text:
Q: Does an algorithm exist that converts a (base 10) number to into another number for any base in constant time? I am solving a problem where I am given three integers (a,b,c), all three can be very large and (a>b>c)
I want to identify for which base between b and c, produces the smallest sum of digits, when we convert 'a' to that base.
For example a = 216, b=2, c=7   -> the output= 6, because: 216 base 2 = 11011000, and the sum of digits = 4, if we do the same for all bases between 2 and 7, we find that 216 base 6 produces the smallest sum of digits, because 216 base 6 = 1000, which has sum 1.
My question is, is there any function out there that can convert a number to any base in constant time faster than the below algorithm? Or any suggestions on how to optimise my algorithm?
from collections import defaultdict
n = int(input())
for _ in range(n):
    (N,X) = map(int,input().split())
    array = list(map(int,input().split()))
    my_dict = defaultdict(int)

    #original count of elements in array
    for i in range(len(array)):
        my_dict[array[i]] +=1

    #ensure array contains distinct elements
    array = set(array)
    count = max(my_dict.values())  #count= max of single value
    temp = count
    res = None
    XOR_count = float("inf")
    if X==0:
        print(count,0)
        break
    for j in array:
        if j^X in my_dict:
            curr = my_dict[j^X] + my_dict[j]
            if curr>=count:
                count = curr
                XOR_count = min(my_dict[j],XOR_count)
    if count ==temp:
        XOR_count = 0
    print(f"{count} {XOR_count}")

Here are some sample input and outputs:
Sample Input
3
3 2
1 2 3
5 100
1 2 3 4 5
4 1
2 2 6 6

Sample Output
2 1
1 0
2 0

Which for the problem I am solving runs into time limit exceeded error.
I found this link to be quite useful (https://www.purplemath.com/modules/logrules5.htm) in terms of converting log bases, which I can kind of see how it relates, but I couldn't use it to get a solution for my above problem.

A: You could separate the problem in smaller concerns by writing a function that returns the sum of digits in a given base and another one that returns a number expressed in a given base (base 2 to 36 in my example below):
def digitSum(N,b=10):
    return N if N<b else N%b+digitSum(N//b,b)

digits = "0123456789abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"
def asBase(N,b):
    return "" if N==0 else asBase(N//b,b)+digits[N%b]

def lowestBase(N,a,b):
    return asBase(N, min(range(a,b+1),key=lambda c:digitSum(N,c)) )

output:
print(lowestBase(216,2,7))
1000     # base 6

print(lowestBase(216,2,5))
11011000 # base 2

Note that both digitSum and asBase could be written as iterative instead of recursive if you're manipulating numbers that are greater than base^1000 and don't want to deal with recursion depth limits
Here's a procedural version of digitSum (to avoid recursion limits):
def digitSum(N,b=10):
    result = 0
    while N:
        result += N%b
        N //=b
    return result

and returning only the base (not the encoded number):
def lowestBase(N,a,b):
    return min(range(a,b+1),key=lambda c:digitSum(N,c))

# in which case you don't need the asBase() function at all.

With those changes results for a range of bases from 2 to 1000 are returned in less than 60 milliseconds:
lowestBase(10**250+1,2,1000)  --> 10 in 57 ms

lowestBase(10**1000-1,2,1000) --> 3 in 47 ms

I don't know how large is "very large" but it is still sub-second for millions of bases (yet for a relatively smaller number):
lowestBase(10**10-1,2,1000000) --> 99999 in 0.47 second

lowestBase(10**25-7,2,1000000) --> 2 in 0.85 second

[EDIT] optimization
By providing a maximum sum to the digitSum() function, you can make it stop counting as soon as it goes beyond that maximum.  This will allow the lowestBase() function to obtain potential improvements more efficiently based on its current best (minimal sum so far). Going through the bases backwards also gives a better chance of hitting small digit sums faster (thus leveraging the maxSum parameter of digitSum()):
def digitSum(N,b=10,maxSum=None):
    result = 0
    while N:
        result += N%b
        if maxSum and result>=maxSum:break
        N //= b
    return result

def lowestBase(N,a,b):
    minBase = a
    minSum  = digitSum(N,a)
    for base in range(b,a,-1):
        if N%base >= minSum: continue # last digit already too large
        baseSum = digitSum(N,base,minSum)
        if baseSum < minSum:
            minBase,minSum = base,baseSum
            if minSum == 1: break
    return minBase

This should yield a significant performance improvement in most cases.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Lee Ming-che (李明哲) was born in February 1975, in Taipei, Taiwan, and is his family's only child. In 2015, Lee Ming-che married Lee Ching-yu (李凈瑜). Lee currently works as an academic manager at Wenshan Community College in Taipei City.
In the year 2000, Lee graduated from Chinese Culture University with a degree in philosophy. During his time at the university, Lee and his wife Lee Ching-yu participated in protests against high tuition, and has participated in social movements ever since.
In July 2000, he worked as an assistant to former Democratic Progressive Party (DPP) legislator Hsu Chung Pi-hsia (許鍾碧霞).
In June 2002, he worked as an assistant for Hsieh Ming-ta's (謝明達) election campaign for Taipei City councillor.
In May 2003, he worked at the DPP's Department of Social Development as a special assistant at the party's headquarters.
In June 2007, he served as office secretary for the Council of Labour Affairs under the Executive Yuan.
In July 2008, he worked as an assistant chairman for a catering company.
In June 2010, he was a member of Tsai Ing-wen's campaign staff during her run for mayor of New Taipei City.
In April 2011, he worked as executive director of the DPP's Hsinchu County party offices.
In September 2012, he worked as a secretary for the National Labour Alliance.
Before 2014, Lee got to know a number of friends in China through the instant-messaging app "Wechat", and would arrange to meet with them once a week. Through Wechat's group chat feature, Lee would introduce Taiwan's historical experiences, from Taiwan's White Terror Period, to issues of transitional justice.
In January 2014, he served as a special assistant for the New Taiwanese Cultural Foundation, and was responsible for collecting data and information about transitional justice, and for organizing activities.
In 2015, his Wechat account was blocked from using the group chat feature. If friends of Lee in China wanted to read about human rights or modern history, Lee would proactively send books as gifts.
From 2015 to January 2016, Lee began volunteering for Covenants Watch, an organization that monitors and pressures the government to fulfill its obligations on human rights.
From January to June 2016, Lee joined Beyond Gender: The Intersex, Transgender and Transexual People Care Association as a volunteer.
Before and after the 2016 Lunar New Years period, Lee called on friends through Wechat to raise funds for the family of a Chinese civil rights activist.
In August 2016, books he sent as gifts to friends in China were confiscated.
On March 19th 2017, Lee went missing after entering into China's Gongbei Port from the city of Macau.
So far, Chinese authorities have not yet contacted his family, nor has it stated the grounds for his detention. Lee suffers from high-blood pressure, and must take regular medication for his health condition. His family worries about his his current health status.


Calgary, AB – The Western Hockey League announced Wednesday at the Year End Awards Ceremony in Calgary that Lethbridge Hurricanes Captain Tyler Wong was named the WHL's Humanitarian of the Year for the second consecutive year.
Wong, who finished his five year career with the Hurricanes on Sunday, was named the Eastern Conference nominee of the Doug Wickenheiser Memorial Trophy for the third straight season. The 21-year-old was instrumental in many initiatives in the City of Lethbridge lead by his KidSport Lethbridge and Taber program where he donated $5.00 of his own money to the charity. After he and teammates Ryley Lindgren and Carter Folk raised over $6,000 during the 2015-2016 season, Wong recruited Giorgio Estephan and Jordy Bellerive, in addition to Lindgren, for the 2016-2017 campaign where they helped raise over $13,000 for KidSport – surpassing their goal of $10,000.
"It's a pretty big honour to be recognized with this award. It feels pretty good, but at the end of the day you don't do community work for an award. I'm just thankful I was able to participate in all the events we did this year and was able to make a difference in the community," said Wong about earning the award for the second straight year.
In addition to the KidSport initiative, Wong was instrumental in spearheading the "Hurricanes Spread Christmas Cheer" program where he and teammates helped deliver food hampers and toy baskets in support of local foodbanks while also visiting senior homes during the holidays. He also went above-and-beyond the call of duty as he also volunteered as a teacher's assistant in a classroom at Dr. Probe Elementary School, served as an on-ice instructor at various minor hockey team practices during the season and also spent time with the Lethbridge Therapeutic Riding Association where he assisted individuals with mental and physical disabilities through horseback riding.


