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The Amazing Queen Bee: Matriarch of the Hive
If you've ever heard someone be called a "queen bee," there's actually a lot behind that label.
That's because honeybees are very complex creatures, and the main character of any hive is the queen. She's absolutely crucial to the health of the colony, which can't survive without her.
Keep reading to learn all about the queen bee, her role in the colony, and what makes her so special!
Who Is the Queen Bee?
In a colony of honey bees, the queen bee is the central figure around which the rest of the hive revolves.
Her most important job is to lay fertilized eggs and populate her colony. In order to do this, she must take a nuptial flight to mate with drones from other hives. She is the only member of the colony capable of doing this.
The queen communicates with and directs the workers in her colony using special pheromones. This lets them know what to do and also tells them that they do not need to make a new queen.
It can be tough to spot her among her tens of thousands of daughters, so many beekeepers will mark her back. This makes her easier to spot during inspections, and the color used also signifies the year she was born to keep track of her age.
Unique Characteristics of the Queen Bee
The queen bee looks different from worker bees and drones.
She's nearly twice as long as the workers, and her body is more slender than the drones. Her long abdomen makes her wings look comparatively short.
Her back, or thorax, is black and shiny without the yellow fuzz that workers wear. She will also typically have longer legs that are yellow or lighter in color, although some subspecies still have darker legs.
Her coloring will vary depending on which subspecies she belongs to. Some queens are golden yellow, while others can be almost entirely black and everything in between.
While the female workers are capable of laying eggs, too, their eggs can't be fertilized and thus will only be able to hatch into drones.
Only the queen bee is able to create more workers. They will inherit both her own genetics and those of one of the drones she mated with. Queens can lay up to 3,000 every day.
Her daughters are very attentive, constantly grooming and feeding her. Sometimes the best way to find an unmarked queen bee is to look for clusters of worker bees facing inward and fussing over her.
The Lifespan of the Queen
The queen bee begins life as a fertilized egg in a cell just like any other female bee.
Once an egg is specially selected, the workers will build a "queen cup" for her. This is a peanut-shaped cell that can accommodate her size since she won't fit into a regular worker cell.
Once the egg is in the special cell, it takes 3 days to hatch. The larva will be exclusively fed royal jelly by nurse bees which will cause her to develop into a queen bee. On the eighth day, her cell is closed so she can pupate and finish growing.
A queen bee spends less time developing in her cell than workers or drones, fully growing in about 16 days. She will then chew through her cell.
Once she emerges, she will seek out any other developing queens and eliminate them before they're able to emerge. If more than one queen has already left their cells, they will usually fight to determine who will rule the colony.
Now that the queen is out and about, her workers will continue to feed her royal jelly throughout her life.
A week or so after hatching, she will go on her mating flight to find drones to fertilize her eggs. If she's able to make it back, she is unlikely to leave the hive ever again.
A queen bee usually lives and lays eggs for 2-3 years. She can live as long as 5 years, but her productivity declines as she ages.
Mating Flight
A queen who hasn't yet gone on her mating flight is known as a "virgin" or "maiden" queen. It's difficult to tell the difference by sight, but virgin queens tend to be a little bit smaller.
Her eggs will need to be fertilized soon after she is born so she can begin to lay eggs and populate her colony.
A week after her emergence, she will fly to a designated area that she locates via pheromones. Drones from other colonies will converge there to mate with queens. It's not entirely known how these "drone congregation areas" are determined.
The queen bee can mate with as many as 20 drones, all while in flight, after which each drone will die. She'll carry the genetic material of several individuals for diversity when fertilizing her eggs.
Making a New Queen
The colony may need a new queen for several reasons: if she dies, if she isn't laying well, or if the colony becomes too big.
Queens can be made by the colony if they have fertilized eggs available. The beekeeper can also bring in a caged queen, who will need to be properly introduced and accepted into the hive.
If there isn't a fertilized egg to use, they can't create a new queen since workers aren't able to lay fertilized eggs.
The colony will typically make several queens at a time so they have the best chance of ending up with a strong queen bee.
Death of the Queen
The main reasons for a queen to die are old age, she didn't return from her mating flight, or she's accidentally injured or crushed by the beekeeper during a hive inspection.
Since the first two are impossible to avoid, it's important to be careful during hive inspections to avoid harming the queen inadvertently. During certain hive maintenance activities, such as testing for mites, it's best practice to locate the queen first to make sure she's safely in the hive.
The colony will immediately know that they no longer have a queen regardless of what happened because they can no longer detect her pheromones.
The Queen Needs to Be Replaced
Sometimes a queen isn't suitable either for the bees or the beekeeper.
The colony can tell if she isn't laying well for any reason and will "supersede" her or replace her themselves. The telltale sign is a specific type of queen cell known as a supersedure cell, which will show up in a particular location in the hive.
Once they have decided to replace her, the workers will crowd around and ball the queen, essentially cooking her to death.
The beekeeper can also see if she isn't producing well and may want to replace her. A spotty brood pattern, where there are only eggs laid sporadically, is usually a sign that the queen isn't up to snuff.
Another reason a beekeeper may need to intervene is if the colony is becoming especially aggressive. The queen can pass on genetics that affect her offspring's temperament, making hive inspections or even getting near the hive difficult.
In this case, it's best to "pinch" the current queen and bring in a new one to interrupt the aggressive genetics.
To bring in a new queen, the beekeeper can purchase one in a small cage with a few attendants to feed and groom her.
One side of the cage is closed with a cork, and the other with a candy plug. Once the cage is placed inside the hive, the queen will be protected until the colony hopefully accepts her. They will slowly eat through the candy plug to release her into the hive.
A successful and productive hive may get so big that a single queen is no longer able to communicate with all of them.
This will lead to the colony splitting in half and swarming. They will bring the original queen bee with them while the remaining workers stay behind.
