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Ecopia and Alta Planning + Design Partner to Improve Pedestrian Walkability & Safety Using AI
Ecopia AI
It is estimated that over 89% of the US will live in urban areas by the year 2050, a trend that is on par with many developing countries. This brings massive economic opportunity and cultural impact, but this rapid urbanization also comes with challenges. The rise of emerging technologies like machine learning and artificial intelligence can help communities find solutions for issues such as resource utilization, sustainability, and safety in public utilities, transportation, infrastructure, and the environment. These new technologies can help create foundational data that can be leveraged to enhance public policy and action-oriented decisions. Pedestrian walkability and safety studies that are leveraging the power of AI for Right-of-Way data are an example of an innovative approach that is being used by a rising number of municipalities, cities, regional transportation organizations, and federal agencies.
Need for Digital Twins & Ecopia's Nationwide Right-of-Way Map Data
Today, it is possible to create a digital representation of our physical world at scale and use these 'digital twins' of cities and large areas to make data-backed decisions with far-reaching implications. Over the last 8 years, Ecopia has used its proven proprietary AI-based systems to extract land cover features and building footprints from high-resolution geospatial imagery. Ecopia creates HD Maps that are accurate, comprehensive and up-to-date. These HD maps are embedded into hundreds of customer applications spanning 100+ countries around the world. This includes organizations such as the World Bank, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation amongst others. Given the increasing demand for such accurate, reliable, and up-to-date foundational information, Ecopia has further trained and developed the capabilities of our AI-based systems to generate advanced Right-of-Way transportation maps.
Ecopia's AI-based systems can extract advanced Right-of-Way (RoW) features from high-resolution stereo aerial imagery that leads to insights and better decision making across applications such as:
Improving pedestrian connections and safety
Traffic safety planning
Public works management
Compliance with accessibility requirements
Vision Zero Program support
Ecopia's RoW Extraction Technology can be used to develop high-definition maps of how the existing RoW is allocated from curb to curb. The above sample shows the level of detail extracted Contra Costa County, California.
For example, the South-Eastern Michigan Council of Governments (SEMCOG) conducted a pedestrian mobility analysis across 13 counties which highlights the value Ecopia's maps can bring to government decision-making. You can read more about this project spanning over 5000 square miles here.
Ecopia continues to focus on expanding its engagement with relevant stakeholders across the transportation and infrastructure development ecosystem. Our mission is to ensure that RoW data covering the entirety of the US is readily available in an off-the-shelf manner along with on-demand feature extraction to suit custom requirements. A key aspect of this strategy is to work with city planners, architects, and consultancy organizations that are at the forefront of transportation innovation. This brings us to our partnership with Alta Planning+Design.
Partnering with Alta Planning + Design: Creating Future-ready Communities
Alta Planning + Design is a leading consulting organization focused on providing transportation infrastructure planning and design services that lead to active and healthy communities. Alta works with Ecopia data to inform their understanding of important components of the multimodal infrastructure such as sidewalks and crosswalks. Using this data, Alta is able to provide their clients with high-quality imagery and data at scales and on timelines that are extremely hard to achieve through just aerial review and fieldwork. A diverse set of projects are already benefiting from this, including Safety Routes to School Projects, Countywide Active Transportation Plans, Systemic Safety Analysis, Mobility Plans, and Heat Reduction Studies. Often communities ask Alta what is missing in their understanding of conditions on the ground, and more often than not existing inventories of sidewalks, crosswalks, and other types of multimodal infrastructure are outdated, in hard to use formats, or don't exist. Ecopia provides a compelling way to build digital twins of existing multimodal infrastructure, enabling Alta to identify gaps and improvements that can help communities meet their full potential.
Alta envisions asset information collected by Ecopia's Global Feature Extractions feeding directly into network analysis that can help assess people's access to opportunities not only based on the availability of a facility to use but its quality.
Alta's Civic Analytics practice envisions a future of custom spatial & web tools that build on top of this foundational data, such as Ecopia's extract advanced Right-of-Way (RoW) features. They are already using Ecopia standardized data products to build tools over the extractions so they can efficiently understand the availability and quality of infrastructure and its relationship to street connectivity and access.
Similarly, Alta is focused on how to mitigate the urban heat island effect. Ecopia's cost-effective building and tree cover extractions are important components to understand the dynamics of shade and other factors impacting radiant heat. This can be used to identify countermeasures and tools to cool down streets and improve traveler comfort.
About Alta Planning + Design
Alta Planning + Design is an active transportation company dedicated to creating active, healthy communities through the planning, landscape architecture, engineering, and education/encouragement programs. Alta was founded in 1996 when cities and communities were calling for safer streets for people walking and bicycling as the non-motorized transportation movement developed into a profession in the United States. We pioneered the field of active transportation, evolving our planning and design work into a visionary global practice that empowers people to live active, healthy lives and gets them to where they need to go.
About Ecopia AI
Ecopia leverages AI to convert high-resolution images of our earth into high-definition (HD) Vector Maps. These maps form a digital representation of reality and are embedded into critical decision-making applications, offering unique insight at scale. Ecopia's HD Vector Maps are leveraged for hundreds of commercial and government applications across over 100 countries around the world. For more information, visit www.ecopia.ai or click the link below for a demo.
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08 November 2022, Patzcuaro, Michoacan, Mexico - Armando Gonzalez holds a native species of the region, "the white fish", in Pacanda Island, in the lake of Patzcuaro, Michoacan State, Mexico.
The islands of the lake of Patzcuaro have been a center of the native Purhepecha people who have for generations thrived on fishing as a form of livelihood- the lake supports around 800 fishermen who fish for black sea bass, Patzcuaro chub, trout, perch and white fish or pez blanco (Kurucha Urapiti in Purepecha language) - a sacred endemic species of the lake.
© FAO/Luis Antonio Rojas

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


So, in addition to our ongoing skew issues, we've discovered that our alignment adjustment on the machine itself is doing literally nothing. No matter how we change the values, the printed images do not move on the page at all. Any ideas?


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A partial lunar eclipse took place on Sunday, August 15, 1943. The Moon was strikingly shadowed in this deep partial eclipse which lasted 2 hours and 58 minutes, with 87% of the Moon in darkness at maximum.

Visibility

Related lunar eclipses

Saros series
It is part of Saros series 137.

