Thank you. I have definitely enjoyed the read. I find myself making analogies about living language, dead language, and language miserably trodden underfoot. Your article reminds me English is still alive and growing.
I enjoyed this very much, Rod. Thank you. The Queen's language is a tough language to master, and I often wonder if I ever will. It's an honour to try. Bet you can tell where I reside.
I thought you might be Canadian, Joylene but I confess to cheating and looking you up to make sure.


This wasn't an actual race but it was totally worthy of being added. I've run with the Pasadena Pacers since September. They are a great group and I jumped at the chance to represent them in an official race. I had floated around the group depending on how many miles I wanted to run any given day but 10 mile challenge was an important event for me. It would be the longest run I've done and a great way to measure how far I've come.
Before we set off coach Wende called all the 10 mi challenge people into the spotlight during our stretch. The +50 strong Pacers group cheered us and Wende told us while she wasn't running that day (she had the Rock 'n' Roll Los Angeles Half-Marathon the next day) she would be showing up a few times along the course to cheer us along. The Half-Marathon group volunteered to set the pace for us and lead us through an awesome warm up. It was on.
I was doing this run without music since I did not know the entire route and needed to be able to hear the interval call outs. I ran by myself for the first mile, preferring to take the trail route along the Rose Bowl. I met up with the lead pack at the first hill… thankfully I had run up the hill the previous Tuesday as part of the hills training group. I knew I could take this hill. I charged up it and kept pace with the lead pack. This pack consisted of some of our best runners. I was quite thankful they were taking it easy on us. While they had the energy to talk I was just focused on getting through this.
2 Miles Down! Still feeling fine. Wende is ready with her boom-box and camera after the first hill and she cheers us on. She is the best coach I've had! We catch up to some runners from the Korean-American Running Team (KART) and exchange hellos. Always nice to see other groups out there. When we came up around a bend I was able to look down at the Rose Bowl. Quite a view but my fingers were beginning to feel a bit numb. It was another sunny, but cold, Pasadena morning. I focused on the long ascent ahead… Running with the lead pack is starting to take its toll as I fall back a few paces. At this point I spot JPL.
3 Miles Down! The climb continues but I am starting to feel loose. That hills training really helped me get over the mental block of steady gains. We spot Wende one last time and she reminds us we are near the turn around.
4 Miles Down! The lead pack splits off and I soon realize I am the leader now. I ask them which way to go and head off into the winding streets… yeah I totally get lost. Unfortunately, two other Pacers who were new to the group were following me. We decide to wait for the pack and I finally get a breather in. AT this point I'm feeling good enough to just run the remaining distance. A few others catch up and tell us to continue down the street and we will know when the turn around is… off we go!
4.5 Miles Down! I spot the group founder and another Pacer veteran at the turn around and… we run right past them. Only after running a few more feet did we stop to think if that was the turn around. We ask and it was. Around this point Jennifer catches up to us. I met her a few weeks ago. She is recovering from injuries but is an established marathoner. I decide to keep pace with her.
5 Miles Down! Jennifer and I talk about why we joined the group and how our training has gone. She asks me a few times if the pace is alright. While I am starting to feel tried, I knew I could keep up with the pace. The rest of the route is, literally, all downhill from here. We continue just running for the finish.
6 Miles Down! Finally having someone to talk to is a blessing. While I do spend more energy talking to her, the conversation is interesting and she is keeping track of our speed.
7 Miles Down! We spot JPL and the Rose Bowl. It has been an hour since I last saw the two… still feeling good.
8 Miles Down! Two of the Half-Marathoners run right past us. I knew they were holding back. Jennifer again asks if I am still good with the pace. My legs were starting to complain but I was not going to let that stop me from finishing strong. We run on.
9 Miles Down! We catch up the Rose Bowl loop crowd. Having to dodge walkers/strollers/bikers is no easy task on tired legs. Jennifer encourages me to continue running since we are only a mile out.
10. Miles. COMPLETED! I run towards Wende and tell her I did it! She is surprised to see us come in so soon and quickly grabs her medals and cow bell. Yes a cow bell. She is ringing the bell while announcing to the other pacers that I just completed the 10 mile challenge. I am tired but proud. I thank Jennifer for keeping me motivated and being wonderful company. I receiving a few high-fives and make my way to the food. Carbs! I need carbs! I down a few cups of apple juice and chow down on 1.5 bagels. I keep myself from eating more.
Awesome hand-made medal by Coach Wende. My favorite medal of all.
I stick around long enough to see the rest of the group finish. I am still amazed I was able to finish so quickly. I now KNOW I will finish my first half-marathon. But I try not to get ahead of myself as the Rock 'n' Roll Los Angeles Mini-Marathon is just 24 hours away.


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Fall Registration Info - Now With Saturday Kickball!
Big Apple Kickball now on SATURDAYS too!
Double the Kickball! New Saturday League & Registration Information!
Registration information for Spring 2015 seasons of Big Apple Dodgeball and Kickball.
Announcing the first-ever Kickball Thanksgiving Mini-Tournament!
You're not alone; we're going through withdrawal as well. But we have a temporary fix.
Congrats to The Heathers for winning the 2014 Fall Kickball Tournament!


I believe in learning through practical engagement. Using song and simple games to help a student soak up as much information as possible. I can tutor primary school (from age 4) up to key stage 3 children. I am DBS checked and have experience inside a school classroom, giving me an excellent range of teaching techniques that I have picked up from teachers that I shadowed. I am looking for work over this final school term and throughout the summer holidays.
I have an A grade catering GCSE as well as 3 years experience working in kitchens, I have taken part in performing arts my whole life and have a Btec level 3 in performing arts in which I achieved a distinction. I have taken and passed the professional skills numeracy and literacy tests that are required of training teachers and have achieved a GCSE grade B in both subjects. For all of which I can provide official certificates.


the filter even blocks "games"
then follow links to cbbc, they have some fun games. try the squirrel one!
"doomsday project", which intially sounded awesome.
Yeah, megacruel. Get off the internet and do some proper writing, you heathen!
I was told to look up the "cia world fact book" about the UK, then draw a population diagram.
Instead I just looked for space invaders.
telling us the uk is slightly smaller than Oregon.
sonic and tetris all embedded in an excel file. It's a lifesaver.


text:
Q: ThumbImage is not proper in UISlider I am using a UISlider in my application to show the download progress.I am facing a issue which is strange and occuring only in landscape mode.
Prob:

I could see a line behind the thumb image of UISlider which is a transparent glowish image.
below are the images:
 min Image
  Max Image

