text:
CREATE TABLE country (id NVARCHAR(2) NOT NULL, name NVARCHAR(64) NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (id));

INSERT INTO [country] ([id], [name]) VALUES ('AF', 'Afghanistan');
INSERT INTO [country] ([id], [name]) VALUES ('AL', 'Albanien');
INSERT INTO [country] ([id], [name]) VALUES ('DZ', 'Algeriet');
INSERT INTO [country] ([id], [name]) VALUES ('AS', 'Amerikansk Samoa');
INSERT INTO [country] ([id], [name]) VALUES ('UM', 'Amerikanske oversøiske øer');
INSERT INTO [country] ([id], [name]) VALUES ('AD', 'Andorra');
INSERT INTO [country] ([id], [name]) VALUES ('AO', 'Angola');
INSERT INTO [country] ([id], [name]) VALUES ('AI', 'Anguilla');
INSERT INTO [country] ([id], [name]) VALUES ('AQ', 'Antarktis');
INSERT INTO [country] ([id], [name]) VALUES ('AG', 'Antigua og Barbuda');
INSERT INTO [country] ([id], [name]) VALUES ('AR', 'Argentina');
INSERT INTO [country] ([id], [name]) VALUES ('AM', 'Armenien');
INSERT INTO [country] ([id], [name]) VALUES ('AW', 'Aruba');
INSERT INTO [country] ([id], [name]) VALUES ('AC', 'Ascensionøen');
INSERT INTO [country] ([id], [name]) VALUES ('AZ', 'Aserbajdsjan');
INSERT INTO [country] ([id], [name]) VALUES ('AU', 'Australien');
INSERT INTO [country] ([id], [name]) VALUES ('BS', 'Bahamas');
INSERT INTO [country] ([id], [name]) VALUES ('BH', 'Bahrain');
INSERT INTO [country] ([id], [name]) VALUES ('BD', 'Bangladesh');
INSERT INTO [country] ([id], [name]) VALUES ('BB', 'Barbados');
INSERT INTO [country] ([id], [name]) VALUES ('BE', 'Belgien');
INSERT INTO [country] ([id], [name]) VALUES ('BZ', 'Belize');
INSERT INTO [country] ([id], [name]) VALUES ('BJ', 'Benin');
INSERT INTO [country] ([id], [name]) VALUES ('BM', 'Bermuda');
INSERT INTO [country] ([id], [name]) VALUES ('BT', 'Bhutan');
INSERT INTO [country] ([id], [name]) VALUES ('BO', 'Bolivia');
INSERT INTO [country] ([id], [name]) VALUES ('BA', 'Bosnien-Hercegovina');
INSERT INTO [country] ([id], [name]) VALUES ('BW', 'Botswana');
INSERT INTO [country] ([id], [name]) VALUES ('BV', 'Bouvetøen');
INSERT INTO [country] ([id], [name]) VALUES ('BR', 'Brasilien');
INSERT INTO [country] ([id], [name]) VALUES ('BN', 'Brunei');
INSERT INTO [country] ([id], [name]) VALUES ('BG', 'Bulgarien');
INSERT INTO [country] ([id], [name]) VALUES ('BF', 'Burkina Faso');
INSERT INTO [country] ([id], [name]) VALUES ('BI', 'Burundi');
INSERT INTO [country] ([id], [name]) VALUES ('KH', 'Cambodja');
INSERT INTO [country] ([id], [name]) VALUES ('CM', 'Cameroun');
INSERT INTO [country] ([id], [name]) VALUES ('CA', 'Canada');
INSERT INTO [country] ([id], [name]) VALUES ('KY', 'Caymanøerne');
INSERT INTO [country] ([id], [name]) VALUES ('CF', 'Centralafrikanske Republik');
INSERT INTO [country] ([id], [name]) VALUES ('EA', 'Ceuta og Melilla');
INSERT INTO [country] ([id], [name]) VALUES ('CL', 'Chile');
INSERT INTO [country] ([id], [name]) VALUES ('CP', 'Clippertonøen');
INSERT INTO [country] ([id], [name]) VALUES ('CC', 'Cocosøerne');
INSERT INTO [country] ([id], [name]) VALUES ('CO', 'Colombia');
INSERT INTO [country] ([id], [name]) VALUES ('KM', 'Comorerne');
INSERT INTO [country] ([id], [name]) VALUES ('CG', 'Congo-Brazzaville');
INSERT INTO [country] ([id], [name]) VALUES ('CD', 'Congo-Kinshasa');
INSERT INTO [country] ([id], [name]) VALUES ('CK', 'Cookøerne');
INSERT INTO [country] ([id], [name]) VALUES ('CR', 'Costa Rica');
INSERT INTO [country] ([id], [name]) VALUES ('CU', 'Cuba');
INSERT INTO [country] ([id], [name]) VALUES ('CW', 'Curaçao');
INSERT INTO [country] ([id], [name]) VALUES ('CY', 'Cypern');
INSERT INTO [country] ([id], [name]) VALUES ('CI', 'Côte d'Ivoire');
INSERT INTO [country] ([id], [name]) VALUES ('DK', 'Danmark');
INSERT INTO [country] ([id], [name]) VALUES ('VI', 'De Amerikanske Jomfruøer');
INSERT INTO [country] ([id], [name]) VALUES ('VG', 'De Britiske Jomfruøer');
INSERT INTO [country] ([id], [name]) VALUES ('TF', 'De franske besiddelser i Det Sydlige Indiske Ocean');
INSERT INTO [country] ([id], [name]) VALUES ('PS', 'De palæstinensiske områder');
INSERT INTO [country] ([id], [name]) VALUES ('DO', 'Den Dominikanske Republik');
INSERT INTO [country] ([id], [name]) VALUES ('IO', 'Det britiske territorium i Det Indiske Ocean');
INSERT INTO [country] ([id], [name]) VALUES ('DG', 'Diego Garcia');
INSERT INTO [country] ([id], [name]) VALUES ('DJ', 'Djibouti');
INSERT INTO [country] ([id], [name]) VALUES ('DM', 'Dominica');
INSERT INTO [country] ([id], [name]) VALUES ('EC', 'Ecuador');
INSERT INTO [country] ([id], [name]) VALUES ('EG', 'Egypten');
INSERT INTO [country] ([id], [name]) VALUES ('SV', 'El Salvador');
INSERT INTO [country] ([id], [name]) VALUES ('ER', 'Eritrea');
INSERT INTO [country] ([id], [name]) VALUES ('EE', 'Estland');
INSERT INTO [country] ([id], [name]) VALUES ('ET', 'Etiopien');
INSERT INTO [country] ([id], [name]) VALUES ('FK', 'Falklandsøerne');
INSERT INTO [country] ([id], [name]) VALUES ('FJ', 'Fiji');
INSERT INTO [country] ([id], [name]) VALUES ('PH', 'Filippinerne');
INSERT INTO [country] ([id], [name]) VALUES ('FI', 'Finland');
INSERT INTO [country] ([id], [name]) VALUES ('AE', 'Forenede Arabiske Emirater');
INSERT INTO [country] ([id], [name]) VALUES ('FR', 'Frankrig');
INSERT INTO [country] ([id], [name]) VALUES ('GF', 'Fransk Guyana');
INSERT INTO [country] ([id], [name]) VALUES ('PF', 'Fransk Polynesien');
INSERT INTO [country] ([id], [name]) VALUES ('FO', 'Færøerne');
INSERT INTO [country] ([id], [name]) VALUES ('GA', 'Gabon');
INSERT INTO [country] ([id], [name]) VALUES ('GM', 'Gambia');
INSERT INTO [country] ([id], [name]) VALUES ('GE', 'Georgien');
INSERT INTO [country] ([id], [name]) VALUES ('GH', 'Ghana');
INSERT INTO [country] ([id], [name]) VALUES ('GI', 'Gibraltar');
INSERT INTO [country] ([id], [name]) VALUES ('GD', 'Grenada');
INSERT INTO [country] ([id], [name]) VALUES ('GR', 'Grækenland');
INSERT INTO [country] ([id], [name]) VALUES ('GL', 'Grønland');
INSERT INTO [country] ([id], [name]) VALUES ('GP', 'Guadeloupe');
INSERT INTO [country] ([id], [name]) VALUES ('GU', 'Guam');
INSERT INTO [country] ([id], [name]) VALUES ('GT', 'Guatemala');
INSERT INTO [country] ([id], [name]) VALUES ('GG', 'Guernsey');
INSERT INTO [country] ([id], [name]) VALUES ('GN', 'Guinea');
INSERT INTO [country] ([id], [name]) VALUES ('GW', 'Guinea-Bissau');
INSERT INTO [country] ([id], [name]) VALUES ('GY', 'Guyana');
INSERT INTO [country] ([id], [name]) VALUES ('HT', 'Haiti');
INSERT INTO [country] ([id], [name]) VALUES ('HM', 'Heard- og McDonald-øerne');
INSERT INTO [country] ([id], [name]) VALUES ('NL', 'Holland');
INSERT INTO [country] ([id], [name]) VALUES ('AN', 'Hollandske Antiller');
INSERT INTO [country] ([id], [name]) VALUES ('HN', 'Honduras');
INSERT INTO [country] ([id], [name]) VALUES ('HK', 'Hongkong SAR');
INSERT INTO [country] ([id], [name]) VALUES ('BY', 'Hviderusland');
INSERT INTO [country] ([id], [name]) VALUES ('IN', 'Indien');
INSERT INTO [country] ([id], [name]) VALUES ('ID', 'Indonesien');
INSERT INTO [country] ([id], [name]) VALUES ('IQ', 'Irak');
INSERT INTO [country] ([id], [name]) VALUES ('IR', 'Iran');
INSERT INTO [country] ([id], [name]) VALUES ('IE', 'Irland');
INSERT INTO [country] ([id], [name]) VALUES ('IS', 'Island');
INSERT INTO [country] ([id], [name]) VALUES ('IM', 'Isle of Man');
INSERT INTO [country] ([id], [name]) VALUES ('IL', 'Israel');
INSERT INTO [country] ([id], [name]) VALUES ('IT', 'Italien');
INSERT INTO [country] ([id], [name]) VALUES ('JM', 'Jamaica');
INSERT INTO [country] ([id], [name]) VALUES ('JP', 'Japan');
INSERT INTO [country] ([id], [name]) VALUES ('JE', 'Jersey');
INSERT INTO [country] ([id], [name]) VALUES ('JO', 'Jordan');
INSERT INTO [country] ([id], [name]) VALUES ('CX', 'Juleøen');
INSERT INTO [country] ([id], [name]) VALUES ('IC', 'Kanariske øer');
INSERT INTO [country] ([id], [name]) VALUES ('CV', 'Kap Verde');
INSERT INTO [country] ([id], [name]) VALUES ('KZ', 'Kasakhstan');
INSERT INTO [country] ([id], [name]) VALUES ('KE', 'Kenya');
INSERT INTO [country] ([id], [name]) VALUES ('CN', 'Kina');
INSERT INTO [country] ([id], [name]) VALUES ('KG', 'Kirgisistan');
INSERT INTO [country] ([id], [name]) VALUES ('KI', 'Kiribati');
INSERT INTO [country] ([id], [name]) VALUES ('XK', 'Kosovo');
INSERT INTO [country] ([id], [name]) VALUES ('HR', 'Kroatien');
INSERT INTO [country] ([id], [name]) VALUES ('KW', 'Kuwait');
INSERT INTO [country] ([id], [name]) VALUES ('LA', 'Laos');
INSERT INTO [country] ([id], [name]) VALUES ('LS', 'Lesotho');
INSERT INTO [country] ([id], [name]) VALUES ('LV', 'Letland');
INSERT INTO [country] ([id], [name]) VALUES ('LB', 'Libanon');