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User's data capture begins when the user starts interacting with the platform through different social and entertainment tools.
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1. I would do both, because I don't really like heights, but I do a lot of swimming.
3. I am neither. I get up early for school, but I like my sleep.
4. TONS AND TONS OF ICE-CREAM AND CUSTARD!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
5. Personally, I don't like superheroes. But my favourite, would be Raven, because she resembles me. I am distant and alone a lot, but I will let my walls down when someone needs it.
1. I'd Fly in the sense that I can take the gravitational forces In doing so, I could fly as fast as I wanted with no impact to my body And as such It would be borderline teleportation.
2. I don't have a favourite food To order I eat what I feel like at the time so it doesn't really concern me.
4. This question is Worded weird. I think maybe I would just use the infinite storage space to build my own universe of stuff IDK.
5. The living tribunal because it is the balancer of the multiverse not so much a superhero but a comic book character nonetheless.
@N1ghtW1ng Loving your choice of gifs!
Welcome to RO @arkhamranger !! Spaghetttiiiii! Also you love Spiderman? Awesome! Did you see the new Spiderverse movie? Definitely up in the top favourites for me!
Hello and welcome @StudentOfLoneliness! Ooooh your own universe of stuff? That's an awesome idea!
@Shy hello and welcome to the forums! Unlimited storage of water! Such a smart idea Also wooo Spiderman! His powers are so cool! If you could have one of his powers, which would you choose?
1. Would you rather be able to breathe underwater or fly through the air?
This a tough one but I would love to breathe underwater. It's kind of like being a mermaid, plus imagine living under water!!
2. What's your favorite food to order at a restaurant?
I love food aside from seafood, so this is a bit of a hard one. I would order dried egg noodles (esp from Papa Rich) it's so good. I love how balanced all the flavors are not too spicy and not too sweet.
Definitely a night person without a doubt. I feel like I'm more creative more at night than in the morning.
4. If you had unlimited storage space of one thing, what would it be?
Definitely my laptop!! ugh, I cannot stress how much I would love unlimited storage on my laptop. I do makeup videos here and there and I edit using my laptop. So I need a lot of storage.
5. Who is your favorite superhero and why?
I know this is going to sound insane but I loved superheroes as a child (my fav superhero then was wonder woman). Now I find them to be unrealistic IMO (sorry if this offends anyone). Imo real superheroes are people like doctors, police officers, people in the army and politicians (eg, New Zealand prime minister Jacinda Arden).
Absolutely love how much activity this thread has had this month! Welcome to all our new and returning members!
1. Would you rather be able to breathe underwater or fly through air?
I would love to fly! Feeling free and looking at the world from a different perspective would be amazing!
2. Whats your favourite food to order at a restaurant?
It's so hard to pick one thing! A few years ago, I use to always order similar things like Caesar salads or lasagna, but now I try to mix it up and try new things each time! At the moment I am really loving the butter chicken from our local Indian Restaurant- it is amazing!
Art supplies! I have way too much and next to no space for them!
Would you rather be able to breathe underwater or fly through the air?
As much as I'd really like to be able to breath underwater – endless scuba-diving! Wow! Nevertheless, to be able to fly would still come up trumps. Soaring like a bird, especially to be an eagle or an owl or an albatross, high above the ground or ocean, seeing everything below set out like a model display… Well, it would be simply epic! To be lifted by wind currents, gliding and flapping and to experience the sheer freedom of that type of movement. Oh yes indeed. Bliss.
What's your favourite food to order at a restaurant?
Absolutely favour Thai food, especially the stir-fries and noodle dishes and curries. Mmmm yum! Drooling as I think about this ….
Totally a morning person, a get-up-and-get-going morning person. (Yeah! I *know*! A royal PIA to many!?!). I find the early morning to be THE most productive, inspirational time of the day for me personally. At night I tend to wilt significantly, and I turn into a hermit who wants to curl up in my comfy bed with a book.
If you had unlimited storage space of one thing, what would it be?
Oh! My home! Do soooo yearn for more cupboards, and just more room in general. My motto:- "A place for everything, and everything in its place!". Yep, another PIA for some others – I'm *that* all-round organised list-type personality! LOL!
Who is your favourite superhero and why?
Now this certainly had me pausing for thought! So I googled super heroes, and thought long and deep about this question, but in the end, well, this is what I must respond with in order to be totally honest. My favourite superhero – my absolute superhero – my hero full-stop is my dear (late) Mum. The person she was, the legacy she left behind, the character she was, the qualities she shared and instilled in each of her offspring, her dedication to family and husband, her quirky sense of humour, her resilience, her determination, her softness, her capacity for unconditional all-encompassing love and affection. A true superhero. My superhero.


In UNIX/Linux world, it is common to connect to remote machine through Secure shell (SSH). But in Windows world, we depend too much on Remote Desktop Connection (RDP). But except Windows Servers, Windows workstations such as Windows XP does not support multiple simultaneous login to a Windows XP machine. This drawback can be managed to some extent using a Remote shell service running in Windows XP. Though you can't run GUI application, this service can provide at least command line access to the Windows XP shell (cmd). Here is how to get it done.
Windows XP does not come with Remote Shell Service (I am not sure about Windows 7). We need to download rshd (Remote Shell Daemon) from here in your remote target machine. After downloading, install it.
Once installed, it will copy rshd.exe file in "C:\Program Files\rshd\bin" directory. Run the following command in command prompt to install it as a service.
The above command will configure rshd as a service (If you want more secure service, and want to control the access through rhosts file – don't use -r argument).
It is time to auto start this service when the machine boots. It can be done through Services applet.
Navigate to My Computer -> Right-Click -> Manage -> Services and Applications -> Services -> RSH Daemon -> Right-click -> Properties -> Start as given below.
Now Windows XP is ready to get connected through rsh command. All Windows machines comes with this RSH client tool. Now you can run the following command from any machine to run a command in our target machine.
Host : Specifies the remote host (computer) on which to run Command.
-l UserName : Specifies the user name to use on the remote computer. If omitted, the user name of the user who is currently logged on is used.
-n : Redirects the input of rsh to the NUL device. This prevents the display of the command results on the local computer.
Command : Specifies the command to run.
In the above example, I am connecting to remote machine called "myremotexp" with my domain login "mydomain\myusername" and runs generate_report.bat to generate a report.


text:
Y&T Vocalist Dave Meniketti List Master Tapes That Were Destroyed in the Universal Fire
Well everyone, I just received the report from Universal about what Y&T titles were lost in the fire and what remains. Though Universal still has safety copies of many things left in the vaults on various formats, we have lost forever the 1/4″ and 1/2″ analog masters to Earthshaker, Black Tiger, Mean Streak, In Rock We Trust, and Open Fire!!!
That is the bulk of the most important analog masters to lose. These are the MAIN masters from which the original records were made. It's like losing your original painting, while there are photocopies still around. A sad day to reflect back on watching these get recorded to those 2 analog tape formats and listening back to those exact masters as each song was mixed down in the studio. Irreplaceable from an artistic and emotional standpoint.
#DaveMeniketti #YT

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Discussion in 'UK Property' started by MsIrum, Mar 20, 2019.
This will be a bit of a long post but bear with me!
Im new to the forum so hello to all. Im Also a newbie property investor or wanabe shall i say.
Me and my mum have joint savings and are cash only investors (we wouldn't be able to get a mortage). She is elderly and i dont work since i have 2 young kids under age of 3, both of which have complex health problems and she helps me take care of them. Relevant since it helps explain that we cant do any diy or. Project management ourselves and also are not experienced. But i have been trying to invest. For. Past 2 years unsuccessfuly. Sometimes outbid at. Last. Minute. Sometimes afraid of buying. Something that. Needs.work. Sometimes not bidding high enough. And realistically enough. We.also can't go and see the property ourselves as I have had to move abroad to abudhabi with hubby and mum is here helping me.
Anyway so next property i wanted in a better area. The property would not be resold anytime soon after purchase - we would Want to let it out.
So i wanted your valuable advice.and i have lots Of questions. Apologies if they Sound a bit silly or very basic but i am a newbie at this and would really. Appreciate your advice.
- should we invest close to city centre where We Would get a Smaller Property or a bit further out?
-should we buy a property that needs alot of work like kitchen bathroon etc. If we hire someone to do all work is it still worth considering doing up a property? I feel like the ones that need sone work are. More within budget and maybe better for us?
-if its in an area that can accommodate both per room lets and family or professional lets then which type of let would you recommend? What about student lets?
-what should our net target yield be? Is 9% possible do you think?
-what about investment in Liverpool - possible to do remotely?
Thanks in advance. Alot of questions but really hoping for some guidance from your experience here. Thankyou!


text:
The Mothers of Invention - Freak Out!
Many would debate whether Freak Out!, the first official Frank Zappa release with his Mothers of Invention belongs among the classics based on its musical merits, but there are other elements of this release that undeniably put it among the classics.
Ljubinko Zivkovic
The Stranglers - IV Rattus Norvegicus
The Stranglers' debut was going to be called, Dead On Arrival. Yet, it was anything but. In terms of the Punk era, it was a best seller. Not that the band were really "Punk". Sure, they were pissed off, but they owed far more to The Doors and Garage and Pub Rock than safety pins and spiky hair. While Dead On Arrival might have been a better album title, IV Rattus Norvegicus was closer to their spirit. Rather than self-righteous social anger, they were scrappy scavengers looking for their take of the pie. Frontman, Hugh Cornwell established himself as the Dark Lord of Punk while Jean Jacques Burnel has cut some of the greatest bass lines in Rock and Roll history ('Peaches' and 'Nice-N-Sleazy').
Kevin Orton
Nico's debut solo album can rightly be seen and heard as the Velvet Underground's sophomore effort, seeing as it includes the participation of everyone except Mo Tucker (there are no drums on the album). Taken a step further, half the songs are Velvet compositions (Cale and Reed solo and in collaboration with Nico and Morrison) and the others are the original versions of songs written by Dylan ('I'll Keep It With Mine' which Nico always wanted the Velvets to record). Tim Hardin ('Eulogy To Lenny Bruce', later retitled by Hardin himself when he recorded it as 'Lenny's Tune') and her then-boyfriend, Jackson Browne ('The Fairest Of The Seasons', 'These Days' (credited as 'I've Been Out Walking' on early versions), and 'Somewhere There's A Feather').
Talk Talk - Laughing Stock
Unfortunately, and that goes for everybody involved, the about-face Talk Talk went through in their career didn't bode so well. Particularly for the band. At some point, Mark Hollis and the guys, seemed to have suddenly put on a completely different set of musical clothes, turning from pop and big label (EMI), and rock journalists' darlings to moody avant-garde experimentalists, being derided by the music press at that time, to currently being proclaimed as the progenitors of post-rock.
The Byrds - Sweetheart of the Rodeo
You can hang me high for this one if you must, but I've never been a huge fan of Gram Parsons' musical output. Not quite sure if it's his voice, the songs themselves or the way they are played, but I just have never been able to get into it that much. What I am a huge fan of is the influence he brought to bear on rock music in the late 60s and onwards to this day. Maybe some shun the term "country rock" and there have been some musical train wrecks as a result of that - on both sides of the aisle if you will.
Mark Moody
The Olivia Tremor Control - Music From the Unrealized Film Script: Dusk At Cubist Castle
As a fan of the Olivia Tremor Control, most fit under two modes of thought: those who believe that Dusk At Cubist Castle is their best work; and those who believe Black Foliage: Animation Music is their best work. Neither side is wrong; both works are perfect for very different reasons. The Olivia Tremor Control existed only for a moment it seems – eight short years that only saw two proper albums released, but a slew of EPs, singles, and compilations. It's a shame because their two proper albums are bold game changers for indie rock in the 90s.
Tim Sentz
Florian Meissner
Bill Golembeski
George Harrison - All Things Must Pass
As I sat down to try and write something enlightening about a 48 year old album generally regarded as one of the best ever, I had to wonder, how many people reading this review actually lived through Beatlemania? I firmly believe that if you didn't, you can listen to all the music, read all the books, and watch all the old Youtube videos, but you will never fully appreciate or understand the phenomenon that it was.
David Bowie - "Heroes"
Unrepentant Bowie geek here. So, if this is a bit long, I make no apology. Safe to say, Bowie is my favorite recording artist of all time. I say "is", because he's not dead to me. His legacy is far too alive for any of that death nonsense. In terms of his classic 70's albums, I don't play favorites. I adore them all. I keep coming back to them and each time I do, I discover something new. 1977's 'Heroes' is no exception.
The Cardigans - First Band On The Moon
When The Cardigans' infectious brand of indie-fied lounge-pop caught commercial fire in the Fall of 1996 via the irresistibly infectious hit "Lovefool", fans who flocked to stores to purchase the band's third album First Band On The Moon (as opposed to the soundtrack for Baz Luhrmann's DiCaprio-led Romeo & Juliet) quickly discovered that the album's genius first single was merely the tip of a much larger iceberg.
James Weiskittel


