text:
Measurement of electroweak production of a W boson and two forward jets in proton-proton collisions at √s = 8 TeV
The CMS collaboration
A measurement is presented of the cross section for the electroweak production of a W boson in association with two jets in proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 8 TeV. The data set was collected with the CMS detector and corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 19.3 fb−1. The measured fiducial cross section for W bosons decaying to electrons or muons and for pTj1> 60 GeV, pTj2> 50 GeV, |ηj| < 4.7, and mjj> 1000 GeV is 0.42 ± 0.04 (stat) ± 0.09 (syst) ± 0.01 (lumi) pb. This result is consistent with the standard model leading-order prediction of 0.50 ± 0.02 (scale) ± 0.02 (PDF) pb obtained with MadGraph5_amc@nlo 2.1 interfaced to pythia 6.4. This is the first cross section measurement for this process.
https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP11(2016)147
Published - 2016 Nov 1
Electroweak interaction
Hadron-Hadron scattering (experiments)
10.1007/JHEP11(2016)147
Dive into the research topics of 'Measurement of electroweak production of a W boson and two forward jets in proton-proton collisions at √s = 8 TeV'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.
bosons Physics & Astronomy 100%
collisions Physics & Astronomy 76%
cross sections Physics & Astronomy 69%
center of mass Physics & Astronomy 37%
muons Physics & Astronomy 35%
luminosity Physics & Astronomy 30%
detectors Physics & Astronomy 21%
The CMS collaboration (2016). Measurement of electroweak production of a W boson and two forward jets in proton-proton collisions at √s = 8 TeV. Journal of High Energy Physics, 2016(11), [147]. https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP11(2016)147
Measurement of electroweak production of a W boson and two forward jets in proton-proton collisions at √s = 8 TeV. / The CMS collaboration.
In: Journal of High Energy Physics, Vol. 2016, No. 11, 147, 01.11.2016.
The CMS collaboration 2016, 'Measurement of electroweak production of a W boson and two forward jets in proton-proton collisions at √s = 8 TeV', Journal of High Energy Physics, vol. 2016, no. 11, 147. https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP11(2016)147
The CMS collaboration. Measurement of electroweak production of a W boson and two forward jets in proton-proton collisions at √s = 8 TeV. Journal of High Energy Physics. 2016 Nov 1;2016(11). 147. https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP11(2016)147
The CMS collaboration. / Measurement of electroweak production of a W boson and two forward jets in proton-proton collisions at √s = 8 TeV. In: Journal of High Energy Physics. 2016 ; Vol. 2016, No. 11.
@article{f0233e8785f74b35ba02fcc3aa8f3ada,
title = "Measurement of electroweak production of a W boson and two forward jets in proton-proton collisions at √s = 8 TeV",
abstract = "A measurement is presented of the cross section for the electroweak production of a W boson in association with two jets in proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 8 TeV. The data set was collected with the CMS detector and corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 19.3 fb−1. The measured fiducial cross section for W bosons decaying to electrons or muons and for pTj1> 60 GeV, pTj2> 50 GeV, |ηj| < 4.7, and mjj> 1000 GeV is 0.42 ± 0.04 (stat) ± 0.09 (syst) ± 0.01 (lumi) pb. This result is consistent with the standard model leading-order prediction of 0.50 ± 0.02 (scale) ± 0.02 (PDF) pb obtained with MadGraph5_amc@nlo 2.1 interfaced to pythia 6.4. This is the first cross section measurement for this process.",
keywords = "Electroweak interaction, Hadron-Hadron scattering (experiments)",
author = "{The CMS collaboration} and V. Khachatryan and Sirunyan, {A. M.} and A. Tumasyan and W. Adam and E. Asilar and T. Bergauer and J. Brandstetter and E. Brondolin and M. Dragicevic and J. Er{\"o} and M. Flechl and M. Friedl and R. Fr{\"u}hwirth and Ghete, {V. M.} and C. Hartl and N. H{\"o}rmann and J. Hrubec and M. Jeitler and V. Kn{\"u}nz and A. K{\"o}nig and M. Krammer and I. Kr{\"a}tschmer and D. Liko and T. Matsushita and I. Mikulec and D. Rabady and N. Rad and B. Rahbaran and H. Rohringer and J. Schieck and R. Sch{\"o}fbeck and J. Strauss and W. Treberer-Treberspurg and W. Waltenberger and Wulz, {C. E.} and V. Mossolov and N. Shumeiko and {Suarez Gonzalez}, J. and S. Alderweireldt and T. Cornelis and {De Wolf}, {E. A.} and X. Janssen and A. Knutsson and J. Lauwers and S. Luyckx and {Van De Klundert}, M. and {Van Haevermaet}, H. and {Van Mechelen}, P. and {Van Remortel}, N. and R. Yonamine",
note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2016, The Author(s).",
doi = "10.1007/JHEP11(2016)147",
journal = "Journal of High Energy Physics",
T1 - Measurement of electroweak production of a W boson and two forward jets in proton-proton collisions at √s = 8 TeV
AU - The CMS collaboration
AU - Khachatryan, V.
AU - Sirunyan, A. M.
AU - Tumasyan, A.
AU - Adam, W.
AU - Asilar, E.
AU - Bergauer, T.
AU - Brandstetter, J.
AU - Brondolin, E.
AU - Dragicevic, M.
AU - Erö, J.
AU - Flechl, M.
AU - Friedl, M.
AU - Frühwirth, R.
AU - Ghete, V. M.
AU - Hartl, C.
AU - Hörmann, N.
AU - Hrubec, J.
AU - Jeitler, M.
AU - Knünz, V.
AU - König, A.
AU - Krammer, M.
AU - Krätschmer, I.
AU - Liko, D.
AU - Matsushita, T.
AU - Mikulec, I.
AU - Rabady, D.
AU - Rad, N.
AU - Rahbaran, B.
AU - Rohringer, H.
AU - Schieck, J.
AU - Schöfbeck, R.
AU - Strauss, J.
AU - Treberer-Treberspurg, W.
AU - Waltenberger, W.
AU - Wulz, C. E.
AU - Mossolov, V.
AU - Shumeiko, N.
AU - Suarez Gonzalez, J.
AU - Alderweireldt, S.
AU - Cornelis, T.
AU - De Wolf, E. A.
AU - Janssen, X.
AU - Knutsson, A.
AU - Lauwers, J.
AU - Luyckx, S.
AU - Van De Klundert, M.
AU - Van Haevermaet, H.
AU - Van Mechelen, P.
AU - Van Remortel, N.
AU - Yonamine, R.
N1 - Publisher Copyright: © 2016, The Author(s).
N2 - A measurement is presented of the cross section for the electroweak production of a W boson in association with two jets in proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 8 TeV. The data set was collected with the CMS detector and corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 19.3 fb−1. The measured fiducial cross section for W bosons decaying to electrons or muons and for pTj1> 60 GeV, pTj2> 50 GeV, |ηj| < 4.7, and mjj> 1000 GeV is 0.42 ± 0.04 (stat) ± 0.09 (syst) ± 0.01 (lumi) pb. This result is consistent with the standard model leading-order prediction of 0.50 ± 0.02 (scale) ± 0.02 (PDF) pb obtained with MadGraph5_amc@nlo 2.1 interfaced to pythia 6.4. This is the first cross section measurement for this process.
AB - A measurement is presented of the cross section for the electroweak production of a W boson in association with two jets in proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 8 TeV. The data set was collected with the CMS detector and corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 19.3 fb−1. The measured fiducial cross section for W bosons decaying to electrons or muons and for pTj1> 60 GeV, pTj2> 50 GeV, |ηj| < 4.7, and mjj> 1000 GeV is 0.42 ± 0.04 (stat) ± 0.09 (syst) ± 0.01 (lumi) pb. This result is consistent with the standard model leading-order prediction of 0.50 ± 0.02 (scale) ± 0.02 (PDF) pb obtained with MadGraph5_amc@nlo 2.1 interfaced to pythia 6.4. This is the first cross section measurement for this process.
KW - Electroweak interaction
KW - Hadron-Hadron scattering (experiments)
U2 - 10.1007/JHEP11(2016)147
DO - 10.1007/JHEP11(2016)147
JO - Journal of High Energy Physics
JF - Journal of High Energy Physics


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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