Below is the code:
 [downloadProgress setMinimumTrackImage:[[UIImage imageNamed:@"progess_bar_black_left.png"] resizableImageWithCapInsets:UIEdgeInsetsMake(0, 20, 0, 0)] forState:UIControlStateNormal];

            [downloadProgress setMaximumTrackImage:[[UIImage imageNamed:@"progess_bar_black_right.png"] resizableImageWithCapInsets:UIEdgeInsetsMake(0, 0, 0, 20)] forState:UIControlStateNormal];
    [downloadProgress setThumbImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"glow.png"]
forState:UIControlStateNormal];

I have checked the frames of the UISlider and it is same in both Orientations.
It is surprising to know that the issue is occuring only in landscape mode.
Has anyone faced a issue similar to this.If so i please help me in sorting out the issue.
Tnx in advance.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Box Talks: BAME Game Special with Kwame Kwaten
London College of Creative Media | £5
Music Box,
241 Union Street,
SE1 0LR
London College of Creative Media (LCCM) has announced that its next Box Talks event, '#BOX5-BAME Game Special', will take place on Wednesday 26th February at LCCM's The Music Box campus.
The BAME Game Special will be led by Kwame Kwaten, Vice-chair of the Music Manager Forum (MMF), industry luminary and record producer. His flagship 'BAME (Black, Asian and Minority Ethnic) Game' panel will also feature special guests Cookie Pryce and Jasmine Dotiwala.
The BAME Game Special is aimed at those who want to pursue a career in the creative industries – artists, marketing, management, instrumentalists or media roles.
Kwame, Cookie and Jasmine will explain the music and entertainment industries, and discuss their personal experiences from a British BAME perspective, being totally 'real' about the highs, lows and what to look out for. Previous 'BAME Game' guest speakers who they've worked with include Prince, Jay Z, Mariah Carey, Skepta, Stormzy and Starley.
Cookie Pryce will offer her expertise to LCCM students. As a former recording artist and member of the UK hip hop group The Cookie Crew, and now Senior Label Manager at the music industry's leading independent distributor The Orchard, Cookie has a great deal of experience to share.
Jasmine Dotiwala is a director, broadcaster and columnist with an acclaimed reputation in the media for breaking fresh British talent. As a special guest for LCCM, she has worked as head of MTV News, MTV Base and Channel 4/T4 Music Specials across her illustrious career.
Kwame Kwaten said:
"The BAME Game talks came about because we regularly meet as professionals and talk off-record about how we got here as well as how navigating your way through the business is often as important as the end result.
"In discussing it openly, we learn about ways in which we can help ourselves and those around us to climb and avoid industry pitfalls. We're all part of the music and entertainment industries but we all need to help each other in this BAME Game. If you work with a BAME person or are a BAME person you need to be at this talk – it will free you."
JD Donovan, LCCM's Creative Industries Liaison and programmer of Box Talks, commented: "It's a thrill to be able to welcome Kwame, Cookie and Jasmine for #BOX5. They are all industry powerhouses who have so much good advice to share with our attendees".
General Admission £5. £3 For college, sixth form or university students (with a valid Student ID). Free for LCCM students with code 'LCCMSTUDENT'
Door open at 6.30 PM.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Marius "Maurice" Gallay (* 25. Dezember 1902 in Eaux-Vives; † 15. August 1982 in Marseille) war ein französischer Fußballspieler.

Vereinskarriere
Gallay wurde in der französischsprachigen Schweiz geboren und begann bei den Genfer Vereinen FC Genève und Servette FC Genève mit dem Fußballspielen. 1921 ging er nach Frankreich und schloss sich dort Lyon Olympique Universitaire an. Dem Verein blieb er jedoch nur für ein Jahr treu, da er anschließend das Fußballspielen zeitweise zugunsten des Ruderns aufgab. 1924 begann er hingegen wieder damit und wurde in die Mannschaft des FC Cette aufgenommen. Cette zählte zu den stärksten Vereinen Frankreichs, wenngleich es damals noch keine landesweite Liga gab. 1925 wechselte der linke Flügelspieler zu Olympique Marseille. Mit seinem neuen Verein spielte er im Pokalwettbewerb eine gute Rolle und trug mit drei Treffern bei einem 5:0-Halbfinalsieg gegen Stade Français dazu bei, dass der Einzug ins französische Pokalendspiel 1926 gelang. In diesem besiegten Gallay und seine Mitspieler die AS Valentigney, womit der Linksaußen erstmals einen nationalen Titel gewann. Im Pokalfinale 1927 glückte durch ein 3:0 gegen die US Quevilly die Titelverteidigung, wozu Gallay das Tor zum 2:0-Zwischenstand beitrug. In den darauffolgenden Jahren konnte man an diese Erfolge zwar nicht anknüpfen, doch 1929 wurde Marseille französischer Amateurmeister.

Mit der Division 1 wurde 1932 eine frankreichweite erste Liga eingeführt. Diese begründete den Profifußball in Frankreich und umfasste auch Galleys Verein Olympique Marseille. Der Linksaußen stand auf dem Platz, als seine Mannschaft am 11. September 1932 mit einem 2:1-Sieg gegen Olympique Lille in den Wettbewerb startete. In der Anfangsphase der Saison 1932/33 war er Stammspieler, wurde jedoch zuletzt am achten Spieltag gegen den Club Français aufgeboten und anschließend nicht weiter berücksichtigt. Bis dahin hatte er insgesamt sieben Erstligapartien bestritten und einen Treffer erzielt. 1934 kehrte er dem Verein den Rücken und wechselte zum Amateurklub Crédit Lyonnais Marseille, um dort eine Rolle als Spielertrainer wahrzunehmen.

Nationalmannschaft
Kurz vor seinem ersten Pokalsieg mit Marseille erreichte Gallay am 11. April 1926 mit 23 Jahren sein Debüt für die französische Nationalelf. Im Anschluss daran wurde er regelmäßig aufgeboten, wobei er ausschließlich an Freundschaftsspielen mitwirkte. Nachdem seine Länderspiellaufbahn mit einem 4:3-Sieg gegen Belgien begann und auch die nachfolgenden beiden Spiele unter seiner Mitwirkung gewonnen wurden, erlebte er in allen darauffolgenden Partien nur noch Unentschieden und Niederlagen. Einige Resultate fielen extrem deutlich aus, so verlor Gallay mit den Franzosen 1927 zunächst 0:6 gegen England und wenige Wochen später sogar mit 1:13 gegen Ungarn. Sein letztes Länderspiel bestritt er am 26. Mai 1929 erneut gegen Belgien; es endete mit einer 1:4-Niederlage. In der Gesamtbilanz konnte Gallay 13 A-Länderspiele aufweisen und dabei einen Treffer erzielen.