text:
This Day in History: What happened after the British surrender—and before an official peace treaty?
On this day in 1782, a preliminary peace treaty is signed by British and American representatives. It had been more than a year since George Washington's victory at Yorktown. We all hear about that triumph, but we hear much less about the difficult months that followed: We weren't at war anymore. But we weren't really at peace, either.
Americans hoped that British General Charles Cornwallis's surrender to George Washington would be respected, but what if King George III refused to accept the defeat?
Painting depicting a variety of Continental Army uniforms, by Charles M. Lefferts (1909)
For months, then, General Washington faced a challenge: The army could not be disbanded. Some American cities were still occupied by the British. What if the peace fell through and the army was needed again? On the other hand, the soldiers had little to do. They were restless and worried about whether they would get paid. Washington somehow, amazingly, managed to hold his army together throughout 1782. He ran drills and kept them organized, despite the fact that they really had no official purpose—except to wait and see if they were needed.
Fortunately, a preliminary peace treaty was signed by British and American representatives in November 1782. That treaty reached American shores in March 1783. Congress quickly approved the treaty, and George Washington was able to formally declare a cessation of hostilities in his camp on April 19.
It had been exactly 8 years, to the day, since the "shot heard round the world" at the Battles of Lexington and Concord!
Yet, even then, the peace still was not final. Several months later, the official Treaty of Paris was (finally) signed. Congress approved that Treaty in January 1784.
Throughout this long two-year period, Washington stayed with his Army. You have to wonder how often he simply wanted to go home. But he had to have known that the army would fall into disarray and/or revolt without him. Indeed, in March 1783, when the Newburgh Conspiracy cropped up, only Washington's presence saved the day.
In October 1782, Washington wrote: "The patience, the fortitude, the long, & great sufferings of this Army is unexampled in history; but there is an end to all things, & I fear we are very near one to this. Which, more than probably, will oblige me to stick very close to my flock this Winter, & try like a careful physicion, to prevent, if possible, the disorder's getting to an incurable height."
Washington would finally be able to resign and return home to Mt. Vernon at the end of 1783. He had been away for more than 8 years, with only a few brief exceptions before and after Yorktown. Can you imagine being away from home for so long?
What a joy it must have been to arrive home just in time for Christmas that year.
Primary Sources:
Douglas Southall Freeman, George Washington, a Biography, Vol. V: Victory with the Help of France (1952)
Francis D. Cogliano, Revolutionary America, 1763-1815: A Political History (2008)
James Thomas Flexner, Washington, the Indispensable Man (1974 reprint)
Letter from George Washington to James McHenry (October 17, 1782)
Preliminary Peace Treaty between the United States and Great Britain (November 30, 1782)
Proclamation for the Cessation of Hostilities (April 18, 1783)
Robert K. Wright, Jr., The Continental Army (Center of Military History, U.S. Army; 1983) (ch. 7)
Stanley Weintraub, General Washington's Christmas Farewell: A Mount Vernon Homecoming, 1783 (2003)
William M. Fowler Jr., American Crisis: George Washington and the Dangerous Two Years After Yorktown, 1781-1783 (2011)


text:
Automatic spending cuts would bite more in 2014
Andrew Taylor, Associated Press
Associated Press November 12, 2013
FILE - This Aug. 1, 2013 file photo shows Senate Appropriations Committee Chair Sen. Barbara Mikulski, D-Md., flanked by Senate Majority Whip Richard Durbin of Ill., left, and Sen. Charles Schumer, D-N.Y., speaking on Capitol Hill in Washington. The first year of automatic, across-the-board budget cuts didn't live up to the dire predictions of those who warned of sweeping furloughs and big disruptions of government services, but the second round just might. "They squeezed everything to get through the first year thinking we would come to our senses," said Barbara Mikulski, D-Md., of agency budget chiefs. (AP Photo/J. Scott Applewhite, File)
WASHINGTON (AP) -- It's not just longstanding battles over taxes and curbing mandatory spending that are obstacles to a year-end pact on the budget. Another problem is a perception among some lawmakers that the automatic spending cuts known as sequestration haven't been as harsh as advertised.
Indeed, the first year of the automatic cuts didn't live up to the dire predictions from the Obama administration and others who warned of sweeping furloughs and big disruptions of government services.
But the second round is going to be a lot worse, lawmakers and budget experts say. One reason is that federal agencies that have emptied the change jar and searched beneath the sofa cushions for money to ease the pain of sequestration have been so far able to make it through the automatic cuts relatively unscathed. Employee furloughs haven't been as extensive as feared and agencies were able to maintain most services.
Most of that money, however, has been spent in the 2013 budget year that ended on Sept. 30.
The Pentagon used more than $5 billion in unspent money from previous years to ease its $39 billion budget cut. Furloughs originally scheduled for 11 days were cut back to six days. The Justice Department found more than $500 million in similar money that allowed agencies like the FBI to avoid furloughs altogether.
Finding replacement cuts is the priority of budget talks scheduled to resume this week, but many observers think the talks won't bear fruit. Both sides appear to see leverage. Democrats are hoping that $20 billion in new Pentagon cuts below levels imposed by sequestration will force Republicans to yield. Republicans say far more of their members are willing to keep the cuts, which appears to have added to the resolve of GOP negotiators.
A failure of the talks, led by House Budget Committee Chairman Paul Ryan, R-Wis., and his Senate counterpart, Patty Murray, D-Wash., would mean that agencies that have thus far withstood the harshest effects of the across-the-board cuts in 2013 would get hit with a second round of cuts that'll feel a lot worse than the first.
A drop in participation and lower-than-expected food prices allowed a widely supported food program for low-income pregnant women and children to get through this year without having to take away anyone's benefits. A second round of automatic sequestration cuts could mean some women with toddlers lose coverage next year.
To avert furloughing air traffic controllers and disrupting airline flights this year, Congress shifted $253 million in automatic cuts to airport construction funds. Those funds are needed to meet a requirement to install runway safety areas at all airports by 2015, so that pot of money won't be available to bail out controllers again.
Senate Appropriations Committee Chairwoman Barbara Mikulski, D-Md., said agency budget chiefs "squeezed everything to get through the first year thinking we would come to our senses."
However, most of those accounting maneuvers were one-time steps. The automatic spending cuts in 2014 promise to be far more painful.
For the time being, Congress has frozen 2014 spending at 2013 sequestration levels while negotiators seek a budget deal that would ease some of the automatic cuts. Absent a deal, the spending "caps" on agency operating budgets will shrink by another $20 billion or so, with most of that money squeezed out of the Pentagon.
Nowhere will the effects be felt more than at the Justice Department, which pretty much skated through the automatic cuts in 2013.
"Justice had like half a billion dollars in unobligated balances and so they brought that back and that made it possible for them not to have any furloughs anywhere in the Justice Department, Bureau of Prisons or FBI or whatever," said Scott Lilly, a former top House Appropriations Committee aide. "But they've used that up so they're going to get hit much harder this year than they did last year."
The FBI already has suspended training of new agents and has instituted a hiring freeze.
"Quantico is quiet. I have no new agent classes going through there," new FBI Director James Comey said last month. "I can't afford it."
Without relief from Congress, Comey said the automatic spending cuts will require him to eliminate 3,000 positions. The FBI's 36,000 employees are facing unpaid furloughs of two weeks.
The situation will also worsen at the Pentagon, where the first round was no picnic, eroding combat readiness and grounding Air Force squadrons. Cuts in military training, maintenance and weapons purchases were deeper than average because the Pentagon was allowed to exempt military personnel accounts.
Because of $4 billion in prior-year funding, the Pentagon was able to maintain Navy and Air Force procurement in 2013. Without that money in 2014, the Pentagon will have to the delay the delivery of a new aircraft carrier and a nuclear submarine.
"We are consuming tomorrow's 'seed corn' to feed today's requirements," Marine Corps Commandant Gen. James Amos told the Senate Armed Services Committee.
"We might as well shut down the Pentagon," said House Armed Services Committee Chairman Howard "Buck" McKeon, R-Calif. "You'd better hope we never have a war again."
Accounts for housing vouchers for the poor took a hit in 2013, but most local housing agencies had previously appropriated but unspent money in reserve. Few, if any, families already getting vouchers lost them. Instead, people on waiting lists seeking vouchers just didn't get them.
The Center on Budget and Policy Priorities, a liberal think tank and advocacy group for the poor, calculated that 40,000 to 65,000 fewer families will have vouchers by the end of this year than at the end of 2012. By the end of 2014, between 125,000 and 185,000 fewer families would have vouchers if the automatic spending cuts stay in place unchanged, the center said, and that could mean some families might lose their apartments.
The Commodity Futures Trading Commission, charged with new and complex policing responsibility of the over-the-counter derivatives market under the 2010 overhaul of Wall Street regulations, managed to make it through 2013 without furloughs. But CFTC Chairman Gary Gensler warned agency employees last month that they face up to 14 unpaid furlough days next year.
In Washington on Monday, university presidents from the Association of Public and Land-Grant Universities told reporters that sequestration has translated into canceled research projects and cuts in staff, despite efforts by universities to bridge the gaps. A second round of sequestration could mean closed labs and layoffs.
"We're not universities that are flush with resources that can put in sort of a buffer in a long period of time," said University of California, Los Angeles, Chancellor Gene Block.
Associated Press writer Kimberly Hefling contributed to this report.
Attorney: Due to a conflict of interest, William Barr must recuse himself from Lev Parnas' criminal case
White House suggests memos from Justice Department support flouting of House impeachment subpoenas
Colombia seeking deals with protest leaders, but some demands 'unconstitutional'
What to think when you're thinking about impeachment: 5 essential reads


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Q: How to get ip address on iPhone Now I have a requirement to get IP address on iPhone.
Only cellular, how to get IP address?
Only WIFI, how to get IP address?
Both WIFI and cellular, how to get the IP address which is being used?
Thanks for your help.

