Whether the nuptials are on a beach or in the dog-friendly ballroom at the Ritz, duds like these will ensure your pet looks sharp, but doesn't overshadow the bride.
Denim, be it plain or bedazzled, is easy to pair with a varsity jacket or a simple polo shirt.
Depending on the breed, your dog or cat may literally never grow out of clothes like these. But rest easy, pet-parents: this phase will pass. Probably.
Darkness, nuclear winter, space travel—all practical concerns for the pet of the future. Luckily, space-age pet wear has come a long way since aluminum-foil collars were a thing.
Find even more four-legged fashions on Goods!


Our adept technical staff equip with professional spraying gun and standard method to spray Nano Catalyst on the surface of furniture. It can be achieved "One time spraying and long-period effective". After spraying, it is colorless and tasteless, so it will not affect the color and surface of furniture.
Our Indoor Air Purification can reduce the opportunity of getting an infectious disease effectively, home mildew and VOC which is caused by renovation can be decomposed too. It becomes a necessary treatment when you move in a new house!
Our Nano Catalyst is different from Photo Catalyst, it does not require sunlight / UV light to function itself, so it can function as normal at night.
Magic Clean has more than 10 years of experience in VOC and formaldehyde removal. Our services include offices, shops, schools and residences. We are your first choice!
We hope the public and consumers can enhance the awareness of indoor air pollutants VOC (Volatile Organic Compounds) and formaldehyde in the future.
Strong and effective to decompose harmful VOC, such as formaldehyde and benzene, etc.
In addition to decompose VOC, Magic Solution also has a strong function to anti-pollution and auto-clean itself. It is effective to kill fungus, bacteria and mildew, so that we can keep a long-term hygiene and cleaning.
Magic technology can be applied for office building and central air conditioner, it can effectively inhibit the growth of fungus, bacteria and mildew. Also, it can reduce the air pollution of indoor office environment and lower the chance of getting cross infection in hospital. In addition to enhance the hygiene of our environment, but also no repair charge is needed.
Carriage machines or accessories, such as carpet, roof felt, chair and plastic accessories, all of them contain formaldehyde, benzene and other harmful VOC. Especially for first six months, carriage will release these harmful VOC continually, this will make driver get headache, powerless, uncomfortable.
If you get these symptom, you may inhale excessive VOC.
Magic Solution can effectively decompose different bad smell in door, such as smell of formaldehyde, smell of cigarette, smell of pet and other peculiar smell. This can make driver stay within the car without worrying their health.
If there is any enquiry, please dial 2904 8878 to contact our customer service officer, thank you!
The above price is not included the transportation fee. The additional fees is subject to different areas. Thank you.
Customers need to park the vehicle to our specific car park (Location: Car Park, 26 Hung To Road, Kwun Tong, Kowloon) on the service date, thanks for cooperation. Moreover, in order to support eco environment, we will provide 10% OFF to our customers if it is 100% electric vehicle, thank you.
Imperial Cullinan, The Hermitage, The Cullinan, One Silver Sea, The Masterpiece, The Arch, Celestial Heights, Mount Beacon, The Palazzo, Peak One, Lake Silver, Island Crest, Residence Bel-Air, Redhill Peninsula, Hong Kong Parkview, High Point, Mount Parker Residences, Century Gateway, The Latitude, Quarters, Riva, Le Prime, Chatham Gate, Dynasty Court, Park Haven, Cadogan, Alassio, The Hudson, Island Harbourview, Park Avenue, Skypark, One West Kowloon, Peninsula East, Laguna City, Harbourside, Sereno Verde, Providence Bay, Metro Town, Twin Peaks, Seaview Crescent, Ocean Shores, The Wings, Sausalito, Tycoon Place, The Beverly Hill, The Beaumount, Yuccie Square, Monte Vista, Caribbean Coast, Grand YOHO, Hill Paramount, The Coronation and Ultima, etc.
The above estates are parts of our customers (listed in no particular order), which have processed indoor air purification – VOC Control service, we could not list out all our serviced estates due to large volume. Sorry for any inconvenience caused!
Banks, Securities, Hotels & Resorts, Travel & Tourism, Financial, Manufacturing, Logistic, Retailers & Trade, Property Development, Food & Beverage, Telecom, Interior Design, Media, Publishing, Machinery and NGO, etc.
Magic Clean has been authorized to be official distributor and service provider in Hong Kong and Macau, if your company or organization is interested in our Japan Nano Catalyst or Indoor Air Purifier service, please feel free to contact us!
All the new franchise of service provider, we will provide selling skills, product introduction and service rundown in the training with free of charge.
If the service provider faces the problem during the introduction of Japan Nano Catalyst, we will provide the technical support to them.
If you are interested in ordering our product, or you want to be one of our service provider, please feel free to contact Mr. Joe Chung, thank you!
1. What is formaldehyde, and how dangerous?
Formaldehyde is a colorless chemical gases (VOC which a gas), a pungent odor, causing extreme discomfort to eyes and respiratory airway at high concentrations. Prolonged exposure to formaldehyde can trigger allergies. In this case, a small amount of formaldehyde exposure may continue to cause serious adverse reactions. Cancer International Research Organization has classified formaldehyde as a possible carcinogen to humans. In other words, although the evidence is not sufficient in human terms, but there is sufficient evidence in experimental animals, is used in high concentrations of formaldehyde can cause nasal cancer.
2. How formaldehyde into the interior?
Formaldehyde is a common indoor air pollutants. Indoor formaldehyde levels are usually higher than the outdoors, because the source of a lot of indoor formaldehyde, and poor ventilation system but also the formation of high levels of formaldehyde in the case. The main source of emissions of formaldehyde with urea-formaldehyde resin pressed wood products. These resins are used as adhesive materials, such as particle board, medium density fibreboard, plywood and other pressed wood products. When the maximum amount of formaldehyde in the first few months of the product made of emissions. Then, slowly release formaldehyde, release time can be sustained for a long time, usually over several years. Formaldehyde also by smoking, and combustion sources such as gas discharge device and kerosene heaters. Formaldehyde can also be found in other interior decoration items, such as the styrofoam insulation, adhesives, fabrics, carpets and floor coverings, as well as found in paper products and cosmetics.
VOC (Volatile Organic Compound) is called "volatile organic compounds", which contains a variety of volatile organic compounds at room temperature. In general indoor environment, with more than 100 kinds of VOC, including formaldehyde. These sources of VOC release may be different, such as construction materials, wooden furniture, cosmetics, detergents, insecticides and second-hand smoke and so on. Sometimes, dry clothes after also may remain VOC. Long-term contact with the VOC, most likely caused by acute or chronic adverse effects on health. Many types of VOC will be addictive, slightly may cause eye, nose and throat discomfort, severe cases are more likely to inhibit the central nervous system.
4. Where is the source of VOC in?
VOC sources including building materials, detergents, cosmetics, hair wax, carpet, furniture, laser printers, copiers, adhesives and interior decoration with paints and solvents.
5. How to effectively control VOC?
For inquiries, please call 29048878 and contact Customer Service consultant.
To avoid affecting the expected results in applying Magic Solution and raising dust and impurities during service, we suggest our Customers to clean their flat prior to service. Customers may choose to join our plan G to clean their flat first before using the Magic Solution service.
Customer should ensure sure that any renovation and installation of fittings, fixtures and decorations have already completed and that furniture has already been moved in before using the Magic Solution service. If the rate of progress is delayed due to delay in completion of such renovation and installation, there will be an additional charge payable to the Company (Please refer to the Service Terms Clauses 8-10).
Customer must remove all things from drawers and cabinets for our technician to spray Magic Solution on it.
In order to ensure the accuracy of measuring the results of the VOC concentration, it is recommended that the Customer should close all the doors of wooden furniture 48 hours in advance. The technician will provide further advice on the process at the premises.
Our technician will use surveying instruments to check the VOC concentration before and after performing Magic Solution, so that the Customer can compare the result after service. If the Customer does not have time to participate in the testing, we strongly suggest that the Customer authorizes their friends or relatives to participate. If the Customer requires, our technician will take photos of the results and email to customer after performing Magic Solution (Please inform us in advance). The Company's initial testing of VOC concentration on site is the most accurate representation of the Company's services and participation is highly encouraged.
Please provide a suitable ladder to our technician if the Customer needs us to spray Magic Solution on the ceiling.
Magic Solution cannot attach on things which are high density, our technician will not spray Magic Solution on the surface of glass, brick and metal.
Magic Solution may be easily rubbed off of the floor with constant friction or high traffic areas, and so our technician will not spray Magic Solution on the surface of the floor.
Magic Solution requires at least 48 hours to infiltrate in furniture, we therefore suggest that our Customers refrain from cleaning their furniture until after 48 hours.
The result of Magic Solution will be better if our Customer opens all windows to allow ventilation after the Magic Solution service is finished. If the building outer wall or adjacent premises have been under renovation or repair, we suggest our Customer to turn on the air-conditioner for ventilation and avoid the dust outside of the premises and VOC from entering into the flat immediately after service.
Our Company requires advance payment of half of the service fee as a deposit before providing the Magic Solution service. The Customer may prepare payment of the balance by cheque or cash and pay the same to our technician on the service day. The Customer may also pay the deposit by ATM to our Hang Seng Bank account (Our account No. 229-176136-001) on or before service completes.
All regular service scheduled for a particular date and time shall be final and may not be altered unless agreed by the Company and subject to availability. If the Customer would like to change the date or time of a scheduled regular service, the Customer should apply to the Company at least three working days in advance so as to allow proper arrangement to be made. If the Company is unable to change date or time, the Customer may cancel the service session but the already booked service days or hours will not be refunded or credited to the Customer. The Company may suspend the provision of services to the Customer at any time and shall endeavor to give notice to the Customer in advance.
If Customer needs to cancel the booking with less than one working days' notice, the Customer shall compensate our Company for administrative costs, travelling expense and lost service fee.
If the service building does not have any elevator or if the elevator is malfunctioned at the time of service, the Company will charge a further handling equipment fee in the sum of HK$200.00 for each floor travelled by our service attendants subject to a maximum charge at four floors and total handling equipment fee in the sum of HK$800.00. No service will be provided if our service attendants are required to carry equipment up to five floors and above. If no notification is made to the Company in advance of elevator malfunction or lack of elevator, no advance payment will be refunded in this case.
All cancellations of service due to reasons of the Customer shall not be refunded or credited to the Customer. The Customer may contact the Company to propose a service date and time. The service date is subject to confirmation by the Company, who will directly contact the Customer to finalize the date that service will be provided.
Where the Customer has agreed to engage the Company for service sessions for more than once a week, in case of Typhoon Signal No.8 or announcement of Black Rainstorm Warning occurring within 2 hours from the time of scheduled service, all booked services will be automatically cancelled. No refund and/or compensation will be provided in this cancellation. Where services are agreed to be provided once a week or less frequently, the Company and the Customer shall arrange a suitable alternative time for service. If (a) black rainstorm warning(s) or typhoon 8 or above typhoon warning(s) is (are) cancelled more than two hours before the time of scheduled service, the booked service will remain scheduled.
When our technician has finished a part of the Magic Solution service, and is required to wait for one hour or above to continue the process due to our customer's renovations or decorations not having finished or the furniture hasn't moved in, our Company will ask for a surcharge of HK$500.00 from Customer for waiting time. If our technician has another job on that day, our Company shall be entitled to suspend service temporarily and re-arrange the service date.
In addition to Clause 8 above, if the Customer urgently needs to complete the service, our Company will charge i) a surcharge of HK$500.00 from the Customer for completing the service if our technician is available for service and is able to complete the service before 6:00PM; or. ii)a surcharge of HK$1,200 for completing the service (if our technician is available for service) but it is not expected that our technician can complete before 6:00PM.
If the premises is under renovation and construction during the VOC Control process, such as oil repairing or cleaning, this may affect the VOC test measuring and processing results. The Customer may in such case elect to cancel or carry on with the VOC Control. If the service is cancelled, please refer to (Clause 4). If the service is carried on, please note that our Company cannot guarantee that the VOC measure and testing are an accurate representation of the result due to such renovation and construction work and the Customer shall not challenge our Company's quality of service due to the result having been tainted due to such external factors.
The Customer may request for an additional VOC testing service after the Magic Solution service date. Please contact the Company to arrange a service date for a cost quotation. If the concentration of VOC is within the standard (lower than 1ppm*), the Company will charge a testing fee as quoted; but if concentration of VOC is equal to or above 1ppm, Company shall only charge a travelling fee to be quoted.
Any services requested by the Customer and any disputes regarding the service and the terms and conditions of this agreement is subject to the final decision of Company.
These terms are to be construed in the English language. These terms also provided in Chinese for the Customer's reference and information. In case of any discrepancy in relation to both versions, the English version shall prevail.
Remark: ppm:parts per million,1ppm will be defined as one millionth.


