text:
package org.apache.hyracks.algebricks.core.algebra.plan;

import java.util.ArrayDeque;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.Comparator;
import java.util.Deque;
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.IdentityHashMap;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Objects;
import java.util.Set;
import java.util.stream.Collectors;

import org.apache.commons.collections4.CollectionUtils;
import org.apache.commons.lang3.mutable.Mutable;
import org.apache.hyracks.algebricks.common.exceptions.AlgebricksException;
import org.apache.hyracks.algebricks.common.utils.Pair;
import org.apache.hyracks.algebricks.core.algebra.base.ILogicalExpression;
import org.apache.hyracks.algebricks.core.algebra.base.ILogicalOperator;
import org.apache.hyracks.algebricks.core.algebra.base.ILogicalPlan;
import org.apache.hyracks.algebricks.core.algebra.base.LogicalExpressionTag;
import org.apache.hyracks.algebricks.core.algebra.base.LogicalVariable;
import org.apache.hyracks.algebricks.core.algebra.expressions.IVariableTypeEnvironment;
import org.apache.hyracks.algebricks.core.algebra.operators.logical.AbstractOperatorWithNestedPlans;
import org.apache.hyracks.algebricks.core.algebra.operators.logical.visitors.VariableUtilities;
import org.apache.hyracks.algebricks.core.algebra.prettyprint.IPlanPrettyPrinter;
import org.apache.hyracks.algebricks.core.algebra.typing.ITypingContext;
import org.apache.hyracks.algebricks.core.algebra.util.OperatorPropertiesUtil;
import org.apache.hyracks.algebricks.core.algebra.visitors.ILogicalExpressionReferenceTransform;

/**
 * Verifies plan structure and fails if it finds
 *

 *
a shared operator reference: {@code MutableObject<ILogicalOperator>}

 *
a shared operator instance: {@code ILogicalOperator} (except if it's a multi-output operator)

 *
a shared expression reference: {@code MutableObject<ILogicalExpression>}

 *
a shared expression instance {@code ILogicalExpression} (except if it's a {@code ConstantExpression})

 *

 */
public final class PlanStructureVerifier {

    private static final String ERROR_MESSAGE_TEMPLATE_1 = "shared %s (%s) in %s";

    private static final String ERROR_MESSAGE_TEMPLATE_2 = "shared %s (%s) between %s and %s";

    private static final String ERROR_MESSAGE_TEMPLATE_3 = "missing output type environment in %s";

    private static final String ERROR_MESSAGE_TEMPLATE_4 = "missing schema in %s";

    private static final String ERROR_MESSAGE_TEMPLATE_5 =
            "produced variables %s that intersect used variables %s on %s in %s";

    private static final String ERROR_MESSAGE_TEMPLATE_6 = "undefined used variables %s in %s";

    public static final Comparator<LogicalVariable> VARIABLE_CMP = Comparator.comparing(LogicalVariable::toString);

    private final ExpressionReferenceVerifierVisitor exprVisitor = new ExpressionReferenceVerifierVisitor();

    private final Map<Mutable<ILogicalOperator>, ILogicalOperator> opRefMap = new IdentityHashMap<>();

    private final Map<ILogicalOperator, ILogicalOperator> opMap = new IdentityHashMap<>();

    private final Map<Mutable<ILogicalExpression>, ILogicalOperator> exprRefMap = new IdentityHashMap<>();

    private final Map<ILogicalExpression, ILogicalOperator> exprMap = new IdentityHashMap<>();

    private final Deque<Pair<Mutable<ILogicalOperator>, ILogicalOperator>> workQueue = new ArrayDeque<>();

    private final Set<LogicalVariable> tmpVarSet1 = new HashSet<>();

    private final Set<LogicalVariable> tmpVarSet2 = new HashSet<>();

    private final IPlanPrettyPrinter prettyPrinter;

    private final ITypingContext typeEnvProvider;

    private boolean ensureTypeEnv;

    private boolean ensureSchema;

    public PlanStructureVerifier(IPlanPrettyPrinter prettyPrinter, ITypingContext typeEnvProvider) {
        this.prettyPrinter = prettyPrinter;
        this.typeEnvProvider = typeEnvProvider;
    }

    public void verifyPlanStructure(Mutable<ILogicalOperator> opRef) throws AlgebricksException {
        reset();
        ILogicalOperator op = opRef.getValue();
        // if root has type-env/schema then ensure that all children have them too
        ensureTypeEnv = typeEnvProvider.getOutputTypeEnvironment(op) != null;
        ensureSchema = op.getSchema() != null;
        walk(opRef);
        reset();
    }

    private void reset() {
        opRefMap.clear();
        opMap.clear();
        exprRefMap.clear();
        exprMap.clear();
        ensureTypeEnv = false;
        ensureSchema = false;
    }

    private void walk(Mutable<ILogicalOperator> opRef) throws AlgebricksException {
        if (!workQueue.isEmpty()) {
            throw new IllegalStateException();
        }
        workQueue.add(new Pair<>(opRef, null));
        for (;;) {
            Pair<Mutable<ILogicalOperator>, ILogicalOperator> p = workQueue.pollFirst();
            if (p == null) {
                break;
            }
            Mutable<ILogicalOperator> currentOpRef = p.first;
            ILogicalOperator currentOp = currentOpRef.getValue();
            ILogicalOperator parentOp = p.second;

            List<Mutable<ILogicalOperator>> childOps = visitOp(currentOpRef, parentOp);

            for (Mutable<ILogicalOperator> childOpRef : childOps) {
                ILogicalOperator childOp = childOpRef.getValue();
                if (!OperatorPropertiesUtil.isMultiOutputOperator(childOp) && opMap.containsKey(childOp)) {
                    throw new AlgebricksException(
                            "cycle: " + PlanStabilityVerifier.printOperator(childOp, prettyPrinter));
                }
                workQueue.add(new Pair<>(childOpRef, currentOp));
            }
        }
    }

    private List<Mutable<ILogicalOperator>> visitOp(Mutable<ILogicalOperator> opRef, ILogicalOperator parentOp)
            throws AlgebricksException {
        ILogicalOperator op = opRef.getValue();
        ILogicalOperator firstParentOp;
        firstParentOp = opRefMap.put(opRef, parentOp);
        if (firstParentOp != null) {
            raiseException(PlanStabilityVerifier.MSG_OPERATOR_REFERENCE,
                    PlanStabilityVerifier.printOperator(op, prettyPrinter), firstParentOp, parentOp);
        }

        if (OperatorPropertiesUtil.isMultiOutputOperator(op) && opMap.containsKey(op)) {
            // don't visit input ops because we've already looked at them
            return Collections.emptyList();
        }

        firstParentOp = opMap.put(op, parentOp);
        if (firstParentOp != null) {
            raiseException(PlanStabilityVerifier.MSG_OPERATOR_INSTANCE,
                    PlanStabilityVerifier.printOperator(op, prettyPrinter), firstParentOp, parentOp);
        }

        exprVisitor.setOperator(op);
        op.acceptExpressionTransform(exprVisitor);

        checkOperatorTypeEnvironment(op);
        checkOperatorSchema(op);
        checkOperatorVariables(op);

        List<Mutable<ILogicalOperator>> children = op.getInputs();
        if (op instanceof AbstractOperatorWithNestedPlans) {
            children = new ArrayList<>(children);
            for (ILogicalPlan nestedPlan : ((AbstractOperatorWithNestedPlans) op).getNestedPlans()) {
                children.addAll(nestedPlan.getRoots());
            }
        }
        return children;
    }

    private void checkOperatorTypeEnvironment(ILogicalOperator op) throws AlgebricksException {
        if (ensureTypeEnv && typeEnvProvider.getOutputTypeEnvironment(op) == null) {
            throw new AlgebricksException(
                    String.format(ERROR_MESSAGE_TEMPLATE_3, PlanStabilityVerifier.printOperator(op, prettyPrinter)));
        }
    }

    private void checkOperatorSchema(ILogicalOperator op) throws AlgebricksException {
        if (ensureSchema && op.getSchema() == null) {
            throw new AlgebricksException(
                    String.format(ERROR_MESSAGE_TEMPLATE_4, PlanStabilityVerifier.printOperator(op, prettyPrinter)));
        }
    }

    private void checkOperatorVariables(ILogicalOperator op) throws AlgebricksException {
        if (op instanceof AbstractOperatorWithNestedPlans) {
            return;
        }

        tmpVarSet1.clear();
        VariableUtilities.getUsedVariables(op, tmpVarSet1);
        if (!tmpVarSet1.isEmpty()) {
            ensureUsedVarsAreDefined(op, tmpVarSet1);
            ensureProducedVarsDisjointFromUsedVars(op, tmpVarSet1);
        }
    }