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HOME ESSAYS Reconstruction or Disfranchisement:
Top-Rated Free Essay
Reconstruction or Disfranchisement:
AH 213 Olds 7
DBQ Essay
After the Civil War, the South's economy was devastated and was filled with angry whites who were frustrated over the emancipation of slavery. They wished to change the social status of African Americans and suppress them once again. The post-war South was in a state of chaos. In hopes to solve this problem, Lincoln established a Reconstruction Plan. Reconstruction was meant to tackle the issues through the re-admittance of southern states into the Union while rebuilding the south's economy, and giving equality to the newly freed African Americans. However, Congress' Reconstruction plan failed due to political disharmony between the Democrats and the Radical Republicans. The Democrats felt superior to African Americans and did not want them to have equal rights while the Radical Republicans wanted to eliminate the power of the former slaveholders, give African Americans full citizenship and the right to vote. Lastly, the plan failed because of the prejudice against blacks by Southern whites. Therefore, instead of the South ensuring the rights to the freedmen; they not only successfully disfranchised them, but placed them in a class based on inferiority and discrimination.
After the death of Abraham Lincoln, Andrew Johnson was faced with the problems that the four million, newly freed slaves had to face. Under Johnson's Reconstruction policy, the Black Codes of 1866 were created which were regulations of freedom for former slaves of the South. These Black Codes granted blacks certain rights such as legalized marriage, but denied them the right to vote or acquire land in some states. The Black Codes varied in each state, and although slavery was ended, it did not mean that African Americans gained complete freedom or equal rights of the white man. The Black Codes were a violation of free labor principles because of the demands they placed on the freed slaves to sign yearly contracts and work for a minimal amount of pay. One reason for the failure of efforts to guarantee freedmen full citizenship rights after the end of slavery is clearly expressed by John McCoy in Document 7. John McCoy was a slave for 27 years and his recollection demonstrates how Johnson's Reconstruction policy caused the North to oppose Johnson for his failure to ensure the emancipation of slavery in the South. John McCoy explains in his interview:
"Freedom wasn't no different I knows of. I works for Marse John just the same for a long time. He says one morning, " John, you can go out in the field iffen you wants to or you can get our iffen you wants to, 'cause the government say you is free. If you wants to work I'll feed you and give you clothes, but you can't pay no money. I ain't gone none."
Humph, I didn't know nothing what money was, nohow, but I knows I'll git plenty victuals to eat, so I stays...."
Although slavery was abolished after the Civil War, for African Americans it was not completely accepted nor a reality for them , due to the continued discrimination against them by most Democrats and the white southerners.
The opposition of most Democrats and moderate Republicans demonstrated the prejudiced view that most Southern whites held against the freedman. Although the Thirteenth Amendment freed the slaves, they did not feel that they should have the equal right to vote the same as whites. A speech given by Pennsylvania Congressman Benjamin Boyer expresses clearly the opposition of Democrats to the bill that Radical Republicans in Congress were trying to pass that would allow African-American men to vote in the District of Columbia. Boyer states:
"It is common for the advocates of negro suffrage to assume that the color of the negro is the main obstacle to his admission to political equality.... But it is not the complexion of the negro that degrades him...[the Negro is] a race by nature inferior in mental caliber...the negroes are not the equals of white Americans, and are not entitled....to participate in the Government of this country..."
Clearly one can see how much the white men felt that Negroes were inferior to them, not because their skin was black but because of their lack of mental capacity which made them unacceptable as equal to the white men. African Americans were forced into slavery in the South, and never were educated. The white men suppressed the African Americans, and kept them as an inferior class. Even so, the white men felt and believed that if blacks were (inherently) less intelligent, they should not be able to have a part in making any decisions pertaining to government matters. The political strain between the parties after the freeing of the slaves, and the beginning of the Reconstruction period caused widespread violence against blacks, as well as violence to the Republican party. Some Democratic politicians and merchants organized a military arm in the South (Tennessee, 1866) known as the Ku Klux Klan, which acted as a terrorist organization against blacks and the Republican leaders. The Ku Klux Klan used violence and intimidation against blacks who had acquired land or taken on a political position in the government. Many African Americans who held a political position were murdered. More than a hundred freed slaves were mercilessly murdered in Louisiana by the Ku Klux Klan during the Reconstruction period. On November 23, 1868, The New York Times report by George Thomas about the activity in Tennessee stated:
"With the close of the last, and the beginning of the new year the State of Tennessee was disturbed by the strange operations of a mysterious organization known as the "Kuklux Klan"....its grand purpose being to establish a nucleus around which " the adherents of the late rebellion might safely rally."
The adherents were the people and states that left the Union, and the Klu Klux Klan was an organization dedicated to the pre-Civil War status quo, keeping blacks as slaves- in bondage and uneducated. Although Congress was trying to make efforts to help the freedmen, the power of the Democratic party weakened its efforts. In 1874, the Democratic victory in Congress gave them more power, which led to the discredit of the Republican Party, and their efforts to grant African Americans equal civil rights . The Document 5 headline and story text from the New York Times, November 5, 1874 read: THE REPUBLICAN DEFEAT Our later telegrams only add to magnitude of the defeat experienced on Tuesday.....In the House [ of Representatives] the Democrats' gains continue to increase in numbers.
Document 5 shows the results of the Democratic victory which ultimately had a detrimental effect on Reconstruction. In addition, Supreme Court cases followed that ignored the 14th Amendment which was written to guarantee federal protection of citizenship. The Slaughterhouse Cases of 1873, failed to protect slaughterhouse workers by not protecting their jobs. In a later case, U.S v. Cruikshank (1876) the court failed to protect and respect the lives of African Americans who were murdered by white men who were anonymously set free by the court. Overall, the Democrats were prejudice and felt that African Americans were inferior which caused them to ignore their civil rights and not allow the Radical Republicans to win in their efforts for equality for all citizens. This Democratic victory eventually led to the bargain between President Hayes and the Democrats in 1876 which was the final stage of Reconstruction. In Document 8, the election of 1876 shows the results of the disputed election that was won by the Republican, Rutherford B. Hayes. For this presidential election, there was a commission to deal with the election which had a Republican majority. Hayes was able to win by having one more electoral total vote and by the commission giving him the 20 disputed votes from Louisiana, South Carolina, and Florida. For the first time in United States history, a candidate won the Presidency through compromise as he lost the popular election. This was known as the Compromise of 1877. Hayes representatives made an agreement with the Southern Democrats that he would recognize the South having Democratic control, and he would no longer intervene in local affairs. The Democrats were in turn supposed to respect the civil rights of African Americans and Hayes' presidency. The acceptance of the compromise meant the end of Reconstruction in the South, as the removal of all federal troops from the last three "unconstructed" Southern states: Louisiana, South Carolina, and Florida took place as ordered by Hayes. However, the Democrats did not live up to their part of their bargain; they did not recognize African Americans as equal citizens which ultimately held them in a lower social class without the same rights as whites. In response to the abolition of slavery, Reconstruction took place in the history of the United States. During the period when the Republicans obtained more power than the Democrats in the South, African Americans were able to gain some of the same civil rights as whites. Some blacks held political offices, and obtained the right to vote. However, in 1874, when the Democrats took back the power in Congress, and the 1876 win by Hayes, the Reconstruction failed due to the discrimination and prejudice of white political leaders, and the majority of the Southern white population. Although the Reconstruction failed, it set a precedence for the civil rights movement and the definition of American freedom.
The Reconstruction Era Dbq
Because of the forbearing nature of Andrew Johnson's Reconstruction Act, white Southerners were able to empower formerly freed blacks using the Black Codes. Black Codes were laws passed in the Southern States limited the black's freedom and used to reintegrate the labor force that Southerners had lost after the Civil War. This showed that the Southerners were tolerant of reconstruction and stubborn in giving freed blacks equality.…
Abraham Lincoln's Assassination And Radical Reconstruction
If Lincoln had survived, his plans for reconstruction would have been successful. Instead, his death led to an open spot for someone else to take over and make those decisions. Of course Andrew Johnson would take over since he was vice president at that time. Radical Republicans saw that there was a way to punish those who rebelled against the Union. The plan was used after President Johnson was impeached. The Radical Republicans created a plan that was very extreme. Radical Reconstruction was a imperfect plan because it was too harsh to the South. The group made a change in the south causing resentment that would be seen later in the future. The main thing that they wanted was to destroy the political power of former confederate loyalists. The Radical Republicans also wanted African Americans to get a complete right to vote. Then these people then went to the south with the feeling of helping the cause, but some of them just only wanted to use the South's postwar confusion. All these events then led to a great attempt in…