A: In case you need the external IP address:
Use a UIWebView and then call this API and parse it's JSON:
http://ip-api.com/json


Students can now enjoy burritos, tacos and other treats from Lime seven days a week. For the first time ever, the on-campus Mexican restaurant is now open Monday through Sunday from 11 a.m. to 10 p.m.
The change resulted from a special dining committee that formed last spring to explore options for the future Lakeside Housing Village.
According to Ana Alvarez, executive director of auxiliary services, the committee developed a survey to learn about students' dining preferences and to gain suggestions for future options. In addition to the survey, they conducted a series of focus groups to gather additional feedback.
Meagan Clements, marketing director for UM Dining, said that Student Government, especially former president Adrian Nunez, were instrumental partners in gauging student interest in the change.
Alvarez said that an average of 380 guests is served each Saturday and Sunday. According to Clements, strong sales numbers each weekend and positive feedback from students show that Lime's new working hours are beneficial for everyone.
Jenna Weiss, a sophomore honors communication major, said she usually eats at Lime once a week or once every two weeks.
"I know last year there were no places open on campus over the weekends besides the dining hall and Subway, so Lime definitely gives people more options," Weiss said.
For junior Mateo Cardona, a biochemistry major, the change in on-campus dining was also very exciting. He said that he was disappointed that Lime wasn't opened during the weekends last year, so now he's happy with the extended hours.
"Especially at night, people didn't have many dining options, but now with Lime open later, people have another place to eat," said Cardona.
Alvarez said that the committee responsible for Lime's extended hours plans on doing more to improve UM's dining options.
"The Special Dining Committee on Lakeside Housing Village will regroup this fall to continue to discuss ideas for future retail concepts on campus," she said.


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A blog of the U.S. National Archives
The Plot to Kill President Truman
November 1, 2015 by jessiekratz, posted in Presidents
Today's post comes from Eric Rhodes, an intern in the National Archives History Office in Washington, DC.
Harry S. Truman, 1945. (National Archives Identifier 7865606)
Assassins' bullets have claimed the lives of four United States Presidents, and several other Presidents survived attempts on their lives.
It is not widely known, but Harry Truman was the target of such a conspiracy.
Thirteen years before the Kennedy assassination, on November 1, 1950, two Puerto Rican nationalists attempted to take the President's life. And President Truman's Missouri-bred "Show Me" instinct might have gotten him killed. The buck certainly would have stopped there.
The day before the attempt, Oscar Collazo and Griselio Torresola boarded a train to Washington from the Bronx in New York. They carried with them two pistols and the goal of bringing national attention to the cause of the Puerto Rican Nationalist Party (PRNP).
Founded in 1922, the PRNP had lobbied for Puerto Rican independence from the United States with both the pen and the sword. By 1950, the party's charismatic president, the Harvard-educated Pedro Albizu Campos, had come to favor the latter. Campos orchestrated a series of armed uprisings against U.S. military attachés on October 30, 1950, in six Puerto Rican towns.
The nationalist assault culminated with the attempted assassination of Harry Truman by Collazo and Torresola, both activists in the New York chapter of the party.
The shell of the White House during the renovation, May 17, 1950. (National Archives Identifier 6982099)
It is believed that they made the decision to assassinate Truman, and to face certain death at the hands of the Secret Service, after hearing reports about U.S. military reprisals against nationalists in Torresola's home town of Jayuya, Puerto Rico on October 31, 1950.
Torresola, an experienced gunman, acquired a P38 and a German Luger for their infamous labor. He had to teach Collazo how to wield the pistol before departing New York, as the latter had little experience with guns.
The two would-be assassins awoke in a rundown hotel near Capitol Hill on November 1. They donned their new chalk stripe suits, stuffed the pistols into their waistbands, and did what any first time visitors to DC do: they went sightseeing.
After spending the morning touring the U.S. Capitol Building and its environs, Collazo and Torresola hailed a taxi and told the cabbie to take them to the President's residence at the White House.
But the haberdasher-turned-POTUS was not, in fact, living at 1600 Pennsylvania Avenue.
"Diagram of assassination attempt on President Truman at Blair House," November 2, 1950. (International News Photo, Harry S. Truman Library & Museum, National Archives)
An hour before, Harry Truman had crossed Jackson Place to have lunch with his beloved First Lady, Bess. For almost two years, the Trumans had been living in Blair House, traditionally the President's guest house for official visitors, while the White House underwent a major renovation.
They would spend the vast majority of President Truman's second term there. Around 2 p.m., President Truman retired to his suite on the second floor of the Blair House for his customary afternoon nap.
Approximately 15 minutes into Truman's slumber, Collazo and Torresola exited their cab at 15th street. They strolled past and surveyed the front of Blair House. There were four men outside the building's front door, which stood behind two guard booths. It was time to strike.
Collazo, a well-known bibliophile and family man—and not much of a shot—sneaked up behind White House police officer Donald Birdzell and pulled the trigger. Owing to Collazo's inexperience with firearms, the gun did not fire but snapped noisily. It took a second pull at the trigger to successfully land a bullet in Birdzell's right knee.
The gunshot alerted members of the Secret Service, who quickly emerged from Blair House and fired bullets into Collazo's chest as he was ascending the steps of Blair House. Collazo was incapacitated.
Oscar Collazo Lying Wounded at the Entrance to Blair House, November 1, 1950. (Copyright Life Magazine, Getty Images, courtesy of the Harry S. Truman Library & Museum, National Archives)
In the interim, Torresola strafed across the eastern edge of the building, ambushing White House policeman Leslie Coffelt. Brandishing his Luger, Torresola deftly lodged three bullets in Coffelt's torso.
Coffelt would shortly become the first and only member of the Secret Service to die protecting the President from an assassination attempt. After emptying the rest of his clip into two other guards, Torresola stood by to reload.
Less than 30 seconds into the longest gun battle in Secret Service history, Give 'Em Hell Harry popped his head out of the second-story window to see what all the commotion was about.
Had members of the Secret Service not promptly yelled at him to "get down" (he complied), or had Torresola not been reloading at this precise moment, the President may have met an early end.
The mortally wounded Coffelt was not yet out of commission. With a final burst of energy, he leveled his pistol at Torresola's temple and squeezed. The failed assassin was killed instantly, and the plot to kill Truman was thwarted. Coffelt would go down in Secret Service history as a hero.
The entire exchange lasted for less than one minute, but this episode would have lasting ramifications for Presidential security procedure.
The telegram giving orders to the Governor of Puerto Rico to commute Collazo's death sentence, July 24, 1952. (Truman Library & Museum, National Archives)
In 1951, in the wake of the assassination attempt, Congress passed legislation that increased the purview of the Secret Service's protection to include the President, his family, the President-elect, and the Vice President. The attempt on Truman's life was the event that created the modern Secret Service as we know it today.
In 1952, a week before his scheduled execution, Truman commuted the Collazo's death sentence to life imprisonment. Firmly believing that he was never in danger, Truman expressed that the thing he hated most about the case was that three young men, "one of them killed, and two of them badly wounded," had ended up as casualties. He was of the opinion that it was "all so unnecessary for a thing like that" to have happened.
President Jimmy Carter later commuted Collazo's sentence to time served. Collazo died in Puerto Rico in 1994.
Many thanks to Randy Sowell of the Truman Presidential Library in Independence, Missouri, for sharing his great expertise on Truman's assassination attempt.
President and Mrs. Truman at Arlington National Cemetery, attending funeral services for Pvt. Leslie Coffelt, November 4, 1950. (National Archives Identifier 200242)
Collazo's daughter's letter to Truman, thanking him for sparing her father's life, July 25, 1952.
(Harry S. Truman Library & Museum, National Archives)
Tagged assassination, Harry S. Truman, Secret service
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Sometimes it's plastic, sometimes it's metal. Metal gives more support and surpristingly doesn't rip through the fabric NEARLY as much as plastic.
That doesn't actually surprise me. Formed plastic often ends up with burrs or jutting seams if they're not carefully removed later in production. Also, it's more brittle. If it breaks, you could have jagged edges that will poke through fabric. Metal mostly just bends under that kind of stress, unless repeated for a very long time.
I had a this happen with a pair of boots. They had steel nails in the heels and my coat had steel snaps that set off the wand. Canadian airport security gave me really dirty looks but that was about all.


So the dentist says the tooth has gotta go. Why does it seem like you're more nervous for your child's tooth extraction than you would be for yours? Not to worry. It's actually much easier – and less painful – for a child than for an adult.
Surprisingly, preventing pain takes a lot less for kids than adults. (So why does a skinned knee result in 30 minutes of wailing?!) Your dentist will most certainly use a flavorful topical numbing ointment on the gums, and they might possibly opt for a shot as well. Other factors, including your preference, the age and health of the child, and the dentist's preference, a general anesthesia may be used. However, children generally require less anesthesia than an adult would.
Do not give your child any pain medication before their appointment, as this has been shown to cause blood clotting difficulties.
The dentist will use an elevator to wedge between the tooth and the bone surrounding it to expand the socket and separate its ligament.
Then they'll use the extraction forceps to manipulate the tooth from side to side and rotate it to further the socket expansion and ligament separation. This helps the tooth come out of the socket in its entirety.
Bleeding is typical. After all, your child did just have a tooth ripped from its socket. This should only last for about a day. The dentist will apply a small piece of gauze to the socket. Leave it there long enough for the blood to clot.
It's important to keep the mouth as clean and sterile as possible while it heals. Try having your child rinse out their mouth with saltwater several times a day.
You can also give your child children's Tylenol or Ibuprofen, if the dentist does not prescribe a specific painkiller. Don't use these until after the blood clot has formed though.
Apply a bag of ice (or frozen veggies – whatever's easiest) to the outside of the jaw to reduce swelling and numb the pain.
If any additional swelling occurs or your child spikes a fever, call the dentist immediately, as they could be signs of an infection.


