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September 1, 2020 September 10, 2020 / stellamarisproductions	/ Leave a comment
When the Greater St. Louis Citizens' Committee for Nuclear Information touted its $10,000 grant from the J.M. Kaplan Fund, the public didn't know the foundation was a CIA front.
The announcement came at the second-annual meeting of the Greater St. Louis Citizens' Committee for Nuclear Safety at the Heman Park Community Center in University City, Mo. on May 8, 1960. More than 500 attendees heard the good news. Their organization had received a $10,000 grant from the J.M. Kaplan Fund to pursue its laudable work. It was cause for celebration. But they were unaware of one string attached to the generous gift, a nettlesome detail that may have dampened their enthusiasm that long ago spring evening: the Kaplan Fund was a CIA front.
Then as now there were ramped up concerns over an ongoing public health crisis. In 1960, the problem was the wind-driven dispersal of nuclear fallout. St. Louisans were worried about the proliferation of nuclear weapons during the Cold War, and the potential health effects that atmospheric testing was having on their children. To address the issue, they enlisted leaders of the scientific community to study the effects of radiation. There was no reason for them to suspect that their local organization's goals had been subverted. That possibility wasn't on anybody's radar back then.
It's a question that's remained unasked until now; a footnote to history that's been buried in the First Secret City for 60 years.
The citizens' committee, a coalition of parents, educators, medical professionals and scientists, had formed in 1959 to measure Strontium-90 levels by collecting the baby teeth of elementary school children in the St. Louis area and elsewhere. The radioactive isotope, known to be present in nuclear fallout, concentrated in human bones and teeth, particularly growing children who consumed milk. Kids were encouraged by parents, teachers and dentists to give their teeth to science instead of the tooth fairy. In return, they were rewarded with a membership card and button to the Operation Tooth Club. The program was called The Baby Tooth Survey. The director of the survey was Dr. Louise Reiss, and its scientific advisory board included Washington University biologist Barry Commoner.
The keynote speaker at the 1960 meeting of the committee was internationally renowned anthropologist Margaret Mead, according to accounts published in the St. Louis Post-Dispatch and St. Louis Globe-Democrat. The same news accounts also reported the generous contribution from the J.M. Kaplan Fund of New York, which later would be revealed in congressional hearings to be a covert conduit for funneling CIA cash.
U.S. Rep. Wright Patman, a Texas Democrat, outed the private foundation's ties to the CIA at a hearing of his House Small Business Sub-committee on Aug. 31, 1964. In addition to the the congressional probe, the Kaplan Fund was also under investigation by the Internal Revenue Service, which confirmed the foundation's ties to the CIA, according to a news story in the New York Times. Jacob M. Kaplan, former head of Welch's Grape Juice company and founder of the non-profit charity, had already garnered IRS attention for using the fund as a tax dodge. Patman's hearings determined that the Kaplan Fund had been used as a CIA front from 1959 to 1964.
U.S. Rep. Wright Patman (Texas-D)
It is uncertain whether the money donated to the St. Louis group was part of the CIA's clandestine operations, but the agency's extensive use of private foundations, including the Kaplan Fund, gained further exposure in subsequent investigative reports that appeared in the late 1960s in the Texas Observer, Nation, and Ramparts magazines.
Mead's presence at the St. Louis meeting, where the the Kaplan Fund's generosity was announced, is intriguing because of her previous involvement in espionage dating back to World War II, when she and then-husband Gregory Bateson, also an anthropologist, produced propaganda in the South Pacific for the Office of Strategic Services (OSS), the precursor to the CIA.
Harold Abramson
In the early 1950s, Bateson tripped on LSD furnished to him by Dr. Harold Abramson, who was part of the agency's top-secret MK-Ultra project, a program that experimented on the use of hallucinogenic drugs and other means to influence and control human behavior. After scoring more of the CIA's acid, he turned on his friend Alan Ginsberg, the beat poet. The funding for Abramson's LSD research was funneled through two other CIA cutouts: the Geschickter Fund for Medical Research and the Josiah Macy Jr. Foundation.
In late November1953, Abramson — an allergist — acted as the unlicensed psychiatrist of Frank Olson, shortly before the Army biological warfare scientist fell to his death from a 13th floor window of the Statler Hotel in New York City. Olson had received counseling from Abramson for anxiety and depression after being wired up on acid by the CIA. While under the influence of the drug, Olson voiced ethical concerns about his germ warfare research to colleagues, which was considered a national security breach by the agency. Abramson and Olson had previously worked on classified aerosol research at Camp Detrick, the Army's chemical warfare research facility in Frederick, Maryland. Olson's unsolved death is the subject of the 2017 Netflix series Wormwood by Errol Morris.
This false cover story, which appeared in the Post-Dispatch on June 23, 1953, hid real purpose of the Army's aerosol testing in St. Louis.
Coincidentally, 1953 is also when the Army began its secret aerosol testing in St. Louis. Parsons Corporation ran that covert military operation out of an office in the 5500 block of Pershing Ave. in St. Louis. The tests involved the spraying of poor, inner-city neighborhoods without residents knowledge. Workers who participated in the study were also kept in the dark. When the testing became known about decades later, the Army said it used zinc cadmium sulfate, which it claimed wasn't harmful to human health. In the 1990s, former Parsons employees said they believed their cancers were caused by being exposed to the chemicals used in the tests. The EPA announced last year that Parsons Corporation was awarded the main contract for the clean-up of radioactive contamination at the West Lake landfill site in St. Louis County. The contamination is from uranium processing conducted by Mallinckrodt Chemical Works in St. Louis for the Manhattan Project.
The Baby Tooth survey, which began six years after the aerosol testing, found a correlation between atmospheric testing of nuclear weapons and Stontium-90 levels in children's teeth in the St. Louis area. But its scientific findings were in some ways eclipsed by the survey's public relations successes. Publicity garnered by the Baby Tooth Survey is credited with spurring the passage of the 1963 Nuclear Test Band Treaty between the U.S. and the U.S.S.R.
Frank Olson never made it home for Thanksgiving.
An earlier covert collaboration by the Atomic Energy Commission, Air Force and Rand Corporation to measure Strontium-90 in humans received harsh criticism, after it was revealed that researchers obtained scientific data by snatching bodies. Beginning in 1953, Project Sunshine collected bone sample from cadavers, including those of stillborn babies.
Hiding in Plain Sight
June 21, 2018 June 23, 2018 / stellamarisproductions	/ Leave a comment
Thousands of KATY Trail users pass by the abandoned Hamburg Quarry without being aware of it. A former quarryman believes what they don't know about the site and its checkered history should concern them.
The abandoned Hamburg Quarry next to the KATY Trail State Park in St. Charles County.
Cyclists whizzing by the abandoned Hamburg Quarry on the KATY Trail in St. Charles County rarely slow down to take a gander at its sheer limestone walls or the placid waters below. Most aren't even aware the historic excavation site is within a stone's throw of the popular bicycle path.
That's largely because the Missouri Department of Natural Resources, the KATY's caretaker, doesn't advertise the site. The Missouri Conservation Commission — the current owner — also doesn't promote the scenic spot. The University of Missouri, which once counted the property as an asset, isn't inclined to acknowledge its past connections to the location, either. The Department of Energy and U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, whose jurisdictions touch on the quarry, seem to have forgotten about the place, too.
It is as if the history of the abandoned quarry sank to the bottom of the submerged pit along with the state and federal government's institutional memory.
But quarryman Kenneth Kerpash hasn't forgotten the place. Hamburg Quarry is where he remembers seeing thousands of rusty, leaky barrels stored back in 1972. He also recalls being told in so many words to look the other way. The scene is permanently chiseled in his mind's eye.
The 65-year-old retired Teamster truck driver from Troy, Mo. has carried the weight of that memory ever since. For a long time, he didn't talk about it, worried his knowledge might jeopardize his job. He stopped working for the quarry operator in 1984, and his unease ebbed.
But in In February, the trucker's concerns reemerged. After decades of indecision, the EPA finally announced its proposed remedy for the the radioactively-contaminated West Lake Quarry and Landfill in North St. Louis County. Since taking over the site in 1990, the agency has neglected to clean up nuclear waste from the Manhattan Project that was illegally dumped in 1973.
For Kerpash, the West Lake and Hamburg sites are linked for one simple reason: both were operated by the same company — West Lake Quarry and Materials Co. — his former employer. He drove a heavy truck for the company at both quarries from 1971 to 1984.
Kerpash doesn't claim to know what the barrels at Hamburg Quarry contained. But based on what he does know about the nearby Superfund site that bears his former employer's name — he suspects the worst. Though the two sites share a common history, there is one stark difference. While knowledge of the troubled West Lake Superfund site has garnered media attention in recent years, the Hamburg Quarry has largely been forgotten.
"There was probably 2,000-plus 55-gallon barrels," he says, referring to the dump site he observed at Hamburg Quarry. "The bottoms was deteriorating and rotting. I asked one of the operators about it and he said, 'We're not loading over by them so don't worry about it.'"
In hindsight, Kerpash believes his exposure to hazardous materials at Hamburg and West Lake Quarry may be the cause of his family's chronic health problems. He has no way of knowing for sure, but he now suspects he may have brought the contamination home with him on his soiled work clothes.
"… My wife and my daughter … washed my clothes. You never give it a thought. But you never know what you carried in," he says. "My wife [now] has stage four ovarian and paraovarian cancer. My daughter has had cancer twice. I've had tumors taken out of my back and large colon.
"If I can can help somebody's life or kids [from] problems that my family's had, I want to help them to get this cleaned up," he says. "I think the EPA has been holding back, and I think they need to get up and get going," says Kerpash. "It needs to be cleaned up not in ten or 15 years. It needs to be cleaned up now."
Kerspash's account raises the question whether radioactively-contaminated waste may also have been quietly disposed of at the West Lake Quarry and Materials Co.'s Hamburg Quarry operation — which the company leased from the University of Missouri.
Mallinckrodt Chemical Works' former Weldon Spring uranium processing facility is 1.5 miles north of Hamburg Quarry. From 1957 to 1966, Mallinckrodt processed uranium there under contract with the Atomic Energy Commission. Waste from the operation was stored on site or dumped at nearby Weldon Spring Quarry. Mallinckrodt's St. Louis plant also dumped radioactive debris from its St. Louis facility at the Weldon Spring Quarry.
Sharing similar geologic characteristics, it's easy to get the Weldon Spring and Hamburg Quarries confused. Both are within walking distance of each other via the state-owned KATY Trail. The difference is that Weldon Spring Quarry, which remains under the watchful eye of the Department of Energy, was drained and cleaned up in the 1990s, while Hamburg Quarry remains largely off the radar. Hamburg Quarry is not identified by name on Google Maps and the Missouri Conservation Commission map for the area identifies it only as a "restricted area."
The Hamburg Quarry is identified only as a "restricted area" by the Missouri Conservation Commission.
The Department of Energy ultimately funded a 16-year clean up of the Weldon Spring Quarry along with Mallinckrodt's Weldon Spring uranium-processing plant, which was completed in 2002 at a cost that soared to nearly $1 billion. The waste from both locations is now stored at the former plant site in an in a giant "containment cell," which now is one of the highest elevations n St. Charles County.
A 1996 DOE map shows the locations of radioactive contamination near Hamburg Quarry next to the KATY Trail.
In 1996, the DOE published a cost-benefit analysis related to the removal of radioactively- contaminated soil that had migrated from the uranium plant's perimeter, flowing downhill. The study includes a map that pinpoints hot spots on a creek that drains into the Missouri River near Hamburg Quarry (see inset).
Another part of the DOE's clean up involved treating the radioactively-contaminated effluents at the uranium plant and discharging the waste via a pipeline into the Missouri River. That pipeline's terminus is located directly across the KATY Trail from the Hamburg Quarry.
Kerpash's wariness seems reasonable when juxtaposed with his former employer's dodgy history and the context of the situation. The most striking and obvious detail is that the Hamburg Quarry is hemmed in on three sides by documented radioactive waste sites. Then there's the fact that company that operated the quarry is a known polluter. In addition, the Missouri Conservation Commission map of the area designates it as a restricted area. For more than 70 years, nobody has lived within miles of the place, but there are plans in the works to develop a subdivision on nearby property owned by the University of Missouri.
There is a good reason why more than 17,000 acres of prime real estate within 30 miles of St. Louis has remained undeveloped and mostly uninhabited: It's against the law to live here.
Under DOE guidelines, recreational use of the area falls within accepted exposure limits, but full-time habitation is prohibited. Potential drinking water contamination has also long been a contested issue due to the proximity of St. Charles County's well fields. Monitoring wells dot the landscape, and there continues to be periodic government testing of the groundwater.
Core samples of the limestone at Hamburg Quarry taken decades ago by the DOE did not raise regulatory eyebrows, but that doesn't necessarily give it a clean bill of health. Available online data about the Hamburg Quarry is limited. What's at the bottom of the quarry lake is anybody's guess. If the thousands of rusty barrels that Kerpash says he observed there were later removed, there is no record of where they were taken.
When Kerpash spoke at an EPA meeting held in February, he was interviewed by members of the media afterward. But months later, he feels abandoned. His message was largely ignored.
Kerpash wants answers. But his allegation only raises questions for regulatory authorities that never have seemed too keen on resurrecting the past. Turning a blind eye to the region's longstanding radioactive waste crisis is nothing new. Mass denial has enveloped the issue from the beginning, spurred by official waffling and the ambivalent attitudes of government, business, and the news media — which accepts government press releases as more reliable than eye-witness accounts.
In this case, however, there is no official version. Kerpash stands alone. Despite the lack of government confirmation of his account, he has not wavered.
"I know what I seen," says Kerpash. "It's the truth."
June 20, 2018 June 21, 2018 / stellamarisproductions	/ 1 Comment
Tee Time: St. Charles real estate baron Greg Whittaker and the University of Missouri have struck a deal that could result in a pricey, golf-course subdivision next door to Weldon Spring, the region's nuclear waste capital — and nobody sees that as a problem
Mizzou wants to sell land it owns in St. Charles County to a subdivision developer. Foes of the plan fear it will blight the scenic beauty of the KATY Trail. But neither side is mentioning the neighboring radioactive waste dump at Weldon Spring — or the possibility that other unknown environmental dangers may lurk nearby.
"There's a lot of people who don't even know Hamburg Quarry exists," says Kenneth Kerpash, who once hauled rock from the limestone pit to barges moored on the Missouri River, where it was used by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers to maintain the navigational channel.
Though the now-abandoned quarry in St. Charles County has largely escaped public attention since closing decades ago, Kerpash hasn't forgotten the thousands of rusty barrels he says he observed there in 1972. At that time, he worked for the West Lake Quarry and Materials Co., which leased the quarry from the University of Missouri.
Mizzou sold the quarry and more than 7,000 acres of surrounding land to the Missouri Conservation Commission in 1978, and later built the Missouri Research Park on an adjacent tract. Facing budget problems, the school now wants to sell almost 200 acres of its remaining land at the location to a developer, who already leases a golf course on the property, and has plans to build hundreds of single-family homes and more than 70 multi-family units there.