I have been shocked at the reports from those suggesting that former Governor Sarah Palin has some level of responsibility for the horrific shooting in Arizona. I got to know Governor Palin when she served as Governor of Alaska. She was extremely helpful to Samaritan's Purse in providing relief to remote villages throughout the state. Most recently, she and members of her family traveled with me to Haiti where we visited Cholera clinics, temporary shelter communities, and participated in an Operation Christmas Child distribution.
She is a kind and compassionate God-fearing woman who believes with all her heart that Jesus Christ is the Way, the Truth, and the Life. Whether you agree with her politics or not, it is outrageous to suggest that her political opinions encourage violence toward anyone. This is a time for mourning and prayer for the victims and their families.


And raised new vision to her soul.
Turned towards the idol of her love.
A frenzy of remembered pain.
His eager courser's feet I hear.
Burst not with rapture! Can it be?
My own, my worshipped, my beloved!
And do I wake to know 'tis nought?
And she, whose radiance all effaced—Zuleika—on the throne was placed.
From generous faithful love withdrew?
To be thus hated—spurned—by thee?
Your face is a lovely moon that my soul's eye gazes on.
And both health and wealth.
Do you know that you plundered a queen's eyes, heart, and soul?
I wonder what befell the other hearts you stole.
Who would believe one so lovely could be so stone-hearted?
You, my endless yearning, and your name are all I know.
Now, at last, I am finding you in my tears and pain.
Did you really think that your journey was over when you found the feet of your Beloved?
But did you think He would allow you to remain in your pathetic state?
"Yussuf was a man and Yussuf became more than a man—Yussuf became a Perfect Man—a Perfect Master. In the beginning of the story Yussuf was already advanced on the path. This is what accounts for his extraordinary beauty and the attraction that all felt for him. But, though advanced, he was still in illusion; his consciousness was still of illusion. His state was symbolized by his imprisonment and his slavery. Yussuf was experiencing the most excruciating state of seeing God everywhere and in everything, yet was not able to recognize himself as God—not yet in the state of union with God.
"Now, Zuleika saw Yussuf three times in a dream—in a vision. Yussuf was reaching out for her from his state on the inner planes of consciousness. She too, was reaching out for him—reaching out for God. This was not the first lifetime they were to be together. Do you know dear Granddaughter that the Sufis have many words for love? Some say that there are sixty-seven; some say that every word is a word for love. Those that study the inner-science of calligraphy know that every letter has its own meaning also. There are those who practice writing the same letter for years and years.
"Yes, Zuleika had courted and been courted by love for lifetimes, and as the saying goes, 'When her time has come, the prey finds the hunter.' Love was her Beloved, but love was not her only beloved, and at a certain time—when the moment is right—the real Beloved appears and begins to destroy one by one, or sometimes all at once, the lover's other beloveds—the lover's desires.
"My dear, it is a game the Beloved plays with the lover—it is a game of push and pull—Hafez spoke of it when he said, 'I straddle the line between the barren desert and the cultivated fields.' It is a state the Beloved gives to the lover. Neither does the lover have the pains and pleasures of worldly life, nor does she have the joys of the spiritual world.


text:
Q: Number of comments posted by a user in disqus Is there any way to get the number of comments posted by a user in disqus API.
I went through their Public/API data and found out that there is a field named numPosts in User.
But couldn't get how to retrieve it for a user registered on my site using disqus SSO.

A: It can be retrieved by making a call to : "https://disqus.com/api/3.0/users/details.json" url
The response contains the field numPosts
var disqusPublicKey = "<yourkey>";
var disqusShortname = "<shortname>";
    $.ajax({
        type: 'GET',
        url: 'https://disqus.com/api/3.0/users/details.json',
        data: { api_key: disqusPublicKey, user:"<userid>"},
        cache: false,
        dataType: 'jsonp',
        success: function(response) {
            console.log(response);
        }
    });

For more details refer : https://disqus.com/api/docs/users/details/

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Gutenborner is a white German wine grape that is also used in English wine production. The grape was created in 1928 by Heinrich Birk at Forschungsanstalt Geisenheim by crossing of Müller-Thurgau and Bicane (also known as Chasselas Napoleon).

The only synonym of Gutenborner is its breeding code, Geisenheim 17–52.

References

White wine grape varieties

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Q: How to disable and enable button based on the length of array jQuery? I have three rows of button, I want to add text of button to array (firstRowArr, secondRowArr, thirdRowArr). If firstRowArr bigger then secondRowArr and thirdRowArr, secondRow and thirdRow's button can be selected only one. If secondRowArr if bigger than firstRowArr and secondRowArr, firstRowArr and thirdRowArr can be selected only one. And the third case is the same as case one and case two.
##index.html

          <button class="ball">0</button>
          <button class="ball">1</button>
          <button class="ball">2</button>
          <button class="ball">3</button>

        <button class="ball-second">0</button>
        <button class="ball-second">1</button>
        <button class="ball-second">2</button>
        <button class="ball-second">3</button>

          <button class="ball-third">0</button>
          <button class="ball-third">1</button>
          <button class="ball-third">2</button>
          <button class="ball-third">3</button>

##script.js
var firstRowArr = [];
var secondRowArr = [];
var thirdRowArr = [];

$('.ball').each(function () {
        $(this).click(function () {
          $(this).toggleClass('active-ball');
                if($(this).hasClass('active-ball')) {
                  firstRowArr.push($(this).text());
                  if(firstRowArr.length >=2){
                    // button in secondRow and thirdRow can be selected only one button
                  }

                }

        });
    });

    $('.ball-second').each(function () {
        $(this).click(function () {
            $(this).toggleClass('active-ball');
                if($(this).hasClass('active-ball')) {
                  secondRowArr.push($(this).text());
                  if(secondRowArr.length >=2){
                    // button in firstRow and thirdRow can be selected only one button
                    }

                }

        });
    });

    $('.ball-third').each(function () {
        $(this).click(function () {
            $(this).toggleClass('active-ball');
                if($(this).hasClass('active-ball')) {
                  thirdRowArr.push($(this).text());
                  if(thirdRowArr.length >=2){
                    // button in firstRow and secondRow can be selected only one button
                    }

                }

        });
    });

A: You could do it like this:
$('.ball').click(function() {
  $(this).toggleClass('active-ball');
  if ($(this).hasClass('active-ball')) {
    if (mainRowArr == "" || mainRowArr == $(this).parent().attr("id") || firstRowArr.length < 1) {
      firstRowArr.push($(this).text());
      if (firstRowArr.length >= 2) mainRowArr = $(this).parent().attr("id")
    }
  } else {
    var index = firstRowArr.indexOf($(this).text());
    if (index !== -1) {
      firstRowArr.splice(index, 1);
    }
  }
  console.log("firstrow: " + firstRowArr + " - Secondrow: " + secondRowArr + " - thirdrow: " + thirdRowArr);
});