THEME KEYWORDS Public Use Structures, Community Anchor Institutions, Essential Facilities, Landmark Features, Key Geographic Locations, Points of Interest, Structures, Public Buildings, Facilities of General Interest, Civic or Government Buildings, Public Service Facilities, Fire Station, Police Station, School, Library, Post Office, Town Hall.
SOURCE DATA ► DESCRIPTION Local Government Offices in Colorado.
FIELD PlaceName ► ALIAS PlaceName DATA TYPE String WIDTH 100 PRECISION 0 * SCALE 0 FIELD DESCRIPTION The name of an area, sector, or development; incorporated municipality ...; county ...; or region within which the address is physically located; or a name recognized by the USPS for delivery of mail ... .


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University / usa
Vanderbilt University Courses, Admissions, Campus and Scholarships
by adminUpdated: March 16, 2021
The Vanderbilt University, set up in the year 1873, is traceable to Nashville in Tennessee. 'Commodore' Cornelius Vanderbilt funded the University by donating $1 million initially. This esteemed private institution follows the US Education system and contributes to both education and research. The official website of the Vanderbilt University is https://www.vanderbilt.edu/.
With 10 colleges on its picturesque campus in Nashville, the University is well equipped to offer courses at different levels. The Vanderbilt University holds a host of doctorate, graduate, and undergraduate level courses. Also, the student-faculty ratio is 7:1, for the faculty members to focus on each student individually.
Some of the colleges of the Vanderbilt University are the Graduate School, Blair School of Music, Law School, Peabody College of Education & Human Development, School of Engineering, and College of Arts & Sciences.
The international student population of this university constitutes 12% of the total student population and this adds to the diversity on the campus.
Besides, at Vanderbilt University, the admissions ensue by conforming to the deadline of 1st January. Also, the acceptance rate of the University is about 10%, which makes the institution highly selective among the other top-ranking US universities.
The US News & World Report awarded 14th rank to Vanderbilt University in the list of 2021 Best National University Ranking List.
The Vanderbilt University holds over 230 degree courses via its 10 colleges. Among the degrees that the University offers are Master's, Doctorate, Bachelor's, and Post-Graduate Certificate ones.
Under the listing of undergraduate courses that the University offers are in fields such as Human Development, Education, Music, Engineering, Sciences, and Liberal Arts. More so, the University conducts a host of combined degree courses, in addition to distance learning programs.
The popular majors that the undergraduate students of Vanderbilt University pursue include Computer Science, Mathematics, Economics, Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary Studies, among others.
Among the top-ranking programs of Vanderbilt University are MBA, MSc Nursing, MSc Finance, and MSc in Computer Science.
Having about 175 buildings, the Vanderbilt campus has been developed over 340 acres of land. Situated some distance away from downtown Nashville, the Vanderbilt University campus offers a range of on-campus accommodation to the students.
Giving equal importance to academics and activities, the University campus also hosts a number of clubs, fraternities, and sororities. In addition, the students have more than 500 student organizations, where they can partake in the related activities.
Moreover, the Vanderbilt University library is well-stocked with a large number of books and educational resources.
University of Rochester Courses, Admissions, Campus and Scholarships
Georgia Institute of Technology Courses, Admissions, Campus and Scholarships
Invertis University Bareilly
Centurion University of Technology and Management CUTM Bhubaneswar
Kaziranga University KU Jorhat


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Matthew Brown/AP/File
A mining dumper truck hauls coal at Cloud Peak Energy's Spring Creek strip mine near Decker, Mont. in 2013. Federal officials disclosed Thursday that they want to enter settlement talks with an environmental group that sued the government over the potential climate change impacts from burning coal mined in Western states.
Feds seeking settlement in coal mining lawsuits
Federal officials want to join settlement talks over an environmental group's lawsuits on coal mining's possible climate change effects in Western states.
By Matthew Brown Associated Press
February 4, 2016 | BILLINGS, Mont.
Federal officials disclosed Thursday that they want to enter settlement talks with an environmental group that sued the government over the potential climate change impacts from burning coal mined in Western states.
Government attorneys have asked judges overseeing the cases to put them on hold until April 1 while negotiations take place, according to court documents and U.S. Justice Department spokesman Wyn Hornbuckle.
The projects combined involve more than 600 million tons of coal that companies are seeking to mine in Wyoming, Utah, Colorado and New Mexico.
Most of the fuel would come from Arch Coal, Inc.'s Black Thunder Mine in eastern Wyoming, one of the largest coal mines in the world. Arch declared bankruptcy earlier this year, but the mine continues to operate.
WildEarth Guardians, the group that sued to overturn federal approval for the projects, has prevailed in similar cases challenging mining projects in Montana and Colorado. As a result, the Interior Department was forced to re-analyze the impacts of mining and burning coal. No mining operations were halted.
"We're not trying to shut everybody down tomorrow, but Interior needs to understand there are some consequences here," said WildEarth Guardians' Jeremy Nichols.
The move to settle the still-pending lawsuits comes after Interior Secretary Sally Jewell last month imposed a moratorium on new sales of taxpayer-owned coal reserves.
There has been longstanding criticism of the government's coal program by some members of Congress. Jewell's Jan. 15 order called for a three-year review to address climate change impacts and determine if taxpayers are getting a fair deal in the sale of public reserves to private companies.
Hornbuckle declined to say if the request for settlement talks in the WildEarth Guardians lawsuits was tied to the moratorium.
Attorneys for the mining companies involved in one of the lawsuits asked U.S. District Judge William Martinez in Colorado to let them intervene in the case so they could participate in settlement discussions.
Besides Arch's Black Thunder, the mines in that case are Cloud Peak Energy's Antelope Mine in Wyoming, Bowie Resources' Bowie No. 2 mine in western Colorado and Peabody Energy's El Segundo Mine in northwestern New Mexico.
Two other lawsuits involve New Mexico's San Juan Mine, which was recently sold to Westmoreland Coal Co. and the Flat Canyon coal lease near Bowie Resources' Skyline Mine in Utah.
US energy in five maps (infographics)
Why cheap oil won't stop clean energy
Change Agent SkyTruth spots environmental problems from space
USA Update Hillary Clinton's $30 billion plan for coal country
https://www.csmonitor.com/Environment/2016/0204/Feds-seeking-settlement-in-coal-mining-lawsuits


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Advertising : 7,181 words
(1868, November 13). The Sydney Morning Herald (NSW : 1842 - 1954), p. 1. Retrieved January 20, 2021, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-page1464543
The Sydney Morning Herald (NSW : 1842 - 1954) 13 November 1868: 1. Web. 20 Jan 2021 <http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-page1464543>.
1868, The Sydney Morning Herald (NSW : 1842 - 1954), 13 November, p. 1. , viewed 20 Jan 2021, http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-page1464543
{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-page1464543 |newspaper=[[The Sydney Morning Herald]] |volume=LVIII, |issue=9511 |location=New South Wales, Australia |date=13 November 1868 |accessdate=20 January 2021 |page=1 |via=National Library of Australia}}
The Sydney Morning Herald (NSW : 1842 - 1954), Fri 13 Nov 1868, Page 1


The squeeze film behavior in a hemispherical porous bearing under a steady load is analyzed. A nonspinning spherical rotor moves vertically down toward the inner surface of the bearing squeezing the incompressible lubricant film in the gap between the rotor and the bearing. The analysis shows that the permeability of the bearing matrix and the wall thickness of the bearing adversely affect the load capacity and greatly reduce the time needed for the rotor to attain a given eccentricity. Also, unlike the case of an impermeable bearing, there exists the possibility of the rotor coming in actual contact with the bearing (ε = 1) in finite time. The results are presented in graphical and tabular forms.
Murti PK. Squeeze Film Behavior in a Spherical Porous Bearing. ASME. J. of Lubrication Tech. 1975;97(4):638-641. doi:10.1115/1.3452694.