See also
List of lunar eclipses and List of 21st-century lunar eclipses

External links
 Saros series 137

1943-08
1943 in science

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Classification of Pilonidal Sinus Disease According to Physical Examination, Ultrasonography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings
10.4274/tjcd.galenos.2020.2020-3-9
Mehmet Aykut Yıldırım
Alper Varman
Ömer Karahan
Received Date: 24.03.2020 Accepted Date: 16.04.2020 Turk J Colorectal Dis 2020;30(4):261-267
Video - Image
We could not find a study in the literature based on physical examination findings, ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging in the treatment of pilonidal sinus. In this study, we aimed to accomplish a classification based on clinical findings, ultrasonographic and magnetic resonance to provide objective criteria for diagnosis, treatment, and recurrence follow-up of pilonidal sinus.
This study included patients who presented to Necmettin Erbakan University Meram Medical Faculty, the clinic of general surgery and were diagnosed with pilonidal sinus disease between 2015 and 2016. After receiving medical history, physical examination was carried out. Then magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and ultrasonography (USG) of the patients were ordered, and the relationship of pilonidal sinus with skin, subcutaneous tissues and surrounding were recorded and analyzed. Patients were categorized as 3 groups based on average of the sum of depth and width on MRI and USG imaging. Patients with acute abscess considered as stage 2 according to the navicular region classification were not categorized.
Patients were divided into three groups according to average of the sum of width and depth on USG. It was found that duration of hospitalization, work absence and frequency of operation increased as the mean values increased. Status of being operated was statistically significantly different (p=0.007).
Patients with average of the sum of width and depth on MRI and USG;
Stage 1: <15 mm.
Stage 2: 15-30 mm.
Stage 3: >30 mm.
In conclusion; we obtained a significant classification based on MRI and USG. We concluded that informing the patients classified according to MRI and USG on treatment procedure would be meaningful. This study will guide further studies to be conducted with a larger number of patients.
Keywords: Imaging, classification, pilonidal sinus
Pilonidal sinus (PS) is a common disease in the sacro-coccygeal region that adversely affects the patient's life. The treatment protocol of this disease is very different, and the quality of life can be severely impaired. The aim of this disease is to make the treatment in the earliest and most appropriate way. Unfortunately, there is no common treatment protocol approach in the literature yet.
In the literature, there is no study based on physical examination findings, ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging in the classification of PS. With this study, we aimed to make a classification based on clinical, ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging that will provide objective criteria for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up of PS.
This study covered the patients who were admitted to Necmettin Erbakan University Meram Faculty of Medicine General Surgery Clinic between 2015 and 2016 and were diagnosed as having PS disease (PSD). The study was approved by Necmettin Erbakan University Meram Faculty of Medicine Ethics Committee (Date: 18.09.2015 and number: 2015/331).
Detailed information about the study was given to the patients included in the study and their written consents were obtained. A total of 70 patients participated in the study. Two patients were excluded from the study by their own wills. Demographic information of the patients participating in the study was recorded. Physical examinations were performed. The patients were classified according to the navicular region classification which was based on the physical examination findings and made by Tezel.1
After obtaining the necessary anamnesis information, physical examinations were performed. Afterwards, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and ultrasonography (USG) imaging were performed on the patients, and the relationship of the PS with the skin, subcutaneous tissues and the surrounding tissues was determined and the data were prepared as a single file.
Photographs of the diseased area were taken from the patients who gave permission. Pit numbers were noted. After the imaging, the results of USG and MRI were recorded. The procedure performed on our patients (surgery, conservative approach or abscess drainage), duration of hospital stay and the time to return to work in the postoperative period were recorded. All data were evaluated statistically. MRI and USG results were compared among themselves and with other values.
Statistical analyzes were performed using SPSS version 20 software. Descriptive statistics were summarized as number, percentage, mean and standard deviation. P value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Of the 68 patients participating in our study, 82.4% (n=56) were male and 17.6% (n=12) were female. The mean age of males was 25.89±8.97, while the mean age of females was 23.33±8.15. Of the patients, 42.6% (n=29) were smoking. The sociodemographic characteristics of the patients are given in Table 1.
The distance of the pits in the navicular area to the anus was evaluated. The average distance to the anus of the patients who underwent surgery was 3.09±092 cm, and the average distance to the anus of the non-surgical group was 3.07±0.73 cm. The distance to the anus of the drained group was 3.36±0.92 cm. A relationship between the surgical and non-surgical groups in terms of the distance to the anus could not be determined (p=0.640). There was no correlation between the duration of hospital stay and the proximity of PSD to the anus (p=0.485, r=0.086).
While 63.2% (n=43) of the patients were hospitalized and operated, a conservative approach was preferred in 20.6% (n=14) of them. Drainage was applied to 16.2% (n=11) of PS abscess (these patients were evaluated as stage 2 in the Tezel classification). The interventions performed in the patients are shown in Table 2. No statistically significant correlation was found between smoking status and status of undergoing surgery (p=0.058). No relationship was found between the smoking status of the patients and duration of hospital stay and the time to return work in the patients who underwent surgery (p=0.216, p=0.351).
According to the Tezel classification based on the physical examination, 44.1% of the patients were in stage 3, 17.6% in stage 1, 14.7% in stage 2, 14.7% in stage 4, and 7.4% in stage 5. The clinical characteristics and stagings of the patients are given in Table 3.
The depth and width ratios of the groups measured by MRI and USG that underwent surgery, conservative approach and drainage are given in Table 4. There was a significant difference between the groups in terms of width and depth of lesion measured in MRI and width and depth of lesion measured in USG (p=0.018, p=0.008, p=0.006, p=0.002).
Duration of hospital stay and time to return work of the patients are given in Table 5. There was a statistically significant difference between the Tezel stages of the patients in terms of duration of hospitalization and time to return work (p<0.001).
Drainage was applied in stage 2 patients due to abscesses. Surgery was performed in 30.8% (n=4) of stage 1 patients, 83.3% (n=25) of stage 3 patients, 90% (n=9) of stage 4 patients, and 100% (n=5) of stage 5 patients. As the stage increased, the increase in surgical intervention was found to be statistically significant (p=0.001) (Table 6).
The patients were categorized in 3 groups by taking the average of the depth and width sum of lesion in MRI and USG imaging (Figures 1,2,3,4). In this grouping, patients with acute abscess accepted as having stage 2 according to Tezel classification were excluded from the category.
The patients were divided into 3 groups according to the average of the total length and width of lesion in MRI: Group 1 between 0-15 mm, group 2 between 15.1-30 mm, and group 3 >30 mm. Surgery was performed in 45% (n=9) of group 1, 90% (n=27) of group 2, and 100% (n=7) of group 3 (p<0.001) (Table 7). The duration of hospitalization and the situation of not returning to work increased significantly from group 1 to group 3 (p<0.001).
The patients were divided into 3 groups according to the average of the total length and width of lesion in USG imaging: Group 1 between 0-15 mm, group 2 between 15.1-30 mm, and group 3 >30 mm. Surgery was performed in 52.4% (n=11) of group 1, 86.7% (n=26) of group 2, and 100% (n=6) of group 3. Surgical intervention status was found to be statistically significantly different (p=0.007) (Table 8). Again, from group 1 to group 3, the duration of hospitalization and period of not returning to work increased significantly (p<0.001).
Although PSD is seen as a simple disease, it emerges as a disease with increasing frequency in the population.2 Some surgeons prefer conservative methods in patients on the grounds that relapse is less, and some surgeons prefer based on hospitalization and time to return to work.3,4 It is obvious that PSD is an important disease due to its frequent postoperative complications and relapses, the long duration of care, and the prolonged period of not returning to work.5
PSD is a chronic inflammatory disease that occurs in the intergluteal region. The disease often affects the population aged 15-35 years. It is seen 3-4 times more frequently in men than women.6,7,8 In a study conducted by Kuvvetli et al.9, the female/male ratio was found to be 1/5.6. In our study, 82.4% of the patients were male and 17.6% were female. The mean age was 24 years which was in line with the literature.
There was no study in the literature conducted to search for the relationship between smoking and the frequency of the disease. In some studies, it has been suggested that smoking causes complications seen in the early period since it causes hypoxia in peripheral tissues.10 In our study, the rate of smoking in our patients was 42.6%. No significant relationship was found between the disease and smoking.
Toker et al.11 reported that 67% of the patients were dark-skinned in their study.11 In our study, in line with the literatüre, 64.7% of our patients were dark-skinned and 35.3% were light-skinned.
In a study it was found that the average distance of the sinus pits to the anal wedge was 5 cm.12 In our study, it was 3.2 cm.
In cases such as perianal fistula where determination of fistula tract is required, MRI has become a method used in almost all surgical clinics.14 In our study, we performed MRI and USG imaging for our patients in order to visualize the PS tract under the skin and to determine the treatment procedure accordingly. In our study, the distance (depth) of the lesion from the skin and its course (width) in parallel under the skin were evaluated with MRI and USG. No additional meaningful evaluation data were found for the presacral fascia and surrounding tissues. It was observed that as the depth of the lesion in MRI increased, the depth of the lesion in USG increased and the width of the lesion in USG increased as the width of the lesion in MRI increased. However, unlike USG, MRI provided better image quality, easier interpretation and clearer information in terms of differential diagnosis.
When we examined the MRI and USG images, no relation was found between the patient's age and the depth or width of the lesion in MRI, and the depth or width of the lesion in USG.
According to the classification made by Tezel1, patients with stage 4 disease had more pits and their pits were outside of the gluteal cleft, so depth and width of the lesion in MRI and USG were found to have higher values than other stages in this group.1 The details of the classification by Tezel1 are available in Table 9. We think that preoperative MRI and USG examinations will be valuable in patients whose pits are outside the gluteal region.
We observed that the rate of undergoing surgery, the duration of hospital stay and the period of not returning to work increased from group 1 to group 3 in patients who were categorized based on the the depth and width of the lesion in MRI and USG. Patients with PSD with acute abscess were not included in this category due to undergoing drainage procedure and then conservative or surgical procedures for PSD.
When the treatments we applied in the patients were evaluated, it was seen that we performed more surgical procedure instead of conservative treatment in patients with lesions with high depth and width in MRI and USG. It was observed that the depth and width of the lesion in MRI and USG in the patients who were treated conservatively were significantly less than the others. This shows that MRI and USG imaging to be performed during treatment planning may be important in determining the appropriate treatment protocol to be applied to the patient.
The study by Sözen15 showed that the longer the hospital stay, the longer the time to return to work. When we examined the MRI and USG values of patients with a long hospital stay and patients with long period of not returning to work, we found that as the depth and width of the lesion in MRI and USG increased, the duration of hospitalization and the period of not returning to work increased. While doing this evaluation, we excluded the patients at stage 2 in Tezel classification. We observed that patients with stage 5 disease had smaller lesions in MRI and USG compared to patients with stage 4 disease and parallel to this, the duration of hospital stay was shorter. Based on this data, we observed that performing an imaging before starting PSD treatment was important both in terms of the course of the treatment and informing the patient in the postoperative period.
When the staging performed by Tezel1 based on the navicular region was compared with the MRI and USG data, it was observed that the depth and width of the lesion in MRI and USG increased in parallel with increase in stage. However, it was observed that MRI and USG values were lower in patients with stage 5 compared to stage 4. It was observed that the duration of hospital stay was shorter in patients with stage 5 than in patients with stage 4. Although patients with stage 5 were accepted as having relapse, it was thought that the prognosis might be worse in stage 4. It was thought that using imaging studies for staging in evaluating the prognosis of patients with PSD would be more meaningful.
In the study by Harlak et al.13, the average number of pits was reported as 2.71. In our study, it was 1.92. We could not obtain significant findings in imaging in some of our patients who had an average number of pits below 2 and did not have complex findings in physical examination. However, in patients who appeared to be at a more advanced stage on physical examination (those with a high number of pits outside the gluteal cleft, those with recurrent PSD, etc.), the imaging to be performed would determine the method of treatment and would predict the duration of hospitalization and period of not returning to work if surgery was to be performed. When we examined the number of pits and MRI and USG values, it was observed that as the number of pits increased, the depth of lesion in MRI and USG increased. It was concluded that MRI and USG examinations might be more meaningful in patients with more than 2 pits.
Evaluating patients with PSD only with a physical examination does not provide sufficient information about the course of the disease under the skin, and this does not provide an opportunity to make a treatment decision and does not predict the outcome of the disease.
As the average of depth and width of lesion in imagings increases, the rate of performing surgical treatment increases. Parallel to this, the length of stay in the hospital and the duration of not returning to work are also increasing.
Although MRI is valuable in terms of image quality and in differential diagnosis, we think that USG is as effective as MRI, and it is convenient and practical in imaging the disease. We collected MRI and USG values in the same category while doing our own staging. In the light of the data we have obtained, we suggest a staging that can give an idea about appropriate treatment method to be preferred and about the prognosis of the disease. It is possible to create a more realistic and close to ideal staging with multi-center and large population studies.
Classification of PSD without acute abscess according to the average depth and width of lesion in MRI or USG:
Stage 1: Patients whose mean depth and width of lesion in MRI or USG are less than 15 mm (we recommend conservative treatment in this group).
Stage 2: Patients whose mean depth and width of lesion in MRI or USG are between 15-30 mm. (Conservative approach should be considered primarily in this group.)
Stage 3: Patients whose mean depth and width of lesion is above 30 mm in MRI or USG. (Surgical treatment will be more appropriate in this group of patients with a large lesion.)
Ethics Committee Approval: The study was approved by Necmettin Erbakan University Meram Faculty of Medicine Ethics Committee (Date: 18.09.2015 and number: 2015/331).
Informed Consent: Detailed information about the study was given to the patients included in the study and their written consents were obtained.
Peer-review: Externally and internally peer reviewed.
Authorship Contributions
Surgical and Medical Practices: Y.Y., A.V., Ö.K., Concept: Y.Y., Ö.K., Design: M.A.Y., Ö.K., Data Collection or Processing: Y.Y., M.Ç., Analysis or Interpretation: M.A.Y., A.V., Literature Search: Y.Y., M.Ç., Writing: M.A.Y., A.V.
Conflict of Interest: No conflict of interest was declared by the authors.
Financial Disclosure: The authors declared that this study received no financial support.
Figure 1. A) View of sinus extensi...
A) Axial T1 sequence ...
Figure 3. A) Patient with pilonida...
Figure 4. A) Axial T1 sequence on ...
Table 1. Demographic data
Table 2. Treatment choices
Table 3. Stage, operation and outcomes of patie...
Table 4. Comparison of MRI and USG measurements...
Table 5. Evaluation of MRI and USG by staging
Table 6. Treatment options by staging
Table 7. Evaluation according to average of dep...
Table 8. Evaluation according to average depth ...
Table 9. Classification according to navicular ...
Tezel E. A new classification according to naviculararea concept for sacrococcygeal pilonidal disease.Colorectal Dis 2007;9:575-576.
Karahan o,pilonidal sinüs ameliyatlarındaki artış normal mi? Ulusal Cerrahi Derg 2010; 26:207-211.
Attaallah W, Coşkın Ş, Coşkun M, Solmaz A, Yeğen C, Gençosmanoğlu R. The ımpact of crystalline phenol application as a minimal ınvasive treatment modality for pilonidal sinus disease. Turk J Colorectal Dis 2015;25:28-33.
Sondenaa K, Nesvik I. Recurrent pilonidal sinus after excision with closed or open treatment: final result of a randomized trial. Eur J Surg 1996;162:237-240.
Isbister WH, Prasad J. Pilonidal disease. ANZ J Surg 1995;65:561-563.
McCallum I, King PM, Bruce J. Healing by primary versus secondary intention after surgical treatment for pilonidal sinus. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2007;17:CD006213.
Çubukçu A, Çubukçu D. [Pilonidal disease]. Çağdaş Cerrahi Derg 2002;16:234-238.
Ertan T, Koc M, Gocmen E, Aslar AK, Keskek M, Kilic M. Does technique alter quality of life after pilonidal sinus surgery? Am J Surg 2005;190:388-392.
Kuvvetli A, Çetinkunar S, Parlakgümüş A, Evaluation of etiological risk factors in the development of adult chronic pilonidal disease. Turk J Colorectal Dis 2019;29:75-77.
Jensen JA, Goodson WH, Hopf HW, Hunt TK. Cigarette smoking decreases tissue oxygen.Arch Surg 1991;126:1131-1134.
Toker M. Pilonidal sinüslü hastalarda prognostik faktörler ve uygulanan tedavilerin morbiditeye etkileri, 2009. Available from: http://acikerisim.dicle.edu.tr/xmlui/bitstream/handle/11468/1683/Pilonidal%20sin%C3%BCsl%C3%BC%20hastalarda%20prognostik%20fakt%C3%B6rler%20ve%20uygulanan%20tedavilerin%20morbiditeye%20etkileri.pdf?sequence=1
Hamaloğlu E, Yorgancı K. Pilonidal sinüs. Temel cerrahi'de. ed: Sayek İ. Ankara:Güneş Kitapevi 2004:126;1273.
Harlak A, Menteş Ö, Özer M, Ersöz N,Coşkun A. Evaluation of History and Physical Examination Data of 587 Patients with Sacrococsigeal Pilonidal Disease. Eurasian J Med 2006;38:103-106.
de Miguel Criado J, del Salto LG, Rivas PF, del Hoyo LF, Velasco LG, de las Vacas MI, Sanz AGM, Paradela MM, Moreno EF. MR imaging evaluation of perianal fistulas: spectrum of imaging features. Radiographics 2012;32:175-194.
Sözen M. Sakrokoksigeal pilonidal sinüs cerrahi tedavisinde karydakis flep ile limberg flep ameliyat sonuçlarının karşılaştırılması. Ulusal Cerrahi Derg 2010;:153-156.
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Imaging classification pilonidal sinus


