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Philosophy of Mind > Philosophy of Consciousness > Aspects of Consciousness > The Value of Consciousness
The Value of Consciousness
Edited by Geoffrey Lee (University of California, Berkeley)
Extended Consciousness (30)
The Unity of Consciousness (404)
Homogeneity of Consciousness (22)
Knowledge of Consciousness (177)
The Function of Consciousness (88)
Unconscious States (101)
Collective Consciousness (31)
Aspects of Consciousness, Misc (21)
Associate Professor/Professor
Assistant Professor of Philosophy
Persistence Without Personhood: A New Model.Joseph Gottlieb - forthcoming - Philosophical Quarterly.details
I am a person. But am I fundamentally and essentially a person? The animalist says no. So must the phenomenal continuity theorist, or so I will argue. Even if, contra animalism, we cannot survive zombification, being a subject of experience is not sufficient for being a person, and phenomenal continuity is not sufficient for our survival as the same person over time. These observations point the way to a positive account of personhood, and provide further insight into the conditions under (...) which literal survival preserves what matters. (shrink)
Personal Identity, Misc in Metaphysics
Physical and Animalist Theories Of Personal Identity in Metaphysics
Psychological Theories of Personal Identity in Metaphysics
The Value of Consciousness in Philosophy of Mind
What Matters in Survival in Metaphysics
The Neutrality of Life.Andrew Y. Lee - forthcoming - Australasian Journal of Philosophy.details
Some think that life is worth living not merely because of the goods and the bads within it, but also because life itself is good. I explain how this idea can be formalized by associating each version of the view with a function from length of life to the value generated by life itself. Then I argue that every version of the view that life itself is good faces some version of the following dilemma: either (1) good human lives are (...) worse than very long lives wholly devoid of pleasure, desire-satisfaction, knowledge, or any other goods, or (2) very short lives containing nothing but suffering are worth living. Since neither result is plausible, we ought to reject the view that life itself is good. On the view I favor, any given life may be worth living because of the goods that it contains, but life itself is neutral. (shrink)
Neutral Value in Normative Ethics
The Good in Normative Ethics
The Value of Lives in Value Theory, Miscellaneous
Well-Being in Value Theory, Miscellaneous
Speciesism and Sentientism.Andrew Y. Lee - forthcoming - Journal of Consciousness Studies.details
Many philosophers accept both of the following claims: (1) consciousness matters morally, and (2) species membership doesn't matter morally. In other words, many reject speciesism but accept what we might call 'sentientism'. But do the reasons against speciesism yield analogous reasons against sentientism, just as the reasons against racism and sexism are thought to yield analogous reasons against speciesism? This paper argues that speciesism is disanalogous to sentientism (as well as racism and sexism). I make a case for the following (...) asymmetry: (a) some non-humans clearly have interests, but (b) no non-conscious entities clearly have interests. This asymmetry, I argue, renders sentientism immune to the standard argument against speciesism. (shrink)
Moral Status of Animals in Applied Ethics
Speciesism in Applied Ethics
Alien Subjectivity and the Importance of Consciousness.Geoffrey Lee - forthcoming - In Adam Pautz & Daniel Stoljar (eds.), Themes from Block. MIT Press.details
Consciousness and Materialism, Misc in Philosophy of Mind
Mind-Body Problem, General in Philosophy of Mind
The Special Value of Experience.Christopher Ranalli - 2021 - Oxford Studies in Philosophy of Mind 1.details
Why think that conscious experience of reality is any more epistemically valuable than testimony? I argue that conscious experience of reality is epistemically valuable because it provides cognitive contact with reality. Cognitive contact with reality is a goal of experiential inquiry which does not reduce to the goal of getting true beliefs or propositional knowledge. Such inquiry has awareness of the truth-makers of one's true beliefs as its proper goal. As such, one reason why conscious experience of reality is more (...) epistemically valuable than testimony about reality is that it gives us more epistemic goods than only true belief or propositional knowledge. I defend this view from two rival accounts. First, that while conscious experience of reality has greater value than testimony, its value is only eudaimonic. Second, that while it has greater epistemic value than testimony, this value is not distinctive: for it only promotes truth better than testimony. (shrink)
Epistemic Value in Epistemology
Inquiry in Epistemology
Knowledge by Acquaintance in Epistemology
Well-Being, Misc in Value Theory, Miscellaneous
The Normative Challenge for Illusionist Views of Consciousness.Francois Kammerer - 2019 - Ergo: An Open Access Journal of Philosophy 6.details
Illusionists about phenomenal consciousness claim that phenomenal consciousness does not exist but merely seems to exist. At the same time, it is quite intuitive for there to be some kind of link between phenomenality and value. For example, some situations seem good or bad in virtue of the conscious experiences they feature. Illusionist views of phenomenal consciousness then face what I call the normative challenge. They have to say where they stand regarding the idea that there is a link between (...) phenomenality and value. If they accept that there is such a link, they might be committed to revisionary normative consequences (and some of them may prove to be uncomfortable). If they deny that there is such link, they might avoid revisionary normative consequences (without being guaranteed against them) but then they have to give reasons to deny that such link obtains, which is not a trivial task. The existence of the normative challenge does not show that illusionism is false, but it shows that illusionism might have important consequences in the normative domain, which have to be clarified. (shrink)
Eliminativism about Consciousness in Philosophy of Mind
Eliminativism about Qualia in Philosophy of Mind
Illusionism about Consciousness in Philosophy of Mind
Theories of Value, Misc in Value Theory, Miscellaneous
The Value of Consciousness.Uriah Kriegel - 2019 - Analysis 79 (3):503-520.details
Recent work within such disparate research areas as the epistemology of perception, theories of well-being, animal and medical ethics, the philosophy of consciousness, and theories of understanding in philosophy of science and epistemology has featured disconnected discussions of what is arguably a single underlying question: What is the value of consciousness? The purpose of this paper is to review some of this work and place it within a unified theoretical framework that makes contributions (and contributors) from these disparate areas more (...) visible to one another. (shrink)
Philosophy of Consciousness, Misc in Philosophy of Mind
Is Consciousness Intrinsically Valuable?Andrew Y. Lee - 2018 - Philosophical Studies 175 (1):1–17.details
Is consciousness intrinsically valuable? Some theorists favor the positive view, according to which consciousness itself accrues intrinsic value, independent of the particular kind of experience instantiated. In contrast, I favor the neutral view, according to which consciousness is neither intrinsically valuable nor disvaluable. The primary purpose of this paper is to clarify what is at stake when we ask whether consciousness is intrinsically valuable, to carve out the theoretical space, and to evaluate the question rigorously. Along the way, I also (...) show why the neutral view is attractive and why certain arguments for the positive view do not work. (shrink)
Moral Value, Misc in Normative Ethics
The Metaphysical Implications of the Moral Significance of Consciousness.Brian Cutter - 2017 - Philosophical Perspectives 31 (1):103-130.details
The Significance Argument for the Irreducibility of Consciousness.Adam Pautz - 2017 - Philosophical Perspectives 31 (1):349-407.details
The Significance Argument (SA) for the irreducibility of consciousness is based on a series of new puzzle-cases that I call multiple candidate cases. In these cases, there is a multiplicity of physical-functional properties or relations that are candidates to be identified with the sensible qualities and our consciousness of them, where those candidates are not significantly different. I will argue that these cases show that reductive materialists cannot accommodate the various ways in which consciousness is significant and must allow massive (...) vagueness in conscious experience. I also will argue that a nonreductive theory of the conscious-of relation can easily provide a very satisfying, unified explanation of the ways in which this relation is significant. (shrink)
Consciousness and Moral Responsibility.Neil Levy - 2014 - Oxford University Press.details
Neil Levy presents a new theory of freedom and responsibility. He defends a particular account of consciousness--the global workspace view--and argues that consciousness plays an especially important role in action. There are good reasons to think that the naïve assumption, that consciousness is needed for moral responsibility, is in fact true.
Philosophy of Consciousness, Miscellaneous in Philosophy of Mind
Feeling Pain for the Very First Time: The Normative Knowledge Argument.Guy Kahane - 2010 - Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 80 (1):20-49.details
In this paper I present a new argument against internalist theories of practical reason. My argument is inpired by Frank Jackson's celebrated Knowledge Argument. I ask what will happen when an agent experiences pain for the first time. Such an agent, I argue, will gain new normative knowledge that internalism cannot explain. This argument presents a similar difficulty for other subjectivist and constructivist theories of practical reason and value. I end by suggesting that some debates in meta-ethics and in the (...) philosophy of mind might be more closely intertwined than philosophers in either area would like to believe. (shrink)
Bernard Williams in 20th Century Philosophy
Internalism and Externalism about Reasons in Philosophy of Action
Moral Epistemology, Misc in Meta-Ethics
Pain and Pain Experience in Philosophy of Mind
The Knowledge Argument in Philosophy of Mind
Ethics: The Nature of Moral Philosophy.G. E. Moore (ed.) - 2005 - Oxford University Press, Clarendon Press ;.details
G. E. Moore 's 1912 work Ethics has tended to be overshadowed by his famous earlier work Principia Ethica. However, its detailed discussions of utilitarianism, free will, and the objectivity of moral judgements find no real counterpart in Principia, while its account of right and wrong and of the nature of intrinsic value deepen our understanding of Moore 's moral philosophy. Moore himself regarded the book highly, writing late in his career, "I myself like [it] better than Principia Ethica, because (...) it seems to me to be much clearer and far less full of confusions and invalid arguments." Short but philosophically rich, and written with impressive precision and intellectual candor, Ethics is a minor classic which repays careful study. This new edition includes Moore 's essay "The Nature of Moral Philosophy" as well as editorial notes, an introduction, and a guide to further reading. (shrink)
Ethics in Value Theory, Miscellaneous
The Significance of Consciousness.Charles Siewert - 1998 - Princeton University Press.details
"This is a marvelous book, full of subtle, thoughtful, and original argument.
Cognitive Phenomenology in Philosophy of Mind
Philosophy of Consciousness, General Works in Philosophy of Mind
Bookmark 283 citations
The Methods of Ethics.Henry Sidgwick - 1871 - Thoemmes Press.details
This Hackett edition, first published in 1981, is an unabridged and unaltered republication of the seventh edition as published by Macmillan and Company, Limited. From the forward by John Rawls: In the utilitarian tradition Henry Sidgwick has an important place. His fundamental work, The Methods of Ethics, is the clearest and most accessible formulation of what we may call 'the classical utilitarian doctorine.' This classical doctrine holds that the ultimate moral end of social and individual action is the greatest net (...) sum of the happiness of all sentient beings. Happinesss is specified by the net balance of pleasure over pain, or, as Sidgwick preferred to say, as the net balance of agreeable over disagreeable consciousness.... (shrink)
Agent-Relative Value in Normative Ethics
Henry Sidgwick in 19th Century Philosophy
Reflectivity as Part of an Evolutionary Scenario for Self-Consciousness. Impact on Pre-Reflective Self-Consciousness. (Presented at ASSC 24 2021).Christophe Menant - manuscriptdetails
The performance of reflectivity of self-consciousness is traditionally associated to the subject turning its consciousness of objects to its own entity. But such process introduces concerns of circularity and of infinite regress. To avoid them philosophers have postulated a "pre-reflective self-consciousness" understood as a "state of consciousness that is immediately aware of itself, unmediated by reflections". We propose here that an evolutionary scenario for self-consciousness can introduce reflectivity as a natural performance, bringing pre-reflective self-consciousness to be reconsidered. The evolutionary scenario (...) starts when our ancestors were capable to manage representations while also being able to partly identify with their conspecifics represented as existing in the environment. These identifications have allowed our ancestors to merge the representations they had of parts of themselves with the corresponding representations they had of their conspecifics. These mergers have progressively led our ancestors to begin representing themselves as entities existing in the environment, like conspecifics were represented. Such process has produced an elementary reflectivity and has provided our ancestors with an "ancestral self-consciousness". And thinking about the represented entity has led our ancestors to self-consciousness as object and as subject. Reflectivity can then be considered as a natural performance of self-consciousness. And postulating a pre-reflective self-consciousness may need to be re-addressed. (shrink)
Biological Theories of Consciousness, Misc in Philosophy of Mind
Conscious Thought in Philosophy of Mind
Evolution of Consciousness in Philosophy of Cognitive Science
Explaining Consciousness, Misc in Philosophy of Mind
Nonconceptual/Prereflective Self-Consciousness in Philosophy of Mind
The Concept of Consciousness in Philosophy of Mind
The Function of Consciousness in Philosophy of Mind
Unconscious States in Philosophy of Mind


