bibliografia
 "Semple, Ellen Churchill."  Notable American Women.  Vol. 2, 4th ed., The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1975
 worldcat.org Accessed August 27, 2007

Collegamenti esterni

Studenti dell'Università di Lipsia
Professori dell'Università di Chicago


garage solution agency SanDisk has launched a brand new case for the iPhone that brings provides storage and additionally helps an extra battery percent on pinnacle.
The SanDisk iXpand memory Case is made for iPhone 6 and iPhone 6s users best, and no longer the bigger Plus versions. It wraps around the iPhone, with the lowest fringe of the case connecting to the Lightning port. similar answers are available from other manufacturers, and instances with inbuilt garage are intended to address the inconvenience of connecting a flash drive thru the Lightning port, with the force striking from the lowest of the telephone. The SanDisk iXpand reminiscence Case fills this inconvenience hole, and offers 32GB, 64GB, and 128GB garage alternatives. The corporation has also launched a brand new iOS app for having access to all the stored media.
moreover, SanDisk has additionally delivered an add-on 1900mAh battery % that just gets connected to the iXpand memory Case. The iXpand memory Case is available in four coloration options particularly – gray, Sky, Mint, and purple.
it's miles priced at $fifty nine (more or less Rs. 4,000) for the 32GB version, $ninety nine (roughly Rs. 6,700) for the 64GB variant, and $129 (kind of Rs. 8,seven hundred) for the 128GB variant. The add-on battery % could be bought one after the other for a further $forty (roughly Rs. 2,seven hundred).


While going through the Hulu interview process I was presented with an 8 hour programming challenge that consisted of creating a program capable of playing a game of hangman. While easy enough at face value the challenge presented several major obstacles. The one I will discuss here is my decision to use a word frequency dictionary, the realization that there existed no such thing (sort of) and the eventual creation of the dictionary.
I have dubbed this "The Battleship approach". Randomly move through the possibilities looking for a "hit". Once a hit is found it's only a matter of time before the ship is completely uncovered from guessing the most likely locations. The problem with implementing such an approach on a computer is the jump between step 2 & 3. While humans are quite capable of finding a word that fits a series of blanks and letters a computer has no directly applicable skill to fill that role. Answer: regular expressions.
A regular expression (abbreviated regex) is a sequence of characters that form a search pattern that can then be compared directly against words or sentences to check equivalence. With regular expressions it is possible to see that "_eavier" can be only 2 different words in the english language. They are heavier and leavier. Obviously, this is quite useful. Once this point has been reached it is a trivial matter to count the frequency of the possible letters and guess the one that occurs most often.
At this point all is fine and well, but there is a problem. Suppose as before the computer is trying to guess the final letter in the word "_eavier". After looking at the possible letters to guess the computer would have to make a choice. Should it guess an 'l' or an 'h'? Looking at those possibilities you or I could could give an answer instantly. The computer, however, can make no such judgment. So how do you fix this? Word frequency. It's the reason you or I can look at "_eavier" and pick 'h'. We both know heavier is used more often than leavier.
To leverage word frequency in my program I was going to need a word list correlated with the frequency of those words as used in everyday language. I looked all over but was not able to find exactly what I needed. Complicating the matter is the problem of plurals and tenses. A standard dictionary (such as /usr/share/dict/words) contains only one form of each word and would be ineffective in a game where every variation of a word can be used. So I would have to make my own.
To start I needed a large sample of english language text. To prevent bias towards any specific type of words the corpus needed to span a wide number of topics and be written by many different authors. Enter Wikipedia.
Once complete I unzipped each of the files and used the "cat" command to merge them into one massive (18gb) text file.
Since the text file contained a fair amount of garbage formatting data I attempted to use a vim script to strip and none article text from the document.
After some period of time this resulted in a memory error. It seemed my machine was't quite capable of loading the whole file. My new plan to make the operation more manageable was to split the file back up into smaller parts.
This produced 300 some files with 1,000,000 lines each.
To make the files easier to work with (read: to satisfy my OCD) I added .txt extensions.
With that settled I wrote a small batch script to run change.vim on each of the 300 files.
This seemed to work much better and in about 20 minutes all files were free of nasty non-article text.
and went about writing a word counter.
While counting the frequency of every word in the file would have been possible I felt that doing so could skew the results. In such a large document there are bound to be typos, numbers, and other inconsistencies that were not needed. To get around this I used this word list: http://www.morewords.com/enable2k.txt. In addition to containing every word in the english language it also contains every form.
I wrote the following python program to run through cleanWikipedia.txt and count the occurrences of each word in the morewords.com word list. At this point in the process cleanWikipedia.txt contained around 1,314,517,865 words so the execution of this script took ~15 minutes.
The output of the script can be seen here: https://raw.github.com/jackchammons/wordFrequency/master/weightedDictionary.txt. I chose not to convert the word count to frequency mostly because I like dealing with integers and the effect is the same.
At his point I had everything that I needed to give the challenge a solid attempt. After a few more hours I managed to achieve a consistent 63% success rate at solving the hangman games. To improve this I would have included formal nouns into the list of words I counted in cleanWikipedia.txt, they seemed to pop up ~25% of the time and generally wreaked havoc when they did.
Out of respect for Hulu I am not posting the source for my final solution because they asked me not to and I would like to work there someday.


Penades, J.R., Donderis, J., Garcia-Caballer, M., Angeles Tormo-Mas, M., Marina, A. (2013). dUTPases, the unexplored family of signalling molecules. Current opinion in microbiology, 16(2), 163-170.
Deciphering the molecular mechanisms that control relevant cellular processes is of utmost importance to understand how viruses, prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells work. The diversity of living organisms suggests that there are novel regulators still to be discovered, which may uncover new regulatory paradigms. dUTPases (Duts) are assumed to be ubiquitous enzymes regulating cellular dUTP levels to prevent misincorporation of uracil into DNA. Recently however, Duts have been involved in the control of several relevant cellular processes, including transfer of mobile genetic elements, regulation of the immune system, autoimmunity or apoptosis, suggesting that they perform regulatory functions. This review aims at investigating the unexplored impact of Duts as novel signalling molecules.


