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#OnThisDay: Remembering the Sentencing and Execution of Black Soldiers After the 1917 Houston Race Riots at Camp Logan
This is a difficult part of our history where the heroes become the bad guys. Over 100 years later & this is still up to interpretation. That said, context matters. In regards to this incident, the backdrop is a Jim Crow Houston,TX, a hostile environment for black servicemen who had to endure their presence aggressively protested by Houston's white civic leaders & white citizens as well as immense harassment & disrespect from the white police force. Remember these are black SERVICEMEN, but were seen as a threat.
These soldiers were members of the Third Battalion of the 24th Infantry, descendants of Buffalo Soldiers who were Black soldiers who served on the Western frontier after the Civil War. This men were serving their country, something that should be treated with respect, as they were treated with EVERYWHERE they went except in the country they were fighting for. And when these Black soldiers arrived in Houston on July 28th, 1917 to guard the construction site of Camp Logan following the United States declaring war on Germany, they were greeted with hostility.
These Black men in military uniforms were told to "sit only in the back of streetcars, to drink from specified water sources, to ignore the daily barrage of insults and epithets, and to treat white people deferentially, especially police officers." Day in and day out, these Black men were harassed by the town's citizens and law enforcement and were met with violence when they talked back. The whites of Houston feared that if they showed respect to Black servicemen then the Black people of Houston may come to expect that same treatment and god forbid Black people be treated with any decency. Add to that, their higher ranking white officers did nothing to protect or stand up for these men.
On Aug 23, 1917, after a month of escalating tensions, an incident w/Houston police resulting in a black serviceman getting shot triggered approx. 100 soldiers who took to the streets with their rifles…"at the end of which 16 white people were dead, including 5 policemen, w/4 soldiers also killed. It was one of the only riots in U.S. history in which more white people died than black people." The next day, martial law was declared in Houston and the unit was dispatched back to New Mexico.
There were court martials broken up into three stages, the first being the largest in US military history. In total 118 were indited, 110 were found guilty, 63 received life sentences and 13* were sentenced to death by hanging, WITHOUT the right to appeal. These men all shared one lawyer. Many sentenced were not identified by civilian witnesses &/or denied being part of the mutiny, leading to a change in the military's appeal process. "Only 2 white officers faced courts-martial, and they were released. Not a single white civilian was brought to trial." The men sentenced to death were not told their fate until two days before it was to take place and were given no time to appeal for clemency. Their request to be shot was denied. On December 11, 1917, these 13 men were taken in to a truck to the scaffold where thirteen ropes awaited. By the time the public learned of the news, the scaffold upon which they were hung upon was long gone…and so was the memory of this tragic event up until its 100th anniversay in 2017.
Today, 100 years later, there are those who question the respect of those who protest the National Anthem. They claim it is disrespectful to our troops and yet they forget how disrespected our troops were by the parents and grandparents of those crying foul now. Remind these people of this country's long history of mistreatment and injustice of Black servicemen, and Black people in general, and how despite their sacrifices they made for this country, they were still treated worst than second-class citizens. Please remind your favorite rapper of this as he attempts to negotiate social justice initiatives with the same people who said "we can't have the inmates running the prison"… unless you make them the overseer. Hey Stephen!
On this day, we remember those who history forgot. Though difficult to relive, their stories matter. Salute to them & to all servicemen & women who put their lives on the line to protect the rights, freedoms, & liberties they are often denied. We are forever indebted. Thank you for your service…in spite of Amerikkka✊🏾🖤
Click HERE, HERE, HERE, AND HERE, for more on the 1917 Houston Race Riot at Camp Logan.
A post shared by Black Like Vanilla (@blacklikevanilla) on May 27, 2019 at 11:31am PDT
*There are discrepancies on whether there were 13 or 19 sentenced to death. Based on research, I believe that there were 19 death sentences but only 13 were executed. As with everything, you should conduct your own research to confirm.
24th Infantry, Amerikkka, Black History, Black Servicemen, Black Soldiers, Buffalo Soldiers, Camp Logan, Jim Crow, No Justice Just Us, On This Day, This Is America

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*APR is annual percentage rate. Visa Platinum Rewards Credit Card rates can range from 9.90% - 17.90% APR based on credit qualifications. Visa Platinum Rewards credit card rates and terms are accurate as of 08/26/2018 and are subject to change. Foreign transaction, return payment, statement copy and rush fees may apply. Please reference the JSC FCU Visa Platinum Rewards Credit Card Application for complete card details. For current information, please see a JSC FCU representative at any branch, call us at 281.488.7070, or write to JSC FCU, P.O. Box 58346, Houston, TX 77258. **Points expire four years from the date earned.
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Please register at:https://rewards.jscfcu.org/ to login and track your points.
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For your convenience a dispute form is available on the back of your monthly credit card statement. You may also provide us a letter detailing your dispute or you can download the form off of eBanking.
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The payment is calculated at 3.5% of the daily average balance.
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In order to stop the cash advance interest, your VISA must be paid to zero. On that day the interest stops accruing. For example, if you did a cash advance on the 1st of the month and pay the balance to zero on the 15th of the month, your interest stops accruing. However, on the closing date, which is the 25th of every month, interest will be posted for the 15 days the money was borrowed.
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Your payments should be mailed to: JSC Federal Credit Union P.O. Box 58346, Houston, TX 77258 Or you may make your payment at a branch location or online through eBanking.
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You will need to reapply for a new VISA after 6 months of current payments.
You may print and return VISA Credit Card Application to any of our branch locations or you may apply online.
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We offer only VISA credit cards.
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Once the new card is ordered, the damaged card will not work. When you receive the new card in the mail you must call and activate it.
To activate your new card call the 800-number printed on the sticker on the front of your card. You cannot activate a credit card online.
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To report a lost or stolen VISA credit card, call 866.692.9364. During regular business hours contact the VISA department at 281.488.7070 or 800.940.0708.
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After your order a new card it will arrive between 7 to 10 days.
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Board calls for bonuses for Milford employees
Derek McLean/Daily News staff
Aug 29, 2012 at 12:01 AM Aug 29, 2012 at 7:10 PM
In an effort to provide the same longevity bonuses for non-union town clerks and administrative assistants as their equivalent union-member colleagues, the Personnel Board is proposing an article for the fall Town Meeting that will provide nine employees with longevity bonuses after 10 years of service.
If approved by Town Meeting, the additional benefits could cost the town $15,050 over a five-year period.
The Personnel Board unanimously voted to recommend the article. If passed, the nine non-union town employees will receive an additional $350 after 10 years of service, $450 after 15 years, and $650 after 20 years.
Those positions eligible for the addition benefits include the administrative assistant to town administrator, the town's parking clerk, the assistant town treasurer, the assistant to the police chief, the assistant to the fire chief, the legal assistant, the legal secretary, the Community Development Office program coordinator and the Milford Youth Center assistant director.
Personnel Board Chairman Dennis Carroll said over the next five years, starting in the fiscal year 2013, the added benefits would cost the town $15,050. But he did not know which employers are currently eligible to receive the benefits.
There are currently 20 town employers who are part of the local union Milford Association of Clerical Employees who receive the same benefits, said Town Administrator Louis Celozzi.
Celozzi said that the nine clerical employees are not union members because, "They are in affairs where a high level of confidentiality is required."
Carroll said the benefits would provide an added incentive for the employers to continue employment with the town. "This particular benefit is one of the administrative union's current benefits."
Celozzi said that the town's Library Staff Association, a union that includes all Milford library employees, receives similar longevity bonuses.
Carroll said that Jean DeTore, administrative assistant for the town administrator and Assistant Parking Clerk Liz Fernandes asked the board in the spring to sponsor such an article.
Celozzi said that most non-unionized town employees who are included in Article 2 of the special fall Town Meeting warrant would not be included in the Personnel Board's proposal.
"It's more the clerical people that are in support positions that are equivalent to the unions support positions, administratively that are getting this benefit," Carroll said
The Personnel Board plans to present the article to the Finance Committee prior to the Special Town Meeting on Oct. 22.
"I'm sure there will be some discussion relative to it and it's a question of whether the town feels they want to offer the same benefits to non-union employees as they are offering to the union employees."
Derek McLean can be reached at 508-634-7582 or dmclean@wickedlocal.com.