Einzelnachweise

Fußballnationalspieler (Frankreich)
Fußballspieler (Servette FC)
Fußballspieler (Olympique Marseille)
Franzose
Geboren 1902
Gestorben 1982
Mann

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Current career opportunities at the Kings Mountain Energy Center can be viewed a here.
Thank you for your interest in learning more about the Kings Mountain Energy Center. We will respond to you as soon as we can!


Consider how Van Soelen & Associates, LLC could either assist building leaders in agenda creation and retreat development or could co-facilitate meetings or events. Inclusive in this experience are quarterly development meetings with other building leaders that wish to learn together and a monthly phone call.
We are working so hard for teachers to collaborate that it is now glaring that our leaders do not.
As a building leader, I just need someone external to coach me through occasional rough patches.
I struggle with building meaningful agendas for the meetings I know I need to have, so instead of tackling the tougher conversations and subsequent actions, we just check off the easy work.
Isolationism has been documented among teachers for almost forty years (Lortie, 1975) but educational leaders may even have a more secluded existence. Even in larger schools with an administrative team, an external voice can call assumptions of the group and assure high-quality work products and decisions. Van Soelen & Associates, LLC has served as an external voice to building leaders for over a decade.
Copyright 2013. Van Soelen & Associates, LLC. All rights reserved.