INSERT INTO [country] ([id], [name]) VALUES ('LR', 'Liberia');
INSERT INTO [country] ([id], [name]) VALUES ('LY', 'Libyen');
INSERT INTO [country] ([id], [name]) VALUES ('LI', 'Liechtenstein');
INSERT INTO [country] ([id], [name]) VALUES ('LT', 'Litauen');
INSERT INTO [country] ([id], [name]) VALUES ('LU', 'Luxembourg');
INSERT INTO [country] ([id], [name]) VALUES ('MO', 'Macao SAR');
INSERT INTO [country] ([id], [name]) VALUES ('MG', 'Madagaskar');
INSERT INTO [country] ([id], [name]) VALUES ('MK', 'Makedonien');
INSERT INTO [country] ([id], [name]) VALUES ('MW', 'Malawi');
INSERT INTO [country] ([id], [name]) VALUES ('MY', 'Malaysia');
INSERT INTO [country] ([id], [name]) VALUES ('MV', 'Maldiverne');
INSERT INTO [country] ([id], [name]) VALUES ('ML', 'Mali');
INSERT INTO [country] ([id], [name]) VALUES ('MT', 'Malta');
INSERT INTO [country] ([id], [name]) VALUES ('MA', 'Marokko');
INSERT INTO [country] ([id], [name]) VALUES ('MH', 'Marshalløerne');
INSERT INTO [country] ([id], [name]) VALUES ('MQ', 'Martinique');
INSERT INTO [country] ([id], [name]) VALUES ('MR', 'Mauretanien');
INSERT INTO [country] ([id], [name]) VALUES ('MU', 'Mauritius');
INSERT INTO [country] ([id], [name]) VALUES ('YT', 'Mayotte');
INSERT INTO [country] ([id], [name]) VALUES ('MX', 'Mexico');
INSERT INTO [country] ([id], [name]) VALUES ('FM', 'Mikronesiens Forenede Stater');
INSERT INTO [country] ([id], [name]) VALUES ('MD', 'Moldova');
INSERT INTO [country] ([id], [name]) VALUES ('MC', 'Monaco');
INSERT INTO [country] ([id], [name]) VALUES ('MN', 'Mongoliet');
INSERT INTO [country] ([id], [name]) VALUES ('ME', 'Montenegro');
INSERT INTO [country] ([id], [name]) VALUES ('MS', 'Montserrat');
INSERT INTO [country] ([id], [name]) VALUES ('MZ', 'Mozambique');
INSERT INTO [country] ([id], [name]) VALUES ('MM', 'Myanmar (Burma)');
INSERT INTO [country] ([id], [name]) VALUES ('NA', 'Namibia');
INSERT INTO [country] ([id], [name]) VALUES ('NR', 'Nauru');
INSERT INTO [country] ([id], [name]) VALUES ('BQ', 'Nederlandske antiller');
INSERT INTO [country] ([id], [name]) VALUES ('NP', 'Nepal');
INSERT INTO [country] ([id], [name]) VALUES ('NZ', 'New Zealand');
INSERT INTO [country] ([id], [name]) VALUES ('NI', 'Nicaragua');
INSERT INTO [country] ([id], [name]) VALUES ('NE', 'Niger');
INSERT INTO [country] ([id], [name]) VALUES ('NG', 'Nigeria');
INSERT INTO [country] ([id], [name]) VALUES ('NU', 'Niue');
INSERT INTO [country] ([id], [name]) VALUES ('KP', 'Nordkorea');
INSERT INTO [country] ([id], [name]) VALUES ('MP', 'Nordmarianerne');
INSERT INTO [country] ([id], [name]) VALUES ('NF', 'Norfolkøen');
INSERT INTO [country] ([id], [name]) VALUES ('NO', 'Norge');
INSERT INTO [country] ([id], [name]) VALUES ('NC', 'Ny Caledonien');
INSERT INTO [country] ([id], [name]) VALUES ('OM', 'Oman');
INSERT INTO [country] ([id], [name]) VALUES ('PK', 'Pakistan');
INSERT INTO [country] ([id], [name]) VALUES ('PW', 'Palau');
INSERT INTO [country] ([id], [name]) VALUES ('PA', 'Panama');
INSERT INTO [country] ([id], [name]) VALUES ('PG', 'Papua Ny Guinea');
INSERT INTO [country] ([id], [name]) VALUES ('PY', 'Paraguay');
INSERT INTO [country] ([id], [name]) VALUES ('PE', 'Peru');
INSERT INTO [country] ([id], [name]) VALUES ('PN', 'Pitcairn');
INSERT INTO [country] ([id], [name]) VALUES ('PL', 'Polen');
INSERT INTO [country] ([id], [name]) VALUES ('PT', 'Portugal');
INSERT INTO [country] ([id], [name]) VALUES ('PR', 'Puerto Rico');
INSERT INTO [country] ([id], [name]) VALUES ('QA', 'Qatar');
INSERT INTO [country] ([id], [name]) VALUES ('RO', 'Rumænien');
INSERT INTO [country] ([id], [name]) VALUES ('RU', 'Rusland');
INSERT INTO [country] ([id], [name]) VALUES ('RW', 'Rwanda');
INSERT INTO [country] ([id], [name]) VALUES ('RE', 'Réunion');
INSERT INTO [country] ([id], [name]) VALUES ('BL', 'Saint Barthélemy');
INSERT INTO [country] ([id], [name]) VALUES ('KN', 'Saint Kitts og Nevis');
INSERT INTO [country] ([id], [name]) VALUES ('LC', 'Saint Lucia');
INSERT INTO [country] ([id], [name]) VALUES ('MF', 'Saint Martin');
INSERT INTO [country] ([id], [name]) VALUES ('PM', 'Saint Pierre og Miquelon');
INSERT INTO [country] ([id], [name]) VALUES ('VC', 'Saint Vincent og Grenadinerne');
INSERT INTO [country] ([id], [name]) VALUES ('SB', 'Salomonøerne');
INSERT INTO [country] ([id], [name]) VALUES ('WS', 'Samoa');
INSERT INTO [country] ([id], [name]) VALUES ('SM', 'San Marino');
INSERT INTO [country] ([id], [name]) VALUES ('ST', 'Sao Tome og Principe');
INSERT INTO [country] ([id], [name]) VALUES ('SA', 'Saudi-Arabien');
INSERT INTO [country] ([id], [name]) VALUES ('CH', 'Schweiz');
INSERT INTO [country] ([id], [name]) VALUES ('SN', 'Senegal');
INSERT INTO [country] ([id], [name]) VALUES ('RS', 'Serbien');
INSERT INTO [country] ([id], [name]) VALUES ('SC', 'Seychellerne');
INSERT INTO [country] ([id], [name]) VALUES ('SL', 'Sierra Leone');
INSERT INTO [country] ([id], [name]) VALUES ('SG', 'Singapore');
INSERT INTO [country] ([id], [name]) VALUES ('SX', 'Sint Maarten');
INSERT INTO [country] ([id], [name]) VALUES ('SK', 'Slovakiet');
INSERT INTO [country] ([id], [name]) VALUES ('SI', 'Slovenien');
INSERT INTO [country] ([id], [name]) VALUES ('SO', 'Somalia');
INSERT INTO [country] ([id], [name]) VALUES ('GS', 'South Georgia og De Sydlige Sandwichøer');
INSERT INTO [country] ([id], [name]) VALUES ('ES', 'Spanien');
INSERT INTO [country] ([id], [name]) VALUES ('LK', 'Sri Lanka');
INSERT INTO [country] ([id], [name]) VALUES ('SH', 'St. Helena');
INSERT INTO [country] ([id], [name]) VALUES ('GB', 'Storbritannien');
INSERT INTO [country] ([id], [name]) VALUES ('SD', 'Sudan');
INSERT INTO [country] ([id], [name]) VALUES ('SR', 'Surinam');
INSERT INTO [country] ([id], [name]) VALUES ('SJ', 'Svalbard og Jan Mayen');
INSERT INTO [country] ([id], [name]) VALUES ('SE', 'Sverige');
INSERT INTO [country] ([id], [name]) VALUES ('SZ', 'Swaziland');
INSERT INTO [country] ([id], [name]) VALUES ('ZA', 'Sydafrika');
INSERT INTO [country] ([id], [name]) VALUES ('KR', 'Sydkorea');
INSERT INTO [country] ([id], [name]) VALUES ('SS', 'Sydsudan');
INSERT INTO [country] ([id], [name]) VALUES ('SY', 'Syrien');
INSERT INTO [country] ([id], [name]) VALUES ('TJ', 'Tadsjikistan');
INSERT INTO [country] ([id], [name]) VALUES ('TW', 'Taiwan');
INSERT INTO [country] ([id], [name]) VALUES ('TZ', 'Tanzania');
INSERT INTO [country] ([id], [name]) VALUES ('TD', 'Tchad');
INSERT INTO [country] ([id], [name]) VALUES ('TH', 'Thailand');
INSERT INTO [country] ([id], [name]) VALUES ('TL', 'Timor-Leste');
INSERT INTO [country] ([id], [name]) VALUES ('CZ', 'Tjekkiet');
INSERT INTO [country] ([id], [name]) VALUES ('TG', 'Togo');
INSERT INTO [country] ([id], [name]) VALUES ('TK', 'Tokelau');
INSERT INTO [country] ([id], [name]) VALUES ('TO', 'Tonga');
INSERT INTO [country] ([id], [name]) VALUES ('TT', 'Trinidad og Tobago');
INSERT INTO [country] ([id], [name]) VALUES ('TA', 'Tristan da Cunha');
INSERT INTO [country] ([id], [name]) VALUES ('TN', 'Tunesien');
INSERT INTO [country] ([id], [name]) VALUES ('TM', 'Turkmenistan');
INSERT INTO [country] ([id], [name]) VALUES ('TC', 'Turks- og Caicosøerne');
INSERT INTO [country] ([id], [name]) VALUES ('TV', 'Tuvalu');
INSERT INTO [country] ([id], [name]) VALUES ('TR', 'Tyrkiet');
INSERT INTO [country] ([id], [name]) VALUES ('DE', 'Tyskland');
INSERT INTO [country] ([id], [name]) VALUES ('US', 'USA');
INSERT INTO [country] ([id], [name]) VALUES ('UG', 'Uganda');
INSERT INTO [country] ([id], [name]) VALUES ('ZZ', 'Ukendt område');
INSERT INTO [country] ([id], [name]) VALUES ('UA', 'Ukraine');
INSERT INTO [country] ([id], [name]) VALUES ('HU', 'Ungarn');
INSERT INTO [country] ([id], [name]) VALUES ('UY', 'Uruguay');
INSERT INTO [country] ([id], [name]) VALUES ('UZ', 'Usbekistan');
INSERT INTO [country] ([id], [name]) VALUES ('VU', 'Vanuatu');
INSERT INTO [country] ([id], [name]) VALUES ('VA', 'Vatikanstaten');
INSERT INTO [country] ([id], [name]) VALUES ('VE', 'Venezuela');
INSERT INTO [country] ([id], [name]) VALUES ('EH', 'Vestsahara');
INSERT INTO [country] ([id], [name]) VALUES ('VN', 'Vietnam');
INSERT INTO [country] ([id], [name]) VALUES ('WF', 'Wallis og Futuna');
INSERT INTO [country] ([id], [name]) VALUES ('YE', 'Yemen');
INSERT INTO [country] ([id], [name]) VALUES ('ZM', 'Zambia');
INSERT INTO [country] ([id], [name]) VALUES ('ZW', 'Zimbabwe');
INSERT INTO [country] ([id], [name]) VALUES ('AX', 'Ålandsøerne');
INSERT INTO [country] ([id], [name]) VALUES ('GQ', 'Ækvatorialguinea');
INSERT INTO [country] ([id], [name]) VALUES ('AT', 'Østrig');

