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Intervene before leaving: clustered lot quality assurance sampling to monitor vaccination coverage at health district level before the end of a yellow fever and measles vaccination campaign in Sierra Leone in 2009
Lorenzo Pezzoli1,
Ishata Conteh2,
Wogba Kamara3,
Marta Gacic-Dobo4,
Olivier Ronveaux5,
William A Perea6 &
Rosamund F Lewis6
In November 2009, Sierra Leone conducted a preventive yellow fever (YF) vaccination campaign targeting individuals aged nine months and older in six health districts. The campaign was integrated with a measles follow-up campaign throughout the country targeting children aged 9–59 months. For both campaigns, the operational objective was to reach 95% of the target population. During the campaign, we used clustered lot quality assurance sampling (C-LQAS) to identify areas of low coverage to recommend timely mop-up actions.
We divided the country in 20 non-overlapping lots. Twelve lots were targeted by both vaccinations, while eight only by measles. In each lot, five clusters of ten eligible individuals were selected for each vaccine. The upper threshold (UT) was set at 90% and the lower threshold (LT) at 75%. A lot was rejected for low vaccination coverage if more than 7 unvaccinated individuals (not presenting vaccination card) were found. After the campaign, we plotted the C-LQAS results against the post-campaign coverage estimations to assess if early interventions were successful enough to increase coverage in the lots that were at the level of rejection before the end of the campaign.
During the last two days of campaign, based on card-confirmed vaccination status, five lots out of 20 (25.0%) failed for having low measles vaccination coverage and three lots out of 12 (25.0%) for low YF coverage. In one district, estimated post-campaign vaccination coverage for both vaccines was still not significantly above the minimum acceptable level (LT = 75%) even after vaccination mop-up activities.
C-LQAS during the vaccination campaign was informative to identify areas requiring mop-up activities to reach the coverage target prior to leaving the region. The only district where mop-up activities seemed to be unsuccessful might have had logistical difficulties that should be further investigated and resolved.
Lot Quality Assurance Sampling (LQAS) is a technique used by the World Health Organization (WHO) Expanded Programme on Immunization (EPI) to evaluate vaccination programmes [1]. The LQAS test is based on two thresholds: the lower threshold (LT), which is the minimum vaccination coverage level considered to be acceptable, and the upper threshold (UT), which is generally the operational objective of vaccination activities (i.e. the vaccination coverage target) [2]. Based on these thresholds, a decision value (d), i.e. the maximum number of unvaccinated individuals allowed in the sample (N) to classify the lot as with acceptable vaccination coverage, is calculated. If the number of unvaccinated individuals detected is equal or below d, the lot is classified as having an acceptable coverage (i.e. "accepted"), meaning that coverage in the lot is probably equal or above the LT. If the number of unvaccinated is above d, the lot is classified as having an unacceptable coverage (i.e. "rejected"), meaning that coverage in the lot is probably below the UT. Alpha, calculated from the LT, is the probability of "accepting" a lot with low coverage; while beta, calculated from the UT, is the probability of "rejecting" a lot with high coverage. When the real coverage in the lot falls in the "grey area" delimited by UT and LT, alpha and beta increase, making the LQAS classification less precise [3–5]. The LQAS rule can be summarized by the operative characteristic (OC) curve (Figure 1).
Operating characteristic curve for LQAS rule rejecting programmes with more than 7 defectives in a sample of 50 assuming simple random sampling (no clustering). Two vertical lines are placed at the lower and upper thresholds.
LQAS requires smaller sample sizes and offers the advantage that the survey can be stopped if d is exceeded in the lot. It is therefore quicker than the standard vaccination coverage cluster-sampling survey[6]; however, it does not allow estimation of vaccination coverage with 95% confidence interval at the lot level. The "classic" LQAS approach is based on simple random sampling (SRS) rather than cluster-sampling [7]. Using SRS on large lots, such as health districts, introduces logistic challenges and engenders costs as the sample is scattered over a wide geographic area [8]. Clustered Lot Quality Assurance Sampling (C-LQAS) is a modified design of LQAS, which allows for the lots to be divided into smaller clusters, considerably increasing rapidity of implementation in the field [2, 9]. C-LQAS employs the same statistical principles as the standard LQAS, with the difference that N is divided in clusters (k) of n individuals. Statistical precision is then recalculated assuming that the true coverage in each cluster would vary from the mean lot coverage according to a binomial distribution with preset standard deviations (SD) [2]. Several authors have explored the applications of dividing the sample in smaller clusters, while applying sequential sampling techniques, such as LQAS, to different fields, from the assessment of global acute malnutrition [10–12] to applications in clinical audit [13], veterinary medicine [14], or agriculture [15, 16]. WHO has been piloting C-LQAS with Ministries of Health (MoH) in west and central Africa to monitor coverage while vaccination campaigns are in progress in order to identify areas that need mop-up activities before leaving the field [17].
From 24 to 29 November 2009, Sierra Leone conducted a preventive yellow fever (YF) vaccination campaign among individuals aged nine months or older in six of its 14 health districts: Western Area Urban, Western Area Rural, Koinadugu, Kambia, Tonkolili and Port Loko. The campaign was integrated with a measles follow-up campaign throughout the country, among children aged 9–59 months. For both campaigns, the operational objective was to reach 95% of the target population.
We used C-LQAS to identify areas in Sierra Leone with unacceptably low yellow fever and/or measles vaccination coverage during the last two days of the ongoing vaccination campaign in order to improve coverage in the areas of weakness before the end of vaccination activities.
The study population was the target population for each vaccination campaign, as estimated through annual projections of district populations from the 2004 census in Sierra Leone [18]. For YF vaccination, the target population was 2 435 690 for individuals aged nine months and older (excluding pregnant women) living in the six participating districts. For measles vaccination, the target population was 824 366 children aged 9–59 months living in all 14 districts of Sierra Leone.
We defined an individual vaccinated against YF as a person aged nine months or more, presenting the YF vaccination card from the current campaign or documented proof of prior vaccination (such as previous YF campaigns). We defined an individual vaccinated against measles as a child aged 9–59 months, presenting the measles vaccination card from the current campaign.
We also recorded if the individuals or their caregivers verbally reported that they had received the measles or YF vaccines during the campaign, but we did not use this information to take operational decisions in the field.
Definition of lots
Sierra Leone is divided into four provinces: the Western Area (WA) and the Northern, Southern and Eastern Provinces. WA is divided into two districts (Urban and Rural), each of which is divided into wards and then further divided into enumeration areas (EAs) comprised of different localities (i.e. villages or neighbourhoods). The remaining provinces are divided into districts, then into chiefdoms, and finally into EAs [18]. We divided the fourteen districts of Sierra Leone into 20 non-overlapping lots (Figure 2). We considered each of the eight health districts targeted only for measles vaccination as a lot. We divided the six health districts targeted for both measles and YF into 12 smaller lots, based on the population size of the chiefdoms and their geographic location, so to have sub-district lots of approximately the same population size (Table 1).
Clustered lot quality assurance sampling vaccination coverage survey, with twenty lots and five random sampling points per lot, Sierra Leone, 28–29 November 2009.
Table 1 List of lots per district for the LQAS survey, Sierra Leone, 28–29 November 2009
Lot sample size
We calculated possible C-LQAS plans for use in the field by setting the UT at 90 or 95% and the LT at 75 or 80%, respectively. For feasibility reasons we used N = 50, divided into 5 clusters of 10. Using computer simulations previously described [2], we modelled how alpha and beta would change if the coverage between the clusters was set to vary up to 0.1 SD from the mean coverage in the lot (Table 2).
Table 2 Clustered lot quality assurance sampling plan used to evaluate yellow fever and measles vaccination coverage, Sierra Leone, 28–29 November 2009
We decided to use the sampling plan with UT = 90%, basing this decision on previous experiences indicating that coverage during the last two days of campaign would be at 90% and not yet at 95% [Central command data team of the MoH, personal communication]. Similarly, LT was taken as 75% and d was calculated as seven (Table 2).
In each lot we selected five EAs using probability proportional to population size (PPS) [19]. In each EA, we randomly selected one locality by simple random ballot to start the survey. Once in the selected locality, we divided it into quarters of approximately the same size according to existing divisions (streets, rivers, etc.), using a map (sketched on site if unavailable). We selected one quarter by simple random ballot using the table of random numbers. If there were fewer than 20 houses in the quarter, we numbered them and selected one randomly as the starting point of the survey. If the houses were more than 20, we divided the quarter into further smaller quarters, until we were able to randomly select one with less than 20 houses. If the compound or building selected contained more than one household (e.g. a building occupied by several families), we numbered them and selected one household to survey by simple random ballot. Finally, we numbered all the eligible individuals per household and selected one by random ballot to respond to the survey. If the individuals randomly selected were eligible for both vaccines, we administered both questionnaires; if they were eligible only for YF, after administering the YF questionnaire, we proceeded to a second random selection only in the 9–59 months age group to administer the measles questionnaire. If the selected individual was under ten years of age, we asked a parent or an older caregiver to answer the questions on the child's behalf. We did not conduct the interview and moved to next household, if there was nobody in the house above 10 years old.
We always moved to the right of the household to select the subsequent ones, leaving a gap of four households for the YF survey and two for the measles survey in rural areas. In the urban areas, we left a gap of eight houses for YF and four for measles. If we reached the end of the locality without having surveyed ten individuals, we moved to the geographically closest locality in the same lot and repeated the procedure to complete the cluster.
Since the campaign was in progress, we obtained information from district medical officers about the localities already reached by campaign activities. At the same time, we did not disclose the exact location of the five clusters. We surveyed the localities not previously reached by vaccination activities only on the second day of survey (i.e. last day of the campaign), when every locality should have been covered.
Data collection and corrective measures
We used standardized questionnaires for data collection. For the purpose of taking action based on documented evidence before the end of the campaign, we considered any individual not presenting a vaccination card as not vaccinated. As soon as d was reached in the lot, we recommended the survey teams to inform the district medical officers, so that immediate mop-up actions could be taken while vaccination teams were still in the field. We also recommended a one-day extension of the vaccination campaign in the rejected lots. Instead of stopping once d was reached, we completed the sample in every lot, since we wanted to conduct further analysis on the complete sample. We also aimed to avoid the potential source of bias due to the fact that surveyors might have more actively looked for unvaccinated individuals to finish the survey faster.
Inter-cluster variability
In each lot, we calculated the standard error (SE) of vaccination coverage between the five clusters assuming a two-stage clustered design sampled with PPS. We then used the calculated SE as a measure of inter-cluster variability (ICV) to verify if it exceeded the maximum SD of 0.1 from the mean lot coverage assumed in the C-LQAS plan.
Design effect
We calculated the maximum design effect (DEFF), assuming coverage at UT or LT. We estimated what the variance would be, if the sample would have been based on simple random sampling, by deriving the standard error (SE) from the assumed coverage from the sample size (n = 50) according to the following formula, described elsewhere [20]:
SE = √ p 1 − p / n
We then derived the maximum assumed DEFF as the ratio of the maximum assumed variance of the clustered sample (in our case, SD = 0.1) to the variance of a simple random sample of the same number of elements [21] for the vaccination coverage at 75% or 90%:
DEFF = ( variance in clustered design ) 2 / ( variance in SRS design ) 2
End-campaign and post-campaign vaccination coverage