NT Home Builders, owned by real estate mogul Greg Whittaker, is credited with building thousands of homes in St. Charles County. Its New Town development in particular has been lauded for its innovative design. A call requesting a comment from NT Home Builders was not returned by press time.
NT and the university have assured the public that the proposed development would adhere to the company's high standards and won't detract from the property's scenic beauty or harm the environment. Opponents fear it will. Foes include existing residents and supporters of the popular KATY Trail State Park that borders the proposed high-end subdivision.
The contentious issue has spurred critics to send hundreds of emails to their elected officials in recent months, demanding the plan be scrapped. Adversaries have packed the gallery at St. Charles County Council meetings, and also posted informational notices along the KATY Trail.
Their hopes were buoyed in April, when the county's Planning and Zoning Commission voted against permitting a zoning change that would allow the project to move forward. Nevertheless, on May 21, the council voted unanimously to delay its final decision to allow the developer more time to amend its already scaled back proposal.
The council's deference to the developer dovetails with the university's preferential treatment, which includes offering to sell the public land without a formal bidding process and failing to disclose the price tag. Lack of transparency has led to rumors of political corruption, and stirred recriminations and acrimony from all quarters.
None of the conflicting interests, however, seems to see the most obvious problem with the pending sale: If built, the proposed development would be within walking distance of the former Mallinckrodt uranium processing plant site in Weldon Spring — where the Department of Energy maintains a mountain of radioactive waste.
Retired Teamster Kenneth Kerpash says he saw thousands of rusty, leaking barrels stored at the Hamburg Quarry in 1972.
The idea of building new homes near a site known to have been contaminated with radioactivity in the past is unconscionable to 65-year-old Kerpash, a retired Teamster truck driver from Troy, Mo. In his opinion, the university and the developer are consorting for short-term gain at the expense of the health of future residents. Kerpash believes the parties to the deal are influenced by profit and the bottom line. "Money talks and bullshit walks," he says.
Council Joe Cronin (1st Dist) urges caution.
St. Charles County Councilman Joe Cronin (1st Dist.) is less strident in his assessment. He says the federal government has told the council that the clean up of the Weldon Spring site has made the area safe. The feds also provide periodic updates, he says. But Cronin adds that serious health concerns are now being raised by some former students of the nearby Francis Howell High School. For this reason, the councilman urges caution.
"I will not vote on approving the proposed subdivision until we have all the facts, which we do not have as of yet," says Cronin. "The university has owned the land of the proposed development for over 70 years. Waiting a bit more to determine the safety of the area would not be that much inconvenience to them."
Under DOE guidelines, large swaths of the adjacent Weldon Spring Conservation Area have been deemed suitable for recreation, but unsuited for full-time human habitation because of the dangers posed by chronic exposure to radioactive contamination. Uranium and thorium present at the location are known human carcinogens and also have been linked to other chronic illnesses.
This DOE map shows the proximity of the radioactively contaminated Southeast Drainage system to the proposed residential subdivision. The University of Missouri is poised to sell the land for an unspecified amount.
In 2005, the DOE published its land use restrictions for the Southeast Drainage area — a 200-foot-wide, 37-acre tract that traverses the land between the proposed residential development and the abandoned Hamburg Quarry. At that time, DOE ruled that long-term institutional controls be imposed due to unsafe levels of radiation that still persist even after the completion of the clean up of that area. The affected tract is now owned by the Missouri Conservation Commission.
According to the DOE: "… [R]esidual soil and sediment contamination remains at some locations within the drainage at levels exceeding those that would support unlimited use and unrestricted exposure. Therefore, land use restrictions are needed in the drainage to prevent residential use or other uses inconsistent with recreational use."
The advisory was published in a document entitled Explanation of Significant Differences, Weldon Spring Site in February 2005 by the U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Legacy Management.
The message is clear: People are not supposed live within the designated boundaries of the 37-acre Southeast Drainage area. Under the DOE's edict, this advisory applies in perpetuity. But apparently the University of Missouri feels that selling its nearby property does not violate its legal or ethical obligations to either the buyer or the public.
University of Missouri President Mun Y. Choi
"The purchaser has been given an opportunity to conduct any environmental studies they deem are necessary," says a spokesperson for University President Mun Y. Choi. The spokesperson adds that the radioactive waste issue is common knowledge to the public.
"…Soil and sediment contamination remains at some locations within the drainage at levels exceeding those that would support unlimited use and unrestricted exposure." — DOE
The property Mizzou wants to sell is part of the original tract of land that the federal government seized at the advent of World War II, and it shares the same sordid environmental history.
In their official records of decision, the DOE and EPA have advised that the primary means of enforcing its restrictions is through "institutional controls," specifically local zoning ordinances. The St. Charles County Planning and Zoning Commission has already recommended not granting the developer a variance. Though the university's property may fall outside the perimeter of the DOE's restricted use area, honoring the spirit of the federal guideline would seem warranted to assure public health. But only one councilman clearly stated his opposition to the plan at the recent county council meeting.
At the May 21 council meeting, Councilman Mike Elam (Dist. 3) praised the developer and the merits of its plan but, nevertheless, rejected the proposal for one reason: its location.
Councilman Mike Elam: "I'm a no vote."
"I really hate where they want to build this," Elam told the audience. "The idea is really good. We wish that when people come to the county and they want to build something, they would be as accommodating as this developer has been," Elam said. "I give them all praise for that. [But] I don't care if you want to put in 450 homes or 250 homes or 50 homes — I still don't like where the development is going in. I'm a no vote." In his statement, Elam didn't state why he was uncomfortable with the location.
The location also bothers Kerpash. From the retired trucker's perspective, it's inane to build new housing next to a site known to have been contaminated with radioactive waste. "It don't take a real smart person to figure that out," he says. "They just got done cleaning up the most hazardous place in Missouri," he says, referring to the Weldon Spring site. "Now they want to build a subdivision there? It's unbelievable."
Kerpash admits he doesn't know what was contained in the rusty barrels he observed at the Hamburg Quarry back in 1972. But when his recollection is added to other evidence, it is enough to give pause.
One red flag that he points out is that his former employer — the West Lake Quarry and Materials Co. — also operated and owned the West Lake Landfill in Bridgeton, Mo., where radioactive waste from the Manhattan Project was dumped illegally in 1973. In early March, the EPA belatedly announced its proposed clean up plans for the West Lake site, and the final remedy is pending.
Both sites are in the Missouri River watershed, which makes the lay of the land a factor to consider as well.
The DOE's nuclear waste disposal cell on Route 94 — the site of the former uranium processing plant — sits on high ground, 1.5 miles uphill from Hamburg Quarry. On the official map of the Weldon Spring Conservation Area, the quarry is anonymously designated as a "restricted area," directly next to the KATY Trail. In the 1990s, the DOE spent millions of dollars cleaning up radioactive contamination in the Southeast Drainage area in between the Hamburg Quarry and the proposed residential development. But unsafe pockets of radioactive contamination remain, according to the DOE.
Vestiges of the area's dark history pop up at other nearby location, too. As part of its 16-year clean up, the DOE also remediated the nearby Weldon Spring Quarry, which is a short bicycle ride in the opposite direction via the KATY. There's also a pipeline that carried treated radioactive waste water from the uranium processing plant clean-up site that skirts the Hamburg Quarry on its way to the Missouri River. The DOE has deemed all these locations suitable for recreation but not full-time human occupancy. Nobody is ever supposed to live here again.
No Man's Land: Dwelling near this part of the KATY Trail is prohibited by the U.S. Department of Energy.
Surrounded by forested public lands and the river, the now-abandoned Hamburg Quarry appears isolated. Additional conservation land on both sides of the river add to the wilderness atmosphere. The location, however, is only a short walk from Mizzou's Research Park, which links with the KATY by way of the Busch Greenway. On weekends, the path is crowded with groups of joggers, who run by the Missouri Bluffs Golf Club, the site of the proposed residential development.
Mallinckrodt operated its uranium plant between 1957 and 1966 under contract with the DOE's predecessor, the Atomic Energy Commission. During this period, the plant and its grounds became polluted with radioactive waste. The contaminated materials were stored on site and also dumped at the Weldon Spring Quarry, four miles south of the plant. Between 1988 and 2002, the DOE oversaw an extensive clean up of both sites that cost almost $1 billion.
Bluffs tower over the Missouri River and the KATY Trail.
The verdant hills and limestone bluffs that border the Missouri River create an illusion that this area is pristine. But long before the uranium waste despoiled the land, it was poisoned by other byproducts of war.
With World War II on the horizon, the town of Hamburg, Mo. and two other villages were razed by the U.S. Army in 1940 to make way for the Weldon Spring Ordinance Works. During the war, the Atlas Powder Co. produced explosives at the site for the Army. Toxic waste from the TNT and DNT production polluted the area.
Mizzou acquired the tainted property after World War II from the federal government for $1. A current Google satellite image of the area shows the unmarked Hamburg Quarry as a spot of blue surrounded by green.
Kerpash suspects that the barrels he saw there in 1972 may still be at the bottom of the quarry lake. If the barrels contained chemical or radioactive materials, the porous limestone topography would allow the toxins to migrate into the groundwater and flow into the Missouri River.
The abandoned Hamburg Quarry is within a stone's throw of the KATY Trail.
Nowadays, cyclists on the KATY Trail whiz by the old Hamburg Quarry without noticing it. The University of Missouri never rebuilt the town that bore the same name after it acquired the property from the Army after the war. Given the toxic history of this place, that was a good call.
Based on what he knows, Kerpash doesn't think people should move back anytime soon.
On the Missouri Conservation Commission's map, the old Hamburg Quarry is identified only as a "restricted area."
September 17, 2016 September 25, 2016 / stellamarisproductions	/ Leave a comment
When cyclists spin their wheels this weekend to commemorate the illegal dumping of radioactive waste at West Lake Landfill, they'll be riding over a very hot roadbed.
The Latty Avenue roadbed in Hazelwood, Mo. is constructed of highly radioactive nuclear weapons waste, according to an overlooked Department of Energy document uncovered this week by the Environmental Archives.
Just hot is it under Latty?
In 1987, Aerospace Corp., a DOE contractor, reported the levels of radiation in one hot spot under Latty Avenue were literally off the charts.
"Activities in the "hot spot" sample were so high that quantitative determinations using initial analytical techniques were not possible, and further analyses (sic) will be required," according to the then-DOE contractor.
The online database released the revelation along with a cache of other records obtained through the Freedom of Information Act.
The release of the document coincidentally corresponds with a planned ride by bicyclists this Saturday to draw attention to St. Louis' longstanding radioactive waste problem.
Tons of radioactively-contaminated materials at the Latty Avenue site were transported and illegally dumped at the West Lake Landfill in 1973 over a three-month period.
More than four decades later, the waste is still there, which has led in recent years to a fight by community members to get the EPA to relinguish control of the site to the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers.
The Corps has cleaned up the former storage area on Latty Avenue and other sites in the St. Louis area as a part of the Formerly Utilized Site Remedial Action Program (FUSRAP).
But the haul route contamination, for the most part, has not been addressed because it allegedly falls below the current clean-up standards set by the Corps. Radioactive contamination that lies under the pavement is now deemed as safe.
In 1987, it was a different story, however, according to the DOE report made public by the Environmental Archive. At that time, the Aerospace Corp., a DOE contractor, expressed concerns over the high levels of Thorium 230 used to construct the Latty Avenue roadbed.
The report concludes that the radioactive materials used to build the road in the 1960s or 1970s most likely came from processing waste generated by the Mallinckrodt Chemical Works of St. Louis under contracts with the top secret Manhattan Project and later the Atomic Energy Commission. Analysis revealed that the high levels of Thorium 230 were evidence that the radioactive contamination was a byproduct of Congolese pitchblende, which is known to be the hottest uranium ore on the planet.
The pitchblende refined by Mallinckrodt was used to build the first atomic bombs.
The Uranium Cookbook
July 21, 2016 July 21, 2016 / stellamarisproductions	/ Leave a comment
The EPA's recent tests of West Lake nuke waste are not unprecendted. Sixty-five years ago the AEC published a recipe by Mallinckrodt Chemical Works on "roasting" pitchblende.
"If you can't stand the heat, get out of the kitchen" is President Harry S Truman's most noted quip. But Truman is remembered more for actions than words.
He ordered the atomic bomb attacks on Japan that ended World War II. Much of the uranium used in those bombs came from African pitchblende ore and was processed by Mallinckrodt Chemical Works of St. Louis. The classified work continued during the Cold War nuclear arms race that followed. As a result, radioactive waste was haphazardly strewn at sites across the region for 20 years.
Embers of that fateful era are still burning today in North St. Louis County, where leftovers from the Manhattan Project remain a topic of heated discussions.
"Heat" is exactly what the Southwest Research Institute in San Antonio applied in its laboratory experiments earlier this year. The purpose of research was to determine whether uranium waste from the makings of the first atomic bombs — dumped decades ago at the West Lake Landfill — threatens to release harmful radon gas if exposed to increased temperatures.
Spurred by public concern, the EPA commissioned the study to see what would occur if the underground fire raging at the adjacent Bridgeton Landfill met the radioactively-contaminated materials (RIM) buried at the West Lake Superfund site. The question has been smoldering since December 2010, when landfill owner Republic Services reported the hellish conditions.
The good news, according to the EPA, is that the tests confirmed that baking RIM does not increase radon gas emissions and in some instances decreases them. Community activists have hotly contested those findings, questioning whether the simulated laboratory conditions are comparable to the real fire in the hole.
The latest assurances appear to be another attempt to stem the firestorm of public distrust that surrounds the topic. Meanwhile, the subterranean smoldering event, as the EPA prefers to call it, continues to burn closer to the RIM.
As the sparks from this drama inevitably create more smoke than light, it should be kept in mind that the flouted tests are not the first to measure the effects of heat on pitchblende. That distinction goes to the Atomic Energy Commission, which published a Mallinckrodt report on the subject in December 1950.
The title of the 65-year-old tract, "The Roasting of Pitchblende Ore," seems more applicable to a macabre cookbook than a scientific treatise. It also conjures up a combination of Arthurian alchemy and biblical fire and brimstone.
Brimstone is the ancient word for sulfur.
Up to ten percent of the content of the pitchblende ore was comprised of sulfur, according to the Mallinckrodt study. In the 20th Century, the Mallinckrodt scientists were not concerned about the health impact of the sulfur or radioactive materials for that matter. Instead, they theorized that removing the sulfur by cooking the pitchblende would save the company money and increase profits.