text:
Onager (weapon)
This article is about the siege weapon. For the equine species, see Onager.
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The onager (British /ˈɒnədʒə/, /ˈɒnəɡə/, U.S. /ˈɑnədʒər/[1]) was a imperial-era Roman torsion powered siege engine. The onager was first mentioned in 353 AD by Ammianus Marcellinus, who described onagers as the same as a scorpion.
According to two authors of the later Roman Empire who wrote on military affairs, the onager derived its name from the kicking action of the machine that threw stones into the air, as did the hooves of the wild ass, the onager, which was native to the eastern part of the empire.[2]
The onager consisted of a large frame placed on the ground to whose front end a vertical frame of solid timber was rigidly fixed. A vertical spoke that passed through a rope bundle fastened to the frame had a sling attached which contained a projectile. To fire it, the spoke or arm was forced down, against the tension of twisted ropes or other springs, by a windlass, and then suddenly released. As the sling swung outwards, one end would release, as with a staff-sling, and the projectile would be hurled forward. The arm would then be caught by a padded beam or bed, when it could be winched back again.[3]
The onagers of the Roman Empire were mainly used for besieging forts or settlements. They would often be armed with large stones that could be covered with a combustible substance and set alight.
The onager was used from the 4th century AD until the 6th century AD. The late-fourth century author Ammianus Marcellinus describes 'onager' as a neologism for scorpions and relates various incidents in which the engines fire both rocks and arrow-shaped missiles.[4] The late-fourth or early-fifth century military writer Vegetius stipulates that a legion ought to field ten onagers, one for each cohort. These he says should be transported fully assembled on ox carts to ensure readiness in case of sudden attack, in which case the onagers could be used for defence immediately. For Vegetius, the onagers were stone throwing machines.[5]
In the late 6th century the Avars brought the Chinese traction trebuchet, otherwise known as the mangonel, to the Mediterranean, where it soon replaced the slower and more complex torsion powered engines.[6]
The traction trebuchet displaced classical, torsion-powered artillery because it was simpler and required less competence to build, while maintaining comparable range and power, and it had far higher rates of firing and accuracy (when operated by a trained crew). Furthermore, it was probably safer to operate than tension weapons, whose bundles of taut sinews stored up huge amounts of energy even in resting state and were prone to catastrophic failure when in use.[7]
—  Inge Ree Peterson
Springald
Torsion siege engine
Mangonel
↑ Oxford English Dictionary.
↑ Vegetius, De re militari, IV:22; Ammianus Marcellinus, Roman History XXIII:4, 4; XXXI:15, 12.
↑ Denny, Mark "The Physics Teacher" vol 47, p 574-578, December 2009
↑ Ammianus Marcellinus, Roman History, XIX:2 & 7; XX:7; XXIII:4; XXIV: 4; XXXI:15.
↑ Vegetius, De re militari, IV:22
↑ Purton 2009, p. 364.
↑ Peterson 2013, p. 409.
Peterson, Leif Inge Ree (2013), Siege Warfare and Military Organization in the Successor States, Brill
Purton, Peter (2009), A History of the Early Medieval Siege c.450-1200, The Boydell Press
Ancient mechanical artillery and hand-held missile weapons
Generic phrases
Greek and Roman artillery
Crew-served arrow-shooters
Carroballista
Oxybeles
Polybolos
Crew-served stone-projectors
Hand-held weapons
Cheiroballistra
Gastraphetes