The range of gap sealants, and manufacturers, is huge. There is a sealant to do any gap sealing job in any material. Many sealants are low- or zero-VOC, most are paintable and flexible, and many are suitable for outdoor extremes.
As we head towards winter, draughts can make your home far less comfortable than it should be. Lance Turner looks at options for sealing up your home for a cosier cold season.
It is generally recognised that unwanted draughts in a home make the home perform poorly thermally, compared to a home that is well sealed. With airflows into and out of a home, energy also flows due to the temperature differences between the interior air and the air outdoors. In summer, air flowing into a home can heat it up, while in winter, warm air flowing out of a home is replaced with cold air, cooling the home and making heating work harder (and cost more to run).
There are desirable draughts, which are usually controllable, such as when you open windows at the end of a hot day to vent out accumulated heat, and there are undesirable draughts, which you have no immediate control over. Generally speaking, unwanted draughts can be caused by gaps between building components or around built-in appliances and equipment such as lighting (particularly recessed downlights).
A home's level of airtightness is rated in the number of air changes per hour that occur when there is a 50 Pa (pascals, a mere 0.007 psi in the old measurements) difference in air pressure between the indoor pressure and that outside. The ultimate sealing standard for homes is the Passive House standard, which allows for no more than 0.6 ACH50 (air changes per hour at a pressure differential of 50 Pa). This is an extremely tight standard, and very few homes meet (or indeed should meet) this standard. In Australia, the average home is more likely to be 20 ACH50 or worse.
So how airtight should your home be? For most homes, to maintain an acceptable level of comfort without requiring excessive heating or cooling (assuming the house is also correctly insulated, orientated and shaded), an airtightness of 5 ACH50 is enough, with few Australian homes reaching this level. See box for more on testing airtightness.
There are many reasons to seal gaps in a building envelope. The first, as mentioned, is to keep conditioned air where it belongs: inside the home. This reduces air conditioning (heating and cooling) energy use and bills, but also reduces other negative effects of excessive air leakage that may not be immediately obvious.
For example, in winter, draughts can reduce the comfort of a home by making you feel cold, even in a heated home. You may not feel the draughts, but cold air pools at floor level (cold air is denser and hence heavier than warm air) and so can result in cold feet and a general feeling of being cold. This is known as stratification, where differing air temperatures form into layers. This can be particularly noticeable in winter if you have warm air coming from ceiling ducts or high-mounted reverse-cycle air conditioners.
Severe air leakage can even result in noticeable air movement inside the home, such as feeling a cold breeze inside the home when it is cold and windy outside. Wind pressure can force considerable amounts of air through even small gaps and can result in a very uncomfortable home in severe winter conditions.
The incoming air may also bring in more or less humidity than desired, making the home uncomfortably humid, or excessively dry.
Air leaks also let in more than just air, bringing dust, pollen and other pollutants into the home. Large enough gaps can even let in insects, spiders and small critters such as mice.
Gaps also let in something else that can affect health and wellbeing: noise. More noise creates more stress, especially noise that is particularly undesirable, such as traffic or construction site noise. Sealing gaps can help reduce indoor noise levels.
Draughts can also affect the operation of thermostats. For example, a cold draught near a thermostat can make the thermostat run the heating more than needed, overheating other parts of the home.
So, you are tired of living in a cold home in winter (or a hot home in summer) and want to start sealing gaps. But where are they, and how do you find them?
along skirtings, cornices and trims, where these mouldings are often just nailed on or held in place with a few blobs of glue. This is particularly a problem for older homes with uneven walls, ceilings and floors.
between floorboards, especially in older homes that don't have tongue-and-groove boards. The sheer area of a wooden floor can make for a vast area for air infiltration.
wall air vents. These are usually found in older homes and are now generally considered unnecessary due to the elimination of most open-flued gas heaters and open fireplaces. They can leak a considerable amount of air, as indeed they were designed to do!
dog and cat doors. These usually have minimal or no seals, and so allow considerable air ingress.
Airtightness testing on homes is done using a blower door test (en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blower_door). This involves closing all windows and doors, and running a special blower fan that has been sealed into one doorway or window for the test (see photo).
The blower is run to produce a pressure differential between indoor and outdoor pressure of 50 pascal (Pa). The rate of air flow out of or into the house at this differential gives the airtightness rating of the house, as an air changes per hour figure. For example, if air exits the house envelope at a rate that would turn over all the air in the home 5 times every hour, then the rating would be 5 ACH50.
From the rate of airflow measured by the blower door test, the effective leakage area can be calculated, allowing leakage at other pressure differentials to also be determined. A 'normalised' pressure (typical of air leakage for low-rise buildings) is around the ACH50 rating divided by 20 (bit.ly/2SMRtQm). Different normalised standards are used in different countries, and apply in different situations, so there is no simple conversion between ACH50 ratings and typical ACH figures. As an example of the complexity of airtightness testing, read AIRAH's document 'Air Tightness Metrics to Improve Australian Building Envelope Integrity' (bit.ly/2tP4ajJ).
While some gaps are obvious because you can see them, others are less so. There are a few ways you can detect leaks, but one simple one is to close all windows and doors, turn off any air conditioning but turn on any exhaust fans that vent to the outside (the fan will have a vent grille on the wall or cap on the roof if it vents outside) to create negative pressure inside the home which will draw in outside air through any gaps. Then wander around the house with a lit incense stick (or some thin strips of tissue paper on a stick or coat hanger) running it along skirtings, windows and door frames and anywhere else there are joins in the building envelope. Draughts will be visible in the smoke as incoming air pushes the smoke back into the room. This method is a good start, but also check out the Your Home website at yourhome.gov.au/passive-design/sealing-your-home for more tips.
There's much more in the full buyers guide! Find it in Renew 147.
The full guide includes 6 pages of how-tos on how to seal doors, windows, 'fixed' gaps, floorboards, appliances and chimneys. Plus what can renters do, what you should think about before building or renovating, sourcing help to draught seal your home and a list of suppliers of sealants and draught sealing products.