    private void ensureUsedVarsAreDefined(ILogicalOperator op, Collection<LogicalVariable> usedVars)
            throws AlgebricksException {
        if (!ensureTypeEnv) {
            return;
        }

        tmpVarSet2.clear();
        tmpVarSet2.addAll(usedVars);
        Set<LogicalVariable> usedVarsCopy = tmpVarSet2;

        for (Mutable<ILogicalOperator> childRef : op.getInputs()) {
            ILogicalOperator childOp = childRef.getValue();
            IVariableTypeEnvironment childOpTypeEnv = typeEnvProvider.getOutputTypeEnvironment(childOp);
            if (childOpTypeEnv == null) {
                throw new AlgebricksException(String.format(ERROR_MESSAGE_TEMPLATE_3,
                        PlanStabilityVerifier.printOperator(childOp, prettyPrinter)));
            }
            for (Iterator<LogicalVariable> i = usedVarsCopy.iterator(); i.hasNext();) {
                LogicalVariable usedVar = i.next();
                if (childOpTypeEnv.getVarType(usedVar) != null) {
                    i.remove();
                }
            }
        }
        if (!usedVarsCopy.isEmpty()) {
            throw new AlgebricksException(String.format(ERROR_MESSAGE_TEMPLATE_6, sorted(usedVarsCopy, VARIABLE_CMP),
                    PlanStabilityVerifier.printOperator(op, prettyPrinter)));
        }
    }

    private void ensureProducedVarsDisjointFromUsedVars(ILogicalOperator op, Set<LogicalVariable> usedVars)
            throws AlgebricksException {
        tmpVarSet2.clear();
        VariableUtilities.getProducedVariables(op, tmpVarSet2);
        Set<LogicalVariable> producedVars = tmpVarSet2;

        Collection<LogicalVariable> intersection = CollectionUtils.intersection(producedVars, usedVars);
        if (!intersection.isEmpty()) {
            throw new AlgebricksException(String.format(ERROR_MESSAGE_TEMPLATE_5, sorted(producedVars, VARIABLE_CMP),
                    sorted(usedVars, VARIABLE_CMP), sorted(intersection, VARIABLE_CMP),
                    PlanStabilityVerifier.printOperator(op, prettyPrinter)));
        }
    }

    private void raiseException(String sharedReferenceKind, String sharedEntity, ILogicalOperator firstOp,
            ILogicalOperator secondOp) throws AlgebricksException {
        String errorMessage;
        if (firstOp == secondOp) {
            errorMessage = String.format(ERROR_MESSAGE_TEMPLATE_1, sharedReferenceKind, sharedEntity,
                    PlanStabilityVerifier.printOperator(firstOp, prettyPrinter));
        } else {
            errorMessage = String.format(ERROR_MESSAGE_TEMPLATE_2, sharedReferenceKind, sharedEntity,
                    PlanStabilityVerifier.printOperator(firstOp, prettyPrinter),
                    PlanStabilityVerifier.printOperator(secondOp, prettyPrinter));
        }
        throw new AlgebricksException(errorMessage);
    }

    private <T> List<T> sorted(Collection<T> inColl, Comparator<T> comparator) {
        return inColl.stream().sorted(comparator).collect(Collectors.toList());
    }

    private final class ExpressionReferenceVerifierVisitor implements ILogicalExpressionReferenceTransform {

        private ILogicalOperator currentOp;

        void setOperator(ILogicalOperator currentOp) {
            this.currentOp = Objects.requireNonNull(currentOp);
        }

        @Override
        public boolean transform(Mutable<ILogicalExpression> exprRef) throws AlgebricksException {
            ILogicalExpression expr = exprRef.getValue();
            ILogicalOperator firstOp;
            firstOp = exprRefMap.put(exprRef, currentOp);
            if (firstOp != null) {
                raiseException(PlanStabilityVerifier.MSG_EXPRESSION_REFERENCE,
                        PlanStabilityVerifier.printExpression(expr, prettyPrinter), firstOp, currentOp);
            }
            if (expr.getExpressionTag() != LogicalExpressionTag.CONSTANT) {
                firstOp = exprMap.put(expr, currentOp);
                if (firstOp != null) {
                    raiseException(PlanStabilityVerifier.MSG_EXPRESSION_INSTANCE,
                            PlanStabilityVerifier.printExpression(expr, prettyPrinter), firstOp, currentOp);
                }
            }
            return false;
        }
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Q: Django display a photo from a model I've tried several of methods on how to retrieve an image from a model with no luck, this is where I'm at so far. I'd like to have the image show and when the user clicks on it, it opens a modal showing a projects detail.
models.py
class Project(models.Model):
   author = models.ForeignKey('auth.User')
   title = models.CharField(max_length=200)
   client = models.CharField(max_length=200)
   date = models.DateField(timezone.now())
   service = models.CharField(max_length=200)
   info = models.TextField()
   photo = models.ImageField(upload_to='ports/static/img/',
                          default='ports/static/img/port_photo.png',
                          height_field='photo_height',
                          width_field='photo_width',)
   photo_height = models.PositiveIntegerField(blank=True, default=900)
   photo_width = models.PositiveIntegerField(blank=True, default=650)
   created_date = models.DateTimeField(
    default=timezone.now)
   published_date = models.DateTimeField(
    blank=True, null=True)

index.html

    {% for project in projects %}

Portfolio

    {% endfor %}

views.py
from django.shortcuts import render
from .forms import ContactForm
from django.utils import timezone
from .models import Project
# Create your views here.

def index(request):
    form_class = ContactForm
    projects = Project.objects.filter(published_date__lte=timezone.now()).order_by('-published_date')
    return render(request, 'ports/index.html', {'form': form_class, 'projects': projects})

A: Look at your img tag. In the src attribute, you are using {{ projects.photo.url }}. So, you cannot get image from a queryset, you can only do so from an object of Project model. Use {{ project.photo.url }}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Objective statements describe your requirements and not the way you meet an employer's needs. Professional CVs should not be used universally. The functional summaries of a software engineer should not be overly long and be read on some pages.
First, they are not comprehensive. Instead, take the opportunity to make sure you do the best you can. Use your judgment. As always, you always have to prepare several resumes for different company forms.
Your portfolio is a way to communicate your skills, but it's a way to communicate your personality, your goals, and the way you've come to it. If you do not have a portfolio that is undoubtedly a red flag. A program portfolio can be a great way to differentiate yourself from others.
The short part contains basic information and a list of short skills. A website can be used to find information about you and / or you are looking for a great position for a job. To create a portfolio website. Where can I find your portfolio? Owning a portfolio website is available to you in many ways. Make sure you have more than one page so that the previous page does not become empty.
Many software engineers can afford to complete their work for a game. They make a big piece of the cake. For example, successful programmers are good problem solvers and excellent communicators. Remote work If you are part of a larger creation team.
Remember, your CV should always highlight the skills, experiences, and accomplishments that are most important to your career goals. Have a perfect knowledge of coding and a good CV. The first part is usually devoted to skills and knowledge.
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The easiest way to get a new job is through your personal and qualified network. Do not list every technology you use for each job. Mentioning your first job at the retail or restaurant may not be very good for the software developer.


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Mac maker, which had sued three men over leaking prerelease copies of the OS X version, reaches pact with final defendant.
Apple Computer has settled with the last of three men it said leaked prerelease versions of Mac OS X Tiger onto the Internet.
The company confirmed on Wednesday that it has reached a pact with David Schwartzstein, who had been a member of an Apple developer group.
In December 2004, Apple sued three men, as well as unnamed others, in federal court in San Jose, Calif. The company said the men had posted developer versions of Mac OS X 10.4 Tiger onto BitTorrent file-sharing servers ahead of the software's official release. It settled one of the cases this March and another in April.
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Most of the details of the settlement were not made public. However, according to a proposed order by Apple's lawyers, Schwartzstein is prohibited from possessing any confidential Apple information or from sharing any confidential data he may have learned through the Apple developer group.
The proposed order was posted to enthusiast site DrunkenBlog, which noted the deal on Wednesday.