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News releases, reports, statements and associated documents from federal independent agencies.
The U.S. Small Business Administration announced today that certain Private NonProfit organizations (PNP)s in Tennessee that do not provide critical services of a governmental nature may be eligible to apply for low-interest rate disaster loans. These loans are available following a Presidential disaster declaration for Public Assistance resulting from damages caused by severe storms, flooding, landslides and mudslides from Feb. 19 through March 30, 2019.
PNPs located ... Show Full Article ATLANTA, Georgia, April 23 -- The Small Business Administration's Office of Disaster Assistance issued the following news release: The U.S. Small Business Administration announced today that certain Private NonProfit organizations (PNP)s in Tennessee that do not provide critical services of a governmental nature may be eligible to apply for low-interest rate disaster loans. These loans are available following a Presidential disaster declaration for Public Assistance resulting from damages caused by severe storms, flooding, landslides and mudslides from Feb. 19 through March 30, 2019. PNPs locatedin Bedford, Bledsoe, Blount, Campbell, Carter, Cheatham, Claiborne, Clay, Cocke, Coffee, Decatur, Dekalb, Dickson, Dyer, Fentress, Gibson, Giles, Grainger, Greene, Hamblen, Hamilton, Hancock, Hardin, Hawkins, Hickman, Houston, Humphreys, Jackson, Jefferson, Johnson, Knox, Lake, Lauderdale, Lewis, Lincoln, Marion, Marshall, Mcnairy, Moore, Morgan, Obion, Overton, Perry, Rhea, Roane, Robertson, Scott, Sequatchie, Sevier, Smith, Tipton, Unicoi, Union, Van Buren, Warren and Wayne counties in Tennessee are eligible to apply.
PNP organizations may borrow up to $2 million to repair or replace damaged or destroyed real estate, machinery and equipment, inventory and other business assets. The interest rate is 2.75 percent with terms up to 30 years. Applicants may be eligible for a loan amount increase up to 20 percent of their physical damages, as verified by the SBA for mitigation purposes. Eligible mitigation improvements may include a safe room or storm shelter, sump pump, French drain or retaining wall to help protect property and occupants from future damage caused by a similar disaster.
Additional information on the SBA disaster loan program and application process can be obtained by calling SBA's Customer Service Center at 800-659-2955 (800-877-8339 for the deaf and hard-of-hearing) or by sending an email to disastercustomerservice@sba.gov (link sends e-mail). Loan applications can be downloaded from http://www.sba.gov. Completed applications should be returned to a recovery center or mailed to: U.S. Small Business Administration, Processing and Disbursement Center, 14925 Kingsport Road, Fort Worth, TX 76155.
The filing deadline to submit applications for physical property damage is June 17, 2019. The deadline to submit economic injury applications is Jan. 17, 2020.
The U.S. Small Business Administration makes the American dream of business ownership a reality. As the only go-to resource and voice for small businesses backed by the strength of the federal government, the SBA empowers entrepreneurs and small business owners with the resources and support they need to start, grow or expand their businesses, or recover from a declared disaster. It delivers services through an extensive network of SBA field offices and partnerships with public and private organizations. To learn more, visit http://www.sba.gov.
The U.S. Postal Service today honored legendary tennis champion Maureen Connolly Brinker (1934-1969) at Southern Methodist University by issuing a Forever stamp graced with the nickname she was known for when she was the best in her sport: "Little Mo."
In the early 1950s, the 5-foot-4-inch dynamo dominated the tennis world, using powerful groundstrokes to become the first woman to win all four major tennis tournaments in a calendar year. From 1951 to 1954, Connolly amassed nine major singles titles and three ... Show Full Article DALLAS, Texas, April 23 -- The U.S. Postal Service issued the following news release: The U.S. Postal Service today honored legendary tennis champion Maureen Connolly Brinker (1934-1969) at Southern Methodist University by issuing a Forever stamp graced with the nickname she was known for when she was the best in her sport: "Little Mo." In the early 1950s, the 5-foot-4-inch dynamo dominated the tennis world, using powerful groundstrokes to become the first woman to win all four major tennis tournaments in a calendar year. From 1951 to 1954, Connolly amassed nine major singles titles and threemajor doubles titles. For three years in a row, she was the top-ranked player in the world, and the Associated Press named her its "Woman Athlete of the Year" three straight years (1951--1953).
"The history-making tennis career of Maureen Connolly Brinker, combined with the gracious spirit she exhibited after her career abruptly ended, is emblematic of the type of character and courage that we strive to spotlight on our stamps," said Janice Walker, vice president, U.S. Postal Service Corporate Communications, and the dedicating official of the stamp. "Being selected for this honor means that you have made an extraordinary and enduring contribution to American society, history, culture or the environment."
Joining Walker to dedicate the stamp were Cindy Brinker Simmons, Brinker's daughter and president of the Maureen Connolly Brinker Tennis Foundation; John Isner, the highest ranked American tennis player in the world (#10); Katherine Chabot Willette, the world's sixth-ranked singles player in 1961; Dr. R. Gerald Turner, president, Southern Methodist University; and radio/television host Scott Murray, who emceed the event.
The stamp features an oil-on-linen painting of the tennis star by Gregory Manchess. Based on a black-and-white photograph taken in 1952, the portrait is a colorful interpretation of Connolly hitting a low volley. Her nickname, "Little Mo," runs across the top of the stamp, and "usa" and "forever" appear in the bottom right corner. Art director Derry Noyes designed the stamp. News of the stamp is being shared using the hashtags #LittleMoStamp and #TennisStamps.
Maureen Connolly began competing in the U.S. Lawn Tennis Association (USLTA) as a teenager and notched her first major singles tournament victory in 1951, winning the United States Championships (now called the U.S. Open) in Forest Hills, NY. The San Diego Union sportswriter Nelson Fisher once observed her hitting explosive forehands and backhands. He dubbed her "Little Mo," after the battleship USS Missouri, which was sometimes referred to as "Big Mo."
In 1952, she captured the Wimbledon crown for the first time. In 1953, she became the first woman to capture the single-season Grand Slam of tennis, winning the Australian Open, the French Open, Wimbledon, and the U.S. Championships. Along the way, she dropped only a single set. Since then, no American singles player has won all four majors in a calendar year. Only two men and three women in total have achieved that feat.
Connolly's brilliant career ended abruptly in July 1954 when she severely injured her leg in a horseback riding accident. If she had not gotten hurt, the dominant Connolly likely would have gone on to win many more major tournaments.
In 1955, Connolly married Norman Brinker, who was part of the U.S. equestrian team at the 1952 Summer Olympics. He competed in the Modern Pentathlon Championships in 1954. They lived in Dallas and had two daughters. After her playing career, Connolly Brinker coached tennis and wrote articles about the game she once dominated. In 1968, she was inducted into the International Tennis Hall of Fame.
Until the end of her short life, Connolly Brinker was committed to introducing young people to tennis. In 1968, she co-founded the Maureen Connolly Brinker Tennis Foundation (MCB). Over the past 50 years, MCB has pioneered junior tennis development throughout the United States and worldwide.
On June 21, 1969, Connolly Brinker died of cancer at 34, but not before helping blaze a trail for today's female athletes.
Customers may purchase the "Little Mo" Forever stamp at The Postal Store at usps.com/shop, by calling 800-STAMP24 (800-782-6724), by mail through USA Philatelic, or at Post Office locations nationwide. Forever stamps will always be equal in value to the current First-Class Mail 1-ounce price.
Information on ordering first-day-of-issue postmarks and covers is at usps.com/shop under "Collectors." A video of the ceremony will be available on Facebook.com/usps.
- NASA's Mars InSight lander has measured and recorded for the first time ever a likely "marsquake."
The faint seismic signal, detected by the lander's Seismic Experiment for Interior Structure (SEIS) instrument, was recorded on April 6, the lander's 128th Martian day, or sol. This is the first recorded trembling that appears to have come from inside the planet, as opposed to being caused by forces above the surface, such as wind. Scientists still are examining the data to determine the ... Show Full Article PASADENA, California, April 23 -- NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory issued the following news: * * * - NASA's Mars InSight lander has measured and recorded for the first time ever a likely "marsquake." * * * The faint seismic signal, detected by the lander's Seismic Experiment for Interior Structure (SEIS) instrument, was recorded on April 6, the lander's 128th Martian day, or sol. This is the first recorded trembling that appears to have come from inside the planet, as opposed to being caused by forces above the surface, such as wind. Scientists still are examining the data to determine theexact cause of the signal.
"We've been waiting months for a signal like this," said Philippe Lognonne, SEIS team lead at the Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP) in France. "It's so exciting to finally have proof that Mars is still seismically active. We're looking forward to sharing detailed results once we've had a chance to analyze them."
SEIS has surpassed the team's expectations in terms of its sensitivity. The instrument was provided for InSight by the French space agency, Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES), while these first seismic events were identified by InSight's Marsquake Service team, led by the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology.
A number of European partners, including CNES and the German Aerospace Center (DLR), support the InSight mission. CNES provided the SEIS instrument to NASA, with the principal investigator at IPGP. Significant contributions for SEIS came from IPGP; the Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research in Germany; the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Zurich) in Switzerland; Imperial College London and Oxford University in the United Kingdom; and JPL. DLR provided the Heat Flow and Physical Properties Package (HP3) instrument, with significant contributions from the Space Research Center of the Polish Academy of Sciences and Astronika in Poland. Spain's Centro de Astrobiologia supplied the temperature and wind sensors.
NASA's social media presence, which has grown from a few accounts more than a decade ago to dozens of channels with millions of followers, was honored Tuesday with a pair of Webbys and People's Voice awards as part of the 2019 Webby Awards.
"Social media has become NASA's primary way of connecting with the public," said Bettina Inclan, NASA's associate administrator for Communications. "It lets us reach out directly to people and share the excitement of exploration across all of NASA's programs. More importantly, it fosters conversation ... Show Full Article WASHINGTON, April 23 -- NASA issued the following news release: NASA's social media presence, which has grown from a few accounts more than a decade ago to dozens of channels with millions of followers, was honored Tuesday with a pair of Webbys and People's Voice awards as part of the 2019 Webby Awards. "Social media has become NASA's primary way of connecting with the public," said Bettina Inclan, NASA's associate administrator for Communications. "It lets us reach out directly to people and share the excitement of exploration across all of NASA's programs. More importantly, it fosters conversationand builds shared goals, which will be essential as the agency drives forward to return astronauts to the Moon by 2024."
There may be no better example of that connection than NASA's Mars InSight mission, which won a social media People's Voice Award for Education & Discovery. After landing on Mars in November 2018, the mission generated more than one million social media posts from members of the public. The hashtag #MarsLanding even trended higher than #cybermonday on the Monday after Thanksgiving, known as Cyber Monday.
Two other agency digital properties received the People's Voice award in their categories: NASA.gov, the agency's primary website, won its 11th People's Voice award in Government & Civil Innovation; and the Solar System Exploration site won its third People's Voice award in the Science category.
NASA's Climate Change website was also nominated in the Green category, and the video "The Call of Science" was nominated in the 360-degree Video category.
The agency's reach on social media extends beyond its own programs. When the Event Horizon Telescope released the first image of a black hole on April 10, NASA's follow up post on Instagram received 3.4 million likes and 33,500 comments. Social media also lets NASA join conversations about pop culture, leading to online interactions, such as those with singer Ariana Grande and Marvel Studios.
The agency's use of social media really took off in 2008, when Veronica McGregor, news manager at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) in Pasadena, California, began tweeting in the voice of the Mars Phoenix Lander. Since then, the agency has added channels across a variety of platforms. On Twitter, NASA has 66 million followers, with 60 million on Facebook and 51 million on Instagram.
This year's Webbys are the second and third for NASA's overall social media presence, having won both the Webby and People's Voice award in 2017.
NASA's social media presence and the NASA.gov website are managed by NASA's Office of Communications. The Mars InSight Lander social media account, Climate Change, and Solar System Exploration websites are managed by JPL, which also produced "The Call of Science" video.
Established in 1996, The Webby Awards are presented by the International Academy of Digital Arts and Sciences. This year there were more than 13,000 entries, and more than 3 million votes were cast for the People's Voice awards.
U.S. house prices rose in February, up 0.3 percent from the previous month, according to the Federal Housing Finance Agency (FHFA) seasonally adjusted monthly House Price Index (HPI). The previously reported 0.6 percent increase for January 2019 remained unchanged.
The FHFA monthly HPI is calculated using home sales price information from mortgages sold to, or guaranteed by, Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac. From February 2018 to February 2019, house prices were up 4.9 percent.
For the nine census divisions, ... Show Full Article WASHINGTON, April 23 -- Federal Housing Finance Agency issued the following news release: U.S. house prices rose in February, up 0.3 percent from the previous month, according to the Federal Housing Finance Agency (FHFA) seasonally adjusted monthly House Price Index (HPI). The previously reported 0.6 percent increase for January 2019 remained unchanged. The FHFA monthly HPI is calculated using home sales price information from mortgages sold to, or guaranteed by, Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac. From February 2018 to February 2019, house prices were up 4.9 percent. For the nine census divisions,seasonally adjusted monthly house price changes from January 2019 to February 2019 ranged from -1.2 percent in the Middle Atlantic division to +1.4 percent in the East South Central division. The 12-month changes were all positive, ranging from +3.5 percent in the West South Central division to +6.5 percent in the Mountain division.
Monthly index values and appreciation rate estimates for recent periods are provided in the tables and graphs on the following pages. Downloadable data and HPI release dates for the remainder of 2019 are available on the HPI page.
For detailed information on the FHFA HPI, see HPI Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ). The next HPI report will be released May 28, 2019 and will include monthly data through March 2019 and quarterly data for the first quarter of 2019.
Today, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) announced the winners of its seventh annual Campus RainWorks Challenge, a national competition that engages college students in the design of on-campus green infrastructure solutions to address stormwater pollution. Winners included a team from the University of Louisiana at Lafayette for their project on cultivating community resilience through flood control and green ... Show Full Article DALLAS, Texas, April 23 -- The Environmental Protection Agency issued the following news release: * * * - University of Louisiana at Lafayette among nationwide honorees * * * Today, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) announced the winners of its seventh annual Campus RainWorks Challenge, a national competition that engages college students in the design of on-campus green infrastructure solutions to address stormwater pollution. Winners included a team from the University of Louisiana at Lafayette for their project on cultivating community resilience through flood control and greeninfrastructure.
"EPA's Campus RainWorks Challenge encourages students to transform classroom knowledge into innovative ideas to solve real-world environmental problems," said EPA Administrator Andrew Wheeler. "I congratulate this year's winners, and it is encouraging to see how contestants worked closely with their local communities to develop ways to protect water resources from harmful stormwater pollution."
Stormwater runoff is a significant source of water pollution in America. Managing runoff remains a complex environmental challenge for local communities across the country. EPA's Campus RainWorks Challenge asks students and faculty members at colleges and universities across the country to apply green infrastructure design principles, foster interdisciplinary collaboration, and increase the use of green infrastructure on the nation's college campuses.
Through this year's Challenge, EPA invited student teams to compete in two design categories: the Master Plan category, which examines how green infrastructure can be broadly integrated across campus, and the Demonstration Project category, which focuses on how green infrastructure can address stormwater pollution at a specific site on campus. With the help of a faculty advisor, teams of students focused their expertise, creativity, and energy on the challenges of stormwater management and showcased the environmental, economic, and social benefits of green infrastructure.
"The challenge was meaningful for our College of Design students because it created a chance to collaborate on tackling an urgent environmental design problem while working with local high school students on connecting the community with their watershed," said University of Oregon College of Design Dean Christoph Lindner.
"The Ripple Effect is designed to improve infrastructure at UL Lafayette, and to provide a framework for using campus as a 'living lab' for researching and developing green infrastructure strategies that will benefit the entire community and region," said Gretchen LaCombe Vanicor, director the Office of Sustainability at the University of Louisiana at Lafayette.
"We are so thankful to the EPA for providing this opportunity to have real-world project ideas submitted and evaluated by experts," said Nancy Pollock-Ellwand, Dean of the College of Architecture, Planning and Landscape Architecture at the University of Arizona. "Students not only have the opportunity to evaluate their local surroundings, but also to think critically about the immense damage that can be caused by urban flooding."
"This project exemplifies the creativity and innovativeness we are cultivating here at FIU. Our students are dedicated problem solvers addressing real-world engineering challenges and work collaboratively alongside faculty and industry partners," said John Volakis, dean of the FIU College of Engineering & Computing. "In this case, our civil engineering students introduced a design that incorporates green infrastructure elements. As a college, we couldn't be more proud of their achievements."
EPA is also pleased to recognize Utah State University for honorable mention in the Demonstration Project category and the University of Arizona for honorable mention in the Master Plan category.
Since 2012 more than 600 teams have participated in the challenge.
Green infrastructure tools and techniques for stormwater management include green roofs, permeable materials, alternative designs for streets and buildings, trees, habitat conservation, rain gardens, and rain harvesting systems. Utilizing these tools decreases pollution to local waterways by treating rain where it falls and keeping polluted stormwater from entering sewer systems. Communities are increasingly using innovative green infrastructure to supplement "gray" infrastructure such as pipes, filters and ponds. Green infrastructure reduces water pollution while increasing economic activity and neighborhood revitalization, job creation, energy savings, and open space.
Today the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (Bureau) announced changes to policies regarding Civil Investigative Demands (CIDs) to ensure they provide more information about the potentially wrongful conduct under investigation.
Consistent with the updated policy, CIDs will provide more information about the potentially applicable provisions of law that may have been violated. CIDs will also typically specify the business activities subject to the Bureau's authority. In investigations where ... Show Full Article WASHINGTON, April 23 -- The Consumer Financial Protection Bureau issued the following news release: Today the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (Bureau) announced changes to policies regarding Civil Investigative Demands (CIDs) to ensure they provide more information about the potentially wrongful conduct under investigation. Consistent with the updated policy, CIDs will provide more information about the potentially applicable provisions of law that may have been violated. CIDs will also typically specify the business activities subject to the Bureau's authority. In investigations wheredetermining the extent of the Bureau's authority over the relevant activity is one of the significant purposes of the investigation, staff may specifically include that issue in the CID in the interests of further transparency.
The new policy takes into account recent court decisions about notifications of purpose, and is consistent with a 2017 report by the Bureau's Office of Inspector General that emphasized the importance of updating Office of Enforcement policies to reflect such developments. The new policy is also consistent with comments the Bureau received in response to the Requests for Information it issued in 2018, seeking feedback about various aspects of its operations, including its use of CIDs in enforcement investigations.
The Consumer Financial Protection Act of 2010 authorizes the Bureau to issue investigational subpoenas known as CIDs when looking into potential violations of law. The Act provides that each CID "shall state the nature of the conduct constituting the alleged violation which is under investigation and the provision of law applicable to such violation." CIDs issued by the Bureau set out this information in a section known as the "notification of purpose."