6. No, Congress did not have a legitimate reason for impeaching Johnson. They disliked the way he handled things and his policies so they stuck him with a lot of charges that he was not necessarily guilty of in order to get him impeached.…
Causes Of Reconstruction Dbq
The period following the Civil War is called Reconstruction. The goals of the Reconstruction were to abolish slavery, allow former slaves to be citizens and have rights, integrate blacks into society, destabilize the Southern government (Confederacy), and reunited the country. Although the North won the war, the South did not win Reconstruction. Both Democrats and the Ku Klux Klan caused Reconstruction to slow down, especially in the South.…
Was Reconstruction A Success Or Failure
The Reconstruction was the period during which the United States began to rebuild after the Civil War, lasting from 1865 to 1877. It was to repair the North and the South politically, economically and socially. After the Civil War, the South's economy was completely ruined and needed help from the Union government; which they were trying to stay way from. The Reconstruction can be evaluated both as a success and a failure. Its successes were the restoration of the eleven confederate states back to the union, giving African-Americans (ex-slaves) their freedom and rights and providing aid to the freed slaves and poor whites. Its failures were the Anti-African Americans groups such as the KKK, the Black Codes, not protecting the rights of the freedmen and the southern corruption. Although African-Americans were freed and gained their rights because of 13th, 14th and 15th amendments, and the ex-eleven confederate states came back to the union, the Reconstruction was more of a failure than a success.…
Reconstruction Era of the United States and New York Times
Although the Civil War finally managed to come to a close, the end of the war wasn't exactly met with celebration. Instead, the Civil War brought up many new problems that were left unresolved. In order to solve these problems, the congress took responsibility and worked its way to "reconstruct" our nation. The main purpose of the "Congressional Reconstruction" was to 'establish and protect the citizenship rights of the freedmen'. However, the Congress' Reconstruction efforts did not last too long and came to an end by the year of 1877. The main reasons for the failure of the reconstruction efforts were due to the conflicting views and factors upon the purpose of reconstruction. There were much political opposition from the north and the south as well as from the republicans and the democrats, the entire nation was facing economic hardships, and the attempt to place the freedmen in the same social level as the white southerners caused so much tension that the efforts of the Congress' Reconstruction gradually failed.…
With Malice Towards None: The Legacy of Reconstruction
Post-civil war, the United States was divided into two: South and North. In the North, Radical Republicans ruled and Democrats led the South. Having very different opinions on what to do to unify the country again, there was the creation of many ideas, laws, amendments, and acts that led to what we call the Reconstruction period. The legacy of Reconstruction is good, as goals to reunify South and North were achieved. It is also very negative because racial inequalities continued in many different ways as black codes and Jim Crow laws kept blacks from being equal. Starting with the Radical Reconstruction, the South was attacked by laws that were intended to make them become states free of black oppression. Radical Republicans wrote the Civil War amendments that made every man free and equal, made them citizens and gave blacks the right to vote.…
Reconstruction Plan. Did It Work?
The reason that this plan was not so popular was because it didn't give African Americans and former slave's full citizenship and the right to vote. No other country that had abolished slavery had ever given them the right to vote but the radical reconstruction plan wanted to. I think that they shouldn't give them the right to vote because many of them were just slaves who were not educated at all. Most slaves over the age of 20 were illiterate. I think that the best way to reconstruct not only the south but the entire nation would have been to focus on actually reconstructing the nation. By this I mean that they should have helped fix their land and get their economy back on track instead of blaming the south for the entire war. Also they needed to get the African Americans to try to fit in to society.…
Reconstruction Dbq
Following the culmination of the Civil War, issues regarding the restoration of seceded states to the Union, the emancipation of slaves, and the overall re-development of political institutions in the nation prevailed. The idea of Reconstruction was proposed to political officials in late 1865, when the effects of the tumultuous Civil War were at its most devastating. The various enactments of the period were deemed void and not actively enforced. Democratic and Republican political parties refused to meet resolutions, imperative to the reconstruction of the nation's governmental structure. The economy was in an absolute distress, and emancipated blacks faced considerable amounts of opposition. Social, economic, and political policies instituted during the Reconstruction Era are deemed failures due to the burden of racial segregation, economic distress, party discrepancies, and the lack of effective enforcement.…
During the times of The Reconstruction Era, Freed slaves will face many obstacles and injustices. President Andrew Johnson's reconstruction policies call for a series of restrictive laws known as "Black Codes" - made to restrict free blacks. The restrictions include things such as activities and it guarantees their availability as a labor force worker since slavery was now abolished; because of former president Abraham Lincoln.…
African Americans from 1865
In many parts of the South, the newly freed slaves labored under conditions similar to those existing before the war. The Union army could offer only limited protection to the ex-slaves, and Lincoln's successor, Andrew Johnson of Tennessee, clearly had no interest in ensuring the freedom of southern blacks. The new president's appointments as governors of southern states formed conservative, proslavery governments. The new state legislatures passed laws designed to keep blacks in poverty and in positions of servitude. Under these so-called black codes, ex-slaves who had no steady…
The Black Codes were made in 1865, as part of Johnson's Reconstruction policy. These codes were strongly opposed, as they were so greatly restrictive against the rights of African Americans, "they denied them the rights to testify against whites, to serve on juries or in state militias, or to vote" (Foner, 453). The Black Codes violated all free labor principles, and yet Southern states and cities were even able to pass their own Black Codes. In order to define what freed blacks were and were not allowed to do, Section One of Opelousas, Louisiana's Black Code stated, "No negro shall be allowed to come within the limits of the town of Opelousas without special permission from his employers" (Black Code from Opelousas, Louisiana, July 1865). Lastly, Henry Adams, a freedman, made a statement before the U.S. Senate in 1880. He says, "out came about forty armed white men and shot at us and took my horse. They said they were going to kill every colored person they found leave their masters" (Document C: Henry Adams Statement). From this statement, it is clear that socially African Americans were often still treated as slaves with masters. Going to show how limited the social freedoms of African Americans were, during the time period of the…
Essay On Black Codes
The main way white southerners attempted to limit the freedom of former black slaves was through the use of Black Codes. The Black Codes were the white southerners way to keep African American in legal bondage as second class citizens. The laws were created after the Civil War mainly to keep African Americans as indentured servants. Black Codes controlled almost all aspects of life, and prohibited African Americans from the freedoms that had been won. While new laws prevented the owning of slaves they found a way to through legal loopholes to guarantee that blacks would serve as their laborers. Although the laws varied from state to state, the main goal of the laws were the same, keep African Americans in invisible chains. Codes regulated civil…
The Successes and Failures of Reconstruction
The Presidential Reconstruction consisted of the president's plan to bring the southern states back into the Union. It began with President Lincoln, who did not believe the southern states had legally severed ties with the Union. Lincoln created the "10% plan" that said a state could be readmitted to the Union if 10% of the state's voters pledged allegiance to the Union. However, the Republicans in Congress did not feel 10% was enough and created their own plan called the Wade Davis bill to require at least 50% of voters to pledge their allegiance to the Union. President Lincoln pocket vetoed the bill, which outraged the Radical Republicans.…
Reconstruction Dbq Essay
The tension, fear, and hatred kept them unequal. The North feared that black people would take their jobs and the South wanted to kept their superiority, free labor, and money. The buildup of these emotions ultimately led to the "black codes". The purpose of the Black Codes was to ingrain in the minds of the former slaves that they were not free, that they still belong to their former slave owner, that they are not equal, and that whites are superior. The success in the Reconstruction came out of making sure that African Americans did not have to succumb to this type of treatment, which in turn led them to be free, not equal. However this distinguishment between freedom and equality was nonexistent to some, if not most, of the Radical Republicans. Thaddeus Stevens, a Radical Republican, wanted to create a "perfect republic" for all men to be equal and said that, "This is the promise of America, No More. No Less". Although with good intention, Stevens was ignorant of the hypocrisy of his message and the tone that it sets for America. The idea of a "perfect republic" could have been arguably shattered when the Native Americans were being oppressed and run out of their our land. The government specifically excluded Native Americans from the Fourteenth Amendment and said that women must wait in response to American American men receiving the right to vote because it was the "Negro's…