Results from a series of 30x14 cluster-sampling surveys conducted two months after the campaign (from the 9th to the 20th of January 2010) to estimate vaccination coverage were available for nine districts [Campaign Evaluation Team, MoH/WHO/UNICEF, Unpublished Data]. To assess if control measures were successful to increase coverage levels in the lots that were rejected for low coverage before the end of the campaign, we plotted the C-LQAS results against the 95% confidence intervals of the post-campaign coverage estimations, considering verbal history of vaccination. We used the confidence intervals of the coverage estimates as thresholds for statistical significance, assessing if post-campaign coverage was significantly above 75%. In the districts that had been divided in more than one lot, in order to obtain a C-LQAS classification at district level that could be checked against the post-campaign coverage estimate, we combined the lot samples and calculated C-LQAS plans with UT = 90% and LT = 75% (Table 2).
Measles vaccination coverage
During the last two days of campaign, 75.0% (15/20) of lots were accepted as having adequate (≥75%) measles coverage based on card-confirmed vaccination status; by considering also verbal history of vaccination 80.0% (16/20) were accepted (Table 3). Five of the seven districts accepted for measles vaccination coverage before the end of the campaign, presented an estimated post-campaign coverage significantly above 75%. Among the two rejected districts, Bonthe presented post-campaign measles coverage significantly above 75%, while in Port Loko post-campaign coverage was not significantly above 75% [Campaign Evaluation Team, MoH/WHO/UNICEF, Unpublished Data] (Figure 3).
Table 3 Results of the clustered lot quality assurance sampling surveys * to monitor measles vaccination coverage before the end of the campaign, Sierra Leone, November 2009
Results of the end-campaign clustered lot quality assurance sampling decision with the results of the post-campaign vaccination coverage* with 95% confidence interval, obtained at district level by considering verbal history of vaccination, Sierra Leone, November 2009 - January 2010. Legend: A_M: Accepted by the LQAS rule for measles vaccination coverage; R_M: Rejected by the LQAS rule for measles vaccination coverage; A_YF: Accepted by the LQAS rule for yellow fever vaccination coverage; R_YF: Rejected by the LQAS rule for yellow fever vaccination coverage. *Post campaign coverage estimations provided by the Campaign Evaluation Team, MoH/WHO/UNICEF (Personal Communication).
Yellow fever vaccination coverage
During the last two days of campaign, 75.0% (9/12) of lots were accepted as having adequate YF coverage (≥75%) based on card-confirmed vaccination status; by considering also verbal history of vaccination 83.3% (10/12) of lots were accepted (Table 4). All five districts accepted by the end-campaign C-LQAS rule, presented post-campaign YF vaccination coverage significantly above 75%. Port Loko, rejected because of a lower than expected YF end-campaign coverage, did not present post-campaign coverage significantly above 75% [Campaign Evaluation Team, MoH/WHO/UNICEF, Unpublished Data] (Figure 3).
Table 4 Results of the clustered lot quality assurance sampling surveys * to monitor yellow fever vaccination coverage before the end of the campaign, Sierra Leone, 28–29 November 2009
The SE of the distribution of the variable "presenting the measles vaccination card" between the clusters in the lots exceeded 0.1 in four lots (20.0%), all of which failed according to the end-campaign LQAS rule (Table 2). The SE of the distribution of the variable "presenting the YF vaccination card" between the clusters in the lots exceeded 0.1 in two lots (16.6%), of which one passed and one failed according to the end-campaign LQAS rule (Table 3).
If the variation of coverage between clusters is assumed to be 0.1 SD from the mean lot coverage, DEFF would be 2.68 at 75% coverage, and 5.66 at 90%.
Using C-LQAS to assess vaccination coverage near the end of the integrated measles and YF campaign in Sierra Leone, we identified five areas (lots) with unacceptably low measles vaccination coverage and three with low YF coverage, based on documented proof of vaccination (card). This allowed the health authorities to put in place control measures to increase vaccination coverage before the end of the campaign in the rejected areas. Relying on verbal confirmation of vaccination status, fewer lots would have failed, as it is expected in these settings [17, 22]. With one exception, verbally confirmed district vaccination coverage estimated through the post-campaign cluster-sampling surveys was above the minimum acceptable threshold (75%) used for the end-campaign C-LQAS survey, suggesting that control measures to raise coverage may have been effective in the areas of weakness identified. The fact that one district (Port Loko), failing at the end of the campaign for both low measles and YF coverage, presented post-campaign measles and YF coverage figures not significantly above 75%, suggests that it may have structural problems in reaching the target population with vaccination activities.
We used C-LQAS for end-campaign monitoring. While this approach allows time to implement mop-up activities, undertaking an assessment before the end of the time allocated to achieve the target (95%) may lead to underestimation of coverage [17]. For this reason we set the UT of the C-LQAS plan to 90% instead of 95%, the actual coverage target of the campaign. We then decided to use 75% as LT based on previous experiences showing that using a "grey area" of 15% is a possible solution to keep statistical errors reasonably low if N = 50 (5x10) [17]. By setting alpha (≤8%) lower than beta (≤19%), we gave priority to the classification based on the LT (75%), rather than the UT (90%). We wanted to be more confident that we were not accepting lots with low coverage, which is a risk for the population (alpha is also known as "consumer risk"); rather than failing lots with high coverage, which is a risk for the vaccination programme (beta is also known as "provider risk"). Results of the C-LQAS surveys need to be interpreted as an indication that, towards the end of the campaign, at least 92% (1-alpha) of the accepted lots were probably reaching the minimum acceptable coverage level of 75%; while at least 81% (1-beta) of the failed lots were probably not reaching the desirable coverage level of 90%. In other words, when we accept a lot we are 92% confident that real coverage is at least 75% (i.e. when we reject we cannot be confident that coverage is 75%).
Intense efforts from WHO and UNICEF (United Nations Children's Fund) to encourage 90% coverage for first dose measles vaccine by 12 months of age and offering a second opportunity for vaccination have contributed to a substantial reduction of measles cases in the African region [23, 24]. In this respect, the results (i.e. 15 lots out of 20 accepted for measles coverage at least at 75%), albeit before the end of the campaign, are far from optimal. Although achieving 75% vaccination coverage may be enough to stop transmission of YF, it is definitely not enough for measles, for which the threshold believed to confer herd immunity is 95% [25]. If we would have used the other, stricter, decision value proposed in Table 2 (d = 4; UT = 95%; LT = 80%) we would have accepted even fewer lots (i.e. 10 out of 20) as with measles coverage at least at 80%. By allowing individuals to present only the vaccination card of the current campaign as evidence of measles vaccination we may have underestimated the actual measles coverage in the country. Even if there was an underestimation of the true coverage rates, it is important to note that three weeks before the vaccination campaign the largest measles outbreak over the last decade started in the country and lasted until July 2010, confirming that measles vaccination coverage was low in Sierra Leone [26].
The C-LQAS approach works better if there is indication that the lots are homogeneous in terms of coverage [2, 9, 17]. Where possible, we attempted to divide districts into smaller lots to increase the likelihood of homogeneity. The distribution of vaccination coverage between the clusters in the lots exceeded the maximum assumed 0.1 SD always in rejected lots, apart from one occasion, Lot 8 in Port Loko, which had adequate YF coverage. Such a high ICV of vaccination coverage indicates that some of the clusters in those lots had many unvaccinated individuals, while others had few (i.e. the lot is not homogeneous in terms of vaccination coverage). This kind of distribution of coverage may indicate that some of the EAs may have been missed or inappropriately covered by vaccination activities (a good reason to reject the lot for poor quality of vaccination).
We showed that assuming that vaccination coverage would vary according to a SD of 0.1 in the clusters is a similar approach to assuming a DEFF of approximately three (if coverage is at 75%) or approximately six (if coverage is at 90%). We believe that this is more conservative than assuming DEFF = 2 as it is done in a standard manner while designing cluster surveys when there is no previous information to guide this decision [6]. The fact that the assumed DEFF increases proportionally to the assumed coverage is explained by the fact that assuming a variance of 0.1 SD when coverage is high (i.e. 90%) has a greater magnitude than assuming the same variance when coverage is low (i.e. 75%). Therefore, our approach should be more robust as the levels of real coverage get higher.
This study is subject to a number of limitations. First, because of limited resources we conducted the C-LQAS surveys at sub-district level only in the areas of the country targeted by both vaccines. In the part of the country targeted only for measles vaccination, each district was a lot. These districts have a mean total population of approximately 350,000. It may have been difficult to implement targeted control measures in such large districts. To overcome this limitation we advised the surveying teams to discuss the results of the C-LQAS surveys during the daily campaign meetings chaired by the district medical officers, in order to facilitate the implementation of control measures using all the information available also from other sources (e.g. vaccination teams or campaign supervisors). Second, by using PPS to select clusters, we inevitably placed data collection in the most populous communities. These are areas that generally are easier to cover also by vaccinators, so vaccination coverage may have been overestimated. PPS does not yield a spatially even sample as can be seen in Figure 2. Alternative methods based on geographic sampling could be used to allow that sampling locations are more evenly spread across the lots [27–29]. Third, as previously seen with the C-LQAS approach, the high inter-cluster variability (SE > 0.1) seen in some lots, reaching a maximum level of SE = 0.21, may indicate that the plans may have had errors (alpha and beta) above the levels defined in some lots [9, 17], although this finding should be interpreted with caution, since it is not possible to support it statistically given the small sample sizes per lot used to calculate the SE. One way to reduce the inter-cluster variability and consequently increase the precision would be to increase the number of clusters sampled to more than five [22]. Finally, when we aggregated several lots to obtain a district level LQAS classification, we were not able to exactly assess how the unequal probabilities of selection (i.e. different lot population sizes) may have affected alpha and beta. On the other hand, the increased sample sizes at district level combining more than one lot would probably have errors that are lower than the ones assumed at lot level.
Identifying lots with low vaccination coverage before the end of the campaign allowed the health authorities to put in place timely control measures to increase vaccination coverage while vaccination activities were still ongoing. Post-campaign coverage estimations indicated that control measures to raise coverage were likely to have been effective in the areas of weakness identified, although areas of low coverage still remained in the country. Dividing the districts into smaller lots increased the particularity of the assessment, enabling us to locate areas with unvaccinated populations in smaller geographic or administrative units. The decision to use 75% as LT should be revised when assessing measles vaccination coverage. Further studies could compare C-LQAS results with those of cluster-sampling surveys conducted in the same areas at the same time, to validate statistically the use of C-LQAS in alternative.
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The authors acknowledge Dr Fussum Daniel (WHO SL), Dr Amara Jambay (MoH SL) and Dr Fenella Avokey (WHO IST WA), Dr Nuhu Maksha (UNICEF SL) for the support; Mr Sonnia Jabbi, Mr Samuel Turay, Mr Sahr Yambasu (SSL) for their assistance in coordinating the survey on the field. We also would like to thank all the supervisors and interviewers who made this survey a success and the families of Sierra Leone for opening their doors to them.
Consultant for the World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
Lorenzo Pezzoli
Immunization and Vaccine Development, World Health Organization, Freetown, Sierra Leone
Ishata Conteh
Statistics Sierra Leone, Freetown, Sierra Leone
Wogba Kamara
Immunization Vaccines and Biologicals, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
Marta Gacic-Dobo
Immunization and Vaccine Development, World Health Organization, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
Olivier Ronveaux
Epidemic Readiness and Intervention, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
William A Perea & Rosamund F Lewis
William A Perea
Rosamund F Lewis
Correspondence to Lorenzo Pezzoli.
The survey was co-funded by the WHO Yellow Fever Initiative, under a grant from the GAVI Alliance and the WHO Immunization, Vaccines and Biologicals Department. The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
LP, OR and RFL had the idea for the study. LP, IC, and WK have written the study protocol. MGD, OR, WP, and RFL revised the study protocol. LP, IC, and WK conducted the study in the field with assistance from MGD. LP and MGD collated the data. The analyses were done by LP, who also drafted the paper. All authors commented on the draft and approved the final version.
Pezzoli, L., Conteh, I., Kamara, W. et al. Intervene before leaving: clustered lot quality assurance sampling to monitor vaccination coverage at health district level before the end of a yellow fever and measles vaccination campaign in Sierra Leone in 2009. BMC Public Health 12, 415 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-12-415
Clustered lot quality assurance sampling (C-LQAS)
Measles vaccine
Vaccination coverage