text:
NCERT Solutions for Class 9th Science Chapter 9 : Force and Laws of Motion
CBSE NCERT Solutions for Class 9th Science Chapter 9 : Force and Laws of Motion . NCERT Class 9 Science Solutions for Chapter 9. Class IX Science Solutions NCERT
In Text Questions
1. Which of the following has more inertia: (a) a rubber ball and a stone of the same size? (b) a bicycle and a train? (c) a five-rupees coin and a one-rupee coin?
Inertia is the measure of the mass of the body. The greater is the mass of the body; the greater is its inertia and vice-versa.
(a) Mass of a stone is more than the mass of a rubber ball for the same size. Hence, inertia of the stone is greater than that of a rubber ball.
(b) Mass of a train is more than the mass of a bicycle. Hence, inertia of the train is greater than that of the bicycle.
(c) Mass of a five rupee coin is more than that of a one-rupee coin. Hence, inertia of the five rupee coin is greater than that of the one-rupee coin.
2. In the following example, try to identify the number of times the velocity of the ball changes:
"A football player kicks a football to another player of his team who kicks the football towards the goal. The goalkeeper of the opposite team collects the football and kicks it towards a player of his own team".
Also identify the agent supplying the force in each case.
The velocity of football changes four times.
First, when a football player kicks to another player, second when that player kicks the football to the goalkeeper. Third when the goalkeeper stops the football. Fourth when the goalkeeper kicks the football towards a player of his own team.
Agent supplying the force:
→ First case – First player
→ Second case – Second player
→ Third case – Goalkeeper
→ Fourth case – Goalkeeper
3. Explain why some of the leaves may get detached from a tree if we vigorously shake its branch.
Some leaves of a tree get detached when we shake its branches vigorously because branches comes in motion while the leaves tend to remain at rest due to inertia of rest.
4. Why do you fall in the forward direction when a moving bus brakes to a stop and fall backwards when it accelerates from rest?
In a moving bus, a passenger moves with the bus due to inertia of motion. As the driver applies brakes, the bus comes to rest. But, the passenger tries to maintain to inertia of motion. As a result, a forward force is exerted on him.
Similarly, the passenger tends to fall backwards when the bus accelerates from rest because when the bus accelerates, the inertia of rest of the passenger tends to oppose the forward motion of the bus. Hence, the passenger tends to fall backwards when the bus accelerates forward.
1. If action is always equal to the reaction, explain how a horse can pull a cart.
A horse pushes the ground in the backward direction. According to Newton's third law of motion, a reaction force is exerted by the Earth on the horse in the forward direction. As a result, the cart moves forward.
2. Explain, why is it difficult for a fireman to hold a hose, which ejects large amounts of water at a high velocity.
When a fireman holds a hose, which is ejecting large amounts of water at a high velocity, then a reaction force is exerted on him by the ejecting water in the backward direction. This is because of Newton's third law of motion. As a result of the backward force, the stability of the fireman
decreases. Hence, it is difficult for him to remain stable while holding the hose.
3. From a rifle of mass 4 kg, a bullet of mass 50 g is fired with an initial velocity of 35 m s−1. Calculate the initial recoil velocity of the rifle.
Mass of the rifle, m1= 4 kg
Mass of the bullet, m2= 50g= 0.05 kg
Recoil velocity of the rifle= v1
Bullet is fired with an initial velocity, v2= 35m/s
Initially, the rifle is at rest.
Thus, its initial velocity, v= 0
Total initial momentum of the rifle and bullet system= (m1+m2)v= 0
Total momentum of the rifle and bullet system after firing:
= m1v1 + m2v2= 0.05 × 35= 4v1 + 1.75
According to the law of conservation of momentum:
Total momentum after the firing = Total momentum before the firing 4v1 + 1.75= 0
v1= -1.75 / 4= -0.4375 m/s
The negative sign indicates that the rifle recoils backwards with a velocity of 0.4375 m/s.
4. Two objects of masses 100 g and 200 g are moving along the same line and direction with velocities of 2 m s−1 and 1 m s−1, respectively. They collide and after the collision, the first object moves at a velocity of 1.67 m s−1. Determine the velocity of the second object.
Mass of one of the objects, m1 = 100 g = 0.1 kg
Mass of the other object, m2 = 200 g = 0.2 kg
Velocity of m1 before collision, v1= 2 m/s
Velocity of m1 after collision, v3= 1.67 m/s
Velocity of m2 after collision= v4
Total momentum before collision = Total momentum after collision
Therefore, m1v1 + m2v2 = m1v3 + m2v4
2(0.1) + 1(0.2) = 1.67(0.1) + v4(0.2)
0.4 = 0.167 + 0.2v4
v4= 1.165 m/s
Hence, the velocity of the second object becomes 1.165 m/s after the collision.
Excercises
1. An object experiences a net zero external unbalanced force. Is it possible for the object to be travelling with a non-zero velocity? If yes, state the conditions that must be placed on the magnitude and direction of the velocity. If no, provide a reason.
Yes, an object may travel with a non-zero velocity even when the net external force on it is zero. A rain drop falls down with a constant velocity. The weight of the drop is balanced by the up thrust and the velocity of air. The net force on the drop is zero.
2. When a carpet is beaten with a stick, dust comes out of it. Explain.
When the carpet is beaten, it is suddenly set into motion. The dust particles tend to remain at rest due to inertia of rest, therefore the dust comes out of it.
3. Why is it advised to tie any luggage kept on the roof of a bus with a rope?
When a bust starts suddenly, the lower part of the luggage kept on the roof being in contact with the bus begins to move forward with the speed of bus, but the upper part tends to remain at rest due to inertia of rest. Therefore, the upper part is left behind and hence luggage falls backward. So, it is advised to tie any luggage kept on the roof of a bus with a rope.
4. A batsman hits a cricket ball which then rolls on a level ground. After covering a short distance, the ball comes to rest. The ball slows to a stop because
(a) the batsman did not hit the ball hard enough.
(b) velocity is proportional to the force exerted on the ball.
(c) there is a force on the ball opposing the motion.
(d) there is no unbalanced force on the ball, so the ball would want to come to rest.
The ball slows down and comes to rest due to opposing forces of air resistance and frictional force on the ball opposing its motion. Therefore the choice (c) there is a force on the ball opposing the motion is correct.
5. A truck starts from rest and rolls down a hill with a constant acceleration. It travels a distance of 400 m in 20 s. Find its acceleration. Find the force acting on it if its mass is 7 metric tonnes (Hint: 1 metric tonne = 1000 kg).
Initial velocity, u = 0
Distance travelled, s = 400 m
Time taken, t = 20 s
We know, s = ut + ½ at2
Or, 400 = 0 + ½ a (20)2
Or, a = 2 ms–2
Now, m = 7 MT = 7000 kg, a = 2 ms–2
Or, F = ma = 7000 × 2 = 14000 N Ans.
6. A stone of 1 kg is thrown with a velocity of 20 m s−1 across the frozen surface of a lake and comes to rest after travelling a distance of 50 m. What is the force of friction between the stone and the ice?
Initial velocity of the stone, u= 20 m/s
Final velocity of the stone, v= 0
Distance covered by the stone, s= 50 m
Since, v2 – u2
2 = 2as,
Or, 0 – 202 = 2a × 50,
Or, a = – 4 ms-2
Force of friction, F = ma = – 4N
7. A 8000 kg engine pulls a train of 5 wagons, each of 2000 kg, along a horizontal track. If the engine exerts a force of 40000 N and the track offers a friction force of 5000 N, then calculate:
(a) the net accelerating force;
(b) the acceleration of the train; and
(c)the force of wagon 1 on wagon 2.
(a) Force exerted by the engine, F = 40000 N
Frictional force offered by the track, Ff = 5000 N
Net accelerating force, Fa = F − Ff = 40000 − 5000 = 35000 N
Hence, the net accelerating force is 35000 N.
(b) Acceleration of the train = a
The engine exerts a force of 40000 N on all the five wagons.
Net accelerating force on the wagons, Fa = 35000 N
Mass of the wagons, m = Mass of a wagon x Number of wagons
Mass of a wagon = 2000 kg
Number of wagons = 5
∴ m = 2000 × 5 = 10000 kg
Total mass, M = m = 10000 kg
From Newton's second law of motion:
Fa= Ma
a=Fam = 35000 10000 = 3.5 ms-2
Hence, the acceleration of the wagons and the train is 3.5 m/s2.
(c) Mass of all the wagons except wagon 1 is 4 × 2000 = 8000 kg
Acceleration of the wagons = 3.5 m/s2
Thus, force exerted on all the wagons except wagon 1
= 8000 × 3.5 = 28000 N
Therefore, the force exerted by wagon 1 on the remaining four wagons is 28000 N.
Hence, the force exerted by wagon 1 on wagon 2 is 28000 N.
8. An automobile vehicle has a mass of 1500 kg. What must be the force between the vehicle and road if the vehicle is to be stopped with a negative acceleration of 1.7 m s−2?
Mass of the automobile vehicle, m= 1500 kg
Final velocity, v= 0 (finally the automobile stops)
Acceleration of the automobile, a= −1.7 ms−2
Force = Mass x Acceleration = 1500 x (−1.7) = −2550 N
Hence, the force between the automobile and the road is −2550 N, in the direction opposite to the motion of the automobile.
9. What is the momentum of an object of mass m, moving with a velocity v?
(a) (mv)2 (b) mv2 (c) ½ mv2 (d) mv
(d) mv
Mass of the object = m
Velocity = v
Momentum = Mass x Velocity
Momentum = mv
10. Using a horizontal force of 200 N, we intend to move a wooden cabinet across a floor at a constant velocity. What is the friction force that will be exerted on the cabinet?
The cabinet will move with constant velocity only when the net force on it is zero.
Therefore, force of friction on the cabinet = 200 N, in a direction opposite to the direction of motion of the cabinet.