Before they swarm, a new queen will be made in a special swarm cell for the half of the colony that remained in the hive. This is one way the beekeeper knows that the hive is about to swarm. Just like a supersedure cell, a swarm cell has its own particular appearance and location in the hive.
Contrary to popular belief, a swarm is not a cloud of upset and aggressive bees. In fact, they are much less likely to sting while they swarm as they don't currently have a home to defend.
Honey bee swarms will usually show up on tree branches or hanging from a roof. They look like a large mass of bees. Finding and catching a swarm is a great way for beekeepers to get "free" bees!
All Hail the Queen Bee
The queen bee is the most important member of the colony, and she's a fascinating insect.
Without her, the hive can't continue to grow. It's amazing to see her workers care for her as she works hard to create new hive members.
Interested in learning more about these miraculous pollinators? Visit my bees page to learn all about the different roles within the beehive, different bee species, beekeeping, and more!
By Author Savannah
Categories Bees
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Woolworth's building reborn in downtown St. Paul
Bob Collins June 26, 2018, 2:17 PM Jun 26, 2018
Elsewhere on the blog, there's a pretty good debate about the suburban design principles of sameness that have transformed South Washington Avenue in Minneapolis from its surface lot-and-liquor-store past.
Developers in downtown St. Paul take a somewhat different approach to diversity in architecture and design, converting old buildings to new uses, each with its own design personality that doesn't scream, "Hey, it's better than nothing."
It's not, for example, a sin in St. Paul to incorporate the past with the present. The 1916 Foot-Schulze Co. shoe factory, now the Rossmor lofts building, has anchored a renaissance of street-level retail with the aid of the Penfield, a relatively new condo building that incorporated pieces of the old St. Paul Police headquarters.
A Lund's has made retail on the street the norm. Good design can do that.
Down the street, the old St. Paul Post Office was converted — somehow — into apartments and a hotel. The most beautiful building downtown — the old Pioneer Press building — is now apartments and a celebration of its own history.
The former Dayton's is now a hockey rink and retail complex, its 1960s-era facade mercifully removed from Wabasha Street downtown.
And Lowertown has maintained its railroad-and-lumber-baron personality as developers have discovered the area since the building of CHS Field, whose designers thankfully resisted the temptation to develop a 19th century-styled baseball park on the site of an old factory. The building has curves!
St. Paul gets it.
Navigating the new with the old is a design challenge but the newest addition to the St. Paul streetscape has faithfully lived up to it.
It's this old building…
… which has now become this one.
The old Woolworth's building closed in 1993 and sat empty for more than 20 years until a developer saw the potential. It might've been easier to knock it down, but then you don't get to consider the design sensibility of history.
The expanded building kept the original brickwork color and style (the old bricks were given away as keepsakes), which evoked Woolworth's all over America in its heyday.
The door was open today, long enough for me to discover this on the floor in the foyer before I was kicked out.
From every angle, the building looks different, no small feat considering it is essentially a box. From each, however, it's also clear that it was intended to honor its neighbors, not rising above them.
It might well be mere coincidence that the coloring on the stonework matches that of the window frames of the next-door Golden Rule Building, which was built in 1900. But I doubt it.
The building, now known as The 428, will hang a vertical sign on the southwest corner, the same spot where the Woolworth's sign once hung.
From the looks of things, developers are going to give the possibility of street-level retail a go. That hasn't worked anywhere in the nearby area so far.
There's only so much good design can do for a neighborhood, of course. The new building still sits in the considerable shadow of a behemoth across the street.
It remains a St. Paul curse that when a raccoon garnered international attention for the city, it chose an architectural insult to climb.
The building isn't expected to open until next month.
Architecture st. paul
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Home2016May
What now for Post Office Ltd?
May 19, 2016 Tim McCormack
The warning signs have been ignored. The 'told you sos' have been proved correct. Post Office Ltd is imploding fast as the consequences of their failure to reshape the network with the aid of a £2 billion investment from government are becoming ever more obvious and public. Now 600 more workers face redundancy because of the complete lack of commercial astuteness at the top of POL whose only desire is to preserve their jobs and more to the point there bonuses.
The key word above is 'their'. Who are these people that control the network? Why do they remain unaccountable for the miserable failure of their actions?
During the Postal Services Bill debate in the House of Lords, Lord Mandelson correctly, in my opinion, identified the Post Office as just another Government Department. I understood him to infer that it was a bureaucratic nightmare, filled with employees devoid of any commercial sense and steeped in historical traditions. Up here in the Borders we have a saying 'aye been'. Its 'aye been' done like that so no need to change. I couldn't describe the cause of the mess that is now POL better.
So back to them. This is not just about POL management; it is about the Civil Servants that ultimately control POL through Government ownership. They have an incestuous relationship with much mutual backslapping and bonuses and high salaries paid on the back of unchallenged performance statistics supplied by themselves. Their unaccountability is unrivalled, for who is to challenge what they report as being the truth? The National Audit Office? Forget it. I have repeatedly asked the NAO to get involved and they repeatedly state it has nothing to do with them.
The one and only scrutineer it appears is the BIS Select Committee that has strangely gone deathly quiet on the matter since the last election when the only person who seemed ready to take on POL, the BIS Select Committee chairman, Adrian Bailey was replaced.
Unaccountability though leads to complacency. The feeling that they cannot be touched leads also to arrogance. Complacency and arrogance are particularly misplaced in an organisation filled with so many incompetent employees. Implosion is inevitable and I believe it has now started. The supernova that is POL will be a disaster for the government and the sad fact is that it is now certain to happen, whether through financial mismanagement or criminal investigation as I have written about previously.
Can the network be saved?
The answer to that is another question. Does the British Public want the network to be saved? Do they want to see a Post Office on the High Street in urban areas or as the cornerstone of the rural community?