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This Sekiro: Shadows Die Twice Limited Edition PS4 Pro Console Will Be Difficult to Obtain
But just look at it
by Stephen Tailby Fri 1st Mar 2019
A good custom console is always a treat, and we've had some cracking special edition PS4 and PS4 Pro bundles sporting all sorts of cool colours and designs. It looks as though the latest game to get a limited edition custom console is From Software's Sekiro: Shadows Die Twice, although it's a bit unusual.
Well, the machine itself looks great, with a wooden look and raised details giving it a very impressive and unique style that's true to the game. It's everything else that's unusual. Currently, the only mention of the console we can find online is a European retailer known as Game Mania. The shop shows the limited edition machine on the game's pre-order page, and details how you can get your hands on it. Basically, when you pre-order Sekiro on PlayStation 4, you'll get a free pair of chopsticks, and if your pair is coloured gold, you've won the special PS4 Pro.
We can't find any official word from Activision or From Software on the console itself. What's more, the retailer only operates in Belgium and the Netherlands, so the competition is only open to these areas. It doesn't appear the console is available for purchase, either.
As we said, it's just a bit unusual. It's a cool looking machine, but the chances of getting one at this point seem very slim. What do you think of this Sekiro: Shadows Die Twice limited edition PS4 Pro console, and the odd circumstances surrounding it? Move to Belgium in the comments below.
[via dualshockers.com, gamemania.be]
Sekiro: Shadows Die Twice (PS4)
About Stephen Tailby
Having grown up alongside PlayStation, Stephen has developed a wide knowledge of video games, from AAA blockbusters to the smallest indie gems. He also has the Platinum for The Witness, so there's that.
Fri 1st Mar 2019
It's silly stuff like that that makes me pre-order, isn't it?
They're selling Sekiro for €65, but I can find copies as cheap as €50, so it's effectively a €15 chance to win a LE PS4. I think I'll pass
BenVenn
Beautiful looking console, haven't been too interested in Sekiro: Shadows Die Twice, but this console is lovely.
It's a shame it's locked behind some novelty game
They also specified that they're only giving two away. One in Belgium, and one in the Netherlands. Chances of winning are pretty much zero.
stuzster
I must admit, I never understand these special edition (SE) consoles.
If I didn't already own a PS4, I doubt I would risk buying an SE edition just to get a game I have no idea about whether I would like or not enough to justify it - if it turned out I didn't like it THAT much, I'm stuck with a console that constantly reminds me of that.
If I already owned a PS4, I would need to have already bought and played the game to know that I love it enough to lash out on a SE console...
...but then, I do own 5 Dreamcasts - so maybe I'm not best placed to argue
Flaming_Kaiser
@stuzster I have the FF15 standard PS4 and the MHW Pro that one looks awsome. 😃
that is very cool looking PS4 Pro
Th3solution
That is one handsome console! I really like this one. It looks almost like a decorative piece that you could have out on the table and people may not even know it's a gaming console, especially if you have a lot of Asian style decor in the house already. Too bad I'm not even sure about the game yet, and I have made the decision to not upgrade to Pro since PS5 is probably around the corner. Perfectly happy with my vanilla unit for now.
ThePathsofPain
I'm glad this has such a weird way of getting it because I love the looks of this PS4 and I may be tempted to finally upgrade to a Pro if it was open to the masses.
WillMerfi
Does it actually come with the rope?
Gremio108
Good lord, I'm in love
JohnnyShoulder
Sat 2nd Mar 2019
That is one of the nicer looking consoles. I'm after the special edition of the game, but the last time I looked it was sold out here in the UK.
500 million LE is better.
Game Profile
Action, Adventure, RPG
22nd Mar 2019 (USA)
22nd Mar 2019 (UK/EU)
Sekiro: Shadows Die Twice - From Software Doesn't Sacrifice Difficulty for Accessibility
sekirothegame.com
Game of the Year #3 - Sekiro: Shadows Die Twice
Mon 30th Dec 2019
Game of the Year
News All the Winners at The Game Awards 2019, As Sekiro Skewers Game of the Year
Fri 13th Dec 2019
News A Free Sekiro: Shadows Die Twice Dynamic Theme Steps Out of the Shadows on PS4
Mon 9th Dec 2019
Deal Sekiro: Shadows Die Twice Cuts Its Price to $25 for Black Friday
Thu 28th Nov 2019
Guide Sekiro: Shadows Die Twice - How to Kill Sword Saint Isshin Ashina
Wed 24th Apr 2019
Sword Saint Isshin Ashina
Huge EU PlayStation Store Sale Discounts Some of the Best...
Wed 15th Jan 2020