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text:
CHICAGO MAYOR POSES WITH BARACK OBAMA ON SAME DAY SHE REFUSED TO MEET DONALD TRUMP
The Mayor of Chicago met with former President Barack Obama at a dinner on the same day she snubbed Donald Trump's first visit to the city.
Democrat Lori Lightfoot posted a picture of her and the 44th President of the United States at an Obama Foundation community dinner last night, saying his leadership "inspired millions to fight for change—and continues to do so today."
"Good to see you at tonight's @ObamaFoundation community dinner, and looking forward to collaborating on creating new opportunities for the city that we love," she said.
Her tweet with the former commander-in-chief appeared to be a subtle jab at President Trump, who used a speech at the International Association of Chiefs of Police conference earlier in the day to criticise Chicago.
The president's speech came after city authorities, including Lightfoot, refused to meet him and local protesters greeted his first appearance in Chicago with signs calling for his impeachment.
During Trump's speech to the IACP, he came down hard on Chicago, calling the Windy City "embarrassing to us as a nation" when it came to crime and also said Afghanistan was a "safe place by comparison."
The commander-in-chief also had choice words for Chicago Police Department Superintendent Eddie Johnson, who revealed he was also boycotting Trump's address in what he portrayed as a defence of "our city's core values."
"There's one person that's not here today," Trump told the IACP yesterday. "Where is he? I want to talk to him. In fact, more than anyone else this person should be here, because maybe he could learn something. And the Chicago superintendent of police, Eddie Johnson."
The president went on to accuse Johnson of "not doing his job" and called Chicago "the worst sanctuary city in America," referring to local authority reluctance to work with U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement personnel.
"It's no surprise that @realDonaldTrump brought his insulting, ignorant buffoonery to Chicago," Chicago Mayor Lightfoot tweeted in response. "Luckily, in this city, we know the truth and we will not let anyone—no matter how high the office—denigrate who we are as a people or our status as a welcoming city."
President @BarackObama, your leadership inspired millions to fight for change—and continues to do so today. Good to see you at tonight's @ObamaFoundation community dinner, and looking forward to collaborating on creating new opportunities for the city that we love. pic.twitter.com/DysGS1v1DW
— Mayor Lori Lightfoot (@chicagosmayor) October 29, 2019
The newly-elected Democrat later hit out at the president's "hateful and dishonest rhetoric" and instructed Trump to "go back to D.C. and face his fate."
"I stand by the Superintendent for living up to the values of this great city and its residents," she added.
Chicago Superintendent Johnson had his own response to the president. He told a press conference recorded by ABC News: "Today, the same police officers the president criticised for their inability to protect this city spent all day protecting him."
But Trump was not the only person who was unhappy about the superintendent's snub of Trump's IACP conference address.
In a Facebook post, Johnson's colleagues in Chicago Lodge No. 7 of the Fraternal Order of Police also expressed disappointment at his decision.
"The FOP would be extremely disappointed if Superintendent Eddie Johnson would disrespect President Trump by not attending the President's speech at the convention, as has been suggested in the media," they said.
"Such a gesture would be an insult to both President Trump and the office of the presidency itself and would be a mark of disgrace upon the city throughout the entire nation, including Mayor Lori Lightfoot."
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Do I need tickets for the Halloween Party?
Disney art experts - which Kincade to buy?
So what have you won?
Do AP blackout dates stay the same each year?
Thoughts on High School Musical Pep Rally?
No restaurants open after 8:30pm?
Using AP on a block-out date?
I thought some of you might enjoy this.
Where's all the new merchandise...?
What would you name the new Tom Sawyer's Island?
Early Entry... guidance needed, please!
When do [Christmas] holiday decorations go up?


Miss Cutie-Patootie went to a birthday party last week and wanted to wear something super-cute from her new stack of hand-me-down clothes. Then she asked me to take pictures…she is so funny! She loves her picture being taken.
Are you all busy with back-to-school shopping? We sure have been. My Fisher has grown like a weed this summer and all his pants are 2-4 inches too short. A few days ago I hit the thrift store in town and got him a whole new wardrobe of shirts for about $2 a piece, some new gym pants, and two lovely sweaters. I still need to find him some jeans, khakis, and a new church suit, but it seems the thrift store pants for boys are pretty worn out by the time they get there.
We are also stocking up on our favorite composition notebooks, pens & pencils, our FIAR (Five-In-A-Row) books for the year, lots of WWII books for my upcoming Hero Project class, Shakespeare stuff for Keziah, and getting the school room ready for our learning adventures. It is a lot of work, but oh, so much fun to get everything organized for a new year and to watch my children pour over their supplies.
Oh, my goodness, Annes. You are growing up! You look so adorable!!! Hugs!
Wow, she looks like Blythe in that picture. I always thought she looked more like Keziah. Hug that adorable munchkin for me.
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What are you doing with yourself now that school is out? What is your next big adventure?
Oh Sally! It is so good so "see" you here! How are you? Are you settling in down in Cedar? Are you guys all better or still under the weather. I just love you.


text:
Tecumseh Economic Development Director Jessica Sattler hired by regional agency
Mary Lowe
TECUMSEH — Tecumseh Economic Development Director Jessica Sattler has landed a big promotion with another regional agency — still in economic development.
Starting Jan. 2, Sattler will be a senior project manager for the Regional Growth Partnership, which has its headquarters in Toledo and covers 17 counties in northwestern Ohio as well as Monroe, Lenawee and Hillsdale counties in Michigan. The RGP is the lead economic development organization for the northwestern Ohio region and the local Jobs Ohio partner that focuses on site location for large foreign and domestic companies as well as working with existing businesses within the region to help with growth.
"I'm really excited about it. It allows me to utilize what I've learned here in my career at Tecumseh and my career before that to represent the entire region, which is excellent. Most of my role will be working with large businesses that already exist to help them with expansion, retention, any maybe pain points they might be having as well as trying to bring new businesses into the region," Sattler said. "This was a really difficult decision to make because I love the work that I do here at the city. But this enables me to do that work on a larger scale, make even more contributions and bring even more businesses to that area."
Sattler's job before being hired by the city of Tecumseh was director of regional economic engagement and economic development programs for the University of Toledo. Sattler's new boss encourages her continued work with the city of Tecumseh, and Sattler is not going away. Her office will be in her Tecumseh home.
"Having worked with Jessica in various capacities over the years, we're thrilled to have her join the RGP team," Dean Monske, president and CEO of the Regional Growth Partnership, said in a news release. "For more than 15 years, we have developed a close relationship with the economic development groups in Southeast Michigan, including the city of Tecumseh. Jessica's addition to our team provides us the opportunity to strengthen ties and further enhance that collaborative partnership."
Sattler's accomplishments in her nearly five years working for the city of Tecumseh include:
Landing the first business at the Tecumseh Business and Technology Campus.
Creating a new, customized marketing and attraction strategy for recruiting domestic and international companies to the city.
Assisting with the expansion of five businesses.
Recruiting several small businesses to Tecumseh.
Acting as staff liaison for the Downtown Development Authority.
Overseeing more than $2.5 million invested in the downtown district.
Raising more than $250,000 in grants and sponsorships.
Helping to launch new events and programs like the Summer Beach Party, Merry & Bright, and the Martin Luther King Community Spirit scholarship.
Launching three new websites for the city, downtown and Adrian Tecumseh SmartZone.
Rebranding the Downtown Tecumseh logo.
Rebranding the Adrian Tecumseh SmartZone logo.
Helping Tecumseh achieve state of Michigan Redevelopment Ready Community status.
Serving on several boards like the chamber, Lenawee County Land Bank, YMCA, Lenawee County economic development committee and the Raisin Township parks and recreation committee.
Helping businesses through the COVID-19 pandemic with grants, marketing, reopening kits and the "I Support Tecumseh" fundraiser.
"Jessica has contributed not only a tremendous amount of knowledge, but also heart and soul to the City's Economic Development Department over the last five years. While we are all sad she will be leaving the city, we look forward to working with her in this expanded regional role. The city has a great working relationship with others that have accepted new positions to develop their careers, and we have no doubt we will have a similar connection with Jessica," Tecumseh City Manager Dan Swallow said in a news release. "With Jessica's help, we have completed the recruitment profile to fill the position, and will start advertising and reaching out to economic development professionals in our area over the holidays. We anticipate welcoming a new person in early 2023, and in the interim will be communicating with our local businesses to make sure we don't miss a beat."
Tecumseh Mayor Jack Baker wishes Sattler well.
"Any time someone can further their career, I will always be supportive of that," Baker said in the news release. "As someone who has worked with all of the economic development directors we've employed since the position's inception (1995), I'm proud to say that all four had their own unique way of making this department what I had hoped it would become. Additionally, I wish Jessica the best in her new position, and I know that she'll excel in her new position as she did here with us."