My guess is that the answer is yes and therefore it becomes politically expedient for the party in government to offer a feasible and viable solution. Well the conservatives inherited the current 'solution' from the lib dems during their 'dangerous liaison'. They would need to swallow a great deal of pride (and failed financial investment) to change course now. The Labour party on the other hand is in a great position to come up with a radical solution to the problem that would, in my opinion, be a significant vote winner – particularly when one realises the difficulties POL will face between now and the next election. The Tories would find it extremely difficult to criticise such an alternative plan faced with their own ignominious failure to save the network.
It won't be easy to come up with one that meets the requirements of all concerned. When I first started proposing a split of the network into rural and urban, with two different management teams and two different set of objectives, I was taken aback by the sheer number of 'ruralesque' quangos filled with well meaning souls who felt they also had the answer to the problems of rural commerce. Getting them all aboard would be particularly difficult.
But let's look at the urban network very quickly. The majority of these are privately owned. According to POL many of them actually make a profit for POL but the one thing that so many overlook is that whether or not they make a profit for POL they continue to make a profit for the business owner. Except of course when the owner is POL themselves. The Crown Office chain continually makes a loss and despite what they tell us, the Crown Office losses have not been eradicated and never will be. This set of circumstances is the biggest, most obvious indicator, that POL Management are commercially incompetent.
The whole concept of NT was for Post Office operators to embrace the retail aspect of their operation and to enhance their sales with the increase in footfall that having a Post Office in their shop brings. POL has even the temerity to suggest that they can provide expert advice in these matters despite their own abject failure to embrace their own concept within Crown Offices. The retail offering in these magnificent anachronistic High St edifices is completely missing and to make matters worse they have recently offered a multi million pound contract to external 'experts' to try and enhance what they already (don't) do.
The answer to the Crown problems is in my opinion readily visible to all bar the incompetent POL management team. It is time for commercially astute Subpostmasters to be put in charge. They already run some of the most profitable Post Office in the country. They know how to promote their retail offering and they have a vested financial interest in the success of their business.
As a collective, or co-operative, the Crown network has the opportunity to become a major retail chain, perhaps specialising in the retail offering that thousands of past and present subpostmasters have taken on board, Greeting Cards and Stationery. There are many more commercial opportunities though but it takes an entrepreneur to spot them and make them work. The term 'entrepreneur' is sadly missing from the CV's of POL Management.
But they would require some help. There is no doubt that the viability of all High St retail outlets is in the hands of the property owner. High rentals are a fact of life and whilst there is competition for vacant leases then these will continue. The only practical solution to ensure survival in key locations is to purchase the freehold of these properties and that is where I for one would focus future investment in the network.
Who will take action and when?
Perhaps the greatest catalyst to answer these questions will be the court action of the JFSA group. They are going to win. The public will be incensed and in my opinion criminal charges will be laid against much of, if not all, the POL management team, past and present.
The incestuous links between the civil servants and POL must be broken. I am not sure how this will be done but the government must be seen to take action and full scale change at the top of POL has to be effected. Perhaps Royal Mail has a role to play in this corrective action. Consider if you will what the network would look like now if the Royal Mail had had to take POL with it when they split? A very intriguing thought and one I would very much like to hear Ms Greene's thoughts on.
They would not listen, they're not listening still
Perhaps they never will
Don MacLean
Are Post Office Ltd guilty of criminal behaviour against Subpostmasters?
May 4, 2016 Tim McCormack
There has been something bugging me since I first took an interest in the Horizon saga. That is the question – is there one almighty cover up going on or do POL management really believe that there system is as robust and reliable as they say it is?
Assert something as being the truth for long enough, even when you know it not to be, and sooner or later you will come to believe it to be the truth, and as a result you can state that 'truth' with conviction.
On that basis then I can understand, but never condone, POL's behaviour when it comes to bringing criminal charges against one of their subpostmasters. When money goes missing it has to be the Subpostmaster's fault because the computer doesn't make mistakes. So positive are they of this then they have no need to investigate whether or not Horizon or their internal systems could be to blame. Instead they just seek to recover the losses incurred from the poor subpostmaster, often through the courts.
There are two methods POL can adopt to recover the money in question through legal action. Either a civil action claiming repayment of a debt or a criminal prosecution where if the subpostmaster is convicted of theft from POL then POL are entitled to seek recovery of the amount allegedly stolen from them under the Proceeds of Crime act.
Why would they choose one way over another? Well basically it depends on the chance of success. If the subpostmaster has already admitted to False Accounting, POL believe that they are more likely to achieve a criminal conviction of theft against the subpostmaster – such as Seema Misra. On the other hand if the subpostmaster has not committed the act of False Accounting, then the chances of a criminal conviction are much less and in some cases a civil action is instigated.
Let us leave for a moment the threats and alleged blackmail of suspected miscreants by POL to try and persuade them to accept lesser charges in return for 'clemency'.
So criminal or civil charges – what is the difference?
Both will be heard in a court of Law and both can be heard in front of a Jury – although I think in a civil action that is the choice of the respondent – might be wrong.
The major difference between the two then is the establishment of guilt. In a civil case the claimant must prove their case to the judge and/or the jury to show that the balance of probability is that the respondent owes them the money.
In a criminal case the onus on the prosecution is far greater and they must prove beyond reasonable doubt that the defendant is guilty of the crime they are accused of.
In the civil case the 'worst' that can happen is that the respondent must pay the money (and possibly costs) at stake. A successful criminal prosecution can of course lead to many years in jail for the defendant.
Who brings these criminal charges against a subpostmaster?