Now you could add some code that would disabled none selected buttons.
Demo

var firstRowArr = [];
var secondRowArr = [];
var thirdRowArr = [];
var mainRowArr = "";

$('.ball').click(function() {
  $(this).toggleClass('active-ball');
  if ($(this).hasClass('active-ball')) {
    if (mainRowArr == "" || mainRowArr == $(this).parent().attr("id") || firstRowArr.length < 1) {
      firstRowArr.push($(this).text());
      if (firstRowArr.length >= 2) mainRowArr = $(this).parent().attr("id")
    }
  } else {
    var index = firstRowArr.indexOf($(this).text());
    if (index !== -1) {
      firstRowArr.splice(index, 1);
    }
  }
  console.log("firstrow: " + firstRowArr + " - Secondrow: " + secondRowArr + " - thirdrow: " + thirdRowArr);
});
$('.ball-second').click(function() {
  $(this).toggleClass('active-ball');
  if ($(this).hasClass('active-ball')) {
    if (mainRowArr == "" || mainRowArr == $(this).parent().attr("id") || secondRowArr.length < 1) {
      secondRowArr.push($(this).text());
      if (secondRowArr.length >= 2) mainRowArr = $(this).parent().attr("id")
    }
  } else {
    var index = secondRowArr.indexOf($(this).text());
    if (index !== -1) {
      secondRowArr.splice(index, 1);
    }
  }
  console.log("firstrow: " + firstRowArr + " - Secondrow: " + secondRowArr + " - thirdrow: " + thirdRowArr);
});

$('.ball-third').click(function() {
  $(this).toggleClass('active-ball');
  if ($(this).hasClass('active-ball')) {
    if (mainRowArr == "" || mainRowArr == $(this).parent().attr("id") || thirdRowArr.length < 1) {
      thirdRowArr.push($(this).text());
      if (thirdRowArr.length >= 2) mainRowArr = $(this).parent().attr("id")
    }
  } else {
    var index = thirdRowArr.indexOf($(this).text());
    if (index !== -1) {
      thirdRowArr.splice(index, 1);
    }
  }
  console.log("firstrow: " + firstRowArr + " - Secondrow: " + secondRowArr + " - thirdrow: " + thirdRowArr);
});

    <button class="ball">0</button>
    <button class="ball">1</button>
    <button class="ball">2</button>
    <button class="ball">3</button>

    <button class="ball-second">0</button>
    <button class="ball-second">1</button>
    <button class="ball-second">2</button>
    <button class="ball-second">3</button>

    <button class="ball-third">0</button>
    <button class="ball-third">1</button>
    <button class="ball-third">2</button>
    <button class="ball-third">3</button>


NRP Solutions offers world class Generating Sets to meet the most discrete and demanding requirements of its customers in the National and International Power Generation Market.
and a Hino engine for Natural Gas application for 62.5KVA. Generator varies from 15 KVA to 125 KVA.


Reviews about the "Columbia River Knife and Tool 8900 Eraser Razor Edge Knife"
Average Review 4.8 out of 5.0. Review is produced from 19 reviews. You can have a look for some recent reviews as per amazon bellow of this category Knives & Tools.
An average review 3.7 of 5.0 scale from 111 customer reviews.
An average review 4.4 of 5.0 scale from 20 customer reviews.


Happy Halloween everyone! I hope you're all having a lovely – or should that be creepy – day 😉 I thought I'd share a quick post about our ending promotion and the exciting things happening tomorrow!!!
Today is the LAST day to order any of the paper packs that are part of the amazing Buy 3 – Get 1 FREE Designer Series Paper Sale.
This is a great way to stock up on your favourites paper packs – I know I have 😉 If you want to add to your DSP collection, make sure to place your order today.
CLICK HERE to see all the paper packs included in this promotion or any of the pictures below to shop in my online store.
A new day brings new things and tomorrow, the brand *new* Stampin' Blends alcohol markers will be available to purchase. I've loved playing with these new markers and think they're a great addition to my colouring options.
I'll be sending out a new brochure with all the details about these new Stampin' Blends Markers to all my customers this week, if you haven't shopped with me before you can download the PDF version below or contact me here and I'll pop one in the post for you.
To celebrate the launch of this wonderful product I will be having a special promotion during November. Everyone who orders 12 markers or 6 Combo Packs will receive a FREE Colour Lifter – trust me, you will need one of these 🙂 If you order 24 markers or 12 Combo Packs, I will send you the Colour Lifter, Bronze and Ivory Markers.
These free gifts are from me, so will arrive separately from your order.
Also available tomorrow will be the coordinating Colour Me Happy Project Kit (item# 144609) and Colour Me Happy stamp set (item# 144064 – wood-mount, 144069 – clear-mount). They will also be available as a bundle (save 10%) and are a great place to begin your blending journey.
Please note: The kit and stamp set will only be available while stocks last, so if you want them, pick them up as soon as possible, I think they're going to be very popular.
Well, that's all the news for today, I hope you have a wonderfully frightful night – in a good way 😉 and I'll see you tomorrow.
Next Post Stampin' Blends are HERE!!!


text:
Luxury Pursuits
ICONIC HAUS
Luxury in
Get Luxury in Your Inbox
These Restaurants Are Taking the Multi-Sensory Experience to
by DENA ROCHÉ
Sublimotion by Tamas Kooning Lansbergen
Step right up to the next greatest show on earth—dining! In a society where constant entertainment is at our fingertips, it's no surprise that food as theater is an emerging trend. But the idea of food as a multi-sensory experience is nothing new as exhibition kitchens have provided many fun nights. We eat with our eyes, our sense of smell, and our taste buds. Our most memorable meals are always tied to the overall experience, not simply a great steak. Locally and globally, innovative restaurateurs are redefining our idea of an epic epicurean experience. Here are some of the best.
Photo by Tamas Kooning Lansbergen
\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
SUBLIMOTION, IBIZA
What do you get when you combine lasers, video projections, and virtual reality with chefs boasting 10 Michelin stars serving a one-table restaurant? A wild, totally unique, unforgettable experience at the most expensive restaurant in the world. At about $2,000 a person, Sublimotion, under the direction of Chef Paco Roncero, is a surreal, futuristic look at dining. Twelve lucky guests are treated to a highly choreographed experience in a specially designed room that serves as an ever-changing canvas. Projections on the walls and table itself morph the environment from a cabaret to the inside of a Champagne bottle to a magical forest. Dishes are paired to the theme; for example, one dish is in a hanging garden that descends from the ceiling.
The chefs work alongside engineers, illusionists, screenwriters, DJs, and 25 servers to create the three-hour, multi-sensory extravaganza. The kitchen turns out course after course of unique items, like a fruity pill that dissolves in the mouth like sorbet, or fish served in cockleshells as "sharks" swim around the room, or a deconstructed shrimp scampi enjoyed while "riding" the Orient Express. There's even a point where diners don Samsung VR goggles to pair with a course. According to Eduardo Gonzales, Sublimotion's director and co-founder, a new experience is about to be revealed.
"This year we will have a new scene in which we will use the 'hybrid reality' to submerge the guests in a virtual environment," Gonzales says. "It will be like sitting down to eat at the table of a video game where snacks float around you and you can pick them up, take them to your mouth, and then discover that they are absolutely real and delicious! It will be an incredible moment."
Burning Bush: Duo of goose and rabbit with aromatic smoking juniper
KAI, PHOENIX
While Sublimotion is like a Lady GaGa concert, a meal at Kai is like listening to a finely-tuned orchestra. Kai bills itself as a journey, with the very attentive wait staff as your guides. It begins when very large, wood-framed menus with original Native American art are propped up on the table with the pomp and circumstance of a Van Gogh revealing.
The waiter first describes the painting on each menu before launching into the history of the Pima tribe, whose cuisine Kai represents. He then explains that the menu is divided into The Birth, The Beginning, and The Journey (appetizer, bigger appetizers, and mains) or the entire table can choose tasting menus of six or twelve courses. Each dish, from the Ha:!, a mesquite-smoked squash purée with O'otham Gourds and agave cotton, to a Wagyu beef entrée with native seed search bean ragout, is presented with a flourish and a story. Throughout the meal you'll learn about the culture and legends of the tribe.
Tea activated smoking plant at Kai
Sensory experiences like a plant that begins to smoke when tea is poured over it to activate the underlying dry ice are designed to heighten your senses. The smell is intended to evoke a desert monsoon aroma, while the tea pouring sounds like desert rain. The journey doesn't end until you retrieve your car from the valet and find a small wooden box with blue corn meal muffins for the morning and a handwritten note from your waiter.
"There's no reason why we can't defy all laws of gravity, and there's no reason why you have to eat on a white plate."
The Lawn Moo-er
BARTON G, LOS ANGELES & MIAMI
Dinner at Barton G is about people-watching, selfie-taking, and not taking yourself too seriously. While Corporate Chef Jeff O'Neill has an impressive pedigree, having worked for Eric Ripert, Daniel Bouland, and Charlie Palmer, it's the theater you remember perhaps more than the food itself. The décor is club-like, and fellow diners are shooting selfies at the rate of a teen girl posing with Justin Bieber. But you have to forgive them, as the experience is probably one of the most Instagram-able you'll have while fine dining.
Order the Don't Be a Jerk Chicken, and a whole bird in a cage along with a video arrives, or The Lawn Moo-er, an artery-clogging, 48-ounce, grass-fed porterhouse served atop an actual lawnmower on a plot of lettuce grass. We love the Lobster Pop-Tarts that comes with a toaster, and by no means should you miss Marie Antoinette's Head-Let Them Eat Cake for dessert. The towering bouffant of cotton candy would make Marge Simpson jealous.
Cubanito Chocolate Cigar
"Barton G. is American cuisine with a twist. It's still whimsical, fun, and we make people smile. At the end of the day, that's it. There's no greater success, we feel, than making everyone happy," says creator Barton Weiss. "It's about service—the way you present, the timing, everything. It becomes entertainment…We have no boundaries, no limits. There's no reason why we can't defy all laws of gravity, and there's no reason why you have to eat on a white plate."
Photo by Pepo Segurado
TICKETS BAR, BARCELONA
Brothers Albert and Ferran Adria, the duo who brought the world molecular gastronomy in their 3-star Michelin restaurant elBulli, are the masterminds behind Tickets Bar in Barcelona. The circus-like, casual, and often-loud atmosphere belies the creativity and complexity of the multi-course tapas cuisine.
In 2014, Tickets received a Michelin star and was lauded on Restaurant Magazine's top restaurants of the world list. Reservations are required months in advance, and unlike anywhere else in Spain punctuality is a must or your table will be lost. Guests can select from the menu, or put their faith in the kitchen to map out the experience.
An open kitchen allows diners to watch as dishes like the summertime tree hung with strawberry "cherries" in elderflower foam and pistachio acorns are created. The dish arrives at the table with pruning scissors to cut off the treats. The mackerel dish is marinated with lime and chili tableside and is presented with a timer. When the timer goes off the ceviche is ready to eat. "I have a curiosity to discover new limits and new ways to understand gastronomy," says Chef Albert Adria.
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Home / Creativity / Nuturing Creativity & Artists…..
I came across this talk by Elizabeth Gilbert who wrote the fantastic book "Eat, Pray, Love" and I think it ties in very well with Julia Cameron's book "The Artist's Way". She talks about how the idea of artist's "being" genius has hurt us rather than the idea of "having" genius as in having a muse. She comments on showing up as her doing her part and the muse/genius showing up and doing their part. A really great talk and a look into the person of Elizabeth and writers.
How do you nurture your creativity and show up to work at creating ?
Did you know your body is 90% water ?
Yes, I love this TED talk, too, Marilyn. Elizabeth Gilbert is an eloquent speaker, warm and witty. Ole to you for posting this.
thanks for stoppin by and commenting. And yes I loved her talk also!