VA COMPROMISE SALE**MOTIVATED SELLER**Beautiful, 4 BR/3 BA home, over 3100 sq ft, in Northwest Crestview located in the quiet Nanterre Estates community. Large corner lot w/side entry garage. This home has decorative brick exterior w/columns and a large front porch-- perfect for relaxing - just bring the rocking chairs!! The sidewalks, street lights & mailboxes add additional charm. Walk into a large entry way, office/den to right, dining and into a HUGE family room with electric fireplace, vaulted ceilings with surround sound wiring. CALLING ALL COOKS to this awesome kitchen-- plenty of cabinet & counter space, under cabinet lighting, granite countertops, desk area and center island as well as bar area for a quick bite instead of using the main breakfast area.
Listing courtesy of Allegiance Real Estate Service.


Gemmy crystals of Fluorite are aesthetically scattered and clustered over a dome shaped Baryte, from the Derbyshire orefield. The crystals of Fluorite measure to an average of 5mm on edge. Faint purple edged phantoms can be seen, imparting a tint of purple to the crystals. Crystals of micro-Pyrite are scattered through and on the Fluorite crystals, and on the cockscomb chalky white Baryte matrix.


The online piracy issue , May 2012, by Giannis Maroudas (file.pdf - content in greek).
The Scriptwriters Guild of Greece thanks all the creators who trust their works in the service of scripts registration and announces that from now on the registration holds for a lifetime and not only for ten years that used to durate.
The Scriptwriters Guild of Greece has just announced the creation of the brand new "Screenplays Registration" department, at the guild's annual New Year celebration which took place at AGIRA publications. The Scriptwriters Guild of Greece, give now the opportunity to writers, to register their scripts at the renewed website of the guild.
The Scriptwriters' Guild of Greece participated in the summit of the World Cinema Alliance which took place in Krakow (September 11th to 13th 2008).


The McNees Public Finance & Government Services Group is a team of accomplished lawyers from various practice areas with the experience to provide specialized legal services to government entities at all levels. State agencies, political subdivisions, school districts, municipalities, and authorities turn to McNees attorneys for comprehensive, responsive advice regarding the complex legal issues and challenges they face.
Our public finance representation includes roles as bond counsel, underwriter's counsel, disclosure counsel, special tax counsel, trustee's counsel and counsel to issuers. As bond counsel, we embrace our role as "advisor" to the issuer under Rule 2.1 of the Rules of Professional Conduct. We are there to protect the issuer to the best of our ability and to provide the issuer with direct and practical advice on what the issuer can or should do. Our local government bond counsel clients include many counties, cities, boroughs, townships, school districts and authorities across Pennsylvania.
In our government services representations, we partner with solicitors, officials, managers, auditors and financial advisors to identify practical, cost-effective solutions to difficult legal issues. We regularly advise boroughs, townships, cities, counties, authorities, school districts and other government agencies on complex legal issues, such as the potential sale or lease of municipal assets, environmental and related regulatory issues, internal complaint investigations that require independence, complicated debt restructurings, costly litigation, or any other significant, complex legal issue.
We understand the practical challenges facing elected and appointed officials and that public entities at all levels operate within a heavily regulated and complex legal framework. Other law firms may view these challenges from within a single practice area, but we take a comprehensive, strategic approach, drawing on the collective knowledge and experience of our lawyers across practice areas.
Our Clients First approach is always paramount. We pride ourselves on responsive, quality advice and counsel. Before joining McNees, many of our government services lawyers had successful careers in-house at the state, county or municipal level or within agencies where many issues are decided, so they have an in-depth understanding of the different needs of each of our clients and the issues that are important to them.
Our cross-functional government services team focuses on complex legal issues in the areas of Education, Energy & Environmental Law, Labor & Employment, Litigation, Privacy & Data Security, Real Estate, and Software & Technology Licensing.


Sarah Weaver wasn't looking forward to starting at an all-girls school. But that was before she met Maddy. Maddy and her best friend, Agnes, are fun and rich and interesting—and for some reason, they seem to really like Sarah. Before long, Maddy and Agnes have moved Sarah into a big house off campus, where they cook together, buy each other presents, and share each other's secrets. So why does Sarah feel like something's bizarrely wrong? As more and more cracks start to show in Maddy's and Agnes's perfect veneers, Sarah notices some strange and disturbing things: Maddy's compulsive lying, Agnes's obsession with Maddy, and the deterioration of their friendship. And just when Sarah begins to question her own sanity, things turns deadly.
What a strange book. I picked it up because the title is just thrilling...is it not? If it has a genre it would probably be suspenseful gothic. Kind of like a Mean Girls/Jane Eyre/Rose Red combination if you will. It wasn't quite paranormal, wasn't quite mystery. Other than one spell, a séance, and getting their palms read by a gypsy, there was really no magical elements to it. It was just entirely too creepy. The plot kept you guessing as tho who did what, who said what...wait, she did THAT?!? all the way unil the last chapter.
There is this intense undercurrent of malice and threat in the book, while at the same time, there is a powerful sense of love and longing between all three main characters Maddy, Agnes and Sarah. It was so dramatic and eerie, I found myself being drawn in almost at once. Sarah, the actual main character, was a little cynical, but she wasn't obnoxious about it like some characters are. She had some pretty funny/accurate things to say about college life.
The characters had to be the best part of the story. There wasn't all too much goin on plot-wise, other than figuring out who these crazy girls are. Maddy seriously has to be the most manipulative, malicious, posessing villain/friend ever. She is a true definition of a frenemy. She is so engaging and entrancing with her pep and beauty, but theres something devious and terrifying hidden in her eyes. She is a confirmed pathological liar, yet she has both Agnes and Sarah captured in her crazy game of love and hate. I thought the way that Agnes was so pathetically enraptured by Maddy was relatively disgusting. It reminded me of those annoying couples that you see all around who are just hanging on each other and just looking at them makes you feel like you're choking on sugar and puppies. Agnes was obsessed in a way that makes captain ahab's search for the white whale look like a spontaneous pleasure cruise. It was eerie the way that Agnes and Maddie coo'ed at each other. I totally get that. Sometimes, especially when talking to someone you really REALLY like, you get this weird baby voice going on. I'm not talking about actual baby talk, but maybe your voice gets all soft and dreamy and light...who knows how that came about, but I know I'm guilty of it. My friends always know when my friend/ex/love of my life calls because my voice gets all soft and mellow when normally I'm 100%loud and obnoxious all time.
There were a few parts and characters that seemed pretty irrelevant and felt like they were only there to take up space but overall it was an interesting, twisted, dark, relatively scary good read. I enjoyed it and am intrigued enough by it to read anything else by the author because she had a very surreal writing style that had this hard edge of realism to it that I haven't really seen before. I will give the book a 7/10. It was interesting, original and different. I wish I would have connected with the characters a little more and then I could rate it even higher, but it was a good book.
Fabulous. See Y'all later. I've gotta go run errands...then drink copious amounts of alcohol because the guy I've been in love with since I started highschool just got engaged to a girl he's been dating less than 3 months... so...yeah.
Cheers loves! Send me a drink in spirt!
I have like been seriously DYING TO READ this book for a while now. It looks like it's going to be a really great book. I've heard some good things about it, some mixed bag but mostly really good positive reviews.
I can't decide whether to like this book or not...and I read it 2 months ago.