Well surprise surprise (for some anyway) it is POL. An ancient law was passed to allow Royal Mail to run their own prosecution service and POL use it to this day in order to seek criminal convictions. They seem to have forgotten the original intention of the law was to allow Royal Mail to protect the mail – this was in the 19th Century when politicians, believe it or not, were misusing their right to free mail and selling this right on. It was never meant to be used against subpostmasters and as far as I can see it is now an outdated law as it was granted to Royal Mail and not to POL directly – something that was not corrected in the Postal Services Act of 2011.
So let us be clear – using this law, POL act outside of the jurisdiction of the Crown Prosecution Service. They say they follow the CPS advice and rules but they are not bound by them. As usual for POL they don't think these things through, and as a result, any individual that works for POL in bringing a criminal prosecution against a subpostmaster or other person can be classed as working in a public office – very important and more of that later.
Why bring these charges?
When a criminal is convicted of an offence the sentence that is laid down by the judge is meant to be both a punishment for the accused and a deterrent for others against committing a similar defence. The punishment side of the sentence is understandable but the deterrent side is not because POL have never gone out of their way to publicise these trials and sentences amongst the SPMR community so the deterrent factor is completely missing.
No, as I have already said, the real and only reason they do this is to establish a method of recovering the missing amounts.
Show Me the MONEY!!!
So there you are. A simple SPMR minding your own business and yet all of a sudden you stand accused in a criminal court of stealing £20k from POL. The one thing you can say openly and honestly to the court is that you never took £20k from POL. There were no expensive holidays, no flash cars, no cash under the mattress, nothing. You didn't benefit at all from the crime that you were accused of.
Yet if POL win the case, civil or criminal, you will be forced to pay the money back to them.
Not only do you become a criminal and are sent to prison, the ultimate sanction is that you have to pay them back money that you never had in the first place and may never have existed at all (that's a story for another time – I have probably explained it already in one of my other blog pieces)
POL don't care about you. All they want is the money. Not the truth it seems. Nor actually getting to the bottom of the problem with Horizon.
As an aside, the incompetence of POL is legendary, but to make it more so, did you know that in the two cases I have the most knowledge about, they spent close to a million pounds in legal costs and recovered the princely sum of £1!!!! ONE POUND. On top of that in one of the cases the defendant was provided with Legal Aid so the tax payer stumped up another several hundred thousand pounds!
Criminal Activity?
So let me get back to the main point I wanted to make – are POL themselves guilty of criminal offences in bringing these prosecutions?
It is not for me to say but I suspect that whoever is responsible for monitoring organisations that have been empowered by law to bring their own criminal prosecutions may want to study the matter with some concern.
The charge I have in mind is one of Misconduct in Public Office. http://www.cps.gov.uk/legal/l_to_o/misconduct_in_public_office/#a02
Scope of the offence
Misconduct in public office is an offence at common law triable only on indictment. It carries a maximum sentence of life imprisonment. It is an offence confined to those who are public office holders and is committed when the office holder acts (or fails to act) in a way that constitutes a breach of the duties of that office.
The first test is whether or not certain POL employees are Public Office holders.
The CPS document above helps us with that although it is not a definitive answer:
It is extremely difficult to extract from the cases any general identifying features of public officers in a contemporary context. A person may fall within the meaning of a public officer where one or more of the following characteristics applies to a role or function that they exercise with respect to the public at large:
Judicial or quasi-judicial
Coercive
Representative (of the public at large)
Responsibility for public funds
I believe though that the internal POL Prosecution team fits that bill and clearly the same test would apply to those Senior POL employees who control and approve the actions of that team including the CEO and Chairman.
The CPS document lists a whole host of possible scenarios under which a charge of Misconduct in Public Office could be brought so let me lay out the evidence I have and see if you think it fits.
First of all let me point out that the evidence I have has come to light only very recently as far as I am concerned. It is extracted from three documents, two of which POL would never have thought likely to come into the public domain and to be truthful I didn't notice the connection at first. It was only when I read back through one of the documents a week or so ago did I notice this astonishing link.
The three documents are, the Second Sight Report which was 'leaked' into the public domain last year, the response by POL to the Second Sight report and the Misra trial transcript.
This is an extract from the response by POL to the Second Sight Report:
Investigations and prosecutions: We naturally take any allegation of miscarriages of justice extremely seriously. In none of the Post Office's own work, nor through any of Second Sight's work, has any information emerged to suggest that a conviction is unsafe.
If the Post Office decides to prosecute a case, its conduct of the prosecution is scrutinised by defence lawyers and ultimately by the Courts themselves. The Post Office has to satisfy both stages of the Code for Crown Prosecutors to start a prosecution: the evidential stage requires us to be satisfied that there is sufficient evidence to provide a realistic prospect of conviction, and the public interest stage which requires us to consider whether a prosecution is in the public interest.
We are duty bound to communicate with a defendant's lawyers, and any decision by a defendant regarding their plea is made after he or she has had the opportunity to take private and confidential legal advice and consider, with lawyers, all the available evidence. The evidential requirements for proving the offences of theft or false accounting are a matter of law.
Post Office as a prosecutor has a continuing duty to disclose immediately any information that subsequently comes to light which might undermine its prosecution case or support the case of the defendant.
The Seema Misra Trial took place in October 2010. In that transcript (http://journals.sas.ac.uk/deeslr/issue/current/showToc) it was revealed that POL went to extraordinary lengths to prevent the defence having access to what is referred to as the Known Errors Log – a list of errors in Horizon that are to be fixed in the next release. Tim Parker, the Chairman of POL, has recently refused me access to this list even though I know of one error that is in it that would lead to substantial losses in branches (another story elsewhere in my blog). It is the date though that is significant. October 2010.
This is an extract from the Second Sight report
14.10. In our Interim Report we referred to a software bug in Horizon that had impacted a small number of branches. We have recently discovered two further documents that describe in more detail how Post Office handled this issue. In both of these documents a process is described that involves directly altering branch data.