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engineering universities in germany for international students
Aerospace Engineering in Germany
byLeverage Edu
"To most people, the sky's the limit. For those who love aviation, it is home." Aerospace engineering deals with the science behind spacecraft and aircraft. Aerospace Engineering is a broad category which can be divided into aeronautical engineering and astronautical engineering. Aeronautical engineering deals mostly with the building and application of aircraft while astronautical engineering deals with the utilization of scientific technology to build and operate spacecraft. Known for its esteemed institutions imparting quality education in almost every field of study, Germany is also globally acclaimed for its technical institutes and universities offering a plethora of courses in Engineering and Technology. This blog will take you through the essential features of pursuing Aerospace Engineering in Germany, from top courses and universities to the career scope it entails!
THIS BLOG INCLUDES:
Scope of Aerospace Engineering in Germany
Top Courses & Universities for Aerospace Engineering in Germany
Major Requirements to Study Aerospace Engineering in Germany
Specialization Offered
Career Prospects in Aerospace Engineering
Must Read: Mechanical Engineering in Germany
Studying aerospace engineering in Germany is a good option to consider as the country is rapidly emerging as a prominent centre for research and development in the global aerospace industry. Let's explore this scope of pursuing Aerospace Engineering in Germany in further detail:
The German aerospace industries extensively invest in research and development of aerospace technologies which weighs more than 15% of the total income of the expansion and innovation of the Aerospace Industry. The research in the field of aerospace engineering in Germany is granted billions of euros annually to make advancements in this field.
The renowned technical institutions and universities of Applied Sciences in the country offer a multitude of academic programmes at bachelor's and master's level to those aiming to study aerospace engineering in Germany.
The cost of studying in Germany for Aerospace Engineering courses is also relatively low as compared to other top destinations with the public universities in the country providing programmes at no tuition fees.
German is situated at the heart of Europe and a German study visa also allows international students can explore plentiful internship and training opportunities across the continent and gain international exposure while studying their chosen degree in Aerospace Engineering!
Since Aerospace Engineering is a specialised discipline, it is generally offered for at the postgraduate level by the prominent universities in Germany. Further, one can pursue a general BEng or BTech degree and further move towards gaining a postgraduate specialisation in Aerospace Engineering by opting for this subject at the master's level. Take a look at some of the major courses and top universities for Aerospace Engineering in Germany:
University Aerospace Engineering Courses
Baden-Wuerttemberg Cooperative State University BEng in Aeronautical and
Aerospace Engineering – Aeronautical and Aerospace Systems
Munich University of Applied Science Bachelors in Aerospace Engineering
Technical University of Munich Master's in Aviation
MSc in Aerospace Engineering
MSc in Earth Oriented Space Science & Technology
PFH Private University of Applied Sciences MSc in Composites (Aerospace-Aviation)
International Graduate Center Master of Engineering in
Aeronautical Management
University of Bremen Bachelors in Aerospace Engineering
MSc in Space Engineering
MSc in Space Science & Technology
RWTH Aachen University of Applied Science Bachelors in Aerospace Engineering
TU Berlin Master in Space Engineering
Wildau Institute of Technology (WIT) MA in Aviation Management
University of Stuttgart Bachelors in Aerospace Engineering
Braunschweig University of Technology Master of Science in Aerospace Engineering
University of Hamburg Master of Science in Aircrafts Systems Engineering
Note: Many of the aforementioned programmes for Aerospace Engineering in Germany are usually taught in German and thus candidates are advised to check with the university's official website to explore the key features of their chosen programme.Germany Student VisaMasters in Germany
Though the eligibility criteria mainly differ as per the course and university you have selected to study Aerospace Engineering in Germany, there are some general requirements that you must know about before moving ahead with the application process. Take a look at these basic eligibility requirements for Aerospace Engineering courses in Germany:
Language Proficiency Scores: For German-taught programmes, you will be required to submit exam scores of TestDaF, The Goethe-Zertifikat C2, the Deutsches Sprachdiplom (level II), the Telc Deutsch C1 examination etc. or for English Taught Programmes, applicants need to provide, TOEFL, C1 Advanced or IELTS scores.
GRE Scores (Optional, might be required by some universities)
SOP & LORs
Take a look at our detailed blog on Requirements to Study in Germany for Indian Students!
While studying a master's in Aerospace Engineering in Germany, you might be required to choose from a varied range of specialisations to gain expertise in. Here are some of the major specialisations you can expect during your postgraduate programme in Aerospace Engineering:
Micro Air Vehicles
Small Satellites
Space and Atmospheric Flight Optimal Control
Aircraft and Spacecraft Guidance and Control
Spacecraft and Vehicle Design
Space Mission Design and Planning
Space Environment Modelling
Space Cryogenic Fluids Thermal Management
Optimisation Techniques for Aerospace Techniques
Quick Read: Masters Courses in Germany
After completing your degree in Aerospace Engineering in Germany, your German student resident permit allows you to explore further job opportunities in the country by applying for an extension. There are multifarious career opportunities in Aerospace Engineering whether you want to work in research and development or aspire to opt for technical roles in aircraft and aerospace engineering industries. With different responsibilities to handle in the aerospace industry, let us look at some of the career options you must consider after completing your course in aerospace engineering in Germany:
Spacecraft designers
Inspectors and compliance officer
Commercial Aerospace engineer
Engineering, Science and data processing managers
AST, Flight system safety aerospace engineer
Aerospace engineer recruiters
Want to avail free education in Germany? Check Out Public Universities in Germany!
With the aerospace industry booming, there is a demand for professionals who have the required knowledge making the option to study aerospace engineering in Germany lucrative. We understand the need to choose the right specialization and department before stepping in and we are here to help you make the right choice. Reach out to our Leverage Edu experts and we will help you in finding the best course and university to pursue your Engineering degree in Germany.


They say that the Force that can be named and spoken, is not the eternal Force. The Force is that which cannot be spoken of or fathomed by the human mind. As ancient Tao Masters described it, darkness within darkness. The gate to all mystery.
You may say that this is all new to you. Everything you've learned was completely different from your normal life. But is it really? Is it really new? Or was it already with you? The knowledge of the Force. The depth of all knowledge.
Did you find the Force, or did the Force find you? Its guidance is there from beginning to end, yet is has no beginning. It has no end. But only when the realization is made once again, do you once again become aware of it.
The mystery behind the Force is enough to keep one philosophizing to no end. Instead of seeking for an answer to the mystery, embrace it. Feel the mystery and the incomprehensible nature of the Force.
When you have no answer, you will understand.


The more detailed your Estimate, the more likely it is to be approved in the first go. Here is a field-by-field guide on how you can fill out an Estimate for your client. Here are all the fields that can be filled out on the Estimate.
The fastest way to send an Estimate is by email. Your client can view the Estimate and any attachments by clicking the links in the email. Estimate Web-View lets them review the Estimate and Approve or Reject it with relevant comments. You will receive a notification when that happens.
With Avaza, you can create a Project from an Estimate easily. When you create a Project from an Estimate, each line item is added as a task into the Project, with some additional options based on your requirements.
At times the estimate you have sent a client is invoiced in parts, over time. For each part, a new invoice is created. You can link an Estimate to more than one invoice for your convenience.
Absolutely, you can convert an Estimate into an Invoice in just a few clicks. However, only an estimate with the status "Accepted" can be converted to an invoice.
Your customer can accept or decline estimates via Estimate web-view. Your customer will be able to see both "Approve" and "Reject" buttons on the Web-view.
Absolutely. As an administrator or invoice manager, you will receive an email notification whenever an estimate is approved or rejected. Here is what it looks like. Figure: Example of a Client Approved Estimate Email Confirmation Read more about Working with Estimates in Avaza.


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Chris Jennings (born December 12, 1985) is a former gridiron football running back. He played college football at Arizona and high school football at Fairview High School in Ashland, Kentucky.

He was a member of the Cleveland Browns, Hartford Colonials, New York Jets, Montreal Alouettes and the Toronto Argonauts.

Professional career

Montreal Alouettes
After going undrafted in the 2008 NFL Draft, Jennings drew interest from the Baltimore Ravens and worked out for the Cleveland Browns however, the Browns were not in a position to sign Jennings at the time. Instead, Jennings signed with the Montreal Alouettes of the CFL on June 15, 2008. Jennings was placed on the team's practice squad.

Cleveland Browns
Jennings was signed by the Browns on August 18, 2009. In three preseason games, Jennings ran for 63 yards on 18 carries while catching 7 passes for 69 yards. He was waived by the Browns on September 5 but re-signed to their practice squad two days later. Jennings was promoted to the active roster on October 3 after the team placed James Davis on the injured reserve list.

He made his NFL debut October 4, 2009 for the Browns against the Cincinnati Bengals running for 8 yards on 1 carry. Jennings was primarily used in a reserved role however, he started his first game against Cincinnati on November 29. On December 10, Jennings became the first Browns rookie running back to score a rushing touchdown since Lee Suggs in 2003. It was also the first rushing touchdown by a Browns running back that season. Jennings finished the season having rushed for 220 yards and a touchdown while catching 9 passes for 56 yards.

Jennings was re-signed by the Browns on March 17, 2010 and figured to have a role in the Browns' offense following his positive performance in his rookie season however, he was waived on September 4 as part of the final roster cuts. The Browns decided not to re-sign Jennings, who threatened to seek out other opportunities, despite injuries that plagued running back Peyton Hillis.

Hartford Colonials
Jennings signed with the Hartford Colonials of the UFL on October 21, 2010. Jennings carried the ball only 12 times for 6 yards in his tenure with the Colonials however he was an important contributor to their special teams unit.

New York Jets
Jennings was signed to a future contract by the New York Jets on January 5, 2011. During the Jets' second game of the 2011 preseason he had four carries for 81 yards. He ran 69 yards on one run, which was the longest run from the line of scrimmage by a Jet in the preseason since Curtis Martin ran 80 yards in 1999. He was waived on September 3.