I'm sorry I got so far behind on these!
IGN – It's a great time to be a Star Trek fan. Not only do we have the second season of Star Trek: Discovery coming this January from CBS All Access, but there's also a new show in the works featuring the return of Captain Jean-Luc Picard, several other rumored projects on the table, and a series of short films, dubbed Short Treks, rolling out on the streaming service as a lead-in to Discovery's return. And today IGN has the exclusive teaser trailer for the next of those shorts, "Calypso." Check out the trailer above!
After waking up in an unfamiliar sickbay, Craft (Aldis Hodge) finds himself onboard a deserted ship, and his only companion and hope for survival is an A.I. computer interface.
Written by Michael Chabon, with a story by Sean Cochran and Chabon, and diirected by Olatunde Osunsanmi, "Calypso" already has a high pedigree based solely on the fact that Chabon is a Pulitzer Prize-winning author. He's also working on the Picard series, so his time in the Trek universe is just beginning.
We've also got an exclusive new image (seen above) of Aldis Hodge as Craft, who is a new character in the Star Trek pantheon. Unlike the other Short Treks coming this year, which deal with pre-existing characters Tilly, Saru and Harry Mudd, "Calypso" is focused on Craft and what, based on this teaser trailer, appears to be a mischievous or very human-like computer.
Also of note in the teaser is the title card which says "1,000 Years After Discovery." The short appears to be set on the Discovery, or a Discovery sister ship perhaps, so how is this happening a thousand years in the future?!
We'll have to watch "Calypso" when it debuts on CBS All Access on Thursday, November 8, to find out!
Posted on September 20, 2018 Written by Admin - AliKat No Comments on Happy Birthday Aldis!
Announcement: New Theme on Aldis Hodge Online!
Posted on July 31, 2018 Written by Admin - AliKat No Comments on Announcement: New Theme on Aldis Hodge Online!
I was very overdue for a new theme on AHO so I've chosen this very fun theme by Monica with a bright and beautiful header by Pink Retro Designs. I've also updated all of Aldis' many upcoming projects. I almost ran out of room on the sidebar!I hope you enjoy it. Let me know if you have any problems.
Sorry I got so behind on updating these events! I'll do better next time!


Structure, properties, spectra, suppliers and links for: Methoxsalen, 298-81-7.
Tacalcitol (1,24-dihydroxyvitamin D 3) is a synthetic vitamin D 3 analog. Tacalcitol is marketed under several names, including Curatoderm and Bonalfa.


Avison Young opened its Tampa Bay office in September 2013 with 19 members joining from Lane Witherspoon & Carswell Commercial Real Estate Advisors (LWC) and L&W Commercial Property Management (L&W). LWC and L&W were founded in 2007 and as a result of its acquisition, Avison Young now ranks among the leading commercial real estate services companies in Florida's central and west coast regions. The Tampa office offers a full suite of services including tenant representation, agency leasing, asset and property management, project management and capital markets.
The Tampa leasing and management team has grown their portfolio to more than 5.5 million square feet, managing and leasing both class A trophy high-rise buildings as well office buildings in some of Tampa's fastest growing markets.
The Tampa Industrial Leasing team is one of the premier leasing teams in Tampa with more than 4 million square feet of agency leasing assignments.
Tampa's capital markets team is a part of the Florida Capital Markets Group which completed more than $500 million worth of transactions in 2016 for some of the largest global owners and operators of real estate, as well as local and entrepreneurial owners and developers.
The Tampa metro area is the 18th largest metro in the country, and was recently ranked by Money magazine as the "Best City in the Southeast." More than 4.2 million people live in Greater Tampa Bay, and an active labor force of nearly 2 million ensures an abundance of qualified candidates to fulfill employer demand. The population is educated and expanding, with Florida boasting the top talent pipeline in the country, bolstered by a respected state college and university system. With a rising number of young professionals and rapid job creation in high-tech industries, Tampa Bay is considered among the leading places for the creative class to cluster. Having recently ranked as one of America's best cities for millennials, Tampa has seen a rising number of young professionals.
Tampa Bay is home to 19 corporate headquarters with over $1 billion in annual revenue, seven of which are Fortune 1000 companies, in addition to being the location of choice for nearly 500 foreign-owned companies representing over 40 nations. Nearly one in four business and information services firms in Florida are located within our region, which anchors the Florida High Tech Corridor, including some of the biggest names in banking and finance.
Two of the major economic engines for the region include the Port of Tampa and MacDill Air Force Base. The Port of Tampa has a $15.1-billion annual impact with nearly 100,000 jobs created and 34 million tons of cargo and 1 million cruise passengers moving through the port annually. MacDill Air Force Base, which is home to United States Central Command, United States Special Operations Command and the sixth Air Mobility Wing, has a $4.98-billion annual impact.
Companies operating in Tampa Bay enjoy low labor costs, favorable corporate tax policies, no personal income tax, and stable, pro-business leadership. Collaboration between state and local government and industry has resulted in effective development packages, targeted financial incentives, expedited permitting, and streamlined regulatory processes. These conditions have made the Bay Area an ideal place for companies such as Bristol-Myers Squibb, Depository Trust and Clearing Corporation, Citigroup, Amazon and USAA.
Continued investment activity is expected as capital continues to flow into the real estate market, albeit at a somewhat slower pace. The absence of new speculative construction, coupled with still-rising commercial land prices, should continue to support a stable vacancy rate with incremental gains in rents, particularly within sought-after class A space in primary submarkets. The urban core Downtown Tampa has been undergoing a renaissance of sorts, and with several prominent developments underway it is taking steps toward becoming the world-class downtown developers envision.
At the close of 2016, industrial fundamentals remained sound, with landlords continuing to incrementally increase asking rents, particularly in newer and more functionally efficient buildings in major distribution corridors. While a relative lack of large blocks of space in the market is fueling new construction activity, with the majority of new speculative construction in the East Side and Lakeland areas, it is expected that the new space underway will only partly mitigate the pent-up demand as tenant interest remains steady and strong economic fundamentals continue to support business expansion.
Tampa Bay's 75 million-square-foot retail market ended 2016 with an incremental decline in vacancy, strong rental rate growth, and relatively tepid net absorption. There were no significant retail projects completed during the year, although a handful of single user and grocery-anchored projects were delivered. National and regional fast casual concepts continue to view Tampa as a viable option for expansion due in part to increased consumer spending.
Tampa Bay appeals to investors due to its influence on Florida's economy as a whole. With the eight-county Greater Tampa Bay region comprising more than 4.3 million people, it is currently home to 22% of Florida´s population and has 22% of the labor force. The Tampa area, with its efficient port system, has become a global gateway. With the Panama Canal being expanded and Cuba eventually opening up, commercial property in Tampa is a sound long-term investment. Investment interest continued at a steady pace and significant capital continued to chase acquisition opportunities throughout 2016. During the trailing 12 months ending December 2016, there were 190 office, industrial and retail sales of properties $2.5 million and higher, accounting for $2.4 billion and nearly 18 million square feet.


Our unique limited edition Media Luna Mirror, exclusively designed by White Moss will certainly catch everyone's eye. Featuring a half moon shaped mirror with a staggered free-flowing soft lambs suede leather tassel fringe with a blunt bottom cut. This modern and clean mirror will make the ideal wall statement and look great wherever it's hung.
Note: In order to keep the mirror flat to the wall we recommend you hang using 3-4 medium command strips available in all hardware stores. No drilling required!