The fix for the error reported in the document named "Correcting Accounts for "lost" Discrepancies", created by a senior engineer at Fujitsu in September 2010, stated:
"7. Fixing the Data for each Affected Branch The data can be corrected by adjusting the appropriate Opening Figures and BTS Data that relates to the current TP. This will result in the Discrepancy needing to be processed when rolling over into the next TP. I propose that if we are to do this then we take a copy of the data for one branch and check out the proposed changes on a test system and then rollover the branch on the test system to ensure that the discrepancy is handled correctly before we attempt to correct Live data. Having done one example in this way, we then need to agree a timetable with Post Office Ltd to correct the other branches and ensure that this is communicated with the Branches to ensure that everyone involved is happy.
Note that if it is decided not to correct the data in the branches (i.e. POL would prefer to write off the "lost" discrepancy), then adjustments will be required to the Discrepancy account in POLSAP to align this with the actual level of discrepancy seen at the Branches."
14.11. This document refers to correcting live data – a procedure that Post Office denied was possible. Of potential significance is the fact that this was not just an internal document made available to a small number of Fujitsu employees, as the copy we were provided with was printed out by the head of Post Office's Legal Prosecution team in October 2010.
14.12. A further document titled "Receipts / Payments Mismatch issue notes" appears to be a Minute of a joint Post Office / Fujitsu meeting probably held in August 2010. The document refers to the impact of the bug in Horizon as being: Page 31 "Impact • The branch has appeared to have balanced, whereas in fact they could have a loss or a gain • Our accounting systems will be out of sync with what is recorded at the branch • If widely known could cause a loss of confidence in the Horizon System by branches • Potential impact upon ongoing legal cases where branches are disputing the integrity of Horizon Data • It could provide branches ammunition to blame Horizon for future discrepancies".
The Third Document is the Misra trial transcript. The opening remarks of the very first day of the trial revolves around disclosure or lack of it by POL. I leave the reader to make up their own mind whether or not this was evidence of Misconduct in Public Office and to note what POL said in their response to the Second Sight Report Post Office as a prosecutor has a continuing duty to disclose immediately any information that subsequently comes to light which might undermine its prosecution case or support the case of the defendant – Prosecutor! Duty! Disclose! Immediately!
I urge all of you to send a link of this blog to your MPs and your local police inspector (if you live in England or Wales) and ask them to investigate this possible criminal act.


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You are at:Home»English»Community News»Rose Ochi, 81; Attorney, Civil Rights Leader
Rose Ochi, 81; Attorney, Civil Rights Leader
Nisei broke barriers as an Asian American woman in a career that spanned Washington and L.A.
Posted On December 17, 2020 Community News, Politics, Civil Rights
Rose Ochi shattered glass ceilings throughout her career. In 2012, she posed for a portrait at the California Forensic Science Institute, where she served as executive director. (MARIO GERSHOM REYES/Rafu Shimpo)
By MARTHA NAKAGAWA, Rafu Contributor
Takayo Rose Matsui Ochi, an attorney, civil rights activist and political strategist who shattered numerous glass ceilings such as becoming the first Asian American woman commissioner on the Los Angeles Police Commission and the first Asian American woman assistant attorney general, passed away on Dec. 13, two days shy of her 82nd birthday.
Ochi's formative years locked up in a U.S.-style concentration camp and facing overt racism and sexism motivated her to challenge unfairness and injustice throughout her adult life. She embodied the concept of racial and gender uplift, as she hired and encouraged people of color and women in whatever position she was in.
Ochi was the third of four children born to Yoshiaki Roy and Mutsuko Grace Matsukawa Matsui, both from Kumamoto Prefecture. While most Nikkei babies at that time were delivered at home by a midwife, Ochi was born at the historic Japanese Hospital in East Los Angeles.
When Ochi was three, the U.S. entered World War II and President Franklin Roosevelt signed Executive Order 9066, authorizing the forced removal and incarceration of Japanese Americans living on the West Coast.
The Matsui family spent six months at the Santa Anita Detention Center before being shipped out to the Rohwer War Relocation Authority camp in Arkansas. At Rohwer, a Caucasian teacher lined up Ochi's class and gave all the Nikkei students English names. This incident where Ochi went from Takayo to Rose would have a lasting painful impact on her.
At the end of the war, Ochi's parents faced deportation since they had come to the U.S. under a business visa, which stipulated that they had to be running a business in order to remain in the U.S., an impossible feat since they had been incarcerated. While the parents fought deportation proceedings in San Francisco, they left the children in Elko, Nevada, under the care of a paternal uncle.
At Elko, Ochi had racial slurs and snowballs hurled at her by soldiers returning from the war. Another time, the teacher gave her soap and told her to go wash her mouth out for accidentally uttering a Japanese word.
Once Ochi's parents had their deportation orders overturned with the help of ACLU lawyers, the family returned to East Los Angeles.
Ochi came of age at a time when people of color, particularly women, were not expected to pursue higher education, but she skipped two grades and was inspired to enroll in college, after participating in UCLA's UniCamp, a program to motivate underserved children to develop leadership skills and to expand their horizons.
In 1959, Ochi ran for Nisei Week Queen only because she knew her mother wanted to visit relatives in Japan but the family could not afford such a luxury and the grand prize for winning the pageant was a trip to Japan. Ochi didn't win, but years later, she fulfilled her mother's wishes to visit her homeland by buying her a plane ticket.
That same year, she graduated from UCLA and returned to East Los Angeles to teach at Stevenson Junior High School, her alma mater, after short stints at University High and in the Montebello Unified School District.
She was cast in the 1961 musical film "Flower Drum Song" but pulled out when she saw the racy costume she would have to wear.