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Today, Survivor of the 1963 Sixteenth Street Baptist Church bombing in Birmingham Alabama, Carolyn McKinstry joins us to share how she chose to...
Guest Dr. Henry Cloud is in the studio to talk about his latest book, 'Necessary Endings,' and Rebecca Alonzo shares her childhood story of the...
Meet the Blind Boys of Alabama and learn how these Grammy winners are spreading the gospel through music all over the world. And Scott Ross sits down...
Growing up a child star in Hollywood prevented Lisa Whelchel from having many quality relationships. Unfortunately, the pattern followed her into...
Pat interviews Michael Reagan about his book "The New Reagan Revolution". CBN Sports covers the faith of the players in the upcoming Super Bowl....
The 700 Club: January 30, 2011
This single mom found a way to make an uncertain income meet all her needs. Do you have a financial need? Find out what changed her situation.
Learn how one family erased $160,000 of debt in just two years. His plan can work for you too.
Discover the strategy one couple used to carve out new jobs for themselves.
While businesses across the country have been hurting financially, One air freight company has remained strong and prosperous. Discover what made the...
On couple committed to a strategy that brings them financial increase. Find out their secret—it can work in your life too.
Find out how one couple got better jobs and higher income virtually overnight and how you can apply their strategy to your life too.
Injured at boot camp, a Marine tries to push through the pain. After surgeries and therapy, she was unable to avoid being confined to a wheelchair....
Catastrophic lung complications put one baby's life in jeopardy. See photographic evidence of a miracle. Plus, missionary Heidi Baker joins us live...
Five-time Grammy nominee Dante Bowe breaks the silence on his split from Maverick City and reveals his latest venture launched in the heart of Times...
A shoulder injury limits a grandmother from fully enjoying life. See how faith and prayer brought about an unlikely physical restoration. Plus, learn...
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A teen is paralyzed in a ski accident. His broken back causes bone shards to pierce his spinal cord. See what gets him walking again. Plus, Martin...
The 700 Club - January 24, 2023
An accident on the baseball diamond leads to years of epilepsy and seizures. See how this man experiences total healing. Plus, CBN news rides along...
A pregnancy goes wrong at just 19 weeks. Doctors advise the mother to abort, but see the promise that saved a life on today's 700 Club.
They were best friends while dating, but worst enemies after marrying. A newlywed couple prepares to call it quits with the divorce papers ready to...
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Your Questions, Honest Answers