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Tag: 1880 Milan Resolution Conference
Gallaudet U: Denison House
Alumni and Alumnus get this letter from Denison House at Gallaudet University asking for their donation to show Gallaudet pride. Supposedly if James Denison is alive and sees this, how would he respond to toxicity on the Gallaudet campus?
Tagged 1880 Milan Resolution, 1880 Milan Resolution Conference, Alexander Graham Bell, ASL, Cochlear Implant, Cued Speech, Deaf, Gallaudet College, Gallaudet Community, Gallaudet University, Gallaudet University Alumni Association, Human Rights, James Denison, Jason "JT" Tozier, Jason Tozier, Milan 1880, Oralism, To Sigh is Human
Light a Candle Against Hate
September 7, 2019 The Last HiccupLeave a comment
Lit a candle has a good reason. Light a candle against hate.
It's the day (September 7th) that changed the world of the Deaf in 1880, much dismay and disgusted with Oralism practice in Alexander Graham Bell's America insulting ASL and Deaf people's intelligence, too numerous to document each unbearable pain. The question, are we equally hurt in the making of cultural disrespect? If not, then are we at very best, in terms of reality, a hypocrite? Today is 2019.
While on a subject what hate is, this kind of hate incidents—Deaf people that do not rise to the level of punishable crime, the worst part that they had been dealing with a life-time psychological impact that is the greatest invisible hurt in Deaf community.
Is the stage of grief also invisible? We should focus on hate crimes, the outlook is hardly more difficult to fathom.
Deaf community, it is time to reclaim our pursuit of happiness.
That means rejecting the practice of hate that has been characterized by Deaf people too long. ASL and the Deaf community is rightly proud of its identity of a healthy human, a reputation that has been bullied by Alexander Graham Bell to destroy the stage of Deaf minds. The goal is to weaken the morale of the Deaf, and self-reflective of their own self-hate, such as the state of being Deaf, insulting cultural norms and values.
We start out with the hearing privilege is powerful in this underlying Audism Deaf people suffer from. One of my favorite books to read, George Orwell's classic 1949 novel, 1984. In my 44 years on Mother Earth, the book is the greatest superpower left on the planet we live, breathe, and appreciate by protecting the principles of ASL and state of being Deaf, it is a superpower.
Hate is a slanderous and vicious personal attack that has damaged Deaf people's personal reputation as a breach of human growth and negligence. Where are the rights of the Deaf to be protected from the society's malicious images that are contributed to mental health injuries, and the greatest loss of repetitional damage?
Hate is a real mental health issue.
Tagged 1880 Milan Resolution, 1880 Milan Resolution Conference, 1984, Alexander Graham Bell, Alexander Graham Bell Association for the Deaf and Hard of Hearing, Bullying, Censorship, Cochlear Implant, Cochlear Implants, Culture of Fear, Deaf community, Deaf Culture, Deaf Hate Crime, George Orwell, Hate, Hate Crime, Hate crimes, Jason "JT" Tozier, Jason Tozier, Milan 1880, Milan Resoultion 1880, Oralism, Second International Congress on Education of the Deaf
The Long Silence of Forgotten Audism
April 10, 2017 April 10, 2017 The Last HiccupLeave a comment
Since Tom Humphries coined "Audism" in late '70s for his Ph.D., his vision of seeing a lot of Deaf people being oppressed so frightening that as Tom did not give any professional lectures about it. Almost four decades later, Humphries does not believe in it to pretend that Audism exist. Is Audism controversial? I remember reading a book, The Mask of Benevolence: Disabling the Deaf Community that was published in 1992 while I was a sophomore in high school, I did not read the book until 1999.
Harlan Lane, Carl Schroeder and I had a private meeting in 2010. He signed the very same book I read in 1999.
There are millions of poor Deaf people, any kind of color in America that are suffering from pain and exploitation they all had in common, as a lover of freedom and liberty for all Deaf people to enjoy, I believe that efforts to build a law that recognizes Audism through stories, hard facts, and professional opinion, basic elements that are commonly missing when discussing "Audism" in the society.
If I coined a term whatever it is, I would make sure I educate the country, no matter what how long it is because it is my social responsibility and civil duty to continue educates Deaf people.
Let's face up to it, Mr. Tom Humphries, there are millions of Deaf people who might look up on you, in a sphere of heavily steeped emotionalism, political struggle, power struggle, and human struggle that are completely ignored and continue to ignore Audism that exists today and tomorrow. I was one of them who look up to you. I own a painting of your face done by Nancy Rourke along with 12 faces in my personal space that was supposed to make all difference.
Is Tom Humphries still a scholar today? As in a book chapter called Audism: Exploring the Metaphysics of Oppression by hearing chair of ASL and Deaf Studies department at Gallaudet University, H-Dirksen L. Bauman writes:
However, it is was not until 1975 when a Deaf scholar, Tom Humphries, decided it was time to name the discrimination against Deaf persons and to coin a term that would be part of the currency of discussions on human rights, deaf education, and employment."
Audism did not discuss until 1992. Why long silence? Funny thing that I was struggling in schools, home life, and personal life because of long-silenced treatment that Audism exists. Talking about Audism has often occurred in the context of angry words, hostility, accusations, and divisiveness.
This coming Friday and Saturday, April 14th and April 15th, there will be rally sponsored by Audism Free America (AFA) celebrating 200 years of American Sign Language (ASL), Deaf Education and their stories through the power, freedom, and justice to fight against Audism to let the society know that it is a permanent movement.
Where is your empowerment, Humphries? That was 42 years ago—and Deaf people would be empowered by now instead of being in silence about it. Since 1880 Milan Resolution, Deaf people have been survivors of the longest hate crime in American history. We refuse to live in hearing superiority. They need to respect Deaf people—the more respect, less Audism. In Humphries's words:
The notion that one is superior based on one's ability to hear or behave in the manner of one who hears. It is the bias and prejudice of hearing people against deaf people, it is the bias and prejudice of some deaf people against other deaf people."
Although, the society that I envision is one that maximizes freedom and liberties for ALL Deaf people coming from walk of life—the concept of ignorance is what completes the loop of full justice even at Gallaudet University.
Yet, Bauman writes, "The term now appears at all levels of the Deaf Studies curriculum at Gallaudet University, from Introduction to Deaf Studies to Deaf Cultural Studies."
I was asked to give a lecture at Gallaudet University a month ago and found that Deaf students who comes from mainstreaming schools, some of them are juniors and sophomores at Gallaudet has no idea what Audism stands for or do not know who George Veditz is, or Alexander Graham Bell, even the story about Milan. It's very serious problem. I call it "Social Problem 101".
Gallaudet University needs to bring stronger ethics and require ALL Deaf students to take at least 12 credits in Deaf Studies and Deafhood courses even though if they are not ASL/Deaf Studies majors.
Perhaps we should re-frame the question: How can Audism protect Deaf people from future social problems? In this case, the answer probably lies in higher learning and lectures. How would you answer this, Tom Humphries? Deaf people who are survivors of Audism do not need to be forgotten even in long silence.
Copyright @ 2017 Jason Tozier
Humphries, T. (1975). Audism: The Making of a Word. Unpublished essay.
Lane, H. (1992). The Mask of Benevolence: Disabling the Deaf Community.
Bauman, H-Dirksen L. (2004). Audism: Exploring the Metaphysics of Oppression.
Tagged 1880 Milan Resolution, 1880 Milan Resolution Conference, AFA, American Politics, American Sign Language, ASL, Audism, Audism Free America, Carl Schroeder, Deaf, Deaf Education, Deaf Studies, Dirksen Bauman, Gallaudet University, Harlan Lane, Hate Crime, Humphrey-Dirksen Lippman Bauman, Jason "JT" Tozier, Nancy Rourke, Sociology, The Mask of Benevolence: Disabling the Deaf Community, Tom Humphries
Powerful Diversion in Deaf Community
March 22, 2017 The Last Hiccup1 Comment
Deaf against Deaf that causes diversion in our combustible present, we all need to reframe the conversation about pain we must continue to have, chronicling the powerful forces that have long oppressed progress in Deaf community.
The problem is that the majority of Deaf people do not know what 8th Amendment in the United States Constitution stands for. At the same time, the 8th Amendment was, in important ways, lacks greatly in Deaf community to hold the truth to be self-evident that exposed Deaf to Deaf to be extralegal violence and widespread violence.
Deaf against Deaf as the enemy makes for a failure of humanity. In May 2015, I wrote a post, For Your Eyes Only: HATE is Real
"I am talking to you. DEAF to DEAF. You and I have the same identity: DEAF.
HATE—we have been led to believe that it does not exist in our life. Hate produces ignorance, discrimination, and prejudice. We know some Deaf who rejects being DEAF, deny American Sign Language and their signed languages as languages and culture….
Is it time to support DEAF community and stop hate speech? We all know what Audism means. Is it also time to advance our knowledge that hate speech actually exists in our life?
Is America Surdophobia? Gary van Gils, a social worker who lives in Holland and is highly respected as Deaf Studies lecturer, coined it. The term is well defined academically and it makes sense to me. In the meaning of Surdophobia, "a hostility, intolerance, or fear against Deaf people, Deaf culture, and the Deaf community and that resistance toward the sign languages used. It can consist of a range of negative attitudes toward Deafhood, the idea of Deafpositive and Deaf rights."
It was 1880. The infamous Milan Conference—the world's original sin in the midst of global language war to make Deaf community suffer in its horrors. Alexander Graham Bell, the original sinner is the story of America to begin hate. It is foundational.
AGBell dominated lives of Deaf people in America from his hate speech in 1883 and 1884 well into the 20th century. From hatred to coffin, there was no nook of a Deaf person's life that it did not touch.
Today, Deaf people suffered the most: Employment, higher education, and the rights to the pursuit of happiness for ALMOST 10 decades—10 decades! Both of your hands in FIVE. The same states had constantly failed to provide good jobs and treat Deaf people "equal"—where is the Achilles heel that National Association of the Deaf (NAD) stand up and sign out? It is not enough. NAD is the oldest Civil Rights organization in the United States of America.
For example, how come Gallaudet University did not equalize enough educational opportunities and did not finance, create, and maintain law degrees and doctoral programs in Sociology?
Today, Gallaudet University is still not Deaf-centered, Deaf-controlled, and Deaf-oriented campus. The Deaf President Now (DPN) in 1988 was so much more than everything. The biggest mistake is to allow hearing students at Gallaudet in early 1990's. That is why it is also much diversion in Deaf community.
DPN was a series of hard-fought, locally and nationally organized campaigns, shining the lights of the media to challenge hearing privileges and employment that hearing people took away from Deaf people who are highly qualified for the jobs.
Also, DPN skillfully used the media to expose the horrors of overt discrimination, Audism, and hatred they experienced from hearing people to the world. That was the soul of America. It saddens me to see that Deaf against Deaf. How can we make it feel like 1988?
Tagged 1880 Milan Resolution Conference, AGBell, Alexander Graham Bell, Audism, Deaf, Deaf President Now, Discrimination, DPN 1988, Eighth Amendment, Gary van Gils, Hate, Hatred, Higher Education, Higher Learning, Jason "JT" Tozier, Milan Resolution 1880, National Association of the Deaf, United States Constitution
Becoming a Better Student of Higher Learning
February 24, 2017 The Last HiccupLeave a comment
Tagged 1880 Milan Resolution, 1880 Milan Resolution Conference, Alexander Graham Bell, American Sign Language, ASL, Deaf, Deaf Discourses, Deafhood, Deafhood Framework, Gallaudet, Gallaudet University, George Veditz, Higher Education, Higher Learning, Jason "JT" Tozier
Why Not AGBell in the List of Hate Groups?
February 16, 2017 February 16, 2017 The Last HiccupLeave a comment
[https://www.splcenter.org/hatewatch]
There are now reported 21 hate groups in District of Columbia released by Southern Poverty Law Center's HATEWATCH. The only missing group is Alexander Graham Bell Association for the Deaf and Hard of Hearing. How come SPLC did not list AGBell in this group? Well, there are few reasons that I will do my best to write and explain why AGBell should be classified as a hate group. Perhaps SPLC would learn from this for a start and go from there.
First of all, it is a sound-oriented world and SPLC does not really understand what Deaf people had suffered in their lifetime experiencing hate. Bell's action equaled "Audism" of denying the linguistic minority such as Deaf signers such privileges and societal rights to the use of "natural language" Audism should really a logical term to describe AGBell's eugenics movement for imposing linguistic and cultural superiority and eradication upon Deaf American signers of the late 1800's and early 1900's.
More appropriate terms are linguistic imperialism or attempt to "linguicide" the sociocultural minority, ex. Deaf signers of the post-Milan Conference period from conveying and expressing their own thoughts in practical and efficient language usage. "Linguicism" could be also an acceptable term to describe AGBell's misguided ideology of assimilating or centralizing the sociolinguistic minority into the society at large on so-called equal basis.
Deaf Americans and other Deaf people everywhere, could enact the strategic multilingualism policies to ensure the protection and preservation of our beloved and precious language (ASL, LSF, BSL, and many others) from possibility of linguistic extinction/loss and sociocultural genocide or undermine the existence of minority language usage. Deaf people everywhere ought to call for the non-intervention policy to make our natural language of the Deaf to the protected status to the listing of endangered language usage in the United States and other countries.
Beginning with the work of AGBell in the late 19th century, Deaf people have been frequent and prominent targets of the eugenics movement. It is not widely known by the general public that, in addition to his work as an inventor, Bell was also a leading figure in the education of the Deaf in the late 19th and 20th centuries. In order to put this issue into context, it is important to consider AGBell and the educational and social programs he promoted.
As it was indicated, the primary characteristic identifying a member of the Deaf community, as opposed to a hearing-impaired person, is the use of ASL. It is a matter of great importance to members of the Deaf community that AGBell was a leader of the movement to "all-oral" education of the Deaf, in which ASL was banned from the educational process and discouraged in ordinary social intercourse.
AGBell and other oralists seem to have been motivated by two major beliefs. First was a belief in the "progressive" idea that American should have a single "official" language, spoken English, and that everyone should acquire in the same way. Signing was thought to result in the failure to have an adequate command of English, which would condemn the Deaf person to a life of poverty and impaired intellect. The use of ASL in the educational process was felt to impede the development not only of speaking and lip-reading but also reading and writing.
The second motivation for the oralists was eugenic in nature and had to do with the supposed genetic bases of the state of being Deaf. The reasoning went like this: AGBell, in an influential monograph titled Memoir Upon the Formation of a Deaf Variety of the Human Race, asserted that sign language and those residential schools where it was used led to the formation of a separate Deaf community.