Sister Cities?
January 23, 2016 February 15, 2016 / stellamarisproductions	/ Leave a comment
St. Louis Shares its nuclear waste — but not a lawsuit — with a Colorado town
by Richard Byrne Jr.
The Riverfront Times, July 24, 1991
Canon City, Colo., and St. Louis have a lot in common. A lot of radioactive waste, that is.
For the most part, it's the same waste. Much of Canon City's waste came from materials piled up in St. Louis during the 1940s and 1950s.
Like St. Louis' nuclear waste, Canon City's waste was moved to its current resting place a true estimate of the dangers to the public.
Like St. Louis' nuclear waste, it's creating fear — and perhaps illness — in those unfortunate enough to live near the Cotter Mill processing plant in Canon City.
Unlike St. Louis' reaction to the waste, the folks in Canon City recently filed a class action suit.
It's a suit that makes some startling allegations:
*Radioactive waste was carelessly shipped and spilled on the journey from St. Louis to Canon City. One carload of radioactive material was, the suit claims, "lost."
*Traces of the waste from the uranium-processing plant near Canon City have been found in Arkansas River.
*The company that runs the plant — Cotter Corporation — has a long history of failing to meet state guidelines for the processing and storage of radioactive materials.
Cotter also had a hand in St. Louis' radioactive contamination as well, when unbeknownst to regulators, it abandoned 8,700 tons of radioactive materials too weak to be reprocessed in the West Lake Landfill in St. Louis County at a depth of only three feet.
Can we learn something from the folks in Canon City?
In the past few years, St. Louisans have become acquainted with their nuclear waste. It's about time, too. For years, St. Louis' role in the dawning of the nuclear age and the risks associated with it were either underestimated, glossed over or, worse yet, kept secret.
But even now, as the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) circulates its draft cleanup plans for the downtown Mallinckrodt Chemical Works, and as the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services issues a report calling the St. Louis Airport site (SLAPS) and Latty Avenue sites a "potential public health concern," St. Louisans aren't moving to gain significant input into the cleanup plans.
The residents of Canon City have taken their battle to court and sued the processors (Cotter Corporation and its parent company Commonwealth Edison) who brought the St. Louis Airport Cakes" to their town and the two railroad companies (Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe and Santa Fe Pacific) who shipped it there.
the plaintiffs recently filed their fourth amended complaint in federal district court in Colorado.
"What we're trying to do here is to get these companies to step forward and take care of their responsibilities," says Lynn Boughton, a Canon City resident and one of the leading parties in the lawsuit.
The suit, which seeks a half-billion dollars in damages, charges the companies with , among other things, "negligence," "willful and wanton conduct," and "outrageous conduct." The suit cites health risks to area residents, a precipitous drop in property values and the inaction of the defendants, even to this day, to take measures to improve the situation.
"No cleanup's been undertaken yet," Boughton says angrily. "Even after our suit's brought all this to light. The only thing that's happened is that (Cotter) has fenced the area."
Cotter Corporation did not respond to RFT calls, but the lawsuit says that in a deposition conducted in February of this year, Cotter President (and Commonwealth Vice President) George Rifakes denied that there are carcinogenic materials at Cotter Mill.
The history of Canon City's waste is inextricably tangled with St. Louis' nuclear history — a history as long as the nuclear age itself.
In fact, the radioactive material that ended up in Canon city also resides at all four of St. Louis' waste sites. The was was originally generated by the processing of uranium ores at the downtown Mallinckrodt plant from 1946 to 1956, and was stored at SLAPS for another 10 years.
In 1966 the Atomic Energy Commission (AEC) the precursor to the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC), sold the residues to Continental Mining and Milling Corporation for $126,000.
Continental moved the materials to their site at 9200 Latty Ave. in Hazelwood. It was during this move that the haul routes along which the waste was moved were contaminated as well.
"The trucks that moved it weren't covered or wetted," says DOE spokeperson David Adler. "This move is what caused the haul-route contamination.
The stuff that Continental moved to Latty Avenue was residue from some of the highest-grade uranium available in the early 1940s — imported to the United States from the Belgian Congo.
"These materials were pretty hot stuff," says local activist Kay Drey. It's all the stuff that we still have out there. "
Continental went bankrupt a few years later, and that's where Cotter stepped in, buying the residues, or raffinates, in order to dry them and ship them to its plant in Colorado to extract the remaining uranium. Cotter shipped these residues by rail to Canon City between 1970 and 1973.
According to the lawsuit, Cotter's shipping [of the waste] was a disaster. Two of the railroad sites used to unload the raffinates are contaminated with hazardous radioactive waste. The lawsuit claims that is documentation of spillage of materials along the railroad tracks and that one "entire carload of uranium is unaccounted for."
The suit also claims that public access to these sites was never restricted and that placards warning of radioactive material were never placed on the site.
If you think that's bad, however, it's nothing compared to what the lawsuit claims happened at Cotter Mill itself. The lawsuit claims that Cotter didn't have a license to process the raffinates they shipped to Colorado and that two-thirds of the material was processed before Cotter notified the state. The suit also claims that some of the raffinates brought to Colorado were never processed and sit on the grounds, without cover and exposed to the elements. (Much of the St. Louis waste is covered with a tarpaulin, which has occasionally blown off.
The raffinates that were processed, the suit claims, have seeped into the groundwater, making their way to the nearby Arkansas River.
`Boughton, a chemist at Cotter until 1979, says that the company didn't even tell its employees about the danger.
"No one told us what the isotopic content of this material was," Boughton says. "We had processed a lot of the material when it came back to us through a lab that was following the material."
What the material was full of, the suit claims, is thorium-230 and protactinium-231. Both are highly dangerous wastes, with measurable concentrations also present in the St. Louis' piles. Boughton was later diagnosed as having lymphoma cancer — a cancer associated with thorium-230.
The lawsuit also lists a long series of citations of Cotter Mill — by the AEC and the state of Colorado — for non-compliance with license regulations, citiations dating back to 1959.
St. Louisans can feel bad for the residents of Canon City. they can even regret that it's waste form the St. Louis area that has wreaked such havoc on their lives and property. But what relevance does Canon City case have for St. Louisans?
First, of course, is Cotter's illegal dumping of 8,700 tons of radioactive waste at West Lake Landfill, near Earth City. A History of the St. Louis Airport Uranium Residues, prepared by Washington, D.C.'s Institute for Energy and Environmental Research (IEER), claims that Cotter dumped the waste "without the knowledge or approval…"
The IEER report also claims that the NRC has urged Cotter to "apply promptly for a license authorizing remediation of the radioactive waste in the West Lake Landfill." The reports also says that Cotter has not yet taken any remeidal action.
But lawyers and activists insist that it's not just the waste here in St. Louis that should turn local residents eyes to the Colorado lawsuit.
Louise Roselle, a Cincinnati lawyers who is aiding in the Colorado lawsuit, claims that the Colorado suit "is part of a growing amount of litigation in this country by residents around hazardous facilities."
Kay Drey says that the Colorado suit is also interesting because of the research that's being done on the materials that are contaminating Canon City.
"That's basically the same stuff we have here," Drey says. It's just more splattered here — at a couple different sites."
It's the splattering effect in St. Louis that makes these sites more difficult to characterize and to remediate. The DOE is in the middle of the process of remediating a number of St. Louis sites — particularly SLAPS, Latty Avenue, and Mallinckrodt. But a record of decision —the DOE and Environmental Protection Agency's official decision on what to do with St. Louis' waste — is not due until 1994.
Drey says that St. Louisans need to keep the pressure on and take an interest in their nuclear waste.
"We need to let our leaders know that we want this stuff out of here," Drey says. "What's interesting about this lawsuit is that (Canon City) is looking into what it casn do with its waste."
The Dow-Madison Site
"For decades radioactive dust was falling on me and my coworkers everyday," says Larry Burgan, a 50-year-old disabled steelworker. "Millions of pounds of uranium were processed through my machine and no one ever told me — never told us. We deserve justice; justice not just for the employees, but the residents, too."
The problems at Spectrulite began the year before Burgan was born, when the foundry was owned by Dow Chemical Co. Dow processed uranium at the plant between 1957 and 1961 under a subcontract with St. Louis-based Mallinckrodt Chemical Co., which was working for the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission (AEC). Dow's work caused radioactive debris to accumulate on overhead girders — where it was ignored for decades.
In 2000, when the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers oversaw a radioactive cleanup at the Spectrulite plant, a spokesman for the agency assured employees and the public that the radiation levels inside the plant were low and there was no reason for concern. But in less than a year Burgan's health began to decline.
He says the first hint was when he noticed shortness of breath after climbing stairs. Then he developed a pain in his right foot. His hair began to fall out. Over the next year, his condition improved temporarily and then worsened. He started experiencing severe joint pain throughout his body. His doctor's visits became more frequent and he was having difficulty doing his job. Eventually, he became bedridden and unable to walk. A severe rash covered his entire body. …
The Department of Energy conducted the first radiological testing at the facility in March 1989, which showed elevated levels of Uranium-238 and Thorium-232. A story published in the St. Louis Post-Dispatch the previous month had spurred the government to do the testing. The story was based on the earlier research of Kay Drey.
In 1979, the St. Louis environmental activist had interviewed a terminally-ill truck driver who had delivered uranium ingots from Mallinckrodt Chemical in North St. Louis to the Dow plant in Madison. The truck driver attributed his lung cancer to his occupational exposure to radiation in the late 1950s and early 1960s.
The Madison plant had assembled tanks during World War II. Six years after the war, the federal government sold the facility to Dow. In 1957, Dow was licensed by the AEC to process fuel rods for nuclear reactors under the subcontract with Mallinckrodt. The uranium processing continued for four years. During that time, radioactive dust escaped as the uranium was heated up and forced through the extrusion press.
But uranium wasn't the only radioactive material discovered by the Energy Department in 1989. Government records obtained by Burgan also show elevated levels of thorium present in the overhead girders. The records also show that by the summer of 1960, the plant had imported 80 tons of thorium pellets from Canada. Thorium was used in the making of lightweight alloys for military and aerospace applications, another job that Dow did at its Madison plant.
As work continued, the nuclear waste mounted. Dow's original disposal plan called for the waste to be incinerated. But the burning couldn't keep up with the increased volume of waste that was being generated. So between 1960 and 1973, Dow dumped millions of pounds of sludge containing 4 to 8 percent thorium behind the plant in a vacant lot that is adjacent to neighborhood residences. This level is several times over the current safety standards. Company guidelines also permitted up to 50 pounds of thorium sludge per month to be poured directly down the sewer. The radioactive contamination could also have been released into the environment by the plant's several 20-foot diameter exhaust fans.
John Gofman's Revelation
by C.D. Stelzer, the Riverfront Times, 1997
JOHN W. GOFMAN, a professor emeritus of medical physics at the University of California at Berkeley, has long contended that there is no safe level of radiation exposure. "I concluded it's impossible for such a level to exist given the evidence on how radiation works," says Gofman. The term "low-level radiation" is a political term used by the nuclear industry to lull the public into accepting exposure risks, he says. Similar phrases also downplay the consequences. "The terms `tolerance level,' `allowable level,' `permissible dose' — those are all phenomenal words that are supposed to tell Joe Six-Pack, `Nothing to worry about — there ain't no harm.' That's why these terms came into existence," he asserts.
The 79-year-old Gofman is in a unique position to advise on such matters because he is a physician and holds a doctorate in nuclear physical chemistry. His research at Berkeley during World War II attracted the attention of J. Robert Oppenheimer, lead scientist in the Manhattan Project. After working on the atomic bomb at Oppenheimer's request, Gofman completed his medical studies. But in 1969, Gofman fell from grace with the atomic establishment when he challenged the "acceptable" levels of radiation exposure then allowed.
After being ostracized by the atomic establishment for years, Gofman's scientific opinions have been widely accepted of late. In 1990, for instance, after years of debate by U.S. scientists, a report by the fifth conference on the Biological Effects of Ionizing Radiation (BEIR V) concluded that radiation effects are proportional to dose in all cases. More recently, says Gofman, "The United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation said that the weight of evidence comes down on the side of no safe level. And the British National Radiological Protection Board in 1995 published a document in which they have now said that there can be no safe dose."
Covering Up Human Radiation Experimentation
from Riverfront Times reporting by C.D. Stelzer
Even as it denied the seriousness of nuclear fallout, the government was conducting secret experiments on radiation exposure. A 1986 congressional investigation headed by U.S. Rep. Edward J. Markey of Massachusetts found that, as a part of the Manhattan Project, American scientists injected unsuspecting patients with plutonium. Afterward, the surviving subjects weren't informed of the experiment for more than 20 years, because the word "plutonium" was classified information during World War II. The list of these kinds of incidents is long.
Airport Site Description, 1997
Airport Overview
from 1997 Riverfront Times reporting by C.D. Stelzer
It's hard to tell, at a glance, that the work in progress here is part of an overall federal project estimated to cost nearly $800 million. Ordinary building materials — bales of straw, rocks and plastic sheeting — create a setting common to construction sites. But this is no ordinary erosion-control action. Soil at this location, known in regulatory circles as SLAPS (St. Louis airport site), harbors deadly byproducts of the nuclear-weapons industry, which developed during World War II and mushroomed in the Cold War. From 1946 until the mid-1960s, the U.S. Army — and, later, the Atomic Energy Commission (AEC) — dumped hundreds of thousands of cubic yards of radioactive waste, residue from uranium processing at the Mallinckrodt Chemical Works in St. Louis.
As a consequence, the acreage, which is now owned by the St. Louis Airport Authority, has been contaminated with increased levels of uranium-238, radium-226 and thorium-230, according to the DOE. This is no new discovery, of course. Official foot-dragging has been going on for decades. More than 20 years ago the DOE discovered that contaminants had migrated into ditches next to McDonnell Boulevard, where they have settled only inches from the surface. There are still no signs to warn passersby or curious onlookers of this danger.
Failure to inform the public and act in a timely manner has been the hallmark of this case. At the same time, public-health officials have consistently downplayed or ignored the potential health consequences of radiation exposure. After allowing the waste to spread for more than 50 years, the federal government is now belatedly rushing to deal with the problem in a fashion comparable to its past negligence. In the process, rules have been sidestepped and decisions made without a full understanding of their implications. The powers-that-be first attempted to keep the problem a secret, after World War II, for "national-security reasons." By the late 1970s, however, the festering pollution had become a heated public issue.
The waste itself has proven even more difficult to contain than the controversy over it.