Can we import accounts via CSV or load a profile onto Android?
Zello doesn't support mass importing of the contact list. If you need to manage a large number of users, you might want to try ZelloWork instead, which includes the web-based console to manage users and channels within your organization.


Just as such a streak begins, the milestone arrived without great fanfare but with two key ingredients—desire and resolve.
CRR Diane Kukich had given some serious thought to what the appropriate workout might look like to mark her 10,000th consecutive day of some form of sustained physical activity. Why not do 10,000m? OK, but not an ordinary 10K run. After all, it's 6 a.m. on a brisk January morning. How about a triathlon of sorts? That's it, she thought.
Whether walking, running, spinning, rowing, or swimming, Kukich has exercised every day now for some 27 years and four months. So, today Kukich celebrated her mind-boggling milestone with 2K on the rowing machine, 3K on the stationery bicycle (both just warmups), and a 5K run in the pre-dawn light.
Kukich, a writer at the University of Delaware, has exercised regularly since before her children were born; however, the streak of consecutive days officially began after a brief respite that followed the birth of her youngest child, Christine, way back in 1989.
Interestingly enough, Kukich was about ten years into the streak when CRR Mark Deshon talked her into running, having seen that she was taking home hardware for walking in local races, week in and week out. She immediately became an age-group competitor in running shoes and, since then, has mixed in running with other forms of aerobic workouts.
Kukich is the current state record holder in the 50-54 age group for the 20K distance, a record she set in 2002. With respect to near-term aspirations, she has her eye on both the 5K and 5-mile state records in the 65-69 age group. She turns 65 next month.
One would say that Kukich is certainly in the top tenth of a percent of all humans when it comes to this kind of fitness regimen, but Creek Road Runners would simply say she's in a class of her own.
Deshon was there early to document Kukich's milestone, and though he's not normally an early riser, he knows that all it took for him to be there were the same two ingredients Kukich demonstrates each day.
Congratulations, Diane Kukich on your amazing display of desire and resolve!