Montreal Alouettes (II)
Jennings returned to the CFL in the second half of the 2012 CFL season after being released by the New York Jets. He played in 7 of the 18 regular season games that year, compiling 318 yards on the ground and 163 through the air. He received 8 rushing attempts in the first 3 games of the 2013 CFL season before being released by the Alouettes on July 15, 2013.

Toronto Argonauts
The Toronto Argonauts of the CFL, signed Jennings on September 25, 2013. He was released by the Argonauts on October 22, 2013.

Personal life
Jennings resides in Chandler, AZ .

Legal
Jennings allegedly assaulted a doorman on April 17, 2010 at a dance club. The following month, Jennings was not charged with assault as the doorman did not sign the complaint.

Jennings was arrested in Guernsey County, Ohio, on September 5, 2011, for driving 147 MPH, in a 65 MPH zone.

References

External links
Arizona Wildcats bio
Cleveland Browns bio

1985 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Ashland, Kentucky
Players of American football from West Virginia
American players of Canadian football
Canadian football running backs
American football running backs
Arizona Western Matadors football players
Arizona Wildcats football players
Montreal Alouettes players
Cleveland Browns players
New York Jets players
People from Yuma, Arizona

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Home|Gillespie Approach–Craniosacral Fascial Therapy Videos|CHARGE Syndrome Child Improves with Gillespie Approach–Craniosacral Fascial Therapy
Gillespie Approach–Craniosacral Fascial Therapy Videos
CHARGE Syndrome Child Improves with Gillespie Approach–Craniosacral Fascial Therapy
Dr. Barry Gillespie April 3, 2019
Dr. Barry Gillespie and his Gillespie Approach–Craniosacral Fascial Therapy treatments saved my daughter's life. She was born naturally at home and slept and nursed peacefully for the first three days, and then everything changed.
She began to scream, and she screamed for 12 to 14 hours a day every day. She would turn purple and sweaty, gag and spit up. She arched her back and kept her hands in perpetual fists. She had terrible difficulty breastfeeding and needed to eat every 15 minutes followed by gas pains and horrible stomach spasms. She needed to be held and padded constantly requiring my husband and I to take turn wrestling with her while she arched and slammed her head into our collar bones until she finally passed out each night.
Even while asleep she squirmed, held her hands in fists, made loud bird-like noises and wore a look of perpetual misery on her face.
Baby Suffers from CHARGE Syndrome, Presenting a Number of Health Challenges
Through all this, we found out that our daughter has a genetic disability called CHARGE syndrome, which is a rare genetic disorder characterized by life-threatening conditions including complex heart defects, breathing problems, eating problems, hearing loss, vision loss and balance issues.
The gravity of dealing with such a prognosis and having to subject our little baby to medical procedures was difficult enough. But nothing compared to the misery that her disposition brought to our everyday lives. We began to feel isolated from everyone, like prisoners in our own home.
At 6 weeks old, when we could no longer survive this way, our midwife referred us to Dr. Barry Gillespie. I called his office immediately, and during our conversation he made me feel that someone finally understood what we were going through. He said: "I can help her. This is what we do."
Baby Begins Treatment with Dr. Barry Gillespie, Creator of Gillespie Approach–Craniosacral Fascial Therapy
During her first treatment, when Dr. Gillespie rested his arms next to her little body, she opened her hand for the first time since she was born and wrapped it around his arm. The results after that first session were nothing short of a miracle.
In the car outside Dr. Gillespie's office, she nursed peacefully for the first time ever and slept quietly for the ride home. Her skin color improved. And when I took her out of the car, she melded to my body, and I felt as if I was holding her for the very first time.
That same day, we saw her first smile. Unfortunately, those magical results lasted only a few days, and that began the roller coaster of CFT therapy. At each session, some of her symptoms lessened and some of them worsened. But Dr. Gillespie was constantly encouraging us to stick with the process and help me learn to trust that my daughter's body did indeed have the capacity to heal itself with a little help.
Most babies require between five and seven sessions to receive full benefit from Gillespie Approach–Craniosacral Fascial Therapy. My baby required 12. It was a long and stressful road, but at that 12th visit, when Dr. Gillespie and his team determined there was no longer any strain left in her little body, everyone in the room jumped up, yelled and hugged in excitement.
Baby Experiences Improvements with Gillespie Approach–Craniosacral Fascial Therapy
From then on, the changes began slowly and subtly. She was nursing better and rarely had the gas bubbles, reflux and constipation. She was no longer purple and sweaty. It took a lot of effort, but she would smile sometimes and was able to nap every once in a while. She could be awake for longer periods of time without crying or nursing, although she still needed someone to hold her or interact with her constantly.
Then after about two weeks, the miracle that I have been too afraid to hope for began to unfold in front of me. I couldn't believe the differences that I was witnessing in my child. It was as if the entire world had suddenly opened up for her, and she couldn't wait to interact with it.
She began taking naps, sleeping well at night, waking up happy, cooing and gently batting at my face. She was nursing calmly and deeply, and then going long periods of time awake and content, even playing by herself.
Suddenly, her hands were no longer fisted and she was reaching out to grab for people and faces and toys. Even though she is significantly visually impaired, her eyes stopped rolling, and she suddenly couldn't get enough visual stimuli. She was locating and tracking lighted toys, paying attention to black and white targets, and even tracking her brother, running across the room.
Her skin tones started to look healthier, and she was happy. She was constantly laughing and smiling and became ticklish in responding to games like peek-a-boo.
Baby Breaks Through with Motor Development After Gillespie Approach–Craniosacral Fascial Therapy Sessions
Her gross motor development blossomed out of nowhere. She started rolling over, pushing up on her elbows and hands, holding her head up in the air. Her body was truly healing itself as she was achieving unimaginable cognitive neurological development that she might have never attained without Gillespie Approach–Craniosacral Fascial Therapy. She was already far surpassing the expectations of those professionals who had judged her potential capabilities only by the diagnosis of charge syndrome.
When she was 5 months old, roughly one month after she completed Gillespie Approach–Craniosacral Fascial Therapy, she had a renal ultrasound to recheck her previously diagnosed condition called hydronephrosis, or dilated kidney. Meeting with the urologist, he said, "I can't explain it exactly, but her hydronephrosis is gone." When she was 6 weeks old, her right kidney had been three times as large as her left, and her ureters had been horribly stretched and twisted. The urologist was certain she would need surgery. After Gillespie Approach–Craniosacral Fascial Therapy, both kidneys are now amazingly the same size, and her ureters were loose and straight.
Today, as we approach our little girl's first birthday, she's a wonderful part of our family and no longer a strain on everyone's well being. We will never know how she would have developed without Gillespie Approach–Craniosacral Fascial Therapy, but she is blossoming and developing far past the expectations placed upon her by the most talented doctors with the fanciest children's hospitals.
We were told she will be profoundly deaf and visually impaired, yet when she makes eye contact with her father, she smiles and says, "Daddy." We were told she may take two to three years to crawl and four to five years to learn to walk. Today, she's creeping upstairs, pulling to sand, scaling around on furniture, and sitting up on her own.
Our family will forever be grateful for the Baby Brain Score and Gillespie Approach–Craniosacral Fascial Therapy in giving us hope that our daughter deserved to be comfortable in her own skin, despite her genetic disabilities. Words can never express our gratitude to Dr. Barry Gillespie and his team for giving our family peace and happiness and providing our daughter a life not defined by her disability.
Babies Baby Brain Score Balance Difficulty Blindness Breathing Difficulty CHARGE Syndrome Cognitive Difficulty Constipation Craniosacral Fascial Strain Eating Difficulty Eyesight Gas Hearing Difficulty Heart Difficulty Hydronephrosis Motor Development Napping Difficulty Nursing Difficulty Reflux Skin Sleep