He noted, further, that the state of being Deaf is primarily heredity and that if Deaf people congregate and intermarry, the state of being Deaf, seen as a severe disability, will increase in the general population. Both of these lines of reasoning are know known to the without foundation-sign language has never been shown to interfere with the acquisition of spoken English skills, and, as is known to all of you, the state of being Deaf has many causes, generic and nongerietic.
In fact, most Deaf couple have hearing children (Lane, 1999) this can be attributed to a wider social awareness of other cultures in general in the United States. Even though awareness of Deaf culture has been perpetuated, the knowledge of the condition is not wholly agreed on by individuals in the hearing community, as evidenced by the results of the true or false portion of community how they view of Deaf people.
That is one of many reasons why SPLC did not really understand how much pain Deaf community has gone through the series of hatred. One day, AGBell Association for the Deaf and Hard of Hearing will be recognized as a hate group. Time will come.
Lane, Harlan (1992). The Mask of Benevolence: Disabling the Deaf Community. Dawn Sign Press. 1999.
https://www.amazon.co.uk/Memoir-formation-variety-human-race/dp/B000J0OV24
Tagged 1880 Milan Resolution, 1880 Milan Resolution Conference, Alexander Graham Bell, Alexander Graham Bell Association for the Deaf and Hard of Hearing, American Sign Language, ASL, Audism, British Sign Language, BSL, Deaf, Deaf community, eradication, Eugenics, Harlan Lane, Hate, Hate Crime, Hate Literature, Hate Speech, HateWatch, Jason "JT" Tozier, Jason Tozier, Linguicide, Linguicism, Linguistic Extinction, LSF, Memoir Upon the Formation of a Deaf Variety of the Human Race, Milan Resolution 1880, Minority, Oralism, Oralists, Racism, Southern Poverty Law Center, The Mask of Benevolence: Disabling the Deaf Community
Mr. Arnold Schwarzenegger, Please Apologize to the Deaf Community
February 12, 2017 January 11, 2019 The Last HiccupLeave a comment
It is just disheartening to see that once in a while that Deaf people would be mocked for their own language choice: American Sign Language (ASL). When Arnold Schwarzenegger, a former governor for the state of California has mocked ASL front of the audience promoting them to laugh. I was shocked to see what he has done. I had respect for him.
I've seen all of Arnold's movies, of course, The Terminator, but one movie gave me a lot of laughter, Twins with Danny DeVito. Memories were good! Arnold was the one who vetoed AB 2072 in 2010, he saved Deaf community. But…. after what he did couple of days ago, he did not save the Deaf community instead of mocking them. No compassion.
So, I went ahead and find out when the Twins were produced and surprised that it was made in 1988, the same year Deaf President Now won the hearts of American people to pick its first Deaf president in history. Respect!
Where is the compassion? Is it a right word? A compassion is a moment of sudden clarity on a dank day whether it was morning, neither afternoon nor evening.
We all are the same. We are all Deaf. We are all the same. Though, our stories are not the same. We live in a very oppressed world dominated by hearing people. The hearing world has forgotten that Deaf people have been contributed to the society. Did Arnold even know that the mirror said to him?
Each day, Deaf people face challenges–discrimination in all spheres of public spaces wherever they go to. The nation that has named United States of America was supposed to live in a peaceful space. When Laurent Clerc arrived on the soil of America in 1816, we all need to remember the old mantra of Deaf progress. It makes Clerc as an immigrant just like all of us. Arnold was an immigrant, too. America was built with immigrants.
Clerc's America was supposed to be seen as "grandfather clause" meant to protect Deaf people. After infamous 1880 Milan Resolution, thousands of Deaf people even today–I meant, a countless number the last two centuries were targeted for bullying.
Soon, few weeks away from the month of March–the National Deaf History Month. Never mind Alexander Graham Bell's birthday on March 3rd or Sleep Awareness Month that Deaf people were supposed to sleep peaceful without being bullied. We will not forget what AGBell or Arnold has done to us. Deaf History Month is filled of Deaf people pushing us for future and build stronger foundation at every forward step.
Have Deaf people suffered enough hate from cruel people? The scourge of hate speech about ASL has been built enough reputation. ASL might be seen as homeless to hearing people who laughed just like what Arnold did. ASL, arguably the most marginalized and forgotten group in the United States promoted by AGBell Association for the Deaf and Hard of Hearing, is constantly either ignored or encouraged by its laughter.
How in the name of ignorance can it be misunderstood if one does not hear or know it? If you were in the same room, talking on the same objectives, then why was the laughter not very much part of us? Laughing is contagious if it shared and understood.
It is about the moan of pain. Will hearing people accept Deaf people in America today? We will need to continue to stand up against hate speech. ASL and the intellectual life of the Deaf have become quite pronounced as the result of the contact between two educators: Laurent Clerc, and the Rev. Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet. That is why it is important to celebrate 200 years anniversary with the arrival of Clerc.
Before closing this post, Deaf people have given plenty of contribution to the society and recognize them as human beings with inherent rights. Arnold needs to apologize for mocking ASL. We do not need a Terminator to mock us. If Arnold refuses to apologize then he's terminated! Where is California Association of the Deaf's action and tell Arnold not to do that?
Tagged 1880 Milan Resolution Conference, America, American Sign Language, Arnold Schwarzenegger, Bigotry, CAD, California Association of the Deaf, Deaf, Deaf President Now, Gallaudet University, Hate Crime, Hate Speech, Ignorance, Jason "JT" Tozier, Language Bigotry, Laughing, Laughter, Laurent Clerc, Rev. Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet, The Terminator, Twins
The Only and One Rogue: A Sound Wars Story
December 12, 2016 March 12, 2017 The Last HiccupLeave a comment
This was me wearing Darth Vader shirt. Christmas 1981.
Meet Alexander Graham Bell, the only and one Rogue. The definition of 'Rogue' in dictionary means "dishonest man"—and Mr. Bell was also the scoundrel behind Sound Wars story. Alexander Graham Bell first advocated Oralism and speech training and the removal of ASL (American Sign Language) from curriculum. By 1927, sign languages had been banned from most schools as a result of his lobbying (Maher, 1996). This promotes the ignorance of Deaf culture, especially when the following definition of culture is used:
A culture is a set of learned behaviors of a group of people who have their own language, values, rules for behavior, and traditions. A person may be born into a culture; he is brought up according to the values of the culture and his personality and behavior are shaped by his cultural values. Or, a person may grow up in a culture and later learn the languages, values, and practices of a different culture and become "encultured" into that culture.
The Deaf are outsiders in the hearing American world. (Mow, 1989) says that each person has experienced "mental isolation", which he describes in detail: "while everyone is talking or laughing, you are as far away as a lone Arab on a desert that stretches along every horizon Everyone and everything are a mirage; you see them but you cannot touch or become a part of them. You thirst for connection." The Deaf are further alienated from American society because they are not always as normal healthy people (Rutherford, 1992) Also, consider the "hearing impaired"—although used to refer to the Deaf, and hard of hearing, this label is considered highly offensive to the Deaf. It ignores cultural identity and its use among hearing is a sign of ignorance (Roach, 2002).
With the lack of ASL education in early education resulting from AGBell reforms, the majority of Deaf people show a profound pain in their lives. It seems that the hate crimes against Deaf citizens have dwindled since the time of AGBell. Bell's action equaled "hate crime" of denying the linguistic minority (Deaf signers) such privileges and societal rights to the use of "natural language."
Hate crime was a logical term to describe AGBell's eugenics movement for imposing linguistic and cultural superiority and eradication upon Deaf signers of the late 1800's and early 1900's. More appropriate terms are linguistic imperialism or attempt to "linguicide" the sociocultural minority, for example, Deaf signers of the post-1880 Milan Conference period from conveying and expressing their own thoughts in practical and efficient language usage.
"Linguicism" could also be an acceptable term to describe AGBell's misguided ideology of assimilating or centralizing the sociolinguistic minority into the society at large on so-called equal basis. Deaf people everywhere, could enact the strategic multilingualism polices to ensure the protection and preservation of our beloved and precious signed languages from possibly linguistic extinction and loss and sociocultural genocide or undermine the existence of minority language usage. Deaf people everywhere ought to call for the non-intervention policy to make our natural language of the Deaf to the protected statues to the listing of endangered language usage in the United States.
Beginning the work of AGBell in late 19th century, Deaf people have been frequent and prominent targets of the eugenics movement. It is not widely known by the general public that, in addition to his work as an inventor of the phone was later found fraud, Bell was also a leading figure in the education of the Deaf in the late 19th and early 20th century. In order to put his issue into context, it is important to consider Bell and the educational and social programs he promoted.
The Only and One Rogue with the most famous quote ever, "We should try ourselves to forget that they are deaf. We should try to teach them to forget that they are deaf"—AGBell, 1884. The quote goes under the instant microscope of cameras and social media. Every detail is investigated, and the Deaf community has demanded community accountability. First one: Bigotry. Second: Language Belittlement. Third: Hate Crime. Bigotry is the first tier supporting a language belittlement, second tier to push for the systematic change adding hate crime, a third and final tier.
Deaf people today and tomorrow struggle even more when they attempt to tell their stories that they have been severely oppressed, yet, forgotten and ignored. 1) Framing the problem evaluates and subsequently rejects the applications of the Deaf people. 2) Framing the problem routinely reduces the number of incidents allocated to Deaf people by paid government officials. Many of the Deaf people are unable to defend themselves and lose the help they desperately need. 3) Framing the problem forces the Deaf people to prove that they are Deaf over and over again every day to qualify for Deaf people's own safety. 4) The provisions for limiting and framing the problem for Deaf people to qualify are so high that do quality are unable to meet the federal hate crimes to engage into the licensed statistics. AGBell's career is littered with catastrophes.
That is why AGBell, the Only and One Rogue loved being Darth Vader……and all the sound wars stories from Deaf survivors—zip. Lost. Forever. I hold him responsible even in the picture above I made sure that
AGBell's beliefs and structural biases commanded Deaf people to be changed because of his deep-seated hatred codes. Then his beliefs have to be changed, too. AGBell will be always ROGUE ONE forever.
https://audismnegatsurdi.com/2015/12/20/if-gallaudet-wrote-star-wars-jedi-bell-return/
https://audismnegatsurdi.com/2015/12/22/sound-wars-the-force-awakens/
Tagged 1880 Milan Resolution Conference, Alexander Graham Bell Association for the Deaf and Hard of Hearing, Audism, Darth Vader, Deaf, Deaf Culture, Deaf People, Hate Crime, Jason "JT" Tozier, Rogue, Star Wars
My First Linocut Art!
August 12, 2016 April 26, 2017 The Last Hiccup2 Comments
I am a great believer in numbers, my first love in education was math. So, I developed my first linocut art to show that the numbers are critical to us, recollection and validation of their lives in Deaf community how much American sign Language and Signed Languages around the world–that the effect of 1880 has shown Oralism a validity of lies.
MDCXX= 1620 and that was the year where a 'proclamation compelled Juan Pablo de Bonet to create and publish the first book on sign language in 1620' (Butterworth & Flodin, 1995)
CCLX= 260 years later…….
MDCCCLXXX= 1880: All in the mirrors Deaf community wake up in the morning on second Saturday of September to experience the mother of language hegemony: bigotry destroyed their sign languages for political gain. Soon, I will present another linocut art (Deaf theme) that will present in a math sequence. Hopefully I will make it more interesting! I love art therapy! Even a year later today would tell a lot.
Tagged 1880 Milan Resolution, 1880 Milan Resolution Conference, American Sign Language, Audism, Hate Crime, Hate Literature, Hate Speech, Higher Education, Jason "JT" Tozier, Juan Pablo de Bonet, Language Aversion, Language Bigotry, Language Hegemony, Language Racism, September 11, September 1880, Sign Language
Milan Conference 1880 Would Be Horrified By Nyle DiMarco's Letter
May 24, 2016 February 12, 2017 The Last Hiccup3 Comments
My name is Nyle DiMarco. I am Deaf. I'm the fourth generation and I have over 25 Deaf members in my family. I am now in the semi finals towards the Mirror Ball on Dancing With The Stars. I am writing this letter to let you know how much your song "Sound of Silence" means so much to me and my Deaf community and that I would love to dance to your song for the finals. I feel this is important for you to know that we the Deaf people underwent a terrible history and we are still stuck in the darkness. The darkness of oppression that your song truly reverberated to me.
Before the year 1880, we the Deaf people lived normal lives. We were perceived normal. We held political positions. We joined the army. We had jobs. We had an education through sign language that greatly benefited to our visual eyes and silent ears. It was until the Milan Conference in 1880 that led to language deprivation and… ultimately our culture, our job opportunities, and our intelligence. We were tortured. Our ancestors underwent electric shock chairs, surgeries (without anesthesia), and so many torturing methods just to help us regain our hearing. We were also punished if we used sign language. We were whipped. Slapped with our rulers. Abused. We were required to try and learn to speak (and that always, always miserably failed).
We also lost jobs. Many now perceive us as disabled, that we can't serve the army, hold political positions, nor teach.
Because of the conference that almost led to the death of the Deaf culture (and was basically genocide and cultural-genocide), we are still trying to get out of the dark. I just founded Nyle DiMarco Foundation and our focus is on Deaf kids. We are working with state and U.S. senators to write and pass the bill that requires bilingualism (American Sign Language and English) because it was recently proven by science that it will benefit the Deaf child a lot more than just English only. I am using my celebrity platform and especially on DWTS for good cause.
With your song… we are planning on showing my history's terrible times through dancing… and to your powerful and moving song. We feel that with you, your song, and us, we will make/change history and help people better understand our history, and build allies all over the world to help better Deaf lives.
Help us resurface from our darkness, from the systematic oppression. There is power in Sound of Silence.
We hope you will grant us the permission. Lets change history together!
Nyle DiMarco
Tagged 1880 Milan Resolution, 1880 Milan Resolution Conference, Alexander Graham Bell Association for the Deaf and Hard of Hearing, American Sign Language, Audism, Hate Crime, Hate Speech, Jason "JT" Tozier, Language Bigotry, Mask of Benevolence, Milan Resoultion 1880, Nyle DiMarco, Sound of Silence