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


With the retirement of Dr. Dan Deloach, a chapter closes in the storied history of Savannah Plastic Surgery. But perhaps even more inspiring than what has come before is what lies ahead. Carried on by Dr. Carl Pearl, Dr. Scott Vann, Dr. Barbara Davies, Dr. Luke Curtsinger and Dr. Matthew McLeod, this legacy will only get stronger. Built on trust and a culture of listening to patients and working with them, Savannah Plastic Surgery looks to the future with even greater advancements in technology and techniques.
But no matter what technological frontiers they pursue for their patients, the three generations of medical professionals you'll find at Savannah Plastic Surgery know it's all grounded in an abiding respect for patients.
A hands-on respectful approach, powered by the latest scientific advancements in the field of plastic surgery. It's a legacy that has made Savannah Plastic Surgery a trusted fixture in the Hostess City, and it's what will guide them into a brighter more beautiful future for their patients.


text:
SR 315 closure delayed
By D. Anthony Botkin - abotkin@civitasmedia.com
The Ohio Department of Transportation's planned closure of State Route 315 between U.S. 23 and State Route 750 in both directions has been delayed until Aug. 1, starting at 7 a.m.
The work has been delayed "to better coordinate with another construction project in Delaware County," ODOT officials say.
The work is scheduled to be completed by Aug. 5 by 3:30 p.m. and the road will be reopened, ODOT officials say.
However, the work is weather dependent and may be postponed or canceled without prior notice from ODOT, they say.
Due to the high traffic volumes on SR 315, ODOT had released a notice of the closure in advance of starting the work, said Nancy Burton, ODOT District 6 spokeswoman.
Burton said SR 315 will close between U.S. 23 and SR 750 in both directions to replace a large drainage pipe that is several feet long between Hyatts and Bean Oller roads.
If the pipe were to fail there could be a collapse in the road, "We would be talking about a closure longer than a few days," Burton said.
Burton added that ODOT can only post a detour that takes motorists from one state route or roadway ODOT maintains to another.
SR 315 will be open only to residential traffic while all other traffic will officially be detoured from SR 315 to U.S. 23.
Burton said in an email to The Gazette, "It's important for residents who live between those two points so they know how to travel to and from work."
However, motorists can use whatever route they want to get around the closure. "ODOT can't detour to municipality or county routes without permission," Burton said.
ODOT'S detour for northbound SR 315 is SR 750 east to northbound U.S. 23 to SR 315.
ODOT's detour for southbound SR 315 is U.S. 23 south to SR 750 and west to SR 315.
See ODOT's Facebook page for more information — http://www.facebook.com/ODOTColumbusDistrict6.
By D. Anthony Botkin
abotkin@civitasmedia.com
D. Anthony Botkin may be reached at 740-413-0902 or on Twitter @dabotkin.
This entry was tagged delaware, ODOT, S.R. 315. Bookmark the permalink.
Hi! A visitor to our site felt the following article might be of interest to you: SR 315 closure delayed. Here is a link to that story: https://www.delgazette.com/news/26667/sr-315-closure-delayed


text:
Tyronn Lue and the NBA world are baffled by the controversial foul change on LeBron James in Game 1 of the Finals
Tyler Lauletta
Jun. 1, 2018, 8:56 AM
The Cleveland Cavaliers were just seconds away from taking down the Golden State Warriors in Game 1 of the NBA Finals, but came up short thanks to a questionable foul call in the final seconds of the game.
Lachlan Cunningham/Getty Images
The Golden State Warriors won Game 1 of the NBA Finals over the Cleveland Cavaliers on Thursday night, 124-114, in overtime.
The win came with the help of a controversial call in the final seconds of regulation, which saw a charge on the Warriors turn into a blocking foul on the Cavaliers after the referees reviewed the play.
The changed call helped the Warriors force overtime but baffled the NBA world.
The Golden State Warriors took home Game 1 of the NBA Finals on Thursday night, defeating the Cleveland Cavaliers, 124-114, in overtime to take a 1-0 lead in the series.
While the game was hard-fought on both ends, there's little doubt that extra attention will be paid to the officiating in the final seconds of regulation.
The Cavaliers held a 104-102 lead with 36 seconds left in regulation when maybe the biggest turning point of the game occurred. Kevin Durant drove to the basket, drawing contact from LeBron James. While the impact was initially called as an offensive foul, the officials gathered at the review booth and would go on to change the call to a blocking foul on James.
The resulting free throws would tie the game, 104-104, and after another exchange by both offensive powerhouses, the game would head to overtime 107-107.
The Warriors would eventually prevail in overtime, outscoring the Cavaliers to take home a Game 1 victory, 124-114. But the call that sent the game to five extra minutes would not sit well with Cavaliers fans.
Former NBA referee Steve Javie broke down the play after the game on "SportsCenter," making clear just how close the call was.
"This is a real difficult call," Javie said. "They obviously changed it to a blocking foul because [James] was moving."
He added: "This is the kind of play that's 50/50, some guys will say it's a charge, some guys will call it a block. In real time, it's definitely a charge. In slow motion, instant replay, it's a really difficult play."
You can hear Javie's analysis and judge for yourself below.
Across the NBA, fans and analysts were dismayed by the call. ESPN's Stephen A. Smith made his feelings clear on the referees' change of heart, calling the decision "Inexcusable."
"If you call it in the moment, that's one thing, But it's too close to call, for the referees to insert themselves into that equation by going to the videotapes and reviewing it, and overturning a call that's clearly is not that decisive."
Cavaliers head coach Tyronn Lue was equally in disbelief of the call, saying it had never been done before, especially on such a big stage.
Many in the NBA world criticized the reversal.
Unfortunately for the Cavaliers, the questionable call would end up ultimately deciding the game. The Warriors dominated in overtime to finish with a 124-114 win in Game 1.
SEE ALSO: LeBron James takes immaculate care of his body, and the NBA world is in awe of it
More: NBA Cleveland Cavaliers NBA playoffs 2018 LeBron James


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text:
BLACK LIGHTNING REACHES OUT
I'm sometimes asked why I so vigorously demand Black Lightning be treated with integrity and respect. Especially when doing so puts me at odds with DC Comics. I've always taken considerable pride in my having creating DC's most iconic black super-hero. But it's far more than that.
Several years back, at a comics convention, a woman came up to me with tears in her eyes. She hugged me and told me Black Lightning was the first comic book she ever bought for herself because it was the first time she saw herself in a comic book. In that instant, as I also got teary, everything changed for me. I became acutely aware that Black Lightning was far bigger than me, that, as the creator of this hero, I had a responsibility to readers like that woman. It is a responsibility I continue to accept and try to fulfill despite the consequences to my career.
The above has not been a solitary experience. It has been repeated many times since. It occurred most recently when Jennifer Riker - the amazing actor who plays Dr. Jace on the TV series - and I did a panel at the Grand Rapids Comic Con. I was so pleased my friend Jennifer was there to see the impact Black Lightning has on readers and viewers. I daresay that, if the executives at DC Comics, ever had these experiences, they would understand why I fight for this character.
I don't champion Black Lightning for personal gain, though few in comics understand this. I get why they don't believe me. We live in very cynical times and, while I do benefit financially from the success of Black Lightning (though nowhere near as much as people assume), that is not my primary consideration in my fight for the integrity of my creation. It's because I recognized how important he is to all those who see themselves in him.
Reader Will Byron also recognizes the importance of Black Lightning and took action. He is far more humble about what he's been doing than he should be. I asked and received permission to share the e-mail he sent me.
I hope you are on the mend, sir. I wanted to drop you a line about the use of your character and your stories in some progressive charity work I am a small part of. This is in no way any kind of humblebrag whatsoever especially since I don't advertise a lot of my activist work. This is simply to tell you what a continued contribution YOUR stories are making.
A few months ago, I became aware of the urgent need for reading materials for prisons, mental hospitals and correctional facilities. Understandably, many people are loathe to donate if at all to such places because they worry about rapists and racists and child molesters and such obtaining these materials. Well, I'm happy to report the system is a bit more complex than that, and, when you donate to several places, it only goes to inmates with no hate crimes and so forth and generally to those inmates actively trying to improve their reading, further their educations and build something of themselves.
I was surprised to hear many prisons will accept graphic novels. I just assumed any action scenes or such might be triggers. But, no. They are allowed and welcomed.
My friend Sasha said - I'm paraphrasing, but this was the gist - "I just wish there were more comics to send these guys with some values of being altruistic and weren't just violence and continuity."
She said that and it triggered it for me. Values. What creator always stands by the principled values of his hero? I had absent mindedly bought a couple of Shazam! collections, but then it hit me. I had to get Black Lightning stories. I had to get the real Black Lightning stories.
I did. I went on Talesofwonder.com, with whom I'm not affiliated, and bought copies of Brick City Blues and Cold Dead Hands. Then, I began to ship them out. I recently received some very grateful messages from the librarians affiliated with these facilities. I am happy to pass on their contact info to you if you like.
Many inmates, especially of color, are housed over infractions like having marijuana and have so much going against them. I really don't think it's corny or an understatement to suggest that stories with hope, optimism, and heroism and, yes, core values would be a help to these men and women behind bars. It might make all the difference. After all, they aren't diluted with other forms of entertainment for the most part. In isolation, they have all the time to read, absorb, and reflect.
My friend Greg, who I am gonna tease a bit here- said to me, "Oh yeah, Tony Isabella is gonna be real thrilled that you're sending his guy to prisons."
I said, "I think Tony Isabella WILL. These are going directly to inmates who need inspiration and escapism. How does it look bad?!"
This isn't a submission for inclusion, but if you ever want to share these programs with your other fans, all of these places accept graphic novels and comics. So if any one has beat up TPBs they are thinking of unloading, they could consider donating to these fine places. Just no hardcovers or spiral-bound stuff.
Bedford Hills Correctional Facility
247 Harris Road
Bedford Hills, NY 10508
Books Through Bars
4722 Baltimore Avenue
Western State Hospital Library
9601 Steilacoom Blvd SW
Lakewood, WA 98498
St Martin Parish Correctional Center
St Martinville, Louisiana 70582
Attn: Warden
I stress not every correctional facility accepts donated books. Some demand they come directly from a publisher. But these ones I have all had success with and I have sent Black Lightning trades paperbacks (Written by you, so it's the REAL Black Lightning.) to these facilities with success.
I don't mean to speak for you, but I wanted to let you know less that I did this and more that the people these collections are reaching are responding to it well and I am gonna continue to do it. You should see a steady spike in Black Lightning TPBs going up, so I hope DC does the right thing and keeps them in print!
I hope this message finds you well and I'm sorry it's so long.
Wow! That was my reaction on reading this e-mail. You can't imagine how it feels to have a reader react in this way to my work and to know that my work is finding new readers who will, hopefully, learn and be inspired by it.
One of the librarians wrote back to Will. She said his note about values and inspiration is why they work so hard to curate their library system, adding how popular the books are. Her day is made when a young resident finds the courage to reach out and ask her what a word means, thus expanding their vocabulary.
Another librarian told him there's a queue for the Black Lightning collections in their facility, and that's it's the only book she "sees the tenants sit down and pay attention to".
Will added, "I feel your stories have a social consciousness that is important. They are not obvious or preachy. There's still great super-hero escapism there."
Will doesn't donate these books to gain recognition. I don't share his very kind words about my work to toot my own horn. The reason for today's bloggy thing is to reinforce what most of you already know...
Black Lightning, as DC's most iconic black super-hero, has touched the hearts, minds and souls of many readers. He deserves always to be treated with respect and written in a manner consistent with his core values. Period.
I'll be back soon with more stuff.
John R. Platt December 13, 2019 at 4:29 PM
David W Madara December 16, 2019 at 12:15 PM
Best thing I've read today!!
quark12000 December 17, 2019 at 2:14 AM
Glad you're feeling better!
Nosh December 18, 2019 at 8:09 PM
HALLOWEEN COMICFEST 2019 REVIEWS #4
THINGS THAT MADE ME HAPPY IN OCTOBER
STILL WORKING MY WAY BACK TO YOU
I'M WORKING MY WAY BACK TO YOU


Sports medicine expert witnesses may provide reports regarding exercise physiology, traumatology, doping control, and more. This week Ryan Braun admitted he took performance enhancing drugs during his National League most valuable player season of 2011. Braun said a nagging injury led him to take banned substances from Biogenesis. He is serving a 65 game suspension.