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text:
Iqbal Malik, Editor
Clopidogrel should be given for one year after stenting ▸
Most cardiologists presently prescribe 2–4 weeks of clopidogrel after placing coronary stents. In patients with acute coronary syndromes, the CURE study suggests benefit to nine months, although most of the benefit was achieved in the first three days. The CREDO study suggests that one year of therapy may be appropriate. At one year, long term clopidogrel treatment was associated with a 26.9% relative reduction in the combined risk of death, myocardial infarction (MI), or stroke (95% confidence interval (CI) 3.9% to 44.4%; p =0.02; absolute reduction 3%). Clopidogrel pretreatment did not significantly reduce the combined risk of death, MI, or urgent target vessel revascularisation at 28 days (reduction 18.5%, 95% CI −14.2% to 41.8%; p = 0.23). However, in a prespecified subgroup analysis, patients who received clopidogrel at least six hours before percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) experienced a relative risk reduction of 38.6% (95% CI −1.6% to 62.9%; p = 0.051) for this end point compared with no reduction with treatment less than six hours before PCI. Risk of major bleeding at one year increased, but not significantly (8.8% with clopidogrel v 6.7% with placebo; p = 0.07).
▴ Steinhubl SR, Berger PB, Mann III JT, Fry ETA, DeLago A, Wilmer C, Topol EJ, for the CREDO Investigators. Early and sustained dual oral antiplatelet therapy following percutaneous coronary intervention: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA2002;288:2411–20.
▴ The Clopidogrel in Unstable Angina to Prevent Recurrent Events Trial Investigators. Effects of clopidogrel in addition to aspirin in patients with acute coronary syndromes without ST-segment elevation. N Engl J Med2001;345:494–502.
Cardioselective β blockers can be safely used in patients with asthma/COPD ▸
Randomised, blinded, placebo controlled trials that studied the effects of cardioselective β blockers on forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), symptoms, and the use of inhaled β2 agonists in patients with reactive airway disease were selected for meta-analysis. Nineteen studies on single dose treatment and 10 studies on continued treatment were included. Administration of a single dose of a cardioselective β blocker was associated with a 7.46% (95% CI 5.59% to 9.32%) decrease in FEV1 and a 4.63% (95% CI 2.47% to 6.78%) increase in FEV1 response to β agonist compared with placebo, with no increase in symptoms. Trials lasting from three days to four weeks produced no significant change in FEV1 (−0.42%, 95% CI −3.74% to 2.91%), symptoms, or inhaler use compared with placebo but maintained an 8.74% (95% CI 1.96% to 15.52%) increase in β agonist response. No significant treatment effect in terms of FEV1 was found in patients with concomitant chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, whether single doses (change in FEV1 −5.28%, 95% CI −10.03% to −0.54%) or continued treatment (change in FEV1 1.07%, 95% CI −3.3% to 5.44%) was given.
▴ Salpeter SR, Ormiston TM, Salpeter EE. Cardioselective beta-blockers in patients with reactive airway disease: a meta-analysis. Ann Intern Med2002;137:715–25.
Off-pump CABG reduces neurocognitive injury ▸
Sixty patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery for triple vessel disease were prospectively randomised to the off-pump or on-pump technique. The incidence of neurocognitive impairment at one week postoperatively was 27% (8 of 30) in the off-pump group and 63% (19 of 30) in the on-pump group (p = 0.004); and at 10 weeks postoperatively was 10% (3 of 30) in the off-pump group and 40% (12 of 30) in the on-pump group (p = 0.017). This is in keeping with previous data suggesting that the platelet and leucocyte activation set off by the bypass machine circuit is deleterious to the brain.
▴ Zamvar V, Williams D, Hall J, Payne N, Cann C, Young K, Karthikeyan S, Dunne J. Assessment of neurocognitive impairment after off-pump and on-pump techniques for coronary artery bypass graft surgery: prospective randomised controlled trial. BMJ2002;325:1268.
GUSTO-V still negative at one year ▸
Half dose reteplase and use of abciximab (a glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor blocker) should have improved artery patency and outcome after ST elevation MI compared to reteplase alone. In 16 588 patients, however, all cause mortality was 8.38% in both the reteplase group and the dual therapy group. There were fewer reinfarctions in the first seven days, but this did not translate into an overall mortality advantage. The reason may be that vessel patency was not improved enough by dual therapy to affect mortality. Primary angioplasty, with 95% vessel patency rates, does appear to be significantly better than either, unless pre-hospital thrombolysis is being considered.
▴ Lincoff M, Califf RM, Van de Werf F, Willerson JT, White HD, Armstrong PW, Guetta V, Gibler WB, Hochman JS, Bode C, Vahanian A, Steg PG, Ardissino D, Savonitto S, Bar F, Sadowski Z, Betriu A, Booth JE, Wolsk K, Waller M, Topol EJ, for the GUSTO V Investigators. Mortality at 1 year with combination platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibition and reduced-dose fibrinolytic therapy vs conventional fibrinolytic therapy for acute myocardial infarction: GUSTO V randomized trial. JAMA2002;288:2130–5.
Elderly patients PROSPER with pravastatin ▸
Baseline cholesterol concentrations ranged from 4.0 mmol/l to 9.0 mmol/l in 5804 patients aged 70–82 years. Pravastatin 40 mg/day decreased low density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations by 34% and reduced the incidence of the primary end point (coronary death/non-fatal MI/stroke) to 408 events compared with 473 on placebo (hazard ratio 0.85, 95% CI 0.74 to 0.97; p = 0.014) at a mean follow up of 3.2 years. Stroke rates were not reduced, perhaps because the duration of follow up was three and not five years as in previous trials.
▴ Shepherd J, Blauw GJ, Murphy MB, Bollen ELEM, Buckley BM, Cobbe SM, Ford I, Gaw A, Hyland M, Jukema JW, Kamper AM, Macfarlane PW, Meinders AE, Norrie J, Packard CJ, Perry IJ, Stott DJ, Sweeney BJ, Twomey C, Westendorp RGJ, on behalf of the PROSPER Study Group. Pravastatin in elderly individuals at risk of vascular disease (PROSPER): a randomised controlled trial. Lancet2002;360:1623–30.
CRP to identify risk in young women: ▸
In a subgroup of the RATIO (risk of arterial thrombosis in relation to oral contraceptives) study based in the Netherlands women with peripheral arterial disease (PAD) were identified. All traditional risk factors were more common in women with PAD as were more common infections (except Epstein-Barr). Specifically, the odds ratio for women with PAD and previous shingles, mumps, pneumonia, chronic bronchitis, peptic ulcer, periodontitis, and gingivitis was between 1.5 (for mumps) and 4.6 for peptic ulcer. Risk of PAD increased with the cumulative number of infections. Women with PAD and a C reactive protein (CRP) in the higher two quartiles (1.4–5.0 and > 5.1) had an odds ratio of 5.4 and 5.3 when adjusted for age, sex, and education, and 3.9 and 3.1 when multiply adjusted.
▴ Bloemenkamp DGM, van den Bosch MAAJ, Mali WPThM, Tanis BC, Rosendaal FR, Kemmeren JM, Algra A, Visseren FLJ, van der Graaf Y. Novel risk factors for peripheral arterial disease in young women. Am J Med2002;113:462.
Digoxin has no role in treating women with heart failure ▸
Among the 6800 patients in the digitalis investigation group study, there was an absolute difference of 5.8% (95% CI 0.5% to 11.1%) between men and women in the effect of digoxin on the rate of death from any cause (p = 0.034 for the interaction). In the multivariable analysis, digoxin was associated with a significantly higher risk of death among women (adjusted hazard ratio for the comparison with placebo 1.23, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.47), but it had no significant effect among men (adjusted hazard ratio 0.93, 95% CI 0.85 to 1.02; p = 0.014 for the interaction).
▴ Rathore SS, Wang Y, Krumholz HM. Sex-based differences in the effect of digoxin for the treatment of heart failure. N Engl J Med2002;347:1403–11.
Treatment of heart failure has a long way to go ▸
In 11 000 patients with heart failure, only 50% of echocardiograms showed systolic left ventricular dysfunction. Only 60% of their patients were on angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, 34% on β blockers, and 20% on both. The doses used were 50% of the targets set by the European Society of Cardiology.
▴ Cleland JGF, Cohen-Solal A, Aguilar JC, Dietz R, Eastaugh J, Follath F, Freemantle N, Gavazzi A, van Gilst WH, Hobbs FDR, Korewicki J, Madeira HC, Preda I, Swedberg K, Widimsky J, for the IMPROVEMENT of Heart Failure Programme Committees and Investigators* and the Study Group on Diagnosis of the Working Group on Heart Failure of the European Society of Cardiology. Management of heart failure in primary care (the IMPROVEMENT of heart failure programme): an international survey. Lancet2002;360:1631–9.
ACE inhibitors should become first line antihypertensive agents in renal impairment ▸
Over 1000 African Americans with renal impairment related to hypertension were randomised to either severe (blood pressure 128/78 mm Hg) or moderate blood pressure control (mean 141/85 mm Hg). In addition, they were randomised to one of three antihypertensive drugs. There was no difference in the decline in glomerular filtration rate between the two groups. Nor was there any difference in the clinical end point of decline in glomerular filtration rate by 50%/death/end stage renal disease. However, compared with the metoprolol and amlodipine groups, the ramipril group manifested risk reductions in the clinical composite outcome of 22% (95% CI 1% to 38%; p = 0.04) and 38% (95% CI 14% to 56%; p = 0.004), respectively. There was no significant difference in the clinical composite outcome between the amlodipine and metoprolol groups.
▴ Wright, Jr JT, Bakris G, Greene T, Agodoa LY, Appel LJ, Charleston J, Cheek DA, Douglas-Baltimore JG, Gassman J, Glassock R, Hebert L, Jamerson K, Lewis J, Phillips RA, Toto RD, Middleton JP, Rostand SG, for the African American Study of Kidney Disease and Hypertension Study Group. Effect of blood pressure lowering and antihypertensive drug class on progression of hypertensive kidney disease: results from the AASK trial. JAMA2002;288:2421–31.
General cardiology
Use of frusemide drive in renal failure has no scientific basis ▸
It has been clear for some time that dopamine infusions, although often used in acute renal failure to encourage renal recovery, have no evidence of benefit. The same seems to be true for frusemide (furosemide) drive. A total of 552 patients with acute renal failure were audited. In 59%, diuretics were used at the time of nephrology consultation. These patients were older, and sicker. However, adjusting for this, diuretic use was associated with a significant increase in the risk of death or non-recovery of renal function (odds ratio (OR) 1.77, 95% CI 1.14 to 2.76). The risk was magnified (OR 3.12, 95% CI 1.73 to 5.62) when patients who died within the first week following consultation were excluded. The increased risk was borne largely by patients who were relatively unresponsive to diuretics.
▴ Mehta RL, Pascual MT, Soroko S, Chertow GM, for the PICARD Study Group. Diuretics, mortality, and nonrecovery of renal function in acute renal failure. JAMA2002;288:2547–53.
Screening for AAA is cost effective ▸
Ultrasound screening of men aged 65–74 years found 1333 aneurysms in 27 147 people (4.9%). A matched group were followed without screening. Men with abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) > 3 cm were reviewed at one year, those 3.0–5.5 cm diameter were seen at three months, and those > 5.5 cm or expanding > 1 cm per year were offered surgery. There were 65 aneurysm related deaths (absolute risk 0.19%) in the screening group, and 113 (0.33%) in the control group (risk reduction 42%, 95% CI 22% to 58%; p = 0.0002), with a 53% reduction (95% CI 30% to 64%) in those who attended screening. Thirty day mortality was 6% (24 of 414) after elective surgery for an aneurysm, and 37% (30 of 81) after emergency surgery. Cost effectiveness was shown for screening, with cost per life year saved being < £30 000.
▴ The Multicentre Aneurysm Screening Study Group. The multicentre aneurysm screening study (MASS) into the effect of abdominal aortic aneurysm screening on mortality in men: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet2002;360:1531–9.
Syncope as a presenting feature of aortic dissection ▸
The International Registry of Acute Aortic Dissection (IRAD) collects data from more than six countries. Of 728 patients with acute aortic dissection, 13% report syncope. This may be caused by tamponade, carotid involvement, or spinal artery occlusion. It may also be a reaction to pain, or an aortic baroreceptor reflex. Most worrying is that 3% of dissections presented with syncope alone, without chest or back pain. This raises the question of how hard dissection should be sought in patients presenting with syncope and no other symptoms.
▴ Nallamothu BK, Mehta RH, Saint S, Llovet A, Bossone E, Cooper JV, Sechtem U, Isselbacher EM, Nienaber CA, Eagle KA, Evangelistal A. Syncope in acute aortic dissection: diagnostic, prognostic, and clinical implications. Am J Med2002;113:468–71.
Mercury is bad for the brain, but what about the heart? ▸
Mercury accumulates in oily fish, and is found in high concentrations in swordfish. Pregnant women and children in the USA are advised to avoid too much oily fish. Two studies in the New England Journal of Medicine come to opposite conclusions about the cardiac effects. The beneficial effects of fish oils on the heart may be reduced by low level poisoning according to Guallar et al. This effect was not found in another study by Yoshizawa et al.
▴ Guallar E, Sanz-Gallardo MI, van't Veer P, Bode P, Aro A, Gómez-Aracena J, Kark JD, Riemersma RA, Martín-Moreno JM, Kok FJ, for the Heavy Metals and Myocardial Infarction Study Group. Mercury, fish oils, and the risk of myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med2002;347:1747–54.
▴ Yoshizawa K, Rimm EB, Morris JS, Spate VL, Hsieh C-C, Spiegelman D, Stampfer MJ, Willett WC. Mercury and the risk of coronary heart disease in men. N Engl J Med2002;347:1755–60.
Journals scanned
American Journal of Medicine; American Journal of Physiology: Heart and Circulatory Physiology; Annals of Emergency Medicine; Annals of Thoracic Surgery; Archives of Internal Medicine; BMJ; Chest; European Journal of Cardiothoracic Surgery; Lancet; JAMA; Journal of Clinical Investigation; Journal of Diabetes and its Complications; Journal of Immunology; Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery; Nature Medicine; New England Journal of Medicine; Pharmacoeconomics; Thorax
Dr Oliver Segal, Dr Tom Wong, Dr Vias Markides, Dr Diana Gorog, Dr Akhil Kapur, Dr Andrew Sharp, Dr Pipin Ko
WEB TOP 10
BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and British Cardiovascular Society
Heart 2003; 89 426-426 Published Online First: 01 Apr 2003. doi: 10.1136/heart.89.4.426