Rose Ochi was honored as Nisei Week grand marshal in 2017. She waved to the crowds during the parade, accompanied by her husband, Thomas. (MARIO GERSHOM REYES/Rafu Shimpo)
In 1963, she married Thomas Ochi. She was grateful that her husband never discouraged her from switching careers from teaching to law.
Ochi decided to become a lawyer after witnessing the student walk-outs by the Latinx community in East L.A. during the 1960s. She understood her students' anger over lack of quality education and opportunities since she herself had experienced it.
She graduated from Loyola Law School in 1972 and was accepted into the California Bar that December. She turned down a job with the U.S. Attorney's Office as a prosecutor and opted to accept a Reginald Heber Fellowship at the University of Southern California Western Center on Law and Poverty, where she was co-counsel on a landmark education reform case, Serrano vs. Priest.
After the Serrano victory, Ochi decided she wanted to go into public policy to learn how to create legislation. She was recruited by Terry Hatter to join Mayor Tom Bradley's administration, and within a year, she became director of the city's Criminal Justice Office.
In 1973, she developed the Use of Force Policy after Eula Love, an African American woman, was shot and killed by the LAPD. She also advised Bradley on the Blake consent decree, which was instituted to increase more hiring of women and officers of color within the LAPD. Additionally, she oversaw the development of various divisions, including juvenile and gang diversion, drug abatement and the domestic violence prosecution units.
During this time, she turned down a judicial appointment because she felt it would restrict her community and political advocacy work. At the same time, she became the first woman of color to sit on the Los Angeles County Bar's Board of Trustees.
She gained a reputation for being tough as she sparred with then-LAPD Chief Ed Davis, and her reputation reached Washington, D.C., where she was asked to sit on President Jimmy Carter's Select Commission on Immigration and Refugee Policy (SCIRP).
Through her activities with SCIRP, she made key contacts with power brokers, which became useful when the redress movement started gaining momentum.
As SCIRP was winding down, the Commission on Wartime Relocation and Internment of Civilians was being formed. Ochi called Joan Bernstein, who was to head the CWRIC, and encouraged her to hire on many of the SCIRP staff. She also recommended the hiring of Aiko Herzig Yoshinaga, who would go on to uncover groundbreaking documents that would help win redress for Japanese Americans unjustly incarcerated during World War II.
While still a Reginald Heber Fellow, Ochi had been approached by Sue Kunitomi Embrey, chair of the Manzanar Committee, to help incorporate the fledging organization as a nonprofit and to have Ochi serve as its pro bono lawyer. Ochi would go on to partner with Embrey for the next 35 years to help establish Manzanar as a national historic site.
At that time, the land occupied by Manzanar was owned by the powerful Los Angeles Department of Water and Power (DWP), which resisted handing over the property to make way for a federal park. Although Ochi had Bradley's support, she faced fierce opposition from the city's deputy mayor, who later headed the DWP. At one point, Ochi and her staff were moved out of City Hall and banished to an outlying building.
During the 1980s, Ochi was tapped by the Japanese American Citizens League to help with the redress campaign. To that end, Ochi made sure to push for support for Manzanar and the redress bills whenever she was on business in Washington, D.C.
Ochi became forever associated with the redress bill when President Ronald Reagan acknowledged her by name in his speech before he signed the Civil Liberties Act of 1988.
During the Clinton Administration, Ochi was appointed to the associate director of the White House Office of National Drug Control Policy. She oversaw the High Intensity Trafficking Area model program, which developed innovative projects such as the "Break the Cycle" drug intervention plan.
In 1997, President Bill Clinton named Ochi as director of the Community Relations Service at the Department of Justice. She was unanimously confirmed by the Senate to this position, becoming the first Asian American woman to serve at the assistant attorney general level. She represented the DOJ on the President's Initiative on Race White House Task Force and partnered with the President's Hate Crime, Race and Justice Initiative and Church Arson efforts.
Attorney General Janet Reno recognized Ochi with the Exceptional Service Award on Ochi's last day at the DOJ.
Upon her return to Los Angeles, Ochi was appointed to the Police Commission, becoming the first Asian American woman police commissioner. She worked on a number of major policies, including the compressed work schedule and discipline system.
In 2002, she became the executive director of the California Forensic Science Institute at California State University, Los Angeles.
After her retirement, Ochi continued to be active in the community. As a Friends of Manzanar volunteer, she helped raise funds to build Block 14 at the Manzanar National Historic Site.
She was also involved with the community effort to designate Tuna Canyon, a former World War II detention center, as a Los Angeles Historic Landmark. A community coalition had asked Los Angeles Councilmember Richard Alarcon to introduce a motion to support the landmark designation, but the motion faced opposition from a development company that wanted to build housing on the site.
Ochi was still politically connected in City Hall and had close ties to Alarcon, whom she had hired decades earlier as a staff member to the juvenile diversion program. The motion passed unanimously when it was brought before the City Council.
She is survived by Thomas Ochi, a retired architect. She was always appreciative of her husband for treating their marriage as a partnership, at a time when women were viewed as nothing more than housekeepers.


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Grand Canyon National Park Sustains the Local Economy
- Posted: February 28, 2012
Outdoor recreation on Arizona's public lands is a $5 billion industry, according to a 2006 report by the Outdoor Industry Association. Hikers, climbers, campers, hunters, fishermen, mountain bikers and more Arizonans and tons of people from across the United States and the globe enjoy the natural beauty Arizona has to offer.
Many, if not most, tourists in Arizona are coming to Grand Canyon National Park, which generates $415 million of that $5 billion industry. And while the visitors are soaking in the sights, the local economy is reaping the benefits, as "the direct effects of visitor spending are at the local level in gateway regions around national parks," according to the National Park Service's Economic Benefits to Local Communities from National Park Visitation and Payroll, 2010 report (pdf).