I believe this is the West End 1st edition, as pictured. The box is intact and in solid shape, but does show some shelf wear and small dings. The box top is slightly dished.
I have counted the components/chits and found them to be complete. While they have been removed from their punchboard frames, many of the chits have remained attached in strips, leading me to believe that his game was never actually played. Not bad for a 30yo game!


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ACCEPTED

#### According to
Index Fungorum

#### Published in
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#### Original name
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### Remarks
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


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Q: Is there a way to for Sharepoint Online to access the Adobe PDF meta-data keywords that I have applied on my PDF's? Is there an app, setting, web-part or other solution so that SharePoint can harvest (obtain, discovery, find--whatever is the right terminology) the Adobe Acrobat Pro key-word Meta-Data that I have dutifully applied to my PDFs?
It appears that Sharepoint Online is not finding the meta-data that I entered via Adobe Acrobat Pro through the properties pane. Is there a Sharepoint online solution that will allow me to exploit the work I've put in?

A: OOTB there is no way to extract metadata from PDF files. There are apps that provide this functionality. For example, the apps can extract all standard properties plus custom metadata fields from PDF files. See here.
The extracted values can be captured into SharePoint columns and then used for sorting, filtering and searching.
Can you perhaps share or mail an example pdf file? (not containing sensitive information)
Paul

A: Metadata on (Adobe) PDF files are out of reach for SharePoint itself. There is no such app or tool or web part in SharePoint that can manage this request.
You can see a UserVoice here and vote for it if that's something you agree with:
https://sharepoint.uservoice.com/forums/329214-sites-and-collaboration/suggestions/15412686-metadata-integration-into-pdfs

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


This large parcel has platforms cut for lots but could be changed to what you desire, it is a complete mountain with 360 views of the area. Treed until you get to the top where you will see the pre cut pads permitted and ready to build. Lomas Del Mar is a gated community with ocean view community pool , clubhouse and equestrian center.
The mountain would be perfect for private luxury villas. 6 homes sites to created you own little community. Paved road to top with water and electric to the parcel.
25 minutes to Liberia airport, 7 minutes to the beach, 15 minutes to Playas del Coco.