What Is Cet Pet Fight Plaque Drinking Water Rinse is free HD wallpaper. This wallpaper was upload at April 24, 2019 upload by admin in .You can download it in your computer by clicking resolution image in Download by size:. Don't forget to rate and comment if you interest with this wallpaper.


Thermometer hydrometer. About 55-75mm. Universal needle tip probe test leads. 3 * lr1130 button cells(included). 2n/20n/200n/2u/20u/200uf. 19 * 9 * 3.5cm / 7.5 * 3.5 * 1.4in. 200/2k/20k/200k/2m/20m/2000m. 0.01ua to 9.999a. ≤85% rh. 0.01mv-1000v. Vdo sensorGsm pi. 2.dc voltage meter: 011965. Usb connect: 3.dc/ac voltage(mv): Tes1500 capacitance meter. 16x microscope eyepiece.
Ham cwOperating temp. / rh%: Zb2l3. -30`500 celsius degree. 1.0-1.2mm. Remote sensor: Clock setting. 12v to 1000v ac. 32 ℃ - 43 ℃ (90-109.4 f). 9v battery (battery not included). Laser controller awc608. Sikla. Current : Bnc probe. Ac voltage: 2v, 20v, 200v, 500v. Power supply: : Wholesale tssop28.
-20 ~ 75 degree. As the picture. -40~1000. Auxiliary objective: Terminal block pcs. Temperature controller us. Ut33d. 2ma--10a. Wholesale circuit electronic. Vicy vc99. Parts lens. -20c~1000c / -4f~1832f. 62 x 26 x 20mm. Testing ic components. Clamp smart. Oven cooking. Electric floor heating temperature controller. 140g  no battery. 103mm * 225mm *59mm.
Ut61e. 200 - 2000 - 20k - 200k - 2000k ohm. P5007. Up to 6 probes. -10-60c. Approx.330g. Measure:Touch technology: Ro system. Pj1000. Buzzer electric. Ac current switches. Max. display: Remote temperature range: Digital lcd thermometer clock: Thermometer ear. Adaptor 24v.


text:
NIH-led Interagency Group Identifies Research Needs to Study Climate Change and Human Health Impacts
April 21, 2010 | by NIH Newsbot
A report released today by a federal working group highlights 11 key categories of diseases and other health consequences that are occurring or will occur due to climate change. The report, A Human Health Perspective on Climate Change, provides a starting point for coordination of federal research to better understand climate's impact on human health. The recommendations of the working group include research to identify who will be most vulnerable, and what efforts will be most beneficial.
"This white paper articulates, in a concrete way, that human beings are vulnerable in many ways to the health effects of climate change," said Linda Birnbaum, Ph.D., director of the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) and the National Toxicology Program, whose institute led the interagency effort. "It lays out both what we know and what we need to know about these effects in a way that will allow the health research community to bring its collective knowledge to bear on solving these problems."
Scientific Panel Evaluates Soy Formula Safety
December 14, 2009 | by NIH Newsbot
Members of the media are invited to attend a press availability period at noon on Friday, December 18, 2009 that will follow a scientific meeting evaluating the safety of soy infant formula. An independent panel of 14 scientists will evaluate the most current research on soy infant formula to determine whether exposure to soy infant formula is a risk to human development. The expert panel will also indentify data gaps and research needs. The panel is convened by the Center for the Evaluation of Risks to Human Reproduction (CERHR) of the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) and the National Toxicology Program (NTP).


wrapped with ham. Italiano : Hot dog with tomato, avocado and mayonnaise. Lamb and goat dishes edit This rich meat is not commonly eaten in much france of Chile but it is very popular in Patagonia among both local cuisine people and tourists. Pollo al Cognac: Chicken stew slowly cooked with plenty of cognac and white wine. Pantrucas : a type of dumpling or pasta made without eggs, cut in irregular pieces and later mixed with vegetable soup or beef stock.
Maize, it also looks current business articles on management like the bread is folded over and over. Chickens and wine while the native peoples contributed potatoes. Pigs 6 On average, crab pie Tomaticán, similar to Charquican but with tomatoes. Beer in Belgium For a comparatively small country. A brief history of Belgian Chocolat" these are the most common varieties. Dishes like Chairo has been prepared for centuries by the Andean cultures. Down from around 260 each year in 1900. Although they are not as common nowadays among the northern Chilean population and are almost unknown in the rest of Chile. A stew of charqui dried beef or regular beef 14 Many firms produce chocolates by hand.
With no layers and usually covered in icing sugar. A Belgian beef stew, very much like the tradition of serving eggnog during Christmas in North America. Résultat, for centuries jenever has been bottled in jugs handcrafted from clay. It usually contains candied fruits, france tuna, but made with beer instead of red wine. Street stand, a heavier and drier cake, affaires. Prietas con Papas Cocidas, raisins, tartar sauce a mayonnaise or aïolibased sauce of French origin. A shellfish soup containing different kinds of cooked fish and seasoned with herbs. This is a traditional france Chilean drink served around Christmas time. En en cuisine alapeinecolumbo en tetesurlatnt94206 cordier 122 saint quentin Chiffre dapos.
This led to a wave of protests from several Belgian politicians, who viewed it as an assault on the countrys culture and gastronomical tradition.« Cauchemar en cuisine à Peyruis : Le restaurant d'Helmut », sur m, « Audiences : "Taxi Brooklyn" leader en baisse, "Cauchemar en cuisine " fait mieux que "Top Chef Arte en forme », sur m, « Record en prime time, Cauchemar en cuisine cartonne à toutes les heures », sur m, «cdjl.
« Un cauchemar en cuisine alsacien », sur, 14 septembre 2016 a et b en - cuisine «AU coin DU FEU (vandoeuvre LES nancy) Chiffre d'affaires, résultat, bilans sur M », sur m (consulté le ).After the establishment of the colony, products and dishes like chuchoca (coarsely ground dry corn Humitas, Locro and seaweeds like Cochayuyo and Luche served with boiled eggs became popular.
The Chilean variety is called Negra de la Cruz (La Cruz Black) after the town of La Cruz in the Valparaíso Region, the main producer; it is also called Prada or Vicencio.Charqui : Dried and salted meat, originally llama.
Retrieved March 19, 2017.Pasta Pasta is very common in everyday Chilean meals, but is not prepared very differently from in other countries, except for some changes in the name and forms of the pasta itself.Seafood (mix of mussels, clams, and other molluscs).
The bread is made of layers and layers of dough and is easily pulled apart.Duck is rarely consumed in the centre and northern regions, but can be popular in southern countryside.


text:
Q: get teradata tpt job name after script execution I am executing tpt jobs in script 24/7 from powershell with this command
cmd /c tbuild.exe -f $tptfile -v $configFile -j $jobname >> $logFile

When I check TPT folder for logs it adds job sequence number at the end of my jobname variable so I cannot work with that job. Is there any way how to disable adding job sequence number, or how to get exact job name after execution?