11. Two objects, each of mass 1.5 kg are moving in the same straight line but in opposite directions. The velocity of each object is 2.5 ms−1 before the collision during which they stick together. What will be the velocity of the combined object after collision?
Mass of one of the objects, m1 = 1.5 kg
Mass of the other object, m2 = 1.5 kg
Velocity of m1 before collision, u1 = 2.5 m/s
Velocity of m2, moving in opposite direction before collision, u2 = −2.5 m/s
Let v be the velocity of the combined object after collision. By the law of conservation of momentum,
Total momentum after collision = Total momentum before collision,
Or, (m1 + m2) v = m1u1 + m2u2
Or, (1.5 + 1.5) v = 1.5 × 2.5 +1.5 × (–2.5) [negative sign as moving in opposite direction] Or, v = 0 ms–1
12. According to the third law of motion when we push on an object, the object pushes back on us with an equal and opposite force. If the object is a massive truck parked along the roadside, it will probably not move. A student justifies this by answering that the two opposite and equal forces cancel each other. Comment on this logic and explain why the truck does not move.
The logic is that Action and Reaction always act on different bodies, so they can not cancel each other. When we push a massive truck, the force of friction between its tyres and the road is very large and so the truck does not move.
13. A hockey ball of mass 200 g travelling at 10 m s−1 is struck by a hockey stick so as to return it along its original path with a velocity at 5 m s−1. Calculate the change of momentum occurred in the motion of the hockey ball by the force applied by the hockey stick.
Mass of the hockey ball, m = 200 g = 0.2 kg
Hockey ball travels with velocity, v1 = 10 m/s
Initial momentum = mv1
Hockey ball travels in the opposite direction with velocity, v2 = −5 m/s
Final momentum = mv2
Change in momentum = mv1 − mv2 = 0.2 [10 − (−5)] = 0.2 (15) = 3 kg m s−1
Hence, the change in momentum of the hockey ball is 3 kg m s−1.
14. A bullet of mass 10 g travelling horizontally with a velocity of 150 m s−1 strikes a stationary wooden block and comes to rest in 0.03 s. Calculate the distance of penetration of the bullet into the block. Also calculate the magnitude of the force exerted by the wooden block on the bullet.
Initial velocity, u= 150 m/s
Final velocity, v= 0 (since the bullet finally comes to rest)
Time taken to come to rest, t= 0.03 s
According to the first equation of motion, v= u + at
Acceleration of the bullet, a
0 = 150 + (a × 0.03 s)a = -150 / 0.03 = -5000 m/s2
(Negative sign indicates that the velocity of the bullet is decreasing.)
According to the third equation of motion:
v2= u2+ 2as
0 = (150)2+ 2 (-5000)
= 22500 / 10000
= 2.25 m
Hence, the distance of penetration of the bullet into the block is 2.25 m.
Force, F = Mass × Acceleration
Mass of the bullet, m = 10 g = 0.01 kg
Acceleration of the bullet, a = 5000 m/s2
F = ma = 0.01 × 5000 = 50 N
Hence, the magnitude of force exerted by the wooden block on the bullet is 50 N.
15. An object of mass 1 kg travelling in a straight line with a velocity of 10 m s−1 collides with, and sticks to, a stationary wooden block of mass 5 kg. Then they both move off together in the same straight line. Calculate the total momentum just before the impact and just after the impact. Also, calculate the velocity of the combined object.
Mass of the object, m1 = 1 kg
Velocity of the object before collision, v1 = 10 m/s
Mass of the stationary wooden block, m2 = 5 kg
Velocity of the wooden block before collision, v2 = 0 m/s
∴ Total momentum before collision = m1 v1 + m2 v2
= 1 (10) + 5 (0) = 10 kg m s−1
It is given that after collision, the object and the wooden block stick together.
Total mass of the combined system = m1 + m2
Velocity of the combined object = v
m1 v1 + m2 v2 = (m1 + m2) v
1 (10) + 5 (0) = (1 + 5) v
v = 10 / 6
= 5 / 3
The total momentum after collision is also 10 kg m/s.
Total momentum just before the impact = 10 kg m s−1
Total momentum just after the impact = (m1 + m2) v = 6 × 5 / 3 = 10 kg ms-1
Hence, velocity of the combined object after collision = 5 / 3 ms-1
16. An object of mass 100 kg is accelerated uniformly from a velocity of 5 m s−1 to 8 m
s−1 in 6 s. Calculate the initial and final momentum of the object. Also, find the magnitude of the force exerted on the object.
Initial velocity of the object, u = 5 m/s
Final velocity of the object, v = 8 m/s
Mass of the object, m = 100 kg
Time take by the object to accelerate, t = 6 s
Initial momentum = mu = 100 × 5 = 500 kg m s−1
Final momentum = mv = 100 × 8 = 800 kg m s−1
Force exerted on the object, F = mv – mu / t
= m (v-u) / t
= 800 – 500
= 300 / 6
= 50 N
Initial momentum of the object is 500 kg m s−1.
Final momentum of the object is 800 kg m s−1.
Force exerted on the object is 50 N.
17. Akhtar, Kiran and Rahul were riding in a motorocar that was moving with a high velocity on an expressway when an insect hit the windshield and got stuck on the windscreen. Akhtar and Kiran started pondering over the situation. Kiran suggested that the insect suffered a greater change in momentum as compared to the change in momentum of the motorcar (because the change in the velocity of the insect was much more than that of the motorcar). Akhtar said that since the motorcar was moving with a larger velocity, it exerted a larger force on the insect. And as a result the insect died. Rahul while putting an entirely new explanation said that both the motorcar and the insect experienced the same force and a change in their momentum. Comment on these suggestions.
The suggestion made by Kiran that the insect suffered a greater change in momentum as compared to the change in momentum of the motor car is wrong.
The suggestion made by Akhtar that the motor car exerted a larger force on the insect because of large velocity of motor car is also wrong. The explanation put forward by Rahul is correct. On collision of insect with motor car, both experience the same force as action and reaction are always equal and opposite. Further, changes in their momenta are also the same. Only the signs of changes in momenta are opposite, i.e., change in momenta of the two occur in opposite directions, though magnitude of change in momentum of each is the same.
18. How much momentum will a dumbbell of mass 10 kg transfer to the floor if it falls from a height of 80 cm? Take its downward acceleration to be 10 m s−2.
Mass of the dumbbell, m = 10 kg
Distance covered by the dumbbell, s = 80 cm = 0.8 m
Acceleration in the downward direction, a = 10 m/s2
Initial velocity of the dumbbell, u = 0
Final velocity of the dumbbell (when it was about to hit the floor) = v
v2 = u2 + 2as
v2 = 0 + 2 (10) 0.8
v = 4 m/s
Hence, the momentum with which the dumbbell hits the floor is
= mv = 10 × 4 = 40 kg m s−1
Additional Excercises
1. The following is the distance-time table of an object in motion:
Distance in metres
(a) What conclusion can you draw about the acceleration? Is it constant, increasing, decreasing, or zero?
(b)What do you infer about the forces acting on the object?
(a) There is an unequal change of distance in an equal interval of time.
Thus, the given object is having a non – uniform motion. Since the velocity of the object increases with time, the acceleration is increasing.
(b) The object is in accelerated condition. According to Newton's second law of motion, the force acting on an object is directly proportional to the acceleration produced in the object. So, we can say unbalanced force is acting on the object.
2. Two persons manage to push a motorcar of mass 1200 kg at a uniform velocity along a level road. The same motorcar can be pushed by three persons to produce an acceleration of 0.2 m s−2. With what force does each person push the motorcar?
(Assume that all persons push the motorcar with the same muscular effort)
Mass of the motor car = 1200 kg
Only two persons manage to push the car. Hence, the acceleration acquired by the car is given by the third person alone.
Acceleration produced by the car, when it is pushed by the third person,
a = 0.2 m/s2
Let the force applied by the third person be F.
Force = Mass × Acceleration
F = 1200 × 0.2 = 240 N
Thus, the third person applies a force of magnitude 240 N.
Hence, each person applies a force of 240 N to push the motor car.
3. A hammer of mass 500 g, moving at 50 m s−1, strikes a nail. The nail stops the hammer in a very short time of 0.01 s. What is the force of the nail on the hammer?
Mass of the hammer, m = 500 g = 0.5 kg
Initial velocity of the hammer, u = 50 m/s
Time taken by the nail to the stop the hammer, t = 0.01 s
Velocity of the hammer, v = 0 (since the hammer finally comes to rest)
Force, f = m(v-u) / t
= 0.5(0-50) / 0.01
= -2500 N
The hammer strikes the nail with a force of −2500 N. Hence, from Newton's third law of motion, the force of the nail on the hammer is equal and opposite, i.e., +2500 N.
4. A motorcar of mass 1200 kg is moving along a straight line with a uniform velocity of 90 km/h. Its velocity is slowed down to 18 km/h in 4 s by an unbalanced external force. Calculate the acceleration and change in momentum. Also calculate the magnitude of the force required.
Mass of the motor car, m = 1200 kg
Initial velocity of the motor car, u = 90 km/h = 25 m/s
Final velocity of the motor car, v = 18 km/h = 5 m/s
Time taken, t = 4 s
According to the first equation of motion:
v = u + at
5 = 25 + a (4)
a = − 5 m/s2
Negative sign indicates that its a retarding motion i.e. velocity is decreasing.
Change in momentum = mv − mu = m (v−u)
= 1200 (5 − 25) = − 24000 kg m s−1
= 1200 × − 5 = − 6000 N
Acceleration of the motor car = − 5 m/s2
Change in momentum of the motor car = − 24000 kg m s−1
Hence, the force required to decrease the velocity is 6000 N.
(Negative sign indicates retardation, decrease in momentum and retarding force)
Go Back To Class IX Science All Chapters Solution
Avtostakla September 7, 2016 Reply
Very interesting and informative post that contains so many things I didn't know. Thanks!
Afrad April 7, 2018 Reply
Force exerted by the engine, F = 40000 N
Can you please explain how frictional force is 5000N