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Subversive Surfaces: "Graffiti Palace" by A. G. Lombardo
A. G. LOMBARDO'S searing novel Graffiti Palace revels in an abundance of language. I take pleasure in that approach, and so welcomed the play of sounds and images. Consider this description of shipping containers at the Los Angeles Harbor: "A city of iron cubicles latticed along the harbor, piled like a giant's stairway in gravity-suspended steps rising toward the burnished sunset, or skewed in angles and intersecting layers; some pitched, half-toppled by long-ago extracted cranes and ship's booms." It resembles the scene it describes, dense with shapes, colors, and history; there's rhythm to it, restlessness, and it modifies and complicates itself as it goes. It builds from concrete imagery, rises into abstraction, then topples back down into the real. Like Icarus, we might say — but here, the fall is intentional.
Graffiti Palace is set during the Watts riots, and concerns, mostly, a journey across Los Angeles by Americo Monk, an "urban graphologist and graffiti semiotician" who records the city's illicit signs in a notebook he carries everywhere. As the novel opens, he's at 112th and San Pedro studying a traffic signal. His pregnant girlfriend, Karmann Ghia (yes, like the car), is hosting a rent party at the Los Angeles Harbor, where the two of them live in a maze-like assemblage of shipping containers. In Watts, police use unnecessary force during a traffic stop, sparking civil unrest and sending the city into a spiral of destruction fueled by long-simmering racial tension. Buildings burn, news crews report on the "senseless violence that rules the night," and the police respond with brutality, roadblocks, and curfews. Monk, trying to get home, makes his way south through a landscape of fire, ash, and smoke. But the riots — of which Monk is, mainly, a neutral though sympathetic observer — make progress difficult.
Monk's travels are picaresque, zig-zagging through southern Los Angeles and throwing him into the company of gang members and cops, musicians and exterminators, seers and novitiates, artists and radicals. He traces a tricky line: he's neither wholly black nor wholly white, and can appear, depending on the light and time of day, Mediterranean or African, Caucasian or Arabian — "a walking Rorschach mirror that perhaps reflects more of the beholder than the subject," as Lombardo puts it. Monk's notebook of graffiti makes him of interest to gangs and police alike. At various points, he is held hostage, given food and drink, interrogated, and offered various drugs, though he mostly refuses to partake. Meanwhile, Karmann grows increasingly worried. The party rages around her. Night passes into day, day back into night. She chases people away from her phone, hoping to hear from Monk, and fends off the approaches of multiple suitors.
Karmann is a latter-day Penelope, a baby Telemachus in her belly, and Monk is Odysseus, making his way back to the harbor while Los Angeles writhes in agony. Buttoning the story to the spine of the Odyssey serves the novel well. Without that structure, the story might collapse under its own weight, too many characters, too many details, too many vectors of movement. Instead, it is improbably resilient, deriving narrative energy from the series of trials Monk undergoes, many of which have clear links to Homer's epic: lotus-eaters in Chinatown, a cyclops in the tunnels under Los Angeles, a fortune teller near the Harbor Freeway. These connections work best when they're dense and layered, operating as conversations and arguments with the source; when they're on the surface, or treated as jokes, they're less effective, pinging the reader with the thrill of noticing them without doing the harder work of expanding the range of Homeric tropes. At one point, Monk is in the back of a Corvair when he hears angelic singing coming from a nightclub, "a soul aria that seems out of this world." He tries to get out, but he's strapped down by the unfamiliar mechanism of a seat belt, still somewhat new in 1965 — Odysseus lashed to the mast as his ships sails past the island of Sirens. "Honey, you don't want to go in there," the driver says to him. "Them girls are so hot you'll never leave." It's funny, but feels a little gratuitous. Then again, the episode of the Sirens is among the most recognizable moments in the Odyssey, and treating it in an offhand manner is perhaps the best way of paying homage.
The interpretative framework of the book coalesces in Monk. He's a guide to the city as much as he is a traveler of its streets, and his explications of graffiti illuminate the meanings hidden in the gang signs, murals, stencils, and culture-jamming stickers stuck over advertisements. But Monk is also aware that this world is unstable, precarious: "He knows that sometimes signs are like the new physics, that the rules break down; the semiotician struggles in the twilight of uncertainty: message, sender, receiver, meaning can shift, change in time and space." Communication is always contextual, always contingent, and the discrete order of the system that makes interpretation possible can disintegrate at any moment. Recording the signs and stories is, therefore, also an attempt at preservation:
This city is always changing, shedding its skin of underground signs and languages in paroxysms of destruction and rebirth, seething in a secret war between the dispossessed, who write its street histories, and the cops and power structures, who destroy unsanctioned communication through anti-graffiti paint crews and incarceration and intimidation: he will be their historian.
Along with his catalog of graffiti, Monk collects stories, preserving the city's counter-narratives. In Chinatown, Monk hears the story of the invention of the fortune cookie from a man named Shen Shen. On 127th Street, Monk runs into Miss Iva Toguri, who, once upon a time, was accused of being a "Tokyo Rose," the name given by GIs to the English-speaking women who broadcasted propaganda over Japanese airwaves in World War II. In an alley off Athens Way, he stumbles into the home of a woman who calls herself Queen Mab ("I'm not Mercutio, am I?" Monk jokes). She spins a story of slavery and emancipation laced with magic, runes, and secret societies. These stories, as related in Graffiti Palace, cannot be taken at face value. It's true the fortune cookie was invented in San Francisco; it's true a woman named Iva Toguri was put on trial for treason, though her trial was a travesty of justice and she was later pardoned; Queen Mab, for her part, is Circe (maybe) by way of Shakespeare. But Lombardo's versions of these stories are, like graffiti, exaggerated and colorful. His rendition of the history of fortune cookies mixes in haiku and the dozens. Miss Toguri's story is supplemented by invented details. As for Queen Mab's version of history, who knows? Even Monk is skeptical.
It would be satire — the exaggerated characters, the wild stories — if it were not so clear that the book's empathy is with the disaffected. During the riots, Monk is accosted by a white newscaster, Brey King (the pun in her name — "breaking news" — is characteristic of the writing), who wants to know why people are rioting. Monk's response:
"Ah, social inequalities, I guess," softly. "The inherent racism of a police force that's trapped in a Jim Crow past." Monk, realizing that being interviewed about the cops on TV is probably light-years from cool, slinks away. He scowls back at the white woman: What's the use talking to white people? He knows he shouldn't think like that, boxing her into some kind of simple racial equation, but she and her kind, aren't they doing the same thing to him? Most of the time the only communication between whites and blacks seems to be self-conscious, patronizing chatter about race … spoken words are signs too, and these feeble attempts at communication from the White Power Structure — the WhiPS graffiti copied in his notebook — are really miscommunication, static that walls in ignorance instead of tearing it down. Monk frowns: perhaps there is a limit to empathy, a gulf that can never truly be bridged between others.
The satirical impulse, however, sometimes wins out, and takes the writing too far in the direction of caricature, like when a Chinese character's speech is rendered with l's replacing r's. This feature of speech is so charged, so coded, that presenting it in this manner seems unnecessarily provocative. Many other characters in the novel, who are of a vast rainbow of ethnicities and backgrounds, also have their speech rendered phonetically (and use slang and nonstandard diction to boot), and other Chinese characters in the novel do not have their speech written in the same way — so the impulse is both universal to all and particular to each, and, it would seem, not derisive or scornful. But this, in particular, could have been handled better.
Lombardo's style is a heightened one: it's noticeable, draws attention to itself, revels in synonyms, metaphors, and exaggeration. The idea is, I think, not to show off the writer's skill, any more than other artists who work in styles that are insistently present. Instead, it's staking an aesthetic and philosophical claim that fiction can represent the lushness, diversity, and overflowing-ness of life — the abundance of both good and bad, large and small. In this, of course, Graffiti Palace is not alone. It's in a tradition that includes Thomas Pynchon, Toni Morrison, and the Herman Melville of Moby-Dick (the Melville of "Bartleby, the Scrivener," less so), writers who otherwise have very different concerns and approaches. And that is only to name a few writers, and only American ones. But this aesthetic of linguistic plenitude runs counter to a significant strain of American thinking about fiction, which emphasizes clarity, compactness, and terseness, the Protestant ethic made manifest not just in stories but in the very way they are told. It is therefore refreshing to encounter a writer going against that minimalist grain, making an argument for an aesthetic based in something other than cold hard gems of closely observed fact, written sparingly — which is not to dismiss that style of writing, but to say fiction is large, it can (and should) contain multitudes.
This style is not a simple celebration of life's variety and richness. It's the plenitude of John Coltrane's A Love Supreme: there's a lot going on, often teetering on the edge of cacophony, threatening to plunge headlong into the abyss, with only a few stray lines of melody as a guide through the chaos. Lombardo's most obvious literary forebear in this regard is Pynchon, and his text bears traces of Pynchon's influence. Characters sport absurd, quasi-synedochical names; ellipses dot the text like pepper; and there are insinuations of unseen and unknowable forces at work. And, like Pynchon, Lombardo often elides dialogue attribution or replaces it with a participle: "'Look, Officer Trench, you know me,' Monk trying to control the fear in his voice, 'it's just graffiti, art stuff, a hobby.'"
The attention to the surface of the text echoes the book's use of graffiti, which here becomes a multi-headed metaphor, a palace of possible meaning, and a method of subverting overarching narratives. Around halfway into Graffiti Palace, Monk comes across Jax GK — short for "Giant Killer" — and his partner, Sofia. Under cover of night, they attack billboards with spray cans, stencils, and stickers, transforming messages of domestic bliss and unthinking consumerism into indictments of the same. Out on a run with them, listening to the radio, Monk is perplexed by a white talk-show host's anger: "What the fuck do they have to be angry at? People driving in their cars, isolated, through all these streets and freeways, listening to these fools … no wonder everyone's pissed off and insane, afraid of everyone else." Sofia's response: "They clog all our senses with their propaganda. […] Eyes, ears … they'd inject their lies or wire our brains if they could figure out how, but we'll take it back, one street at a time."
Ultimately, Graffiti Palace itself is a performative resistance to authority, channeling the multiple contrasting voices and stories of Los Angeles into a mural exploding with color and contradictions. Or, perhaps, a building covered in illicit signs and arcane symbols:
Too many dots to connect … it's vertigo, any patterns that seem to coalesce only fade like shadows: sometimes he's sure the city is one giant graffito, a sprawling, urban uber-text that one day, with enough notebooks, he might unlock to reveal all its hidden codes. Sometimes the graffiti in his thoughts and notebook blur into the city's spray-painted icons, until his mind and the streets seem like one vast network of rainbow messages, the convolutions of his brain and the corridors of the city fused into one myriad, fantastic structure, like a palace of graffiti.
John Flynn-York writes fiction, essays, and book reviews. He is a co-founder and editor of Automata Review, and holds an MFA in Creative Writing from UC Riverside–Palm Desert.
The post Subversive Surfaces: "Graffiti Palace" by A. G. Lombardo appeared first on Los Angeles Review of Books.
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«Золота́ мали́на» (), також «Ра́ззі» (, від ) — американська сатирична кінопремія, якою щороку відзначають найгірші популярні та дорогі кінострічки, їхніх акторів, режисерів і сценаристів, саундтреки (музику) до стрічок тощо.