Casey's stocks a wide variety of chemicals for both home and garden as well as many organic alternatives.
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We carry a full line of fertilizers for lawns, vegetable gardens, trees and shrubs as well as specific fertilizers for tomatoes, azaleas, roses, bulbs, and many other outdoor plants. Our indoor fertilizers include general houseplant, African violet, orchid, gardenia, and bonsai as well as hydroponic. Brands include Scotts, Miracle-Gro, Fox Farm, Dr. Earth and more.
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text:
PROCEEDINGS of the EARL OF ESSEX.
109 - Lambeth Palace Library
MSS - Manuscripts
Carew Manuscript
Catalogue description PROCEEDINGS of the EARL OF ESSEX.
This record is held by Lambeth Palace Library
Details of
"A Journal of the Occurrences of the Camp from the 21st of May until the last of the same month, and thence continued till the 22nd of June 1599."
On Monday, 21 May, the Lord Lieutenant returned to the camp, attended on by the same troop of horse which before accompanied him to Kilkenny. On the 22nd he marched forwards towards Munster, and lodged at night in a small village called Claynbroghan. On the 23rd he removed to Clumell, on the Shoure (Suir), where the army rested that day and the next, to refresh themselves and to wait for the coming of cannon and munition from Waterford. His Lordship, with a troop of horse, went to meet the companies from Waterford, whose rendezvous he had assigned about two miles beneath the town, near a castle called Darrilayrie, belonging to the Lord of Cahir, but held by the rebels.
Upon the arrival of these forces his Lordship summoned the castle, which is seated on the Shoure and commands the passage by boat from Clumell to Waterford. The rebels surrendered, and were pardoned. A ward of 30 soldiers of Captain Clare's company was left there.
On the morrow (25th) his Lordship caused the vanguard and the battayle to march towards a fair green within a mile of the town. "Himself went to the Key, and used all possible diligence for hastening after the artillery, being one cannon and one culverin; howbeit, because the bridges, where of force it was to pass, were weak, and all things necessary for the quick repairing of them wholly wanted, he was constrained to leave it behind, with order for the guarding and conducting of it by the rearguard, with the help of some few horse; and, for the lack of draught-horses, it should be drawn by force of men's hands; which the day following was accordingly performed."
His Lordship overtook the vanguard, and caused them to stay one English mile short of the castle of Cahir, the chief house of Thomas Butler, Lord of Cahir, a place of greater strength than any in this kingdom, and of great consequence, "being a passage upon the river, a cover for the best part of the co. of Tipperary, and a near neighbour to the White Knight's country, to the Burckes' country (called Clanwilliam and Muskery), and to Arlo, the principal fastness which the rebels of Munster have." It is strong by nature, being seated on a main rock in an island in the river. "Southward it hath a great bawne, compassed with an high stone wall, which (besides those of the castle) hath two flankers in itself; and (after you have gained the bawne) another strong stone wall ere you come to the house. On the north side you have two great square towers, which flank both one another, and the curtain betwixt them, being all seated on the highest and most inaccessible part of the rock. On the west side run two deep streams, of force to be passed ere you come to the castle; a fauxmoore also at the foot of the rock; and withal the flanks of the castle and one of the bawne, which lie very commodiously to beat on any approaches that way. On the east side there lieth (besides the stream) a main rock, as on all sides else; the flank of the bawne and of the square towers of the castle within; another fauxmure, which covereth the port of the bawne; a great round tower that comes out of the body of the castle into the bawne as a bulwark; and a small low round tower at the foot of the rock and end of the fauxmoore, which flanketh both the castle and bawne, and standeth almost in the nature of a little casamatte."
The Lord Cahir should have yielded this castle upon the approach of this army, according to his submission and his word sundry times given to the Lord Lieutenant. He was charged by his Lordship at Clumell with having received strangers into his castle, who wished to make a party for the White Knight, and against the delivery of the place; but his brother, who was in it, sent word that none were in it but his own kinsmen and followers, and that it should be surrendered the next day. Thereupon the Lord Lieutenant sent him with Sir Henry Davers to draw forth his brother and the ward, and to admit the garrison appointed to hold it. But Davers returned with assurance that the castle would be obstinately defended, "adding that Cahir himself was insolently and disgracefully used by those who came out to parley."
The Lord Lieutenant called to Council the Earl of Ormond, the Marshal (Bingham), Sir George Bourchier, Sir Warham St. Leger, and the Sergeant-Major, to consider what means he had to force the place. Finding his means very scarce, he sent for more munitions from Waterford, and ordered victuals to be daily supplied by the towns thereabouts. He also sent letters to the lords of countries adjoining for beoves.
"Moreover, he called again for the Lord Cahir, and in presence of his brother-[in]-law, the Viscount Montgarrett, laid before him the greatness of his fault in falsifying his word, .... assuring him withal, that, howsoever he and his complices might hold the place invincible, yet his Lordship was resolved not to depart thence till he had reduced it, ... which so moved him that immediately he sued for licence to parley once again with the castle." Cahir's negotiation proved fruitless.
The whole of the army was lodged next day on the east side of the river, because, if it had been divided, the rebel force (about 5,000) might have attacked either part. At night the Lord Lieutenant went to view the castle. "A trench was that night cast up within 50 paces of the castle, and there a platform made for the cannon. Gabyons were also set up and filled, to cover the gunners. The culverin was placed somewhat further off, where it might see more of the flanks of the castle, and so beat down their sights. The next day, in the morning, the cannon and culverin began to play; but the cannon's carriage brake at the second shot, and could not be repaired in a day and a half. The culverin was for a while cloyed with a bullet, but, being cleared, it shot that day some 50 shot, so that the rebels scarcely durst keep in any tower, or fight on that side."
At evening the Lord Lieutenant, finding the rebels went in and out of the castle at their pleasures, sent 300 men under Captains Brett and Chamberlayne to take possession of its "orcheyearde;" Sir Thomas Gates to second them, and the Marshal to see them intrenched. This was effected with small loss, but Captain Brett was slain. Had the enemy resolutely defended this orchard, 40 men might easily have held out against 4,000, as it is intrenched by the river, and was strongly "plashed" within. As, however, the rebels next day sent in a succour of 40 or 50 men, and drew out some that were least serviceable, the Lord Lieutenant took possession of an island, and contrived to victual his men there by putting boats a little down the river, and thence carrying them on men's backs above the castle, and so putting them again down the stream. The culverin was then drawn down nearer, and next morning both it and the cannon played all the day long, and great breaches were made. The engineers were ordered to make ready ladders, scaffolds, and "sowes," that our men, in climbing up, might be protected from stones and whatever else might be cast down upon them; and the chief petarryer to make ready his petars to play upon the wall, where a sap was to be made. In case either attempt took effect, Sir Charles Percy with four old companies and two colonels were directed to make an assault. In the night the rebels attempted to save their lives by sally, but they were so well received by Sir Charles Percie and Sir Christopher St. Lawrence that very few escaped, and those only by swimming. The castle was immediately entered, the cannon and culverin drawn into it, and the breaches repaired. Captain George Carye, who had been wounded in the face, was left in command of it with his company of 100 foot.
On 31st May the army dislodged, and encamped that night near the abbey of Athashell. Being unable to pass the Shouer by reason of the great rain, his Lordship spent a day in repairing the bridge at Colan, over which the army passed, and that night lodged a mile from Tipperary.
We received a letter from Sir Thomas Norries, Lord President of Munster, showing that in his march from Buttivan he had killed 50 rebels of the sept of the Burghes, and forced others to fly to a bog; and that he was hurt in the head with a pike. "The next morning his Lordship, accompanied with 200 horse, went to see him at the hospital, seven miles from his own quarter, and the same night met again with the army at Cullin-Agony." On 4th June his Lordship reached Limerick, where the President came to him.
While in Limerick the Lord President was advertised of the distress of the castle of Askeyton, anciently the chief house of the Earl of Desmond, lying in the midst of the rebels in Conelo. He resolved in person to revictual it, as the pretended Earl of Desmond had solemnly vowed to impeach our passage. We departed on Friday, 8th June. His Lordship despatched the Governor of Connaught (Clifford) and the Earl of Clanricarde to their charges. The army marched that day to Adare, a town of the Earl of Kildare's, in the midst of woods and bogs. Here the pretended Desmond with his Connaught men and "bonaughts" presented themselves, betwixt 2,000 and 3,000 men, with five or six ensigns flying, but did not prevent us from crossing the bridge. Seven of our companies were lodged in an old abbey there. Next morning, being exactly informed of the way by the guides, we entered a pass a quarter of a mile long. "When the Lord Lieutenant, accompanied with the Marshal (Bingham) and the Earl of Thomond, who that day led the forlorn hope, entered the mouth of the pass, they (the rebels) discharged at him a volley of shot." After some skirmishing we got through the pass, and through the wood at the end of it. Our soldiers "went so coldly on" at first that his Lordship was forced to reproach their baseness. The rebels lost 100 of their Connaught men, while not above six of ours were slain, and some 20 hurt. We then marched to Cappaghe, two miles from Askeyton, upon the river Dyle.
"The next day, being Sabbath day, his Lordship gave order for divine service and sermons to be made in every quarter." After dinner he went to Askeiton, to see the entering of the victuals sent by boat from Lymbrick. The enemy, who had blocked up the river, dislodged upon the approach of our army. Returning to the camp he passed the Dyle, and lodged at Calloughe. He received advice that the bastard who now pretends to be McCarty Moore and the Lord McMorris were come with all their forces to James FitzThomas, who lay within two miles of our quarters, and that the next day they resolved to fight with the army.
The Lord Lieutenant consulted his guides about the way he was to pass, and next day, 11th June, marched forward. Lord Grey, who commanded the vanguard of horse, discovered the rebels, and advanced so far that Mr. Markeham was shot through the cheek. Then the rebels, out of a great wood, began to skirmish with our vanguard, and attempted to beat in our wings of shot. The Lord Lieutenant called off all his men, and thus drew the rebel from his strength. The rebels were then beaten back into the wood, with their ambuscades, and many of their men killed. Sir Henry Norries and Captain Jennyngs were shot. When Sir H. Norryes was hurt, the Earl of Southampton led on that troop of horse. The Marshal, the Sergeant-Major, Sir Thomas Jermyn, and Sir Alexander Radcliffe did good service. We then marched on without let; but "the enemy still breathed out great vaunts of wonders they would do, especially at another place of far more straightness and advantage to them, which within a mile we were to pass." This night we encamped by Crumme, "a principal castle of the Earls of Kildare, standing, as Adare, upon the May."
On 12th June the Lord Lieutenant left the army at the Broughe, and went to Killmalloughe with the Earl of Ormond, the Marshal, the Master of the Ordnance, and Sir Warram St. Leger. He there met the President of Munster (who had been left at Limerick), and consulted with him and the above-named councillor how the army might be provided with victual and munition, and where it would be fittest for him to divide his forces and part with the President of Munster. "The present difficulties of the army forced him to make these propositions; for he well knew that all the money which had been in the Vice-Treasurer's hands was already issued; that there was no magazine, no remnant of any kind of victual of her Majesty's store; that those few cows which were left would be eaten in two days;" that little help could be expected from Killmallough; and there was hardly enough munition for three days.
These points were answered thus. In returning, his Lordship might make choice of three ways, "either from Killmaloughe through the county of Tipperary, and so over the Souer at Colan bridge (lately repaired by his Lordship); or the White Knight's country, called Clangibbon, and thence to Calyyr and Clumell; or through part of the Lord Roche's country, and the country of Patrick Conder, and so to Coneigh, the pretended Earl's castle (a place which he had strongly guarded, as being his chief mansion house, and in the strength whereof he reposed especial trust), and so to Leixmore, whence he might either over the mountains pass to Clumell, or by Dungarvan go straight to Waterford. If the first, he was presently to part his forces at Killmalloughe. If the second, he must carry all through Clangibbon, and return the President by the fair champion way of Tipperary. If the third, he must divide his forces about Leixmore.
"The first was the shortest and easiest way for his Lordship, but for the President far the worst, the whole forces of the rebels being likely to fall upon him, and if the Lord Lieutenant should carry away any munition with himself, there being not sufficient to answer such services as the Munster companies were in all likelihood to be put unto, ere they could be supplied. Besides the victual fell out every way very short for both. The second was thought altogether fruitless, the White Knight holding no place in all his country; his chief castle of Ballibey being broken down by himself upon the first bruit of the winning of Cahir. As for his neighbours, ["Neights" in MS.] they were all driven into Arlo, a strong fastness, where our army, so pestered with carriages, could not possibly pursue them. The last seemed longest and subject to greatest difficulties; for to pass by Conney without forcing it might be reputed dishonorable, and to attempt it with so weak means no less dangerous, we being well assured that the rebel forces would wait on us all the way."
The Lord Lieutenant, however, resolved on the last, because the Lord President "confidently assumed to procure" beeves out of the Lord Barrie's country, Muskerry, and the Desses, and from Cork a convoy of munition could be sent to the Broad Water at Farmoy, or to Castle Lions, three miles from Conney. The Earl and the rest agreed to this.
On 13th June the army marched to Arnaskighe, three miles from Killmallocke, at the foot of the mountain, which the next morning we passed, and lodged at Glanmoure, a town of the Viscount Roch. The Lord Lieutenant with 100 horse went to Mallo, the Lord President's house, whence he despatched to Cork 30 horse and 40 harquebuziers on horseback, for munition. The day following he met the army at Fermoy, having at Mallo received the submission of John Delahide, a gentleman of the English Pale by birth, but now seated in Kerry, who, for the safety of his goods, had taken part with the rebels. Cormack McDermott attended his Lordship, and brought to him 100 cows and 200 kearne, all pickes and shot, saving some few horsemen. The Lord Barry met us with 60 horse, and was commanded to send out spies, and "to go for the assuring of the convoy."
On the 16th the army dislodged. They were lightly skirmished with in two passes, but the rebels were beaten. Sir H. Davers was shot in the face. His Lordship purposed to lodge that night half a mile short of Conney, and there to await his convoy; but finding the place burned and abandoned by the rebels, he lodged the army betwixt Conney and Mogheily, a castle which H. Pine holds of Sir Walter Rawleighe.
On Sunday, 17th June, a letter came from the Lord Barrie, that he had brought the convoy safe to Castle Lyons, but the rebels lay near the way with all their forces. His Lordship, deferring the sermons till the afternoon, with 1,000 foot and 200 horse, met the convoy and brought it to the camp.
Next day we marched to Affane on the Broad Water. We passed through a great pass by Lisfynnen, "where the rebels threatened to take their leaves of us, and to leave in our army some impression of their valour; but we saw not a man of them." We were well prepared for them; and the previous night his Lordship had secretly placed 400 chosen men in the bawne and outhouses of Lysfinnen. At Affane we had to pass a ford which is only passable within an hour before and after low water. That night one half only passed; the rest crossed on the morrow at break of day. We marched to a little village two miles from Dungarvan and five from Affane. "By the way his Lordship returned those 15 companies, which the President of Munster brought with him at their first meeting, to Youghall, taking the Lord President himself along with him."
That night the Council was assembled at the Lord Lieutenant's tent. His Lordship demanded of the President what forces he thought sufficient for pursuing the war in Munster. He answered that with 50 horse and 800 foot added to those he had already he would think himself strong enough. His Lordship thereupon assigned him his brother's company of horse, and 100 foot more than he demanded--all chosen companies commanded by able and gallant commanders.
They next considered the fittest places for garrisoning; "for by garrisons only the heart of the rebellious Irish is to be broken." Choice was made of some, and their commanders and numbers were appointed.
After the Council had broken up, his Lordship drew instructions for the Lord President, and signed them. The chief points were these:--what head he should make; what place[s] he should seek to make good in case the foreign enemy should invade the province; how he should carry himself to those who offer to submit. He was to burn and spoil all saving that which either the owners could defend or should bring under the defence and favour of the garrisons; for the province would thus be disabled from nourishing hirelings and strangers, and the rebels would be starved. To place a garrison in every walled town, especially in the ports; and to put himself with most of his forces into one special place, which the Lord Lieutenant had chosen to be the seat of the war. That in receiving men to mercy he should carefully look into their former behaviour, and command them to deliver their best pledges, to book all their followers and servants and undertake for them, and to bring all their substance under the command of one of the garrisons. The Lord President departed on 20th June.
His Lordship marched to Ballaonny in the Lord Poore's country, having himself in the morning gone somewhat out of the way to view the port and castle of Dungarvan. On the 21st the army was brought within three miles of Waterford, and his Lordship, with two companies of horse, lodged in the city.
Lambeth Palace Library, not available at The National Archives
Former reference in its original department:
MS 621, p. 126
Unpublished finding aids:
Calendar of the Carew Manuscripts preserved in the Archiepiscopal Library at Lambeth, ed. J. S. Brewer & W. Bullen (6 vols., 1867-73, vol. III, document 304.