RAID Systems (In Computers, Servers, NAS, etc) use multiple disk-drives to store data to prevent data loss when individual drives fail & to increase the read/write memory performance. Software based RAID systems provided by the operating systems use the system CPU to create and manage RAID drives while Hardware based RAID systems require a dedicated hardware RAID controller/ processor, that can access multiple disks simultaneously for the same purpose. There are many types of RAID systems and the common ones are RAID 0, 1, 5, 10, etc.
In RAID 0, data is split and written on two disks – Half of it on one disk, and the other half on the other. This type of RAID system is mainly used to improve the read/write operations & memory performance in general as it employs Data striping with multiple disks. It offers no protection for data, as such.
In RAID 1, data is written on one disk and simultaneously copied to another disk (Disk Mirroring). Even if one disk fails, there would be no disruption of services as the system can use the other disk which contains the exact copy of the failed disk. But in RAID 1, the usable disk space is 50% of the total installed capacity.
RAID 10 is a combination of RAID 1 & RAID 0. It needs a minimum of four disks to configure. In this, two disks are paired as one set and data is mirrored within each set, which accounts for data recovery. Data is still split into two and written alternatively on each set of drives – one by one which accounts for data striping and better performance. Usable disk space is 50% of the total installed capacity.
RAID 5 requires minimum 3 disks to implement and it uses parity. If a disk fails, using the parity value (which is a function of data on other two disks) the data which was stored on the failed disk can be calculated for each block. RAID 5 gives good performance as it can use data striping to write across multiple disks & it can also give a better storage efficiency – Usable capacity: Total Capacity Minus Disk capacity of one disk.
Though RAID systems provide for disk redundancy (when one of the disks fail), there are situations where data might still be lost/ inaccessible. Can data from such RAID systems be recovered?
More than one drive failing at the same time / another drive failing just before the faulty drive is replaced.
RAID Controller Card failure/ RAID configuration gets corrupted.
Accidental formatting of all Disks/ Bad Sectors.
Accidental file deletion (manual errors).
Recovery failure after a failed drive is replaced, etc.
There are multiple methods used in recovering data from failed RAID systems, and some of them are discussed below.
A method called 'striping' is used in most of the RAID systems which stores the data to various drives in small blocks of 128/256 Kbps (for example). This is referred to as stripe size. So, the files that are smaller than the stripe size (like small text documents, spreadsheets, etc) can be recovered in full as they can be accommodated into a single block and hence may not be split.
But even larger documents that are split into multiple blocks and stored in multiple drives can be recovered by a process called 'De-Striping', where each block of data is copied sector by sector from all the drives involved into a new destination and attempts are made to arrange all the sectors in the right order to reconstruct the (larger) original file. It may not be possible to recover all the files like this but depending on the extent of damage, most of them might be recovered.
If the drives in a RAID array are accidentally formatted, it might still be possible to recover data from them depending on how they were formatted – If an OS/ Software was used to format the drives (in high level), the old data might still be available in the free space and can be recovered. But if a Controller was used to format the drives (in low level), there is a chance that data might have been totally erased.
There maybe cases where some hardware components of RAID systems might have been physically damaged – In such cases, the failed components may be replaced to recover the data.
It might be a good idea to take professional help from companies specialized in RAID recovery in case of RAID system data loss/ failure.


text:
USA / Australia coronavirus live Update (COVID-19)
Web Top News
Home World Headlines UK children breathing toxic air
UK children breathing toxic air
UK children inhaling toxic air on school run and in classroom.
Children are most exposed to dangerous air pollution on the school run and in the playground, experts have warned.
While children only spend 40 per cent of their time on the school run and at school, they receive 60 per cent of their exposure to tiny particles of black carbon during those times, a study has found.
Peaks in children's exposure to the pollution were recorded while they travelling to and from school and during breaktime when they were likely to be in the playground, the report by Unicef UK and Queen Mary, University of London showed.
Exposure to the pollutant, which can penetrate deep in the lungs, bloodstream and potentially the brain, and can stunt lung and brain growth and cause long term breathing conditions, is generally higher at school than when children are at home.
Amy Gibbs, Unicef UK's director of advocacy, said: "Every day, thousands of children across the UK are setting off on a toxic school run that could impact their lifespan and contribute to serious long-term health problems.
READ Coronavirus Updates: Europe clinches deal to buy up to 300M doses of Pfizer/BioNTech vaccine
"We cannot afford to continue to overlook this invisible but serious threat; change is possible if the government acts now.
"It is critical that it sets out a clear strategy with sufficient funding to protect children from the harmful effects of toxic air, when and where they are proven to be most at risk."
During the study, six children in London took carried personal monitors which recorded black carbon over a 24-hour period during weekdays to assess their exposure on an average school day.
They spent an average of 7 per cent of the day travelling, but experienced 15 per cent of their daily exposure to black carbon while on their journeys.
And while they spent 32 per cent of the day at school, they got 44 per cent of their exposure to the pollution during that time.
READ Brett Giroir: US names virus testing czar after test shortages
The assessment is part of an unpublished study by Queen Mary researchers.
Unicef UK estimates that one in three children, some 4.5 million, are growing up in towns and cities in the UK with unsafe levels of particulate pollution.
The charity warns that children breathe faster than adults, taking in more polluted air relative to their body weight.
And they tend to be exposed to higher doses, because they spend more time outside, walk or are pushed in buggies at the height of vehicle emissions.
Taking a child to school in a car does not protect them from the pollution, however, as they may be exposed higher levels of pollutants inside vehicles, because emissions circulate and build up rather than dissipate.
Uncief UK is calling on the government to set up a ring-fenced funding pot to protect children from air pollution, including on their daily school run and at school and nursery, and set out a UK-wide strategy on children and air pollution.
READ Russia Spy Poisoning: deadline has passed
The charity also wants to see an ambitious network of clean air zones, with child-friendly areas that promote walking, cycling and public transport, and expand air quality monitoring to better understand children's exposure to pollution.
A Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs spokesman said: "The government is already taking strong action to improve the air we breathe.
"Our Clean Air Strategy builds on our £3.5bn plan to tackle roadside emissions, and by ending the sale of conventional new diesel and petrol cars and vans by 2040, we are acting faster than almost every other major developed economy.
"But the government cannot act alone. Whether it's burning only the cleanest fuels at home or leaving the car at home on the school run, everyone has a role to play in reducing air pollution and protecting the health of our children."
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Home / Articles / Hizbullah inflicts humiliating defeat on Israel
Hizbullah inflicts humiliating defeat on Israel
by Crescent International
Series of Israeli attacks on August 24-25 on three sovereign states, Lebanon, Syria and Iraq, ended in a strategic defeat for Israel on September 1 when Hizbullah reciprocated by targeting Israel's Avivim military base.
According to Hizbullah's media arm, the Islamic resistance movement destroyed an Israeli armored personnel carrier (APC) killing or injuring all the occupants.
While Zionist officials tried to downplay Hizbullah's success, the denial spin collapsed once RT Arabic correspondent, Dalia Nammari, showed that the Israeli forces had hurriedly abandoned the Avivim military base.
RT's video report showed a hastily abandoned and partly destroyed Israeli military base, which made it clear that Hizbullah's operation was highly successful.
At the early stage of the attack there were unconfirmed reports that an Israeli general, in charge of the northern command was also in the APC that Hizbullah destroyed.
When news of Hizbullah's retaliation against the Zionists appeared in the international media, Israel's PR campaign took-off with several contradictions.
At first, the Israelis claimed that an ambulance was hit and no APC was destroyed. Later the Zionist entity admitted destruction of the APC.
Once RT Arabic showed the abandoned Israeli military base after it was hit, Zionist narrative changed again to claim that the base was "evacuated" days ago, even though the video footage showed clear signs of a hasty retreat.
Israelis are deliberately trying to focus on the specific elements of Hizbullah's response in order to conceal the bigger political blow delivered by the resistance movement's military operation.
Since 2006, when Hizbullah fought the Zionist entity to a standstill and scored a major political victory, Lebanon and Israel have had an unwritten agreement to keep the Lebanese-Palestine border calm.
On August 24, the Zionist entity tried to test what would happen if it broke this unwritten rule. The resistance movement delivered a decisive blow.
Hizbullah's response eliminated Israel's monopoly on the use of force and further demonstrated that the Zionist entity can be successfully confronted.
This has demolished Israel's deterrence. It also underscores yet again the humiliatingbehavior of puppet Arabian regimes. They would not dare to even dream of retaliating against Israeli aggression.
It should be noted that it is not the first time that Hizbullah has put Israel in its place since 2006.
In January 2015, Israel tried to upset the established balance by attacking Hizbullah fighters in Syria, but was shown its place by Hizbullah when it eliminated three armed Zionist soldiers.
The latest Hizbullah operation is also a major boost to its image as the only force in the Arab world capable and willing to confront Israel.
The entire NATO-propped cabal of "Islamic" militias, better known as ISIS, formed to attack the Syrian government has never dared to throw a stone at Israel but enthusiastically attacked and murdered fellow Muslims since the 2011 war in Syria was instigated.
LebanonHizbullahIsraelPalestine
Hizbullah: doing more than fighting for the sake of the oppressed
Shameema Ismail
Hundreds dying in Lebanon as Israel seeks to destroy the country and Hizbullah
Zafar Bangash
Lebanese capture of Israeli spy ring reveals details of zionist operations against Hizbullah
Abul Fadl
Responses to Israel's war expose Arab regimes


text:
Q: Почему при столкновении один Rigidbody немного входит в другой? Есть 2 объекта: 1 - Rigidbody2D и Boxcollider, 2 - Boxcollider. Если объектом 1 толкать 2 в какую-либо сторону - все нормально, но как только объект 2 упирается в границу экрана, он останавливается, но объект 1 немного заходит во 2, если продолжать держать клавишу перемещения в нужном направлении. Что сделать, чтобы 1 не заходил во 2?