Кінопремія «Золота малина» є своєрідним антиподом кінопремії «Оскар». Показово, що за традицією номінанти «Золотої малини» оголошуються за день до оголошення оскарівських номінантів, лауреати — відповідно в переддень офіційної церемонії вручення «Оскарів».

Цікаві факти
 Сатиричну нагороду «Золота малина» вигадав у 1981 році голлівудський сценарист та публіцист Джон Вілсон. Відтоді номінантів та переможців визначають голосуванням 687 членів Фонду «Золота малина» (Golden Raspberry Award Foundation, GRAF). Воно проводиться в 45 штатах США та 19 зарубіжних країнах.
 Призом сатиричної кінопремії є пластикова ягода малини, недбало вкрита золотою фарбою з пульверизатора. Кожна така нагорода коштує менше 5 доларів, з урахуванням податку з продажів (у Каліфорнії він становить 8 %).
 Першими в історії лауреатами «Золотої малини» за найгіршу чоловічу і жіночу ролі були Ніл Даймонд і Брук Шилдс.
 Першим режисером, який особисто отримав нагороду на церемонії, став Пол Верговен.
 У 1997 року фільм «Листоноша» Кевіна Костнера став першим, що переміг в усіх п'яти номінаціях, де був представленим: фільм, режисер, сценарій, актор, саундтрек.
 Частими номінантами і лауреатами антипремії є номінанти і лауреати її серйозного аналога — «Оскара», а також дуже популярні зірки кіно, зокрема у 2000-ті роки ними неодноразово ставали Анджеліна Джолі і Дженніфер Лопес серед акторок і Арнольд Шварценеггер та Сильвестр Сталлоне — серед акторів.
 Серед зірок Голлівуду, які ставали лауреатами «Золотої малини», чимало номінантів та переможців премії американської кіноакадемії «Оскар» — Ніколас Кейдж, Бен Аффлек, Марлон Брандо, Лоуренс Олів'є, Фей Данавей та інші.
 Рекордсменом за кількістю антинагород є американська співачка Мадонна. Після 30-ї церемонії нагородження (2010 рік) поп-зірка мала 7 «Золотих малин» при 13 номінаціях. Та попри це, її не вважають найгіршою актрисою в історії. Вона зіграла в більш ніж двадцяти повнометражних фільмах. Деякі з них були високо оцінені критиками. Наприклад, за роль аргентинської політичної діячки Евіти Перон Мадонна отримала найпрестижнішу (після «Оскара») кінопремію «Золотий глобус».
 За всю історію вручення «Золотих малин» станом на 2012 рік з усіх акторів і актрис лише Геллі Беррі у 2004 році та Сандра Буллок у 2010 з'явилися на церемонію вручення антинагороди і навіть виголосили промови на кшталт тих, що виголошують під час вручення «Оскара».
 Першим діячем кінематографа, який в один рік отримав і «Золоту малину», і «Оскара», став сценарист Браян Гельґеленд — за фільми «Таємниці Лос-Анджелеса» і «Листоноша» в 1997 році.

 Сандра Буллок установила своєрідний рекорд: після вручення «Золотої малини» за роль у фільмі «Все про Стіва» вона вже на другий день отримала «Оскар» за роль у фільмі «Невидима сторона», тобто стала найгіршою і найкращою актрисою одночасно. Спеціально на церемонію вручення «Золотої малини» акторка принесла близько 300 копій DVD розкритикованого фільму і заявила кінокритикам, що ніхто з них його не бачив.
 — «Щось мені підказує, що ніхто з вас не бачив цей фільм. Мене б тут не було, якби ви дійсно його подивилися і зрозуміли, що я намагалася сказати. Кожен отримає копію!»
 У 2005 році за участь у фільмі «Фаренгейт 9/11» Майкла Мура «Золоту малину» отримала адміністрація Білого дому: президент Джордж Буш, міністр оборони Дональд Рамсфелд та радник з нацбезпеки Кондоліза Райс.
 «Сутінки Сага: Світанок — Частина 2» (2012) — фільм, що номінувався у 12-ти категоріях, з яких переміг у сімох, серед яких усі основні.
 У 2018 році вперше «Золоту малину» отримала повнометражна анімаційна стрічка «Емоджі Муві» . Вона перемогла в усіх чотирьох номінаціях, в яких представлялася: фільм, режисер, сценарій та найгірший екранний ансамбль.
 На 20-й церемонії (25 березня 2000 року) були названі найгірший фільм десятиліття — «Стриптизерки», найгірша нова зірка десятиліття — Полі Шор () та найгірші актори століття — Мадонна і Сільвестер Сталлоне, який на той момент мав 8 «Золотих малин» після 23 номінацій (на 2016 рік — 11 та 32 відповідно).
 На 30-й церемонії (6 березня 2010 року, Голлівуд) приз «Золота малина» як найгірший фільм десятиліття отримало «Поле битви — Земля» режисера Роджера Крістіана. Найгіршими акторами 2000—2009 рр. названі Періс Гілтон і Едді Мерфі.
 Абсолютний рекордсмен — фільм, який отримав «Золоту малину» в усіх номінаціях одразу — картина Адама Сендлера «Джек і Джилл» (2011).