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Soccer is the worldwide the most watched sport, the players are the most recognized by fans, and even those who are not soccer fans do know the main players and soccer players are also amongst the highest paid when it comes to athletes.
But then again, why would you use words to explain why it is the sport that reign supreme when the numbers have so much more power. Billions across the world love soccer more than any other sports game, which is why it is watched by over a quarter of a billion individuals in more than one-hundred-and-fifty countries.
As astonishing as the story of soccer is in words, it can never have the same power as telling it in numbers, starting with the number of soccer spectators that is over 4 billion worldwide. It is also named the sport of the masses as it reaches a huge audience and it is the most famous sport, around two-thirds of the population globally are followers of the LaLiga, UEFA League, FIFA World Cup and the English Premier League. Apart from the audience, it is also the sport that pays the highest transfer prices.
It comes as no surprise that the FIFA World Cup is the most watches and reaches an audience of 3.5 billion in 2014. More than half of the global population tuned in to watch the 2018 FIFA world cup and that is if the global audience includes everyone over the age of four. In comparison, the Olympic Games are watched by an audience of around 2 billion and the Tour de France by 2.6 billion viewers.
With a net worth of $450 million, Christiano Ronaldo was the wealthiest in 2018. His endorsements are worth $47 million, and his salary at Real Madrid is around $61 million including bonuses a year. Lionel Messi is was worth $400 million last year, and his endorsements came to around $27 million a year, while his bonuses and salary are estimated at $84 million a year.
According to Statistics Portal in 2018, Manchester United had a $1.9 billion brand value, which increased from $1.8 billion in 2017. The statistics also show that the team received 38.1 million pounds in broadcasting payments. The figures will change in 2019, it will increase as soccer has never failed to attract more fans, and without a doubt, the teams will enjoy more support than ever.


text:
\subsection*{Acknowledgments}

A.J. wishes to thank his hosts at the Nuclear Physics Institute in
\v{R}e\v{z}, where this work was initiated. The research has been
partially supported by the GAAS grant 1048801. We are grateful to
V.~Geyler for making Ref.~21 available to us prior to publication.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


Evaluating current performance and monitoring changes over time is the foundation for continuous improvement. ACUI joined forces with Educational Benchmarking Inc. (EBI) to develop assessment tools for college union and student activities professionals. After significant input from a task force of ACUI professionals, a college union and student activities student user survey was launched in 2000 and has been widely used ever since.
Many colleges and universities have participated in this study that provided systematic user feedback on activities and services. Participating schools were able to choose other college union and student activities operations against which to confidentially compare their students' responses. Results are being effectively utilized to support assessment, strategic planning, and continuous improvement efforts.
Student survey results can play a powerful role in your college union and student activities operation's overall assessment strategy. The study, with the Custom Statistical Analysis Report option, provides a clear picture of your performance and the importance of various union functions to your students. With the evidence provided by this study you can confirm successes, support change, develop strategic plans, and allocate resources with confidence.
Since that time, ACUI and EBI also have worked together on a student activities assessment and a student leadership assessment that institutions can use to measure the effectiveness of their student development programs in achieving desired learning outcomes and advancing institutional missions. For detailed information on all these assessment options, including sample form analysis, visit the EBI Web site.
The data collected through these partnership assessments with EBI will enable participating professionals to develop new insights related to their practice of the ACUI Core Competencies of facilities management, fiscal management, human resource development, management, marketing, planning, and student learning.


In the evocative setting of the Rocca di Montestaffoli, near Piazza Duomo, there will be a tasting of wines from many wineries in the San Gimignano area.FRIDAY 10 AUGUST 2018 from 09.00 p.m.Ticket: € 10.00.
San Gimignano in October is beautiful.The days are still warm, there is no confusion of summer and therefore no queue to museums, restaurants, bars.San Gimignano is a "size of man".Contact us to know room promotions, with discounts ranging from 10% to 20%.
March 2017 : a present for you!
Sabato 30 Luglio 2016, ore 21.30, in Piazza Duomo a San Gimignano ci sarà il concerto degli Stadio in "Miss Nostalgia Tour". La prevendita dei biglieti viene effettuata presso la Pro Loco di San Gimignano.
In the most charming settings of San Gimignano, from June until October, every Tuesday at 6.30 p.m. and every Thursday at 9.30 p.m. there will be sacra music concerts, or baroque, or lyric opera. Information and tickets at Pro Loco San Gimignano.
Mercantia is the biggest International Festival of Street Theater in Italy. It is set every year in the medieval town of Certaldo Alto (Florence), about 10 km from San Gimignano. This year it will be from 13th until 17th July 2016. Contact us to book your stay and to know our offers.
30% discount for the nights of April 30 and May 1, 2015 in the beautiful Suite Musciatto, room with private balcony.
The event will take place on 5 and 6 December 2015, from 6 pm to 10 pm in the historic center.You come to see it and you book your stay with us, you will find yourself immersed in the show!
If you want to spend the first days of autumn in San Gimignano, come visit us. From 02 October to 05 October 2015 you will get a discount of 20% on our suite "Musciatto".
For the night of San Lorenzo, a 10% discount on all rooms for a minimum stay of 2 nights.
From July 15 to 19 in Certaldo there is a "28 th International Festival of Street Theatre". The event is unique and unmissable! Book now your stay.
A good opportunity to stay with us with a discount of 10% on all rooms.
15% discount on the night of May 2 for the Junior Suite Boniface VIII.
30% discount per night for the Suite "Musciatto", room with a panoramic view. Offer valid for the days 24-25-26 April 2015 with arrivals before 06.00 p.m.
Exclusive proposals to live a wonderful stay in San Gimignano.


3/12/10: The following are some pictures of the vineyard now that the snow has melted. Temps reached 61*F this day.
I had posted this in the Blog but I thought it was important to show that when a person plans for a vineyard they have to take in what will heavy snow or water do to my land and will it pool? The cause of what you see in the picture was heavy rains on top of the rain showers we have had on and off all that week had dumped a little over an inch of rain in about 1 1/2 hours so the creek on the backside of the property flooded, the good news was is that only grass was underwater and it gave me a chance to see what the yard would look like in flood stage. Looks like I had good planning (some luck, no one can fully plan for floods) as far as the vineyard placement. It was still high and dry after the heavy rain.


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What was the most difficult thing for you when you were recognized as a young GM?
The most difficult part of being recognized as a young GM was that others were not willing to listen, as they felt that I did not have enough experience to make decisions. This is a common struggle amongst the younger generation, as they often face situations in which people listened more to managers who were older and with more experience.
I had been advised to drive my team members with the assumption that they will unconditionally walk for me. However, I learnt that a better method is to drive people by motivating and empowering them to perform in their roles.
I am both, because I personally believe that you need the qualities of both to be a successful general manager. It is good to be a lobby GM because guests love it. For this reason, our managers-on-duty are required to be at the lobby every day, as guests feel more special when they are being greeted and accommodated by high management. However, it is also very important to be a numbers GM, because it is essentially the Number one priority for the business. If the numbers are good, then all is under control. No matter what your personal preference is, dealing with numbers is inevitable. However, I find that when you make guests happy, they come back, and this helps with the numbers. Therefore, both concepts go hand in hand with each other.
My darkest moment was during the pre-opening of Shama Sukhumvit Bangkok. As it was my first time being a general manager, dealing with a pre-opening was already quite tough. However, what made this even more challenging was that the yellow / red-shirt political demonstration happened at exactly the same time as our event. It was a very difficult obstacle that I had to fight through.
The way I dealt with people. In the past, I was very results-driven and did not focus on my team members. In time, I realized that people should be motivated and empowered when carrying out their tasks, and the results will come in. I believe that we should be tough on standards but soft on people.
The new generation is very creative, and we are big dreamers. We can therefore sometimes lose focus of cost control. The important thing is to find a balance – we can still be big dreamers and make our dreams come true, whilst being cost-conscious with good planning.