Это скрипт управления персонажем (если поможет)
using UnityEngine;

public class PlayerController : MonoBehaviour
{
    [SerializeField] private float speed;
    private Rigidbody2D rb;

    void Start()
    {
        rb = GetComponent<Rigidbody2D>();
    }

    void Update()
    {
        Move();
    }

    private void Move()
    {
        var moveInput = new Vector2(Input.GetAxisRaw("Horizontal"),
            Input.GetAxisRaw("Vertical"));
        rb.MovePosition(rb.position + moveInput.normalized * (speed * Time.fixedDeltaTime));
    }
}


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STAMPOMECCANICA has always been very attentive to the maintenance, replacement and upgrade of the precision processing machinery and equipment needed for the production process. They are all set up with the necessary numerical control systems, connected on the network with CAD/CAM workstations.
The equipment fleet includes numerical control systems, such as machining centres, grinding machines, lathes and EDM, which along with highly skilled operators, enables the creation of the most complex dies.
STAMPOMECCANICA guarantees attention to detail and accuracy of dies, with utmost importance for the durability and functionality of dies over the years.


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Archives of Dame Cicely Saunders (1918-2005): Cataloguing the papers of the modern hospice pioneer
~ Cataloguing the papers of Dame Cicely Saunders held at the King's College London archives.
Tag Archives: Modern Hospice
St. Christopher's Hospice: A Space for Dying
Posted by Chris Olver in Guest post
Architecture, Cicely Saunders, Modern Hospice, St Christopher's Hospice
By Dr Avnita Amin
Dr Avnita Amin, was a visiting researcher to the archives who accessed the Saunders collection earlier this year for her MPhil dissertation on the architectural design of St Christopher's Hospice. She kindly agreed to write a shortened piece relating to her research for the blog.
The place of death remains a significant aspect of the process of dying and centres around the home, hospital and hospice. Dame Cicely Saunders (1918-2005) was widely recognised as the founder of the modern Hospice Movement after she instigated the building of St. Christopher's Hospice in Sydenham, South East London.[1] She argued that hospice is a philosophy – a philosophy which "continue[s] to be concerned both with the sophisticated science of our treatments and with the art of our caring, bringing competence alongside compassion."[2] It has been asserted that Saunders did not fully consider how the philosophy of hospice care she pioneered was underpinned by spatial practices[3] – yet an examination of the archival material reveals that, in fact, the geographical site and design of St. Christopher's – the first modern hospice – was at the forefront of her mind. St. Christopher's Hospice was designed to provide a physical space within which, for Saunders, a care based on love and devotion – with its historical religious underpinnings – could be combined with the most up-to-date medical advances in treatment. St. Christopher's was to be a hybrid, specifically "planned as somewhere between a hospital and a home."[4] St. Christopher's was designed to continue the religious tradition of care and compassion whilst also providing facilities for up-to-date medical care and research. It was a unique building that created three main places – community, home and clinical.
The Need for a New Space
Since the nineteenth-century, hospitals were built to be highly functional and efficient spaces, allowing for classification of disease and the role of the bed changed from being a private place to one of increasingly professionalised investigation. This 'clinical gaze'[5] required an increase in levels of hygiene, lighting and observation rather than the traditional notions of rest and comfort and resulted in the concomitant loss of patient dignity, privacy and individual status. The popular 'Nightingale' wards – long, open spaces with thirty beds arranged up and down the room became a standard ward layout of the late nineteenth century and continued to influence hospital design into the twentieth century. [6] Surveys were conducted across different hospitals to provide recommendations on design and layout of the hospital. Increased single-rooms and bathroom facilities were recommended, to facilitate some patient privacy but in the most part, to reduce infection rates, increase flexibility and efficiency of bed space utilisation, "albeit at the expense of nursing ease of patient supervision."[7] In addition, clean and dirty spaces could be better separated and treatment areas could be completely removed from bed areas. Modernist hospital architecture sought to symbolise the modern medicine being practised within the building and focus was on clean lines and natural light through large windows. Hospital design could now offer medicine "an overwhelming improvement in efficiency"[8] and with the growing social and economic demands on the National Health Service, these large, efficient structures that concentrated specialist care to encourage greater throughput of patients, was welcomed. Smaller hospitals were closed down or moved to sites closer to the powerhouse teaching hospitals, which would serve "the whole country rather than just the area they were in."[9] By the late 1950s and early 1960s, hospitals stood as powerful symbols of the curative powers of modern medicine, built to enhance efficiency and, arguably, resulted in the loss of patient dignity and person-centred care. Despite the goals of the new hospital buildings, continued use of older buildings led to provision of subpar care, in spite of skilled nursing. The buildings themselves were too outdated to fulfil the aims of the modern hospital.
Since the late nineteenth-century and early twentieth-century, hospitals also became spaces for the 'medicalisation of death.' Death had traditionally occurred in one's home, surrounded by family and was a public affair. The sick who would previously have been too unwell to have treatment could now be treated in hospital with new technology and modern medicines that had the ability to treat a wider variety of diseases. Yet this enhanced the view that death in the hospital was a 'failure' of medicine. Patients were moved to a private, hidden, space and as death drew near, the medical team would remove itself for there was 'nothing more to be done.'[10] As hospital planning texts of the 1950s indicate, there was little attention paid to providing specific spaces for the dying and if these were needed, ought to be positioned furthest from the nurses' station and main ward, to avoid disturbing or depressing other patients.[11] With further technological advances in medicine came a belief that almost all disease could be cured and the dying became incorporated into this ethos of prolonging life.[12] Yet medicine is, arguably, not just an applied health science in the general pursuit of cure but also a moral enterprise and one which values the individual. The conflict between cure and care came to a fore in the 1950s with voices of discontent on care of the dying appearing in leading medical journals.[13] A new solution was needed – and Saunders' identified the purpose-built hospice as the answer.
The Denmark Hill Site
Fig. 1: Site plan for proposed hospice at Denmark Hill, 1962
"Whatever the type of space, it is through this engagement with, or being engaged by, particular spaces that their status shifts, they are transformed from mere physical areas into places through being endowed with meaning and significance." (my italics)[14]
In describing her design for St. Christopher's, Saunders weaved in observation and personal experience together with the envisaged functions of specific areas as well as the atmosphere she wished to create. By comparing the design description to actual experiences of the final spaces a clearer picture emerges of how successful the design of St. Christopher's was in creating places of meaning for patients, relatives and others. Arguably, one of the most important aspects was the site and what has not been described before is that Saunders was actually offered a plot of land at Denmark Hill, initially planned for hospital development by King's College Hospital, London. This site was acquired in 1904 and the new King's College Hospital was opened in 1913. It joined the National Health Service in 1948, managed by a Board of Governors. During the 1960s, nearby Camberwell Hospitals were consolidated onto the Denmark Hill Site and a new Dental School and maternity block were added.[15]The cheaper site with its ability to share other financial burdens – such as kitchen costs – with the main hospital may have provided a shorter building time and less financial difficulties. Saunders contemplated the site and even had plans drawn up for the design. The site, however, was smaller than Saunders intended, and the close proximity to the Hospital would not have allowed for expansion. Saunders was adamant that the Hospice be outside the National Health Service, as it was a "pioneer project" with a religious foundation and must be free to remain so. Saunders felt that being in the literal shadow of the Hospital would only limit the flexibility and freedom which she envisioned for the Hospice. She herself recognised the need for physical distance from the local hospital, whilst still maintaining contact with it for teaching purposes and still appreciated the necessity of having contractual arrangements with the Health Service to ensure free care for the majority of patients.[16] Had Saunders accepted this site, her vision of a Hospice may have evolved quite differently. Building on the Denmark Hill site meant compromising on the size of the buildings and would have decreased the numbers of patients the hospice could care for and pushed treatment spaces, such as physiotherapy and occupational therapy, into underground spaces. It is interesting to note that at this time, whilst the new modernist approach of 'form reflecting function' was forming the basis for new hospitals within the National Health Service, restrictions of finance, the multiplicity of needs and limited physical space in urban areas led to continual setbacks in design, planning and building. [17] Saunders' active choice to build the Hospice outside the bureaucracy and constrictions of the National Health Service allowed for a flexibility in design and building which were important in creating the philosophy of hospice care that evolved from St. Christopher's and which, had the Hospice been built within the structure of the Health Service, would arguably have evolved differently.[18]
During her time at St. Joseph's Hospice, Saunders worked in the new, purpose-built wing, designed by Peter Smith, architect at Stewart, Hendry and Smith. Opened in 1957, it supplied seventy-five beds to use for the terminally ill, freeing up the older buildings to house those with chronic conditions. It was during construction that Saunders and Smith met and when she began to plan St. Christopher's Hospice, she contacted him to design the building. The design of both Our Lady's Wing at St. Joseph's and St. Christopher's Hospice reflected a new architectural style of modernism which rejected excessive ornamentation but rather followed the idea that 'form follows function', resulting in designs that were intended to be harmonious with their intended purpose. Characteristics of this style were straight lines, geometric forms, metalwork and extensive use of glass and cantilevered elements, such as the indoor 'balcony' at St. Christopher's. [19]
With an emphasis on comfort and homeliness, one may have expected Saunders to have leaned towards a more residential design for St. Christopher's but her choice in architect Peter Smith's plans for a modernist building arguably suited her vision to create a "new English Hospice" that combined an atmosphere of home with modern equipment and a new attitude and medical treatment method for pain relief.[20]