Melt butter in a large skillet over medium heat; add onion, garlic, and mushrooms, and sauté 3 to 4 minutes or until liquid evaporates. Stir in peas and remaining ingredients; cover and cook 4 minutes. Stir and cook, uncovered, 4 minutes or until thoroughly heated.


Murdoch Nisbet was a Scotsman who lived in Hardhill in the parish of Loudon and shire of Ayr. Before 1500 he turned against "Popery" and associated himself with the Lollards who were the followers of John Wycliffe. During the reign of James V of Scotland he fled Scotland because of persecution by the Papists. When he returned he went into hiding in a "vault at the bottom of his house" where he remained until the death of King James V.
Nisbet took Purvey's revision of Wycliffe's earlier New Testament and altered the grammar and vocabulary to make it easily readable to his countrymen. The original manuscript was made by Nisbet but it remained hidden in his family until the end of the 19th century when it was acquired by Lord Amherst of Hackney. He allowed the Scottish Text Society to edit the manuscript for publication.
In spite of the fact that this version likely predates Tyndale's translation of the New Testament it had no impact on the history of the Bible in the British Isles since it remained a single manuscript hidden from public view. This publication was edited by Thomas Graves Law and Dr. Joseph Hall. Dr. Hall took over the editing after Dr. Law became ill and completed the project after Dr. Law's death.
Click here For sample verses from the translation by Murdoch Nisbet.
Title: The New Testament in Scots being Purvey's Revision of Wycliffe's Version Turned into Scots by Murdoch Nisbet c. 1520 edited from the unique ms. in the possession of the Lord Amherst of Hackney by Thomas Graves Law, LL.D. Vol I.
References: Herbert 2523; Chamberlin p. 566-1, Tulloch p. 3-10, Taliaferro-EELBV 7005.
Title: The New Testament in Scots being Purvey's Revision of Wycliffe's Version Turned into Scots by Murdoch Nisbet c. 1520 edited from the unique ms. in the possession of the Lord Amherst of Hackney by Thomas Graves Law, LL.D. Vol II.
Title: The New Testament in Scots being Purvey's Revision of Wycliffe's Version Turned into Scots by Murdoch Nisbet c. 1520 edited from the unique ms. in the possession of the Lord Amherst of Hackney by Thomas Graves Law, LL.D. Vol III.