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Il Caffè – periodyk braci Verri, który ukazywał się – z miejscem wydania w Brescii, choć w ogromnej części przygotowywany w Mediolanie – pomiędzy czerwcem 1764 r. a jesienią 1766 r. Na całość edycji złożyły się 74 "arkusze", każdy ośmiostronnicowy, publikowane mniej więcej co 10 dni.

Prezentował on zasadniczo głosy grupy intelektualistów, którzy od 1761 r. gromadzili się wokół Pietra Verriego w ramach Società dei Pugni. Należeli do nich: młodszy z braci, Alessandro, który znajdzie się wśród najbardziej aktywnych redaktorów, Cesare Beccaria, który w tymże 1764 r. w Livorno opublikował anonimowo O przestępstwach i karach, ponadto Carlo Sebastiani Franci, Luigi Stefano Lambertenghi, Alfonso Longo, Pierto Francesco Secchi Commeno, Giuseppe Visconti di Salcieto, a także, trzymający się na uboczu na tyle, by nie stanowić części Società dei Pugni poeta Giuseppe Colpani, który obrał drogę przeciwną do Pariniego, oraz dwie wyróżniające się postaci Mediolanu tamtego czasu – matematyk Paolo Frisi i erudyta tudzież uczony ekonomista Gian Rinaldo Carli.