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You are here: Home City Operator
Top City Operator
This is the Award for operators running services wholly or mainly in our major cities.
Winner, Gold Award, - Brighton & Hove Bus and Coach Company
Brighton & Hove Bus and Coach Company is proud of thinking and acting 'local', being embedded in the community and being in tune with Brighton and Hove's creative energy and green values. The company takes a lead as much as possible with partners in such a way as to encourage residents to get out of their cars and onto buses. Ninety percent of customers are satisfied with its bus services, according to Transport Focus results despite extensive city centre roadworks. Heavy focus on social media means Facebook followers have risen from 1,800 a year ago to 12,000 this year and 15 minute responses are aimed for compared to three days previously. The company enjoys 5% year on year passenger growth.
The judges praised Brighton & Hove for being very good at providing statistics and KPIs to evidence its entry. They also welcomed numerous initiatives on accessibility, and noted that the operator has also had a LEZ in the middle of the city to deal with.
Winner, Silver Award, - Stagecoach Manchester
Stagecoach Manchester takes pride in its investment in staff, services and local community and its involvement in strong local partnerships. In 2014/15 the company carried 104 million passengers - an increase of 1% on the previous year, and has achieved continuous passenger growth for 14 consecutive years. Stagecoach Manchester operated 99.5% of its scheduled services and punctuality was 98.7% in 2014.
The judges commented that Stagecoach Manchester was the shining star of Stagecoach. The judges were impressed by the company's continued passenger growth and levels of investment, noting that the Hazelgrove Park & Ride scheme, in which the company is heavily investing, is the first of its kind for a UK operator.
Winner, Bronze Award, - Go North East
At the heart of Go North East's (GNE) approach lies rigorous staff training, close partnerships with the public and private sector, extensive marketing and customer research and a passion for innovation. The company also prides itself on its strategic marketing output and consistent independent passenger satisfaction scores, reaching 90% in 2014/15. GNE has steadily driven growth in passenger volumes and satisfaction levels in recent years. Refreshing conventional approaches, and the introduction of new technology in its communications, pricing and delivery of services across the region, have challenged established thinking about the way bus service should be run.
Finalist, - National Express West Midlands
National Express West Midlands is proud of transforming its business in the last few years with significant increases in satisfaction, one of Britain's strongest transport partnerships, consistent patronage growth and innovations such as Master Drive which is an accolade for drivers with the best safety records, positive customer feedback and accreditation from the Institute of Advanced Motoring. The company has seen 2% growth on route-branded services and a new bus hit the streets every three days over the past three years and a refurbished bus every two days, helping to increase satisfaction with bus comfort by 6%. New Platinum luxury specificaton buses were introduced on express routes in May 2015 and the company pledged to limit fare rises to below RPI +1%, helping to increase satisfaction with value for money by 12%.
The judges were impressed by the improvements taking place across the company, not least with the upgrades to vehicle quality and felt that the fact that National Express West Midlands called a taxi for people in wheelchairs was worth commending.
This Award is open to operators of registered local bus services based in, or operating wholly or mainly in:
The PTE areas:
Other major cities with populations of over 250,000, with density greater than 15,000 per hectare. These are:
Kingston-upon-Hull
The results were determined on the basis of the quality of the submissions, which need to:
Show how the operator maintains and improves customer relations. For example how it uses:
suggestion and complaint handling procedures
State whether it has policies for specific customer groups, for example recognising disability and diversity
State whether the company resolved any issues by reference to the Bus Appeals Body within the last three years prior to entry. The issues and the outcome need to be described
Provide evidence of the company's employee relations policies, including:
employee development programmes.
Provide statistics on timekeeping and lost mileage
State any Traffic Commissioners' action in the three years prior to entry and describe the company's responses
Provide information to demonstrate the financial sustainability of their activities. This could come, for example, from the most recent audited accounts for the two years prior to nomination and include:
Capital investment: amount per £1,000 turnover; changes in fleet age profile
Commercial performance: % operating profit margin
Movement in reserves.
Demonstrate the company's approach to risk assessment in all its activities including:
a commentary on Health and Safety issues for the past year, supported by reports on any significant incidents,
showing how the company assesses the impact of its activities on staff, passengers and the general public and has monitoring and control measures to reduce risk and the level of the residual risks.
Describe the operator's approach to environmental matters and social responsibility.
Submit evidence on matters such as any partnership working, describe how the company responds to the policies of its local transport authority and how it fosters and contributes to the life of the communities it serves.
Show how the operator contributes to sustaining and expanding the market for public transport in their area, including joint working with local authorities and integration schemes. This should be supported by statistics to confirm patronage and revenue trends, and statistical evidence of modal shift.
Shortlisted entries will be assessed by "mystery travellers" to monitor the standard of service delivery.


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Today, nothing remains of the camp because the British immediately burned down every structure to prevent the further spread of typhus. What is left is a graveyard, "the largest Jewish cemetery in Western Europe," according to Renee Ghert-Zand. She notes that "there are no grave markers or monuments save for a small number of symbolic ones, placed in recent years by family members or memorial foundations to supplement a number of official monuments erected on the site in the late 1940s and early '50s." Nearby, another cemetery was built after liberation as the final resting place for 4,500 Jews and Christians. Most of the graves are umarked, and several of those with grave stones say only, "Here lies an unknown deceased."
The Nazis considered Jews to be the main danger to Germany. Jews were the primary victims of Nazi racism, but other victims included Roma (Gypsies) and people with mental or physical disabilities. The Nazis murdered some 200,000 Roma. And they murdered at least 250,000 mentally or physically disabled patients, mainly German and living in institutions, in the so-called Euthanasia Program.
As of right now though, it's uncertain whether Fiennes will ever get the chance to reprise his role. The only movies exploring the Wizarding World currently are the Fantastic Beasts films, which take place in 1927. Voldemort was born in 1926, so even if there would be a substantial time jump, Fiennes might be too old to play Voldemort. But at least we know that he is dedicated to the character, and that if Voldemort ever did come back, fans could count on him to jump right back into the role.
^ Jump up to: a b Dan Stone (Histories of the Holocaust, 2010): "Europe's Romany (Gypsy) population was also the victim of genocide under the Nazis. Many other population groups, notably Poles, Ukrainians, and Soviet prisoners of war were killed in huge numbers, and smaller groups such as Jehovah's Witnesses, Black Germans, and homosexuals suffered terribly under Nazi rule. The evidence suggests that the Slav nations of Europe were also destined, had Germany won the war, to become victims of systematic mass murder; and even the terrible brutality of the occupation in eastern Europe, especially in Poland, can be understood as genocidal according to the definition put forward by Raphael Lemkin in his major study, Axis Rule in Occupied Europe (1944), the book that introduced the term 'genocide' to our vocabulary. Part of the reason for today's understanding, though, is a correct assessment of the fact that for the Nazis the Jews were regarded in a kind of 'metaphysical' way; they were not just considered as racially inferior (like Romanies), deviants (like homosexuals) or enemy nationals standing in the way of German colonial expression (like Slavs). ... [T]he Jews were to some extent outside of the racial scheme as defined by racial philosophers and anthropologists. They were not mere Untermenschen (sub-humans) ... but were regarded as a Gegenrasse: "a 'counter-race', that is to say, not really human at all. ... 'Holocaust', then, refers to the genocide of the Jews, which by no means excludes an understanding that other groups—notably Romanies and Slavs—were victims of genocide. Indeed ... the murder of the Jews, although a project in its own right, cannot be properly historically situated without understanding the 'Nazi empire' with its grandiose demographic plans."[32]
All the major death camps were behind the "Iron Curtain" and few Americans had even heard of them before the fall of Communism; the six death camps, Auschwitz, Majdanek, Treblinka, Sobibor, Belzec and Chelmno were all located in what is now Poland, and they were controlled by the Communists. For many years in America, Dachau was the name most associated with the Holocaust, not Auschwitz.
In his book From Belsen to Buckingham Palace Paul Oppenheimer tells of the events leading up to the internment of his whole family at the camp and their incarceration there between February 1944 and April 1945, when he was aged 14–15.[3] Following publication of the book, Oppenheimer personally talked to many groups and schools about the events he witnessed. This work is now continued by his brother Rudi, who shared the experiences.[citation needed]
These programmes are best seen as a series of linked genocides, each having its own history, background, purpose and significance in the Nazi scheme of things. The Holocaust was the biggest of the killing programmes and, in certain important ways, different from the others. The Jews figured in Nazi ideology as the arch-enemy of the 'Aryan race', and were targeted not merely for terror and repression but for complete extinction. The Nazis failed in this aim because they ran out of time, but they pursued it fanatically until their defeat in 1945. The Holocaust led to widespread public awareness of genocide and to modern efforts to prevent it, such as the 1948 UN Convention on Genocide.
As the Red Army drew nearer in July 1944, the SS began closing down the easternmost concentration camps and evacuating the remaining prisoners westward to Auschwitz and Gross-Rosen concentration camp. Göth's personal secretary, Mietek Pemper, alerted Schindler to the Nazis' plans to close all factories not directly involved in the war effort, including Schindler's enamelware facility. Pemper suggested to Schindler that production should be switched from cookware to anti-tank grenades in an effort to save the lives of the Jewish workers. Using bribery and his powers of persuasion, Schindler convinced Göth and the officials in Berlin to allow him to move his factory and his workers to Brünnlitz (Czech: Brněnec), in the Sudetenland, thus sparing them from certain death in the gas chambers. Using names provided by Jewish Ghetto Police officer Marcel Goldberg, Pemper compiled and typed the list of 1,200 Jews—1,000 of Schindler's workers and 200 inmates from Julius Madritsch's textiles factory—who were sent to Brünnlitz in October 1944.[62][63][64][65]
1945 Photo by George Rodger: "It wasn't even a matter of what I was photographing, as what had happened to me in the process. When I discovered that I could look at the horror of Belsen --4000 dead and starving lying around-- and think only of a nice photographic composition, I knew something had happened to me and I had to stop. I felt I was like the people running the camp --it didn't mean a thing." George Rodger in "Dialogue with photography", Dewi Lewis Publishing.
The Schindler Ahead BlackBoard is a digital and interactive notice screen. A modern version of the familiar and popular paper notice board, it is where residents get their latest building information, look up contact details or simply place personal messages. Now, with Schindler Ahead BlackBoard, everything is digital, customizable and much more interactive.
Even before the Nazis came to power in Germany in 1933, they had made no secret of their anti-Semitism. As early as 1919 Adolf Hitler had written, "Rational anti-Semitism, however, must lead to systematic legal opposition.…Its final objective must unswervingly be the removal of the Jews altogether." In Mein Kampf ("My Struggle"; 1925–27), Hitler further developed the idea of the Jews as an evil race struggling for world domination. Nazi anti-Semitism was rooted in religious anti-Semitism and enhanced by political anti-Semitism. To this the Nazis added a further dimension: racial anti-Semitism. Nazi racial ideology characterized the Jews as Untermenschen (German: "subhumans"). The Nazis portrayed the Jews as a race and not as a religious group. Religious anti-Semitism could be resolved by conversion, political anti-Semitism by expulsion. Ultimately, the logic of Nazi racial anti-Semitism led to annihilation.
Smith learned that the farm was the "brainchild of the Reichsfuehrer SS, that it was operated by the Institute for the Study of Medicinal and Alimentary Plants, an SS research organization, that German scientists, particularly physicians, botanists, and chemists, supervised the research, that political prisoners who had been scientists in the past were permitted to contribute their talents to the program in return for the privilege of staying alive."
By July 1944, Germany was losing the war; the SS began closing down the easternmost concentration camps and deporting the remaining prisoners westward. Many were killed in Auschwitz and the Gross-Rosen concentration camp. Schindler convinced SS-Hauptsturmführer Amon Göth, commandant of the nearby Kraków-Płaszów concentration camp, to allow him to move his factory to Brněnec in the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia, thus sparing his workers from almost certain death in the gas chambers. Using names provided by Jewish Ghetto Police officer Marcel Goldberg, Göth's secretary Mietek Pemper compiled and typed the list of 1,200 Jews who travelled to Brünnlitz in October 1944. Schindler continued to bribe SS officials to prevent the execution of his workers until the end of World War II in Europe in May 1945, by which time he had spent his entire fortune on bribes and black market purchases of supplies for his workers.
He began by turning his factory into an official subcamp of a newly constructed labor camp at Plazów. For a time, it was a haven for about 500 Jews. Then, in the fall of 1944, the Nazis ordered both camps closed and all workers shipped to Auschwitz, a killing center. Schindler refused to let that happen. He put together a list of 1,100 men, women, and children that he claimed as his workers. He then used his money and influence to transport those workers to a new factory he was building at Brinnlitz, Czechoslovakia. When the Jewish women who worked in his factory were transported to Auschwitz by mistake, he accomplished the impossible: he managed to get the women back by offering Nazi officials a fortune in bribes.
Owing to repeated transports from the front, the camp was constantly overcrowded and the hygiene conditions were beneath human dignity. Starting from the end of 1944 up to the day of liberation, 15,000 people died, about half of all the prisoners held at KZ Dachau. Five hundred Soviet POWs were executed by firing squad. The first shipment of women came from Auschwitz-Birkenau.[40]
On the heels of the 30th anniversary of the classic Bruce Willis action film Die Hard last year, tabletop board game company The OP has announced that John McClane will once again battle his way through Nakatomi Plaza. Die Hard: The Nakatomi Heist is a board game officially licensed by Fox Consumer Products that will drop players into a setting familiar to anyone who has seen the film: As New York cop McClane tries to reconcile with his estranged wife, he must navigate a team of cutthroat thieves set on overtaking a Los Angeles high-rise.
The first Dachau Memorial building was erected in 1960; it is a Catholic chapel in honor of the priests who were imprisoned at Dachau, including Dr. Johannes Neuhäusler, a Bishop from Munich, who was arrested for objecting to the policies of the Nazi government. With Neuhäusler's help, a Carmelite convent was opened in 1964 on the site of the gravel pit just outside the north wall of the camp; the convent has an entrance through one of the guard towers. In the same year, the dilapidated barracks buildings, by now vacated by the refugees, were torn down.
Here, seven decades after the April 1945 liberation of Bergen-Belsen by British troops, LIFE.com presents a series of photographs made at the camp by the great George Rodger (later a founding Magnum member). In an issue of LIFE published a few weeks later, in which several of the pictures in this gallery first appeared, the magazine told its readers of a "barbarism that reaches the low point of human degradation."
As the Allies began to advance on Nazi Germany, the SS began to evacuate the first concentration camps in summer 1944.[30] Thousands of prisoners were killed before the evacuation due to being ill or unable to walk. At the end of 1944, the overcrowding of camps began to take its toll on the prisoners. The unhygienic conditions and the supplies of food rations became disastrous. In November a typhus fever epidemic broke out that took thousands of lives.[30]
In early 1937, the SS, using prisoner labor, initiated construction of a large complex of buildings on the grounds of the original camp. The construction was officially completed in mid-August 1938 and the camp remained essentially unchanged and in operation until 1945. A crematorium that was next to, but not directly accessible from within the camp, was erected in 1942. KZ Dachau was therefore the longest running concentration camp of the Third Reich. The Dachau complex included other SS facilities beside the concentration camp—a leader school of the economic and civil service, the medical school of the SS, etc. The camp at that time was called a "protective custody camp," and occupied less than half of the area of the entire complex.[13]
A British documentary film shows healthy Jewish liberated prisoners lined up, screaming at the top of their lungs at the SS men and women as they go about their macabre task. On the day that the German civilians were brought to the camp, the Jewish women in the camp screamed at them as the Germans were forced to watch the loading of the corpses. Later the Bergen residents were forced to evacuate their homes and former Jewish prisoners moved in; the Germans were ordered to leave all their silverware, china and linens for the use of the former prisoners.
When British tanks reached the camp Mr. Le Drieullenac was having his first meal for five days – grass. In the whole ten days there he had about one pint of soup in a mug which he took from a pile of effects of the dead. There was no water to wash the mug, but he did get one drink by climbing over the dead bodies in the washroom. The grass meal was got when the Germans on the last day moved him with some comrades to better quarters, this apparently being done to make a more favourable impression on the British troops. This motive was also, it would seem, behind the efforts which the Germans forced the prisoners to make to get rid of the bodies in the course of which Mr. Le Drieullenac said, the number of dead buried ran into five figures.
The first such extermination camps were introduced during Operation Reinhardt, which targeted the elimination of the Jewish people within the General Government of Occupied Poland and Ukraine. After the first killing center open at Chelmno, the use of these extermination tactics spread quickly. At the height of deportations, the Birkenau killing center murdered 6,000 Jews a day.
Prof. Dr. Klaus Schilling, a renowned expert on malaria, was persuaded to come out of retirement in order to conduct medical experiments on approximately 1,200 Dachau prisoners in an attempt to find a cure for malaria after German troops began fighting the Allies in North Africa. Hundreds died as a result of Dr. Schilling's experiments, including a few who died from malaria and others who died from other diseases after being weakened by malaria. The subjects for the malaria experiments were the Catholic priests in the camp because they were not required to work, and would not be missed in the labor force if they died.
We continued to sing, to laugh, to dream, before the flames of the bonfires. We knew nothing as yet of the three hundred dead, twice the daily average of the last weeks before the liberation. We could not foresee that this figure would go even higher in the months to come and that our captivity was still far from being over. We could not admit that there were some among us who would never leave Dachau alive, as its inexorable law demanded. Dachau was to become in a way the symbol of all Europe, which believed itself freed, but was really only changing masters.
Schindler moved to West Germany after the war, where he was supported by assistance payments from Jewish relief organisations. After receiving a partial reimbursement for his wartime expenses, he moved with his wife, Emilie, to Argentina, where they took up farming. When he went bankrupt in 1958, Schindler left his wife and returned to Germany, where he failed at several business ventures and relied on financial support from Schindlerjuden ("Schindler Jews")—the people whose lives he had saved during the war. He and his wife, Emilie, were named Righteous Among the Nations by the Israeli government in 1993. He died on 9 October 1974 in Hildesheim, Germany, and was buried in Jerusalem on Mount Zion, the only member of the Nazi Party to be honoured in this way.
This mini-series follows each member of the Jewish Family Weiss throughout Hitler's reign in Germany. One by one, the family members suffer the horrible fate of extermination under Anti-Semetic Nazi Law until only one son remains at the end of World War II. A subplot follows the story of Eric Dorf, a young German lawyer with a good heart who is changed into a mass murderer by membership in the S.S. Written by Anthony Hughes
11 of Hitler's deputies were given death sentences, including Goering, the most senior surviving Nazi. However he too committed suicide the night before he was due to hang. Others received prison terms. Albert Speer, Hitler's personal architect, was released in 1966 and spent his remaining years writing about the Nazi regime, donating most of his royalties to Jewish charities. Rudolph Hess committed suicide in prison in 1987. Many Nazis evaded justice altogether and were never tried.
Treatment inside the concentration camps were horrible. Prisoners were given tiny rations of food and forced into physical labor. They often slept more than three to a bed without pillows or blankets, even in the winter months. In many concentration camps, Nazi doctors conducted medical experiments on prisoners against their will, in many cases killing the prisoners in the process.
In 1939, shortly after the war began, the Germans initiated the T4 Program—framed euphemistically as a "euthanasia" program—for the murder of intellectually or physically disabled and emotionally disturbed Germans who by their very existence violated the Nazi ideal of Aryan supremacy. They were termed "life unworthy of life." An economic justification was also employed as these Germans were considered "useless eaters." The Nazis pioneered the use of gas chambers and mass crematoria under this program. The murder of the disabled was the training ground for key personnel who were to later staff the death camps of Aktion Reinhard. The German public protested these murders. The Roman Catholic bishop of Münster, Clemens August, Graf von Galen, preached against them, and the T4 program was formally halted. Nonetheless, the murder and sterilization of these German "Aryans" continued secretly throughout the war.
Dachau was the first and most important camp at which German doctors and scientists set up laboratories using inmates as involuntary guinea pigs for such experiments as determining the effects on human beings of sudden increases and decreases in atmospheric pressure, studying the effects of freezing on warm-blooded creatures, infecting prisoners with malaria and treating them with various drugs with unknown effects, and testing the effects of drinking seawater or going without food or water. Continued throughout World War II, such experiments and the harsh living conditions made Dachau one of the most notorious of camps. After the war, the scientists and doctors from this and other camps were tried at Nürnberg in the "Doctors' Trial"; seven were sentenced to death. (See Nürnberg trials.)
May 16, 1944 - Jews from Hungary arrive at Auschwitz. Eichmann arrives to personally oversee and speed up the extermination process. By May 24, an estimated 100,000 have been gassed. Between May 16 and May 31, the SS report collecting 88 pounds of gold and white metal from the teeth of those gassed. By the end of June, 381,661 persons - half of the Jews in Hungary - arrive at Auschwitz.
Then as a last straw the Allies bombed the electric plant that pumped our water. Loads of food were unable to reach the camp because of the Allied fighters. Then things really got out of hand. During the last six weeks I have been helpless. I did not even have sufficient staff to bury the dead, let alone segregate the sick ... I tried to get medicines and food for the prisoners and I failed. I was swamped. I may have been hated, but I was doing my duty.
Over 4,000 Soviet prisoners of war were murdered by the Dachau commandant's guard at the SS shooting range located two kilometers from the main camp in the years 1942/1943.[33][34][35] These murders were a clear violation of the provisions laid down in the Geneva Convention for prisoners of war. The SS used the cynical term "special treatment" for these criminal executions. The first executions of the Soviet prisoners of war at the Hebertshausen shooting range took place on 25 November 1941.[36]
On November 2, 2014 the heavy metal gate bearing the slogan "Arbeit Macht Frei" (work sets you free) was stolen from the Dachau memorial site under cover of darkness. Security officials who supposedly keep a 24 hour watch on the memorial site believe that the heist was well orchestrated and planned out, and took place between the hours of midnight and 5:30am on Sunday November 2. Estimates place the weight of the gate at at least 250 lbs, so officials believe that multiple people took part in the theft.
After a day's journey, we arrived at Bergen-Belsen. This concentration camp was hopelessly overcrowded and we were not accepted. The right hand no longer knew what the left hand was doing, so we were sent to an adjoining Wehrmacht compound. As the soldiers of the Wehrmacht marched out, we moved in. The confusion was unbelievable; this time it was disorder with German perfection. We were moved into clean barracks, equipped for human beings with excellent bathrooms and clean beds stacked three on top of each other. After all we had experienced in the preceding year, this was sheer luxury. There was no mention of the usual camp rituals, no roll calls and no work, but also no food.


To line up typeset or other graphic material as specified, using a base or vertical line as the reference point.
Any change made by the customer after copy or artwork has been given to the printer. The change could be copy, specifications or both. Also called AA, author alteration and customer alteration. Alterations are considered an additional cost to the customer usually.
A water base coating applied like ink by a printing press to protect and enhance the printing underneath.
All original copy, including text, photos and illustrations, intended for printing. Also called art.
American Standard Code for Information Interchange. A standard format for representing digital information in 8-bit pieces.
Any change made by the customer after copy or artwork has been given to the printer. The change could be copy, specifications or both. AA's are considered an additional cost to the customer usually.
To print the second side of printed sheet. Also, to make a duplicate of a computer file as a precaution against losing the original.
Unnumbered pages located at the back of the book. i.e., order forms, note pages, etc.
(1) Defect in halftone screens or screen tints output by laser printers, imagesetters, or platesetters in which parallel breaks (stair steps) or streaks appear in the dot pattern. (2) Method of packaging printed pieces of paper using rubber or paper bands.
In the United States and Canada, the weight, in pounds, of a ream (500 sheets) of paper cut to the basic size. The word "pound" is abbreviated with the symbol "#." It is important to note that the "basic sheet size" is not the same for all types of paper.
Pattern of vertical lines of varying thickness identifying details of a product, conforming to the Universal Product Code (UPC).
List of publications providing reference material on a particular subject, usually included in the end-matter of a book.
To join pages of a book together by thread, wire, adhesive, or other means; to enclose them in a cover when so specified.
Department within a printing company responsible for collating, folding, trimming, and binding various printing projects.
An image formed (or appearing to be formed) by a rectangular grid of pixels. The computer assigns a value to each pixel, from one bit of information (black or white), to as much as 24 or 30 bits per pixel for full color images. Also used to refer to an image that has a too low resolution or linescreen for the output resolution ("That image looks bitmapped."; line art scanned at 72dpi when it is to be printed at 2540dpi will be very coarsely bitmapped).
Sheet made of rubber that comes against the impression cylinder of a press.
The cylinder via which the inked litho plate transfers the image to the paper. The cylinder is covered with a rubber sheet which prevents wear to the litho plate coming into contact with the paper.
Enlargement, most frequently of a graphic image or photograph.
Also know as Dylux proof. A now outdated proofing process. This term refers to a proof made from the actual printing plates, so-called because of its blue color. Now a high-quality full color proof is provided. Iit is simply referred to as the "Final proof." This is chance to get one more look at a printing job before it goes to the press. See also Final Proof.
Type that appears darker than the next type of the same typeface. Type with a heavier darker appearance. Most typefaces have a bold face.
Folded signatures gathered, but not yet bound.
A general term used to define paper for books, magazines, catalogs, advertising and general printing needs. Book paper is divided into uncoated paper (also called offset paper), coated paper (also called enamel paper, gloss paper and slick paper). Coated paper includes various finishes including dull, matte, and glossy.
Sized finished writing paper of 50gsm or more. Can also be used for printing upon.
(1) A section of text marked off by rules or white space and presented separately from the main text and illustrations. Longer boxed sections in magazines are sometimes referred to as sidebars. (2) A corrugated paper container used to hold product.
Characteristic of paper or ink referring to how much light it reflects.
Large dot preceding text to add emphasis.
Preaddressed card meeting postal regulations for size, caliper, bar coding and prepayment. Also called BRC and reply card.
(coated one side) Cover paper coated on side only; generally used for covers.
(coated two sides) Cover or text paper that has been coated on both sides.
The thickness of sheet of paper or board expressed in microns (millionths of a meter). Normally, paper caliper should not have more than a + or - 5% variance within a sheet. Also the name of the tool used to make the measurement.
Old term used for photographing materials with a camera. Today scanners are used to scan individual pages or covers.
Paper coated with chemicals and dye which will produce copies without carbon paper. Also referred to as NCR paper(No Carbon Required).
Term denoting a book bound with a stiff, or hard, cover. Also called hard back, hard bound or hard covered book.
Native Corel Draw file format. Vector based image file, may also contain embedded bitmap image files. CDR files may be exported, via Corel Draw, into a variety of file formats.
Any letter, numeral, punctuation mark or other alphanumeric symbol.
Copyright-free drawings available for purchase for unlimited reproduction. Clip art illustrations are printed on glossy paper or stored on computer disks. They are ready for placement on mechanicals or pages designed on computer screens.
Acronym for the 4-color process colors: cyan, magenta, yellow & black.
Paper with a coating of clay and other substances that improves reflectivity and ink holdout. Mills produce coated paper appropriate for newsletters in three major categories of surface shine gloss, dull and matte.
To bind using a spiral of continuous wire or plastic looped through holes. Also called Spiral bind.
A representation of what the final printed piece will look like. Also known as a contract proof.
The conversion of a color photograph or drawing into its component spectral colors: cyan, magenta, yellow and black (CMYK), with one screened plate produced per color.
Light faced vertical rule used to separate columns of type.
Color printer producing a wide range of products such as posters, calendars, flyers, books, specialty color items.. Commercial printers usually produce high-end color printing.
(1) In photography, the manner in which an image is arranged and framed to give an overall effect. (2) In typography, the assembly of typographic elements, such as words and paragraphs, into pages ready for printing. (3) In graphic design, the arrangement of type, graphics, and other elements on the page.
Relationship between the lightest (highlight) and darkest (shadow) areas of an image.
(1) For an editor or typesetter, all written material. (2) For a graphic designer or printer, everything to be printed art, photographs and graphics, as well as words.
Person who checks and corrects a manuscript for spelling, grammar, punctuation, inconsistencies, inaccuracies, and conformity to style requirements. Also called line editor.
Ownership of creative work by the writer, photographer or artist who made it or, if work for hire, the organization that paid for it. Copyright protection is for "original works of authorship." The current length of a registered copyright is 70 years past the death of the author. Mennonite Press provides assistance in getting manuscripts copyrighted, although the author may do this by themselves by contacting the US Copyright Office. There is a fee for copyright registration.
Statement of copyright ownership that has the word "copyright" or symbol C, the year of publication, and the name of the copyright owner.
Thick paper that protects a publication and advertises its title.
Phenomenon of middle pages of a folded signature extending slightly beyond outside pages. Also called feathering, outpush, push out and thrust.
made electronically, to compensate for creep.
To eliminate portions of an image or photograph or other original that are not required to be printed. Cropping allows the remaining parts of the image to be enlarged to fill the space so the image is more useful, pleasing, or able to fit the layout.
Lines printed showing the dimensions of the final printed page. These marks are used for final trimming. Also called cut marks and tick marks.
Employee of a printer, who coordinates projects and keeps customers informed. Abbreviated CSR.
One of the four process colors. Can also be known as process blue.
To press an image into paper so it lies below the surface. This differs from embossing which is a raised image.
A device sensitive to the density of light transmitted or reflected by paper or film. Used to check the accuracy, quality, and consistency of output.
A Device for cutting, scoring, stamping, embossing and debossing.
When an ink dot enlarges through absorption on a porous paper. This affects the overall tone of the image as the size of the dot is equivalent to the tone it represents. Also called dot spread and press gain.
Measure of resolution of input devices such as scanners, display devices such as monitors, and output devices such as laser printers, imagesetters and platesetters. Abbreviated DPI. Also called dot pitch.
Dots per square inch, A measure of output resolution in relationship to printers, imagesetters and monitors.
In the printing arena, to drill a hole in printed matter.
Screen tint or rule touching an illustration, box or type to give a three-dimensional shadow effect. Also called flat shadow.
Large capital letter that extends down into the first two or more lines. Used as a design element.
Flat (not glossy) finish or coated paper, slightly smoother than matte. Also called suede finish, velour finish and velvet finish.
A set of blank pages made up in advance to show the size, shape, form and general style of a piece of printing. Also called mock-up.
Black-and-white photograph reproduced using two different colors, each color to emphasize different tonal values in the original photograph.
Printed piece that wraps around a casebound (hard cover) book.
One version of a newsletter, such as the western regional edition.
One part of an image or page. Elements of an image may include subject, background and foreground. Elements of a page may include headlines, body copy and halftones.
A type of halftone screen dot with an elliptical rather than circular shape, which sometimes produces better tonal gradations.
Fixed space equal in size to the chosen point size. It gets its name from the letter M which originally was as wide as the type size.
Dash used in punctuation the length of one em.
A process performed after printing to stamp a raised (or depressed) image into the surface of paper, using engraved metal embossing dies, extreme pressure, and heat. Embossing styles include blind, deboss and foil-embossed. This differs from debossing which is a lowered image.
Fixed space that is half as wide as an em space.
Dash approximately half the width of an em dash.
Encapsulated PostScript, A file format used to transfer PostScript image information from one program to another. The preferred file format for saving images, as it is resolution independent, as opposed to TIFF. A single page PostScript file that contains grayscale or color information and can be imported into many electronic layout and design applications. EPS files cannot be manipulated, and need to be trapped into the parent program.
Also called bid or quote. A price provided to a customer, based on the specifications outlined on the estimate form. It is normally sent prior to entry of an order and prices may change if the order specifications are not the same as the estimate specifications.
The individual performing or creating the "estimate".
Hotmelt glue used on perfect bound books. Hardens when glue is cooled.
once called a "Blueline", "dylux", or "color key" this is now a digitally generated full color proof.
To print a sheet completely with an ink or varnish.
Once popular and now seldom used, it is recommended that all materials be burned to a CD, pin drive or uploaded using FTP.
Type aligning vertically along the left side of the column. Also called left justified and ranged left.
Type aligning vertically along the right side of the column. Also called right justified and ranged right.
An inexpensively produced circular used for promotional distribution.
The process of applying a thin film of colored foil to paper for decorative purposes.
Lines on a printing plate or press sheet indicating where to fold the final product.
Complete assortment of upper- and lowercase characters, numerals, punctuation and other symbols of one typeface.
Refers to inexpensive copies of photos or art used on mechanicals to indicate placement and scaling, but not intended for reproduction. Abbreviated FPO.
Four basic colors of ink (cyan, magenta, yellow, black), also known as CMYK, which reproduce full color photographs or art.
Pages preceding the text of the book. Sometimes unnumbered or Roman numerals.
An oversize page where both sides fold into the gutter in overlapping layers. Used to accommodate maps into books.
Operation of inserting the printed pages, sections or signatures of a book in the correct order for binding.
To group several printing jobs on the same sheet and accomplish a number of tasks with one print run.
Graphics Interchange Format almost always used for web images and rarely appropriate for printing.
Paper with a coating that reflects light well, as compared to dull- or matte-coated paper. Also called art paper, enamel paper and slick paper.
Photography term for a print made on glossy paper.
Typefaces with no serifs and broad even strokes.
Appearance of a photograph or halftone that has been enlarged so much that the pattern of pixels can be seen in the photo.
Professional who designs, plans and may coordinate production of a printed piece.
Range of luminance values for evaluating shading through white to black. Also, a term used when referring to a black and white photograph.
Central blank area between left and right pages.
Term referring to very thin line. The thinnest rule that can be printed. Hairline rules do not print well. Half-point rules are strongly recommended.
Thinnest of the strokes in a typeface.
Photograph or illustration that has been converted into dots for reproduction.
Another term for casebound book.
A proof that is output to paper.
Proof on paper or other substrate, as compared to a soft proof.
Information, such as page number or chapter title, that appears at the top of every page of a book.
Spot or imperfection in printing, most visible in areas of heavy ink coverage, caused by dirt on the plate or blanket. Also called bull's eye and fish eye.
Paper kept in stock by a printer and suitable for a wide variety of printing jobs.
Type, illustration or other original as it has been reproduced on computer screen, film, printing plate or paper.
Abbreviation for International Standard Serial Number issue. A number assigned to a published work and usually found either on the title page or the back of the title page.
Form used by printers to specify production schedule of a job and the materials it needs. Also called docket, production order and work order.