text:
More heroics in West Michigan
West Michigan Whitecaps vs. Lake County Captains (Midwest League)
Fifth Third Ballpark-Comstock Park, MI: Back, again, just north of Grand Rapids for our last Whitecaps game of the season. A very bitter-sweet moment, but so much going on at this game, I'm not sure where to start. First, Brian was happy they had a 'bounce castle' set up in the parking lot. We didn't have much time for him to play, but he still was able to bounce around for a little while before we made our way into the stadium. Upon entry, each of us received a free mini-bat, to commemorate the 'Caps 20th season of play. Brian has been collecting the bats lately, so more for him. It was super hero night at the ballpark, just like in Battle Creek last month, but the only ones dressed up were the Whitecaps' on-field staff. Still, some of them has some cool outfits. We were at the ballpark early, so we saw the Captains take some batting practice, and waited for the home team to hit the field for their warm-ups. We went down to field level, where we met former Tigers' relief pitcher, and current 'Caps pitching coach, Mike Henneman. He was nice enough to sign a baseball card for Brian (a future hurler, himself!). Before the game got underway, we were also entertained by team Ghostrider: basically monkeys riding around on dogs. They would appear a few time throughout the game, herding goats and riding away. When monkeys act like cowboys, everybody wins! It didn't take the kids long to get hungry, and Lily, Brian, and their Papa stuck with traditional hot dogs. Trevor and I, however, wanted to try the Baco! We made our way through the concourse, and with a sold-out crowd we were moving slowly. We took a break, though, to check out the Whitecaps 2007 Midwest League Championship trophy that was on display. The team was also celebrating the championship during this game, too. We finally made it to the other side of the ballpark to get our Bacos. Trevor didn't care for it too much, but I thought it was pretty good. Not worth $6 each, but had to do it. Unfortunately the Whitecaps has some of the slowest concessions ever, so we missed a good chunk of the game waiting in line. We decided to head back to our seats through the lower bowl, which was a good idea because Trevor got a foul ball that bounced our way. We were finally able to sit down and enjoy the rest of the game, which was a good one. The 'Caps also provided post-game fireworks that the kids really love, too. It was a hectic night all around, and sold-out crowds will do that, but still hard to wrap my head around the fact it will be a minimum of nine months before I'm enjoying baseball at Fifth-Third Ballpark again!
Former Tiger Mike Henneman signs a card for the kids
Like I stated, the game between the 'Caps and the Captains was a good one. West Michigan was down 2-0 in the third, but busted out for three runs of their own in the bottom of the inning. Connor Harrell and David Gonzales started it off with a pair of singles, then Lake County started walking some batters. The Whitecaps scored two runs on walks, then Jason King hit a sac fly for the third run. In the fourth inning, Jeff Holm hit a solo shot to put the 'Caps up 4-2. West Michigan concluded the scoring in the eighth inning, when Lance Durham hit his team leading 14th home run, after King singled. On the hill for West Michigan, Edgar De La Rosa pitched a solid game, only giving up the two runs in six innings of work. He struck out four and didn't walk any of the Lake County hitters. The bullpen finished the job, throwing four shutout innings, with Corey Knebel closing the door in the ninth. Holm lead the offense going 2-4, and Gonzalez went 2-3. Final Score: Whitecaps 6, Captains 2.
the Baco!
Stilt-walkers were on hand, too!
The 2007 Midwest League Trophy
Yep…more monkeys riding dogs, and herding sheep…
Getting silly with Lily!
The little guy with his souveniers.
Written by Minoring In Baseball Posted in Family Fun, Minor Leagues Tagged with Cleveland Indians, Comstock Park Michigan, Connor Harrell, Corey Knebel, David Gonzalez, Detroit Tigers, Edgar De La Rosa, Fifth Third Ballpark, Grand Rapids, Grand Rapids Michigan, Indians, Jason King, Jeff Holm, Lake County Captains, Lance Durham, Midwest League, Mike Henneman, MiLB, Minor League Baseball, Tigers, West Michigan Whitecaps, Whitecaps
Whitecaps alumni update