And now, the (again, optional) prompt. Many of us have read and even written love poems. But have you written an un-love poem? An un-love poem isn't a poem of hate, exactly — that might be a bit too shrill or boring. It's more like a poem of sarcastic dislike.
with a child's eagerness on Christmas Eve.
I relinquished the weight of Religion.
I shed that skin years ago.
My Spirit has never been freer!
I'm able to speak about it now.
I can joke w/ the cosmic clowns.
They contact me down at the river.
They say, What a sham you bought into!
but I have become sublime!
They ask, What did it for you?
They wondered, What did you find?
Still unsure, What do you mean?
They, You are wise, earthling.


text:
BOOK OF DAYS TALES
A Recipe for every day of the year
Chameleon Cooking
Food and Culture Add comments
Today is the birthday (1868) of Captain Robert Falcon Scott, CVO, RN, a British Royal Navy officer and explorer who led two expeditions to the Antarctic regions: the Discovery Expedition, 1901–04, and the ill-fated Terra Nova Expedition, 1910–13. On the first expedition, he set a new southern record by marching to latitude 82°S and discovered the Polar Plateau, on which the South Pole is located. During the second venture, Scott led a party of five which reached the South Pole on 17 January 1912, only to find that they had been preceded by Roald Amundsen's Norwegian expedition. On their return journey, Scott's party discovered plant fossils, proving Antarctica was once forested and joined to other continents. At a distance of 150 miles from their base camp and 11 miles from the next depot, Scott and his companions died from a combination of exhaustion, starvation and extreme cold.
Before his appointment to lead the Discovery Expedition, Scott had followed the conventional career of a naval officer in peacetime Victorian Britain. In 1899, he had a chance encounter with Sir Clements Markham, the president of the Royal Geographical Society, and learned for the first time of a planned Antarctic expedition. A few days later, on 11 June, Scott appeared at the Markham residence and volunteered to lead the expedition.[2] Having taken this step, his name became inseparably associated with the Antarctic, the field of work to which he remained committed during the final twelve years of his life.
Following the news of his death, Scott became an iconic British hero, a status reflected by the many permanent memorials erected across the nation. In the closing decades of the 20th century, the legend was reassessed as attention focused on the causes of the disaster that ended his and his comrades' lives. From a previously unassailable position, Scott became a figure of controversy, with questions raised about his competence and character. Commentators in the 21st century have on the whole regarded Scott more positively, emphasizing his personal bravery and stoicism while acknowledging his errors and, more recently, errors by his team members, but ascribing the expedition's fate primarily to misfortune.
When I learnt about Scott in school in the 1950s and'60s he was generally regarded as a hero and there was not a lot said about his mistakes. I did think it was a bad idea to use ponies and motorized vehicles for hauling supplies (and if I remember rightly, my teacher said something about it too). But it was not made much of. The focus was most definitely on the whole party's courage against the odds. The 1948 film Scott of the Antarctic, which I saw on television, said much the same thing. I did not know the whole story. Here it is, and you can decide for yourselves.
Ernest Shackleton forged an expedition to the Pole from 1907 to 1909, but returned from the Antarctic having narrowly failed to reach the Pole. This gave Scott the impetus to proceed with his own plans for his second Antarctic expedition. On 24 March 1909, he had taken the Admiralty-based appointment of naval assistant to the Second Sea Lord which placed him conveniently in London. In December he was released on half-pay, to take up the full-time command of the British Antarctic Expedition 1910, to be known as the Terra Nova Expedition from its ship, Terra Nova.
It was the expressed hope of the Royal Geographic Society (RGS) that this expedition would be "scientific primarily, with exploration and the Pole as secondary objects" but Scott stated that its main objective was "to reach the South Pole, and to secure for the British Empire the honor of this achievement".
In a memorandum of 1908, Scott presented his view that man-hauling to the South Pole was impossible and that motor traction was needed. Snow vehicles did not yet exist however, and so his engineer Reginald Skelton developed the idea of a caterpillar track for snow surfaces. In the middle of 1909 Scott realized that motors were unlikely to get him all the way to the Pole, and decided additionally to take horses (based on Shackleton's near success in attaining the Pole, using ponies), and dogs and skis after consultation with Norwegian explorer Fridtjof Nansen during trials of the motors in Norway in March 1910. Man-hauling would still be needed on the Polar Plateau, on the assumption that motors and animals could not ascend the crevassed Beardmore Glacier.
Dog expert Cecil Meares was going to Siberia to select the dogs, and Scott ordered that, while he was there, he should deal with the purchase of Manchurian ponies. Meares was not an experienced horse-dealer, and the ponies he chose proved mostly of poor quality, and ill-suited to prolonged Antarctic work. Meanwhile, Scott also recruited Bernard Day, from Shackleton's expedition, as his motor expert.
On 15 June 1910, Scott's ship Terra Nova, an old converted whaler, set sail from Cardiff. Scott meanwhile was fundraising in Britain and joined the ship later in South Africa. Arriving in Melbourne in October 1910, Scott received a telegram from Amundsen stating: "Beg leave to inform you Fram proceeding Antarctic Amundsen," indicating that Scott faced a race to the pole.
The expedition suffered a series of early misfortunes which hampered the first season's work and impaired preparations for the main polar march. On its journey from New Zealand to the Antarctic, Terra Nova nearly sank in a storm and was then trapped in pack ice for 20 days, far longer than other ships had experienced, which meant a late-season arrival and less time for preparatory work before the Antarctic winter. At Cape Evans in Antarctica, one of the motor sledges was lost during its unloading from the ship, breaking through the sea ice and sinking. Deteriorating weather conditions and weak, unacclimatized ponies affected the initial depot-laying journey, so that the expedition's main supply point, One Ton Depot, was laid 35 miles (56 km) north of its planned location at 80° S. Lawrence Oates, in charge of the ponies, advised Scott to kill ponies for food and advance the depot to 80° S, which Scott refused to do. Oates is reported as saying to Scott, "Sir, I'm afraid you'll come to regret not taking my advice." Four ponies died during this journey either from the cold or because they slowed the team down so they were shot.
On its return to base, the expedition learned of the presence of Amundsen, camped with his crew and a large contingent of dogs in the Bay of Whales, 200 miles (320 km) to their east. Scott conceded that his ponies would not be able to start early enough in the season to compete with Amundsen's cold-tolerant dog teams for the pole, and also acknowledged that the Norwegian's base was closer to the pole by 60 miles. Shortly afterwards, the death toll among the ponies increased to six, two drowning when sea-ice unexpectedly disintegrated, casting in doubt the possibility of reaching the pole at all. However, during the 1911 winter Scott's confidence increased; on 2 August, after the return of a three-man party from their winter journey to Cape Crozier, Scott wrote, "I feel sure we are as near perfection as experience can direct."
Scott outlined his plans for the southern journey to the entire shore party, but left open who would form the final polar team. Eleven days before Scott's teams set off towards the pole, Scott gave the dog driver Meares the following written orders at Cape Evans dated 20 October 1911 to secure Scott's speedy return from the pole using dogs:
About the first week of February I should like you to start your third journey to the South, the object being to hasten the return of the third Southern unit [the polar party] and give it a chance to catch the ship. The date of your departure must depend on news received from returning units, the extent of the depot of dog food you have been able to leave at One Ton Camp, the state of the dogs, etc … It looks at present as though you should aim at meeting the returning party about March 1 in Latitude 82 or 82.30
The march south began on 1 November 1911, a caravan of mixed transport groups (motors, dogs, horses), with loaded sledges, traveling at different rates, all designed to support a final group of four men who would make a dash for the Pole. The southbound party steadily reduced in size as successive support teams turned back. Scott reminded the returning surgeon Edward Atkinson of the order "to take the two dog-teams south in the event of Meares having to return home, as seemed likely". By 4 January 1912, the last two four-man groups had reached 87° 34′ S. Scott announced his decision: five men (Scott, Edward Wilson, Henry Bowers, Lawrence Oates and Edgar Evans) would go forward, the other three (Teddy Evans, William Lashly and Tom Crean) would return. The chosen group marched on, reaching the Pole on 17 January 1912, only to find that Amundsen had preceded them by five weeks. Scott's anguish is indicated in his diary: "The worst has happened"; "All the day dreams must go"; "Great God! This is an awful place."
The deflated party began the 800-mile (1,300 km) return journey on 19 January. "I'm afraid the return journey is going to be dreadfully tiring and monotonous", wrote Scott on that day. However, the party made good progress despite poor weather, and had completed the Polar Plateau stage of their journey, approximately 300 miles (500 km), by 7 February. In the following days, as the party made the 100-mile (160 km) descent of the Beardmore Glacier, the physical condition of Edgar Evans, which Scott had noted with concern as early as 23 January, declined sharply. A fall on 4 February had left Evans "dull and incapable", and on 17 February, after another fall, he died near the glacier foot.
Meanwhile back at Cape Evans, the Terra Nova arrived at the beginning of February, and Atkinson decided to unload the supplies from the ship with his own men rather than set out south with the dogs to meet Scott as ordered. When Atkinson finally did leave south for the planned rendezvous with Scott, he encountered the scurvy-ridden Edward ("Teddy") Evans who needed his urgent medical attention. Atkinson therefore tried to send the experienced navigator Wright south to meet Scott, but chief meteorologist Simpson declared he needed Wright for scientific work. Atkinson then decided to send the short-sighted assistant zoologist Apsley Cherry-Garrard on 25 February, who was not able to navigate, only as far as One Ton depot (which is within sight of Mount Erebus), effectively cancelling Scott's orders for meeting him at latitude 82 or 82.30 on 1 March.