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Category Archives: Privacy
January 5, 2015 · 4:17 pm
Should victims of "revenge porn" be granted anonymity?
I got into an interesting twitter discussion a few days ago with a journalist who had run a story* about a woman convicted under the Malicious Communications Act 1988 (MCA) for uploading a sex tape involving a former friend of hers. The story named the offender, but also the victim, and I asked Luke Traynor, the Mirror journalist, whether he had considered not naming the latter, who was the victim of what I described as a "sexual crime". To his credit, Luke replied, saying that he'd "Checked the law, and she's not a sexual crime victim, but a victim of malicious communication".
I think Luke is partly correct – a victim of a section 1 MCA offence is not classed as a victim of a specified sexual offence pursuant to section 2 of the Sexual Offences (Amendment) Act 1992, and is not, therefore, automatically granted lifetime anonymity from the press under section 1. This is the case even where – as here – the crime was a targeted attempt to embarrass or damage the victim on the basis of their sexual behaviour. The Mirror even described this case as one of "Revenge Porn" and, indeed, moves are currently being made to create a specific offence of disclosing private sexual photographs and films with intent to cause distress (clause 33 of the Criminal Justice and Courts Bill refers). If that Bill is passed, I would argue that serious thought should be given to awarding anonymity to victims of this offence.
But merely because statutory anonymity was not available to the victim of the offence reported by the Mirror it does not mean that it was right to name her, and (as you might expect from me) I think that data protection law is in play. Information relating to an identifiable individual's sexual life is her sensitive personal data, afforded particular protection under the Data Protection Directive 95/46 and the UK Data Protection Act 1998 (DPA) to which it gives domestic effect. Publication of sensitive personal data without one of the conditions in Schedule 3 of the DPA being met (and I cannot see which would be met in this instance) is as a general rule unlawful. There is though, at section 32 of the DPA, as I have written about recently, an effective exemption from most of the Act for personal data processed only for the purposes of journalism. I suspect The Mirror, or any other media outlet naming the victim in this case, would claim this exemption, but it is important to note that, as broad as the exemption is, it can only be claimed if
the data controller reasonably believes that, having regard in particular to the special importance of the public interest in freedom of expression, publication would be in the public interest, and…the data controller reasonably believes that, in all the circumstances, compliance with that provision is incompatible with [journalism]
I invited Luke to explain whether he thought that publication of the victim's name was in the public interest, but his reply
It was said in a public court, in accordance with the law, which takes into account ethics and public interest
did not really deal with the section 32 point – just because something was said in public court it does not mean that it is in the public interest to publish it. And unless Luke (or, rather, the Mirror, as data controller) reasonably believed that it was so, the exemption falls away.
Of course, in the absence of any complaint from the individual, all of this might seem otiose. But I think it raises further important issues about the extent of the section 32 exemption, as well as whether there should be some clearer right to privacy for victims of certain types of communications offences.
And, as Tim Turner pointed out, this sort of story shows why some might want to exercise a "right to be forgotten" – if unnecessary and unfair information is published about them on the internet, can some people be blamed for wanting it removed, or made less prominent?
*I have avoided linking directly to the article in question for reasons which should be obvious, given the content of this post. However, it is not difficult to find. That, of course, is the problem.
Filed under communications offence, Data Protection, Privacy
Watching the detective
The ICO might be mostly powerless to take action against the operators of the Russian web site streaming unsecured web cams, but the non-domestic users of the web cams could be vulnerable to enforcement action
The Information Commissioner's Office (ICO) warned yesterday of the dangers of failing to secure web cams which are connected to the internet. This was on the back of stories about a Russian-based web site which aggregates feeds from thousands of compromised cameras worldwide.
This site was drawn to my attention a few weeks ago, and, although I tweeted obliquely about it, I thought it best not to identify it because of the harm it could potentially cause. However, although most news outlets didn't identify the site, the cat is now, as they say, out of the bag. No doubt this is why the ICO chose to issue sensible guidance on network security in its blog post.
I also noticed that the Information Commissioner himself, Christopher Graham, rightly pointed to the difficulties in shutting down the site, and the fact that it is users' responsibility to secure their web cams:
It is not within my jurisdiction, it is not within the European Union, it is Russia.
I will do what I can but don't wait for me to have sorted this out.
This is, of course, true, and domestic users of web cams would do well to note the advice. Moreover, this is just the latest of these aggregator sites to appear. But news reports suggested that some of the 500-odd (or was it 2000-odd?) feeds on the site from the UK were from cameras of businesses or other non-domestic users (I saw a screenshot, for instance, of a feed from a pizza takeaway). Those users, if their web cams are capturing images of identifiable individuals, are processing personal data in the role of a data controller. And they can't claim the exemption in the Data Protection Act 1998 (DPA) that applies to processing for purely domestic purposes. They must, therefore comply with the seventh data protection principle, which requires them to take appropriate measures to safeguard against unauthorised and unlawful processing of personal data. Allowing one's web can to be compromised and its feed streamed on a Russian website is a pretty good indication that one is not complying with the seventh principle. Serious contraventions of the obligation to comply with the data protection principles can, of course, lead to ICO enforcement action, such as monetary penalty notices, to a maximum of £500,000.
The ICO is not, therefore, completely powerless here. Arguably it should be (maybe it is?) looking at the feeds on the site to determine which are from non-domestic premises, and looking to take appropriate enforcement action against them. So to that extent, one is rather watching Mr Graham, to see if he can sort this out.
Filed under Data Protection, Information Commissioner, Privacy
The Crown Estate and behavioural advertising
A new app for Regent Street shoppers will deliver targeted behavioural advertising – is it processing personal data?
My interest was piqued by a story in the Telegraph that
Regent Street is set to become the first shopping street in Europe to pioneer a mobile phone app which delivers personalised content to shoppers during their visit
Although this sounds like my idea of hell, it will no doubt appeal to some people. It appears that a series of Bluetooth beacons will deliver mobile content (for which, read "targeted behavioural advertising") to the devices of users who have installed the Regent Street app. Users will indicate their shopping preferences, and a profile of them will be built by the app.
Electronic direct marketing in the UK is ordinarily subject to compliance with The Privacy and Electronic Communications (EC Directive) Regulations 2003 ("PECR"). However, the definition of "electronic mail" in PECR is "any text, voice, sound or image message sent over a public electronic communications network or in the recipient's terminal equipment until it is collected by the recipient and includes messages sent using a short message service". In 2007 the Information Commissioner, upon receipt of advice, changed his previous stance that Bluetooth marketing would be caught by PECR, to one under which it would not be caught, because Bluetooth does not involve a "public electronic communications network". Nonetheless, general data protection law relating to consent to direct marketing will still apply, and the Direct Marketing Association says
Although Bluetooth is not considered to fall within the definition of electronic mail under the current PECR, in practice you should consider it to fall within the definition and obtain positive consent before using it
This reference to "positive consent" reflects the definition in the Data Protection directive, which says that it is
any freely given specific and informed indication of his wishes by which the data subject signifies his agreement to personal data relating to him being processed
And that word "informed" is where I start to have a possible problem with this app. Ever one for thoroughness, I decided to download it, to see what sort of privacy information it provided. There wasn't much, but in the Terms and Conditions (which don't appear to be viewable until you download the app) it did say
The App will create a profile for you, known as an autoGraph™, based on information provided by you using the App. You will not be asked for any personal information (such as an email address or phone number) and your profile will not be shared with third parties
autograph (don't forget the™) is software which, in its words "lets people realise their interests, helping marketers drive response rates", and it does so by profiling its users
In under one minute without knowing your name, email address or any personally identifiable information, autograph can figure out 5500 dimensions about you – age, income, likes and dislikes – at over 90% accuracy, allowing businesses to serve what matters to you – offers, programs, music… almost anything
Privacy types might notice the jarring words in that blurb. Apparently the software can quickly "figure out" thousands of potential identifiers about a user, without knowing "any personally identifiable information". To me, that's effectively saying "we will create a personally identifiable profile of you, without using any personally identifiable information". The fact of the matter is that people's likes, dislikes, preferences, choices etc (and does this app capture device information, such as IMEI?) can all be used to build up a picture which renders them identifiable. It is trite law that "personal data" is data which relate to a living individual who can be identified from those data or from those data and other information which is in the possession of, or is likely to come into the possession of, the data controller. The Article 29 Working Party (made up of representatives from the data protection authorities of each EU member state) delivered an Opinion in 2010 on online behavioural advertising which stated that
behavioural advertising is based on the use of identifiers that enable the creation of very detailed user profiles which, in most cases, will be deemed personal data
If this app is, indeed, processing personal data, then I would suggest that the limited Terms and Conditions (which users are not even pointed to when they download the app, let alone be invited to agree them) are inadequate to mean that a user is freely giving specific and informed consent to the processing. And if the app is processing personal data to deliver electronic marketing failure to comply with PECR might not matter, but failure to comply with the Data Protection Act 1998 brings potential liability to legal claims and enforcement action.
The Information Commissioner last year produced good guidance on Privacy in Mobile Apps which states that
Users of your app must be properly informed about what will happen to their personal data if they install and use the app. This is part of Principle 1 in the DPA which states that "Personal data shall be processed fairly and lawfully". For processing to be fair, the user must have suitable information about the processing and they must to be told about the purposes
The relevant data controller for Regent Street Online happens to be The Crown Estate. On the day that the Queen sent her first tweet, it is interesting to consider the extent to which her own property company are in compliance with their obligations under privacy laws.
This post has been edited as a result of comments on the original, which highlighted that PECR does not, in strict terms, apply to Bluetooth marketing
Filed under consent, Data Protection, Directive 95/46/EC, Information Commissioner, marketing, PECR, Privacy, tracking
Tagged as consent, data protection, directive 95/46/EC, DPA, ICO
Dancing to the beat of the Google drum
With rather wearying predictability, certain parts of the media are in uproar about the removal by Google of search results linking to a positive article about a young artist. Roy Greenslade, in the Guardian, writes
The Worcester News has been the victim of one of the more bizarre examples of the European court's so-called "right to be forgotten" ruling.
The paper was told by Google that it was removing from its search archive an article in praise of a young artist.
Yes, you read that correctly. A positive story published five years ago about Dan Roach, who was then on the verge of gaining a degree in fine art, had to be taken down.
Although no one knows who made the request to Google, it is presumed to be the artist himself, as he had previously asked the paper itself to remove the piece, on the basis that he felt it didn't reflect the work he is producing now. But there is a bigger story here, and in my opinion it's one of Google selling itself as an unwilling censor, and of media uncritically buying it.
Firstly, Google had no obligation to remove the results. The judgment of the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) in the Google Spain case was controversial, and problematic, but its effect was certainly not to oblige a search engine to respond to a takedown request without considering whether it has a legal obligation to do so. What it did say was that, although as a rule data subjects' rights to removal override the interest of the general public having access to the information delivered by a search query, there may be particular reasons why the balance might go the other way.
Furthermore, even if the artist here had a legitimate complaint that the results constituted his personal data, and that the continued processing by Google was inadequate, inaccurate, excessive or continuing for longer than was necessary (none of which, I would submit, would actually be likely to apply in this case), Google could simply refuse to comply with the takedown request. At that point, the requester would be left with two options: sue, or complain to the Information Commissioner's Office (ICO). The former option is an interesting one (and I wonder if any such small claims cases will be brought in the County Court) but I think in the majority of cases people will be likely to take the latter. However, if the ICO receives a complaint, it appears that the first thing it is likely to do is refer the person to the publisher of the information in question. In a blog post in August the Deputy Commissioner David Smith said
We're about to update our website* with advice on when an individual should complain to us, what they need to tell us and how, in some cases, they might be better off pursuing their complaint with the original publisher and not just the search engine [emphasis added]
This is in line with their new approach to handling complaints by data subjects – which is effectively telling them to go off and resolve it with the data controller in the first place.
Even if the complaint does make its way to an ICO case officer, what that officer will be doing is assessing – pursuant to section 42 of the Data Protection Act 1998 (DPA) – "whether it is likely or unlikely that the processing has been or is being carried out in compliance with the provisions of [the DPA]". What the ICO is not doing is determining an appeal. An assessment of "compliance not likely" is no more than that – it does not oblige the data controller to take action (although it may be accompanied by recommendations). An assessment of "compliance likely", moreover, leaves an aggrieved data subject with no other option but to attempt to sue the data controller. Contrary to what Information Commissioner Christopher Graham said at the recent Rewriting History debate, there is no right of appeal to the Information Tribunal in these circumstances.
Of course the ICO could, in addition to making a "compliance not likely" assessment, serve Google with an enforcement notice under section 42 DPA requiring them to remove the results. An enforcement notice does have proper legal force, and it is a criminal offence not comply with one. But they are rare creatures. If the ICO does ever serve one on Google things will get interesting, but let's not hold our breath.
So, simply refusing to take down the results would, certainly in the short term, cause Google no trouble, nor attract any sanction.
Secondly (sorry, that was a long "firstly") Google appear to have notified the paper of the takedown, in the same way they notified various journalists of takedowns of their pieces back in June this year (with, again, the predictable result that the journalists were outraged, and republicised the apparently taken down information). The ICO has identified that this practice by Google may in itself constitute unfair and unlawful processing: David Smith says
We can certainly see an argument for informing publishers that a link to their content has been taken down. However, in some cases, informing the publisher has led to the complained about information being republished, while in other cases results that are taken down will link to content that is far from legitimate – for example to hate sites of various sorts. In cases like that we can see why informing the content publisher could exacerbate an already difficult situation and could in itself have a very detrimental effect on the complainant's privacy
Google is a huge and hugely rich organisation. It appears to be trying to chip away at the CJEU judgment by making it look ridiculous. And in doing so it is cleverly using the media to help portray it as a passive actor – victim, along with the media, of censorship. As I've written previously, Google is anything but passive – it has algorithms which prioritise certain results above others, for commercial reasons, and it will readily remove search results upon receipt of claims that the links are to copyright material. Those elements of the media who are expressing outrage at the spurious removal of links might take a moment to reflect whether Google is really as interested in freedom of expression as they are, and, if not, why it is acting as it is.
*At the time of writing this advice does not appear to have been made available on the ICO website.
Filed under Data Protection, Directive 95/46/EC, enforcement, Information Commissioner, Privacy
Tagged as data protection, directive 95/46/EC, DPA, ICO, privacy
Big Political Data
I've written over the past few months about questionable compliance by the Conservative, Labour, Liberal Democratic and Scottish National Parties with their obligations under the Data Protection Act 1998 and the Privacy and Electronic Communications (EC Directive) Regulations 2003. And, as I sat down to write this post, I thought I'd check a couple of other parties' sites, and, sure enough, similar issues are raised by the UKIP and Plaid Cymru sites
No one except a few enthusiasts in this area of law/compliance seems particularly concerned, and I will, no doubt, eventually get fed up with the dead horse I am flogging. However, a fascinating article in The Telegraph by James Kirkup casts a light on just why political parties might be so keen to harvest personal data, and not be transparent about their uses of it.
Kirkup points out how parties have begun an
extraordinarily extensive – and expensive – programme of opinion polls and focus groups generating huge volumes of data about voters' views and preferences…Traditional polls and focus groups have changed little in the past two decades. They help parties discover what voters think, what they want to hear, and how best to say it to them. That is the first stage of campaigning. The second is to identify precisely which voters you need to speak to. With finite time and resources, parties cannot afford to waste effort either preaching to the converted or trying to win over diehard opponents who will never change sides. The party that finds the waverers in the middle gains a crucial advantage.
It seems clear to me that the tricks, and opacity, which are used to get people to give up their personal information, are part of this drive to amass more and more data for political purposes. It's unethical, it's probably unlawful, but few seem to care, and no one, including the Information Commissioner's Office (which has, in the past taken robust action against dodgy marketing practices in party politics) has seemed prepared so far to do anything to prevent it. However, the ICO has good guidance for the parties on this, and in May this year, issued a warning to play by the marketing rules in the run-up to local and European elections. Let's hope this warning, and the threat of enforcement action, extends to the bigger stage of the national elections next year.
Filed under Confidentiality, consent, Data Protection, Information Commissioner, marketing, PECR, Privacy
Tagged as DPA, ICO, PECR
Political attitudes to ePrivacy – this goes deep
With the rushing through of privacy-intrusive legislation under highly questionable procedures, it almost seems wrong to bang on about political parties and their approach to ePrivacy and marketing, but a) much better people have written on the #DRIP bill, and b) I think the two issues are not entirely unrelated.
Last week I was taking issue with Labour's social media campaign which invited people to submit their email address to get a number relating to when they were born under the NHS.
Today, prompted by a twitter exchange with the excellent Lib Dem councillor James Baker, in which I observed that politicians and political parties seem to be exploiting people's interest in discrete policy issues to harvest emails, I looked at the Liberal Democrats' home page. It really couldn't have illustrated my point any better. People are invited to "agree" that they're against female genital mutilation, by submitting their email address.
There's no information whatsoever about what will happen to your email address once you submit it. So, just as Labour were, but even more clearly here, the Lib Dems are in breach of the The Privacy and Electronic Communications (EC Directive) Regulations 2003 and the Data Protection Act 1998. James says he'll contact HQ to make them aware. But how on earth are they not already aware? The specific laws have been in place for eleven years, but the principles are much older – be fair and transparent with people's private information. And it is not fair (in fact it's pretty damn reprehensible) to use such a bleakly emotive subject as FGM to harvest emails (which is unavoidably the conclusion I arrive at when wondering what the purpose of the page is).
So, in the space of a few months I've written about the Conservatives, Labour and the Lib Dems breaching eprivacy laws. If they're unconcerned about or – to be overly charitable – ignorant of these laws, then is it any wonder that they railroad each other into passing "emergency" laws (which are anything but) with huge implications for our privacy?
UPDATE: 13.07.14
Alistair Sloan draws attention to the Scottish National Party's website, which is similarly harvesting emails with no adequate notification of the purposes of future use. The practice is rife, and, as Tim Turner says in the comments below, the Information Commissioner's Office needs to take action.
Filed under consent, Data Protection, PECR, Privacy, transparency
Tagged as data protection, DPA, PECR, privacy