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text:
Q: Pre-rendering a lot of images in HTML5 canvas, good idea? A lot of things on the internet are very conflicting on how to deal with things.
Here's my situation:
I'll be building a client in javascript, using the HTML5 canvas, the canvas will contain multiple images (ranges from 20 to 5000), which will have to be drawn, they can also move (sometimes all at once).
Now I will only redraw "differences" in the screen instead of the whole screen, but still, should I pre-render the images somehow? Cases can occur where a lot of the images will be moving.
I read about pre-rendering them in an off-screen canvas, and that would help to render them again. But does that method really help me to improve the performance? I mean it is not professional at all to have a canvas for every image right?
If not, are there other good methods to help rendering everything? Or shouldn't I worry about performance?
Using multiple layers isn't an option here by the way. (actually what i described here is 1 layer of 3 already)
Kind regards
Jonas

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
VISITOR MEMBER GOLD MEMBER LIFE MEMBER Username : Password : LOGIN
Your status >> REGISTER --- ---
Welcome to Around People Finder,
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steve wilsons
> (DOB 1968) - sutton/ United Kingdom
relaxed and hardworking with a demon sense of humour
(DOB 1950) - paignton/ United Kingdom
x raf good egg
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> (DOB 1950) - california/ United States
petite, medium built pleasant looking
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> (DOB 1973) - Staffordshire/ United Kingdom
funny, funny, & funny
stuart holland
> (DOB 1971) United Kingdom
||LOOK
Peter Nosco
> (DOB 1950) - British Columbia/ Canada
victoria Holmes
> (DOB 1982) - wakfield/ United Kingdom
22 years old studied at park lane college in leeds looking for Joanna Buckley||SCHOOL
Patrick (O)
> (DOB 1959) - Madrid/ Spain
Tall, irish.||SCHOOL
(DOB 1990) - England/ United Kingdom
Tall and Short hair
(DOB 1945) - Oxfordshire/ United Kingdom
Project manager, international education arts project. Previously, international marketing consultant.
> (DOB 1945) - London/ United Kingdom
(DOB 1947) - London/ United Kingdom
be bothered to enter anything||LOOK
Ben Flowers
> (DOB 1986) - Kingston Upon Hull UK/ United Kingdom
Son of philip antony flowers and Patricia Flowers (Williams)
Gabriel Galdores
> (DOB 1972) - Philippines/ Philippines
chubby, filipino, fair complexion
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> (DOB 1971) - sydney/ Australia
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Barry Stone
> (DOB 1943) - pinner/ United Kingdom
Married guy living in Pinner Middlesex||LOOK
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> (DOB 1942) - Florida/ United States
Searching for old friends
Nick Dunn
> (DOB 1981) - Nottingham/ United Kingdom
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text:
Keep Your Powder Dry [Woman's Army]
Lana Turner, Laraine Day, Susan Peters, Agnes Moorehead, June Lockheart (starring)
Edward Buzzell (director)
Mary C. McCall Jr., George Bruce (screenwriters)
N.p. N.p., 1943. Draft script for the 1943 film, seen here under the working title "Woman's Army." Presentation copy belonging to screenwriter George Bruce, bound in full red leather with gilt titles and rule, and Bruce's name in gilt on the bottom right corner of the front board. SIGNED round robin style by director Edward Buzzell, actors Lana Turner, Laraine Day, Susan Peters, Agnes Moorehead, June Lockheart, and other cast and crew members on the first two leaves.
Included with the script are six loose mimeographed leaves detailing Bruce's film and television resume, with occasional holograph pencil annotations noting the names of actors that appeared in the films.
A wartime collaboration between Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer and the Women's Army Corps, about the experiences of three different women—a wealthy debutante, a military brat, and a recently married woman—after they enlist in the WAC.
Screenwriter George Bruce was best known for "The Duke of West Point" (1938), "South of Pago Pago" (1940), and "Two Years Before the Mast" (1946).
Housed in a brown paper slipcase. 183 leaves, with last page of text numbered 180. Mimeograph duplication, rectos only. Near Fine in a Near Fine slipcase.
See all items in: 1940s Cinema, Film Scripts, Presentation Scripts, US Army, Women's Interest, World War II