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Herb Carnegie remembered at memorial service in North Toronto
Nearly 500 people gather at Earl Haig Collegiate to celebrate remarkable life of hockey pioneer.
By Bob MitchellSports Reporter
Fri., March 16, 2012timer6 min. read
It was on an outdoor pond in 1927 in North Toronto that 8-year-old Herb Carnegie learned to skate using his older brother's skates. He and Ossie would spend hours passing and shooting a puck around with each other and the local neighbourhood kids. Sometimes, as the story goes, when a puck wasn't available, they'd use frozen horse manure.
It was through his passion for hockey that Carnegie rose above the racism that followed him throughout his hockey life and which also never gave him the chance to display his superb talents on the game's biggest stage.
Former Montreal Canadiens star centre Jean Beliveau, now fighting his own health battles, once said that as teammates with the Quebec Aces of the Quebec senior league that he learned how to play the game from the smooth-skating Carnegie, who was nicknamed "Swivel Hips" because of his uncanny puck-handling ability.
Carnegie, arguably the most talented player to never skate in the NHL, died March 9 in a Toronto hospital. He was 92.
On Friday night, nearly 500 people gathered in the auditorium at Earl Haig Collegiate in Toronto for a memorial service celebrating his incredible life, his remarkable humour and lasting legacy in the world of sports, education and finances.
"My sisters and I often joked that my father was royalty," Carnegie's daughter Bernice told the gathering. "My father was an amazing man."
As a proud daughter, Bernice showed a photo of her father and Calgary Flames star Jarome Iginla on the cover of GQ magazine as well as two issues of Spider Man comics where her father helped the superhero bring down Electro and his hockey puck/drug smuggling operation.
As a child, Bernice said she had no idea that her father was "making hockey history."
In a poignant moment, Bernice played a video shot four years ago of her father crying during an interview with Hockey Night in Canada's Elliott Friedman, still upset with what happened to him 70 years earlier when his dreams of playing for his beloved Maple Leafs ended because he was black.
Growing up in Toronto, Herb like many youngsters, listened to Foster Hewitt on the radio. He dreamed of one day playing in the NHL, often pretending to be Joe Primeau, the famous centre of his beloved Maple Leafs Kid Line.
"Both Ossie and I set our sights on the NHL," Carnegie wrote in his memoirs, A Fly in a Pail of Milk, published in 1996. "We didn't spend much time talking about it. We just assumed we were the best, and soon the world would know it as well. Day in, day out, our goal was to be better than we were the day before."
But it never happened for a man whose determination and spirit paved the way for hundreds of black players to play professional hockey, including more than 25 now in the NHL.
Ignoring the racial slurs and taunts from fans, Carnegie never let his bitterness drag him down. He was driven to succeed and excel at everything he did in his life. Among the honours bestowed upon him were the Order of Canada (2003), the Order of Ontario (1996), and induction into the Canadian Sports Hall of Fame (2001). He spent much of his post-playing years mentoring young people, starting one of the first hockey schools in Canada.
Born in 1919 to Jamaican parents, the 5-foot-8 Carnegie became an inspiration to many, including Willie O'Ree, the NHL's first black player, who played with the Boston Bruins in 1958. The NHL was the last of the major sports to integrate, eight years after Kenny Washington and Woody Strode became the first blacks to play in the NFL with the Los Angeles Rams.
"Herb was a great friend and a special gift to the hockey world, his community and — most importantly — his family," said O'Ree, now the NHL's director of youth development. "I will forever be grateful for his role in providing the opportunity for me to pursue my dream of playing hockey. His life should be a benchmark for us all."
As a teenager, Carnegie played hockey for Earl Haig before transferring in 1933 to Northern Vocational School, a Toronto school where he believed that he would garner more press from the media. The team played some of its games at Maple Leaf Gardens.
In his autobiography, Carnegie recalled how one day while practising in 1938 with the Young Rangers Junior A team at the Gardens, his coach pointed to the Leafs' owner, Conn Smythe, in the stands. Getting home-grown talent to play for Toronto was a big thing for Smythe but word eventually got back to Carnegie that Smythe would have gladly signed him if only he had been white. The remark devastated the 18-year-old teen and for the first time, his dreams of playing in the NHL
"I can't remember exactly what I thought, but a little voice in the back of my head was kissing my NHL hopes goodbye," Carnegie wrote in his autobiography. He was sickened by what Smythe had allegedly said, and remained so more than 60 years later.
Carnegie never got his chance to play in the big leagues, even when World War II broke out. With NHL players heading overseas to fight, the league used replacement players, including many from the clubs in the mining towns in Northern Ontario where Carnegie then displayed his impressive skills.
Playing for the Perron Flyers in 1939, the Carnegie brothers consistently finished among the league's top scorers, but the NHL scouts ignored them. The Carnegie brothers knew their colour, not their talent, was the only thing keeping them from the NHL. But Carnegie never gave up. He believed with hard work, one day, an NHL team would give him a shot.
"Somebody out there, I continued to hope, would have a heart," he recalled in his autobiography.
In the early 1940s, the Carnegie brothers would be joined by another talented black player from New Brunswick, Manny McIntyre, and the three would play on a line for a Timmins team. Local sports reporters gave the first all-black line in semi-pro hockey names such as the Brown Bombers, the Dusky Speedsters and the Dark Destroyers. In 1944, they moved to the Quebec provincial league and played for the Shawningan Falls Cataracts. Eventually, they signed with the Sherbrooke Saints where Carnegie as team captain, won three MVP awards, including scoring 48 goals and 127 points in 56 games in one season.
After Jackie Robinson broke the Major League Baseball colour barrier in 1947 with the Brooklyn Dodgers, Carnegie, then 28, got invited to the New York Rangers training camp in 1948. He believed he outplayed many of the Ranger players but he was only offered a minor league deal. He was already making more money in the Quebec league so he rejected their contract. He couldn't afford to take a pay cut with a wife and four children to support.
In 1949-50, he played for the Quebec Aces with a young Beliveau, a team that was coached by future Leafs coach Punch Imlach, who would dub his three black players the "Black Aces." He would end his career with the Owen Sound Mercurys in 1954, retiring from hockey at the age of 34.
After retirement, Carnegie initially worked as a clerk in a hospital but soon founded the Future Aces Hockey School where he taught young boys the finer aspects of the game. From the hockey program came the Herbert H. Carnegie Future Aces Foundation, which now provides bursaries for college and university students.
"Working later as a sports director for the North York parks department, Carnegie studied college courses part time, eventually earning his degree in 1962 from the University of Western Ontario. He would go on to have a successful investment career as a financial planner, eventually becoming division manager for Investors Group. While expanding his Future Aces school, Carnegie became an accomplished golfer, winning several amateur golf titles and club championships.
He was also married to his wife Audrey for more than 60 years. Audrey died in 2003. They had four children, nine grandchildren and six great grandchildren. In 2005, the North York Centennial Centre was renamed the Herbert H. Carnegie Centennial Centre. In 2006, he received an Honourary Doctor of Laws degree from York University.


text:
package utils;

import ca.uwo.csd.ai.nlp.common.SparseVector;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.FileReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import ca.uwo.csd.ai.nlp.libsvm.ex.Instance;

/**
 * DataFileReader reads data files written in LibSVM format.
 * @author Syeed Ibn Faiz
 */
public class DataFileReader {

    public static Instance[] readDataFile(String fileName) throws IOException {
        BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new FileReader(fileName));

        ArrayList<Double> labels = new ArrayList<Double>();
        ArrayList<SparseVector> vectors = new ArrayList<SparseVector>();

        String line;
        int lineCount = 0;
        while ((line = reader.readLine()) != null) {
            lineCount++;
            String[] tokens = line.split("\\s+");
            if (tokens.length < 2) {
                System.err.println("Inappropriate file format: " + fileName);
                System.err.println("Error in line " + lineCount);
                System.exit(-1);
            }

            labels.add(Double.parseDouble(tokens[0]));
            SparseVector vector = new SparseVector(tokens.length - 1);

            for (int i = 1; i < tokens.length; i++) {
                String[] fields = tokens[i].split(":");
                if (fields.length < 2) {
                    System.err.println("Inappropriate file format: " + fileName);
                    System.err.println("Error in line " + lineCount);
                    System.exit(-1);
                }
                int index = Integer.parseInt(fields[0]);
                double value = Double.parseDouble(fields[1]);
                vector.add(index, value);
            }

            vectors.add(vector);
        }

        Instance[] instances = new Instance[labels.size()];
        for (int i = 0; i < instances.length; i++) {
            instances[i] = new Instance(labels.get(i), vectors.get(i));
        }

        return instances;
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Posted on December 21, 2020 by Lee Jay
UK highly infectious Covid-19 variant leads to Europe issuing travel bans
Chika Mori and Lee Jay Walker
The coronavirus (Covid-19) crisis in the United Kingdom is reaching a new stage because now this nation is blighted by a more-infectious variant. Thus internal restrictions are being imposed by the government. Likewise, several European nations are issuing flight bans on the United Kingdom.
It is known that the new variant is roughly 70 percent more infectious. Hence, this will put further strains on the health care system. At the moment, the official death toll in the United Kingdom is over 67,000. However, deaths with Covid-19 mentioned on death certificates is approximately 80,000.
Obviously, other European nations are extremely worried about the situation in the United Kingdom. After all, many nations are blighted by the same problem in Europe. Thus the nations of Belgium, France, Germany, Ireland, and the Netherlands have all issued travel bans. Therefore, with more nations likely to follow, the economic and logistic convulsions will follow because France also declared a halt to Channel freight.
In the last 24 hours, the United Kingdom declared another 35,928 daily new infections. This comes at a time of mounting deaths in recent months – just like the first wave that killed so many.
The BBC reports, "It is thought the variant either emerged in a patient in the UK or has been imported from a country with a lower ability to monitor coronavirus mutations."
Concerning vaccines in fighting against the coronavirus, the fear is "vaccine escape. Professor David Robertson, the University of Glasgow, uttered, "The virus will probably be able to generate vaccine escape mutants."
Overall, the ravages of coronavirus in the United Kingdom – and countless other nations – looks set to continue well into 2021.
https://www.bbc.com/news/health-55388846
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text:
set -x
LOGLEVEL=${1:-WARNING}

# python src/main.py load_corpus --goldstd miRNACorpus_train --log $LOGLEVEL --entitytype mirna
# python src/main.py load_corpus --goldstd miRNACorpus_test --log $LOGLEVEL --entitytype mirna
python src/main.py annotate --goldstd miRNACorpus_train --log $LOGLEVEL --entitytype mirna
python src/main.py train --goldstd miRNACorpus_train --log $LOGLEVEL --entitytype mirna --models models/mirna_train_mirna  --crf crfsuite
python src/main.py test --goldstd miRNACorpus_test --log $LOGLEVEL --entitytype mirna --models models/mirna_train_mirna -o pickle results/mirnatrain_on_mirnatest_mirna  --crf crfsuite
python src/evaluate.py evaluate miRNACorpus_test --results results/mirnatrain_on_mirnatest_mirna --models models/mirna_train_mirna --entitytype mirna --log $LOGLEVEL

python src/main.py annotate --goldstd miRNACorpus_train --log $LOGLEVEL --entitytype protein
python src/main.py train --goldstd miRNACorpus_train --log $LOGLEVEL --entitytype protein --models models/mirna_train_protein  --crf crfsuite
python src/main.py test --goldstd miRNACorpus_test --log $LOGLEVEL --entitytype protein --models models/mirna_train_protein -o pickle results/mirnatrain_on_mirnatest_protein  --crf crfsuite
python src/evaluate.py evaluate miRNACorpus_test --results results/mirnatrain_on_mirnatest_protein --models models/mirna_train_protein --entitytype protein