On the return journey from the Pole, Scott reached the 82.30°S meeting point for the dog teams, three days ahead of schedule, noting in his diary for 27 February 1912 "We are naturally always discussing possibility of meeting dogs, where and when, etc. It is a critical position. We may find ourselves in safety at the next depot, but there is a horrid element of doubt." By March 10 it became evident the dog teams were not coming: "The dogs which would have been our salvation have evidently failed. Meares [the dog-driver] had a bad trip home I suppose. It's a miserable jumble." With 400 miles (670 km) still to travel across the Ross Ice Shelf, Scott's party's prospects steadily worsened as, with deteriorating weather, a puzzling lack of fuel in the depots, hunger and exhaustion, they struggled northward. In a farewell letter to Sir Edgar Speyer, dated March 16, Scott wondered whether he had overshot the meeting point and fought the growing suspicion that he had in fact been abandoned by the dog teams: "We very nearly came through, and it's a pity to have missed it, but lately I have felt that we have overshot our mark. No-one is to blame and I hope no attempt will be made to suggest that we had lacked support." On the same day, Oates, whose toes had become frostbitten, voluntarily left the tent and walked to his death. Scott wrote that Oates' last words were "I am just going outside and may be some time".
After walking 20 miles farther despite Scott's toes now becoming frostbitten, the three remaining men made their final camp on 19 March, 11 miles (18 km) short of One Ton Depot. The next day a fierce blizzard prevented their making any progress. During the next nine days, as their supplies ran out, and with storms still raging outside the tent, Scott and his companions wrote their farewell letters. Scott gave up his diary after 23 March, save for a final entry on 29 March, with its concluding words: "Last entry. For God's sake look after our people". He left letters to Wilson's mother, Bowers' mother, a string of notables including his former commander Sir George Egerton, his own mother and his wife. He also wrote his "Message To The Public", primarily a defense of the expedition's organization and conduct in which the party's failure is attributed to weather and other misfortunes, but ending on an inspirational note, with these words:
We took risks, we knew we took them; things have come out against us, and therefore we have no cause for complaint, but bow to the will of Providence, determined still to do our best to the last … Had we lived, I should have had a tale to tell of the hardihood, endurance, and courage of my companions which would have stirred the heart of every Englishman. These rough notes and our dead bodies must tell the tale, but surely, surely, a great rich country like ours will see that those who are dependent on us are properly provided for.
Scott is presumed to have died on 29 March 1912, or possibly one day later. The positions of the bodies in the tent when it was discovered eight months later suggested that Scott was the last of the three to die.
The bodies of Scott and his companions were discovered by a search party on 12 November 1912 and their records retrieved. Their final camp became their tomb; a high cairn of snow was erected over it, topped by a roughly fashioned cross. In January 1913, before Terra Nova left for home, a large wooden cross was made by the ship's carpenters, inscribed with the names of the lost party and Tennyson's line from his poem Ulysses: "To strive, to seek, to find, and not to yield", and was erected as a permanent memorial on Observation Hill, overlooking Hut Point.
Oxo was one of the sponsors of Scott's expedition. Concentrated meat extract was invented by Justus von Liebig around 1840 and commercialized by Liebig's Extract of Meat Company (Lemco) starting in 1866. The original product was a viscous liquid containing only meat extract and 4% salt. In 1899, the company introduced the trademark Oxo for a cheaper version; the origin of the name is unknown, but presumably comes from the word 'ox'. The first Oxo cubes were produced in 1910 and further increased Oxo's popularity, as the cubes were cheaper than the liquid. This means that Scott did not take Oxo cubes to the Antarctic but presumably took meat extract.
I've always been a fan of Oxo cubes using them as a simple hot drink when I want something besides mate or tea, or when I need a lift when convalescent. I also use them quite often to enliven soups and stews. Here's Oxo's recipe site for beef cubes (they now make several flavors) http://www.oxo.co.uk/recipes They're not very imaginative I'm afraid, but you get the general idea.
One of my personal favorites is beef and barley soup, warming for polar weather. It's much like Scotch Broth but with beef instead of lamb, and you can ring the changes with the vegetables (https://www.bookofdaystales.com/st-andrew/). My heuristic recipe:
©Beef and Barley Soup
Chop an onion and sauté in olive oil over medium heat in a heavy stock pot until golden. Set aside, heat the remaining oil to high, and brown 1 pound of lean beef, cut in bite-sized pieces, on all sides. Add 2 pints of water, 2 cups of pearl barley, and 2 Oxo cubes. Bring to a boil and simmer.
Whilst on the simmer you can chop and add what you want in the way of veggies and herbs. I always add the green parts of leeks (well scrubbed), and sometimes carrots. For flavor I use freshly ground black pepper, fresh parsley, and thyme. You can add rosemary as well if you like. I never add salt to my recipes, especially here because the Oxo cubes have enough.
Simmer until the barley is cooked, about an hour, adding more water as needed. Add the white parts of leeks cut into thin rounds, adjust the seasonings, and simmer for about 10 minutes more.
Serve in deep bowls with crusty bread.
Posted by admin at 9:39 pm	Tagged with: barley, beef, Oxo, recipe, Robert Falcon Scott, soup, south pole
Uncle Tom's Cabin Knud Rasmussen
My name is Juan Alejandro Forrest de Sloper. Daily I post an anniversary with a suitable recipe du jour. Although the anniversary material is often really prominent, try to remember that, first and foremost, this is a FOOD BLOG.
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Today is the celebration of St Anthony or Anthony the Great, (251 – 356), a Coptic monk from Egypt, distinguished from other saints named Anthony such as Anthony of Padua, by various epithets of his own: Anthony of Egypt, Anthony the Abbot, Anthony of the Desert, Anthony the Anchorite, Anthony the Hermit, and Anthony of […]
Today is the saint's day of Adrian (also spelled Hadrian) of Canterbury (c.637—710). He was a North African scholar in Anglo-Saxon England and the abbot of Saint Peter's and Saint Paul's in Canterbury. He was a noted teacher and commentator of the Bible. According to Bede, he was a Berber from North Africa, and abbot […]
Today is the birthday (1891 [O.S. December 27, 1890]) of Bronislava Nijinska (Polish: Bronisława Niżyńska; Russian: Бронисла́ва Фоми́нична Нижи́нская), a Polish ballet dancer, and an innovative choreographer. She was part of a well-known family of professional dancers, including her brother, Vaslav Nijinsky with whom she frequently collaborated. She began her training in various dance techniques, […]
The Christmas Truce
The Christmas Truce was a series of widespread, unofficial ceasefires that took place along the Western Front around Christmas 1914, during World War I. Through the week leading up to Christmas, parties of German and British soldiers began to exchange seasonal greetings and songs between their trenches; on occasion, the tension was reduced to the […]
Today is the birthday (1915) of Édith Piaf, famed French singer who became a national icon in France, and still has an ardent following worldwide (myself included). I decided to start the post with a recording of one her most famous songs, rather than the usual portrait or icon, so that you could see her […]
Today is the anniversary (1903) of the the Wright brothers, Orville (August 19, 1871 – January 30, 1948) and Wilbur (April 16, 1867 – May 30, 1912), making the first controlled, powered and sustained heavier-than-air human flight. From 1905 to 1907, the brothers developed their flying machine into the first practical fixed-wing aircraft. Although not […]
Supposedly on this date in 1307 William Tell shot an arrow into an apple on his son's head. The legend as told by Tschudi (ca. 1570) reports that William Tell, who originally came from Bürglen, was known as a strong man, mountain climber, and an expert shot with the crossbow. In his time, the Habsburg […]
On this date in 1602 the Bodleian Library, Oxford University's main library, opened for use. It has been in continuous service ever since, growing considerably over the years (now holding an estimated 11 million books). It was where I studied and did research as an undergraduate, and I still occasionally visit when I need to […]
Today is the feast day of St Francis of Assisi, without doubt one of the best known and best loved saints of all time. He is probably most frequently remembered as a lover of animals, and because he is the patron saint of animals, his feast day was chosen in 1931 as World Animal Day, […]
Today is Michaelmas, or, more formally, the Feast of St Michael and All Angels. In times past it was a very important day in the calendar marking the beginning of autumn (in the northern hemisphere), the end of the summer harvests, and, therefore a time for reckoning up – farm laborers got paid, as did […]
Today is the birthday (1774) of John Chapman, generally known as Johnny Appleseed, Swedenborgian Christian missionary, early conservationist, and folk hero. Chapman was known as Johnny Appleseed because of his large number of fruit tree plantings. He is regarded informally as the patron saint of orchardists in the U.S.A., and today is commonly celebrated as […]
Darwin and the Galápagos Islands
On this date in 1835, HMS Beagle, with Charles Darwin aboard, reached the Galápagos Islands. The ship landed at Chatham, or San Cristobal, the easternmost island of the archipelago. His visit to the Galápagos Islands is justly famous because of the observations he made there that helped him develop the general principles of natural selection. […]
International Chocolate Day
Today is International Chocolate Day. Well, actually, there are several dates that lay claim to this distinction, but I have chosen this one because it's a slow day in the anniversary world. I could give you a whole song and dance about the history of chocolate, but I'm not going to. Instead I am going […]
Today is the birthday (1931) of Roger Penrose, mathematician, philosopher, and artist. I am a big fan. Some of you who read this blog regularly may wonder why I admire so many mathematicians; maybe this post will solve that puzzle. Penrose was born in Colchester on the east coast of England, and is the brother […]
Prometheus Cut Down
On this date in 1964 the oldest known unitary organism, Prometheus, a Great Basin bristlecone pine tree (Pinus longaeva) growing near the tree line on Wheeler Peak in eastern Nevada was cut down by a graduate student and United States Forest Service personnel for research purposes. The tree was at least 4862 years old […]
Juliet's Birthday
In Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet there is this line: "Come Lammas-eve at night shall she be fourteen" (Act 1 sc iii) Lammas is August 1, so today (Lammas Eve) is Juliet's birthday. Romeo and Juliet was one of Shakespeare's earliest plays (written some time between 1591 and 1595). It was a popular audience pleaser throughout […]
Independence Day, Vanuatu
Today is Independence Day in Vanuatu, officially the Republic of Vanuatu (Ripablik blong Vanuatu), an island nation located in the South Pacific Ocean. Vanuatu was first inhabited by Melanesian people. The first Europeans to visit the islands were the members of a Spanish expedition led by Portuguese navigator Fernandes de Queirós, who arrived in 1605. […]
Martha of Bethany
Today is the feast day of Martha of Bethany, as well as of her brother Lazarus of Bethany. I am going to focus on Martha today. Next year on this date, Deus vult, I'll give you the story of Lazarus. Martha appears in three well known stories, one in Luke's gospel and two in John's. […]
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text:
Q: elasticsearch same tenant access to docs new to elasticsearch here, I have this case...
I have a lot of client using the same cluster, so assuming we have something like this:
{
   // data
   "customer_id": "xxx"
}