Subject to finishing in the top four placings – this is applicable where previously qualified horses are placed higher up the line.
Horse must exceed 148cms without shoes.
AGE: Open to horses foaled in 2014 and 2015.
SADDLERY (warm-up and competition): Tack as per BE Rules for Novice Dressage – snaffle bridle only. For copy, check www.britisheventing.com. Running martingale only and front boots are optional for sections I, II and IV. However, NO hind boots or bandages of any kind may be worn in the collecting ring, warm-up area or actual class. Jumping whip only allowed (max length 75cm).
DRESS: As for BE Novice HT Dressage Test/Hunting Dress. BE/BHS approved hat and harness to be worn for ALL sections.
BALLOTING: in the event of oversubscription, entries received from horses that have already qualified for the Final will be balloted first.


Hello, my name is Shannon Powell and I grew up in Mesa, Arizona. I have a degree in Elementary Education and hold a current teaching certification with an Early Childhood endorsement in the state of Arizona. I am currently enrolled in the Masters Program at ASU in Early Childhood Curriculum and Instruction.
I am passionate and enthusiastic about teaching children and I have gained a lot of teaching experience outside of the classroom as well, teaching my 5 children. I created TotSpot Preschool after researching many local preschools and programs for my own daughter. It is important to me that a preschool not only meet my high standards as an educator, but also meet my expectations as a mother….for an affordable price. Since completing my degree, I have completed hundreds of hours of training and continuing education including ECERS & CLASS certification in order to strive to maintain a positive learning environment and high quality preschool program in our community.
I enjoy finding ways to give back to our amazing community, with the help of our awesome TotSpot Preschool families. Each year, we raise funds for Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation, as well as collect donations for our local Children's Crisis Center. I love working as a CASA volunteer, which is a Court Appointed Special Advocate for children in our foster care system.
I hope to help inspire YOUR little one with a LOVE of LEARNING!
Hi, my name is Kristen Benson, and I love being a part of the TotSpot staff. I grew up in Orange County, California. I received my Bachelor's Degree in Accounting from Brigham Young University in 1995. I worked in the accounting field for a few years before staying home to raise my 3 daughters. I have helped teach each of them in a home-based preschool and have worked with children in my church for the past 12 years, I have also taught piano out of my home. I love to read, cook, decorate and spend time with my family.
I enjoyed being a teacher in the classroom my first two years at TotSpot before joining the Admin staff as a full time accountant and Assistant Director. We have such a fabulous staff at TotSpot and when I come to work each day I feel like they are a part of my family. I believe preschool is such an important time in a child's life because it creates a love for learning that will hopefully carry on for the rest of their school years.
Although I have called many places home over the years, I have come to really love my Chandler bubble. We have four AMAZING children ranging in age from 14 to 22 and an AWESOME pup named Papi.
I was a regular volunteer in each of my children's classrooms throughout the years. I have experience working with children with learning disabilities, and also gifted children.
I have really enjoyed making connections with each of our TotSpot family members. TotSpot has really become my second family. As I have watched my own children grow and develop, I have relished their younger years, and I am happy to get to enjoy your adorable children each day – until I get some grandchildren of my own!
Hi! My name is Gillian McGill.I was born and raised in Edinburgh, Scotland.It was there I earned my SVQ 2 and HNC in Childcare and Education (the equivalent of a bit more than an associate's degree in the states) in 1997.I also went back to school to study Midwifery in 2002.My husband and I moved to Arizona in 2007 due to my husband being relocated with work.Prior to moving here we spent some time in Portland, Oregon and Dublin, Ireland.
Hi my name is Ms. Nelay and I am excited to be a part of the TotSpot Admin team! I spent my first six years at TotSpot as a head teacher in the 2's, 3's & pre-k classrooms! Prior to my time at TotSpot, I taught for the Mesa Public Schools as an Elementary School Teacher for six years. I am an Arizona native, grew up in Mesa, and attended Northern Arizona University. I graduated from NAU in 2000 with a Degree in Elementary Education.
During my first year of teaching I met my husband, Nathan. We are celebrating 16 years of marriage this July. We have three beautiful daughters: twins Ashlynn & Amara-13 and our baby girl Bryssa-10. Our family LOVES to watch cooking shows and cook all together in our home kitchen. Some of my hobbies are baking cupcakes, hiking Arizona, and taking beach vacations.


The Staging Diva Directory of Home Stagers welcomes back Designed to Appeal serving areas of New York and New Hampshire.
Donna Dazzo is a Graduate of the Staging Diva Home Staging Business Training Program, and she has chosen to renew her full listing on the Staging Diva Directory of Home Stagers making this her fifth year advertising with us.
Even though she has a separate home staging website, Brooke knows her full listing on the Staging Diva Directory will enhance her site's SEO and she can also be sure her business is found by anyone searching for a stager in her city.
Learn more about adding your home staging business to the Staging Diva Directory of Home Stagers.
Do You Have Home Staging Talent?
Home Staging More Profitable than Textile Design?
© Voice of Possibility Group Inc. All rights reserved. Republication or dissemination of this content is expressly prohibited without written permission.


We recently concluded the nominations period for Young Good Citizens 2015: An opportunity to recognise and publicise the great work done by many young people in our communities. The event allows us to deliver a positive message about our youth to the wider public and strengthens the relationship between police and young people.
We were delighted to hear about those aged 18 or under who have displayed great spirit and are making a real difference in their communities. We were particularly pleased to receive nominations about young people who have overcome challenges in their own lives and have still been able to make a difference to others in their community. Most Safer Neighbourhood Teams nominated at least one person (or a small group - maximum of three people) from their area. These SNT nominations were supplemented with applications from schools, youth leaders and members of the public.
All of the nominees meeting the criteria will receive a Young Good Citizen Certificate from their Safer Neighbourhood Team. In a change to previous years 3 young people (one from each of the traditional counties: Herefordshire, Shropshire and Worcestershire) along with their proposers, will be invited to a final awards ceremony at Police Headquarters in Hindlip on Thursday October 22nd 2015 hosted by the Chief Constable, Police and Crime Commissioner and High Sheriffs. Ten further nominees will be invited to local Commendation events to be recognised locally by the Policing Area Superintendent.