How Did Chopsticks Get to Japan?
September 9, 2013 / Did You Know?
The Japanese chopsticks came a long way from their humble origins in China to our Bothell Japanese restaurant. It is believed that the original chopsticks were used five thousand years ago in ancient China. When fuel was scarce, the Chinese would cut up their meat into small pieces so that it would cook more efficiently….
September 2, 2013 / Did You Know?


I get the same clan error too, when I am using the no-DVD crack. When I reinstall the original EXE and run it from the drive I have no problems.
I'll be willing to bet if people actually paid for the software they use that they would have FAR less problems with it. I dunno, just seems that way to me.


text:
The Dinner Puzzle
Dinner in honour of Lady Rhondda
The Tables
Table 1 "Clare's Table"
Table 2 "The Working Group"
Table 3 "Meet The Gledstones"
Table 4 "Debate Debate"
Table 5 "Make A Noise"
Table 6 "Table For Mrs Holtby"
Table 7 "Theodora's Table"
Table 8 "Kate's Press Salon"
Table 9 "Vera's Writing Circle"
Table 10 "The Serious Six"
Table 11 "A Curious Chemistry"
Table 12 "Food Glorious Food"
Table 14 "Clever Carers"
Table 15 "Tom's Table"
Table 16 "The Four Medics"
Table 17 "Finlays, Harrisons, White and the Three Mysteries"
Table 18 "Helen's Heroines"
Table 19 "Time & Tide, Past and Present"
Table 20 "Liberal Politics and Travel Tales"
Table 22 "Suffrage, the T&T Poet and a Mystery Guest"
Table 23 "The Senior Ladies"
Reviving Lady Rhondda by Angela V. John
Navigation Hints
Richard Rhys O'Brien
Mrs J.H. Whitworth
Mrs J. H. Whitworth, Ida Mary Whitworth née King, 43, (1889-1959), a Quaker, daughter of milliner Julia Constance King née Oliver, at this table, and Alfred John King, cotton bleacher and Liberal MP. Ida had four daughter but her barrister husband Major John Howarth Whitworth died of his wounds near Rouen in April 1918. Ida was active in WW2 in support of refugees from Germany.
Have you a picture of Ida or of her mother Julia (Mrs Alfred J. King)?
SEATED BESIDE
Probably the chance to talk directly with the two gentlemen at the table would have been good.
WHAT'S ON HER MIND?
We don't know what she was active in at this time: her daughters (between 14 and 18) had not yet flown the nest so doubtless on the lookout for opportunities for them as well as causes that she herself could get involved in. Conversations with JT and with Gordon West may have given her ideas. And this was an opportunity to meet many other women who had contributed greatly to society.
WHAT IDA DID… HER STORY SO FAR
Ida Mary King was born on 11th October 1889, in Rainow, Cheshire, the eldest child of Julia Constance King née Oliver, milliner, and the Quaker cotton bleacher and MP Alfred John King. She had two brothers: John F. Constance King (born in Rainow in 1894) and Philip Fell King (born in 1897, in Bollington, Cheshire, later a cotton manufacturer).
In 1913 Ida married barrister and would be Liberal MP John Howarth Whitworth. In their short marriage they had four daughters, Julia Marian, 17.5.1914, Elizabeth Mary, 27.8.1915, Ida Margaret 7.10.1916 and Joan H. in late 1918, all both in Cheshire with the exception of Joan who was born in Cumbria. But Ida's husband John died of his wounds near Rouen, in April 1918, before the birth of his fourth daughter. His younger brother had been killed in action in 1914. John had tried twice to be a Liberal candidate.
John Howarth Whitworth 1879 – 1918
WHAT IDA DID NEXT
In 1938 the Quakers in Manchester set up the 'Refugee Committee of the Society of Friends in Manchester and District' (QRC). Ida's future son in law, Roger Carter of the Berlin Quaker Centre, witnessed Kristallnacht in Berlin in 1938. Ida was regarded as one of the more well-to-do members and at one point she had four refugees living with her and her daughters in their home, Woodburn, Red Lane, Disley in Derbyshire: Gerta Flack and her son, Peter, from Germany; Fritz Pringsheim (later Professor of Roman Law at Oxford) and his wife, Kathe, from Freiburg im Greisgau. In the 1939 census three different refugees are listed, two from Austria, in paid domestic service, and a former teacher from Germany. Also living with her was a child of one of the several families from Guernsey who settled in Disley after the German occupation of the Channel Islands.
Ida had "lived for prolonged periods in various parts of the Continent, including Germany and Italy", and was said to have had personal knowledge of Fascism and its effects; her daughter Julia, who also joined the committee, had studied German and music in Freiburg – Julia, who was studying at Manchester University in 1939, married Roger Carter in 1940.[1] [2] Ida's daughter Ida Margaret married in 1941.
Reports suggest that Ida had four daughters with her at the time of housing refugees, but it would seem that her third daughter Elizabeth had died in hospital in London in 1937.[3]
Ida died in The Christie Hospital, Withington, Manchester, on 24th August 1959, when resident at Spring Cottage, Skelwith, near Ambleside, Westmoreland.
BACK TO TABLE 20
[1] Bill Williams, Research Fellow, Centre for Jewish Studies, University of Manchester. Honorary President, Historic Adviser and a founder member of Manchester Jewish Museum. SERIOUS CONCERN, Manchester Quakers , and Refugees, 1938-40, accessed online 3.3.2019
[2] Bill Williams, Jews and Other Foreigners Oxford University Press, 9.4.2013
[3] Ancestry sources and Wills.
Tagged Campaigner, Daughter, Mother, Photo Needed, Quaker, War Experience
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Last night we had the full moon yoga event that the Gypsy Haven. Heather did a great job teaching and everyone seemed to really enjoy it. We got to see shooting stars while doing yoga and eventually saw the full moon rising at the end of the class. Doing yoga outdoors is a very different experience, but I really like it and almost prefer it!
Yesterday was full of yoga and meditation. I taught a clairvoyant class over the phone to student on deprogramming the second chakra. We worked on clearing out programming that just doesn't belong there anymore and replaced it with his energy and information. That is something we do for all the major chakras in the Language of Spirit Training.
I like going to the Gypsy Haven because people get what I do. I don't feel judged which is a relief. The more classes and events we do, the more excited I get. I really love what we do and can't wait to see how this journey continues to unfold.
We will be moving to a new campground soon, but will still reside in the outskirts of Chicago. As long as the event doesn't get cancelled I will most likely be filming a car show this weekend and will post a video and / or pictures on our facebook page. Go like our page now to follow our journey!