The same report finds that spending in Grand Canyon territory had a greater economic impact on local economies than another very popular national park that is almost double in size to the Grand Canyon – Yellowstone National Park. The Grand Canyon National Park had an estimated 750,000 more visitors in 2010 that generated over $80,000 more in visitor spending than Yellowstone.
The graph below is taken from the aforementioned report. It's a quick reference for comparison of the spending and economic impacts of national park visitors on local economies between the Grand Canyon and Yellowstone national parks.
Public Use Data Public Use Data Visitor Spending 2010 Visitor Spending 2010 Impacts of Non-Local Visitor Spending Impacts of Non-Local Visitor Spending Impacts of Non-Local Visitor Spending
Park Unit 2010 Recreation Visits 2010 Overnight Stays All Visitors ($000's) Non-Local Visitors ($000's) Jobs Labor Income ($000's) Value Added ($000's)
*Grand Canyon NP 4,388,386 1,245,883 415,797 415,797 6,167 167,945 265,834
*Yellowstone 3,640,185 1,306,318 334,445 334,445 4,881 135,847 225,635
* For these parks, results are based on a visitor survey at the designated park. For other parks, visitor characteristics and spending averages are adapted from national averages for each park type, adjusted for surrounding populations and spending opportunities.
Original press release issued by the National Park Service on February 28th, 2012:
A new National Park Service (NPS) report shows that almost 4.4 million visitors spent more than $415 million in Grand Canyon National Park and in gateway regions around the park in 2010. In addition, visitor spending supported 6,167 jobs in the local area. The four economic/job sectors most impacted by this visitor spending were lodging, restaurants, retail trade, and entertainment/amusement.
"Grand Canyon National Park is an international icon, attracting visitors from around the world. It's no surprise that it has a substantial impact on the local economy," said Grand Canyon Superintendent Dave Uberuaga. "The opportunity to engage in a wide array of popular recreational activities in one of the world's premier geologic landscapes is a tremendous draw for tourism dollars."
These figures are based on $12.1 billion of direct spending by 281 million visitors in and around 394 national park units around the country and are included in an annual, peer-reviewed, visitor spending analysis conducted by Dr. Daniel Stynes of Michigan State University for the National Park Service. According to the analysis, the 22 national park units in Arizona alone attracted more than 10.5 million visitors who spent approximately $671 million and supported 9,661 jobs in the state.
Across the U.S., local visitor spending added a total of $31 billion to the national economy and supported more than 258,000 jobs, an increase of $689 million and 11,500 jobs over 2009.
To download a copy of Dr. Stynes' report, please go to www.nature.nps.gov/socialscience/products.cfm#MGM and click on Economic Benefits to Local Communities from National Park Visitation and Payroll, 2010. The report also includes information for visitor spending at individual national parks and by state.
For more on how the NPS is working within Arizona, go to www.nps.gov/arizona.
Photo: Grand Canyon National Park Service


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Why Be Catholic?
Catholic Academic Books
Catholic Spirituality
Catholic Literary Works
Catholic Biography & Memoirs
Catholic Practical Theology
Catholic Children's Books
On Writing, Publishing, and Marketing
Jesus-Centered Institute and Dialog Press
Finding Our Way to God: Spiritual Direction and the Moral Life
LIFE Runners Project
Pints with Aquinas
Tiny Thomists
WCAT Radio
WCAT TV
Bookstore Ordering Information
For ongoing updates to this discussion, please visit Kevin's website at https://kevinsymonds.com/
In addition to those named within the book as translators, En Route Books and Media would like to give a special thanks to Dr. Michela Ferri, who proofed the translations against the video interviews. Dr. Michela Ferri is the author of Sacro Contemporaneo, Dialoghi Sull'arte, coming soon in English translation from En Route Books & Media.
Personal Blog Posts:
Sr. Lucia and the Seventh Apparition: https://kevinsymonds.com/2017/05/24/lucia-seventh-apparition/
On the Third Part of the Secret of Fatima
by Kevin J. Symonds
For several decades, there has been much discussion on the famous third part of the secret of Fátima. Originally communicated to the three seers of Fátima in July, 1917, it was not written down until January, 1944. It was then kept under lock and key first in Portugal, then in the Vatican until its eventual release in June, 2000. The long years of its remaining unpublished was accompanied by a desire by various Church officials not to discuss the matter. These two facts and others led to much speculation on the content of the third part of the secret as well as to accusations of a cover-up on the part of the Church hierarchy.
The seemingly endless speculations and accusations have been more prominent since the release of the text in the year 2000. To date, there has been no comprehensive refutation of specific arguments in response to the speculations and accusations.
That fact has now changed. Kevin J. Symonds of Menominee, Michigan has performed some groundbreaking research on the matter in his latest book On the Third Part of the Secret of Fátima.
Utilizing material in six foreign languages, including information from the archives of the Sanctuary of Fátima itself, Kevin weighs many of the arguments in support of conspiracy theories on the third part of the secret. He takes the arguments head-on, explores the sources and critiques the conspiracies. Symonds' findings produce some truly astonishing results that are sure to cause many to re-think their understanding of the message of Our Lady of Fátima.
In this centennial year of Fátima, many of the faithful are renewing their interest in or discovering for the first time the message of Our Lady of Fátima. On the Third Part of the Secret of Fátima is not an introductory book, but will be an excellent source for people already familiar with the topic.
Paperback $26.95 | Kindle $9.99
Revisiting the Vision: Alternative Perspectives on the 3rd Part of the Secret of Fátima, Part 1 (May 13, 2021)
Revisiting the Vision: Alternative Perspectives on the 3rd Part of the Secret of Fátima, Part 2 (June 13, 2021)
Listen to "On the Third Part of the Secret of Fatima with Kresta in the Morning (May 13, 2022)" on Spreaker.