Safety and Mobility offer a range of Hospital and Clinic multipurpose stainless-steel trolleys with different height and size options. We offer trolleys that carry four deep polyethylene containers for multipurpose use, with either a two or four shelf design available. Our other multipurpose trolleys feature a two or three recessed shelf design. Each trolley has a set of four castors for easy and efficient manoeuvrability and stability and push handles at either side. Safety and Mobility also stock the popular Clax Cart with the full range of accessories.


Former Finance Minister Simba Makoni said the dismissal of Elias Mudzuri as mayor of Harare in April 2003 was the work of the Gang of Four- Ignatius Chombo, Joseph Made, Jonathan Moyo and Patrick Chinamasa.
Mudzuri was sacked as mayor allegedly for mismanagement. Mudzuri claimed that Chombo wanted to trigger unnecessary chaos and confusion in the city.
Makoni said the move could have been a part of a move by the "Gang of Four" (Local Government Minister Chombo, Agriculture Minister Made, Information Minister Moyo, and Minister of Justice Chinamasa) "to consolidate their positions and 'radicalize' the situation amid reports that their sole source of influence and power -President Robert Mugabe- may be contemplating retirement".
ruling party ZANU-PF to regain control of the capital city.
Mudzuri,s dismissal despite having no legal basis to do so.
his councilors not to quit in protest at his suspension.
to protect the public health of residents.
not in the interest of sound, smooth governance.
the MDC would not rush into street protests over this issue.
High Court charging Chombo with overreaching his authority.
President has grounds to dismiss the mayor.
The Insider is a political and business bulletin about Zimbabwe, edited by Charles Rukuni. Founded in 1990, it was a printed 12-page subscription only newsletter until 2003 when Zimbabwe's hyper-inflation made it impossible to continue printing.
Is Chamisa now ready for national dialogue?
It is more stressful and frustrating to discuss politics with people that you do not agree with.
Why panic- what currency are Zimbabweans using now?
Has MDC panicked over Zimbabwe-IMF deal?


text:
The small town of Granisle is located on the shores of Babine Lake, one of the worlds largest natural lakes measuring in at over 180 km long. Granisle is located north of Topley. Moose and bear are just a few of the animals that frequent these roadways.
Babine Lake has been home to the people of Nat'oo (or Nat'ooten) for as long as humans have inhabited North America. They're thought to have immigrated from the Athabaska heartland millennia ago.
When European settlers arrived around 1813, they found at least four flourishing Nat'ooten villages. In 1822, the Hudson's Bay Company established a trading post at Old Fort. It was later moved to Fort Babine, which received a road link and electricity in the 1980s.
The village of Granisle was named and built by Granby Mining and SmetlingLtd., primarily to house workers and their families. Incorporated in 1971, the village grew to include a store, gas station, post office, library, school, RCMP, medical centre, community hall, interdenominational church, curling rink and hotel. By 1979 almost 2,000 people called Granisle home.
Tourism, outdoor recreation
Town Population: 303 (2016 Census)
Health Authority: Northern Health
Health Service Delivery Area: Northern Interior
Regional District: Bulkley-Nechako
RRP Designation: A
RRP Points: 38.60
Practitioner information
Granisle Community Health Centre
Box 219, 1 Hagen Street
Granisle, BC, V0J 1W0
Granisle is north of Houston and Burns Lake and is located 143 km from Smithers and 326 km from Prince George. From Highway 16 at Topley take Highway 118 north for 49 km. Click here for map.
Granisle can only be accessed by private vehicle. Currently there are no bus, train or air services available.
The Houston & District Chamber of Commerce provides valuable information about the Granisle community, relocation and local businesses. Visit their website here.
Granisle currently does not have any financial institutions. The closest to this community are in Houston and Burns Lake, BC.
Granisle is located in Nechako Lakes School District #91.
Babine Elem-Secondary (1-12, 31 Students)
Box 250, Mcdonald Avenue
250 697-2222 | 250 697-6275
www.sd91.bc.ca
Village of Granisle Tourist Info Centre
Highway 118, 3 Babine Drive
Granville, BC, V0J 1W0
Hrs: M-Sun 9am-5pm. May 10 to to September 8, 2013. Closed in winter season.
www.granisle.ca
infocentre@villageofgranisle.ca
Granisle is a recreational community with members and visitors enjoying nature all year round. From hiking to cycling, canoeing to waterskiing, snowshoeing to snowmobiling, the community is always on the go.
The community has a hockey area and curling rink that recently underwent upgrades that will allow the community to host summer events in the future.
Seasonal events include fishing derby's in the summer and snowmobile poker rally's in the winter.
December brings the annual Christmas Light Up contest that the whole community participates in and votes on.
Happening now! Real-Time Virtual PoCUS Practice with Dr. Virginia Robinson. Today is #cardiac #PoCUS practice.… https://t.co/XDd7ziGcVV 27 minutes ago
RT @ubc_health: Congratulations to nine interdisciplinary teams across #UBC Vancouver and @ubcokanagan who have been awarded funding for in… yesterday


text:
Seaca de Pădure is a commune in Dolj County, Oltenia, Romania with a population of 1,358 people. It is composed of three villages: Răchita de Sus, Seaca de Pădure and Veleni.

References

Communes in Dolj County
Localities in Oltenia

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Q: Martingale regularization with right continuous filtration The standard textbook presentation of the Doob Regularization Theorem for a martingale $(X_t, \mathcal{F}_t)$ assumes that the filtration satisfies the usual conditions.  It is clear that the assumption of right continuity of the filtration is critical (both in showing the adaptedness of the modification $X^+_t = \lim_{q \to t^+} X_t$ as well as showing the martingale property of $X^+$ using the Levy Downward Theorem).  On the other hand, it is clear that the assumption of completeness is stronger than necessary for all we really need to assume is that $\mathcal{F}_0$ contains the null event where the limits $\lim_{q \to t^+} X_q$ and $\lim_{q \to t^-}X_q$ fail to exist: this assumption being used to conclude that $X^+$ is $\mathcal{F}$-adapted.
The question is that I occasionally run into scenarios in which the existence of a cadlag version is asserted with only an assumption of right continuity in the filtration.  This is not uncommon in Girsanov Theory in which the usual conditions cause subtle problems.  For example on pg. 325 of Revuz and Yor we have the statement "These (classes of) random variables form a $(\mathcal{F}^0_t, P)$-martingale and since $(\mathcal{F}^0_t)$ is right continuous, we may choose $D_t$ within its $P$-equivalence class so that the resulting process $D$ is a $(\mathcal{F}^0_t)$-adapted martingale almost every path of which is cadlag...".  There are other examples that I can quote (even Kallenberg is a bit slippery on this point).
Without some a priori knowledge that right and left limits exist prior to modification I don't see how this can be true; we can certainly modify to a cadlag process within the $P$-equivalence class but without further assumptions on the filtration we destroy $\mathcal{F}$-adaptedness.  Is there something that I am missing here?

A: I think I have the result that you are looking for. It is called "Föllmer's lemma" (theorem 2.44 chapter II section 5 in the book "Semimartingale Theory and Stochastic Calculus" by Gang Wang, Jia-An Yan and here is how it goes :
(of course you are given a stochastic basis with no particular assumptions regarding the regularity of the filtration)
Let's be given $(X_t)_{t\in \mathbb{R}^+}$ a supermartingale (resp. martingale) and $D$ a dense subset of $\mathbb{R}^+$.
Then there exists a process $\bar{X}_t$ such that the following four points hold :
1-$(\bar{X}_t)_{t\in \mathbb{R}^+}$ is right continuous for almost all $\omega$, for any $t\in \mathbb{R}^+$ ; $\bar{X_t}(\omega)=\lim_{(s\in D,s \searrow \searrow t )}X_s(\omega)$.
2-for almost all $\omega$, for any $t>0$,
$\bar{X}_{t_-}(\omega)=\lim_{(s\in \mathbb{R}^+,s \nearrow \nearrow t )}\bar{X}_s(\omega)$ exists and is finite. And we have moreover :
$\bar{X}_{t_-}(\omega)=\lim_{(s\in D,s \nearrow \nearrow t )}X_s(\omega)$
3- For all $t\in\mathbb{R}^+$ :
$X_t\geq \mathbb{E}[\bar{X}_t|\mathcal{F}_t]$ (resp. equality for the martingale case)
4- $(\bar{X}_t)_{t\in \mathbb{R}^+}$ is a $\mathcal{F}_+$-supermartingale (resp. martingale). Where $\mathcal{F}_+$ is the right continuous filtration generated by the filtration $\mathcal{F}$.
As you can notice there is no completion of the filtration at time 0 by the negligible sets.