Idee przewodnie grupy, a zatem i całego periodyku, charakteryzującego się znacznym stopniem jednorodności, mimo indywidualnych, a czasem dość osobistych akcentów widocznych w niektórych wystąpieniach (chodzi np. o znaczący artykuł Carliego Della Patria degli Italiani), głosiły: zwrócenie uwagi na podłoże kultury oświecenia, której kolebkami były Francja i Anglia; przywrócenie najlepszej oświeceniowej tradycji włoskiej, od Muratoriego do Maffeiego, od Cocchiego do Algarottiego, nie bez stosownego rozważenia doświadczeń epoki Goldoniego; poszukiwanie nieoderwanego od rzeczywistości języka literackiego, języka nie książkowego, lecz zdolnego wyrazić sprawy związane z życiem, a tym samym z konkretnymi problemami teraźniejszości, takimi jak zdrowie, złożoność sytuacji ekonomicznej, klasy społeczne, edukacja, teatr; atak z pozycji racjonalnych na zamknięty i jałowy świat zacofanej szlachty – tej samej, z którą część redaktorów Il Caffè, będących w przeważającej części właśnie szlachcicami, a szczególnie bracia Verri i Beccaria, pozostawała w trudnym konflikcie o podłożu osobistym i rodzinnym.

Tak wyglądały idee i tendencje, które właśnie na kartach periodyku i w błyskotliwych esejach, jakie on publikował, znalazły odpowiednie i funkcjonalne narzędzie, aby od zamkniętej przestrzeni "konwersacji" przejść do komunikowania się, na sposób oświeceniowy, z publicznością szerszą niż możliwi naśladowcy i interlokutorzy. I dlatego jest sprawą naturalną, a zarazem symptomatyczną, że grupa tworząca Il Caffè, stając przed koniecznością wyboru modelu pisarstwa dziennikarskiego, odrzuciła zdecydowanie typ dziennika uczonego, który sprawdzał się z różnym powodzeniem od końca XVII do połowy XVIII w. (jego pełną życia wersję reprezentował wenecjański Giornale de'letterati d'Italia), aby zwrócić się w stronę gazety otwartej na refleksje i na żywioł polemiczny, w stronę linii nawiązującej do błyskotliwych doświadczeń angielskich Tatlera Richarda Steele'a oraz Spectatora Josepha Addisona, a we Włoszech mającej aktualne przykłady w postaci znanych inicjatyw dziennikarskich Gasparo Gozziego i Barettiego, działających w Wenecji.

Stosunkowo mało wrażliwy na wielkie tematy współczesne (gdy chodzi o filozofię, historiografię, nauki przyrodnicze), unikający ostrożnie wszelkich kwestii religijnych i prawnych, a przez to niedający się porównywać z innymi periodykami osiemnastowiecznymi o wiele bardziej zaangażowanymi kulturalnie i obywatelsko, Il Caffè można dziś jeszcze interpretować jako produkt niespokojnej i intelektualnie żywej awangardy Mediolanu czasu pierwszych reform oraz jako przykład udanego pisarstwa eseistycznego dążącego pod sztandarem lekkości i jasności – w otwartej polemice przeciwko klasycyzmowi i pedantyzmowi – do komunikowania myśli w sposób możliwie prosty; na cel ten wskazał Alessandro Verri w jednym z jego najbardziej znanych wystąpień (Rinunzia avanti notaio [...] al Vocabolario Della Crusca), mówiąc, że "słowa służą ideom, a nie idee słowom".

Bibliografia

Czasopisma w języku włoskim
Czasopisma we Włoszech
Czasopisma wydawane od 1764
Niewydawane czasopisma
Prasa w Mediolanie

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Johanna Chase
Solo/ Duo Folk Funk
"Folk /Funk from Los Angeles, CA"
Seattle born, Johanna Chase, is a singer-songwriter and multi-instrumentalist. Having toured several times nationally and regionally (Pretty Kind of Off White Tour 2006, TMJ Tour 2008, I Heart People Tour 2011), Johanna Chase is a seasoned veteran to the indie and grass roots music scene on the West Coast. Opening for Noah Gundersen, Aaron Sprinkle, Barcelona, David Bazan, Robert DeLong and Allen Stone to name a few, Johanna's earlier folk/rock song writing came from her Northwest roots. Her career beginnings have led her to play in notable venues across the country with other up and coming artists as well as collaborating with Huit Kilos (Ricardo Lemvo), Joey Ryan (Milk Carton Kids), Robert DeLong (Glassnote Records), and Z the Band (Nas). Her latest studio record "#♥" was produced by Roger Greenawalt (Ben Kweller, Rhett Miller, Nelly McKay, Rufus Wainwright, Afro-Jersey) in Williamsburg Brooklyn. She has independently funded five full length records since 2002 as well as, The I Heart People Tour (2011), her travels to SXSW (2012) and her 6th studio record "#♥" (2013) through support of her fans Audience members, Jane Lynch, SIA and Lily Tomlin all applauded Chase's instrumental role in the Laramie Project. Chase continues to play her part in the L.A. music scene; contributing her music to live theater, indie rock and the world of youtube covers.She is currently underscoring the SOLD OUT and Triple Extended Ike Holter play, "Hit The Wall", at the L.A. Gay and Lesbian Center, playing original songs written by Anna Woronker and Charlotte Chaffey.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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GOT7's JJ Project Returns After Five Years With Introspective 'Tomorrow, Today': Watch
JB and Jinyoung of GOT7 return as JJ Project five years after their original venture, and move forward with a brand new sound.
By Tamar Herman
Tamar Herman
From Coldplay's 'Fix You' to Justin Bieber's '2U,' Here Are 8 BTS Covers You Should Hear
WJSN on Spreading Their Wings With 'Neverland' Mini Album
Kiswe Discusses Partnership With Big Hit Entertainment Ahead of BTS' 'Bang Bang Con: The Live'
JJ Project, 'Tomorrow, Today' Courtesy Photo
In 2012, JYP Entertainment, one of Korea's dominant music companies, debuted a new duo. The bright JJ Project garnered attention with their upbeat, genre-blending "Bounce," but was incorporated into GOT7 two years later. Now, with the release of a new album, JJ Project has resurfaced with a brand new sound five years after their first, and only, release.
On Monday (July 31), JB (Lim Jaebeom) and Jinyoung (Park Jinyoung) dropped their first EP as JJ Project, Verse #2, led by the reflective single "Tomorrow, Today." Divesting of their youthful debut sound, and the dance R&B elements favored by GOT7 singles as of late, the contemplative K-pop track offers up a mellow, pop rock alternative, with similarly laid-back styles heard throughout the rest of the EP.
Featuring a gentle, percussive rhythm and harmonious melodies, "Tomorrow, Today" blends JB's smooth tone with Jinyoung's melodious one. While the mature, more intimate sonic styling is a definite change of pace, it's a fitting second-wind for the two men who have spent five years of their career together, during which they've balanced one another's vocals both in JJ Project and as two of GOT7's main vocalists.
Reviewing GOT7's 'Flight Log' Journey: From 'Departure' to 'Turbulence' to 'Arrival'
The song's lyrics also feel more personal than their previous efforts, and highlight the difficulty of making decisions about the future while being tied to the present; apropos for two 20-somethings trying to make their ways in the world. "Today I hesitantly answer the questions again that I don't even know the answer to," sing the pair in the chorus. "Is it this way? Or that way?/ My decisions are getting scary," they add, reflecting the very real fears of people moving forward on new paths.
The accompanying music video depicts an ambient, vibrantly-hued coming-of-age story as the two travel in an old car and bond with one another through contemplation. Drawing on fictional characters who have dealt with the struggle of figuring out their paths for inspiration, Jinyoung is seen reading J.D Salinger's The Catcher In the Rye while JB reads Paulo Coelho's Veronika Decides to Die, though they swap books at the end of the short film.
Composed by Mayu Wakisaka and collapsedone, the latter of whom has worked on labelmate Day6's similarly soft rock sound, the single is one of the few tracks on the album not co-composed by either Jinyoung or JB. All of Verse #2's eight tracks, including solos of each member only available on the physical CDs, feature lyrics written by JJ Project.
BTS, EXO and GOT7 Reign as Tumblr's Most Popular K-Pop Acts of 2017 So Far: Exclusive
J.Y. Park, the pair's producer who co-wrote the lyrics of "Tomorrow, Today" with them, complimented JJ Project on Instagram and wrote that he wished JYP Entertainment had more artists like the duo. "Keeping their identity but still listening to the people around them," wrote Park. "What more can I ask for? Just thankful to have them with us."
Watch the music video for "Tomorrow, Today" here:


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Q: What is the difference between "NVIDIA driver metapackage" and "NVIDIA binary Xorg driver"? I am running Gnome Desktop 3.36.3 on X11 11 (X.org version 1.20.8) on Ubuntu 20.04 LTS on a ThinkPadP72 with an NVIDIA Quadro P4200.
I notice in Software & Updates > Additional Drivers that I am running the NVIDIA Driver Metapackage from nvidia-driver-450. However, I notice in apt-cache that there is also an NVIDIA binary Xorg driver from xserver-xorg-video-nvidia-450.
Is xserver-xorg-video-nvidia-450 an official NVIDIA package, or is it a FOSS package?
If xserver-xorg-video-nvidia-450 is an official NVIDIA package, when should one prefer it to nvidia-driver-450?

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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[Previous entry: "I tour a cannabis growing operation"] [Main Index] [Next entry: ""]
08/21/2006 Archived Entry: "Musings on cosmic ripples"
THINKING ABOUT RIPPLES. Some of my Catholic playmates when I was a kid had this notion drummed into them that each time they "sinned" (e.g. disobeyed their parents), they hurt God's feelings. The poor helpless guy just felt wounded at their savage little betrayals.
This always struck me as a bizarre notion. Coming from the hillbilly-Protestant tradition, I had a contrary impression: God was rubbing his hands together with glee every time I sinned (e.g. disobeyed my ...). He was up there grinning and going, "I'm gonna git ya, ya l'il brat. I'm gonna pound ya flatter'n a pancake, stomp up and down on ya with hobnail boots, and then have demons poke ya'll with porcupine pitchforks while yer boilin' in hot oil. It's gonna be some serious FUN for a Sattidy night!"
(Well, okay, maybe the All-Merciful God Himself didn't talk in that sort of language, but certainly his representatives here on Earth did -- and enjoyed themselves tremendously.)
The Catholic god was still going to do all those same unpleasantly over-the-top things as the hillbilly-fundie god. He was just going to snivel first about how he didn't want to but you "made" him do it and how "this hurts me more than it hurts you."
I'm mind-boggled now that some grown-up people actually believe such trash (rather than merely using it to manipulate helpless children). Yet I know how potently scary childhood threats can stick with even a non-believer. I adapted for years by telling myself that if there really is such a God, then it doesn't matter whether I say the right mumbo-jumbo, go to confession, talk in tongues, or thump my bible hither and thither; the bastard's gonna get me one way or another, so I might as well go to hell in style.
It's embarrassing. But there it is.
This afternoon I'm sitting in some very fall-feeling sunshine reading Thoreau's Letters to a Spiritual Seeker (with thanks to Mystery Woman for the recommendation). Thoreau mentioned something seemingly unrelated, but it got me remembering those childhood viewpoints. He said:
When in the progress of a life, a man swerves, though only by an angle infinitely small ... then the drama of his life turns to tragedy and makes haste to its fifth act. When once we thus fall behind ourselves, there is no accounting for the obstacles which rise up in our path, and no one is as wise as to advise, and no one so powerful as to aid us while we abide on that ground.
Thoreau is talking about an individual's own spiritual path. But I'm feeling light bouncing off his statement in several directions.
One is that when we "sin" -- by being, in some way, less than our best selves -- we don't "hurt God's feelings" or course. Or "make God mad." But we do create disturbances that ripple out from us in malign ways. If we take the easy way out of a moral dilemma, we send a message to all the world that it's okay to behave that way ("Everybody else does it ..."). If we steal, we create entire chains of anger, fear, retribution, and government around us. Even our pettiest failures of integrity create little lumps and bumps in the cookie batter of the universe.
So maybe those threats to Catholic and hillbilly-Christian children -- and those deliciously scary images from Dante of the political and social elite being flayed alive and dipped in boiling oil -- have some truth to them after all. If "god" can in any sense be said to be the flowing psychic and creative energy of the universe, then indeed we do disturb it with our misdeeds.
But then, who can maintain perfection 24 hours a day? Yikes. And those who strive the hardest for impossible perfection are among some of the nastiest, not best, of human beings.
Better a laid-back cannabis smoker naked in a hammock with a Playmate of the Month than a Torquemada.
The second reflection is closer to what Thoreau was probably getting at. He doesn't distinguish between a man who merely stumbles off his path momentarily then gets back on it and a man who departs at some small angle and keeps going in that erroneous direction. But it's a huge distinction.
The pot smoker in the hammock with the Playmate might tomorrow be the pot smoker who is a great musician or visionary. While the person who adds meth and heroin to the pot likely wanders into rocky realms and risks being lost forever.
But that example is too drastic. What about the person whose true path would have led to being a great artist, but who deviated to become a lawyer at his father's insistance? Or the person with a talent for machinery who instead was pushed into a grueling academic course that taught him that all learning was a misery to be avoided? Or the woman who was meant to write novels but who was always told "be practical and become a tech writer instead"?
Deviations from your path can be spiritual, vocational, emotional, intellectual -- but deviations in any area end up similar results: They put more lumps in the cosmic cookie dough. And those lumps aren't walnuts or chocolate chips.
That is, our deviations don't merely affect us. But by making us less happy and less right with our Way, more inclined to be waspish, hostile, angry, fed-up, cynical, envious, sneaky, and morally weary, they create disturbances that go beyond us.
The trick is recognizing deviations as soon as possible and getting back to the real path. Which can be complicated.
Sometimes you turn from a certain path and discover that the new path is truer than the old. Maybe you turn out to be a natural-born lawyer and you realize you'd only have been a half-assed artist. Maybe that academic program you get pushed into makes you realize you're smarter than you thought. Maybe you like being a tech writer more than ... now, not possible. But you get the idea.
And of course often you may spot new openings ahead of you, go through, and discover that your path is much more wondrous and higher than you imagined.
But the thing is that we all, if we're paying attention, know when we're walking our right paths. You can feel the rightness. There's a spiritual ease even when our circumstances or our work is hard. And the more we walk our right path, the less likely we are to create those eddying disturbances that affect others and in turn prompt them to create disturbances. The more we're likely to surround ourselves with health, harmony, and quiet strength, and to enable health and harmony and quiet strength for others.
And the more spiritually satisfied (not self-satisfied but filled with genuine life satisfaction) we become, the more self-governing we become. And the more self-governing we become, and the more we're able to deal with one another in peace, the less excuse there will be for coercive government.