Iota Unum Talk 5 in two parts – Joseph Shaw in Conversation with Kevin Symonds (February 18, 2021)
Iota Unum Talk5 Part 1- Joseph Shaw in Conversation with Kevin Symonds
https://enroutebooksandmedia.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/CAF180319.mp3
Iota Unum Talk 5 Part 2- Joseph Shaw in Conversation with Kevin Symonds
Listen to "Episode 100: Cynthia Toolin-Wilson interviews Kevin Symonds on his On the Third Part of the Secret of Fatima (January 28, 2021)" on Spreaker.
Listen to "Episode 55: Fatima & Miracle of the Sun (PolyPat 5 - Ft. Kevin Symonds) (March 20, 2020)" on Spreaker.
Listen to "Bob Olson interviews Catholic Author Kevin Symonds (December 30, 2016, and January 20, 2017)" on Spreaker.
Catholic Answers Interview (Aired March 19, 2018) – Fatima's Secrets in Context | Catholic Answers
Dr. Michela Ferri – interview for Frontier
Matthew Hoffman – interview with The Catholic World Report
"A Book Review… A Non-Polemical Study The Third Secret Of Fatima." by Donal Anthony Foley
"I'm an amateur researcher, working on the subject of Fátima for years now, and Kevin's book is outstanding. It is the best and up-to-date book on the subject of the secret of Fátima." – Bernardo Motta, author of O Milagre do Sol
"Many strong devotional Catholics are confused because of conflicting interpretations of the prophecies coming from the apparitions of Our Lady of Fatima. Since some of these accuse Popes of concealing certain prophecies, we have long felt a need to read a balanced account. On the Third Secret of Fatima by Kevin J. Symonds, is just what is needed. Why? Because in Symonds' treatise you will find meticulous research, based on writings in many different languages, in a style understandable to the non-theologian. I highly recommend On the Third Part of the Secret of Fatima." – Ronda Chervin, Ph.D., Emerita Professor of Philosophy, Holy Apostles College and Seminary.
This book by Kevin J. Symonds provides a well-researched and fascinating study of the many questions and controversies concerning the third part of the secret of Fátima. This study includes many new insights gathered from the 2013 biography of Sister Lúcia written by the Carmelite Sisters of Coimbra, Portugal. Symonds treats the critics of the Holy See's account of the Fátima secret…with respect and fairness, even though he does not hesitate to expose the flaws of their scholarship. Symonds' book also contains some valuable texts in the appendix…. For those wishing an in depth examination of the third part of the Fátima secret—and one not based on suspicion and conspiracy theories—this is the book to read. — Robert L. Fastiggi, Ph.D. Professor of Systematic Theology, Sacred Heart Major Seminary, Detroit Michigan, former President of the Mariological Society of America https://www.shms.edu/content/dr-robert-fastiggi
In his latest work, On the Third Part of the Secret of Fátima, Kevin J. Symonds offers a valuable contribution to the literature about this aspect of the message given by Our Lady to Lucia, Francisco and Jacinta one hundred years ago. With so much interest in the Third Part of the Secret (or "The Third Secret," as some writers employ), our author presents a useful summary and analysis as well as pertinent documents that are not often seen in English. This reviewer is grateful for those sources, the recommendation concerning the Biography of Sister Maria Lucia of Jesus and the Immaculate Heart penned by the Carmelites of Coimbra entitled, A Pathway Under the Gaze of Mary and Mr. Symonds' plausible contention and exhortation: "We are entering into a new period of the history of Fátima and we ought to be celebrating this fact, not engaging in seemingly endless controversies." – Monsignor Charles M. Mangan, Office of the Marian Apostolate, Diocese of Sioux Falls, http://jmjmorningstar.blogspot.com/
Symonds has done a very thorough job in getting to the bottom–insofar as it is possible–of the various confusions and conspiracy theories on the subject of the Third Secret, making a compelling case that what the Vatican published in 2000 was the whole text of it as written by Sr Lucia. No doubt the debate will continue, but the clarity and intellectual honesty of Symonds' work, with copious reference to the relevant sources in their original languages, will be of enormous assistance for scholars in the future who wish to understand this tangled affair. –Dr. Joseph Shaw, England, http://www.lmschairman.org/
In his ground-breaking work, On the Third Part of the Secret of Fatima, Kevin Symonds shines the light of his careful research on the most fundamental elements of conspiracy theories that claim the existence of a yet-undisclosed text that is sometimes called the "fourth secret of Fatima," clarifying "facts" that are not so factual as they seem and offering reasonable explanations in place of unreasonable conjectures. Symonds' dispassionate and exacting analysis offers a very useful counterbalance to the often hysterical claims of a cover-up regarding the Fatima secret which have distracted many faithful Catholics in their struggle to resist the very real onslaught of neo-modernism in the post-Vatican II Church. This contribution to the literature on Fatima will be welcome to all who are seeking the truth about Sister Lucia de Jesus dos Santos' "third secret." — Matthew Cullinan Hoffman, Catholic journalist and author and translator of The Book of Gomorrah and St. Peter Damian's Struggle Against Ecclesiastical Corruption
Kevin Symonds was born and raised in Massachusetts. He attended Franciscan University of Steubenville, Ohio where he obtained his Bachelors and Masters degrees in Theology with a background in the classical languages. He has worked with the Church's theology of private revelation since 2002 and has published Internet and magazine articles. He is also the author of Refractions of Light: 201 Answers on Apparitions, Visions and the Catholic Church (En Route Books and Media, 2015) and Pope Leo XIII and the Prayer to St. Michael (Preserving Christian Publications, 2015). He lives in Michigan. For more information or to arrange an interview with Kevin, contact him at: spirituskevin@gmail.com or visit him on his web site: www.kevinsymonds.com.
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