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Jeff Davis Sheriff's patrol deputies responded to a disturbance call in Roanoke Saturday afternoon at 312 East Second street. Deputies determined the disturbance was not physical and the two involved had a verbal argument. During the investigation the individuals were found to have outstanding warrants from Acadia parish.
Keaton McKensie Davis, 22, and Kelli Rae Leblanc, 26, both of 312 East Second street, Roanoke were booked into the parish jail on charges of Burglary of an inhabited dwelling from Acadia Parish Sheriff's office. Davis and Leblanc will be held until they can be transported to Acadia.


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Retail's first foray into artificial intelligence
Tess Bennett
Artificial intelligence (AI), cognitive computing and machine learning were all on display at the NRF Big Show in New York earlier this year.
IBM's Watson, named after the company's first CEO, is the most prominent example of use cases for AI in retail.
Outdoor sportswear brand, The North Face, has developed an online shopping tool using IBM's Watson to replicate the conversations has instore while shopping online.
"We jumped at the chance to try and harness IBM's Watson technology to see what we could do to change online shopping," said Cal Bouchard, senior director of e-commerce at The North Face. "And the key word in there is 'change'."
For decades online shopping has revolved around a grid of products on a webpage, on a white background, with tools to search and filter.
"We really wanted to create something new and different – something that was personal and intuitive and something that really allowed our customers to speak in their natural voices, in their natural language and tell us what they wanted and what they needed," Bouchard explained.
The North Face team built a tool called Fluid XPS powered by IBM Watson, which delivers dialogue-driven product recommendations.
The experience starts with a question: Where and when will you be using this jacket? Users are prompted to write a full sentence ("We don't want keyword jockeys," Bouchard said) and the platform begins by narrowing down products by conditions and gender. A series of questions are designed to let consumers see the product selection change as they provide more information. (You can try it out here).
The North Face started beta testing in November 2015 with consumers who they thought were having the most trouble with the site, the ones that arrived at the jackets landing page clicked through to a few products, weren't finding what they wanted and then went back to the jackets page.
Phase two was tested with their best customers, based on their loyalty program.
Now a permanent fixture of the jackets landing page, between mid-November and mid-January 2016, 50,000 users used the tool, for an average of two minutes per session, Bouchard said.
"This was something really important to us. Going in as a brand, and as a premium brand, we want to compete on content and on experience, not ever on price. So engagement with our product and brand, no matter where the purchase happens is really important to us. Our site averages just over five minutes of time per visit, so adding two minutes was a really important and significant number for us."
The North Face also surveyed users after the experience – 75 per cent said they would use it again.
"I think what this tells you is consumers are ready for some kind of AI online shopping experience," Bouchard said.
One piece of advice Bouchard shared was that AI requires a lot of teaching. For example, the system needed to learn that Tahoe is ski resort, temperature is a measure of degrees and running is the same thing as jogging.
"You have to think that you're not going to get anything when you get this, and you have to ingest a lot of data into it," Bouchard said.
Retailers also need to "go deep" on their product catalogues, recording all the features and weighing them against how important it is to your customer.
"AI needs to know your product," Bouchard explained. "And it will never know your product unless you really know your product."
Neil Patil, president of software products group for Fluid Inc, which developed the platform with The North Face, said it is about making the online shopping experience, "more human".
"We focused on this notion that there is a conversation being had instore and we should take that conversation and bring that online," Patil said.
This article was originally published in Inside Retail's February magazine, click here to subscribe.
artifical intelligenceBig ShowIBM WatsonNRFThe North Face
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Kaycee Enerva
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A loaded potato casserole recipe that tastes phenomenal and it's so easy to put together! Everyone will be coming back for seconds!
I cannot believe how quickly July has gone. Wait…I can't believe how quickly this summer has gone by! Before you know it, fall will be here.
I am not a huge fan of fall besides having pumpkin and caramel in just about everything. Those are the only two that I truly look forward to in fall. After that, I look forward to the spring when the flowers start to blossom and the temperatures start rising.
Let's get back to the subject of this amazing loaded potato casserole, shall we? I know you all will just love this because it didn't last very long in our house – gone in a couple of days.
Preheat oven to 375 degrees. Butter two 9-inch pie pans. Set aside.
Layer half of the potato slices in the dish, overlapping slightly. Season with salt and pepper. Sprinkle the cheeses on top of the potatoes and add the crumbled bacon pieces. Add the other half of the potato slices on top of the cheese.
In a small bowl, mix together the milk and eggs. Pour half of the mixture over top of the potatoes.
Remove the steps above for the second 9-inch pie pan.
Sprinkle the parsley on top (optional).
Cover with foil and bake for 90 minutes, or until the custard, eggs and milk, are cooked and set. Allow the dish to rest for 15-20 minutes before serving.