This page is dedicated to providing information about the City's ongoing efforts to implement pedestrian/bicycle safety improvements and vehicular traffic lane reduction to Atwater's section of Fletcher Drive.
Flush with new funding L.A.'s Department of Transportation (LADOT) is still eyeing Fletcher Drive, between San Fernando Road and Riverside Drive, for pedestrian/bicycle safety improvements via it's "Vision Zero" program. As part of it's "Phase 1 Implementation" LADOT seeks to increase safety along Fletcher Drive with such low-cost measures like roadway re-striping, lane tightening or lane reductions, painted intersection tightening and the addition of buffered bike lanes; all collectively known as a road diet.
Back in 2017 LADOT attempted to force a road diet on Fletcher Drive despite widespread community opposition. LADOT's 2017 road diet plans were drafted without any community input and failed to take into account that Fletcher Drive is major vehicular artery for local drivers and far-flung commuters and a vital access route to geographically isolated residential areas. (Click here for more information on LADOT's 2017 plans).
This time around LADOT has promised a "robust" community engagement strategy for 2019 so that all members of the community are aware of a project's safety benefits and tradeoffs. Despite this promise LADOT has not engaged Atwater Village thus far and has provided no public updates beyond a January 2019 interdepartmental memorandum.
My name is Brian Oh and I am the Dept of Transportation's project manager for the city's Vision Zero Priority Corridor on Fletcher Dr. Thank you so much for the great input and comments at our meeting on July 20th. Given all the great feedback, we are postponing the planned August 2nd meeting in Elysian Valley. I will make sure to reach out once a new date and time is set.
Voting board at the Fletcher Drive/Vision Zero July 19th meeting. Most attendees voted "no" on the road diet proposals and/or voted for other ideas.
L.A.'s Department of Transportation (LADOT) presented their newest vision for Atwater's section of Fletcher Drive at their July 19th public meeting. They presented three alternative plans to improve overall safety on Fletcher Drive between San Fernando Road and the 5 Interstate Freeway. Two plans include a "road diet" or vehicular traffic lane reduction, while the 3rd includes removing all on-street parking.
Alternative #1 – includes a full traffic lane reduction from the current four lanes to two. It also includes a dedicated bike lane, adding a left-turn lane, and preserving all on-street parking.
Alternative #2 - includes preserving all four traffic lanes, adding a dedicated left-turn lane and removing all on-street parking.
Alternative #3 - includes a partial traffic lane reduction on the south side of Fletcher Drive. It would reduce traffic lanes from two lanes to one for those driving towards San Fernando Road. It will keep the existing two traffic lanes on the north side for those driving towards the 5 Interstate Freeway. This plan will also add a dedicated left-turn lane and preserve all on-street parking.
LADOT will hold a 3rd public meeting on August 2nd.
Local community residents and business owners are strongly encouraged to attend!
Also, LADOT has taken new action to advance their concept for Fletcher Drive and limit community feedback. This past June 21st LADOT applied for a statutory exemption in an effort to prevent a full Environmental Impact Report (EIR) for their project. An EIR serves to inform government agencies and the public of a project's impact on the local community. It is also essential to adequately study the project and force mitigations and alternatives, which may reduce or avoid any significant adverse effects.
Local community stakeholders need to attend this meeting and voice support for improving safety for everyone on Fletcher Drive while preserving full vehicular access.
Parking - 2 lots on Perlita Ave.


Instead of going to Comic-Con in San Diego I went to Tijuana for the day.
The whole day total was 1110 pesos $74, a lot cheaper than Comic-Con, and I got in a lot of exercise walking. Bus and taxi fees were most of the cost.
I have a lot of mixed emotions about Tijuana, but overall it felt like a much bigger, dirtier version of Ensenada. There were gigantic "suburb" like housing areas, and interspersed everywhere was horrible poverty, squalor, trash, and people who are clearly just surviving.
As the bus drove through the city there were more affluent areas, but the percentage of nice to run down shacks was low.
I went to Zona Norte, the red light district of Tijuana. I was there just to check the place out on this trip, I may go back for an overnight visit. Zona Norte seems like every other part of Mexico I've seen so far, doing everything humanly possible to remove dollars from tourist wallets, oh yeah, and hookers.
I didn't take any pictures of the hookers, but someone else filmed the same streets I was walking, this is exactly what I saw yesterday afternoon.
I expected Tijuana to be different, but to me, it's the same thing I see all over this area, just WAY more city.
Just my opinion of yesterdays very limited bus trip, and being someone who has never left the U.S. before.
To be honest, Tijuana made me deeply sad.
That is the giant flag that is near the border crossing, at least I think it is, some guy told that to me as I was standing there looking at it.
30 minutes later I was shitting my brains out, only for a couple minutes, then felt fine. The food all tasted good, not sure what set me off, I regret nothing.
This is a very popular thing here, painted donkeys you can sit on and get a picture.
This was the third one I saw. I think they are painted, I did't look that close.
I thought these prices were interesting for a little walk in pharmacy.
After all the Zona Norte craziness, I went to a church, a beautiful place, it doesn't make me believe in "gods", but I appreciate what people do in their name.
Lots of construction of these beach front condos, not sure who is going to buy them, some looked like they have been half built for a long time.
I need a better camera..
Dinner back in Ensenada, I haven't had any fast food since I left California.
Very cool. I like seeing your photos.
I should have taken more, but it's all beginning to look the same to me.
I will put more emphasis on interesting pictures on future trips.
Just depressing. Devastated by NAFTA, a worthless drug "war,"and a culture of oligarchic palm-greasing displayed even more blatantly than ours.
Yeah, it is pretty bad. From what I have read about the history of this countries government it has been bad for a LONG time. The current government and president seems to be doing some good things for the country, he has I think two more years in office, hopefully it will keep getting better.


Started this discussion. Last reply by Joe Dales Nov 23, 2010.
Started this discussion. Last reply by Kevin Stewart Oct 18, 2010.
Started this discussion. Last reply by Joe Dales Nov 11, 2010.
Dairy farmers can sometimes get a bad reputation. Because of supply management, I'd agree that some farms can hang on longer than they would if they were open to the free market. The free market can be very good and eliminating the least efficient very quickly. Unfortunately - it can also eliminate some good farmers who just get mixed up in a market they can't control (just ask a hog farmer).
When I think of farming, I think of a few things. Feeding cows, planting and harvesting corn, baling hay. They, and most of the jobs I do around the farm, all relate to production. Most of you will agree that is one of the big reasons we farm -- we like being around animals, we like being on the land, we don't like numbers.
But I was lucky enough to get the chance to realize that even if we don't like the numbers, we all like making more money.
Found this very interesting post on the Canadian Agri-Food blog, managed by the Agri-Food Unit at the Ivey School of Business.
I'm a young farmer. I can say that now - especially since just a couple of weeks ago we moved out to one of our family farms. This is a house my great-grandfather built in the early 1900's, and is the farm where the dry cows and heifers are kept. My mom and dad are a few kilometres away at the farm I grew up in - where the milking cows are.
Hello Andrew I am here in Canada now. Bought a place in Mattice, Black fly country hope to do chickens and rabbits. Bit cold go tractor and dog its a start.
Hi Andrew! How did you get your twitter feed on here?
Just walked by the conference centre and happened to see you and the title slide of your presentation. It looked like an interesting topic. Who was the audience and will you be presenting it again and/or sharing your slides on Slideshare?
Andrew is a "farmer" in the blood because he replies to work emails on the weekend. True work ethic.


text:
Q: Google Analytics PageView with multiple Fragments I have an Android app that has a fragment with a list of items, and another fragment with the detail of this item.
My app presents 1 fragment each time on smartphone screens, and 2 fragments at same time on tablet screens. Like this:

So, I am using Google Analytics to track pageviews in my List Fragment and Detail Fragment. It works perfectly on smartphones, because track 1 pageview each time.
But how can I track PageViews of both List and Detail fragments on tablets?


text:
module Spaceship
  module Tunes
    class AppVersionRef < TunesBase
      attr_accessor :sso_token_for_image
      attr_accessor :sso_token_for_video

      attr_mapping(
        'ssoTokenForImage' => :sso_token_for_image,
        'ssoTokenForVideo' => :sso_token_for_video
      )

      class << self
        def factory(attrs)
          self.new(attrs)
        end
      end
    end
  end
end