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Home NET WORTH Ana Kasparian Net Worth 2023, Age, Husband, Children, Height, Family, Parents, Wedding
Ana Kasparian Net Worth 2023, Age, Husband, Children, Height, Family, Parents, Wedding
Read the complete write-up of Ana Kasparian net worth, salary, age, husband, children, height, family, parents, podcast, wedding, tv shows as well as other information you need to know.
Ana Kasparian is an American progressive political commentator, media host, university instructor, and journalist. She is the main host and a producer of the online news show The Young Turks, having begun working as a fill-in producer for the show in 2007. She also appeared on the television version of the show that aired on Current TV. She formerly hosted The Point on the TYT Network and currently co-hosts a Jacobin YouTube show, Weekends with Ana Kasparian and Nando Vila.
Name Ana Kasparian
Salary $1.5 million
Occupation Political commentator, Media host, University instructor, Journalist
Height 1.68m
Ana Kasparian net worth 2023
Anahit Misak Kasparian was born on July 7, 1986 (age 35 years) in Los Angeles, California, United States. She is the daughter of Armenian immigrant parents. Her paternal great-grandparents experienced the Armenian genocide first-hand in 1915. She was raised in the Reseda neighborhood of Los Angeles. She grew up speaking Armenian as her first language and started kindergarten without being able to speak a word of English. She has said watching Sesame Street as a child is what helped her to learn English quickly.
Kasparian danced ballet from the age of 3 to the age of 19 and performed ballet professionally throughout those years. Kasparian graduated from Valley Alternative Magnet High School of Van Nuys in 2004 and California State University, Northridge (CSUN) in 2007 with a Bachelor of Arts in journalism. She completed her Master of Political Science in 2010.
Ana Kasparian said that seeing journalist Barbara Walters on 20/20 inspired her to get into journalism. After graduating with a Bachelor of Arts, in Journalism (BAJ) from California State University, Northridge (CSUN), she became an assistant producer with CBS Radio news stations in Los Angeles, first with KFWB and then KNX.
Kasparian said that she was lucky to be hired immediately after graduating, but did not like working for CBS Radio because mainstream media is "not fun" due to the "robotic work environment" where she could not say what she wanted on air or do stories that were important to her. She enrolled in a master's degree program as a "way out" of media. She has also worked with AOL News, YouTube, TidalTv and On Point.
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After filling in as host in April 2007, Kasparian became the producer and co-host with Cenk Uygur of the progressive talk radio on Sirius XM Satellite Radio and internet show/TV show The Young Turks. She was at first skeptical of her new work environment as an Armenian saying: "The Young Turks is a strange name," but after working there the name was explained to her as: "it essentially means rebels. People who rebel against societal expectations."
She liked working at The Young Turks enough that she decided to stay in media. In fact, she was supposed to leave after two weeks but said she "kind of refused". She was first hired to do marketing but "weaseled" her way into doing on-air segments. Ana Kasparian described what she liked about working at TYT: "What I loved about the show was that it was unscripted. It was raw. It was just completely unfiltered." In a Forbes interview she also stated that she cannot pretend to be a "robot that's always neutral." She needs to state her opinion and sometimes "aggressively so" and TYT allowed her to do that.
Ana Kasparian posits that young people are interested in news, but "they see network anchors as simply folks who read teleprompters." This is why she believes young people are attracted to online media because there are fewer teleprompters and people are more genuine. Kasparian and her co-host Uygur applied a populist left branding strategy that made TYT a successful global online organization, with larger numbers of YouTube subscribers than several other notable news networks like CNN.
Kasparian co-hosted TYT University, a show focused on issues faced by university students that ran from March 15, 2011, to December 31, 2014, where she first hosted with Jayar Jackson and then John Iadarola. TYT University then turned into a show called Think Tank debuting on January 1, 2015, with different hosts and different topics but aimed at the same demographic. The show was hosted by John Iadarola and Hannah Cranston.
She was the main host of another TYT Network show, The Point, which was a panel-style show with a weekly round-up of news stories. Common co-hosts on The Point included political commentator Dave Rubin, science communicator Cara Santa Maria, American actor Hank Chen, and American football player Drew Carter. However, this show came to a close by releasing its last episode on January 5, 2016. She became a part-time journalist and op-ed writer at The Raw Story news outlet in May 2015.
Kasparian appeared on "Take Part Live" several times in 2014, sometimes as a guest and sometimes as a co-host. She also is a weekly host on the Jacobin YouTube show Weekends, formerly co-hosted by Michael Brooks until his sudden death in July 2020. The Young Turks' name is identical to that of a Turkish political movement responsible for the Armenian genocide. Armenian activists have criticized the program's name and a spokesman for the Armenian National Committee of America has compared it to a hypothetical show broadcasting under the name "The Young Nazis".
In 2016, Kasparian became involved in an exchange over the name with hecklers from the Armenian Youth Federation during an appearance at California State University, Northridge. Kasparian's appearance at a 2017 event at UCLA was protested by the UCLA Armenian Students' Association which issued a statement saying that the "Bruin Political Union and Campus Events Commission have shown that they are either not familiar with the offensive nature of the name of the organization Mrs.
Ana Kasparian represents or that they just do not care". A 2018 Playboy article by Art Tavana on the name dispute accused Kasparian of "complicity" in what he called "genocide denial". Kasparian has said that criticism of the name has led to harassment of her; in a 2020 Twitter exchange, she accused a critic of the name of perpetuating "the same lies over and over again, which of course directs harassment and disinformation toward me".
Political views
Ana Kasparian has described herself as an atheist who pushes for progressive values. She wants criminal justice reform and has been a critic of private and for-profit prisons calling them "hideous institutions". She has spoken out about campaign finance reform which is meant to get money out of politics. She gave a TEDx talk on this subject explaining a path that could be taken to achieve campaign finance reform in December 2016.
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Kasparian believes in free education for the United States and affordable housing. During an appearance on The Nightly Show with Larry Wilmore in November 2015, she said, "people do stupid and offensive things all the time, and we can't expect to be shielded from it." She wrote in Bernie Sanders in the 2020 presidential election, reasoning that it would not matter because she lives in the reliably Democratic-voting California.
Ana Kasparian is married to Christian Lopez, they had their wedding in November 2015. Her husband is a former Minor League Baseball player, model, and actor. After eloping, they had a public wedding later in September 2016 at which Cenk Uygur, fellow co-host of The Young Turks, officiated. She stands at an appealing height of 1.68m and has a good body weight which suits her personality. As of mid-2022, Ana Kasparian and her Christian Lopez are still married and living a cool life with their children. She became a lecturer (i.e. instructor) at California State University, Northridge and began teaching journalism in August 2013.
Ana Kasparian net worth
How much is Ana Kasparian worth? Ana Kasparian net worth is estimated at around $4 million as of 2023. Her main source of income is from her career as a political commentator, media host, university instructor, and journalist. Kasparian salary per month with other career earnings is over $1.5 million annually. Her successful career has earned her some luxurious lifestyles and some fancy car trips. She is one of the richest and most influential political commentators in the United States.
Creed Humphrey Net Worth 2023, Age, Wife, Children, Height, Family, Parents,...
NET WORTH 31/01/2023
Jody Fortson Net Worth 2023, Age, Wife, Children, Height, Family, Parents,...


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NBA Exec: LeBron James Is 'Throwing People Under The Bus'
Posted on March 9, 2019 by Jack Delaney
LeBron James's debut season with the Los Angeles Lakers hasn't been smooth sailing.
It would be one thing if the Lakers weren't heading to the Finals, but they aren't even going to make the playoffs.
The last time LeBron James missed the playoffs Snapchat, Instagram and the iPhone didn't even exist.
James's first year at the Lakers has been a major disappointment, and LeBron has gotten some criticism for placing the blame on his young teammates.
LeBron has questioned the desire of his young squad, but NBA experts have pointed out that on many occasions the blame has rested on his shoulders.
With LeBron's social media call-outs now becoming a running joke in the NBA, a Western Conference executive has called out the three-time champion, per Bleacher Report.
"I've never seen him like this, and I'm a little shocked because I've been around him and thought he was more of a leader," the anonymous executive said.
"All of a sudden, I'm seeing a different LeBron. Dude, don't do that; you're hurting yourself.
The best thing he can do is tell everybody, 'My guys have been great, I can do better, and we need to continue to improve as a team.'
He hasn't done that. Instead, he's throwing people under the bus."
While few people would argue with the league executive's words, it's no surprise that he has chosen to stay anonymous.
This isn't the first time LeBron has been called out for taking public shots at his teammates.
He also had a habit of doing it during his return-seasons with the Cleveland Cavaliers.
However, on that occasion, LeBron's tactic worked, leading the Cavs to a historic NBA title.
This time around the young Lakers have failed to respond and are an abysmal 30-35 for the season.
It may be time for LeBron to try another strategy to motivate his team next season.