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A thriving platform at Clairvoyant that helps women in tech re-start after a career break
By Clairvoyant Perspectives - November 30, 2021
Right now is the best time to make a comeback after your career break. Companies are redefining their budget plans and identifying new positions. Performance evaluations have taken place and recruiters are looking to fill open positions and identify new roles. To make the most of this time, you must be prepared. Yes, the market is fiercely competitive, and the economy is recovering. Companies still need good talent, and you'd like to be the one who gets noticed. The question is, how?
It is sometimes necessary to take a career break. We also understand the challenges women face when they decide to return to work after a well-deserved break. Clairvoyant has been assisting some of the world's leading companies in developing high-impact digital transformation solutions since 2012. We're on a mission to increase diversity in the workplace and give qualified tech professionals like you a smooth transition and a warm welcome back!
In 2021, Clairvoyant is bringing Empow-Her , an exclusive recruitment program for women in tech with best-in-class practices and the most up-to-date tech trends to make them job-ready. Here are some benefits you can enjoy at Clairvoyant.
Our new hires are no longer on probation!
We have removed the age-old probation clause from our employment contracts after careful review and consideration. We have faith in our interviewers, leads, and hiring process. We also have confidence in all our new employees, who, we believe, have made this decision after careful consideration.
Opportunities to learn and grow
We have an open enrollment for every employee into the Clairvoyant Learning Academy. In association with Coursera, Whizlabs, and Udemy, we bring to you the latest and the most suited learning programs that will help you upskill and gain more practical experience. Alongside learning, we also have opportunities for everyone to grow in technical leadership roles that will give you exposure to onsite work in the future.
Workplace relaxation and stress reduction
We believe in letting our hair down as much as we believe in taking responsibility and giving our all at work. Quarterly team outings, Fun Fridays, Trivia nights, and Art and Culinary contests are just a few of the many ways we relax at work and bring fun and creativity together.
Giving back brings us joy
We support various causes, including educating and donating school supplies to children in local schools, beach clean-up and tree-planting drives, disaster relief, dental and blood donation camps, and more.
Knowledge sharing assists in empowerment
Our Women Think Tank is a forum for inspiration and collaboration among a diverse set of knowledge workers in the industry. We host monthly tech meetups where our employees present on various technology topics, encourage employees to document their learnings in blogs, thought leadership articles, and whitepapers, and hold regular brainstorming sessions to generate new and original ideas.
Festivals are a great way to celebrate diversity.
The holiday season provides the perfect opportunity for us, Clairvoyants, to let our wild side loose. At Clairvoyant, we meticulously plan and celebrate all major festivals, whether Halloween, Christmas, Holi, or Diwali. We also give all our employees a day off on their birthdays and anniversaries.
Prioritizing employee well-being
Our employees' health and fitness are top priorities at Clairvoyant. Our company's productivity and innovativeness are entirely based on our employees' mental and physical health. We host various weekly, monthly, and annual sports and fitness events to encourage our employees to compete in a healthy environment.
There is more!
Just remember that everyone has their own career path, and taking a career break, despite the stigma associated with it, is more common than you might think. So, if you're thinking about returning to work after a break, register for our Empow-Her program to help you get back on track with renewed confidence.
Clairvoyant Perspectives
Tags: People Success Empow-her Women in technology
Success guide for women going back to work after a career break