text:
Веретенников, Виктор Григорьевич (25 февраля 1938, Хабаровск — 25 июля 2008, Москва) — известный учёный-математик и преподаватель в области нелинейной механики, д.ф.м.н., член-корр. РАН (2003 г.). Лауреат (в составе группы сотр.) Премии Правительства РФ в области науки и техники (1981 г.). Заведовал каф. «Теоретическая механика» МАИ, был проректором МАИ по научной работе.

Научный вклад
Виктор Григорьевич Веретенников — специалист в области нелинейной механики (теория устойчивости движения, теория нелинейных колебаний, аналитическая механика, теория управления и стабилизации, механика систем переменного состава, математическое моделирование).

Виктору Григорьевичу Веретенникову удалось решить классическую задачу об устойчивости нелинейных систем в критических случаях произвольного числа пар чисто мнимых корней. Им развиты методы оценок областей устойчивости и притяжения, методы стабилизации нелинейных управляемых систем. В теории нелинейных колебаний В. Г. Веретенниковым классический метод Каменкова Г. В. был развит для систем со многими степенями свободы при наличии внешних и внутренних резонансов различных порядков, а также для существенно нелинейных систем, не обращающихся в линейные при равенстве нулю малого параметра. В. Г. Веретенниковым дано обобщение ряда классических принципов механики на системы более общего вида.

Виктор Григорьевич Веретенников является одним из пионеров в разработке и внедрении методов компьютерной алгебры в нелинейную механику.

Развитые В. Г. Веретенниковым методы исследования нелинейных систем были применены им и его учениками в исследовании динамики различных летательных аппаратов при выполнении работ по заказам предприятий Министерства обороны и Росавиакосмоса.

Научно-организаторская деятельность
Заведовал каф. «Теоретическая механика» МАИ, был проректором МАИ по научной работе.

Библиография
Среди основных научных трудов и учебных пособий В. Г. Веретенникова можно отметить следующие (по данным портала МАИ и каталога РГБ):

Избр. научные труды
 Веретенников В. Г. Устойчивость и колебания нелинейных систем в критических и близких к критическим случаях : диссертация … доктора физико-математических наук : 01.02.01. — Москва, 1972. — 185 с. : ил.
 Веретенников В. Г., Синицын В. А. К выводу уравнений движения системы переменного состава // Вестник МАИ, 1994. Т. 1. № 2.
 Веретенников В. Г., Синицын В. А. К динамике большого тела в атмосфере планеты // Вестник МАИ, 1999. Т. 6. № 1.
 Веретенников В. Г., Синицын В. А. Аналитические принципы построения математических моделей динамики // Вестник МАИ, 2005. Т. 12. № 2.
 Веретенников В. Г., Синицын В. А. О применении принципа виртуальных перемещений // Вестник МАИ, 2006. Т. 13. № 1.
 и др..

Учебные пособия
(переиздания не указаны)
 Веретенников В. Г. Исследование устойчивости нелинейных систем : учеб. пос. — Москва : МАИ, 1979. — 95 с.
 Веретенников В. Г., Гурин А. И. Некоторые вопросы динамики систем с циклическими координатами : учеб. пос. — М. : МАИ, 1980. — 87 с. : ил
 Веретенников В. Г., Серёгин В. Н. Исследование колебаний нелинейных систем : учеб. пос. — М. : МАИ, 1982. — 68 с.
 Веретенников В. Г. Устойчивость и колебания нелинейных систем : учеб. пос. для вузов по специальности «Прикладная математика». — Москва : Наука, 1984. — 320 с.
 Второй метод Ляпунова. Оценки областей устойчивости и притяжения : Учеб. пособие : (Для дневной формы обучения) / В. Г. Веретенников, В. В. Зайцев; Моск. авиац. ин-т им. Серго Орджоникидзе. — М. : МАИ, 1986. — 71 с.
 Теоретическая механика. Вывод и анализ уравнений движения на ЭВМ : [Учеб. пособие / В. Г. Веретенников и др.]; Под ред. В. Г. Веретенникова. — М. : Высш. шк., 1990. — 173,[1] с. : ил.; 21 см. — (ЭВМ в техн. вузе).; ISBN 5-06-000055-9
 Веретенников В. Г., Синицын В. А. Теоретическая механика : доп. к общ. разделам : Учеб. пос. для вузов. — М. : Изд-во МАИ, 1996. — 336 с. : ил.; 21 см; ISBN 5-7035-1415-0
 Колебательные процессы в механических системах с упругими и диссипативными элементами / В. Г. Веретенников, И. И. Карпов, Ю. Г. Марков. — М. : Изд-во МАИ, 1998. — 142,[1] с. : ил.; 20 см; ISBN 5-7035-2073-8
 Современные компьютерные методы решения задач механики : [Учеб. пособие] / [В. Г. Веретенников и др.]. — М. : Изд-во МАИ, 1999. — 141 с. : ил.; 20 см; ISBN 5-7035-2292-7
 Веретенников В. Г., Синицын В. А. Метод переменного действия (заметки) / В. Г. Веретенников, В. А. Синицын. — М. : Физматлит, 2002. — 176 с. : ил., табл.; 20 см; ISBN 5-9221-0217-6

Награды и признание
 Премия Правительства РФ в области науки и техники в составе научного коллектива (2001) — за создание новой технологии пожаротушения, основанной на газодинамическом способе формирования высокоскоростных мелкодисперсных струй жидкости.
 Член-корреспондент РАН c 22.05.2003 — Отделение энергетики, машиностроения, механики и процессов управления (секция механики).