Saunders expanded on the basic design of Our Lady's Wing and envisioned three terminal wards, a mixture of six and four-beds, providing a total of sixteen to twenty beds. In addition, there ought to be three single rooms to provide privacy and intimacy for those in the final stages of dying.[21] Saunders was even more specific – beds were to be placed sideways to maximise space and she emphasised the need for "a feeling of space on entering the ward." A day room was important to encourage patient interaction, which should be "cosy", perhaps with a fireplace. With her experience as a nurse Saunders was aware of the practical needs – cupboards along the passage would be useful and that the bathrooms needed to be bigger to "bring in beds", as well as a shower. Emphasis was also on hygiene and cleanliness – hallmarks of modern medicine but also providing a direct contrast to the squalid conditions described in home death reports[22] – there was to be a sluice at each end of the ward for waste disposal. A nursing station which had a "good view" of all the patients was also necessary, but in contrast to the 'clinical gaze' in hospitals, Saunders was attempting to ensure that nursing needs could be easily identified and facilitated for all patients. This was again in contrast to the commonplace practice in hospitals of the dying being removed to 'hidden' corners of the ward.[23] Lighting was also considered[24]; practical needs dictated the use of fluorescent lighting in main areas, but attention was given to creating a more welcoming atmosphere – tungsten, which provided a warmer, incandescent light, was used for bedheads, in the Chapel and entrance hall.[25] Natural light filled the patient areas through the incorporation of a cantilevered space running the length of the building, providing a "projecting day space to the wards, angled to catch the early sun"[26] – a modernist architectural twist to Saunders' request for a balcony. For privacy, the 'balcony' spaces could be curtained off from the ward. Figure 2 shows some of the curtained four-bed bays and single rooms coming off the enclosed balcony, whilst image 3 shows a four-bed bay. Note the bedside lamps, flowers on the table and the informal, mixed use of the light-filled space – a young visitor reads whilst a patient lies in her bed looking out of the windows. If this was the homely, comfortable environment that Saunders wished to create, then arguably, it was the building's design that facilitated this.
Fig. 2: Cantilevered Day Space, St Christopher's Hospice, Sydenham (1967) in St Christopher's Hospice. Nursing Times. 28th July 1967
Fig. 3. Four-bed ward at St Christopher's Hospice, Sydenham (1967) in St Christopher's Hospice. Nursing Times. 28th July 1967.
As a building can allow one to shelter in space, it can also allow one to shelter in time.[27] In stark contrast to the bleak spaces of contemporary hospitals, St. Christopher's provided "warmth and welcome" and above all, time in the form of beds "without invisible parking meters".[28] In the article celebrating the opening of this new hospice, the subtitle is 'Time to Die' and it is the atmosphere of "leisurely time"; time to talk, carry out nursing tasks unhurriedly and time for the patient to exercise independence, that is emphasised.[29] Saunders wanted to alleviate the crisis of the last stages of life, for this to be a "time of real living, held in the context of the life that both reaches beyond and envelops the everyday world."[30] The purpose-built hospice sought to change the experience of the time close to death – "distress, fear and loneliness will disappear" and a time that can be "so hard or so dreary" would be transformed into one of "peace, security and meaning, a sort of homecoming."[31] Time was given for patients to explore their own feelings through various methods – talking to staff, the Chaplain and even through creative means, such as poetry.[32]
For Saunders, the importance of St. Christopher's as both a spiritual and medical endeavour became solidified as she developed the design and plan of the hospice. In the brochure, a specific section is dedicated to emphasising the modern scientific medicine that will be practiced, and improved, at St. Christopher's.[33] This brochure was used to raise funds and it argued that the coupling of medical with general care made St. Christopher's a unique enterprise worthy of establishment. As outlined in The Need, research into pain and other symptoms specific to the terminally ill was to be an important aspect of the work conducted at St. Christopher's Hospice. To this end, Saunders specifically incorporated a post-mortem room and wrote to the Borough Coroner to ascertain any special requirements he might have.[34] Understandably, the room was not an aspect publicised in the brochure or public appeals.[35] It was built out-of-sight, under the access road to the site. By including this room, Cicely provided the space to conduct evidence-based research – important for a fledgling medical field to gain acceptance and authority in its treatments from medical colleagues and others.[36] Symptom-specific post-mortem studies were conducted after gaining explicit permission from family members and the results provided new insight into the causes of pain in the dying. These studies showed that pain described by patients could be due to more than just the primary cancer – in contrast to what was widely believed – and that pain control should be based on careful assessment of pain to identify the most appropriate medical treatment, be it further surgery or medication.[37] This work was further explored by Dr. Robert Twycross[38] who conducted clinical research into pain at St. Christopher's in the 1970s. The Hospice provided a ready subset of patients for clinical trials, whilst the high standards of the purpose-built facility– matching those of the National Health Service – arguably added credence to any data that was published from the Hospice.
Impact Beyond St. Christopher's
Not only did St. Christopher's influence the building of hospices across Britain but it became the model for the first hospice in the United States – see Figure 4.[39] Architect Lo-Yi Chan was chosen from a number of entrants to design the New Haven Hospice – he stood out because he wished to visit St. Christopher's should he win the assignment. During his visit he spoke to patients at St. Christopher's and witnessed first-hand the community and compassionate atmosphere that underpinned the hospice philosophy. He came away from St. Christopher's wanting to create an "architecture of healing" to provide a "therapeutic environment based on the patient's point of view" – just as Saunders had emphasised multiple times.
From the beginning, Saunders identified St. Christopher's as a building which would provide a sense of comfort, specialised care and up-to-date medical treatment for the specific needs of the dying. By focusing on the design of St. Christopher's in more detail than has been previously done, it is argued that the philosophy of hospice care that was developed in St. Christopher's had a specific spatial underpinning. This was in no small part due to Saunders herself, who envisioned in great detail and with great accuracy the final building and its wards, the bed layout, the need for flexible spaces to encourage both interaction and privacy. Architect Peter Smith provided a modernist interpretation of her ideas, a notable example of being the cantilevered day space with curtains which could provide a walkway of open space, or separate wards and rooms for privacy. St. Christopher's truly was a hybrid building between a home and hospital – it succeeded in providing a domestic environment to create a sense of community and individuality whilst also maintaining a strong association with the tenets of research found in modern scientific medicine. The lasting impact of St. Christopher's lies, not on its building design, which had minimal architectural value, but on the place created, the atmosphere it fostered and the sense of community. This was a community of the staff, linked with a community of the patients (who also provided support for each other) and spreading wider into the local neighbourhood – links with teaching hospitals to spread the hospice philosophy.
So, can a building make a difference? For Saunders it was a necessary part of the hospice philosophy:
Yes, of course, a building can help…A good building can make a difference to the backs and feet of the staff and to the patients' spirits. Beauty is very healing. It makes patients see that the creation to which they also belong is good – it can be trusted.[40]
Fig. 4: "Designing a better place to die", New York, (1978): 43-49
[1] Lewis, Medicine, 6-11; The term 'modern' has been applied to this particular hospice movement to discuss the worldwide changes to care of the dying and proliferation of hospices from the 1970s onwards. As far as the author can tell, this term was not instigated by Saunders herself, but rather applied retrospectively.
[2] Cicely Saunders, Dorothy H. Summers, and Neville Teller. Hospice: The Living Idea (London: Edward Arnold, 1981), p4.
[3] McGann, Production, p5.
[4] Cicely Saunders. "St. Christopher's Hospice." In Transcript of speech given at the completion of building work, London, 1966. Box 7. Progress Reports: 1963-66. 1/2/10. King's College London Archives.
[5] Foucault, Michel. The Birth of the Clinic (Abingdon: Routledge, 1973), xv.
[6] Thompson,J. and Goldin,G, The Hospital: A Social and Architectural History (Yale: Yale University Press, 1975), 30
[7] Ibid, 29-31
[8] RIBA Joint Committee on the Orientation of Buildings, "The orientation of buildings" (London:RIBA, 1933), 3.; Hughes, "Matchbox", 28.
[9] "The Cabinet Papers – Origins of the NHS," last modified March 19, 2012, http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/cabinetpapers/alevelstudies/origins-nhs.htm.
[10] Philippe Aries, The Hour of Our Death: The Classic History of Western Attitudes Towards Death over the Last One Thousand Year, trans. H. Weaver (New York: Knopf, 1981), 560-571.
[11] McGann, Production, 19. Discussing "Charles, Butler and Addison Erdman. Hospital Planning (New York: F. W. Dodge corporation, 1946), 154".
[12] Lewis, Medicine, 79.
[13] Lewis, Medicine, 124-125.
[14] Maddrell and Sidaway, Deathscapes, 3.
[15] "A history of King's – King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust," last modified June 26, 2014 https://www.kch.nhs.uk/centenary/a-history-of-kings.
[16] Ibid., 3.
[17] Hughes, "Matchbox", 21-51.
[18] Du Boulay 200-226. The hospice philosophy developed at St. Christopher's spread across Britain, worldwide and resulted in the transfer of this philosophy of care of the dying to four new spaces – the inpatient hospice unit, the special terminal care ward in a hospital, home care and the hospital support team.
[19] Ken Worpole, Modern Hospice Design:, 7 and Verdeber Refuerzo, Innovations in Hospice Architecture, 29
[20] Smith, Peter. "A New English Hospice". [Report ], Box 7. Progress reports: 1963-66. 1/2/10. London: King's London Archives.
[21] Saunders, Hospice: The Living Idea, 45
[22] See cit 26
[24] Saunders, Cicely. "Letter to Smith". [Letter], Box 7. 1/2/4. London: King's London Archives.Saunders wanted to have a "nice diffuse light".
[25] Smith, P.A New English Hospice. and Hughes, "Matchbox", 32. – The Hospice design eschewed the contemporary trend towards artificial light and mechanical ventilation in the newly-designed Health Service hospitals.
[26] Smith. A New English Hospice. 4
[27] Ken Worpole, Modern Hospice Design: The Architecture of Palliative Care (New York: Routledge, 2009), p264.
Worpole. Modern Hospice Design. Kindle Edition. Location 264.
[28] Cicely Saunders. "St. Christopher's Hospice." In Transcript of speech given at the completion of building work, London, 1966. Box 7. Progress Reports: 1963-66. 1/2/10. King's College London Archives.
[29] Cicely Saunders "St Christopher's Hospice," Nursing Times 28 July 1967: 1.
[32] Sidney Reeman, "Declaration of Dependence," in St. Christopher's In Celebration: Twenty-one years at Britain's first modern hospice, ed. Cicely Saunders (London: Hodder and Stoughton, 1988), 58-62..
[33] St. Christopher's Hospice. "St. Christopher's Hospice brochure". Annual Reports 1/2/31. King's College London Archives.
[34]Saunders, Cicely. "Letter to the Coroner's Office". [Letter], Box 7. 1/2/92. London: King's College London Archives.
[35] St. Christopher's Hospice. St. Christopher's Hospice (brochure). 1966.
[36] Overy and Tansey, Palliative Medicine, 38-40. The medical field that arose out of the hospice movement is now known as Palliative Medicine.
[37] R. L. Carter, "The role of limited symptom-directed autopsies in terminal malignant disease," Palliative medicine 1 (1987): 31-36.
[38] Clark, David, "The rise and demise of the 'Brompton cocktail'," in Opoids and pain relief: a historical perspective. Progress in Pain Research and Management, Vol. 25, ed. M. L. Meldrum, (Seattle: IASP Press), 85-98. Dr Robert Twycross joined St. Christopher's as a Clinical Research Fellow in 1968.
[39] Kron, J, "Designing a better place to die," New York, (1978) : 43-49
[40] Kron, J. "Designing a better place to die," New York, (1978) : 49
Patient Transcripts