if there a way to guarantee that only customers with that id can access the doc by default and not rely on the query?
I wonder if something along the lines of, setting the customer_id as metadata and creating a security policy where I pass the customer id in the request header (and match this metadata value) exists in es?

A: https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/8.0/field-and-document-access-control.html is definitely the approach to take here


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Members of the Baltimore County firefighters' union are scheduled to vote tomorrow on a contract that would give each of them a $2,300 raise and two additional paid holidays.
If they approve the one-year deal, firefighters would receive the across-the-board raises in two installments - the first $1,150 in July when the contract would take effect and the second in June 2005, union and county officials said.
The county's 1,000 unionized firefighters also would receive holiday pay for Memorial and Labor days, under the tentative pact. And for the first time, the contract would spell out a "firefighters bill of rights" for disciplinary procedures, said Michael K. Day Sr., president of the Baltimore County Professional Fire Fighters Association.
The deal, which is expected to cost the county $1.6 million, also includes monetary incentives for firefighters with specialized medical and rescue training, county Labor Commissioner George E. Gay said.
In September, County Executive James T. Smith Jr. granted raises of 4 percent to 5 percent to some commanders in the Fire and Police departments. Those raises also take effect in July.
Although the increase offered to the firefighters' union is $200 less than what police received in their new contract, Day said, "in these economic times, we got a pretty fair shake from the Smith administration."
The firefighters' current agreement expires June 30. The new deal would take effect July 1 if it is approved by firefighters and paramedics, who will cast their ballots tomorrow afternoon and evening at the Maryland State Fairgrounds in Timonium.
The firefighters and paramedics didn't receive across-the-board cost-of-living raises last year, but did get incremental and longevity "step" increases.
The negotiations, which began in November, were the first between the firefighters and the county since a new county law gave police and fire unions the right to binding arbitration.