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Admissions and studies
Department of Estonian
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5th Saami Linguistics Symposium is held in Tartu
#international
On 22-23 September 2022, the 5th Saami Linguistics Symposium (SAALS-5) will take place at the University of Tartu. The Symposium is the continuation of a series of international symposia previously held in Tromsø in 2006 and 2009, Freiburg in 2017 and Uppsala in 2019. The purpose of the symposium is to give researchers the opportunity to present current research to their peers, participate in formal and informal discussions on relevant topics, and explore potential opportunities for future collaborative work. We especially encourage younger researchers at the Master's and Ph.D. levels to present their work.
Papers related to any aspects of Saami languages and linguistics, including the sociology of language, language teaching, and language revitalization, are welcome. The keynote address will be given by Maria Polinsky (University of Maryland, College Park) and is entitled "Structural parallels between endangered and heritage languages." With this in mind, we are particularly looking forward to papers about heritage and/or endangered language research concerning Saami languages.
We are also pleased to host a workshop on using KORP for Saami linguistics research led by Trond Trosterud from Giellatekno at the University of Tromsø on Friday afternoon (make sure to bring your own laptop).
The registration desk opens at 8:30, and the conference itself commences at 9:00 on Thursday morning. For more details about the times and locations of events, see the program and also check out the boxes below for more information.
The call for papers is now closed, but can be found here:
easychair.org/cfp/saals5
Until 23 Sep
SAALS 5
Joshua Wilbur
Centre for Digital Humanities and Information Society, University of Tartu
Lecturer in Digital Linguistics
Jakobi 2-417
joshua.wilbur@ut.ee
Venue, events, registration, etc.
Participation and registration
There is no registration or participation fee, but we ask you to register your participation by 31 August at the latest so we know how many people to expect and can prepare name tags, etc. Registration is now closed, but feel free to join us for any events anyway. Online participation will also be possible (see below for details).
Symposium venue
The symposium will take place in the main building of the university located at Ülikooli 18. Most talks will be in Veski auditorium (room 139) and coffee breaks next door in room 140. On Friday, the parallel sessions and the KORP workshop will take place in Vilipi auditorium (room 232). Unfortunately, there is some renovation work going on in the building, but we are optimistic that it will not negatively affect the conference.
Events, meals, breaks
Coffee and snacks during breaks will be provided for participants free of charge, but participants are responsible themselves for all other costs (such as travel, accommodations and meals – see below for practical information). The conference dinner will take place at Vilde ja Vine on Thursday evening at 18:30 (participants will have to pay for their own meals and drinks at the restaurant); please register your meal choice before 10:30 on Thursday via this link (NB: you have to first enter your email, then you will receive a link to open the menu to choose from). On Wednesday evening, we will have an informal gathering starting at 20:00 at Pühaste kelder, located at Rüütli 11.
Due to the current geo-political and public health situations, SAALS-5 will also be accessible online using Zoom, which is available both as an app or via a browser window.
For those presenting online, please join the respective session at least 5 minutes before the beginning of your session, even if your talk isn't the first talk. Please make sure you have a good, stable internet connection, and that you are in a quiet place so that your voice can be heard clearly through your microphone. When it is your turn, you will need to share your screen if you have slides to show. Ideally, you should also turn on your video camera so the audience both in Tartu and online can see you.
For others participating in SAALS online but not presenting, simply join the session meeting via the zoom links below (or indicated for each session on the program), and keep your microphone muted. If you have comments or questions, you can write them directly in the chat or indicate there that you would like to say something during discussion. We prefer to see the faces of online participants, so it would be nice if you turn your cameras on.
Sessions that take place in room 139 can be accessed via this link.
Practical information about Tartu
Travelling to Tartu
By air: the Tallinn airport is the best choice, and has regular connections to Helsinki, Stockholm and Oslo and other large European cities. To reach Tartu from the Tallinn airport, it is easiest to take one of the regular bus connections to the Tartu bus station with Lux Express. You can also ride the train with Elron from Ülemiste station (about a 10 minute walk from the airport) to Tartu station (about a 20 minute walk from downtown).
Tartu does have an airport, but it is served by a single Finnair flight to/from Helsinki on weekdays (that's the only option); currently, there is no airport bus service, so a taxi (about 10€) is the only option from the airport to town and back.
By sea: there are multiple ferry connections from Helsinki each day with Tallink, Viking Line or Eckerö, and occasional connections from Stockholm with Tallink. From the Tallinn harbor, you can take public transportation to the Tallinn bus station and then a bus from there with Lux Express, or to the Tallinn train station, then a train from there with Elron.
Transportation in Tartu
Tartu is not a very big city, and most destinations are downtown anyway, or accessible from downtown on foot within 30 minutes. For other options, see:
city bus network
"smart bike" rental system
taxi app
the city tourism website
Many hotels and hostels with various price ranges are available in Tartu. You can check out the city tourism website for ideas.
Tartu has a lot of good quality, relatively affordable restaurants and bars. To get an impression, check out the city tourism website. Weekday lunch specials ("päevapraad") are listed here and here.
Organization team and financial support
The symposium is being organized by Joshua Wilbur, Helen Türk and Merit Niinemägi from the Institute of Estonian and General Linguistics at the University of Tartu. Financial and organizational support come from the Institute of Estonian and General Linguistics and the University of Tartu's structural support fund.
SAALS-5 program
Methodological perspectives on research into Proto-Uralic and West Uralic
On 14th and 15th June 2022 a conference entitled "Methodological perspectives on research into Proto-Uralic and West Uralic" will be held at the Faculty of Arts and Humanities, University of Tartu.
European Commission funds linguists' consortium
Eesti ja üldkeeleteaduse instituut sai Euroopa Komisjonilt rahastuse konsortsiumi MEDAL projekti käivitamiseks
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Six Years Running, SIA Names Beacon Hill Staffing Group to Both "Fastest-Growing U.S. Staffing Firms" and "Largest U.S. Staffing Firms" Lists
Once again, Staffing Industry Analysts has named Beacon Hill Staffing Group to two of its prestigious lists – "Largest U.S. Staffing Firms" and "Fastest-Growing U.S. Staffing Firms."
Beacon Hill achieved its eleventh consecutive year on SIA's list of fastest-growing U.S. staffing firms, ranking #85 with a compound annual growth rate of 16.8%. The list is comprised of 94 U.S. staffing firms that posted compound annual revenue growth rates of 15 percent or more. Beacon Hill was also one of six firms on the list with 2017 staffing revenues exceeding $400 million.
Additionally, Staffing Industry Analysts named Beacon Hill to its list of "Largest U.S. Staffing Firms", ranking #35 with $413 million in U.S. staffing revenue. 2018 marks the sixth year in a row that BHSG has been named to both lists.
"It is a true accomplishment to be named to both of these lists at the same time," commented Andrew Wang, CEO. "We are proud to be recognized as one of the largest staffing firms in the country that also consistently grows year after year."
Staffing Industry Analysts, Inc. is the premier research and analysis firm covering the contingent workforce. They publish lists of "Largest US Staffing Firms" and "Fastest-Growing US Staffing Firms" each year.
Beacon Hill Staffing Group's niche brands provide direct hire, executive search, temporary staffing, contract consulting, temp/contract-to-hire, and MSP/VMS and RPO solutions to emerging growth companies and the Fortune 500 across multiple market sectors and all industries. Over time, office locations, specialty practice areas and service offerings will be added to address ever changing constituent needs.