Ссылки
 Веретенников Виктор Григорьевич (о нём) // Информ. система «Архивы» ИСА РАН. Персональный состав РАН.
 В. Г. Веретенников (о нём) на портале МАИ
 Научные труды на Math-Net.Ru
  Фото надгробия

Примечания

Выпускники Московского авиационного института
Математики СССР
Математики России
Преподаватели Московского авиационного института
Похороненные на Митинском кладбище


text:
Kenton, Exeter, EX6 8JQ (Website)
A fortified manor house situated within the parish and former manor of Powderham, within the former hundred of Exminster, Devon, about 6 miles south of the city of Exeter. It is situated on flat, formerly marshy ground on the west bank of the River Exe estuary where it is joined by its tributary the River Kenn. The castle was expanded and altered extensively in the 18th and 19th centuries, most notably by James Wyatt in the 1790s. The castle remains the seat of the Courtenay family, Earls of Devon. The spectacular Music Room, designed by James Wyatt in 1788 for the flamboyant 3rd Viscount of Devon, has an Axminster carpet made in about 1798 by Thomas Whitty. Since 1745 the second library has extended the chapel wing, the two low rooms either side of the clock tower have been converted to bow-window fronts, and the castellated gatehouse tower, which might have blocked this view, has been demolished. In addition, the harbour on the River Kenn, which here flows into the River Exe, has been altered by landscaping.
Powderham Castle has been a Grade I listed building since 1952, and recognised as an internationally important structure. The staircase, hall, music room and master bedroom of the house were used as locations for the 1993 film The Remains of the Day.
The original building on the site was a fortified manor house, the appellation 'castle' was added probably no earlier than the 17th century. The building has never been a true castle, that is to say with a keep and moat, although it did possess a curtain wall and yard on the east side (now the rose garden) as shown in the 1745 engraving by Buck. Leland mentioned a barbican or bulwark in this area, but these were demolished as part of the 18th-century landscaping works designed to provide an uninterrupted view from the lower rooms towards the Exe Estuary. Many castle-like elements on the west front (main entrance) were added in the 19th century. The gatehouse was built between 1845–47 to a design by Charles Fowler. The tall rectangular structure beyond with a tower to the north is essentially the original fortified manor house. The projection from the lower storey to the north in lighter stone with three Gothic-style windows is the Victorian dining hall, designed by Fowler.
In three sections to reflect Wyatt's ceiling. Main ground is made up of twining roses in light and mid pink. The central rectangle has identical, rose-filled flower baskets in each corner and two huge crossed plam fronds, with flowers, reaching to the centre circle. The rectangular end sections have central rose garlands with auricular, tulips, convolvulus and frilled carnations, surrounded by repeated flower garlands. The central roundel is a circle filled with musical instruments in shades of buff, with flower garlands, enclosed in a 12" border of linked rosettes. Drum, high trumpet, cello, viola, flute or recorder, pan pies, a pre-valve French horn, tambourine. Inner border enclosing the three sections of the carpet is a scrolling acanthus in blues, buffs and olives with cartouches in the corners.


text:
London Climate Action Week
The first London Climate Action Week is being held on 1-8 July 2019. Louise Pryor, outgoing* Chair of IFoA's Resource and Environment (RE) Board, discusses the unique opportunity for London to play a leading role in addressing climate change.
London is a world centre for politics, culture and transport. It is also a city with a rich financial history – it flourished financially in Roman times and has grown to enjoy a leading position as a financial centre today, maintaining the largest trade surplus in financial services in the world. However, many of the factors that attract and retain business and investment are vulnerable to the risks posed by climate change.
In recognition of this vulnerability, London's mayor, Sadiq Khan, declared a climate emergency in London late last year. Khan has been vocal about the need for action against climate change, calling on government ministers to, "..stop dragging your feet and gambling with our future and give London and cities across the UK the real powers and funding needed to protect our future generations."
To support this declaration the mayor's office has introduced a series of measures to tackle climate breakdown, including investing £500m in low carbon technologies and divesting pension funds from fossil fuels. The latest initiative is London Climate Action Week, which is being held from 1 to 8 July. It will bring together individuals and organisations with climate expertise and talent from a wide range of sectors to run events across the city focused on taking local, national and international action. These events will highlight the scaling up of practical solutions and identifying new solutions to help cut our carbon emissions to keep global temperature increases within 1.5C and support the Paris Agreement.
The role for London's financial sector
The financial sector has an important role to play in addressing climate change, not least by mobilising the flow of private finance towards investment that supports the transition to the low-carbon economy. In the UK, the Committee on Climate Change (CCC) estimated the total investment needed to meet the UK's fifth carbon budget at approximately £22 billion per year (1% of GDP), with only £2.2 billion of this to come from public investment. Unfortunately, green financing is not yet growing fast enough to support the required level of private investment – this financing gap is seen by many in financial services as both a challenge and an opportunity. To help address the challenge, the City of London Corporation and the UK government are jointly funding the Green Finance Institute, which champions sustainable finance in the UK and abroad.
Climate change poses risks to the stability of the financial sector, with many corporates failing to properly understand the potentially longer term impacts of transition and physical climate risk on their business. Another way in which organisations in the financial sector can help to address climate change is through disclosing exposure to climate-related risk – both by disclosing their own risk and by encouraging disclosure from other organisations. Consistent and decision-useful disclosures will help to support the growth of sustainable investment. The IFoA is a listed supporter of the Taskforce for Climate-related Financial Disclosures (TCFD) and considers its recommendations to be a useful framework for these disclosures and indeed for helping organisations to understand and mitigate climate-related risk. I recently participated in a joint webinar from the IFoA and the Institute of Environmental Management and Assessment (IEMA) which explored the recommendations of the TCFD from the perspective of actuaries and sustainability professionals, and considered how the two could work together. I participated alongside Steve Waygood, Chief Responsible Investment at Aviva Investors and member of the TCFD, Paul Pritchard, Senior Associate at Iken and IEMA fellow, and Nick Blyth, Policy and Engagement Lead at IEMA.
Watch the webinar and learn more about IFoA's TCFD related work
Getting involved in London Climate Action Week
The program for London Climate Action Week is full of engaging events covering a wide range of focus areas including culture and communications, business leadership, international collaboration, renewable energy and green finance.
Find out more and register for events
I will be attending a London Climate Change Partnership (LCCP) Business Roundtable which will explore how resilient businesses in London are in the face of the physical and transition climate risks. The LCCP is the centre for expertise on climate change adaptation and resilience to extreme weather in London.
Find out more about the LCCP and its activities
If you would like to do more to support the profession's work on climate change and other RE issues, no matter where you are based, you can:
Read the RE Board's series of climate change practical guides for actuaries working in pensions. Practical guides for general insurance, life insurance and investment are expected to be published in coming months.
Register your interest in R&E issues by logging into the profession's website and amending your preferences.
Attend one of the many R&E events organised by the profession.
Volunteer to support the work of the R&E Board, its Research and CPD sub-committee, or one of its working parties.
*Louise Pryor's term as RE Board Chair will finalise in July. Simon Jones, current Deputy Chair of the Board, will then commence in the role.