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Tigers track captain is ready to go out with a bang
David Kerr is leading the team to U Sports Championships in March
March 7, 2017 / Diana Foxall / No Comments
The Dalhousie Tigers male throwers continue to dominate the Atlantic University Sport (AUS) conference, despite a lack of real training facilities.
But for team captain David Kerr, it's not a problem. Kerr is the second ranked thrower on the team, behind fellow graduating athlete Adam Karakolis. The fifth year kinesiology major switched to Dalhousie after completing first-year in his hometown of Fredericton at the University of New Brunswick.
"It's close to home but it's not at home, and the track program here is great – and the school is excellent as well," he said of his choice to pick Dalhousie.
It was a decision that has benefited him as well as the Tigers. In his first year on the team, he won the weight throw event at AUS Championships, and came third and fifth respectively for the following two years.
This season, he placed second at the AUS championship meet, beating his previous best throw.
"Expecting a personal best is sort of tough but we were definitely hoping for one. We prepared all season to make sure that we were in good shape at this meet to hit one, and that definitely worked out this weekend," Kerr said, adding that doing so "turned out to be necessary to qualify for [the] U Sport Championships."
In the lead up to big meets like the recent AUS Championships, he has relied on improving technique more than anything, but is reaping the rewards of continuous repetition.
"We can practice our technique as long as we don't actually throw, so we've been doing a lot of that, just going through the motions and perfecting it without the weight – so that when we do have the weight, we're primed," he said.
The ability of athletes like Kerr to practice their events is limited, as there is nowhere to throw the weight.
According to Tigers head coach, Rich Lehman, the team is making the best of it.
"They can throw the shot here, which before Tim Maloney arrived, we weren't allowed to do," he said. "But we're not allowed to throw the weight – there's nowhere, not even the Canada Games Centre."
The closest place to throw is Truro, but that's not a realistic option for the Halifax-based athletes.
"These are guys who are already national class throwers who have stayed national class throwers, but it's very hard for them to have huge leaps and bounds improvement-wise if they can't actually train here," said Lehman of Kerr and Karakolis. Happily, the two are defying the odds, as their recent performances have proved.
Kerr is excited for his "last kick at the can" as he heads into his last national university competition. He plans to continue throwing after completing his degree, but admits that life after being a varsity athlete is a different ballgame.
"Obviously it's not going to be the same, where you're on a university team and there's not CIS nationals at the end of the season that you can point towards as the ultimate goal, but I'm going to keep training a little bit – mostly the outdoor season instead of the indoor season," said Kerr.
Following his career at Dalhousie, he hopes to continue studying and become a teacher, and perhaps coaching track on the side.
"I've done some coaching accreditations, so to use those would be really nice."
That said, there's still one last competition for the Tiger, and he – along with the rest of the team – is looking forward to closing out the 2017 indoor season with a bang.
"I obviously want to do well at nationals, and coming off of a big PB at the conference meet, hopefully I can make that happen," he said. "It was great seeing people pick things up at the right time, and challenge their personal bests, or in some cases even break meet records. As a team we are going to carry this momentum with us to Edmonton for nationals in March."
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Grassroots movement to end ageism launched
Published 15th October 2018
Aged care providers, peak bodies representing services, seniors and experts in ageing, and individuals from the media and academia are among a diverse group spearheading a campaign to counter age discrimination in Australia.
Just over 12 months after not-for-profit provider of aged, disability and family support services the Benevolent Society announced it was building the initiative, EveryAGE Counts was launched at its new offices in Sydney on Thursday.
The campaign, which includes 14 organisations and eight individuals as foundation members, aims to build a national people's movement that equips individuals and groups to speak out against ageism wherever they find it.
Natasha Egan, 2018, Australian Ageing Agenda (https://www.australianageingagenda.com.au/about/)


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When the Empire was abolished in , the Elector chose to remain an Elector, with or without an Empire. In , however, the area was annexed to France. When the Elector recovered it in , he preserved the previous title. This curious institution survived until the Elector, still without his Empire, chose the wrong side in and Hesse-Cassel was annexed by Prussia. Earlier, one of the line, Frederick, ended up a King of Sweden, but with no issue, nothing came of it. There are living heirs of this line today.
See Article History Alternative Title: Munich, by far the largest city in southern Germany, lies about 30 miles 50 km north of the edge of the Alps and along the Isar River , which flows through the middle of the city. In Henry the Lion , duke of Bavaria, granted the monks the right to establish a market where the road from Salzburg met the Isar River.
For single women visitors, the dating game in Germany can at first seem like a free, gourmet buffet. The men are almost all impressively tall, many are blond and, almost invariably, they are.
Free time for lunch. In the afternoon we recommended a visit to the famous Museum of Technology and Science. Dinner at a typical tavern in Munich and overnight.
Bavaria became a free state in after World War I, and then was an administrative unit of the National Socialists. After World War II, Bavaria became a part of the Federal Republic of Germany. This history is important to understanding the marks on Bavarian porcelain and china, as some of the Germany backstamps are also Bavarian china.
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The death was officially declared a suicide, yet many believe that Ludwig was murdered, most likely on the orders of the Bavarian government which had declared that Ludwig was mad and incapable of ruling only three days earlier. This is the story of the life of King Ludwig II of Bavaria, one of the most intriguing, eccentric, infamous and tragic nineteenth-century kings. Kingdom of Bavaria map Map showing the nineteenth century Kingdom of Bavaria.
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After beer and dirndl campaign, Bavaria faces vote earthquake 10th October , 0 comments A plate of white sausages and a large beer in front of him, Otto Seidl bemoaned voters in the prosperous German state of Bavaria who have defected from his CSU party. And if Bavaria is doing well, it's because the CSU has been governing it for more than 70 years," exclaimed the year-old Munich city councillor.
With opinion polls predicting the CSU will get just percent in the regional vote, the party looks set to lose its absolute majority, which would set "a historical precedent," said Sudha David-Wilp of think-tank the German Marshall Fund. In power since , most of the time ruling alone, the CSU is today struggling to stop haemorrhaging votes to both the left-leaning Greens and the far-right, anti-immigration AfD.
Sunday's vote takes place under the shadow of the deeply polarising issue of immigration, as the state bordering Austria was the main gateway for more than a million asylum seekers who arrived in the country since Mindful of the AfD's anti-immigration rhetoric which was clawing away at its traditional base, the CSU's leadership has openly clashed with Merkel over her liberal refugee stance.
Monika Voland-Kleemann, a year-old CSU member, expressed disbelief at the situation her party finds itself in. Officially called the Free State of Bavaria, it is Germany's second biggest both by area and economic weight. Home to industrial titans from Siemens to BMW, it also boasts the lowest unemployment rate. Bavaria's strength, independent streak and cherished folk traditions, including the world-famous Oktoberfest, are something the mainly Catholic region never fails to remind the rest of Germany of.
On the hustings, the dress code for candidates is traditional dirndl dresses for women and lederhosen for men. Beer tents are the favoured location and campaign etiquette includes speaking to voters in a broad Bavarian dialect with a stein of beer in hand. CSU chairman Horst Seehofer may be Germany's interior minister, but more often than not, he has stressed the message of "Bavaria first", while state premier Markus Soeder, 51, has the slogan "Yes to Bavaria! Leading Greens candidate Ludwig Hartmann told AFP that "this vote is not just a regional vote" and predicted a shift away from home-spun populism back to moderate, pro-European policies.
Biography[ edit ] Born in Ravensburg , in or ,  he was the son of Henry the Proud ,  Duke of Bavaria and Saxony, who was the son of Duke Henry the Black and an heir of the Billungs , former dukes of Saxony. This was because Henry the Proud had been his rival for the crown in Henry III, however, did not relinquish his claims to his inheritance, and Conrad returned Saxony to him in However, the East Mark was not returned, which became Austria.
In Brunswick, his capital, he had a bronze lion , his heraldic animal, erected in the yard of his castle Dankwarderode in — the first bronze statue north of the Alps.
Bavaria Auto Center is owned and operated by founder, Rodolfo "Rudy" Fonseca. Rudy has extensive knowledge of European Imports dating back to He is an internationally known mechanic with multi-year tenures at BMW in Lima and Volvo of Peru.
Further, if you do something wrong or not by their standards they normally have no problem ridiculing you and telling you what an idiot you are. For this reason dating German men can be somewhat of a challenge for a woman who is not accustomed to the customs of German people. In reality, the above is a conception based on experience as an outsider. For Germans there is a way of life and people pretty much know what to expect.
At that time the venerable House of Wittelsbach which he represented had been reduced to a plaything for the ambitions of these two major powers. In their design and contents, purpose and reception they convey an artistic and political harmony unique in Germany, despite their inner contradictions. Construction[ edit ] Already as crown prince Ludwig had the plan to erect a patriotic monument in his royal capital of Munich.
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Kingdom in southern Germany. The settlement of Jewish merchants in Bavaria dates from the very earliest times. The legend that they dwelt in certain cities—as, for instance, Regensburg and Augsburg—before the Christian era, is undoubtedly fictitious; having been invented to prove that their ancestors had not been among those Jews who killed Jesus. For, while the old Germanic legislation of the sixth and seventh centuries abounds with regulations concerning the Jews, there is not the slightest trace of such laws in the "Leges Bajuvariorum" of the same period.
It is not until the eleventh century that they appear in the arena of history. The founder of the present royal house, Duke Otto I. But it must be confessed that there is no other kingdom in Germany where religious hatred has raged so furiously against the Jews as Bavaria, and that nowhere else has exceptional legislation against them been so persistently maintained.
In the Bavarian hereditary provinces, where the Jews lived exclusively in cities, they were more frequently exposed to sudden outbreaks of popular fury than in the Franconian bishoprics and free cities; while their existence was comparatively undisturbed in the lowlands, where many Jews lived in the domains of free lords and under their semipatriarchal government. Repeated Massacres and Expulsion.