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Mayor of Europe
The struggles of Maltese energy policy
styczeń 17, 2020 17:30
Vienna sets up fund to finance new economic activity
Major Mayors of Europe – Rui Rio
Local politicians in Germany to get increased federal protection
Regional rail in Greater Berlin to be modernized thanks to EIB loan
Malta's first direct EIB loan brings broadband to 70,000 households
grudzień 02, 2019 13:00
Lyon considerably reduces plastics at school canteens
Music Academy in Cluj-Napoca to be expanded thanks to 37 million euro project
The County of Limerick is becoming a center of science
Lodz launches waste segregation search engine
Luxembourg airport saw record number of passengers in 2019
Covasna local authorities aquired a historic narrow-gauge railway in central Romania
Three Swedish families will live car-free for 3 months
Visit Lithuania's first Plantarium
Espoo's Employment Centre celebrates a year of success
Utrecht allocates EUR 1.5 million for energy saving homeowners
Do you know what a City Poet is?
Croatian cities get ready for 15th annual Night of Museums
Heraklion to offer free guided tours to visitors
Ireland's railway heritage in miniature
Dun Laoghaire-Rathdown County to build new sport and recreation facilities worth over EUR 10 mln
Bucharest is getting ready to host EURO 2020
"I Have Courage" Campaign launched in Graz
Team Team
Contacts Contacts
Together with residents, we managed to make Białystok a city which we can be proud of
I would like Barletta to be a city capable of offering opportunities
The battle for the planet's sustainability will be won or lost at local level
We keep the balance between developing Sønderborg and the smaller cities in the municipality
Heraklion has a rich cultural heritage and a sophisticated, modern life that is evolving every day
We intend to make Paterna a modern, innovative, sustainable, intelligent and integrated city
Get Involved Create city profile
Get involved Become a partner
Get involved Send news
How do you think your city will change over the next 12 months?
It will become a greener city
It will become a smarter city
It will become a better connected city
It will become a more sustainable city
It will stay the same
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Major Mayors of Europe – Magid Magid
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From refugee to MEP, the 30-year-old Magid Magid is shaking up European politics
sierpień 16, 2019 19:30
Anton Stoyanov
Źródło: John Lubbock [CC BY-SA 2.0 ]
This week we take a look at Magid Magid – the former Lord Mayor of Sheffield, the United Kingdo
Who is Magid Magid?
Magid Magid was not an ordinary mayor. First off because he wasn't really a mayor in the traditional sense, rather he was a Lord Mayor, a radically different position, but we'll get down to that in a moment. And second, he was born in Burao, Somaliland, Somalia. He and his parents escaped the country right after the start of the Somali Civil War in 1994 and were placed in a refugee camp in Ethiopia. After they were finally permitted to enter the United Kingdom, they moved to Sheffield.
In the following years, Magid studied aquatic zoology at the University of Hull where he got his first taste for politics – as president of the students' union. In 2014, despite his surroundings being heavily Labour-leaning he joined the Green Party of England and Wales. After working for the party's city councillors he was himself elected in 2016. In 2018 he was elected by his fellow councillors as Lord Mayor of Sheffield for a one year term. The following year, Magid was chosen to be the Green party's lead candidate for Yorkshire and Humber in the European Parliament election and became the party's first ever MEP in the region.
Magid's magic approach to mayorship
The title of Lord Mayor, while sounding fancy, is nothing compared to what is traditionally understood as mayor. The role is largely ceremonial, with its holder representing the city and city council on official occasions, without actually wielding any executive powers. Nonetheless, becoming Lord Mayor is considered a great honour and Magid Magid had no intention of letting the opportunity go to waste.
He made his first order of business to liven up the role of Lord Mayor and to shake off its archaic nature. To that end, during his inauguration ceremony, the Imperial March from Star Wars was played, followed by the Superman theme. During his one-year term he heavily promoted community engagement – he wanted people to feel like a part of something bigger and something better and invited everyone interested to accompany him on his official duties. He quickly gained fame across the whole of the United Kingdom due to his clashes with hardline Brexiteers and his description of U.S. president Donald Trump as a "wasteman". He even went as far as banning the president from Sheffield, despite the City Council stating that he actually doesn't have the power to do so.
Making headlines
We all know the story – there weren't supposed to be any United Kingdom MEPs in the 2019 legislature. But we can't help but be glad that Magid Magid won a seat due to the British government's failure to properly deliver on the results of the referendum.
On his very first day at the job, the 30-year-old MEP was already making headlines. Despite the European Parliament being the most representative of the European Union's institutions, it's never been as diverse as the continent itself. Magid Magid was greeted in a cold and aggressive manner with some people asking him to leave the European Parliament's building. But it wasn't just that. After his first couple of weeks on the job, Magid voiced his frustrations at the European Parliament's way of doing things – "Instead of reaching out, people here are burying their heads in the sand", he stated. And who can argue that that's not true?
Breathing new life into the European Project
Magid Magid is the perfect example of what Europe can be and should strive to become. The former Lord Mayor's passion for the European project shows us that the future is bright so long as there are people willing to fight for it.
The Green Wave that swept over Western Europe is evidence enough that citizens are recognizing the role that we as Europeans should play in the global fight against climate change. Furthermore, the far-right's less than stellar showing is even further proof that voters want Europe to do more rather than take a step back and let people like Matteo Salvini and Nigel Farage take the wheel. And the former Lord Mayor is the embodiment of these significant developments in Europe.
With politicians like Magid Magid, who place engagement with citizens and caring for one's constituents at the very top of his list of priorities and who don't mince their words regarding the far right politicians who only want to destroy and instill hatred, there might be some hope after all.
Sheffield's former mayor is precisely the person who best symbolizes the fight for the European Union's soul – and we should be thankful for the UK government's abysmal attempts at solving the Brexit impasse, for without that, Magid Magid would not have stepped into the continental spotlight.
Local governments are usually the authorities closest to their citizens. As heads of such governments, Mayors often bask in unrivaled democratic legitimacy. While some are perfectly content with serving their constituents on the local level for many years, others use their popularity to propel themselves onto the national and international stage and send ripples across the whole world.
Like the article? Subscribe to our newsletter to receive the latest from the EU cities right into your inbox.
Major Mayors of Europe - Zdeněk Hřib
Oddly enough, it's not been country leaders, rather the mayor of Prague who's been at the forefront of combating Chinese influence on the continent
Major Mayors of Europe - Robert Biedroń
Who is Robert Biedroń and how is the former mayor of Słupsk transforming national politics
Old faces, new beginnings – the Ursula von der Leyen story
The narrow win for Ursula von der Leyen might be paving the path towards a tectonic shift in EU politics
lipiec 18, 2019 09:30
After spending 12 years as mayor of Porto, Rui Rio is now faced with a tumultuous task – keeping his party together in the face of adversity
Stolpe an der Peene
Mayors in Germany have been coming under increased threat from violence over the past couple of years
Riga braces for referendum on City Council dismissal
The future of the Latvian capital's local government has been in doubt since a state of emergency was declared last year
Greek cities' diplomatic efforts
Engaging in foreign missions is proving to be great boon for many municipalities in Greece
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Seismic surveys are environmentally safe and provide data needed for government officials to make informed decisions about the nation's energy future.
The geophysical industry proudly enables the discovery of resources that ensure access to safe affordable energy around the globe.
The International Association of Geophysical Contractors (IAGC) President Nikki Martin today issued the following statement regarding environmental groups' attacks on the geophysical and oil and gas industries.
"In recent months, environmental activist groups have increasingly used misinformation targeting geophysical surveys in an effort to halt oil and gas exploration and development. One such example of their propaganda aired this week on U.S. television in an attempt to mislead the public to believe that seismic surveys are harmful to marine life.
Meanwhile, news this week highlights the benefits of using seismic surveys as countries stake their territorial claims in the arctic by mapping the continental shelf adjacent to their boundaries. There is also a documentary screening at film festivals around the world featuring the important research of the Earth Observatory of Singapore using this same geophysical technology to predict and prevent the devastating consequences of earthquakes.
Seismic and other geophysical surveys have been safely conducted in the U.S. and around the globe for more than 50 years. In fact, whether on land or in the ocean, geophysical surveys have numerous applications in addition to oil and gas exploration, including scientific and academic research and pre-development studies for roads and renewable energy facilities.
U.S. Representative Jeff Duncan stated in a Congressional Hearing this week, that we must not put our nation at risk by limiting access to potential U.S. energy resources because of these environmental groups' use of "fear-mongering tactics" when there is not one single verifiable instance of sound from geophysical surveys harming marine mammal populations.
Protecting the marine environment and oil and gas exploration are not mutually exclusive, and the two successfully coexist every day. The geophysical industry, along with exploration and production (E&P) companies, invests significant resources in research to increase understanding of the effect of sound on marine life generated by oil and gas E&P activity. The research contributes to the knowledge base and helps industry develop effective mitigation strategies for any potential risks that may exist.
The geophysical industry proudly enables the discovery of resources that ensure access to safe affordable energy around the globe and that provide more than 6,000 petroleum-based products, from hospital equipment and smartphones to the vehicles, kayaks, and bicycles environmental activists ride to "keep it in the ground" protests.
Seismic and other geophysical surveys are the critical first step to better understanding the resource potential, providing policy makers and regulators with the information they need to make informed decisions about oil and gas development based on the best available data and not speculation.
The IAGC represents more than 125 member companies worldwide from all segments of the geophysical industry and is the only trade organization solely dedicated to representing the industry. It is the leader in geophysical technical and operations expertise and for more than 45 years, the IAGC has worked to optimize the business and regulatory climate and enhances public understanding to support a strong, viable geophysical industry essential to discovering and delivering the world's energy resources.