#python src/main.py annotate --goldstd miRNACorpus_train --log $LOGLEVEL --entitytype mirna
#python src/main.py annotate --goldstd miRNACorpus_test --log $LOGLEVEL --entitytype mirna
# python src/crossvalidation.py --goldstd miRNACorpus_train miRNACorpus_test --log $LOGLEVEL --entitytype mirna --models results/mirnacorpus_cv_mirna_crfsuite --cv 5 --crf crfsuite
#python src/crossvalidation.py --goldstd miRNACorpus_train miRNACorpus_test --log $LOGLEVEL --entitytype mirna --models results/mirnacorpus_cv_mirna_sner --cv 5


(UsKings.us) JetBlue Airways Corporation, stylized as jetBlue, is an American low-cost airline headquartered in New York City. A major air carrier and the sixth-largest airline in the United States, JetBlue is headquartered in the Long Island City neighborhood of the New York City borough of Queens, with its main base at John F. Kennedy International Airport.
It also maintains corporate offices in Cottonwood Heights, Utah and Orlando, Florida. JetBlue is not a member of any of the three major airline alliances, but, it has codeshare agreements with 21 airlines, including member airlines of oneworld, SkyTeam, Star Alliance, and unaffiliated airlines.
As of May 2018, JetBlue serves 102 destinations (the latest addition being Steamboat Springs, Colorado) in the U.S., Mexico, the Caribbean, Central America and South America.
JetBlue claims it is the first U.S. airline to offer free internet during an entire flight on every airplane. American Airlines (AAL) offers WiFi on almost all its domestic flights, but customers must purchase a daily or monthly pass. A daily pass costs $16. Delta charges the same amount for a daily WiFi pass. Southwest charges $8 a day per device for internet access.
Gertrude B. Elion - The first female pharmacologist developed the AIDS drug AZT in the U.S.
Danaher Corporation - The largest conglomerate in the U.S.


Pottery began as a hobby for Mary-Lynn Massoud and Rasha Nawam, but soon consumed the Beirut-based artisans. "It reminds us of children playing," says Massoud, who trained at La Manufacture Nationale de Sèvres outside Paris. "There is something authentic and primitive about creating with one's hands." They joined forces in 2008 when Massoud received an order to make 100 ceramic tables. Collaboration suits Massoud, who has also teamed with her industrial designer brother, Carlo, on a collection of objects. With both partners, she says, working is mixed with laughter. Ceramics requires levity, because "unexpected things happen in the oven: a piece with red glaze comes out blue, a very straight object emerges crinkled." The women produce limited-edition bowls and objects that employ molds, but their artistic work is one-of-a-kind. For their U.S. debut, at DesignMiami/ in 2015, they exhibited kiln rejects stacked into totemic sculptures. "It felt like they were alive, like people walking," Massoud recalls. Their latest project is a vast wall relief. Its architectural scale has opened a new realm for exploration. Through Carwan Gallery.
Giulia Birindelli. Photography by Filippo Bamberghi/Photofoyer.
Faccin tests out a plaster bust on his pedestal. Photography by Lea Anouchinsky/Living Inside.
Industrial designer Francesco Faccin doesn't limit his vision to furnishings and lighting. To wit: Re-Fire, a stylish kit he conceived for igniting flames via the primitive hand drilling method. "I was overwhelmed by the powerful sense of independence and self-sufficiency it provided," he con- fesses. You see, for this Milan-born and -based talent, design is as much about anthropology as it is aesthetics. When approached by the venerable Fonderia Artistica Battaglia to conceive ways to employ its lost-wax process of bronze casting in design, Faccin decided to replicate a larch plank and demonstrate how it might be used to create an infinite number of simple furniture pieces. The result, Serial Planks, is a collection of humble-looking, elemental bronze pieces now editioned for Nilafur. "With this project I applied repetition, a typical method of industrial manufacturing, to art," he says. (Talk about value-added goods.) This November, Faccin will have his first one-man retrospective in conjunction with Operæ, a design fair in Turin.
When former event designer Lauren Williams moved with her husband and new baby into a charmless Dallas rental with a very large and ugly dining room wall, she didn't know how she would cope. It needed a great work of art, she determined. Although Williams lacked an art budget, she did have an idea for "a kind of tapestry" to fill the offending blank space. So she headed to Home Depot to make it herself. After patiently attaching hundreds of yarn strands to a wooden dowel, she dyed them in the backyard. Delighted with her creation, she posted her "canvas with movement" on Instagram to show family and friends. To her great surprise, each wanted one too. Now she has a thriving business—built al- most entirely through social media—that also includes pillows and throws. These days, though, the Home Depot dowels have been exchanged for custom-made walnut versions and her yarn is sourced from a Wyoming sheep ranch and spun to her specifications at a nearby mill. Williams' latest offering: high-resolution digital prints of her most popular fiber works, reproduced on archival cotton rag paper: "It looks like you can touch the strands," she says.
Matteo Brioni with a sample of Terrawabi—natural clays with no additional pigments. Photography by Lea Anouchinsky/Living Inside.
Matteo Brioni is, literally, a man of the earth. For nearly a century, his family has made bricks and terracotta products in the Fornace Brioni on the outskirts of Gonzaga, Italy. Armed with his architectural training and deep appreciation for the strength, durability, and practicality of sun-dried raw earth, in 2010 Brioni launched his own line of enticingly tactile and innovative terra cruda products for walls, floors, ceilings, and now fabric: cotton spray-painted with clay for a silky sheen. "Clay is a wonderful material for contemporary building because it returns us to our origins," says Brioni. "In addition to being beautiful and sensual, it is eco-friendly, humidity-controlling, and fire-resistant." He offers 11 "geo-localized" shades of earth, including an ochre from Piedmont and a gray from Sicily. The clay can be kneaded with straw, rice, or jute to achieve a variety of textures or, for a bit of glimmer, mixed with such materials as mica or mother of pearl. Terraevoca, a recent introduction, is a wall treatment molded like a bas-relief, producing poetic decorative effects.


text:
Paolo Giordano wins 11th edition of the Quality Literature Classification with "Tasmania"
Paolo Giordano won the eleventh edition of the Quality Classification: his novel Tasmania (Einaudi) is the book of the year for the jury of «la Lettura». Paolo Giordano is a physicist and a bestselling writer. His first novel, THE SOLITUDE OF PRIME NUMBERS, was translated into more than 40 languages worldwide and won the Premio Strega. He had also became second twice in the Quality Ranking, in the first edition of 2012 with The human body (Mondadori) and in 2018 with Divorare il cielo - Heaven and Earth (Einaudi). He is also the creator of the new HBO series WE ARE WHO WE ARE, co-written and directed by Luca Guadagnino.
"If I had to, I would choose Tasmania. It has fresh water reserves, is a democratic state and is home to no predators for humans. It's not too small but it's still an island, so easy to defend. Because we will have to defend ourselves, believe me ».
Tasmania is a novel about the future. The future we fear and long for, the one we won't have, that we can change, that we are building. The fear and surprise of losing control are the sentiment of our time, and the warm voice of Paolo Giordano knows how to tell it like no other. We all can find ourselves in this highly sensitive and contemporary novel. Because everyone is looking for his Tasmania: a place where it is simply possible to save oneself. However, there are times when everything changes. Something happens, a click is triggered, and the river in which we have always been immersed begins to flow in another direction. We call it a crisis. The protagonist of this novel is a careful and vibrant young man, he thought that science would provide him with all the answers but he finds himself faced with a wall of questions. With him are Lorenza who knows how to wait, Novelli who studies the shape of the clouds, Karol who has found God where he wasn't looking for him, Curzia who is longing, Giulio who doesn't know how to talk to his son. The crisis this novel tells about is not just that of a couple, perhaps it is that of a generation, certainly the crisis of the world as we know it - and of our planet. The magic of Tasmania, the force with which it calls us to every page, is the natural refraction between what happens inside and outside of us. Thus even the ghost of the atomic bomb, which the protagonist studies and reconstructs, becomes an exorcism: the apocalypse is in our debate, and in the uncontrollable movements of the heart.....