text:
New Nanowires Spawn Superior UV LEDs
Switching from AlGaN nanowires to those made from AlInN offers an attractive route to increasing the output of the UV LED
BY RAVI TEJA VELPULA, BARSHA JAIN, AND HIEU PHAM TRUNG NGUYEN FROM NEW JERSEY INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
The outbreak of the deadly SARS-COV-2 virus has thrown the UV source into the spotlight. Those emitting deep within the UV, in a domain stretching from 222 nm to 207 nm, can kill this virus and many others, and also deliver surface disinfection. In addition, there are related applications for deep UV radiation, such as water disinfection, that use this source to disrupt DNA and RNA molecules.
As well as this class of application, UV sources can take on many other important tasks: they can be employed for a wide range of UV curing applications, including those involving coatings, inks, adhesives, composites, and stereolithography; they can be used to solicit photochemical reactions in living organisms; and they provide an option for treating several skin diseases, such as psoriasis, vitiligo, and cutaneous T-cell lymphoma.
Figure 1. Applications of light-emitters in the UV. Radiation is generally divided into three spectral bands, based on specific wavelengths: UVA (400 nm-320 nm), UVB (320 nm-280 nm), and UVC (280 nm-100 nm).
The traditional sources of UV lamps contain either mercury, xenon, argon, deuterium, or an excimer. All are unsatisfactory on many fronts, being bulky, fragile, expensive, low in efficiency, limited in life span, toxic in nature, and only capable of emitting at a few specific wavelengths. A far better alternative is the UV LED, which combines compactness with a nontoxic material composition, a lower power consumption, a quick response time, a long lifetime, and tuneable emission across the entireUV region.
Thanks to these strengths, market analysts expect sales of the UV LED to climb in the coming years. Yole Développement predicts global revenue to increase from $320 million in 2020 to $1 billion in 2023, while Allied Market Research forecasts a compound annual growth rate of 21 percent over the next few years that will propel the value of this market to $1.7 billion by 2027.
Yet despite all this promise and expectation, the UV LED has its faults. Chief amongst them is a low efficiency, which plummets as the emission wavelength heads deeper into the UV. The efficiencies of these AlGaN-based devices are in single digits, held back by a number of factors that include a high density of dislocations, induced polarization fields, electron leakage, poor p-type doping, inefficient hole transportation, substantial internal absorption, a high internal total reflection, and a dominant transverse magnetic mode that drags down the light extraction efficiency. Despite much effort to improve both the internal quantum efficiency and the light extraction efficiency, the external quantum efficiency - the product of those two factors - is still low in planar AlGaN UV LEDs.
Figure 2. (a) AlInN/GaN nanowires can be grown on silicon substrates (b) A transmission electron microscopy image of the AlInN/GaN nanowire, clearly showing the presence of a core-shell structure. Energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry line scan profile showing (c) the quantitative variation in gallium, indium and aluminium signals along lines A-B, and (d) variation in the indium and aluminium signal along lines C-D (Adopted from R. T. Velpula et al. Sci. Rep. 10 2547 (2020)).
Recently, UV LEDs formed from AlGaN nanowires have emerged as a promising candidate for addressing some of the limitations of their planar counterparts. Merits of the nanowire LED include a near-absence of dislocations and a reduced piezoelectric polarization, thanks to effective strain relaxation. Additional merits of the nanowire structures are the realisation of efficient p-type doping, effective thermal dissipation, and a high light-extraction efficiency. However, there is still much work to do - while the performance of the AlGaN nanowire UV LED has improved, its external quantum efficiency is still below 1 percent at deeper wavelengths, and higher values are needed before this device can be deployed in practical applications.
AlGaN or AlInN
One promising pathway to improving the performance of the UV LED is to switch from AlGaN nanowires to those made from AlInN. The latter is relatively unexplored, but holds great potential for UV and visible LEDs. Strengths of this ternary include lattice-matching to GaN with an indium content for AlInN of around 17-18 percent, and a high refractive index contrast with GaN.
In addition, AlInN compounds can be grown on both GaN and AlN templates - note that AlGaN is inimical to grow on GaN templates - and compared to AlGaN, AlInN offers wider windows of optimal alloy composition, especially in the deep UV.
Despite these tremendous advantages, progress with AlInN has been slow. Hampering efforts has been the immature epitaxial growth of high-quality AlInN. When grown by MBE, there tends to be significant compositional inhomogeneity, probably rooted in the extremely large differences in the optimal growth temperatures of the two 'components' - for InN, growth should take place at around 450 °C, while for AlN it needs to be in the region of 800 °C.
Figure 3. (a) Photoluminescence spectra of AlInN/GaN nanowires. Peak emission varies from 290 nm to 355 nm. (b) Temperature-dependent photoluminescence intensity of AlInN/GaN nanowires measured from 20 K to 300 K. (c) Photoluminescence intensities of AlInN/GaN nanowires under different temperature conditions (adopted from R. T. Velpula et al. Sci. Rep. 10 2547 (2020)).
The solution is to grow AlInN nanowires under nitrogen-rich conditions, while dialing back the aluminium flux. This yields high-quality AlInN nanowires that are free from compositional inhomogeneities found in the AlInN layers. Adopting this approach is our team at the New Jersey Institute of Technology, which has pioneered the world's first axial AlInN nanowire-based UV LEDs.
We have produced our vertically aligned, self-organized AlInN/GaN core-shell nanowires on n-type silicon (111) substrates using an RF plasma-assisted Veeco Gen II MBE tool (see Figure 2 (a)). Epitaxial conditions for our GaN nanowires include a growth temperature of 770 °C, a nitrogen flow rate of 1.0 sccm, a forward plasma power of 400 W, and a gallium beam equivalent pressure of 6 × 10-8 Torr. After growth of the GaN nanowires, we add self-organized AlInN segments that provide UV light emission. By varying the indium and aluminium beam flux and/or the substrate temperature, we control the composition of the active region.
Scanning transmission electron microscopy has enabled the characterisation of the structural properties of our AlInN/GaN nanowires. This technique uncovers the presence of GaN and AlInN segments (see Figures 2(b)-(d)) and reveals that the wire diameter increased from the GaN segment to the AlInN portion and remained constant on the top of the nanowire. Our images also suggest that a core-shell AlInN/GaN structure spontaneously formed during epitaxial growth of the AlInN layer. If that's the case, this is an asset, because a core-shell structure offers strong carrier confinement and reduced non-radiative recombination on the nanowire surface, leading to enhanced optical characteristics.
Figure 4. (a) A silicon substrate provides a platform for a p-i-n AlInN nanowire LED structure. The devices contain a layer of GaN:Si that is about 200 nm-thick, as well as 100 nm AlxIn1-xN:Si/40 nm i-AlyIn1-yN/100 nm AlxIn1-xN:Mg, and 10 nm GaN:Mg (b) 45o tilted scanning electron microscopy image of p-i-n AlInN nanowire LED sample (adapted from R. T. Velpula et al. Sci. Rep. 10 2547 (2020)).
We turned to photoluminescence to investigate the optical properties of our portfolio of AlInN/GaN nanowires. This involved pumping our AlInN/GaN nanowire structures, fabricated under different growth conditions, with a Kimmon Koha 266 nm laser. Resulting spectra (see Figure 3 (a)) feature a peak emission at around 368 nm, related to emission from the GaN nanowire template, and another peak between 290 nm and 355 nm, with a position that depends on the growth temperature, which alters the aluminium composition in the AlInN layers.
A more thorough investigation has been undertaken for AlInN nanowires produced with a growth temperature of 710 °C. These wires have a strong emission at 295 nm, with an associated spectral linewidth of 28 nm. Using 10 mW excitation, we have measured the photoluminescence at a variety of temperatures between 20 K and 300 K (see Figure 3(b)). This provided an estimate of the internal quantum efficiency, calculated by comparing the integrated photoluminescence intensities of emission from the AlInN layer at room temperature and at 20 K, and assuming that the internal quantum efficiency at 20 K is close to unity. This approach suggests that the room-temperature internal quantum efficiency of the AlInN/GaN nanowires is 52 percent (see Figure 3 (c)). We attribute this relatively high value to the strong carrier confinement provided by the AlInN shell and the nearly intrinsic AlInN core.
Figure 5. (a) Current-voltage characteristics of the AlInN UV nanowire LED. The inset shows the current-voltage plot for the AlInN UV LED on a semi-log scale. (b) Electroluminescence spectra of the AlInN UV nanowire LED. (c) The transverse-magnetic (solid line) and transverse-electric (dotted line) polarized spectra of the AlInN UV nanowire (adopted from R. T. Velpula et al. Sci. Rep. 10 2547 (2020)).
We have fabricated nanowire LEDs based on this active region and featuring a p-i-n structure (see Figure 4(a) for details). Scanning electron microscopy of these AlInN nanowire LEDs reveals that the diameter at the top of the nanowire is typically 90 nm, a suitable dimension for device fabrication (see Figure 4(b)).
Fabrication of our devices begins by cleaning the epiwafers in HCI and then HF. These steps remove the oxide layer from the backside of the silicon substrates and native oxides from the nanowire surface. We then create a n-contact on the backside of the silicon by depositing a metal stack, comprising 20 nm of titanium and 120 nm of gold; and turn to electron-beam evaporation to create a p-metal contact by depositing 10 nm of nickel and 10 nm of gold. After this, we add 20 nm of nickel and 120 nm of gold, on top of the device, to serve as a metal pad. We anneal the resulting structure at around 550 °C for 1 minute to achieve low contact resistance.
Our AlInN LEDs exhibit excellent current-voltage characteristics, combining a low resistance at room temperature with a turn-on voltage of about 5 V, a value that is at least as good as that of AlGaN UV LEDs operating in this spectral domain (see Figure 5 (a)). These devices produce strong UV light emission at around 295 nm at injection currents from 5 mA to 100 mA (see Figure 5 (b)).
The particular polarization of the light generated within the UV LEDs can govern the output of this device. Using a 10 A cm-2 injection current, we have investigated the polarization of our devices, defining the transverse-magnetic and transverse-electric directions as those with electric fields parallel and perpendicular to the c-axis, respectively. These measurements reveal that the light emission in our devices is predominantly transverse-magnetic polarized - this signal is more than four times that of the transverse-electric mode (see Figure 5 (c)).
To enhance light extraction through optimisation of polarization, we have considered the morphology of our devices. This theoretical study considered photonic crystal structures with randomly grown, square, and hexagonal lattices (see Figure 6).
Figure 6. Top view of random array (left), square array (middle), and hexagonal array (right) of AlInN nanowire UV LEDs (adopted from B. Jain et al. Opt. Exp. 28 22908 (2020)).
The benchmark for this work is the randomly distributed nanowire array, which has an average light-extraction efficiency between 20 percent and 35 percent. To increase this, we investigated square and hexagonal arrays with varying nanowire radii and lattice spacings (see Figure 7 (a) and (b) for contour plots of the light extraction efficiency as a function of nanowire radius and spacing for both topologies).
Our calculations show that the maximum light-extraction efficiency for the square array is 56 percent, realised with a spacing of 195 nm and a radius of 40 nm. Better results are possible with hexagonal nanowires, with light extraction efficiency hitting 63 percent for a spacing of 230 nm and a radius of 60 nm. These results underscore the critical role that geometry plays in directing the generated photons from the active region to air.
Figure 7. Contour plot of the light-extraction efficiency for a differing nanowire radius and spacing for a square array (a) and a hexagonal array (b) of AlInN nanowire UV LEDs. Contour plot of the light-extraction efficiency from the top, for a differing nanowire radius and spacing for the (c) square array and (d) hexagonal array of AlInN nanowire UV LEDs (adopted from B. Jain et al. Opt. Exp. 28 22908 (2020)).
Optimising polarization is behind these high values. While square and hexagonal arrangements support vertical light emission, these nanowire structures favour highly transverse-magnetic-polarized emission (see Figures 7 (c) and (d)). For hexagonal array nanowires, of the 63 percent light extraction efficiency, 60.6 percent of this comes through the top surface, a very encouraging result when considering practical applications.
Our work, involving the introduction of the world's first axial AlInN core-shell nanowire UV LEDs, offers a new pathway for producing sources in this spectral range. Devices are in their infancy, and performance is sure to improve through optimising the LED structure, nanowire morphology, diameter and spacing. They are long-term goals for us, but our efforts will initially head in a different direction, reducing emission wavelengths to below 230 nm, so that these LEDs can serve in air and surface disinfection.
R. T. Velpula et al. Scientific Reports 10 2547 (2020)
B. Jain et al. Opt. Exp. 28 22908 (2020)
R. T. Velpula et al. Optical Materials Express 10 472 (2020)
R. T. Velpula et al. CLEO: Science and Innovations (pp. STu3P-4). Optical Society of America, 2020.
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