13 Feb 2013 Patios often have concrete bases, but some homeowners use stone, tile, pavers, brick or In short, patios are usually cheaper than decks.
Give your walkway a makeover with this easy do it yourself project - Learn how to build your Tags: dirt cheap, diy, faux, landscaping, stone, walkway . I'm making a patio for my BBQ area and a walk way from my garage to my back door.
9 Mar 2017 Patios can be really hit or miss. Ask any gardener and they'll tell you making more of a patio isn't as touch as it . Simple and cheap to make.
12 May 2014 Budget Backyard: 10 Ways to Use Cheap Concrete Cinder Blocks Here are ten DIY cinderblock ideas to steal, modify and make your own:.
Using CHEAP concrete block , you can create the look of stone pavers! Patios & Decks Design. See more. Use inexpensive bricks to make a decorative patio.
Build a Patio in 6 Simple Steps Use the following tutorial to build a flagstone, brick, or paver patio. Landscape fabric is inexpensive and easy to install.


In addition to Rocky Point (Puerto Peñasco), visitors to the state of Sonora are now able to drive directly to cities like San Carlos, Guaymas, Hermosillo, Magdalena, Kino Bay and Santa Ana, without obtaining a temporary vehicle importation permit. Travelers are required to have proof of US citizenship, a valid driver's license and vehicle registration.
In Km. 98 of Empalme, ends the free circulation zone for vehicles of foreign citizens and Mexicans living abroad; from this point, it is necessary for all vehicles to have a temporary importation permit, to avoid having their vehicle impounded by the customs authorities.


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Trucks as power generators on wheels? It will all be possible soon.
Agnieszka Kulikowska - Wielgus
Journalist Trans.info
All thanks to the special flexible solar cells from which the tarpaulin can be made. This solution will help reduce CO2 emissions and fuel consumption in trucks.
Although the invention of the Fraunhofer Institute in Germany may have many more applications, solar tarpaulins are the most interesting from the point of view of the transport industry. Thanks to special flexible photovoltaic cells, the tautliners common in the transport sector will soon be able to generate electricity. Thanks to a new 'photovoltaic fabric' that will absorb solar energy, tarpaulins will be able to supply the truck with the electricity it needs, for example, during breaks or during loading or unloading.
Fraunhofer IKTS will textile Solarzellen in fünf Jahren zur Marktreife bringen: Einen ersten Prototyp haben die Wissenschaftler aus Dresden bereits hergestellt. Die Wirkungsgrade der textilen Solarzellen sollen in nächster Zeit auf mehr als… https://t.co/FtuY4Ljrkc #solar #pv pic.twitter.com/nxgdXuUja2
— pv magazine (@pvmagazine_de) August 2, 2019
We can repair solar cells directly on technical fabrics through various coating processes," explains Dr. Lars Rebenklau, Head of Systems Integration Group at the Fraunhofer Institute.
Therefore, the scientists do not use glass or silicon as in the case of traditional solar modules, but rather a fabric as the substrate. This is quite complicated because of the size of the machines in the textile manufacturing companies. Another difficulty is that the fabric has to withstand a temperature of about 200 degrees Celsius during the coating process. Ultimately, however, as Dr Rebenklau announced, the scientists decided to use glass fibre that meets all these requirements.
Five years from now in the market?
The first prototype of the photovoltaic fabric has already been developed. At the moment, however, its efficiency is between 0.1 and 0.3%. Scientists still have a lot of work to do, because the efficiency of traditional silicon cells varies from 10% to 20%. However, the Fraunhofer Institute has an optimisation plan that will allow it to improve the current efficiency by more than 5%. According to scientists, the photovoltaic tarpaulin can enter the market in about 5 years.
Photo: Trans.INFO
#alternative fuel#emission#innovation


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Here's the 2016 XXL Freshmen
June 14, 2016 June 19, 2016 Lauren Ziegler
The annual XXL Freshman Class is upon us once more, featuring a who's who list of the rappers supposedly poised for superstardom. This year marks the ninth annual Freshmen class, and they are: Anderson .Paak, 21 Savage, Kodak Black, Lil Uzi Vert, Lil Dicky, Dave East, Denzel Curry, Desiigner, G Herbo and Lil Yachty.
There. It's all done now. Congratulations to everyone included, from the lesser knowns like Dave East and G Herbo, to chart-topper Desiigner, and my personal favourite artist right now, Anderson .Paak.
I've always found the annual Freshmen list interesting in that people take it far too seriously, like some magical hub for A&R hip-hop wizardry.
It is true that every single list since its 2008 inception has featured at least a couple of rappers who certainly went on to superstardom: Lupe Fiasco, Kid Cudi, J Cole. Wiz Khalifa, Mac Miller, Kendrick Lamar, Future, Danny Brown, Macklemore, ScHoolboy Q, Travi$ Scott, Action Bronson, Joey Bada$$, Chance the Rapper, Vic Mensa, Isaiah Rashad and Vince Staples have all been tapped for success in the various lists since 2008.
But you're kind of mistaken if you think these lists were what set them off. You're also mistaken if you think this is a be-all-and-end-all list.
More often than not these lists are simply a point of industry and media debate; a showcase curated by alone single publication – a highly respected publication, yes, but one publication.
I'm not saying that these lists are pointless or irrelevant, I'm merely saying that people place way, way too much importance on who gets in and who doesn't, in the same way that people place way too much important on who ends up on end-of-year lists. This is about as subjective as it gets. It's also incredibly male-dominated – even for rap. In the entire history of the XXL Freshman, there's been three women: Tink, Angel Haze and Iggy Azalea. Yes, three. Out of nearly one hundred. But we'll save that for another article.
You need to also consider the backend of this project: XXL works with each of these artists over the coming months to release exclusive material, new music, interviews, live performances and so on. The availability and cooperation of these artists plays a major factor – it's not like XXL just picked a bunch of rappers without any consideration from their end. For instance, artists including Jay Electronica, Tyler, The Creator, Young Thug, Nicki Minaj and A$AP Rocky are all major example of artists tapped for fame who turned down the opportunity.
Yes, some industry execs and A&R hawks will swoop in to take a closer look at those who made it (and those who didn't), but a quick look through the list's history will prove that it doesn't exactly make or break artists.
Yes, it's a fantastic, fun list and a tremendous pat on the back. It's also an exciting media campaign, with each freshman to drop exclusive interviews, videos, cyphers and freestyles in the coming week.
But stop taking it so seriously.
Image: XXL/Youtube
News XXL Freshmen. permalink.
Talib Kweli Recalls the First Time he met a Young Kanye West
Last Week's Albums: The Temper Trap, Kevin Gates, Young Chop & AD & Sorry Jaynari


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Social media explained for photographers
Social media has made a tremendous change in the photography community over the past ten years. It has totally redesigned the way photographers communicate with each other and the rest of the world. It's so much easier to share are photos, our thoughts, experiences, critiques and advice. It has greatly benefited the photographic communities, but it has also brought some changes, not all of them positive.
I decided to have a look at how the major social sites are impacting photography and photographers. I'm not particularly good at predicting the future, so for now I'll just stick to past and present.
Well, first of all, at the start of Facebook, it kind of revolved around photography. Without a profile picture, you pretty much didn't matter. Today, as we all well know, it's the most popular social network, yet it seems to be declining in terms of user numbers. Facebook is overflowed with photographs of all kinds, to the point where I think it's starting to cheapen photography a bit. I'm not pointing fingers and I definitely love the idea of having your own page that others can like, but I think the need people have to document and share everything with a photo has somehow made it far too accessible. Up to some point, the value of something comes from its scarcity. That's why gold and diamonds cost so much. However, photography and Facebook go hand in hand together. In fact, they go so well together, I've heard of camera prototypes with a dedicated Facebook upload button. Only time will tell if they'll actually hit the market.
Check out Photography Talk's Official Facebook page!
Although Twitter is quite different in terms of looks, it's a fantastic tool for sharing all kinds of stuff. It's one of the best ways to keep your followers updated with what you're doing and it's also a fast way to learn about industry news and to find information and articles about hot topics. One of the coolest things is that Twitter connects really well with other accounts such as Flickr and Instagram. Also, if you have a question to ask, you're more likely to find a good answer. The hash tag has been recently included by Facebook as well, but Twitter is still the best place to use it.
Follow Photography Talk's official Twitter account!
Too much has been said already about the influence of Instagram on photography and photographers, so I'm not going to develop the subject too much. Like all other forms of social gatherings, be they online or offline, it has its good and bad, it's casual, mediocre pictures of lunches from all over the planet, and it's incredibly talented users as well. I can't be one hundred percent objective about this because personally, I love phone photography and I see a great future for it, but I also know there are a lot of folks who would disagree or at least who would want things to look different. At this point, I think it doesn't even matter if Instagram makes it in the long run, but chances are it will do pretty well for a long time to come. What matters is the fact that it created the amazing sharing platform that we enjoy every day, designed exclusively for photography.
Gallery sites
Flickr and 500px are two of the most popular places for sharing photography, and each day, thousands of new shutterbugs join them. They are a great way to get feedback on your photos, although you shouldn't base the judgment of your own work solely on the feedback you get on Flickr or 500px.
Sites dedicated to photographers
These are websites that are usually made by and for photographers. They contain articles, reviews, they have busy forums where photographers interact and so on .You're on one of the best examples, Photography Talk. The goal of websites this is to spread knowledge about photography, to offer help to newcomers but also to seasoned veterans. Some also offer advice about gear purchases and helpful tips on what to look out for. It's websites like these that have made the learning process so much easier that in used to be. It's not all about the written content. Sometimes the forums can be valuable sources of information and inspiration. Of course, it's not all milk and honey, and sometimes the debates reach ridiculous heights, but even so, you have a lot to learn.
I haven't quite made up my mind about how Pinterest affects photographers. I love it, but I don't think it has to do with photography, but rather with everything else. It's a good place to find interesting stuff, links and cool lists, but I wouldn't call it important in the development or progress of a photographer.
Google + was met with a certain amount of skepticism from bloggers and social media gurus, but I think it did pretty well for itself. The cool thing about Google +, and one of the key differences between it and other networks is that it allows you to connect with people who share your interests and passions. Another cool aspect is that it's not a closed network, like Facebook is for instance. Facebook keeps all the information within its own network. Since Google is the world's most used search engine, and a publicity giant, it indexes its content so that it becomes searchable, which should ultimately help you find new clients and fans.
Check out Photography Talk on Google +!
I know some might disagree, but I found no use in it for photographers. Not yet, anyway.
Also Read: 41 REASONS WHY YOU SHOULDN'T DATE A PHOTOGRAPHER
2013 Photographer's Market: The Most Trusted Guide to Selling Your Photography
How to Create Stunning Digital Photography
Best Business Practices for Photographers
The Fast Track Photographer Business Plan: Build a Successful Photography Venture from the Ground Up
Group Portrait Photography Handbook
500 Poses for Photographing Women
The Best of Family Portrait Photography: Professional Techniques and Images
500 Poses for Photographing Group Portraits
Selling Your Photography: How to Make Money in New and Traditional Markets
Starting Your Career as a Freelance Photographer
Photographer's Survival Manual: A Legal Guide for Artists in the Digital Age
Legal Handbook for Photographers: The Rights and Liabilities of Making Images
Taking Stock: Make money in microstock creating photos that sell
Going Pro: How to Make the Leap from Aspiring to Professional Photographer
Image credit: twindesign / 123RF Stock Photo