From an early age, we all learn the basic building blocks of mathematics and language and our skills in these areas are enhanced year after year. But communication skills, one of the core attributes of almost any job or interaction, are not taught even at university level. For researchers and clinicians these skills are of paramount importance. Sadly, the standard of communication from researchers is relatively poor and when it comes to the health of our community this can have terrible consequences. The current struggle to maintain immunization rates is a disturbing example. The idea that we will just 'learn these skills along the way' is woefully inadequate.
In this discussion, I will talk about the architecture of good communication – unpacking the most critical axioms of how to be an effective communicator. I will be providing a framework from which people can continually improve their communication skills and understand the nuances of this highly complex field. Importantly, we will also be discussing specific techniques for both seeking and providing effective feedback – a cornerstone of improving every form of communication that we do.


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Home»sport»Arjen Robben Retires from Active Football for the 2nd Time
Arjen Robben Retires from Active Football for the 2nd Time
By joshua on July 15, 2021 sport
Former Chelsea and Real Madrid Netherlands winger Arjen Robben have retired from active football for the second time after deciding not to spend a second season playing for Dutch club Groningen. Robben, who made 96 appearances for Holland, thanked fans for the 'heartwarming support' after confirming his departure on his verified Twitter account.
The 37-year-old first retired about two years ago after leaving German top side Bayern Munich but decided to return to the game in June 2020. He returned and joined the club he started his career with, which is Groningen. Arjen Robben has now come out after playing just a handful of games for the Eredivisie side, to say he is retiring from active football.
Arjen Robben Retires at 37
Robben wrote: "Dear football friends, I have decided to stop my active football career. A very difficult choice. I want to thank everyone for all the heart-warming support." Arjen was a top-class player during his playing days. He played in the English Premier League, Spanish La Liga, German Bundesliga, and countryside Eredivisie before retiring.
He was part of the Bayern Munich team that won the Champions League in 2013, scoring a last-minute winner to defeat Borussia Dortmund at Wembley. Robben helped Chelsea to back-to-back Premier League titles under Jose Mourinho and the FA Cup and two League Cups.
But his most tremendous success came in Munich, where he won eight Bundesliga titles, five German Cups and the UEFA Super Cup. He was an integral part of the Dutch team that reached the final of the 2010 World Cup held in South Africa. They lost to pain in the final 1-0.
Robben scored 37 goals for his country and then cut a total of 209 goals and provided 193 assists in all the clubs he played for, which are Groningen, PSV Eindhoven, Chelsea, Real Madrid and Bayern Munich.
arjen Robben football news


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import {Injectable} from '@angular/core';
import {Actions, Effect} from '@ngrx/effects';
import {Router} from '@angular/router';
import {Observable} from 'rxjs/Observable';
import {Action} from '@ngrx/store';
import * as securityActions from '../security.actions';

@Injectable()
export class SecurityRouteEffects {

  @Effect({ dispatch: false })
  loginSuccess$: Observable<Action> = this.actions$
    .ofType(securityActions.LOGIN_SUCCESS)
    .do((payload) => this.router.navigate(['/']));

  @Effect({ dispatch: false })
  logoutSuccess$: Observable<Action> = this.actions$
    .ofType(securityActions.LOGOUT_SUCCESS)
    .do((payload) => this.router.navigate(['/login']));

  @Effect({ dispatch: false })
  passwordChangeSuccess$: Observable<Action> = this.actions$
    .ofType(securityActions.CHANGE_PASSWORD_SUCCESS)
    .do((payload) => this.router.navigate(['/']));

  constructor(private actions$: Actions, private router: Router) { }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Q: A little issue with c homework The equation
Hello guys, I have a homework to do with c and it's giving me some problems.
So basically I have to make a program that will give me the result for this particular equation, here's my code:
int main()
{
    int i;
    int a;
    printf("a:\t");
    scanf("%d",&a);
    double x,y;
    double z = 0;
    for(i=1;i<=9;i++)
    {
        if(i==3){continue;}
        double m=1;
        for(int n=i;n<=17;n++)
        {
            if(n=12){continue;}
            x=(pow(n,3)-8)/(n-12);
            m *=x;
            printf("i = %d'de n = %d iken %f\n", i,n,m);
        }
        y=pow(fabs(7-a),i)/pow(i-3,5);
        z+=y;
        printf("i = %d ise %f\n", i, y);
    }
    printf("W = %f\n", z);
}

I have used some very similar codes with other equations but this one has been very problematic.
It asks me to type "a" and waits there without doing anything even when I type it.
So if anyone can point out what's wrong with my code I would be very happy.

A: if(n=12) should be
if(n==12)

otherwise you wil have an infinite loop


Identifying the exponent and its base is the prerequisite for simplifying expressions with exponents, but first, it's important to define the terms: an exponent is the number of times that a number is multiplied by itself and the base is the number that is being multiplied by itself in the amount expressed by the exponent.
To simplify this explanation, the basic format of an exponent and base can be written bn wherein n is the exponent or number of times that base is multiplied by itself and b is the base is the number being multiplied by itself. The exponent, in mathematics, is always written in superscript to denote that it is the number of times the number it's attached to is multiplied by itself.
This is especially useful in business for calculating the amount that is produced or used over time by a company wherein the amount produced or consumed is always (or nearly always) the same from hour to hour, day to day, or year to year. In cases like these, businesses can apply the exponential growth or exponential decay formulas in order to better assess future outcomes.
Although you don't often run across the need to multiply a number by itself a certain amount of times, there are many everyday exponents, especially in units of measurement like square and cubic feet and inches, which technically mean "one foot multiplied by one foot."
Exponents are also extremely useful in denoting extremely large or small quantities and measurements like nanometers, which is 10-9 meters, which can also be written as a decimal point followed by eight zeros, then a one (.000000001). Mostly, though, average people don't use exponents except when it comes to careers in finance, computer engineering and programming, science, and accounting.
Exponential growth in itself is a critically important aspect of not only the stock market world but also of biological functions, resource acquisition, electronic computations, and demographics research while exponential decay is commonly used in sound and lighting design, radioactive waste and other dangerous chemicals, and ecological research involving decreasing populations.
Exponents are especially important in calculating compound interest because the amount of money that is earned and compounded depends on the exponent of time. In other words, interest accrues in such a way that each time it is compounded, the total interest increases exponentially.
Retirement funds, long-term investments, property ownership, and even credit card debt all rely on this compound interest equation to define how much money is made (or lost/owed) over a certain amount of time.
Similarly, trends in sales and marketing tend to follow exponential patterns. Take for instance the smartphone boom that started somewhere around 2008: At first, very few people had smartphones, but over the course of the next five years, the number of people who purchased them annually increased exponentially.
In this equation, c represents the total number of children had after a certain number of generations, represented by n, which assumes that each parent couple can produce four offspring. The first generation, therefore, would have four children because two multiplied by one equals two, which would then be multiplied by the power of the exponent (2), equalling four. By the fourth generation, the population would be increased by 216 children.
In order to calculate this growth as a total, one would then have to plug the number of children (c) into an equation that also adds in the parents each generation: p = (2n-1)2 + c + 2. In this equation, the total population (p) is determined by the generation (n) and the total number of children added that generation (c).
The first part of this new equation simply adds the number of offspring produced by each generation before it (by first reducing the generation number by one), meaning it adds the parents' total to the total number of offspring produced (c) before adding in the first two parents that started the population.
Use the equations presented in Section 1 below to test your ability to identify the base and exponent of each problem, then check your answers in Section 2, and review how these equations function in the final Section 3.
It's important to remember the order of operations, even in simply identifying bases and exponents, which states that equations are solved in the following order: parenthesis, exponents and roots, multiplication and division, then addition and subtraction.
Because of this, bases and exponents in the above equations would simplify to the answers presented in Section 2. Take note of question 3: 7y3 is like saying 7 times y3. After y is cubed, then you multiply by 7. The variable y, not 7, is being raised to the third power.
In question 6, on the other hand, the entire phrase in the parenthesis is written as the base and everything in the superscript position is written as the exponent (superscript text can be regarded as being in parenthesis in mathematical equations such as these).


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