Unending European charm and elegance await you in Strasbourg. The capital of France's Alsace region is the perfect place to visit, no matter how short your break.
The capital of France's Alsace region and located close to the German border, Strasbourg is a wonderful melting pot of cultures. Its city centre, the Grande Ile, was given UNESCO World Heritage recognition in 1988 and is bursting at the seams with historical sights. The city has changed hands many times, once belonging to the Romans, and then the Germans before being declared a free Republic, only to be returned to France following the First World War.
Strasbourg is the seat of the Council of Europe and houses the European Court of Human Rights, as well as a host of other institutions, giving it a distinctly international flavour. Situated on the Ill River which joins the Rhine, the city has plenty of greenery to enjoy even though industry and urbanisation have been key to its success. Kyriad Strasbourg Nord - Palais Des Congres has all the comforts you need to enjoy this unique part of France.
Only staying for a couple days ? The gothic Notre Dame Cathedral is a must-see, so start your trip by climbing the 332 steps to the top and getting a birds-eye view of the city. Then stroll into the Petite France district, where you can see the Covered Bridges and the Vauban Dam. Relax in the Botanical Gardens or enjoy some retail therapy at the Galeries Lafayette. For a quirky tour, reserve a ticket to explore the city's Kronenburg Breweries.
If you're luckily enough to spend a week in Strasbourg, spend some time in the Musée de l'Œuvre Notre-Dame, right next to the cathedral or some of the city's other museums – all offer free entry on the first Sunday of the month. Have a look at the Kammerzell House, where 15th century merchants used to sell their wares. Stop at the Synagogue de la Paix before moving on to the Palais Rohan, which houses three museums.
For some family fun in Strasbourg, visit the le Vaisseau, a science and technology centre built for kids. The 19th century planetarium is sure to fascinate visitors of all ages and the Secrets of Chocolate Museum offers everyone a delicious treat. For a really memorable time, visit the Europa Leisure Park in Rust, Germany – only 30 minutes from Strasbourg, or the Natura Parc, only 5 minutes outside the city.
Strasbourg is easy to visit, with its own airport and train connections to Paris, Germany and Switzerland. The city can be explored through its extensive tram network and is complemented by many pedestrian and cycle paths. Kyriad Strasbourg Nord - Palais Des Congresis situated just opposite the tram stop Futura Glacière and is only 10 minutes away from the TGV train station.
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There is always something to do in Strasbourg, making it an exciting destination to visit, whatever time of year. The International Music Festival is the oldest in France and takes place over two weeks in June. Focusing on classical music and hosting a number of renowned conductors and performers, it is not to be missed.
Legend has it that the Notre Dame Cathedral is built on piles of wood sinking into an underground lake, on which a boat would roam around – unoccupied by anyone. The oars of the boat could supposedly be heard around the cathedral and access to the lake was from the cellar of a house opposite.


ARCADIA, Calif. (AP) Stellar Wind won the $200,000 Summertime Oaks by a nose under Triple Crown-winning jockey Victor Espinoza on Saturday at Santa Anita.
The 3-year-old daughter of Curlin ran 1 1/16 miles in 1:42.53 to remain undefeated in three starts at the track. Stellar Wind paid $2.80, $2.20 and $2.10 as the heavy 2-5 favorite. She was coming off a fourth-place finish in the Kentucky Oaks on May 1.
Tara's Tango returned $3.80 and $2.80 in her graded stakes debut under Hall of Famer Mike Smith, while Conquest Curlgirl was another 3 1/4 lengths back in third and paid $3.60 to show.
Stellar Wind carried five pounds more than the 118 pounds assigned to the rest of the field.
The victory, worth $120,000, increased Stellar Wind's career earnings to $493,200, with four wins in six starts for trainer John Sadler.
In the $75,000 Singletary Stakes for 3-year-olds, Soul Driver won by 4 1/2 lengths.
Ridden by Hall of Famer Gary Stevens, Soul Driver ran one mile on turf in 1:35.60 and paid $9.20, $4.80 and $3.40.
Zinvor returned $4 and $3.20, while Seve's Road was another neck back in third and paid $5.40 to show.


text:
Q: Put, in matrix form: $t_i=\sum_{j=1}^n \frac{w_j-w_i}{1+e^{-(x_i-x_j)}}$, $\forall i=1,2,...,n$ I have the set of equalities
$$t_i=\sum_{j=1}^n \frac{w_j-w_i}{1+e^{-(x_i-x_j)}}, \ \ \forall i=1,2,...,n$$
and I try to write them in a more concise form. I tried to do so:
$$t_i=\sum_{j=1}^n \frac{w_j}{1+e^{-(x_i-x_j)}}-w_i\sum_{j=1}^n \frac{1}{1+e^{-(x_i-x_j)}}, \ \ \forall i=1,2,...,n$$
that is:
$$t_i=\sum_{j=1}^n a_{ij} w_j-w_i\sum_{j=1}^n a_{ij}, \ \ \forall i=1,2,...,n$$
$$\Rightarrow \ d_i=[A\ w]_i-[D\ w]_i, \ \ \forall i=1,2,...,n$$
where $A$ is the $n\times n$ matrix with entries $a_{ij}=\frac{1}{1+e^{-(x_i-x_j)}}$, $D$ the $n\times n$ matrix whose i-th diagonal entry is $d_i=\sum_{j=1}^n a_{ij}$. Therefore, we have the following matrix relationship
$$t=(A-D)w$$
Could you tell me if my procedure is correct, please? Or you would have done otherwise?
Thanks in advance.


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text:
Laura Bohannan (née Laura Marie Altman Smith), (1922 – March 19, 2002) pen name Elenore Smith Bowen, was an American cultural anthropologist best known for her 1966 article, "Shakespeare in the Bush."  Bohannan also wrote two books during the 1960s, Tiv Economy, with her husband, and Return to Laughter, a novel. These works were based on her travels and work in Africa between 1949 and 1953.

Early life
Bohannan's undergraduate education was at the University of Arizona, where she met her husband Paul J. Bohannan. They married May 15, 1943. In 1951 Bohannan received her doctorate from Oxford University.

Tiv
Off and on from 1949 to 1953 Bohannan and her husband lived among the Tiv tribe of central Nigeria. They would be the subject of her major works.

"Shakespeare in the Bush" is often anthologized because of its subject matter and unique perspective. Bohannan, while living in a small village in Nigeria, attempts to tell the story of Hamlet to a group of villagers.  The cultural and language barriers between the two parties result in an entirely different telling of this most famous of English plays, with her audience left puzzling over Westerners' inability to understand their own literature. Thus, the essay is often used by students of anthropology, linguistics, and literary theory as a means of understanding how perspective affects perception and expectation.

Return to Laughter, which she wrote under the name Elenore Smith Bowen, remains a well-reviewed work, and it is based on Bohannan's fieldwork in Nigeria. Bohannan used a pseudonym for this book, presumably because she felt its popular tone and autobiographical format were inappropriate for her professional reputation. Bohannan's pseudonym was composed in part from her mother's first name, "Elenore", and her own maiden name "Smith". However, many reviews of Return to Laughter noted it as her work, and later editions were published without the pseudonym.

Other works written about the Tiv include Tiv Economy, for which Bohannan and her husband received the Herskovits Prize in 1969.

Assessment and later life
Bohannan is also part of a small school of women whose studies in anthropology were initially rejected because of their holistic (and sometimes personal) approach and style.  Other women in this school of early ethnographers include Zora Neale Hurston.

From 1970 to 1973 Bohannan was the editor of American Anthropologist. She and her husband divorced in 1975; they had had one son, Denis. She retired in 1990. On March 19, 2002, she died in her home of a heart attack.

Selected publications
Bohannan, Laura (1949) "Dahomean Marriage: A Revaluation" Africa: Journal of the International African Institute 19(4):  pp. 273–287
Bohannan, Laura (1952) "A Genealogical Charter" Africa: Journal of the International African Institute 22(4): pp. 301–315
Bohannan, Laura (1966) "Shakespeare in the Bush. An American anthropologist set out to study the Tiv of West Africa and was taught the true meaning of Hamlet" Natural History 75: pp. 28–33

References

Chicago Tribune obituary

External links
Return to Laughter
Shakespeare in the Bush

American women anthropologists
1922 births
2002 deaths
University of Arizona alumni
University of Chicago faculty
University of Illinois Chicago faculty
20th-century American women scientists
20th-century American scientists
20th-century American anthropologists
American women academics
American Anthropologist editors
Alumni of the University of Oxford
American expatriates in England
Presidents of the African Studies Association