In this tutorial we formulate the likelihood function of the problem introduced in Tutorial 2 in Python and use Fesslix to perform the Bayesian inference. BUS-SuS is employed as inference method.
This tutorial is based on Tutorial 2a. Please perform Tutorial 2a before you start with this tutorial. The code given in this tutorial (Tutorial 2c) replaces the code given in Section 1.3 of Tutorial 2a. The code given in Sections 1.1 and 1.2 of Tutorial 2a precedes all code given in this tutorial (Tutorial 2c); and the code given in Sections 1.4 and 1.5 of Tutorial 2a succeedes all code given in this tutorial (Tutorial 2c).
Next, we link the Python function PyLimit in file tutorial_2c_likeli.py to Fesslix as FlxFunction likeli.


When I was trooping through Disney World Orlando with my children, I have to confess that I did not think I was in the so-called happiest place on Earth. We had been to Disneyland Paris with the children when they were 3 years old, and had forgotten how much larger Disney Orlando is in comparison.
4 Go Forth and Enjoy Disney World!
Needless to say, my children were bouncing around beyond thrilled with the whole Disney Orlando experience. I did not remember it being so big or so crowded!! I hadn't been to Disney since I was a child and clearly was seeing the Orlando park in a whole new light.
I was trudging behind them with a fixed smile on face wondering why I was spending so much money to be so tired and stressed. At least I was doing better than my husband who had turned into the family mule – carrying all the extra supplies such as water bottles and the must-have souvenirs. We should've made it a family rule that anyone who buys mouse-ear hats needs to wear them.
Lesson learned: Just because you have been somewhere as a child does not mean that you will know how to make it a fun experience for yourself as an adult.
I wish I had seen these 50 ways to Get The Most Out Of Your Disney World Holiday list before my trip. It would've been really useful!
There is a Groupon Orlando site that lets you grab some good deals for the time you are in town.
My kids loved the Toy Story ride at Hollywood Studios. We should definitely have used a FastPass on that one and spared ourselves the queue. In fact, we should've FastPassed all of Disney.
We missed seeing a lot of Downtown Disney. Downtown Disney is being renovated into a replica of small-town America circa the early 20th century and being renamed Disney Springs. One of Disney Springs' four areas, The Landing, will be ready in early 2015.
Although this list of tips for visiting Disney World is pretty good, I have a couple of other points to add.
You will definitely enjoy the water parks on a hot summer afternoon. We would go to the Disney Parks in the morning and then laze in the water parks in the afternoon.
The reason we missed Downtown Disney is that our kids were obsessed with DisneyQuest. It's 5 floors of windowless, indoor, interactive fun, i.e., the biggest arcade I've ever seen. There are also virtual reality games (with height restrictions) and a younger children's gaming area.
Except for a couple of things (those 'claw' games which are such a rip-off), the admission price will allow you to play arcade games to your heart's content – racing simulators, 80's games like PacMan and Tetris, air hockey etc. After a few hours, all you see and hear are blinking lights and the dinging of machines. But at least we weren't standing in a massive line in the heat! Disney Quest is open from late morning to late at night so it's easy to fit into your other plans. It would be criminal to come to Florida and not enjoy the sunshine!
If you are looking for an easy down-time or rainy afternoon activity, our children loved the novelty of the AMC Downtown dine-in theatre. They got to combine a movie and a restaurant experience in one. Frankly, it's just like being at home except (i) the bigger screen, (ii) ordering from a menu and (iii) it's more expensive.
Definitely take in as many of the night spectacles as you can. Each show is different and fairly spectacular. We had our children take naps in the afternoon so they could stay up later to see the night shows.
With little kids the Disney magic is hard to beat. You should, however, check out some of the other theme parks. Our children loved Sea World because they love sea animals of any kind. All of these theme parks add up in price so you'll need to pick and choose. In retrospect we would have picked a lesser Disney package so that we could have more time/money for other parks.
Go Forth and Enjoy Disney World!
Of course, we have promised the children we will return to Orlando! The children will be older and we will spend less time at Disney and more time at the other parks. Next time, though, I will definitely be more prepared!


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Even Jaden Smith Has No Idea What He's Talking About
Even Jaden is confused by his own tweets.
Dave Stopera
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NEW YORK, NY - MAY 23: Jaden Smith attends the 'Men In Black 3' New York Premiere at Ziegfeld Theatre on May 23, 2012 in New York City.
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With electric wave skin-tighten technology and automatic energy control system, it is a safe therapeutics with no invasion, no surgery, no blood shed, and no need for recovery. You can find obvious changes after the first treatment.
The Radio-frequency (RF) utilizes 0.3MHz/s or 0.5MHz/s electric wave, which can permeate the epidermis to take effect on the underlying tissue. High-frequency shake will make resistance of the underlying tissue move and produce high energy, which makes the temperature of the underlying tissue rise instantly. Since high heat causes immediate contraction of fiber and collagen tissues followed by new collagen production and recombination, hence get the desirable effects of skin-tightening, wrinkle-removal and figure-shaping, etc.


Hey man, thanks so much for sharing those scans from the Generations 2015 book with us! Do you know where I could purchase a copy of it?
"I find it hilarious that people are jumping all over themselves to defend paying higher prices for these things."
Sorry...just stumbled upon that thread today.


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How Long Is A 1000 Word Essay (And Why)?
Exact Answer: 2 to 4 pages
Writing is a passion that only a very few understand and pursue. Though there are millions of students who complete their degree in literature and graduate, only some reach heights, while many settle for less. The beauty of literature is that, when one understands and absorbs it completely, it can be a delight to work in, but if one finds it boring, it's lost hope. Some choose to use their skills in literature technically, like academically writing essays and articles, some choose to focus more on writing and creating books in their own words with their imagination.
How Long Is A 1000 Word Essay?
Why Is A 1000 Word Essay So Long?
Yet, some choose to become writers in newspapers and journals, and even in website blogs, stating the facts of the world. Not everybody has the same dreams and ideas. People think that only a few types of careers can come from studying literature, but that's certainly not true. Literature is everywhere in one's day-to-day life. For example, when one wants to write an essay for their resume, even for getting hired in another job, they must know how to write an essay. Writing an essay can be very easy and simple for some, while it can be a tedious job for others.
Type of writers Length
Normal spacing 2 pages
Wide spacing 3.5 to 4 pages
Normally, a 1000 word essay takes up about 2 to 4 pages, and the duration is taken to write them differs based on the person writing them. There are many things one should know before starting to write an essay, and while they are at it, they should also know that there are also other factors that influence how long it takes to complete a 1000 word essay.
Actually, for one who is very familiar with writing articles and pieces, a 1000 word essay is a really short piece, but for beginners, there are tips they can get from the experienced ones to complete an essay in a short time while making it as good as it can get. Before writing an essay, one should first research the topic, plan how to write the essay, and many other such things. When someone is writing a piece that is funny, quirky, and in their point of view, it could be done much faster. Although, if someone is writing an educational or professional piece that requires a lot of grammar and plagiarism checks and research to write it.
The faster one types, the quicker they can capture their thoughts and put them into words. As time goes on, the thoughts and ideas can slip away. According to professional writers, it usually takes about 20 minutes to write a 100-word essay with research, but if the essay is from the writer's point of view and about their ideas, the time will be cut in half. For beginners, it takes about an hour and a half or two to complete a 1000 word essay.
For people who have been writing for a while, it will take about an hour and a bit more. Yet, for professionals, it only takes around 40 to 50 minutes to complete the entire piece of 1000 word essay, along with research.
How long To Clamp Foley After 1000 ML (And Why)?
How Long Does It Take To Write 1000 Words (And Why)?
How Long Is 1000 Hours (And Why)?
Many factors determine how long it takes a person to write an essay. Though a 1000 word essay comes about just 2 to 4 pages and takes only within an hour, there are other things too.
The number of pages a 1000 word essay takes up can depend on the alignment and the size and type of fonts. The time one takes to write the essay can depend on how fast they type, how fast they can put their thoughts into words, and how quickly they can research the topic and plan an outline.
Usually, a 1000 word essay is either single-spaced or double-spaced, but many prefer double-spaced because it is easier to read and understand. When someone writes a professional essay, they first understand the topic, research it, and plan an outline. The outline of the essay includes the introduction, the body with a few subheadings, and a conclusion. Some might add acknowledgment and references.
https://academic.oup.com/eltj/article-abstract/57/2/158/366535
https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=UNLwDQAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PP1&dq=1000+word+essay&ots=hIvXo9X1RO&sig=jt76_8aGeqgsQW8gMmM3csFzHpA