text:
Health ·suicide
America's Suicide Crisis May Be Worse Than Previously Thought
BYBloomberg
August 29, 2018, 2:12 PM UTC
Diabetes is a well-known health threat in the U.S., with rates that have reached epidemic levels in recent years. But now researchers are reporting that another scourge has surpassed it in terms of deadliness: suicides and deaths from drug overdoses.
Diabetes is officially ranked the seventh leading cause of death nationwide. Self-injury, as the combination of suicide and drug-related death is known, killed as many people as diabetes in 2014 and is continuing to accelerate. The primary consequence of this unchecked crisis will be decreasing U.S. life expectancy, said Ian Rockett, a professor of epidemiology at West Virginia University in Morgantown.
"Sadly, I don't think we are doing a good job in terms of getting our arms around it," said Rockett, the senior author of a study published Monday in the journal Injury Prevention. "It's a growing problem."
While there's increased awareness of the dangers of narcotics and prescription pain medication, the true extent of the U.S. opioid crisis and the path to addressing it have been obscured by how medical examiners report deaths, according to the report. In the absence of a suicide note, most overdoses are recorded as accidents. Meanwhile, suicide rates have been rising since 2005, and the most common form of suicide attempt is a drug overdose.
"The rising suicide and opioid mortality rates aren't really independent," Rockett said in a phone interview. "If you put the focus on the behavior, most of these deaths are from self-harm. We don't want to blame the victim, but descriptively they belong together."
Keeping them separate masks the national burden of deaths caused by purposeful, self-injurious behaviors, the researchers said. Fully understanding the scope of the problem may help public health officials devise effective methods to intervene in the crisis.
Prevention strategies have found success with other socially complex health problems, including reducing death from smoking-related lung cancer, heart disease, HIV and car crashes. The key is accurately defining and measuring the problem and then finding the political will to address it, they said.
"Without the former, it's impossible to build the latter," the researchers said.
Medical examiners and coroners shouldn't spend more time investigating suicides, Rockett said. Instead, the two categories should be joined so that self-injury, and the mental health issues that underlie it, can be examined more broadly.
"We have a major mental health crisis underway in America, and it's very much underestimated when we think of suicides and drug intoxication deaths as different phenomenon," he said. "We need to get mental health on the front burner. It's an even bigger problem than people realize."


text:
Jurswailly Luciano (født 25. marts 1991 i Curaçao) er en kvindelig hollandsk håndboldspiller, som spiller for Metz Handball i LFH Division 1 Féminine og tidligere Hollands kvindehåndboldlandshold. Hun deltog under VM i kvindehåndbold 2013 i Serbien, sammen med resten af det hollandske landshold.

Kilder

Eksterne henvisninger

Håndboldspillere fra Nederlandene
Håndboldspillere fra Metz Handball

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


With people doing less of their reading on publishers' proper sites, advertisers are taking it as a given that getting their so-called native ads in front of an audience demands that social media to be a healthy part of the distribution mix. And as Facebook clamps down on organic views, an increasing amount of those views will have to be paid for. It's part and parcel of campaigns that Digitas Studios handles, said George Hammer, svp there. "It's a pay-to-play world now," he said.
But as publishers try harder to make native ad campaigns reach their target audience, compromises have to be made, and one area can be transparency.
A new report by Polar, which helps publishers scale native ads, found that 79 percent of publishers rely on paid distribution to scale branded content, only second after native ads (used by 95 percent), and ahead of organic social (used by 42 percent).
Nearly half said they use paid social on all their campaigns, while another 21 percent use it on three-fourths of their campaigns. Further, 73 percent of publishers said they don't break down how much paid distribution they use as part of the overall campaign. The report was based on phone interviews with about 30 premium publishers.
Publishers may bundle paid distribution into their costs, but the more sophisticated ones will provide a breakdown of a campaign's social distribution, said Noah Mallin, head of social at MEC.
To be fair, not all agencies are asking for these details — or, they're more interested in whether the campaign performed in the end. Business Insider does some social distribution for branded content, and agencies aren't asking for a breakdown, said Julie Hansen, BI's president and COO. "We provide lot of detail on results, not necessarily how the sausage is made," she said.
Agencies said they're increasingly expecting and demanding that publishers provide more specifics about where and how publishers are distributing their ads, though, and that publishers are complying when asked. And now that Facebook has officially begun allowing publishers to post branded content on behalf of brands, and will give advertisers data about how their posts are performing, agencies will likely start asking more questions.


Wastewater Treatment Plant Expansion Holds the Key to Iowa City's Future Growth The $50.2 million expansion is the city's largest public works project ever.
After over two years of construction, the major expansion to Iowa City's South Wastewater Treatment Plant has been completed. The plant, located south of town, received multiple process and equipment upgrades and can now treat 24 million gallons per day, more than double its previous capacity. The $50.2 million expansion is the city's largest public works project ever.
Completion of the project marks the culmination of a 40-year vision to move all wastewater treatment operations out of the city's core. The diversion of all wastewater treatment operations to the South Plant necessitated the expansion in its capacity. The increased capacity is important for the future growth of Iowa City and for the first time in decades it provides the city with the possibility of significant population expansion. Iowa City currently has a population of 71,000.
The expansion includes multiple process and equipment enhancements that improve efficiency, sustainability, and safety. A new ultraviolet disinfection process replaced the chemical process that used chlorine gas and sulfur dioxide, eliminating the potential hazards to the staff and residents posed by the transportation and use of these highly dangerous chemicals. A unique Bio-Augmentation Reactor (BAR) system decreases the amount of tank space necessary for treatment and reduces the high concentrations of ammonia produced by the treatment process.
Energy costs are reduced through the use of high speed blowers, which more efficiently match process air requirements, as well as adjustments to the discharges of the influent pumps that reduce the overall pump lift required to move water into the treatment system.
Stanley Consultants permitted and managed the construction of the original plant in 1999 as well as designing its 2003 expansion.


text:
Songs From Inside
Deliberately Constructed Moments
THE BEST OF IMPRESARIO
80's Caravan
Opera singer goes pop as Impresario with 'Songs From Inside' available June 13th on all streaming platforms including Spotify, iTunes, Amazon Music, Pandora and iHeart Radio. Written, performed and recorded between March and May 2020 during the Covid-19 quarantine, singer and musician Valerian Ruminski dives into the pop/rock/techno worlds with
Opera singer goes pop as Impresario with 'Songs From Inside' available June 13th on all streaming platforms including Spotify, iTunes, Amazon Music, Pandora and iHeart Radio. Written, performed and recorded between March and May 2020 during the Covid-19 quarantine, singer and musician Valerian Ruminski dives into the pop/rock/techno worlds with the wonders of GarageBand allowing him to record solo. A potpourri of themes including pop rock, comedy, christian, political and a rare track you will never hear on a pop record. Influenced by groove based rock from Pink Floyd, Rush, ELO to pop Simply Red and Annie Lennox, fav vocalist Darryl Hall from Hall & Oats to the layered songs of Art of Noise, Trevor Horn and Vangelis. 'Song From Inside' is a culmination of a musician's life from choir boy to pop singer to an international opera career. In quarantine.
SONGS FROM INSIDE available now on all streaming platforms!
"Impresario is working with a robust talent and a lot of raw ideas in this disc, but for what it was crafted to accomplish, I think it's one of the more well-rounded offerings that pop buffs can expect to discover this season. Valerian Ruminski has my attention, and if given the opportunity, I think he can win yours as well." -Mark Druery-Indieshark Magazine May 2020
"Impresario delivers something quite captivating in Songs from Inside, and whether you're a fan of the experimental beat or not I would definitely tell you to give it a listen this July. Despite the plethora of indie gems rising to the surface right now, I think Valerian Ruminski's performance here stands the chance of reaching a larger audience than some might expect almost purely because of the energy he lends to this material. His passions are no mystery; in this record, he makes it very clear how much value he places on a raw melody, and furthermore, the lengths he'll go to make it accessible to us. " Bethany Page- Vents Magazine- May 2020
"2020 has been an amazing year for alternative music, and while Songs from Inside definitely has the look and feel of an alternative to the mainstream mundane, I wouldn't be so quick to give it any specific labeling. Impresario's mastermind, Valerian Ruminski, is on a mission to melt hearts here, and aside from that, his aesthetical ambitions appear to be his lone creative compass. " Nicole Killian-Mob York City. May 2020
" Valerian Ruminski isn't shortchanging us on sonic brilliance in Songs from Inside, which serves as the official debut of his Impresario project. On the contrary, I think this is one artist who is breaking off more than most listeners will know what to do with this summer. Overindulgence isn't a part of the formula, but if you're in the mood for something littered with over the top catharsis on all fronts, this is an LP that you really need to get your hands on this month. " Troy Johnston- Official Fame Magazine May 2020
"In the new record from Impresario, rightly titled Songs from Inside, melodies and poetic substance intertwine to make a juggernaut of an indie effort worthy of the fans it was conceived to please. Songs from Inside features little – if any – orthodox compositional techniques, but I'd stop short of calling it a left-field stab at contemporary pop prowess. Created by a vocalist in Valerian Ruminski who can croon just about anything and turn it into gold, this project unleashes a hurricane of harmonies you won't soon forget, and if I were the only critic saying as much this month, it would come as a great surprise indeed. " Garth Thomas- The Hollywood Digest. May 2020
"Songs from Inside doesn't feature any dull moments – once you get into the hook in "Living in My Dreams," it's pretty much smooth sailing for Ruminski from there. Recorded solo under less than typical circumstances, this debut LP from Impresario is as eclectic an effort as they come, but in terms of likeability, it's an album that I find to be a lot more accessible than the average indie offering has been in 2020. " Mindy McCall- Indiepulse Music. May 2020
"Under the Impresario moniker, Valerian Ruminski is bringing the melodic thunder like few others in the American underground are this season, and not just in swinging numbers like this one. Songs from Inside is a profoundly experimental album that spins in more directions than some fans will be able to keep up with, but for those with a taste for the eclectic, it's a hard record to top this June." Heather Savage- Razorfish May 2020
Valerian Ruminski...The Impresario
https://www.twine.net/valerian
I Don't Know Where I'm Goin To 4:08
All of Us 4:41
Here We Go Again 3:57
80's Caravan 2:30
OVER AND OVER AGAIN 4:00


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