text:
The CNN–News18 Indian of the Year (initially CNN–IBN Indian of the Year) is an award presented annually to various Indians for their work in their respective fields by the Indian media house CNN–News18. The awards are presented in various categories of Politics, Sports, Business, Entertainment, Public Service and Global Indian. The idea of the award was originated by journalists: Rajdeep Sardesai and Sagarika Ghose.

In addition to the traditional award categories of Politics, Business, Sports, Entertainment, Public Service and Global Indian,  a new category, that of a 'CNN-IBN Indian of the Year – Popular Choice' was introduced in the ninth edition, where one awardee was chosen from the 35 nominees across categories basis the votes received from public through Facebook.

Winners

Main awards

Special awards
1. 2007

 Lifetime Achievement - R K Laxman

2. 2008

 Lifetime Achievement - Dilip Kumar

 Special Awards - Tukaram Omble
 Special Awards - Mumbai Police
 Special Awards - Sheila Dikshit
3. 2009

 Lifetime Achievement - Pandit Ravi Shankar

 Special Awards - Kamal Haasan
 Special Awards - Indian Cricket Team
4. 2010

 Lifetime Achievement - M. S. Swaminathan

5. 2011

 Lifetime Achievement - Verghese Kurien

  Outstanding Achievement - K J Yesudas
 Special Awards - Yuvraj Singh
 Special Awards - Manipur Women Gun Survivors Network
 Special Awards - Ronjan Sodhi
6. 2012

 Lifetime Achievement - Heroes of Rezang La, 1962
 Special Awards - Aamir Khan & Team Satyamev Jayate
 Special Awards - MC Mary Kom
 Special Awards - Tessy Thomas & Team DRDO
7. 2013

 Outstanding Achievement - Leander Paes
 2013 Outstanding Achievement - Ramakant Achrekar
 Special Awards - Team ITBP and NDRF
 Special Awards - Deepika Padukone
8. 2014
Lifetime Achievement Award: ISRO team
Outstanding Achievement Award: Azim Premji, Kailash Satyarthi
Special Achievement Award: Kangana Ranaut
Popular Choice Award: Kalvakuntla Chandrashekar Rao, P Vijayan
Public Service: Tongam Rina
Politics: Arun Jaitley
Global Indian: Satya Nadella
8. 2015
Lifetime Achievement Award: Balbir Singh Dosanjh
Outstanding Achievement Award: Dr.Bindeshwar Pathak, United Technologies (Make in India)
Special Achievement Award: Kangana Ranaut, Ranveer Singh
Public Service: People of Chennai
Special Jury Award: Leander Paes
10. 2017
Outstanding Achievement in Entertainment (2017): Team Baahubali
12. 2022

 Outstanding Achievement - Sania Mirza, Ranveer Singh
 Special Achievement - Sonu Sood
 Climate Warrior - M. Yoganathan
 Social Change - Shankare Gowda
 Start-ups - Zoho Corporation
 Special Mention - Kulsum Shadab Wahab

See also

 NDTV Indian of the Year

References

Indian awards
Awards established in 2005
2005 establishments in India

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia