text:
Vechec – wieś (obec) na Słowacji położona w kraju preszowskim, w powiecie Vranov nad Topľou. Pierwsze wzmianki o miejscowości pochodzą z 1402 roku.

Według danych z dnia 31 grudnia 2012 roku, wieś zamieszkiwało 2765 osób, w tym 1389 kobiet i 1376 mężczyzn.

W 2001 roku rozkład populacji względem narodowości i przynależności etnicznej wyglądał następująco:
 Słowacy – 85,63%
 Czesi – 0,09%
 Romowie – 13,9%
 Węgrzy – 0,05%

Ze względu na wyznawaną religię struktura mieszkańców kształtowała się w 2001 roku następująco:
 Katolicy rzymscy – 67,73%
 Grekokatolicy – 13,61%
 Ewangelicy – 0,94%
 Ateiści – 13,9%
 Nie podano – 3,67%

Przypisy

Miejscowości w powiecie Vranov nad Topľou

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


,we manufacture extruder screw barrel, injection screw barrel, parallel twin screw barrel, conical twin screw barrel, rubber screw barrel, bimetallic screw barrel,PVC Screws Barrels and other various types of screw barrel. At present, Qunying SCREW have a professional design experienced production team. We are located in east of Zhoushan city, zhejiang province, close to Shanghai, Ningbo port.


text:
The first time it was suggested to me that I stop trying to think up a solution to the situation I was trying desperately to solve, to figure it all out, it sounded a lovely idea. But truth be told, I had no idea how to put this advice into action. Resolution, for me, had always meant understanding what was happening, what it meant, and most of all, knowing what to do about it. Resolution had always involved excessive and obsessive thinking. If I didn't want to live in anxiety and feel utterly unmoored, I had to solve the questions that were still unsolved. I had to think more, not less, about my difficulties. Living peacefully and not having the answers were incompatible; I needed a plan, a way out of the situation not a comfy chair inside it.
But over time, I realized that despite all the thinking humanly possible, there were important questions in my life that I couldn't know and couldn't solve, not yet anyway. This truth was unavoidable and irrefutable. I had to admit and accept that, with all my pseudo-knowing, my proposed and attempted solutions, I was still not any better off. Any knowing I had thought myself into was illusory. The more I tried to know, the more I felt like I didn't know. On the other side of that admission and acceptance however, I found something unexpected…utter relief.
We live in an age of reason and science. We worship information, research, and logic so much that we named our era for it: the age of information. To reason is to think, to use the rational mind, understand, and make sense of our world. Over time, we've put more and more eggs in the reasoning basket, betting on thinking to save the day. The thinking mind is the road to salvation. At this moment in history, we've lost interest and, to some degree, respect, for all the other ways of knowing: bodily, intuitively, experientially, and so forth—all the ways we can know other than through thinking and logic.
When I present material as a public speaker, despite three decades of professional experience with human beings and their thoughts and emotions, I am almost always asked what MRI studies or research I can offer to support my observations on human behavior. Reason and scientific proof have been anointed as our kings. Thinking, we believe, will solve whatever questions and challenges life presents. And, with technology exploding, our faith in and reverence for thinking are only intensifying.
Living in the Question
"The only true wisdom is in knowing we know nothing," said Socrates. A lot has changed in the 2,500 years since Socrates uttered those words. Our society now seems to disagree with the great philosopher on the issue of knowing. Here, in the 21st century AD, we believe that we should and can know everything. Our unceasing need to know the answers along with our unwillingness to accept the unknown sit at the root of our excessive thinking, and our anxiety.
Mystery, in our society, is not a real thing…it's a flaky or woowoo thing. Not knowing the answer is not an acceptable answer. We're taught from the time we're born that knowing is good—we are good, worthy, if we have the answers. "You should know better" is what we hear when we're young and have done something wrong. We feel shame and inadequacy when we don't have the answers: It makes us feel weak and defective, vulnerable and lost. Not knowing is a form of failure.
At the same time, knowing feels safe; it feels like we're in control. With the answers in place, we don't have to face the impermanence that underpins our life, the reality that everything is constantly changing, whether we like it or not. We don't have to feel how out of control we really are as human beings on this mortal and mysterious journey. As a result, we do a lot of faking it, "impostering," when it comes to knowing. Simultaneously, we rush to answers that aren't true or sustainable. We'll do anything, essentially, to not reside in the unknown.
But despite what we're conditioned to believe, life is forever depositing us in situations where we cannot know and don't have access to the answers we want, don't know the way forward, to say nothing of the larger not knowing—what we're all doing here, existing, in the first place. Given the frequency with which the experience of not knowing or at least not yet knowing shows up in life, we would be wise to learn how to inhabit it and, even better, to do so with a sense of acceptance and relaxation rather than judgment and fear.
It may feel unfamiliar, unwise, and even dangerous to sit with a challenging, unresolved situation, to not know what it means, what we need to do about it, or how to get out of it. Uncomfortable though it may be however, it behooves us to learn how to not know, to feel what it's like in the not knowing, and to await more clarity and the arrival of a path through. Living in the question, if we can drop our judgments about it, can become its very own place to reside. With practice, we can learn to actually relax with not having the answer.
When we offer ourselves permission to not know, we allow life to reveal what it wants to reveal, in its own time—without forcing it. The questions then, remarkably, become their own destinations. What's more, we find that not knowing is a place that, if we have the courage to trust it, can deliver deeper and wiser solutions, real solutions, paths forward that are more reliable than anything we can mentally muscle our way into knowing.
Surrendering to living in the questions feels like dropping through a trap door. Suddenly we are deposited into the present moment; we have permission to be here, to experience what life is like—now. We have permission to get interested in the experience of this reality and allow the answers to reveal themselves on their own timeline. Just for now, we don't have to do it all ourselves, don't have to push our way through with our mind, as we've been taught. Relaxing into the questions, unexpectedly, allows us to join a larger unfolding, a process bigger than ourselves, and thankfully, one in which we don't have to be responsible for controlling our life at every turn. At last, it isn't up to only us. Living in the questions, no matter how uncomfortable it might feel, is living in the truth, which, once we get the hang of it, contains its own safety and trustworthiness. The safety we experience in the truth, however, is not because we have all the answers or because the truth is comfortable (the usual markers of safety), but rather because the truth is inarguable…because the truth is what is. Surrendering to not knowing means planting our feet in moving ground and accepting that we're in a process without a known outcome and that the process is the destination for now.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Why must my brother and I worry so much?
Why must we put up with this?
Can you tell me that answer?
What would it be like if no one cared?
Where do I qualify as a good person?
Maybe if I rest it will all go away?


text:
Verfasst von Espace d'Art Contemporain Les Thermes+ Résidences d'Artistes am 9. Juli 2019 3. Dezember 2020
2020 Artists in Residency :
Ton Zwerver was the second resident of 2020. He brought a group of works from Holland, installed them in the first week of his stay and showed them to the vernissage guests along with a performance. During the remaining 4 weeks of residency he constantly moved around his works also creating completely new ones, often composed of ¨found¨ every day objects , collected from nearby ¨Brocantes¨. For the finissage partly new installations will be shown to the guests.
Ton Zwerver is an artist living and working in Amsterdam. He was born in 1951. He is married and the father of two daughters. From 1982 to 1987 he studied at the Gerrit Rietveld Akademie and from 1987 to 1989 he was artist in residence at the Rijks akademie van beeldende kunsten in Amsterdam. Since 1989 he has been teaching sculpture at the Gerrit Rietveld Akademie. In sites that reveal stories of occupation and abandonment, he creates installations and produces photographs of them – achieving a remarkable quality of frozen narrative. The best display powerful, albeit obscure, symbolism that often incorporates striking sensuality. Zwerver's works can be found in numerous public and private art collections in the Netherlands and abroad. His photographic art has been exhibited extensively around the world.
Varda Getzow was the first resident artist of the year. Because of covid 19 everything had and has to be rescheduled different times.
"The Story of Elsa and Felix", Varda Getzow, Bourbonne-les-Bains, 2020 (Picture by Daniela Belinga, Bourbonne-Les-Bains 2020)
"Did you forget something?" Varda Getzow, created in 2010, ( in a loop with 2 other videos: "Das Pferd nicht ich"2014, + "Lomsha"2002, shown in Bourbonne-Les-Bains, 2020, picture D.B.)
Her work for the Art Space is called " Le Soleil Brillait, L'Acacia Fleurissait" . Those words are pieces of a poem written by Haim Nahman Bialik, who is considerd the initiator of modern hebrew poetry. The poem was inspired by the 1903 Kishinev pogroms.
Those excerpts of a text by Esther Dischereit describe Vardas way to work well:
Getzow's works seem to be sated, satiated with history; objects appear as identification or proof
of human "nature"; relicts which have become nature, landscapes branded by what has happened, that cannot be placed as belonging here or there without a doubt. Are they "landscapes" or "humanity?" How did it happen that these conditions are intertwined and dealt with archeologically? The work of the artist would then be to free the individual "layers." http://www.getzow.com/review.pdf
Picture by Varda Getzow made in Höxter, Germany 2019:
וְהַשָּׁמַיִם שָׁמוּ " Vehashamayim shamu"
Werke der isralischen Künstlerin Varda Getzow
31. März – 26. Mai 2019. Forum Jacob Pins, Höxter, Germany
2019 Artists in Residency presented in chronological order:
Sithabile Mlotshwa is a visual artist, curator, designer and producer.
https://sithabileinfryslan.wordpress.com
Her project for Bourbonne-les-Bains:
Sithabile, who also participated in the first inaugural exhibition early this year, where she presented her project ¨The Primitive State of Ernest Noirot¨, will begin her two months artist in residency in Bourbonne, where she continues to connect the dots through researching the french part linking to her long term Dutch Golden Age Project. Sithabile is a visual Artist, Artistic Director Collector's Weekend, Executive Director Thamgidi Foundation, Producer & Artistic Director IFAA Art Platform, President IFAA Global, Owner IFAA Contemporary Gallery, Owner 360Strategies, Independent Curator and Designer.
Links to Sithabiles projects: https://www.ifaa-platform.org http://www.thamgidifoundation.org http://www.yango-biennale.org https://ifaabelgium.wordpress.com https://mlotshwa.wordpress.com
Many thanks to her for setting up the website and connecting dots!
Picture of her work by Sithabile Mlotshwa:
Orna Oren Izraeli is a visual artist, curator, producer and professor.
https://www.ornaorenizraeli.com
Her project for Bourbonne-les-Bains will be developed here according to circumstances and material to be found and local people willing to be part of the process, built up on her main theme, being a dialogue between four interrelated generations and the Israeli ambient;  with the changes and transformation that the individual and the culture lived in go through; with the yearning for continuity; and with the forces of life and revival which coexist with fear of loss and annihilation:
Picture of Orna's work by D. Belinga:
The Roots of Heaven
("The Roots of Heaven" is an ecological novel written by Roman Gary. The storyline follows the journey of Morel, who sets out to stop the hunting of elephant herds, and to protect them).
Northeast France, a tiny gem of a town that harbors under its ass, Pardon my French, bubbling underground baths rich with healing waters. The water flows from the corner of every street and path, probably underneath the houses too, and bring with it ancient memories related to the eternal transparent fluid, and myths, goddesses and ideas that have been here since forever and overwhelm the memory while you're busy with everyday activities. Rivers, springs, streams, and brooks rush side by side, meeting and separating again and again beneath the azure sky, flying with the wind mid-August, rinsing thoughts and feelings until they become clear, purging like fragrant white laundry before Saturday. It's quiet and cozy. Green leaves are budding everywhere, soft hills painted with a blend of cobalt blue and yellow are growing sprouts and ferns and tall tall trees that thouch the beyond. Something about growth and change and the right forces and the far and near days that come closer to each other down here. I came for one month and I am drawing little lonely people on old library cards in Hebrew and French, playing with the idea of a cross-cultural encounter. The miniature platform bears the names of writers and books and people who borrowed the books to read. The library book they took home was with them on the chair, on the table, on the armchair, in bed, wherever they read, wherever they lived, wherever they dreamed and fantasized about worlds and stories within the text. To this great little literary space, I add images, portraits that come from the stock on my cellphone. Images of people with constant presence in my life, images of new recent people as well as those who appeared before my eyes for just a moment, here and now in and around this small town. Further in the process, I gather the images into groups on large formats, in order to establish other literary pictorial spaces, attempting with all my might, regardless and despite everything, to connect roots to heaven.
Charles François Duplain is a visual artist, curator, producer and professor.
http://www.charlesfrancoisduplain.com
His projects for Bourbonne in late summer/until end of 2019 and some following years ( when he initiates his associated project at Hotel La Mézelle B.l. B.) will, the first, be about two lieutenants from B. l. B. belonging to Napoleons' army. He found out about them when he was participating in the inaugural expo ¨Departure and Arrrival¨ in spring 2019. The second is finding its form actually.
CHFD is interested in historical characters, fictitious and imaginary. For the first EAC Les Thermes expo he found Ltcol of the 1st Empire, Charles-Nicolas Mercier and Joseph Armand, half pay like the first and resident in Bourbonne at the fall of the Empire. The arrangement proposed by CHFD was a performance linking the author to the natives of the place. Other characters were also summoned for a strange ceremony where spirits of the great men were gathered in the room. The death of some brings others back to life around birth and death dates. The remains of the dinner were there to testify to the manifestation of their presence, just like the hat, the umbrella and the coat of the author. CHFD also wrote an invitation to the event at the last known addresses of both LCol, Mercier and Armand. If the post does not find them or their descents, the letters will be returned to the sender, CHFD, and will be placed on the fireplace in the exporoom.
Picture of Ch.-F. Duplain's work at right and Philippe Queloz work at left by D.Belinga:
Together with Philippe Queloz he also created the in situ work at Hotel La Mézelle B.l.B. LUBI#17:
Ètang de la Mézelle LUBI#17, 2019 (CHFD and PHQU)
Picture by Ch.-F. Duplain:
25 LUBI's inflatables, equidistance 10m, total distance, 250m. LUBI: Familiar designation of the so-called "Lübeck" traffic cone. Explanation: The itinerant project LUBI-503025 continues its development with a 17th stage at the contemporary art space of Les Thermes de Bourbonne-les-Bains, a spa resort in the Grand-Est region located on the borders of Champagne and Burgundy, a few steps from the Vosges. This new stage marks the inauguration of this place of creation and experimentation. Daniela Belinga Agossa, artist and founder of this new space invited Charles François Duplain and Philippe Queloz to design a specific project for the venue. The project Lubi -503025 continues its vocation of marker, revealing a place, an event. For the occasion, the two artists CHFD & PHQ intervene with a seaside and playful proposal: Les Lubis inflatable created specifically for the occasion bearing the coat of arms of Bourbonnes-les-bains. The pieces were designed according to the principle of the buoy, weighted, they are like beacons. They mark a path. The procedure is to put 25 pieces consecutively. The alignment defines a trajectory that changes with the wind.
Picture by D. Belinga:
http://philippequeloz.ch/phq/index.php?page=lubi-17_2
Ans Verdijk is a visual artist, initiator, curator, producer and professor.
Picture of a part of Ans Verdijk's installation by D.Belinga:
http://ansverdijk.com
B. l. B. is known for its natural thermal bath. The warm thermal water rises up from a crack in the rocks about 2000 meters deep under ground. This crack in the earth is like a big wound of the earth. It is a very old wound: already in antiquity people made use of the medicinal water to heal their own illnesses. But also today the town bears the mark of many scars in the form of cracks, holes, peeling paint, twisted metal or missing elements. These are all marks that time has ingrained in them. The artist wants to heal the wounds of Bourbonne-les-Bains with artistic interventions. She interferes with the scars that time inflicted on the city, and puts a new layer of time on top of it, that covers or transforms the original elements. She walks around, searching for artefacts that can be transformed to a new form.
Picture of her work in the studio by Ans Verdijk:
Rona Shahar is a visual artist and adventuress.
https://www.saatchiart.com/artares
Picture of Rona's work by herself:
In her project for Bourbonne-les-Bains she traces the story of old houses, houses that need renovation or are crumbling totally, are left to the mercy of rain, wind and sun.  As supports she uses local material, found in the near surroundings. With her drawings the memory will not fade entirely. Things change, for now it seems like a sad thing, people are leaving, but it is part of nature. There will be plant seeds in the ruins, interference through art creates a magical moment enabling the lifeless to become alive again. Tell the story of a place – however this story reveals itself.
Picture of her work by Rona Shahar:
Pierre Bongiovanni is a visual artist, initiator, curator and producer.
https://www.laurentine.net/auteur/pierre-bongiovanni?lang=fr
Picture of Pierre's work by D. Belinga:
In his project for EAC Les Thermes he concentrates on the relationship between artists / inhabitants / nature. He photographed some of the Bourbonne merchants, as a first action, to invite them to enter this new world of contemporary art. As a second action he asks them to return with old photos of their families to expose those also in the artspace, thus initiating the mixing of the two worlds. In photography / video he is particularly interested in portraits of the people he meets everyday. In his portraits he focuses only on making visible the mystery of beings without revealing it.
Picture of Pierre's work by himself:
Yves Tauvel is a visual artist, initiator, curator, producer and professor
https://www.yvestauvel.ch/expositions
Picture of Yves displaced work by D. Belinga:
In his project for Bourbonne-les-Bains he showed art in public space, called: Parcours – Le Havre – Paris – Sion – Tokyo – Bourbonne-les-Bains, 2019. Material is plated metal. The artist works on the idea of the territory, the geographical space of a place that he visits and will lead him to reflect and make re-discover the viewer a city map through an object, a video , a sculpture. His intervention for the EAC consists of setting up five cut out Vauban Barriers on the Place des Bains in Bourbonne-les-Bains, revealing the re-drawn outline of the cities plan like Le Havre, Paris, Sion, Tokyo and Bourbonne-les-Bains. The viewer can discover through "the objects" his city and wonder about the place where he evolves. There is a certain ambiguity in the artist's work when the form can reveal an abstract "thing" while revealing the idea of the territory, which weaves the link between the social and the place where it lives
Picture of Yves work by himself:
Philippe Queloz is a visual artist, curator and producer.
http://www.philippequeloz.ch/phq/
His projects for Bourbonne-les-Bains:
Together with Charles François Duplain he created the in situ work at Hotel La Mézelle B.l.B. LUBI#17, as described above.
Picture of the LUBIs by Philippe Queloz:
The starting point of his second work inside the EAC was the installation / performance of CHFD entitled Dinner & Invitations: An Oval Table on which the cover is set for 4 people. 4 napkins with rings, oyster shells, glasses and a bottle of vodka, suggest an event, a reception took place. The guests disappeared or were absent as evidenced by the hat and the umbrella suspended from the fireplace and the mantle on the back of one of the chairs. The private, intimate nature of the room that hosts the staging makes it possible to target the interventions in a precise way. The style of the building atmosphere of the room are all elements that contribute to fuel a plausible scenario. The circular shape of the subject of the big photograph (RDN # vinyl) corresponds to the oval shape of the table. A painting in a private space gives some indications on the personality of the owner of the place. The simplicity and austerity of the black disc, while resembling the oval shape of the table is consistent with the other elements that constitute CHFD's room: hat, umbrella and coat. Faced with these elements, slightly set back in a cupboard, a monitor broadcasts a video that shows a luminous disc, held between thumb and index, oscillating, moving slightly on a repetitive sound background. Some guitar notes are looping just like the sequence.
The repetition, short, hypnotic, reinforces the notion of timelessness. A magnifying mirror seeks the reflection of the circular lamp that is nearby. The magnifying effect distorts at times the reflected image, to give the object the appearance of a luminous disc. The brilliance of light then assumes a mysterious, mystical or spiritual dimension. He intervenes in response to the black disk. In the context of a potential narrative, he intervenes as the mind. Like the "shining" of the room, which necessarily influences CHFD's central room.The situation of the monitor placed in the cabinet whose door is half open avoids firstly that the camera as an object produces contemporary technology, interferes in the staging, and on the other hand, its manifestation is subtle but very present (sound and light).The third element is a dichromated gum print made using the principle of the camera obscura. This is a direct exposure through a magnifying glass, a light emission on a receiving medium that records or captures this situation. In this case the workshop window projected or reproduced on a support that is the canvas previously emulsified. The interest lies in the lag between the present moment that emits the luminous flux (daylight) and the notion of timelessness fixed on the canvas. The duration of exposure in this case is a full day and each time the operation is repeated, one or more days are added, focuses on the canvas. The receiver takes care of information and keeps it. It becomes memory.
Picture of Philippes work by D. Belinga:
Vorheriger Beitrag Welcome
Nächster Beitrag Exhibitions


text:
« The Outlandish Knight
Bonny Bunch Of Roses »
http://www.afolksongaday.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/04/11-05-04-Verdant-Braes-of-Skreen.mp3
Jon attributes this as "A song I know from Fay who sings it with Damien Barber. I've been enjoying the version by the McPeake family too."
It seems to be associated with the McPeakes for sure, although this is also known as P Stands For Paddy, T Stands For Thomas, etc and other things besides. It's also one of those somewhat slippery songs whose verses are prone to wander in and out of others, which coupled with its wide spread makes it tricky to pin down. Thankfully Reinhard covers off several of the recordings at Mainly Norfolk and this Mudcat thread tries to get to grips with its origins. You'll note some dissent as to the Irish root and an attempt to suggest symbolism that doesn't really stand up to examination. Irish certainly seems likely given both the Skreen location, with the McPeake lineage also looking sound. I am curious as to what the robbing of a birds nest has to do with anything though, unless simply as a feat of derring-do that proves devotion. Any thoughts? While we're at it, there seems to me to be a strange voyeuristic element that makes you wonder whether the narrator is simply unnoticed by the young couple, or is something slightly more sinister happening. Perhaps I'm being a bit too literal and all that recent gadding off to the woods has got to me.
This entry was posted on Monday, May 4th, 2015 at 12:00 am and is filed under News. You can follow any responses to this entry through the RSS 2.0 feed. You can leave a response, or trackback from your own site.
15 Responses to "The Verdant Braes Of Skreen"
Anthea Rutherford says:
The lady in question's rival being a 'Connaught maid' would certainly argue for Irish as well.
Lovely tune.
I've always assumed the wild bird's nest verse to be a metaphor for intended infidelity – the protagonist boasting that the girl he 'loves best' will take him back anyway. Men. I ask you.
John Biggs says:
This is a most beautiful song, that I heard the MkPeake family sing many years ago in a club session. Also I think Alex Campbell used to sing it. Yes, you can find similarities with the lyrics of other songs, in particular the other MkPeake favourite, Wild Mountain Thyme.
Let us not taint such a beautiful song by labelling the narrator as a Peeping Tom, but rather that he is in fact sitting reflecting on an incident in his own love life that he wishes now had turned out differently. But then I am an incurable romantic !
The symbolism of the wild bird's nest is beyond me, but there is a lot of bird nesting going on in folk music. It is a good thing that it is now illegal.
Jon sings this very well, (Was it recorded in a church ?) and it will certainly be one of my favourites of his 365.
Reinhard says:
As another song says: "At the bottom of the belly lies the cuckoo's nest."
The penny drops!!
Cara Dillon sings 'P Stands For Paddy (Lament For Johnny)' followed by 'The Verdant Braes Of Skreen' on her 'Hill Of Thieves' album, and she is from Dungiven in County Derry.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6QCke-DQSTI&feature=related
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dBGe8FmpEM4&feature=related
There is an expression about 'a bird's nest at your doorstep' meaning to remind you of the past when you were young, so maybe John's romantic memory notion above is not far wrong.
To me though, since this young lady won't have him now, the young man is simply going to go back to his other girlfriend and take his love token of a bird's egg with him. An ordinary bird's egg given as a gift has been around for thousands of years. Even as long ago as the Middle Ages, eggs were painted gaudy colours to give them further meaning as a gift. (Then the chocolate version of the traditional egg was developed, hence Easter eggs.)
Also, to see a bird nest in your dreams symbolises independence, refuge and security. You need something to fall back on, so this young man (rejected by this young lady) falls back on his other admirer. Eggs symbolise not just fertility, but also domestic contentment, though they can also sometimes conversely signify captivity or entrapment. But the cuckoo in the nest symbolises unfaithfulness, or someone whose presence is unwelcome.
Nick Passmore says:
I have accidentally solved my own conundrum: if your iTunes download appears in grey, as opposed to black, with no "GET" toggle, try double-clicking it (in my case, in petulant annoyance..) and it will mysteriously download, complete with picture. Hope that helps anyone else who's been having the same problem as me.
And the Mick Hanley record is Mulligan LUN 005. I think it's available on CD too – has a great flute solo by Matt Molloy in the middle…..
Thank you for that Jane. The mist is starting to clear.
You are welcome, John. I think this young man either left the girl in the song for another, or courted another behind her back, then decided he preferred the first young lady. But the first would another not have him back because she was afraid he'd just leave her again or find another on the side. So he settles for a bird in the hand as opposed to two in the bush… which is what he should have done in the first place… hahahaha!
Apologies, I seem to have another 'another' in the above missen!
Claire O'Connell says:
I have a song book of Irish country songs from 1909 with this song in. Vol 1 where it is contained are mostly Ulster songs and the editor mentions the verse about robbing of the wild bird's nest to show how there are still examples of the 'old Gaelic idiom" penetrating through the verse and coming in touch with the Gaelic imagination, his implication being that much of this kind of imagery was lost as English was thrust on Ireland as the colonizer's language and the old Gaelic words that had originally been sung to many melodies were often lost and forgotten. As to the meaning of the imagery he is unfortunately silent. One for the Gaelic literature experts perhaps. The parts of the song published in the book are referred to as coming from an "old ballad" from County Derry.
Enjoyed hearing the song, and also found many of the comments really interesting. One lives and learns.
Muzza (N.W.Surrey.UK) says:
@Claire………….all this interesting stuff and all an old pleb like me can wonder at is…….where has your comment been stuck since Feb 26th!!!!!!…I wont even mention "Steve's" comment from yesterday ref 'The herring song'…it's all beyond my comfort zone.
Linda only 6.1/2 months to go now. Do you recall the song that we were going to learn so that we could sing along at the Bellowhead concert?
Melllaaa says:
(The scene is witnessed by the story teller)
(A virile lad: dark as the very brown wood and a maiden: whey: ill health, shock or fear
Wan: pale; by Abhann's side = riverside)
(The lad's heart belongs to another and he asks the maiden to be his second choice)
(She refuses his advances and says she will find her own true love and give her love to him – rob a wild bird's nest, etc.)
Whether the robing of a bird's nest is connected to the lad's comment of '…For the wee birds all have come and gone Since I my true love have seen," he said
"Since I my true love have seen"…'
Or whether the maiden is saying she will give her fertility to her own true love!


text:
Q: Unexpected std::ostream output when returning reference to this I must be obviously missing something very basic.
I have a simple class where I perform an "in-place" operation, and then return a reference to this (which allows me to chain different operations). When I print to an std::ostream, I see an unexpected output. The following code will help me explain.
#include<iostream>

struct Container {

  Container(int x, int y, int z)
      : m_data{x, y, z} { }

  int operator()(size_t index) const {
    return m_data[index];
  }

  Container& shift() {
    int tmp = m_data[0];
    m_data[0] = m_data[1];
    m_data[1] = m_data[2];
    m_data[2] = tmp;
    return *this;
  }

  int m_data[3];
};

std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, const Container& c) {
  os<<"["<<c(0)<<", "<<c(1)<<", "<<c(2)<<"]";
  return os;
}

int main() {
  std::cout<<std::endl<<"Behaviour Line-By-Line (works as expected)"<<std::endl;

  Container d(1, 2, 3);

  std::cout<<"Container as built:               "<<d<<std::endl;

  d.shift();
  std::cout<<"Container after first shift:      "<<d<<std::endl;

  d.shift();
  std::cout<<"Container after second shift:     "<<d<<std::endl;

  std::cout<<std::endl<<"Behaviour On The Same Line (not as expected)"<<std::endl;

  Container c(1, 2, 3);

  std::cout<<"Container as built:               "<<c<<std::endl
           <<"Container after first shift:      "<<c.shift()<<std::endl
           <<"Container after second shift:     "<<c.shift()<<std::endl;

  return 0;
}

Compiling (OS X 10.7.4 using GCC 4.8.1) and running:
$ g++ example.cpp -std=c++11 -Wall -Wextra
$ ./a.out

Behaviour Line-By-Line (works as expected)
Container as built:               [1, 2, 3]
Container after first shift:      [2, 3, 1]
Container after second shift:     [3, 1, 2]

Behaviour On The Same Line (not as expected)
Container as built:               [3, 1, 2]
Container after first shift:      [3, 1, 2]
Container after second shift:     [3, 1, 2]

As you can see, the output when I place the modifying operation on the same line as the operator<< seems to buffer (for lack of a better word) the change.
My question is:
Why does this happen, and how can I make the "On The Same Line" behavior match the "Line-By-Line behavior.
Thanks!
Edit:
As per @KeithSmith's recommendation, I modified Container::shift to:
  Container& shift() {
    std::cout<<"shifting... "<<std::flush;
    int tmp = m_data[0];
    m_data[0] = m_data[1];
    m_data[1] = m_data[2];
    m_data[2] = tmp;
    return *this;
  }

and got the output:
Behaviour Line-By-Line (works as expected)
Container as built:               [1, 2, 3]
shifting... Container after first shift:      [2, 3, 1]
shifting... Container after second shift:     [3, 1, 2]

Behaviour On The Same Line (not as expected)
shifting... shifting... Container as built:               [3, 1, 2]
Container after first shift:      [3, 1, 2]
Container after second shift:     [3, 1, 2]

As explained in several answers, the order of the operations is not defined. In the "not as expected" case the shifting occurs before the streaming, but I guess it could happen in any order.
My take-away: be very, very careful when inlining operations with side effects! I guess I should have known this! Sadly I did not!

A: The order in which function arguments are evaluated is not specified. If you expressions have side effects and you depend on their order, you need to make sure you execute things in order. That is, the statements
std::cout<<"Container as built:               "<<c<<std::endl
         <<"Container after first shift:      "<<c.shift()<<std::endl
         <<"Container after second shift:     "<<c.shift()<<std::endl;

can be processed as

*

*first evaluate one of the c.shift()

*second evaluate the other c.shift()

*now it has all objects evaluated and starts outputting them.

It can as well evaluate expressions in a different order. Just the function calls of the shift operators is ordered and, obviously, where it depends on a subexpression the subsexpression needs to be evaluate first.

A: The second cout translates roughly to operator <<(operator <<(operator <<(cout, c), c.shift(), c.shift()) and since the argument evaluation order is unspecified, all the shifts can happen in the beginning.
The ; in the first cout introduce sequence points, which ensure the evaluation order. See e.g. this: Undefined behavior and sequence points for more info on sequence points.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


We understand just how frustrating it can be for young, and even established businesses, to get an effective internet presence these days. If you want a completely professional website that performs great, looks fantastic and makes sense to you and and your business, it can cost a great deal of money. And then there's the time you need to finally get the site right with your designer.
Try The Internet Wings Way!
Well, we don't believe it needs to be that way at all. We want to take away all your fears and introduce a simple, economical and professional way for you to get online in just days. That's why we started Internet Wings. It's all so very easy and we even give you a guarantee that you'll be delighted with our websites or you won't owe us a penny.
Take a look at our professionally designed themes, then choose the one that you love the most. Don't worry about the dummy content. If you like the look and feel of a particular design, but it doesn't match your business title, we'll customise it so it's perfect for you.
It's all so easy! Choose your theme, then simply click the 'Buy' button and pay securely. We will then contact you to discuss your exact requirements. We'll create the website you always dreamed of. Then we'll get it ready for you to take it LIVE! You'll love it.
Once we've added your images, content and created your pages, your website will be handed over to you ready to take it live. We'll also set up your Content Management System so you get full control over everything on YOUR website! Easy. The Internet Wings way.
We specialise in helping professional complementary health practitioners and beauty therapists get their businesses online quickly and with as little fuss as possible. By supporting your sector and with our understanding of your particular needs and requirements, we have built a support system that will lead you effortlessly onto the world wide web and continue to help you to thrive and grow in the future.
They say there is no substitute for experience. We tend to agree. Here at Internet Wings, we understand the Internet and marketing your businesses online far better than most. We've been here since summer 2000 and we have learned a great deal since then. It makes sense therefore to take advantage, and be a continued part, of our success. We will be delighted to help you get going, sustain your presence online and then assist you in maintaining a more powerful and effective presence.
The core of our business is offering standard highest quality website designs that allow you to customise easily, effectively and economically. However, we can also offer you lots of other ways to improve your offering online, from social media page design, to eCommerce integration (allowing you to sell your products and services directly from your website), custom logo design to full email marketing and Google Search Engine Optimisation. All you have to do is ask us now or when the time is right for you. We'll be here for you.
We want you to be delighted with our work and the way we deliver our services. That's why we give you 14 days to decide whether you've made the right decision coming to Internet Wings. We know you'll love the way we do things here, but we want new customers to be assured that we really care about our enduring relationship with you.


Post-seasons my first UK-based job was with Crystal Holidays as Product Manager on their schools programme.
This was before Crystal had been purchased by TUI in 1998 and it was still independent and extremely dynamic. I worked very closely with some of the key figures that had driven the company's success and was lucky enough to receive on-the-job training from Andy Perrin, the marketing director, and Paul Carter, the marketing manager.
I learned a lot in a short space of time at Crystal, but as anyone who has worked in the ski industry will know, the pay is poor. The lure of a company car and a pay-rise took me to a marketing position with another travel company.
Sadly this was not a pleasant experience for either of us, and on 22 December 1998, I was invited to the Ramada Hotel at Heathrow for a breakfast meeting and made redundant.
With a mortgage to pay, it was through necessity that I developed 'Natives' – a community for season workers.
With a loan from my mother and encouragement from my brother, I bought my first PC and taught myself web design.
The Natives.co.uk website went live on April 19 1999.
I sold Natives to the Friday Media Group in 2006, and left to set up Skipedia in 2011.


Are you looking for affordable whole life insurance in Brownsville, MN? We can help you compare the best options. Enter your zip code at the top of the page and browse through Minnesota whole life insurance providers. Comparing quotes is the most effective way to lower your whole insurance premium in Houston county.
One of the easiest ways to get Brownsville, MN whole life insurance quotes is to use any number of the sites online. This will allow you seek out several quotes and see which one suits your specific needs. As you search online you will be able to read about the specific policies the company has available as well as get a free quote. You should seek out at least three quotes in order to find the best rates and plans that are available.
You should look at Brownsville life insurance as early as possible as the cost will be much lower. This will also help at later stages of life when you will not have to budget out for the premiums as they will already be paid off. This money can also be borrowed against as it has already been built up into the policy. This is all the benefits of having a policy early and does not affect the price of the quote.
There are a few things you will want to consider when looking at various life insurance quotes in Brownsville, MN. We hope that this article will allow you to make the best decision when providing for your family after you are gone. It is the last act you can do that will allow them to live the life they have become accustomed to.
Your daily life is the most essential thing there is! This is why it is so essential to defend it by consuming wholesome and dwelling safely and securely. You can also defend the livelihood of people you really like by acquiring existence insurance coverage. With life insurance policy, you can be assured that your family members will not be left in fiscal stress if you pass. Below are suggestions to aid you discover the appropriate existence insurance.
If you have a lifestyle insurance coverage plan that is nicely started, which means you have a growing harmony, you could be in a position to borrow against it to get the funds that you require for a down payment on a property. If you do not want to borrow towards it, you could even cash it out and start off over on it yet again.
Will not purchase a lot more existence insurance policies than you actually require. You want to buy just ample for your family's requirements. Buying too significantly life insurance indicates that you will end up paying a lot a lot more in premiums. Be certain, however, that you do not skimp on your insurance policy and stop up with a coverage that won't provide for your family members.
Estimate your genuine daily life insurance policies needs, and enable the outcome guide how considerably you purchase. It can be fairly costly to over buy any insurance policies, even though obtaining way too minor insurance policy may depart your loved ones users with useless monetary problems. When you make the very best choices about life insurance coverage, you will be far more at simplicity.
When pursuing a broker to give you alternatives for your daily life insurance coverage coverage, you should by no means accept a one-assembly advice. This is since after just one conference, a broker has not analyzed your situation very meticulously and regarded as all options for you. As a result, you need to not acknowledge the offer you and keep on studying on your own.
If you would favor a everlasting life insurance coverage plan but can only manage phrase insurance policies, purchase a convertible plan. At any point during your expression plan, you can decide on to change to permanent existence insurance coverage. This helps keep prices decrease when you are youthful, and as you progress in your career your funds might have a lot more area for long lasting protection. You will not have to take any health care exam to transform, which is crucial if you have created any wellness situations.
When searching into getting lifestyle insurance, there are two individual price teams that are named normal and desired. When you are comparing prices don't blend these up and examine a common policy with a chosen 1. They will expense extremely various and only about 1/3 of the inhabitants get a preferred price! A whole lot of people with no dependents feel that they do not require existence insurance policy. Effectively, a person has to bury you. You have some household or pals someplace, and you probably do not want to burden them fiscally on top of grief. Even if it's a tiny policy, it truly is better than acquiring nothing at all.
Getting life insurance policy is not just for prosperous folks. In fact, it is most likely a lot more critical for those with lower to medium incomes than for those in higher tax brackets. Ultimate bills and dwelling expenses will not likely go absent with the death of a family members member. You need protection to make confident these charges are protected.
Creating a strategy for the future now is so essential! Will not threat leaving your family members a huge economic hassle and/or disaster when you pass. Use the ideas above to aid you or a loved one particular strategy for the long term so everybody can dwell a tiny easier although they are on this earth.


text:
Tävlingarna i gymnastik vid olympiska sommarspelen 2008 ägde rum mellan den 9 och 24 augusti. Rytmisk gymnastik tävlade i Beigongda-hallen, redskapsgymnastik i Nationella inomhusstadion. Det hölls även en uppvisningsgala i Nationella inomhusstadion den 20 augusti.

Medaljtabell

Resultat

Artistisk gymnastik

Herrar

Damer

Rytmisk gymnastik

Trampolin

Se även
OS 2008-sajtens sidor om artistisk gymnastik, rytmisk gymnastik och trampolin.

Referenser

Fotnoter

Webbkällor


IHCOS®, The International Humanistic Coaching Society®, is a non-profit organization created specifically to support the growing number of Humanistic Coaching® professionals worldwide.
Enter your email in order to subscribe to our newsletter.
Connect with us and IHCOS members on Facebook, Twitter, YouTube or LinkedIn.
Visit these pages and contact us.


of Brazil from 02S-06S between 31W-36W.
Monday night. Expect 8 ft seas tonight and on Sunday morning.
Expect 8 to 12 ft seas from Sunday night beyond Monday night.
of the central Bahamas near 26N71W to 23N74W.


text:
Dicerca obscura es una especie de escarabajo del género Dicerca, familia Buprestidae. Fue descrita científicamente por Fabricius en 1781.

Las larvas se encuentran en Diospyros virginiana, en Rhus typhina; los adultos en Carya y robles.

Distribución geográfica
Habita en el centro y este de los Estados Unidos y Canadá.

Referencias

Enlaces externos
 A Checklist of World Buprestoidea. Dicerca Cerambycids Research.

obscura


text:
The Chapecoense Story
Sterling Sellers, Sports Smarty Pants
In the Brazilian city of Chapecó, soccer is a way of life; not unlike many other cities in the largest country in South America. The city of just over 200,000 residents rabidly support the local professional soccer team, Associação Chapecoense de Futebol or Chapecoense for short.
On December third, the "Verdão" (Big Green) secured qualification for next years' Copa Libertadores. This is the highest club competition in South America, and being in the tournament is a great honor for many teams. However, qualification will mean more to Chapecoense than it will to any other club.
To fully understand the gravity of this accomplishment, one must observe the tragedy that occurred on November 28, 2016. Chapecoense had reached the finals of the Copa Sudamericana, another large South American tournament.
The team was on it's way to Medellín, Columbia in order to play the first leg of the final. Seventy-seven people boarded LaMia Flight 2933 that day, but only six people would survive the ensuing carnage. The plane crashed into the Columbian countryside after completely running out of fuel, allowing only three players, one crew member, and two others to escape with their lives.
Sympathizers from across the globe offered their donations and assistance to the club. Even some of soccer's greatest stars offered to come out of retirement in order to help fill the roster, so that the club could continue to compete in the Brazilian first division.
Many other Brazilian teams loaned players to Chapecoense at little to no cost so that they could recover from the disaster. The recovery effort touched the hearts of millions, and proved extremely effective.
As this year's Brazilian Serie A season came to a close, it was Chapecoense who celebrated after defeating Coritiba with a late goal. The celebrations were shared across the whole city of Chapecó. The residents know that the celebrations represent not only a great victory, but also the resolve of a team that endured a seemingly insurmountable tragedy.


text:
Q: Split a column by delimiter and replicate the related rows in R With this data
foo 5 49 10
bar 1,2 22 11

I'd like to split the row by second column, such that the final output gives:
foo 5 49 10
bar 1 22 11
bar 2 22 11

I tried colsplit but not quite there yet:
 lines <- "
      foo 5 49 10
      bar 1,2 22 11"
 con <- textConnection(lines)
 dat<-read.table(con)
 colsplit(t$V2,",",c("F1","F2","F3","F4"))

How this can be done correctly?

A: Assuming your data.frame is called "mydf", you can use concat.split.multiple from my "splitstackshape" package:
install.packages("splitstackshape")
library(splitstackshape)
concat.split.multiple(mydf, "V2", direction = "long")
#    V1 V3 V4 time V2
# 1 foo 49 10    1  5
# 2 bar 22 11    1  1
# 3 foo 49 10    2 NA
# 4 bar 22 11    2  2

You can easily drop the resulting rows where V2 is NA and the "time" variable if you need to.

A: You can try these codes although it is not the smart way:
lines <- "
      foo 5 49 10
      bar 1,2 22 11"
con <- textConnection(lines)
dat<-read.table(con, as.is = TRUE)
library(plyr)
ddply(dat, .(V1), function(df)
    {
        if (length(grep(',', df$V2)) > 0)
        {
            V2 <- strsplit(as.character(df$V2), ',')[[1]]
            df <- df[rep(1, length(V2)),]
            df$V2 <- V2
        }
        df
    })

A: Going from this answer here:
R: Split unbalanced list in data.frame column
temp <- strsplit(as.character(dat$V2),",",fixed=TRUE)
n <- sapply(temp, length)
dat2 <- dat[rep(seq_len(nrow(dat)),times=n),]
dat2$V2 <- unlist(temp)


text:
Lutton lub Sutton St. Nicholas – wieś i civil parish w Anglii, w Lincolnshire, w dystrykcie South Holland. W 2011 civil parish liczyła 1261 mieszkańców. Lutton jest wspomniana w Domesday Book (1086) jako Luctone.

Przypisy

Wsie w hrabstwie Lincolnshire
Civil parishes w hrabstwie Lincolnshire


text:
"The Early Show" 1999 – 2002 Theme
On November 1, 1999 a new morning show debuted on CBS: The Early Show. The name was chosen to reflect that it should be considered a counterpart to the Late Show, like the Today Show is to the Tonight Show. Besides a new name, the program also got a new set of co-hosts, former Today Show co-anchor Bryant Gumbel and CBS News correspondent Jane Clayson, as well as a $30 million street level studio, just like Today and GMA. The theme is composed by Chris Bowman and is called 'Sunrise'. It was pure luck for Bowman that his music was selected to be the show's theme. When he heard that Gumbel was to anchor a new morning show on CBS, he sent in a piece of music that he thought would make a great theme. His one-in-a-million shot paid off. It lasted until 2002 when Bryant Gumbel left The Early Show and the program was revamped. (For the next few years they would use an instrumental version of the song Brand New Day by Sting.)
Chris Bowman - Early Show theme (1999 version) Chris Bowman - Early Show theme (2000 version)
(160 votes, 4.29 out of 5)
« "48 Hours" 1997 – 2002 Theme "Early Today" 1999 – 2004 Theme »


text:
Your search for Shalmali Pal matches 15 pages
issues in oncology
By Shalmali Pal / May 10, 2018 / 2018 American Psychosocial Oncology Society Meeting
Patient Attitude May Play a Part in Fears About Gynecologic Cancer Recurrence
CONCERNS ABOUT how recurrence of gynecologic cancer can affect a person's life, and not simply fear of recurrence alone, play an important role in patient distress and functional impairment, according to a presentation at the 2018 American Psychosocial Oncology Society (APOS) Annual Conference in...
By Shalmali Pal / April 25, 2018 / 2018 American Psychosocial Oncology Society Meeting
Distress Screening: 'Underestimated and Overlooked' by Cancer Specialists
The National Comprehensive Cancer Network® (NCCN®) Distress Thermometer and Problem List for Patients have been around since 1999,1 and in 2015, the American College of Surgeons Commission on Cancer mandated routine distress screening at cancer centers.2 So how successful has the cancer community...
Meeting the Challenges of Providing Long-Term Psychosocial Care for Cancer Survivors
Focusing on the first year after a cancer diagnosis is necessary, but not sufficient, for delivering care to cancer survivors, according to Deborah Mayer, PhD, RN, Director of Cancer Survivorship at the UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill....
By Shalmali Pal / April 10, 2018
Greater Understanding of Family Dynamics May Help Cancer Teams Guide, Support Patients
WHETHER THEY are parents themselves or dealing with their own parents, patients with cancer often look to their health-care team to help guide these relationships, but data on how best to help are lacking, according to two poster presentations at the 2018 American Psychosocial Oncology Society...
By Shalmali Pal / March 25, 2018 / 2018 American Psychosocial Oncology Society Meeting
Impact of Lifestyle Choices on Outcomes in Survivors of Gastrointestinal Cancers
Physical inactivity among adult survivors of gastrointestinal cancers was tied to poor health-related quality of life, according to researchers at the American Psychosocial Oncology Society (APOS) Annual Meeting.1 Also, physical inactivity (Chi-square = 5.605, P = .018) and alcohol use (Chi-square ...
By Shalmali Pal / May 1, 2014
Surgery Plus Radiation Offers Mixed Results in Soft-Tissue Sarcoma
Adjuvant radiation following surgery for soft-tissue sarcomas of the extremities did not lead to a survival benefit and seemed to be associated with some degree of long-term limb complications, according to a presentation at the 2014 Society of Surgical Oncology (SSO) Cancer Symposium in Phoenix.1...
Patients With Thin Melanoma Benefit From Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy
Sentinel node status is "the most powerful predictor" of melanoma-specific survival in patients with thin melanoma, according to a presentation at the 2014 Society of Surgical Oncology (SSO) Cancer Symposium in Phoenix.1 As a result, sentinel lymph node biopsy should be considered in patients with...
By Shalmali Pal / May 15, 2014
Lymphedema Lingers Long After Sentinel Lymph Node Dissection for Early Breast Cancer
Patients with early-stage breast cancer who underwent sentinel lymph node dissection experienced lymphedema with increasing incidence over time, according to a presentation at the 2014 Society of Surgical Oncology (SSO) Cancer Symposium in Phoenix.1 In women who took part in the American College of ...
Survival Analysis of Contralateral Prophylactic Mastectomy Sparks Discussion
Contralateral prophylactic mastectomy improved breast cancer patients' odds of overall survival by 23% compared with single mastectomy alone, according to a retrospective analysis of nearly 170,000 patients in a U.S. database, but surgical breast cancer specialists warned that the data needed to be ...
By Shalmali Pal / June 10, 2014
Randomized Trials vs Meta-analyses: Which Is the Better Bet?
Two surgical oncology experts who squared off in a "Great Debate" at the 2014 Society of Surgical Oncology (SSO) Annual Cancer Symposium in Phoenix. Heidi Nelson, MD, Professor of Surgery at the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota, argued for the superiority of randomized controlled trials in...
Experts Share Keys to a Successful Lung Screening Program
There are currently 172 computed tomography (CT)-based lung screening centers up and running in the United States, according to the Lung Cancer Alliance.1 In a presentation at the American Roentgen Ray Society (ARRS) 2014 Annual Meeting in San Diego, Reginald Munden, MD, DMD, MBA, and Ralph...
Surveillance After Colon Cancer Surgery: Too Much of a Good Thing?
Finding salvageable colon cancer recurrence is akin to finding a needle in a haystack, rendering routine patient surveillance of little value. But finding that needle offers an opportunity for treating recurrent disease early, which makes surveillance worthwhile. These were the opposing views...
Preoperative Breast MRI: Does Higher Sensitivity Equal Better Outcomes?
Breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is superior to more commonly used imaging modalities in preoperative breast cancer staging and should be a key element in routine workup. But despite its high sensitivity for catching cancers, breast MRI still does not deliver maximum value for the patient....
By Shalmali Pal / Tuesday, March 25, 2014 1:29 PM
Patients with early-stage breast cancer who underwent sentinel lymph node dissection experienced lymphedema more frequently than clinically suspected and with increasing incidence over time, according to a presentation at the 2014 Society of Surgical Oncology (SSO) Cancer Symposium in Phoenix...
By Shalmali Pal / Tuesday, March 25, 2014 10:34 AM
Long-Term Follow-up Shows Surgery Plus Radiation Offers Mixed Results in Soft-Tissue Sarcoma
Adjuvant radiation following surgery for soft-tissue sarcoma of the extremities did not lead to a survival benefit and seemed to be associated with some degree of long-term limb complications, according to a presentation at the 2014 Society of Surgical Oncology (SSO) Cancer Symposium in Phoenix...


text:
Catch the stagecoach at Old Sturbridge Village
Chris Bergeron
Running on hay and grain, George King's Belgian draft horses will soon be pulling the environmentally sound Cadillac of 19th century stagecoaches around Old Sturbridge Village, leaving nothing behind but natural emissions.
Starting Saturday, May 24, 1,800-pound Belgian beauties Pete and Dan and their stablemates will pull OSV's new replica Concord coach around the village's historic Common.
"Like Mark Twain once said, a Concord stagecoach gives a ride like a cradle on wheels," said King, a Sutton farmer and logger who manages the village's forests. "It is absolutely a beautiful vehicle that gives a very smooth ride."
Starting at Bullard Tavern, the new stagecoach will give rides around the Common at 10 a.m. Saturday, May 24, and run weekends through mid-June. Beginning in June, it will run daily through October except Aug. 2 and 3 during the Redcoats and Rebels re-enactment and Oct. 27 when the museum is closed.
Now 50, King has been driving horses since his father taught him as a child. The owner of King Farm and Stables, he said it took his horses "a little while" to get used to him driving them while sitting on the coach's raised seat. "It's not that easy to teach someone to drive a stage who hasn't been around horses a lot. You have to have a rapport because each one has its own quirks and personalities. It's not like you're behind the steering wheel," King said.
The horse-drawn stagecoach is the brainchild of Tom Kelleher, curator of historic trades, mills and mechanical arts.
He'd been "pitching the idea" of bringing a stagecoach to Sturbridge for 10 years when a recent government grant provided funds to buy an exact replica of the 1838 model which are now built by Hansen Wheel and Wagon Shop in Letcher, S.D. Kelleher praised the company as "the most prolific and best makers of historic horse-drawn wagons in the country."
"The Concord stagecoach was the most popular, most enduring style in American history. We wanted every detail to be just right," said Kelleher who's worked at OSV since 1984. "I thought having a stagecoach would be a way to improve our programming at the village by giving a taste of the authentic."
Kelleher couldn't name the new coach's cost but estimated 'it was probably as much as a fairly pricey car would cost today."
Like its historical predecessor, the new vehicle will be named the Hartford & Worcester Stagecoach which used to carry passengers from Connecticut to Boston.
Kelleher said the new coach measures 13-1/2 feet long, 6-1/2 feet wide and 8-1/2 feet high. In addition to the coachman, it seats nine passengers on front- and rear-facing leather seats and a forward-facing jump seat, which Kelleher said was more like a bench.
"In those days a gentleman would give up his seat to a lady. Travelers paid the same for a ticket regardless of where they sat," he said.
For Kelleher, the new stagecoach opens a window onto the extensive role of horse-drawn wagons played in the young nation around 1837, the era represented in the village.
"In those days the Concord coach was known as the best. It was solidly built but graceful. It was public transportation but nice public transportation, like taking a cruise ship. It might not have been the royal yacht but it was nice," he said.
To ensure speed and regular service for passengers, freight and mail, Kelleher said fresh teams of horses were available in "stages," about every 10 miles, giving the coaches their popular names. Kelleher said the fastest horse-drawn coaches of the 1830s reached speeds of 10 to 12 miles per hour and could travel over 200 miles a day.
From 1827 to the early 20th century, he said Abbott & Downing Coach Works of Concord, N.H., built its famous coaches with the company's signature suspension system, made from leather straps to provide a smooth ride over New England's bumpy roads.
Regarded as master craftsmen, Abbott & Downing's workers built the stage's frame from oak, hickory and ash, its body panels from poplar and its tires from wood with a strong iron rim for a "tire."
In days of yore, Kelleher said the coach played a key role in some fascinating historical incidents. "In the 1820s, a stagecoach driver named Silas Freeman became exasperated when changing horses and began shouting loudly and striking it. An older passenger began remonstrating with him about his behavior. When Freeman asked his identity, he learned it was President John Quincy Adams," he said.
When driving the coach, Kelleher said King will wear a historically accurate costume including broadfall trousers of cotton or wool, a vest-like westcott and a frock coat in cold weather. Depending on the weather, he'll wear a tall straw hat in the summer and a knit cap in the winter.
"He's not a livery driver for the king," said Kelleher. "He's driving a bus."
THE ESSENTIALS:
Old Sturbridge Village is open 9:30 a.m. to 5 p.m. through Oct. 24.
Admission is $20 for adults; $18 for seniors; $6 for children 3-17. All admissions are good for a second visit within 10 days.
OSV offers a 50 percent discount for active military personnel. Others in the party receive a 20 percent discount. Call in advance for group and school rates.
For more information, call 508-347-3362 or visit www.osv.org.


Start making pop up cards! The Secret Society of Paper Cuts ( SSoPC ) is an imaginary group of people who explore the world while documenting paper craft techniques. Create several unique pop up cards. Learn easily the fundamentals of paper engineering. Make simple to complex pop up paper structures. See and translate simple pop up structures to creative ideas.
This paper craft book includes four How-To projects with templates with other additional free templates printable online.
PDF is printable version of the book.
Zip file contains 7 additional templates to book examples.
Book is 28 pages, full color.
8.5 x 11" magazine format.


Mountain views and room for gardening on this level double lot just 4 blocks from downtown and 3 blocks from Trader Joe's. Keep the charming cottage, or build your dream house, or develop. At least 110 feet of road frontage gives you options.
I am interested in 67 Washington Road, Asheville, NC 28801.


Tincan is a six month pop up restaurant in Soho, which serves the finest tinned seafood from around the world.
The project is a concept from Amanda Levete of AL_A (Amanda Levete Architects); previously the co-founder of Future Systems.
Tincan serves tinned seafood in three categories 'From the Coast' – including sardines, mackerel and tuna, 'Out to Sea' – pilchards, anchovies and squid, and 'Deep Sea', with items such as Sea Urchin.
Tincan serves the tinned seafood cold with fresh bread, salad and wine.
The window display also doubles as a shop, where you can buy the tins to take home, as well as selected olive oil and wine.
The strength of the concept is the quality of the seafood and the beauty of the packaging, whose graphics make them objects of desire.
The simple, architectural black walls and ceiling, and parquet floor act as a sophisticated backdrop for the striking display system. Tincan closes 23rd December 2014 and moves to New York in 2015.
The design incorporates Corian from DuPont, OLED lighting from LG, furniture from Iduna and lighting from Atrium. All design from AL_A and shopfitting from Powells.


Athletic Therapy is a profession that specializes in the prevention and care of musculoskeletal disorders (muscles, bones, joints) especially as they relate to athletics and the pursuit of physical activity. A Certified Athletic Therapist is dedicated to providing services to the active individual that includes the prevention, immediate care, and ongoing rehabilitation of those injuries. A Certified Athletic Therapist utilizes contemporary rehabilitative techniques of exercise prescription, therapeutic modalities, physical reconditioning, and supportive strapping procedures to promote an environment conducive to optimal healing in preparing the individual for safe re-integration into an active lifestyle.
Certified Athletic Therapists spend time working within the community with recreation to elite level athletes. They assist in preventing injuries by completing musculoskeletal and postural evaluation, warm-up, conditioning programs, prophylactic or supportive taping, equipment selection, fitting and repair, and adapting the individual to the activity, environment, and facilities. The immediate care of the athletic injuries by a Certified Athletic Therapist includes injury assessment, basic emergency life support, recognition and management of acute traumatic neurological dysfunction, provision of first aid, preparation for entrance into appropriate health care delivery systems, and utilization of techniques to facilitate a safe return to participation. Additionally, Certified Athletic Therapists are educated to assess and recognize the early signs of a concussion. Commonly, the athletic therapist is the first to diagnose a concussion and remove an athlete from the field of play when appropriate.
There are two major settings in which an athletic therapist works in which includes a clinical and field setting.


text:
About CNPC
CNPC at a Glance Company Profile Our Busineses Technology & Innovation
News Releases Speeches Publications Video online Features
Environment & Society
Environment Safety Health Public Welfare
Service Station Oil Products Chemical Products Oilfield Services Petroleum Equipment
CNPC Worldwide
Our Policy Training & Development Our People Localization and Diversity
12,05, 2019
China–Russia East-Route Natural Gas Pipeline in Operation
The First CNPC and Gazprom's International Forum on Staff's Health held in Beijing
CNPC signs two Cooperation Agreements in Kazakhstan
CNPC is engaged in hydrocarbon exploration and production operations in onshore and offshore areas in China and is authorized to cooperate with foreign oil companies to jointly explore and develop some blocks in China.
CNPC is China's largest oil and gas pipeline contractor and operator. CNPC owns and operates pipeline networks and storage systems covering 29 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions as well as Hong Kong SAR in China.
Operating 26 refineries and petrochemical enterprises mainly sited in northeast and northwest China, CNPC boasts a primary crude processing capacity of over 150 million tons and ethylene productivity of almost 5 million tons per year.
CNPC's marketing activities focus on crude oil and petroleum products, basic petrochemicals, and derivative chemicals. The company has made excellent profits from the trading of crude oil, refined products, natural gas and petrochemicals.
With well-trained service crews equipped with sophisticated and specialty techniques and skills, we provide a series of oilfield services including geophysical prospecting, drilling, well logging, mud logging and downhole operations.
CNPC has proven expertise and experience in oil and gas field surface construction, petroleum and petrochemical engineering, long-distance pipeline construction and marine engineering & construction etc.
Having oil and gas assets and interests in over 30 countries, CNPC is playing a greater role globally as the world's 3rd largest oil company. Our more than 1,000 crews provide oilfield services in 50 countries.
We strive for harmonious relationships between operation and safety, energy and the environment, and corporate and community interests.
We offer crude oil, natural gas, refined products and chemicals for business and customer use. We also provide a full range of oilfield & engineering services and petroleum equipment.
We create a fair, transparent and cooperative working environment for our employees in order to align and harmonize their values with the values of the company.
> CNPC at a Glance
> Our Businesses
> Technology & Innovation
> News Releases
> Video Online
> Features
Address: 9 Dongzhimen North Street, Dongcheng District, Beijing,
P.R. China, 100007
Phone: +86 10 6209 4114 Fax: +86 10 6209 4205
E-mail: admin_eng@cnpc.com.cn
© Copyright 2009-2019 China National Petroleum Corporation | Legal | Privacy Statement


You are here: Home / Is it Time for your Browser to Retire?
Why Should I Care about my Browser?
Better Experience – New browsers have more functionality and display web content more clearly. Just like anyone with glasses needs a check-up, browsers too need to be updated to make sure everything is 20/20.
Help Retire Old Versions – Most developers and companies are leaving the old browsers out to dry where webpages will not display correctly and not even function. Many of the major companies still spend many hours and people to maintain functionality on these old browsers, but when the herd has finally moved it will all be wasted energy.
Are you wondering what you can do about it? Well, it is simple. Check out whatbroswer.org and they will automatically tell you what browser version you are using and provide a link to the top browsers.
We only want the best experience for our customers and we don't want them to get left behind on their browser. If you have any questions, comments, or concerns about this issue please contact us at support@micro4.com.


Our licensed physical therapists can customize an exercise and sports injury prevention program that recognizes the weaknesses of your particular musculoskeletal system, allowing you to recover quickly and stay active. Even, if you have an old injury, it is important to have it evaluated by our physical therapists to prevent long-term damage such as arthritis to your joints. If you have a new or old sports injury like tendonitis, arthritis, a stress fracture, or low back pain, our therapists can design a treatment program to promote wellness and minimize the chance of re-injury. Call Anatomix Physical Therapy today to learn more!


text:
A Congressman Produced the Undercover Tape Joe Biden Never Wants to See the Light of Day
Joe Biden's problems in Afghanistan are not going away any time soon.
In fact, they are about to get a whole lot worse.
And a congressman produced this undercover tape Joe Biden never wanted to see the light of day.
Oklahoma Congressman Markwayne Mullin made waves when he traveled to Afghanistan to try and evacuate Americans deserted by Joe Biden.
In an interview, Congressman Mullin explained that he only left the country as a last resort because of the failures of the Biden administration.
"I want to make it very clear. I wasn't looking to try to get in Afghanistan. … [P]eople started calling me wanting help. And we had been getting friends of mine that were in the service that said 'Can you help our interpreter get out?' – which we had a lot of conversations about that. Then we started getting phone calls from people that had family members or friends that were American citizens," Mullin stated.
Mullin explained that he recorded conversations with a panicked mother of four who was an American citizen trying to flee the country, but that the State Department would not act on her pleas.
"This one young lady and her four kids to which I have recordings of, we were recording as we were walking through because I was on the phone with the State Department for 12 hours trying to get someone from the State Department to come out of the [airport] gate to get her for 12 hours – I have it recorded," Mullin stated.
Mullin described how the woman tried to make her way to the airport gates to make an evacuation flight but a Taliban guard put a gun to her head forcing her to retreat.
"Tell them they're waiting on us. Give them your name. They know you are coming. Five times she approached this guard with the Taliban, the last time they stuck a pistol to her head with her kids there," Mullin added.
Mullin fumed that Joe Biden and his allies lied to the nation when they claimed they evacuated every American that wanted to get out.
"Here we are the United States government and we are negotiating with the Taliban to get American citizens out and then the president of the United States is going to go to the mic and say that every American that wanted out got out? I have a list of 50 that want out that they haven't got out. I have a list of 50 that we have ran out of Kabul and put in safe houses around Afghanistan that I promise you they wanted out," Mullin concluded.
Tags Afghanistan Evacuees Joe Biden Markwayne Mullin Taliban
Joe Biden Trembled at This New Investigation a Top Republican Is Demanding
The Secret Service Just Turned on Joe Biden and You Won't Believe What They Will Release
You Won't Believe the Insane Covid Rule Joe Biden Is Fighting to Put Back
A Shocking Discovery Just Proved Joe Biden Guilty in This Massive Crime


Which Ashton pubs would you recommend these days? My drinking days are way back when.
Does anyone know of any pubs in the town centre that show football on a big screen?
Not been out in Ashton for about 15 years.
Our house in Burbank carries 8-10 hours of football every weekend and mid week games also, on a large screen.


We had an uneventful flight down to Costa Rica yesterday. Once we arrived we picked up a rental SUV and a Garmin GPS with maps of Costa Rica. This morning we went up to our lot in Atenas and using GPS we were able to plot our exact location as follows: Altitude 2300', Latitude 84.27.728 North, Longitude 9.59.275 West. The exact altitude may be a little off, but its as close as we can calculate with the tools we have.
Once the house is constructed we will have a south easterly vista of the surrounding hilltops.
After our visit to Atenas, we took a drive to the Pacific coast to see Playa Jaco. Along the way, we stopped at the Rio Tarcoles to see the crocks.
Playa Jaco turned out to be a big disappointment from the beach it was many years ago. Now it's a dirty little tourist trap with lots of grandious plans to build big hotels, golf courses and condos for the tourist industry.


LIMITED TIME SAVINGS GOING ON NOW … Click Here to Start Saving!
In this course, students will study the Navajo language, an Athabaskan language still widely used among the people of the Navajo Nation in the southwestern United States. Navajo is a tonal language, like Mandarin, and students will practice using rising and falling vowel sounds to communicate meaning. Learners will be exposed to Navajo vowel and consonant sounds, familial relationships, parts of the body, numbers, colors, textures, shapes, sizes, time, days of the week, seasons, months, clothing, food, money, directions, places, nature, plants and animals.
This course meets the requirements for the Chief Manuelito Scholarship.
If you'd like to learn more about this class or provide a copy of the syllabus to your school counselor to ensure you are taking the right course, please fill out the form below to begin the download.


The reviews themselves will vary depending on mood. Some will be a summary of the plot and over all feelings, others will be strewn with random tangents and metaphors.
I will not pull punches, but I will never be outright mean or cruel. If I do not like the book, I will explain why in my review. If you do not agree with this policy, you should not request a review.


Come out to play with InTheStyle's selection of bardot style playsuits. The ultimate one piece that can take you from boozy brunches to the hottest parties. Show a little shoulder with a bardot style, add layered necklaces for an insta-worthy look.


Links and subcategories within the T-Shirts section are provided below.
Unique Military T Shirt Designs and Art for former and present members of the U.S. Armed Forces.
Apparel, Hats, Totes, Mugs and Gifts. Also, a catalog of designs in categories including humor, nature, USA, sports, pirates, offensive, good girls, bad girls, lifestyles, holidays and more.
Big D Design is an amazing site has has more t-shirts than almost any other. Millennium, Surfing, Computer, Humorous.. Custom designs are also available.
A variety of themes, and roadshow dates.
AJ's Tees - T-Shirts, Sweatshirts, Short Sets and gifts.
Beautifully detailed skeleton T-shirts and muscle T-Shirts, drawn by medical illustrator Leslie Arwin, MD.


text:
filter your search All ContentAll JournalsJournal of Cognitive Neuroscience
Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience (7)
Gina R. Kuperberg
A Tale of Two Positivities and the N400: Distinct Neural Signatures Are Evoked by Confirmed and Violated Predictions at Different Levels of Representation
Gina R. Kuperberg, Trevor Brothers, Edward W. Wlotko
Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience (2020) 32 (1): 12–35.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_01465
It has been proposed that hierarchical prediction is a fundamental computational principle underlying neurocognitive processing. Here, we ask whether the brain engages distinct neurocognitive mechanisms in response to inputs that fulfill versus violate strong predictions at different levels of representation during language comprehension. Participants read three-sentence scenarios in which the third sentence constrained for a broad event structure, for example, { Agent caution animate–Patient }. High constraint contexts additionally constrained for a specific event/lexical item, for example, a two-sentence context about a beach, lifeguards, and sharks constrained for the event, { Lifeguards cautioned Swimmers }, and the specific lexical item swimmers . Low constraint contexts did not constrain for any specific event/lexical item. We measured ERPs on critical nouns that fulfilled and/or violated each of these constraints. We found clear, dissociable effects to fulfilled semantic predictions (a reduced N400), to event/lexical prediction violations (an increased late frontal positivity ), and to event structure/animacy prediction violations (an increased late posterior positivity/P600 ). We argue that the late frontal positivity reflects a large change in activity associated with successfully updating the comprehender's current situation model with new unpredicted information. We suggest that the late posterior positivity/P600 is triggered when the comprehender detects a conflict between the input and her model of the communicator and communicative environment. This leads to an initial failure to incorporate the unpredicted input into the situation model, which may be followed by second-pass attempts to make sense of the discourse through reanalysis, repair, or reinterpretation. Together, these findings provide strong evidence that confirmed and violated predictions at different levels of representation manifest as distinct spatiotemporal neural signatures.
Dissociating N400 Effects of Prediction from Association in Single-word Contexts
Ellen F. Lau, Phillip J. Holcomb, Gina R. Kuperberg
Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience (2013) 25 (3): 484–502.
When a word is preceded by a supportive context such as a semantically associated word or a strongly constraining sentence frame, the N400 component of the ERP is reduced in amplitude. An ongoing debate is the degree to which this reduction reflects a passive spread of activation across long-term semantic memory representations as opposed to specific predictions about upcoming input. We addressed this question by embedding semantically associated prime–target pairs within an experimental context that encouraged prediction to a greater or lesser degree. The proportion of related items was used to manipulate the predictive validity of the prime for the target while holding semantic association constant. A semantic category probe detection task was used to encourage semantic processing and to preclude the need for a motor response on the trials of interest. A larger N400 reduction to associated targets was observed in the high than the low relatedness proportion condition, consistent with the hypothesis that predictions about upcoming stimuli make a substantial contribution to the N400 effect. We also observed an earlier priming effect (205–240 msec) in the high-proportion condition, which may reflect facilitation because of form-based prediction. In summary, the results suggest that predictability modulates N400 amplitude to a greater degree than the semantic content of the context.
Establishing Causal Coherence across Sentences: An ERP Study
Gina R. Kuperberg, Martin Paczynski, Tali Ditman
Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience (2011) 23 (5): 1230–1246.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1162/jocn.2010.21452
This study examined neural activity associated with establishing causal relationships across sentences during on-line comprehension. ERPs were measured while participants read and judged the relatedness of three-sentence scenarios in which the final sentence was highly causally related, intermediately related, and causally unrelated to its context. Lexico-semantic co-occurrence was matched across the three conditions using a Latent Semantic Analysis. Critical words in causally unrelated scenarios evoked a larger N400 than words in both highly causally related and intermediately related scenarios, regardless of whether they appeared before or at the sentence-final position. At midline sites, the N400 to intermediately related sentence-final words was attenuated to the same degree as to highly causally related words, but otherwise the N400 to intermediately related words fell in between that evoked by highly causally related and intermediately related words. No modulation of the late positivity/P600 component was observed across conditions. These results indicate that both simple and complex causal inferences can influence the earliest stages of semantically processing an incoming word. Further, they suggest that causal coherence, at the situation level, can influence incremental word-by-word discourse comprehension, even when semantic relationships between individual words are matched.
Electrophysiological Correlates of Complement Coercion
Gina R. Kuperberg, Arim Choi, Neil Cohn, Martin Paczynski, Ray Jackendoff
Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience (2010) 22 (12): 2685–2701.
This study examined the electrophysiological correlates of complement coercion. ERPs were measured as participants read and made acceptability judgments about plausible coerced sentences, plausible noncoerced sentences, and highly implausible animacy-violated sentences ("The journalist began/wrote/astonished the article before his coffee break"). Relative to noncoerced complement nouns, the coerced nouns evoked an N400 effect. This effect was not modulated by the number of possible activities implied by the coerced nouns (e.g., began reading the article; began writing the article) and did not differ either in magnitude or scalp distribution from the N400 effect evoked by the animacy-violated complement nouns. We suggest that the N400 modulation to both coerced and animacy-violated complement nouns reflected different types of mismatches between the semantic restrictions of the verb and the semantic properties of the incoming complement noun. This is consistent with models holding that a verb's semantic argument structure is represented and stored at a distinct level from its syntactic argument structure. Unlike the coerced complement noun, the animacy-violated nouns also evoked a robust P600 effect, which may have been triggered by the judgments of the highly implausible (syntactically determined) meanings of the animacy-violated propositions. No additional ERP effects were seen in the coerced sentences until the sentence-final word that, relative to sentence-final words in the noncoerced sentences, evoked a sustained anteriorly distributed positivity. We suggest that this effect reflected delayed attempts to retrieve the specific event(s) implied by coerced complement nouns.
Neurophysiological Correlates of Comprehending Emotional Meaning in Context
Daphne J. Holt, Spencer K. Lynn, Gina R. Kuperberg
Although the neurocognitive mechanisms of nonaffective language comprehension have been studied extensively, relatively less is known about how the emotional meaning of language is processed. In this study, electrophysiological responses to affectively positive, negative, and neutral words, presented within nonconstraining, neutral contexts, were evaluated under conditions of explicit evaluation of emotional content (Experiment 1) and passive reading (Experiment 2). In both experiments, a widely distributed Late Positivity was found to be larger to negative than to positive words (a "negativity bias"). In addition, in Experiment 2, a small, posterior N400 effect to negative and positive (relative to neutral) words was detected, with no differences found between N400 magnitudes to negative and positive words. Taken together, these results suggest that comprehending the emotional meaning of words following a neutral context requires an initial semantic analysis that is relatively more engaged for emotional than for nonemotional words, whereas a later, more extended, attention-modulated process distinguishes the specific emotional valence (positive vs. negative) of words. Thus, emotional processing networks within the brain appear to exert a continuous influence, evident at several stages, on the construction of the emotional meaning of language.
Two Neurocognitive Mechanisms of Semantic Integration during the Comprehension of Visual Real-world Events
Tatiana Sitnikova, Phillip J. Holcomb, Kristi A. Kiyonaga, Gina R. Kuperberg
How do comprehenders build up overall meaning representations of visual real-world events? This question was examined by recording event-related potentials (ERPs) while participants viewed short, silent movie clips depicting everyday events. In two experiments, it was demonstrated that presentation of the contextually inappropriate information in the movie endings evoked an anterior negativity. This effect was similar to the N400 component whose amplitude has been previously reported to inversely correlate with the strength of semantic relationship between the context and the eliciting stimulus in word and static picture paradigms. However, a second, somewhat later, ERP component—a posterior late positivity—was evoked specifically when target objects presented in the movie endings violated goal-related requirements of the action constrained by the scenario context (e.g., an electric iron that does not have a sharp-enough edge was used in place of a knife in a cutting bread scenario context). These findings suggest that comprehension of the visual real world might be mediated by two neurophysiologically distinct semantic integration mechanisms. The first mechanism, reflected by the anterior N400-like negativity, maps the incoming information onto the connections of various strengths between concepts in semantic memory. The second mechanism, reflected by the posterior late positivity, evaluates the incoming information against the discrete requirements of real-world actions. We suggest that there may be a tradeoff between these mechanisms in their utility for integrating across people, objects, and actions during event comprehension, in which the first mechanism is better suited for familiar situations, and the second mechanism is better suited for novel situations.
Distinct Patterns of Neural Modulation during the Processing of Conceptual and Syntactic Anomalies
Gina R. Kuperberg, Phillip J. Holcomb, Tatiana Sitnikova, Douglas Greve, Anders M. Dale ...
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1162/089892903321208204
The aim of this study was to gain further insights into how the brain distinguishes between meaning and syntax during language comprehension. Participants read and made plausibility judgments on sentences that were plausible, morpho-syntactically anomalous, or pragmatically anomalous. In an event-related potential (ERP) experiment, morphosyntactic and pragmatic violations elicited significant P600 and N400 effects, respectively, replicating previous ERP studies that have established qualitative differences in processing conceptually and syntactic anomalies. Our main focus was a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study in which the same subjects read the same sentences presented in the same pseudorandomized sequence while performing the same task as in the ERP experiment. Rapid-presentation event-related fMRI methods allowed us to estimate the hemodynamic response at successive temporal windows as the sentences unfolded word by word, without assumptions about the shape of the underlying response function. Relative to nonviolated sentences, the pragmatic anomalies were associated with an increased hemodynamic response in left temporal and inferior frontal regions and a decreased response in the right medial parietal cortex. Relative to nonviolated sentences, the morphosyntactic anomalies were associated with an increased response in bilateral medial and lateral parietal regions and a decreased response in left temporal and inferior frontal regions. Thus, overlapping neural networks were modulated in opposite directions to the two types of anomaly. These fMRI findings document both qualitative and quantitative differences in how the brain distinguishes between these two types of anomalies. This suggests that morphosyntactic and pragmatic information can be processed in different ways but by the same neural systems.