Joint Photographic Experts Group is a joint committee that created the JPEG. A file format for photos it is typically used because of its ability to compress files. (It creates a smaller file than a TIFF file and it is used mainly on the Internet.) Printers prefer TIFF over Jpeg files.
Alignment of text along a margin or both margins. This is achieved by adjusting the spacing between the words and characters as necessary so that each line of text finishes at the same point.
A thin border around a picture or box indicating where to place pictures. In digital files, the keylines are often vector objects while photographs are usually bitmapped images. Also called holding lines.
1024 bytes, a binary 1,000.
A printing technique that prints overlapping objects without mixing inks. The ink or the underlined element does not print (knocks out) in the area where the objects overlap. Opposite of overprinting.
A thin transparent plastic sheet (coating) applied to usually a thick stock (covers, post cards, etc.) providing protection against liquid and heavy use, and usually accents existing color, providing a glossy or matte finish.
Local Area Network. A group of connected computers in a relatively small area that share access to printers and other peripheral devices.
Work in which the width used is greater than the height. Also used to indicate the orientation of tables or illustrations which are printed 'sideways'. See also Portrait.
Sample of the original providing (showing) position of printed work (direction, instructions) needed and desired.
Space between lines of type expressed as the distance between baselines. Pronounced "ledding" because the term originated with strips of metal (lead) used to separate lines of hot type. Also called interline spacing and line spacing.
Descriptive matter printed below an illustration, mostly referred to as a cutline or caption. Also an explanation of signs or symbols used in timetables or maps.
Referring to type having sufficient contrast with its background so readers can easily perceive thecharacters, as compared to readable.
Two folds creating three panels that allow a sheet of letterhead to fit a business envelop. Also called barrel fold and wrap-around fold.
In North America, 8 1/2" x 11" sheets. In Europe, A4 sheets.
Relief printing process in which a raised image is inked to produce an impression; the impression is then transferred by placing paper against image and applying pressure. Most letterpresses now days are used for die-cutting.
Amount of space between all characters. Also called character spacing.
Any copy that is solid black with no gradation in tone and is suitable for reproduction without using a halftone screen. Also called line art.
Magnifying glass designed for checking the dot image of a halftone.
Linear measure of screen ruling expressing how many lines of dots there are per inch in a screen tint, halftone or separation. Abbreviated lpi. Fewer lines per inch are often used for printing on newsprint or low quality paper.
Abbreviation for Library of Congress control number. The Library of Congress is the largest library in the world. Having your book in the Library of Congress makes it available to anyone for research or whatever motive they might have. Having your book in the Library of Congress is optional. Mennonite Press can obtain the LOC number as your agent at no additional cost to you. Registration with the LOC is necessary before printing in order to have the number printed in your book. If your book is already formatted, please leave a line on the copyright page "Library of Congress Control Number:".
Short for logotype. A word or combination of letters set as a single unit. Also used to denote a specially styled company name designed as part of a corporate image.
- Method of binding which allows the insertion and removal of pages for continuous updating.
Small letters in a font of type.
Magnetized ink that can be read both by humans and by electronic machines. Used in check printing.
Original written or typewritten work of an author submitted for publication.
Non printing areas of page.
Flat (not glossy) finish on photographic paper or coated printing paper, or lamination.
Printing inks which produce an effect of gold, silver, bronze or metallic colors.
Paper ordered directly from the manufacturer. This can sometimes cause delays in delivery as the Mill makes this paper as ordered.
Undesirable pattern resulting when halftones and screen tints are made with improperly aligned screens, or when a pattern in a photo, such as a plaid, interfaces with a halftone dot pattern. This also can happen when scanning a picture that has been printed before.
The process of correcting the color settings of a monitor to match selected colors of printed output. This usually requires additional software.
A black and white display with no gray tones.
Printed with a single ink, black or any color.
Single image formed from the assembling of several images.
Paper color such as cream or ivory.
Low quality, absorbent paper used for printing newspapers. Paper made from mainly groundwood pulp and small amounts of chemical pulp; (inexpensive and uncoated).
Uncoated stock, available in several surface finishes.
Printing technique that transfer ink from a plate to a blanket to paper instead of directly from a plate to paper.
Specific lightweight type (kind) of paper usually used in the past for air mail. Seldom used today (in the typewriter era).
The degree to which a paper will allow the characters, printed on it, "to show through" to the other side.
Copies printed in excess of the specified quantity. Overage policy varies in the printing industry. Check with printer for there policy.
One side of a sheet or leaf of paper. One sheet of paper equals two-pages.
Total number of pages including cover pages.
Initial output to proofing printer. The best stage for identifying and correcting mistakes, typos and other problems.
Paper covered book also called perfect bound, paperback or softcover.
Type symbol used to denote the start of a paragraph.
A method of folding; For example, two parallel folds will produce six pages out of a sheet of paper.
Portable Document Format, a universal file format developed by Adobe that preserves all the fonts, formatting, graphics and color of any source document. It allows a file to be read through the use of Acrobat Reader regardless of the hardware or software platform on which the file was created.
(adhesive binding) An inexpensive bookbinding technique in which the pages are glued rather than sewn, to the cover and used primarily for paperbacks, small manuals, phone books, etc.
Printing press which prints both sides of the paper at one pass through the machine.
Effect of ink being too tacky and lifting fibers out of the paper. Shows up as small white dots on areas of solid color.
Particles that absorb and reflect light and appear colored to our eyes; the substance that gives ink its color.
Small holes (unwanted) in printed areas caused by a variety of reasons.
The smallest distinct unit of a bitmapped image displayed on a screen.
Obsolete reference to PANTONE's Matching System. The correct trade name of the colors in the PANTONE Matching System is PANTONE Colors, not PMS Colors.
Portable Network Graphics - 1st cousin to the .gif and also used mostly for web graphics.
(1) In measuring a paper's caliper, one point equals a 1/1000 or .001 of an inch. Example: 10 pt card = .010" (2) In typography, it is the smallest unit of measurement used principally for designating type size, one point approximating 1/72 of an inch and 12 points equaling one pica.
Hotmelt glue used on perfect bound books. Hardens with exposure to moisture in paper and atmosphere.
Upright image or page where the height is greater than the width.
Page description language developed by Adobe Systems Inc. Widely supported by both hardware and software vendors it represents the current "standard" in the market.
Functions performed prior to printing. Also called preparation.
(1) Amount of time that one printing job spends on press, including time required for make-ready. (2) Time of day at which a printing job goes on press.
Standard set of signs and symbols used in copy preparation and to indicate corrections on proofs. Marks are placed both in the text and in the margin with a line connecting them.
(1) Person or organization that coordinates creation, design, production and distribution of newsletters. (2) Chief executive officer or owner of a publishing company.
In printing, the process of taking random samples during the run to check the consistency of quality.
Printing using small sheetfed presses, called duplicators, or digital presses using cut sizes of bond and offset paper.
Type whose line beginnings/endings are not aligned vertically.
The process of converting mathematical and digital information (vector commands) into a series of dots by an output device.
A process wherein a raster scan technique assembles an electronic page in a bitmapped format on a pixel by pixel basis. Most RIPs operate on PostScript.
Characteristic of printed messages that are easy to read and understand, as compared to legible.
New paper made entirely or in part from old paper. Used paper is cooked in chemicals and reduced back to pulp after it is de-inked.
Cross-hair lines on plates that help keep printing colors in register. Also called crossmarks and position marks.
To create a halftone of an image that is already printed as a half-tone; for example, rescreening a photo appearing in a magazine for reprinting in a newsletter. When not done properly, rescreening yields a moire'.
Sharpness of an image on film, paper, computer screen, or other medium.
A means of altering artwork or color separations to correct faults or enhance the image.
Type, graphic or illustration reproduced by printing ink around its outline, thus allowing the underlying color or paper to show through and form the image. Also called knockout and liftout. The image "reverses out" of the ink color.
Raster Image File Format is the default format of Fractal Design's ColorStudio program. In most cases, you would not use the RIFF format in a page layout program.
Abbreviation for Red, Green, Blue. The colors of projected light from a computer monitor. All full-color artwork should be submitted as CMYK to the printer.
Electronic digitizing device using light sensitivity to translate a picture or typed text into a format which can be understood and stored by a computer.
Paper incorporating special features (dyes, watermarks etc) for use on cheques.
Printing press which takes paper previously cut into sheets, as opposed to paper in a continuous roll.
Allowance, made during assembly of pages before printing, to compensate for creep. Creep is the problem; shingling is the solution. Also called stair stepping and progressive margins.
Brand named of printer. Another name for Final proof.
Printed sheet folded at least once, possibly many times, to become part of a book, magazine or other publication. Also known a section.
(1) Compound mixed with paper or fabric to make it stiffer and less able to absorb moisture. (2) Dimensions of printed piece.
A platform support made of wood used to ship materials, usually in boxes which have been wrapped to the skid.
The most level finish offered on offset paper.
Inks using vegetable oils instead of petroleum products as pigment vehicles, thus being easier on the environment.
Complete and precisely written description of features of a printing job, such as type size and leading, paper grade and quantity, printing quality or binding method. Abbreviated specs. Specifications can include the following: type specs define typeface, size, line measure, indentations, headlines, and other features of typography. Printing specs concentrate on press work, such as quantities, ink colors and dot gains, but often include prepress, paper and finishing. Finishing specs tell folding requirements and trim size.
The back or binding edge of a publication connecting the two covers; also called backbone.
Any premixed ink that is not one of, or a combination of, the four process color inks.
Varnish applied to portions of a sheet, as compared to flood varnish.
(1) Two pages that face each other and are designed as one visual or production unit. (2) Technique of slightly enlarging the size of an image to accomplish a hairline trap with another image.
Phrase in a nameplate that amplifies or supplements information in the newsletter name.
A file format for bitmap images containing grayscale or color information. Printers prefer this over Jpeg files.
A guide for page and cover layouts.
Specifics of an order for printing that a printer and a customer make part of their contract.
A trimming device with 3-knives, two parallel and one right angle, which trims three sides at once.
Small rough sketch of a design.
Page at the beginning of a book, usually a right-handed page, stating the title, author and publisher.
(1) To print one ink over another or to print a coating, such as varnish, over an ink. The first liquid traps the second liquid. (2) Prepress technique which allows for variation in registration during the press run. This is done primarily by allowing an overlap between abutting colors.
Liquid laminate applied to covers after they are printed.
Costs of a printing job that change depending on how many pieces are produced, as compared to fixed costs. Costs for paper, printing and binding are examples of variable costs.
Small area or room that is set up for proper viewing of press sheets. Also called color booth.
Decorative design or illustration in which the background fades gradually away until it blends into the unprinted paper.
Characteristic of printing where ink appears light or a photograph appear faded.
Unusable paper or paper damaged during normal makeready, printing or bindery operations, as compared to spoilage.
(1) Degree of boldness or thickness of a letter or font. (2) Thickness of paper.
Continuous double series of wire loops run through punched slots along the binding edge of a book.
Method of printing where pages are imposed in one plate. One side is then printed and the sheet is then turned over from side to side and printed from the other edge using the same plate. The finished sheet is then cut to produce two complete copies.
Method of printing where pages are again imposed together. The sheet is then printed on one side with the sheet being turned or tumbled from head to tail to print the opposite side.
Finely textured paper without visible wire marks.
Compress and group one or more files into one single file or folder. This is useful in reducing file size when transferring files over the Internet.


Sorry I missed a Monday comic. I've been retardedly busy recently and was both too busy and sick to get enough motivation to draw a Monday comic. I took labor day off. Dry those tears….it's Wednesday and there's a new comic!!
Side note: spell check wants to fix retardedly to "retarder"….which is how I imagine Rachel Ray would use retardedly.
Posted on September 7, 2011 at 7:00 am in gentlemansbeardmonthly. Follow responses to this post with the comments feed. You can leave a comment.


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