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Caerlaverock Castle, The Triangular Scottish Fortress
April 19, 2021 Viktoriia Makeenko
By theasis
On the south coast of Scotland, 11 kilometers (6.8 miles) from Dumfries, there is a rather popular tourist attraction, built in the 13th century, called Caerlaverock Castle.
The property is now under the supervision of the Historic Environment Scotland and is protected as a scheduled monument. The castle can be found on the northern edge of the 21 square miles that make up the Caerlaverock National Nature Reserve.
By Wallace Shackleton, Flickr @wwshack
The earliest mention of this land dates back to the middle of the 12th century, when the land was granted to the monks of Holm Cultram Abbey. In about 1220, the King of Scotland handed over this parcel of land to Sir John Maxwell, who served as Chamberlain of Scotland until 1233. Previously, there had been a Roman fort and a British hill fort from 950 on this site.
Sir John Maxwell began work on what would become one of the earliest stone castles in all of Scotland. This original building was located about 200 meters south of what remains today. The building was square in shape and had an entrance facing north. He named his new home Caerlaverock.
Engraving of Caerlaverock Castle
Unfortunately, the location was not well chosen, as the foundations were too close to Solway Firth and the castle was frequently flooded. In addition, the building was relatively small. Consequently, in the early 1260s, John's brother and heir, Sir Aymer Maxwell, began construction on a second, grander castle to the north, away from the risk of floods.
This second castle was given an unusual triangular shape, and its grounds included stables, a brewhouse, workshops, and bakeries. A moat was dug around it to add an extra layer of defense. Construction was completed in the 1270s, and the property was occupied by Aymer's son, Herbert Maxwell.
Caerlaverock Castle has been besieged many times over the years. The first time was in 1300, when the king of England, Edward I, laid siege to the castle. This action was taken in revenge for the garrison at Caerlaverock attacking English-held Lohmaben Castle the year before.
Even though only 60 men defended Caerlaverock Castle against 87 knights and 3,000 soldiers, the Scots managed to repel the English forces several times before being forced to surrender.
Due to the fact that an English herald recorded the event, this siege is notable as being one military operation about which historians have surprisingly accurate information.
Once Caerlaverock had been taken, the English stayed there until 1312. At that point, the property was returned to Herbert's grandson, Eustace, who supported John Balliol as the King of Scotland, a candidate approved by King Edward of England.
Eustace switched sides twice after that, first to support Robert the Bruce, then Edward Balliol, meaning that Caerlaverock was besieged several more times.
When the wars were finally over, the castle was in the possession of Sir Robert Maxwell. He carried out a major reconstruction in 1370, with work continuing into the 15th century. He repaired all the damage that the castle had sustained during the war, and most of the remains visible today date from that time.
The 16th century was full of conflicts between the English and the Scots, and Caerlaverock Castle was often targetted. The English captured the castle twice in 1544 and 1570. At that time, the castle was partially destroyed, its main gate being badly damaged. In the late 16th century, the 8th Lord Maxwell renovated the castle and built a new gate.
Caerlaverock Castle underwent a major renovation in 1634 by Robert, the 10th Lord Maxwell and First Earl of Nithsdale. He wanted the castle to reflect a more Renaissance style, so he built a magnificent mansion within the walls.
This addition on the eastern side became known as the Nithsdale Lodging, and he added many architectural details, such as coats of arms over doors, decorative stonework, and neoclassical columns.
By JohnFScott
Being Catholic, the Maxwells faced much opposition from the Protestants. Having been besieged in 1570 when the Maxwells supported Mary, Queen of Scots, in 1640, the Protestant Covenant army laid siege to the castle for 13 weeks. Once the siege was over, the enemy forces destroyed the southern wall and tower.
The castle was not repaired after this attack, nor was it subsequently occupied. It had many owners before it was taken over by the state in 1946. It came to be a landmark in the Nith Estuary National Scenic Area.
Nowadays, anyone can visit the castle. Caerlaverock is considered by some as one of the most picturesque castles in Scotland, partly due to its mixture of Renaissance and medieval architecture. It's also possible to see the foundations of the earlier castle. A shop, café, and an exhibition about the history of the castle were built for visitors.
Historic Scotland organizes reenactments of the famous Siege of Caerlaverock from 1300. For nature lovers, the surrounding nature reserve is an internationally important overwintering site for waterfowl and wading birds. In 2011, Caerlaverock was the setting for the romantic comedy The Decoy Bride, starring David Tennant, Kelly McDonald, and Alice Eve.
The photos of this gorgeous castle were taken by Wallace Shackleton. A big thank you to him for giving us permission to share them in this article. Check out Wallace's Flickr account.
Another Article From Us: Abandoned Mansion of Alfred Nobel Creator of the Nobel Prize
By Simon Ledingham, CC BY-SA 2.0
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News » Spirits news
Havana Club launches Essence of Cuba
By Holly Motion
First unveiled to Drinks International in Cuba earlier this year, Havana Club has unveiled a new set of bitters, Essence of Cuba.
The Essence of Cuba range has been designed especially for Havana Club by The Bitter Truth and includes four flavourings - Island Fruit, Aromatic Leaf, Coffee and Honey – all of which are designed to highlight the natural flavours and aromas of Havana Club Añejo 7 Años.
Nick Blacknell, global marketing director for Havana Club International said: "Since its launch, Havana Club Añejo 7 Años has really put Cuban rum on the map. Today, it is seen by bartenders and spirits aficionados as the benchmark for authentic, high quality aged rum and – excluding the US - it is the runaway leader of the international super premium rum segment, selling more than three times the volumes of its closest competitors.
"So with The Essence of Cuba range, we want to go one step further and give bartenders a whole new opportunity to experiment with the flavours of Havana Club Añejo 7 Años, without losing the intrinsic Cuban character of this now legendary expression," Blacknell said.
Co-founder of the Bitter Truth, Alexander Hauck added: "As cocktail culture continues to thrive around the world, we are convinced that The Essence of Cuba will provide a great new opportunity for bartenders and Havana Club Añejo 7 Años fans around the world to enjoy experimenting with The Essence of Cuba and make their experience of Havana Club Añejo 7 Años even more special."
The range will be available in 24 markets, including Cuba, Germany, France, UK, Greece and Spain from October 2014 in 20 ml and 200ml formats.
Havana Club launches bartender-focused rums
Havana Club injects Cuban culture into redesigned label
Bacardi and Pernod Ricard feud over Havana Club heats up
Havana Club Cocktail Grand Prix gets new format


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Hello visitor, with this occasion We'll demonstrate in relation to minion printable coloring pages, .
Despicable Me Minion Coloring Pages Coloring Home section of minion printable coloring pages , image from: azcoloring.com.


text:
Landskouter is een dorp in de Belgische provincie Oost-Vlaanderen en een deelgemeente van Oosterzele, het was een zelfstandige gemeente tot de gemeentelijke herindeling van 1977.

Ligging
Landskouter is gelegen op 50° 58′ 00″ Noord en 3° 47′ 30″ Oost, op 11 km in vogelvlucht van het centrum van Gent in zuid / zuidwestelijke richting. Het ligt in het noorden van de gemeente Oosterzele, te midden van de provincie Oost-Vlaanderen. De aanpalende gemeenten zijn Gontrode (Melle), Lemberge (Merelbeke), Moortsele (Oosterzele), Oosterzele zelf en Gijzenzele (Oosterzele).

Demografische ontwikkeling

Bronnen:NIS, Opm:1831 tot en met 1970=volkstellingen; 1976 = inwoneraantal op 31 december

Bezienswaardigheden
 De Sint-Agathakerk, grotendeels uit de 12e eeuw
 Stokerij Van De Velde aan de Geraardsbergsesteenweg.

Natuur en landschap
Landskouter heeft een zandige en zandlemige bodem.

De 196 ha of 1,96 km² van Landskouter strekken zich uit van de oevers van de Molenbeek of Gondelbeek (12 m boven zeespiegel) tot aan de flanken van de Betsberg (60 m). Er lopen twee belangrijke verkeerslijnen in noord-zuidrichting: de spoorlijn Gent-Zottegem in het westen van Landskouter en de Geraardsbergsesteenweg in het oosten. Van het meest westelijke punt in de Uilhoek tot het meest oostelijke achter de jeneverstokerij meten we 1.950 meter; van het meest zuidelijke punt aan de Boonakker tot het meest noordelijke in het Aalmoeseneibos is de afstand 1.900 meter.

Het Aelmoeseneiebos heeft een oppervlakte van 29 ha.

Politiek

(Voormalige) Burgemeesters
In het één-programma Iedereen kiest bracht Steven Van Herreweghe de politieke geschiedenis van Landskouter in kaart. Zo leerde Vlaanderen dat de voormalige gemeente maar liefst vijf generaties lang door dezelfde familie werd bestuurd, namelijk de familie Van de Velde. Tot groot ongenoegen van Jean Van de Velde, fusioneerde Landskouter in 1977 met Oosterzele. Hij was de laatste burgemeester van het dorp.