Примітки

Кінопремії США


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Pickering Relicensing Hearing: 7 Key Submissions
May 18, 2014 / Janet McNeill
** Important! The transcript of the hearing is now available on the CNSC (Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission) Web site, here. 7 Heavy-Duty Submissions to Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission Pickering Relicensing Hearing (May 7/14.)
** Click on each person's name to see her/his submission.
Dr. Gordon Edwards of the Canadian Coalition for Nuclear Responsibility (CCNR) warns the Great Lakes could be seriously contaminated by a Pickering nuclear accident, given the problems with enormous volumes of radioactive water leaking from Fukushima. He cites Hydro-Québec President Thierry Vandal's 2013 testimony in Québec's National Assembly: "I would no more operate Gentilly-2 beyond 210,000 hours than I would climb onto an airplane that does not have its permits and that does not meet the standards. So, it is out of question for us to put anyone – i.e. us, the workers, the public, or the company – in a situation of risk in the nuclear domain. So this deadline of 210,000 hours, this is a hard deadline.'' Dr. Edwards remarks that at public hearings CNSC senior staff always seems to support the licensee, never asking them hard questions: "It almost seems like a tag-team effort – whatever one party says, the other party promptly reinforces." Edwards also deplores the fact that the CNSC disregards constructive suggestions aimed at reducing the nuclear risk by Dr. Sunil Nijhawan and Dr. Frank Greening, nuclear reactor specialists with over 20 years of experience in the nuclear safety field.
Dr. Michel Duguay holds a PhD in nuclear physics from Yale University and is a professor in the Department of electrical and computer engineering at Laval University. Duguay argues that OPG and CNSC staff are not in full compliance with Article 9 of the Nuclear Safety and Control Act (NSCA) of 1997. On 1 August 2013, in a letter to Honorable Joe Oliver, Duguay and 15 cosigners argued that the annual probability of a severe accident in the greater Toronto area is 100 times larger than the probability of a frequent flyer dying in a commercial airline flight. This situation does not comply with article 9(a) of the Act. Moreover article 9(b) is not complied with because OPG and CNSC do not inform the public in an objective scientific manner about the uncertainties that accompany their calculations of reactor accident probabilities. Duguay points out that OPG & CNSC do not have all the necessary information. For example, many of the hundreds of high-pressure "feeder pipes" have not been inspected, although it is known that corrosion could cause them to rupture, triggering a nuclear emergency. Neither OPG nor CSNC can give scientific information on those non-inspected feeder pipes because they do not have it.
Dr. Frank Greening senior research scientist retired from OPG, explained in his submission that OPG has used fault-tree software to carry out its "Probabilistic Risk Assessments (PRAs)," but has failed to disclose the methodology used to estimate the numerical inputs, to validate the computer programs and to quantify the many large uncertainties in the analysis. Moreover OPG did not disclose its new PRAs (obtained with post-Fukushima enhancements) until 29-30 April, seven days after the deadline for public intervention, and seven days before the May 7 public hearing. This is clearly unacceptable to anyone outside OPG who wishes to provide input into an informed decision on the continued operation of Pickering NGS – and this evidently includes the Commissioners themselves – thereby undermining the rationale for holding Public Hearings.
Theresa McClenaghan, representing the Canadian Environmental Law Association (CELA), filed her May 2013 paper titled "Emergency Planning at the Pickering Nuclear Generating Station." She argues that previous experience with the Chernobyl and Fukushima nuclear catastrophes shows that wide-ranging measures must be taken by municipalities and by the Province of Ontario in order to protect the health of citizens in case of a severe nuclear accident releasing large quantities of radioactive elements. Both OPG and the CNSC now acknowledge that such accidents could take place. CELA argues that the combined population of Pickering and neighboring cities, including Toronto, is so huge that a large-scale evacuation could not be carried out quickly enough to ensure adequate protection of men, women and children. Theresa McClenaghan states: "CELA recommends to the CNSC that it deny its operating licence to operate the Pickering reactors beyond their design life unless and until serious, capable, detailed offsite emergency planning for catastrophic accidents is finally in place."
Chris Rouse, representing New Clear Free Solutions, is an Engineering Technologist with a keen eye for details. He argues that the PRA methodology used by OPG and accepted by CNSC Staff is not following best practice, or even the guidance documents referenced in OPG's licence. He says OPG is dodging its responsibility for making a number of important safety improvements, such as installing a filtered vent – as other Canadian reactors have done – capable of filtering out 99% of the radioactivity in the event of a severe accident. As Rouse notes, Canada has an international obligation under the UN Convention on Nuclear Safety to either make improvements or shut the reactors down when safety limits are not met. Rouse highlights safety culture issues within CNSC and OPG similar to the institutional deficiencies that led to the Fukushima disaster.
Shawn-Patrick Stensil, spokesman for Greenpeace, filed a paper entitled "An Inconvenient truth: Pickering Exceeds Safety Limits." Last year Stensil and other interveners convinced the CNSC Commissioners to suspend consideration of OPG's request unless a convincing safety case can be presented at the May 7 Hearing. One year later, Stensil argues that OPG is still unable to satisfy basic safety criteria and strongly underestimates the probability of a severe nuclear accident that would release large amounts of radioactive elements into the environment. He urges the Commissioners to act in a precautionary manner by not allowing these six reactors to operate beyond the 210,000 hours that had been previously established as a safety limit.
Anna Tilman, representing the International Institute of Concern for Public Health (IICPH), in a paper reviewed by Dr. Gordon Albright, documents several technical problems of the CANDU reactors that could initiate a severe nuclear accident if the 210 000 hour limit is exceeded. Corrosion problems plague the many kilometers of pipes needed to cool the reactors. IICPH points out that OPG's probabilistic risk assessment (PRA) calculations are of dubious validity because of the large uncertainties associated with corrosion. The paper concludes: "Ignoring the potential risks of a major accident is contrary to the precautionary principle, which requires a project to err on the side of caution, especially where there is a large degree of uncertainty, or the risk of very great harm. To risk the mass destruction of people, property, and the natural environment that a serious accident at Pickering would cause, is completely unacceptable."
** note: Dr. Edwards has issued an amended statement:
Opposition Grows to 'Nuclear Gambling' at Pickering Correction re. Argentina's "Embalse" reactor
In a recent CCNR e-mail posting on May 6, 2014, entitled "Opposition Grows to 'Nuclear Gambling' at Pickering," it was stated that "CANDU reactors around the world -- those at Bruce (8), Quebec (1), New Brunswick (1), Korea (4) and Argentina (1) -- have been required to shut down permanently" before reaching 210,000 hours of full-power operation unless far-reaching safety improvements are made first, including the total replacement of all small-diameter pipes in the core cooling system.
It turns out that one of the 15 CANDU reactors referred to -- the one at Embalse in Argentina -- has been given permission to operate up to 220,000 hours before shutting down for a complete safety makeover ("refurbishment"), including replacing all its degraded pipes and tubes. So the sweeping statement that was made in the May 6 CCNR e-mail about ALL CANDU reactors being limited to 210,000 hours for safety reasons was incorrect; there is, in fact, one exception.
Note, however, that the extra 10,000 hours allowed to the Embalse Reactor's operation amounts to less than one and a half extra years (actually it is one year and five months) if we assume an 80% capacity factor. And it is also important to note that complete refurbishment of the Embalse reactor is still required, and still planned, even if it is delayed by about one and a half years.
The situation is quite different with the four Pickering B reactors just outside of Toronto.
Ontario Power Generation (OPG) is asking for permission to operate these geriatric Pickering reactors until 247,000 hours, without EVER doing a refurbishment -- not now, and not in the future. That extra 37,000 hours, beyond the 210,000-hour safety limit, corresponds to an extra 4 years and 3 months of full-power operation, or 5 years and 3 months of operation at 80% capacity.
OPG does not deny that a Core Damage Accident at one or more of these reactors is possible, and that a Large Release of Radioactivity in such an event is also possible, but they argue that the "probability" of such a disaster is sufficiently low that it should be permissible to "roll the dice". (In mathematical probability theory, any probabilistic event can be simulated by rolling a sufficiently large number of dice.)
During the May 7, 2014, hearing before the CNSC, however, OPG experts were unable to demonstrate that the probability of such a disaster is actually low enough to satisfy the regulations that have been laid down for such events. Astonishingly, OPG's experts told the Commissioners that they are confident that the probability does in fact meet those regulations, even though they are unable to carry out any analysis to verify that such is the case. Evidently OPG is drifting from a science-based approach to a hunch-based belief system. It remains to be seen whether the CNSC will allow such wooly thinking to prevail.
So the question remains. Is it worth gambling with the long-term viability of Toronto and the Great Lakes just so that OPG can keep operating these aging Pickering reactors for another few years, when there is plenty of surplus hydro-power in Quebec and Manitoba that could be purchased at less cost?
May 18, 2014 / Janet McNeill/ Comment
May 7th CNSC hearing, Pickering hold point hearing, transcript of hold point hearing