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starts in
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CricketWallah
India v Pakistan: Just Another Game? - Not For Hardik Pandya, Certainly
Cricketnext Staff |June 16, 2019, 9:58 AM IST
If the World Cup had not managed to make a lot of noise as yet, the India v Pakistan encounter in Manchester on Sunday (June 16) will make sure it does. An estimated 1.5 billion people are expected to tune in for this high-voltage clash making it one of the biggest spectacles in world sport. As far as sporting rivalries go, very few come close.
The Indian captain, Virat Kohli, has time and time again in pre-match press conferences downplayed the magnitude of the event, labeling it as "just another game". But there is no denying that the pressure of the encounter will have players and fans on edge at all times.
"I know people like to say it is just another game and all but it won't be that," Hardik Pandya said in an interview with ICC. "It is quite an exciting challenge, there will be lots of emotions, lots of expectations, lots of...everything.
"It will be a fantastic game, it will be jam-packed. There won't be one seat or one inch left in the stadium. We are just going to go there, enjoy and make sure we win the game."
Indian all-rounder Ravindra Jadeja also agreed with Pandya's sentiments, insisting that in an India-Pakistan clash it is not just about winning or losing, a lot of other elements too get associated when the two the sides take the field.
"The pressure is on both the teams. It is not about winning or losing, it is much more than that," Jadeja told ICC. "When we play against Pakistan, that intensity is very high.
"Back home, in India people want us to win no matter what. So that does create more pressure, certainly."
"There will be lots of emotion, lots of expectation, lots of...lots of everything!"
Hardik Pandya, Ravindra Jadeja and Sanjay Manjrekar have their say on the India-Pakistan rivalry. #TeamIndia #CWC19 pic.twitter.com/G11NgKmueC
— ICC (@ICC) June 16, 2019
India might not play against Pakistan in bilaterals any more but through the 1990s, the two teams faced off quite regularly. Former India cricketer Sanjay Manjrekar, reminiscing some of the moments said that when the two sides clashed in those days, especially in World Cups there would be the odd altercation which used to get carried forward but that does not happen anymore.
"In our time, we played against each other a lot and there would be the inevitable altercation between two players. Like the time Ajay Jadeja went after Waqar Younis at the '96 World Cup quarter-final. Venkatesh Prasad vs Aamer Sohail was a big moment in one of the World Cup games," Manjrekar told ICC.
"There would be these stories that would get carried on to the next series. Now, because India and Pakistan don't play each other, you can't do any kind of build up between two players."
Manjrekar though was quick to point out that despite the lack of bilateral series between the two arch-rivals there will be no shortage of excitement and emotions involved when India and Pakistan face each other at Manchester.
"But make no mistake, an India-Pakistan match in a World Cup stage, the same edge will come back. There is no doubt about it," he said.
"In India, the number 1 sport is cricket and the number 2 is a very distant number 2. India and Pakistan are more on the world map because of their cricket and is a big part of their existence."
2019 world cupHardik Pandyaicc world cup 2019India vs PakistanPakistan vs IndiaRavindra JadejaSanjay Manjrekar
Gaurav Kalra | June 15, 2019, 4:00 PM IST
India vs Pakistan | EXCLUSIVE: India Favourites But Need to be Wary of Pakistan: Kumble
Yuvraj Retires | A Look Back at Yuvraj Singh's Illustrious Career in International Cricket
Tuesday 11 June , 2019
ICC World Cup 2019 | Match Preview | Can Bangladesh Pull Off Another Upset?
Monday 10 June , 2019
ICC World Cup 2019| Virat Kohli Wins Hearts By Stopping Fans From Booing Steve Smith
ICC WC 2019| Ind vs SA | Indian Squad Ahead Of Tournament Opener
Thursday 30 May , 2019
ICC World Cup 2019: Teams Which Could Take The Cup Home
Cricket World Cup Points Table
T/NR
9 7 1 1 15 +0.80
9 5 3 1 11 -0.43
9 3 4 2 8 -0.91
1 India 3631 113
2 New Zealand 2547 111
3 South Africa 2917 108
4 England 3663 105
5 Australia 2640 98
4 Australia 5470 112
1 Pakistan 7365 283
Tweets by cricketnext


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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Kit yourself out in the most daring designs of the year so far .
Choose the flourescent #Jorge1 with a nod to the Greatest Keeper Mexico has ever had . This outrageous design comes courtesy of the very talented @guscamisetas who we are partnering up with for the first time.
Choose either shirt or get both! Act fast though these are only available until the end of March.


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A Grand Finale of Huge Change
A Grand Finale of Huge Change Donna Taylor
Donna Taylor »
During the past few years, we have witnessed the effects of the mirroring energies of Pluto and Uranus on Earth. These two planets represent change at the deepest level, and if we look back to 2012, we can all probably see that our lives have changed to some degree. The signs most affected by these planets — Aquarius, Scorpio, Capricorn, and Aries — perhaps have witnessed the most profound changes. For anyone whose world has been rocked by this planetary pair during the past three years, the good news is that this month sees them making their final aspect before going on their merry way. This means for many people — and for the world in general — life should soon begin to feel a little less chaotic and unstable.
But first we have to get through the final square. Perhaps it would help to see this last alignment as the grand finale. So what can we expect? Since Mars is getting in on the act, the answer is probably quite a bit. On March 12, Mars conjoins Uranus and makes a perfect 90-degree angle to Pluto. The south node is involved too, showing quite clearly that we need to break our old patterns and that the way forward will be borne out of courage and a willingness to let go of the old. We may need to be a little bit rebellious and to break out of our shackles. Look at whatever limits restricts you, and ask yourself if it's time to break free. It could be a situation or a relationship, but it's just as likely to be a habit or a belief that holds you back.
Examine Power Imbalances and Resistance to Change
It's also important that we address the issue of power. Are our relationships based on fairness and equality, or is someone taking or giving more than he or she should? Are your relationships healthy and balanced, or are there issues of dependency? All over the world, we have seen uprisings, chaos, and conflict because of long-term power imbalances, general injustice, and outdated beliefs. Of course, the world is simply a mirror of the people who live on it, which is why it's so important to make sure we are living in a way that we want to see reflected back to us. As Mahatma Gandhi said, "You must be the change you wish to see in the world." Many people find this difficult. I hear people complain about politicians falsifying their expenses, abusing their power, and not telling the truth, and I see the very same behaviors in the people who are complaining! If we all worked a little bit harder to eliminate the little deceptions and sleights of hand from our own lives, we would be less likely to have it mirrored back to us.
The full version of this Predictions article appeared in the March 2015 issue.


The value of owning all the insurance you can get.
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Reasons, benefits and resources associated with evaluation of existing life insurance policies.
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Abstract: A driving question in ecology is whether communities are composed of random species assemblages or if there are processes that influence the composition of species within communities. Detritivores strongly influence soil community structure and ecosystem processes. Earthworms are known to have an important impact on soil fertility and leaf litter decomposition. In this study we asked, how does resource quality affect interspecific and intraspecific interactions among soil fauna (earthworms), and what were the subsequent effects on organic matter decomposition? Inter- and intraspecific interactions of two naturally coexisting earthworm species, Lumbricus rubellus and Octolasion lacteum, were examined in a 3 x 3 factorial design, with covariance of density treatments: 0, 1, 2, 4, 8 earthworms in single and mixed species combinations. The experiment lasted six weeks, while L. rubellus and (or) O. lacteum fed on single or mixed leaf litter species of Liriodendron tulipfera and Quercus rubra. Feeding rates ranged from .002 to .025 g/g/day. Biomass increased in low-density chambers of both earthworm species with L.tulipfera as the leaf resource. However overall biomass and feeding rates decreased in mixed-litter interspecific and high-density intraspecific competition assays. Slopes of the mean mass loss per capita were calculated for each combination to derive an Interaction Strength. Accordingly, when the two earthworm species were mixed in L.tulipfera the interaction was comparatively relaxed, thus intraspecific interactions were more intense than interspecific interactions. This work highlights the complexity of biotic interactions between and among species at two trophic levels, and the implications for decomposition and community structure in soils.


Screenwriter who rose to fame for creating the popular 2014 Starz original TV drama Power . She has also earned acclaim as a primary writer for the CBS TV drama The Good Wife .
She graduated from Brown University with her bachelor's degree. She later earned her master's degree in English from Columbia University.
She has written for The CW TV drama Beauty & the Beast. She earned her big break in Los Angeles writing for The Bernie Mac Show.
Her father Herbert passed away in 2011.
She wrote the TV pilot for Power with 50 Cent attached as an early executive producer.


On behalf of a grateful Nation, Laura and I send our best wishes for the holidays.
In this season of giving, we remember our duty to others, and we see that sense of duty fulfilled in the men and women who wear our Nation's uniform. Our country owes you a debt of gratitude for your courage and resolve to serve the cause of peace. Americans are proud of your dedicated service, and I am proud to be the Commander in Chief of the greatest force for freedom in the history of the world.
Our Nation is thankful for the many sacrifices you and your families make every day. During the holidays and throughout the coming year, we ask the Almighty to bestow His protection and care on you and your loved ones.	We pray for your safety and for liberty, justice, and peace on Earth.
Laura and I wish you a joyful holiday season. May God bless you, and may God continue to bless America.


External growth operations (mergers, acquisitions, JV, minority shareholdings) are essential for penetrating new markets, both in emerging and mature countries. The financial or technical rationality of an M&A transaction is not enough to guarantee its success.
ADIT has retained the best experts to understand the environment of an M&A operation, assess the respectability of targets and decision-makers, map internal governance, and analyse what is called the "invisible" aspects of an external growth operation: asset history, reality of the commercial track record, real intentions of shareholders, business practices of shareholders and managers, relations with public or regulatory authorities, latent liabilities, hidden and outstanding litigation, intellectual property issues, image and reputation elements of natural and legal persons, etc.