Bekende inwoners
 Gustaaf kardinaal Joos
 Pater Frans Van De Velde, missionaris bij de Eskimo's

Nabijgelegen kernen
Gijzenzele, Lemberge, Moortsele, Oosterzele

Externe links
Landskouter
Inventaris Onroerend Erfgoed

Plaats in Oost-Vlaanderen
Oosterzele


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Broad, evocative. Electronics and sequencer in a commemorative and technological atmosphere.
Hallucinatory, disturbing. Tense electronics and synth phrases over a persistent and disquieting sequencer.
Technological and scientific atmosphere. Iterative piano, sparse guitar and nebulous pad in a Chillout and Ambient style.
Environment, technology and corporate enterprise in a captivating tune with enveloping sounds in a Chillout and Ambient style.
Technological and robotic sounds. Psychological and gloomy tune with a metropolitan atmosphere in an Ambient style.
Electronics and pads with glamorous atmospheres in a Lounge and Chillout style.
Positive, commemorative. Synth and sequencer with a technological atmosphere over a psychedelic rhythm.
Purposeful, positive. Electronics, synth and sequencer over a modern and technological funky rhythm.
Resolute, purposeful. Synth, pad and sequencer over a mechanical rhythm with a technological atmosphere.
Positive, optimistic. Technological atmosphere. Synth, sequencer and electronics over a flowing chillout rhythm.
Dynamic, purposeful. Synth and electronics over a mechanical rhythm with a technological atmosphere.
Dynamic and engaging. Synth and electric bass over a strong beat.
Dynamic and engaging. Sequencer and electronic vox over a strong beat.
Dynamic and engaging. Sequencer and electric piano over a strong beat.


* 1. NON-PROFIT MANAGEMENT: Please rate the following based on the interests or needs of your housing organization.
Board-Related Issues (Recruitment, Governance, Effective Leadership) I have sufficient resources in this area.
Board-Related Issues (Recruitment, Governance, Effective Leadership) This is an area of top training priority for my organization.
Staff Related Issues: Recruitment and Retention I have sufficient resources in this area.
Staff Related Issues: Recruitment and Retention This is an area of top training priority for my organization.
Staff Related Issues: Policies and Procedures I have sufficient resources in this area.
Staff Related Issues: Policies and Procedures This is an area of top training priority for my organization.
Accounting / Finance I have sufficient resources in this area.
Accounting / Finance This is an area of top training priority for my organization.
Marketing: Branding and Outreach I have sufficient resources in this area.
Marketing: Branding and Outreach This is an area of top training priority for my organization.
Marketing: Social Media I have sufficient resources in this area.
Marketing: Social Media This is an area of top training priority for my organization.
Marketing: Working with the Media I have sufficient resources in this area.
Marketing: Working with the Media This is an area of top training priority for my organization.
Legal Issues I have sufficient resources in this area.
Legal Issues This is an area of top training priority for my organization.
Fundraising: Grant-writing I have sufficient resources in this area.
Fundraising: Grant-writing This is an area of top training priority for my organization.
Fundraising: Event Planning I have sufficient resources in this area.
Fundraising: Event Planning This is an area of top training priority for my organization.
Fundraising: Donor Development I have sufficient resources in this area.
Fundraising: Donor Development This is an area of top training priority for my organization.
* 2. Are there other NONPROFIT MANAGEMENT topics that you are interested in or would like training on?
* 3. PROGRAMMATIC: Please rate this following based on the interests or needs of your housing organization.
Substance Abuse / Addiction I have sufficient resources in this area.
Substance Abuse / Addiction This is an area of top training priority for my organization.
Mental Illness I have sufficient resources in this area.
Mental Illness This is an area of top training priority for my organization.
Dealing with Trauma I have sufficient resources in this area.
Dealing with Trauma This is an area of top training priority for my organization.
Abortion Recovery I have sufficient resources in this area.
Abortion Recovery This is an area of top training priority for my organization.
Adoption I have sufficient resources in this area.
Adoption This is an area of top training priority for my organization.
Pregnancy / Childbirth I have sufficient resources in this area.
Pregnancy / Childbirth This is an area of top training priority for my organization.
Parenting Support I have sufficient resources in this area.
Parenting Support This is an area of top training priority for my organization.
Money Management I have sufficient resources in this area.
Money Management This is an area of top training priority for my organization.
Sexual Integrity I have sufficient resources in this area.
Sexual Integrity This is an area of top training priority for my organization.
Healthy Relationships I have sufficient resources in this area.
Healthy Relationships This is an area of top training priority for my organization.
Accessing Education I have sufficient resources in this area.
Accessing Education This is an area of top training priority for my organization.
Employment Training I have sufficient resources in this area.
Employment Training This is an area of top training priority for my organization.
Faith Development I have sufficient resources in this area.
Faith Development This is an area of top training priority for my organization.
Evaluation / Measuring Impact I have sufficient resources in this area.
Evaluation / Measuring Impact This is an area of top training priority for my organization.
Group Living Dynamics I have sufficient resources in this area.
Group Living Dynamics This is an area of top training priority for my organization.
* 4. Are there other PROGRAMMATIC issues that you are interested in or would like training on?
* 5. In your assessment, how stable do you think your maternity home is at the moment?
A guidebook on "How to Open a Maternity Home"
Curriculum for the moms to use on topics of parenting, budgeting, goal-setting, etc.
Overview of staffing models used by maternity homes.
Checklist of policies that are good practice for maternity homes.
Template of a staff / personnel handbook.
Survey of compensation for maternity home employees.
A "Health Assessment" or 360 Review tool for housing organizations.
* 8. What is the stage of your organization?
Open less than 2 years.
Open for more than 10 years.
No longer open but anticipating restarting operations.
* 9. (Optional) What is the name of your housing organization?
* 10. (Optional) Are you a member of the National Maternity Housing Coalition?
Yes, I have submitted the paperwork and paid the affiliation fee.
No, but I would like more information on becoming a member.
No, and I do not anticipate becoming a member.


1. i wish i will not write my name again and again..
This shoutbox is old and is a temporary measurement. Don't worry.
THE BOSS, question... about what I posted a while ago in this thread, is it really meant for the shoutbox to act that way, or is it not?
Does the shoutbox refresh itself if you shout a message?
Yes, it's quite logical shoutbox refreshes itself when you submit a message.
Now you don't have to reload page when you're not shouting: use refresh button instead.
This shoutbox is very old, written in 2005. But the previous one we had has some compatibility issues with our new server software, so it cannot be used.
However, the next one will be better.


The Magaya led PHD Ministries on the 31st of December 2017 launched a Messaging Mobile Application called Lets Chat which is free on Google Play Store, its main feature is to connect with Prophet W Magaya. The Messaging app also has features similar to your WhatsApp, Facebook, Snapchat and telegram, to sign up all you need is your phone number, email address, and username. The other feature that separates the app from others is that it lets you buy books from Yadah Store by PHD book collection. The Prophetic Healing and Deliverance app also makes it possible to book a one on one meeting with the man of God (Prophet W. Magaya).
The main reason for the app was to shun fake news, Magaya said the fake news has become a serious national problem with many victims, hence he created a technological solution to address the problem.
"Due to your massive response and uptake, we are reconstructing it to add more powerful features and expand existing ones so as to surpass all other social mobile Apps in order to meet all your modern mobile social needs. This upgrade will take a few days and will be fully built with new advanced features." PHD said on their Facebook page.
Minister Supa Mandiwanzira applauded Prophet Walter Magaya for responding to the call by his ministry for innovative inventions. "We are excited that there is a huge response to our calls for innovation in the country and that the response is not only coming from universities or individuals but is also coming from huge institutions like PHD (Ministries). I have thanked Prophet Magaya for responding to Government calls in doing what is right in creating local capacity and to create local employment," said Minister Mandiwanzira.
Prophet Magaya said when LetsChat was officially launched during their all-night crossover on 31 December. According to Magaya, the app has registered over 122 000 downloads (google play store records 1000 downloads), leading to their system crashing down the server hence the need to host at Telone.
What happened to Ecocash Ta!


text:
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var config = require("./../config.json");
var ts = require("./../jobs/ts.js");
var run = require("./../jobs/run.js");

var src = config.src;

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gulp.task("ts-server", ts([src + "server/**/*.ts"], src, {"out": "server/server.js", "noImplicitAny": true, "target": "ES5"}));
gulp.task("ts-shared", ts([src + "shared/**/*.ts"], src, {"out": "lib/shared.js", "noImplicitAny": true, "target": "ES5"}));
gulp.task("ts-client", ts([src + "client/**/*.ts"], src, {"out": "client/client.js", "noImplicitAny": true, "target": "ES5"}));
gulp.task("ts-main", run(["ts-server", "ts-shared", "ts-client"]));

/* Packages sources */
gulp.task("ts-packages", ts([src + "package/**/*.ts"], src, {"out": "package/packages.js", "noImplicitAny": true, "target": "ES5"}));

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gulp.task("ts", run(["ts-main", "ts-packages"]));