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Home NewsRoyal Mail to hire 20k Christmas staff in 2017
Royal Mail to hire 20k Christmas staff in 2017
By Dan Wilson September 28, 2017 - 10:10 pm
Royal Mail has started its seasonal recruitment drive. Workers are being sought by Royal Mail to help sort the Christmas post and the increasing amount of online Christmas shopping.
Around 20,000 seasonal roles are available across the UK in Royal Mail and Parcelforce Worldwide, primarily to help sort the additional Christmas volumes of mail. The positions are available from late October through until early January 2018.
Around 16000 people are needed to work in mail centres, distribution centres and data centres across England. This includes around 1000 roles available at a new super Parcel Sort Centre at Atherstone in Warwickshire. There are also around 1000 posts in Scotland, around 300 jobs in Wales and 500 roles in Northern Ireland. The temporary recruits will help to sort Christmas cards and parcels and online shopping orders before they are taken to around 1400 Delivery Offices for postmen and women to take out on their rounds. Royal Mail Group's express parcels business, Parcelforce Worldwide, is also recruiting around 900 extra sorting staff and 1200 drivers throughout the UK.
Royal Mail's chief operations officer, Sue Whalley, says: "Christmas continues to be our busiest time of year. We plan all year round to help ensure we deliver the best possible service for UK consumers and businesses at Christmas. We are continuing to make a substantial commitment in additional resources including the recruitment of thousands of temporary workers to handle the festive mailbag and the growing market of online Christmas shopping."
It's an annual ritual. Royal Mail always brings in a great many extra staff at Christmas to deal with the bulk of peak. But this year it is interesting because the CWU and Royal Mail are locked in a dispute about pensions and working conditions that could well lead to serious strikes between now and Christmas. It's likely that the staff they hire for Christmas won't be part of the union.
Royal Mail is the UK's national postal service tasked with delivering to every household in the country
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Small double circle necklace, fixed together. Hand-sculpted porcelain pendant, adorned with delicate gold dots. Transparent satin glaze on top, back unglazed.14K gold-filled or sterling silver chain with a clasp closure, to choose from.
Porcelain shape measures 0.8 inch (2,1cm) wide and 1.2 inches (3,1cm) from top to bottom. Chain length is 19.7 inches (50cm). If you want a custom length, just leave us a note during checkout.


The funds you are requesting will fully fund your project.
If your request is technology-related, make sure that the LVJUSD District Office will support the technology before you submit your grant application.
1. Please provide a detailed budget with your request.
2. Applications that request sustainable items rather than consumable and recurring items are encouraged.
3. Flash Grants are designed to fund an entire project rather than be one of several grant funds for a project.
4. Flash grants are intended to fund relatively small and urgent (time is of the essence) requests.
5. LVEF expects applicants to seek funds that may be available from their site, department, or parent group before applying for a Flash Grant.
6. Applicants should not simultaneously apply for an LVEF Flash Grant and a mini-grant from Rotary as LVEF matches approved Rotary grants.
Click here to apply for a Flash Grant!
Apply for a Mini-Grant if you are requesting up to $1,000. Mini-Grants are available through the Morning Rotary Club and Afternoon Rotary Club. Use the Mini-Grant program to apply for funding for site-specific Chromebooks and iPads.
Click here to apply for an IE Grant.
The William and Sally Dunlop Foundation Grant is named for two of our most honored Board Directors, Dr. William Dunlop and Sally Dunlop. The Dunlop's have devoted their lives to benefiting the Livermore Community through their boundless philanthropy and kindness. We are proud to create this grant in their names.
Livermore Valley Education Foundation Director – Education Committee Dr. William H. Dunlop received his PhD in Nuclear Physics from UCLA, and has worked at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory since 1972. He served as Division Leader for thermonuclear weapons development and then as Program Leader overseeing the Non-Proliferation, Arms Control and Treaty Verification work. This assignment included his membership in US delegation to the Nuclear Testing Talks and then to the US delegation t the Conference on Disarmament in Geneva. He served as the Technical Advisor to the US Ambassador to the Conference on Disarmament during the negotiation of the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty. Dr. Dunlop is currently the Chairman of the Nuclear Forensics Science Panel for National Technical Nuclear Forensics Center. He also is co-chair of a panel of experts that supports the Air Force Technical Applications Center (AFTAC). Dr. Dunlop Founded the Livermore Valley Education Foundation, became it first president and continues to serve on the LVEF Board. He served on the Livermore School Board from 2004 through 2014.
Sally Dunlop – As a member of the California Music Educators Association and the American Choral Directors Association, Ms. Dunlop presently serves on the Livermore Cultural Arts Council and the Commission for the Arts for the City of Livermore. She sings with the San Francisco Bay Area Chamber Singers who have sung at the Vatican, St. Marks Cathedral in Venice, Chartres Cathedral in France and many countries throughout Europe. Ms. Dunlop taught choral music at Livermore and Granada High Schools in Livermore and directed the music for the musicals for 18 years. Her choirs have received Unanimous Superior ratings at festivals and toured to Southern California, Nevada, Hawaii and New York City where they had the privilege of singing in Carnegie Hall.
Click here to apply for a Bill and Sally Dunlop Foundation grant.


At MIT, Dina Katabi and her team are working on a bold new way to monitor patients' vital signs in a hospital (or even at home), without wearables or bulky, beeping devices. Bonus: it can see through walls. In a mind-blowing talk and demo, Katabi previews a system that captures the reflections of signals like Wi-Fi as they bounce off people, creating a reliable record of vitals for healthcare workers and patients. And in a brief Q&A with TED curator Helen Walters, Katabi discusses safeguards being put in place to prevent people from using this tech to monitor somebody without their consent.


Property portal CommercialVIEW.com.au is targeting Queensland as part of the next phase of its national expansion.
CommercialVIEW CEO Daniel Bignold said we are offering commercial real estate agents in Queensland a new viable alternative to the major media portals.
"Our launch event in Brisbane last night, supported by Macquarie Bank and the Real Estate Institute of Queensland, saw CommercialVIEW incredibly well received by those in attendance," Mr Bignold said.
Mr Bignold said as a member owned organisation CommercialVIEW's research capabilities make us a standout in the sector and our new national footprint gives us an incredible advantage in the marketplace.
"We have the backing of the Real Estate Institute of Queensland and hope to galvanise the support of its members," Mr Bignold said.
REIQ CEO Antonia Mercorella said we have a thriving commercial and Industrial market in Queensland and an industry-backed portal offers unique advantages.
"CommercialVIEW aligns with our own principles. It is also great to be able to create real competition in the industry. Monopolies are not healthy for the market. The consumer is more likely to be better serviced and have better options at hand when there are healthy levels of competition and choice.
"CommercialVIEW has a strong supporter base in Victoria and New South Wales and we look forward to seeing it build a loyal base here in Queensland," Ms Mercorella said.


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Q: Modifying Hyperledger Composer WebApp I've completed the Hyperledger Composer Developer tutorial https://hyperledger.github.io/composer/tutorials/developer-guide.html and I've generated the BNA, deployed it to a local Hyperledger Fabric 1.0 instance, generated the REST API, and generated the skeleton webapp using yo.
However, I noticed that the resulting webapp only has a menu for adding assets, and none for adding participants and submitting transactions.  I have two questions:
1) Why doesn't the webapp generate menus for adding participants and submitting transactions?  (or does it, and how do I get it to do that?)
2) In an attempt to add the ability to add participants and submit transactions through the webapp, I've looked through the app directory for the relevant source code but became confused as I'm relatively new to web/angular dev.
Is there any reference documentation to show which source files need to be edited to add participants and transactions?
As far as I can tell, \src\app folder has the source files but I don't understand the roles that each of these files play:

*

*app.component.html has the actual HTML menus, but what is this [routerLink] referring to?

*I noticed for each asset that there is a subfolder with a CSS, HTML, and three .TS files.  Are these needed for each participant as well?
Any direction or reference on how to modify the web app to accommodate adding participants and transactions would be much appreciated.

A: 1) Why doesn't the webapp generate menus for adding participants and submitting transactions? (or does it, and how do I get it to do that?)
Because its a very simple skeleton NG2 app scoped to assets, which you as a developer can add to. You can easily add REST API calls (operations) from your Angular app to (for example) submit transactions. This is how you should interact with the runtime Fabric using Composer REST operations.
2) Is there any reference documentation to show which source files need to be edited to add participants and transactions?
This is a straightforward Angular tutorial https://angular.io/tutorial and here https://angular.io/guide/quickstart - and this tutorial will help explain Angular further.
The dataservice in the generated App is where the current 'asset' REST operation is called from and further REST operations can be added here -> /src/app/data.service.ts

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