text:
\section{Introduction}

One of the most fruitful lines of research in astroparticle physics has been the study of how cosmological structure
formation can be used to probe neutrino physics (see \cite{Lesgourgues:2006nd,Hannestad:2010kz,Wong:2011ip} for more details).
Over the past decade observations of the Cosmic Microwave Background and the large scale distribution of galaxies have
made it possible to put a bound on the mass of standard model neutrinos which is well below 0.5 eV for the sum of neutrino masses \cite{Ade:2015xua}, $\sum m_\nu$, {\it provided} that the $\Lambda$CDM model is basically the correct cosmological model {\it and} that neutrino physics is described by
standard model physics.
Depending on the specific combination of data sets used the current upper bound can be as low as 0.12-0.13 eV (see e.g.\ \cite{Palanque-Delabrouille:2015pga,Cuesta:2015iho}), close to the mass predicted in the inverted hierarchy for a massless $\nu_3$.

Cosmology therefore seems to be at the brink of a neutrino mass detection.
However, more complex models of both cosmology and neutrino physics can change this picture and significantly shift the mass bound or even
evade it altogether. The purpose of this short review is to discuss the status of cosmological neutrino measurements, including the
caveats in bounds on neutrino properties. I will also discuss the possibility of probing neutrino physics beyond the standard model in the
form of additional sterile neutrino species and new non-standard interactions.

In the standard model neutrino interactions at low energies are well described by Fermi theory. In the universe at temperatures well below the QCD phase transition neutrinos interact dominantly with electrons, positrons, and other neutrinos.
Under the assumption that chemical or pseudo-chemical potentials are small for all the involved species the interaction rates can be calculated very precisely and the process of neutrino freeze-out followed with adequate precision.
The outcome is that the neutrino distribution is well described by a thermal distribution of temperature $T_\nu \sim \left(\frac{4}{11}\right)^{1/3} T_\gamma$, with corrections from incomplete neutrino decoupling at $e^+ e^-$ annihilation and finite temperature QED effects entering at the 1\% level \cite{Mangano:2005cc} (see \cite{Grohs:2015tfy} for a recent discussion).
At late times the main impact of neutrinos on structure formation can be quantified by their contribution to the energy density. Since the neutrino contribution in the late time universe is dominated by the rest mass term and the number density can be calculated exactly, the only unknown quantity is the sum of neutrino masses, $\sum m_\nu$. This is related to the physical energy density through
\begin{equation}
\Omega_\nu h^2 \simeq \frac{\sum m_\nu}{94.6 \, {\rm eV}}.
\end{equation}
This simple relation means that if neutrino physics is describable in terms of pure standard model physics the relation of the cosmological parameter $\Omega_\nu h^2$ to the fundamental particle physics parameter $\sum m_\nu$ is trivial. However, as will be discussed later this simple relation
does not hold for a wide variety of beyond the standard model scenarios.

\section{Large scale structure observables and neutrinos}

Even standard model neutrinos are a source of dark matter because of their finite, but non-zero masses. However,
neutrinos impact cosmological structure formation in a unique way because they are much lighter than other particles contributing to the matter density.
The fact that neutrinos are very light and weakly interacting means that they can stream over large distances, erasing any pre-existing structure in the neutrino density. If treated as a fluid this is equivalent to having a significant anisotropic stress component.
This very significantly suppressed fluctuation power in neutrinos on all subhorizon scales. In the CMB this can in turn also be seen as a suppression of power because the neutrino contribution to the metric source term in the Boltzmann equation for photons is suppressed.

For typical sub-eV neutrino neutrino masses, neutrinos are still relativistic during recombination and therefore the direct effect of a non-zero neutrino mass is limited in the primary CMB signal. However, non-zero neutrino masses strongly influence the subsequent growth of perturbations
and lead to suppression of power on all scales below the free-streaming scale. In the case of the CMB power spectrum this can be seen as a reduction in the effect of weak gravitational lensing on the CMB spectrum.

In the large scale structure power spectrum the effect is even more pronounced because the matter power spectrum (rather than the photon power spectrum) is probed directly. The matter power spectrum is suppressed by a large factor (roughly $\delta P/P \sim -8 f_\nu$, where $f_\nu=\Omega_\nu/\Omega_m$) on all scales smaller than the free-streaming scale \cite{Lesgourgues:2006nd}, and even in the most extreme case of a massless $\nu_1$ and the normal hierarchy where $\sum m_\nu \sim 0.06$ eV the effect on the power spectrum is several percent. This is close to the precision with which the matter power spectrum can currently be measured. However, even the largest current surveys are not able to probe distances comparable to the free-streaming length. The consequence is that the effect of neutrinos is simply seen as an overall and scale-independent reduction in power which is difficult to disentangle from other effects.

\section{Current and future bounds}

One of the most important developments in the last decade has been that cosmological data is now of sufficient quality that strong bounds on neutrino masses can be obtained using at most two different types of data with well-understood systematics.
Using the CMB data from Planck alone provides a bound of 0.59 eV in the case of the $\Lambda$CDM model \cite{Ade:2015xua}. When large scale structure data is added the bound is strengthened to 0.23 eV \cite{Ade:2015xua}. Further improvements can be made by adding e.g.\ data from the Lyman-$\alpha$ forest, although this also means that the bound becomes less robust.
We note that the current upper bound on the sum of neutrino masses is getting relatively close to the predicted mass for a massless $\nu_1$ in the inverted hierarchy, but that at present it is impossible to use cosmological data to distinguish the two hierarchies.

The coming decade is likely to see as big an improvement on neutrino constraints as the previous.
In particular the large scale structure data from very large surveys such as EUCLID \cite{Laureijs:2011gra} will improve neutrino constraints radically. Ref.~\cite{Abazajian:2013oma} provides a good overview of projected sensitivities from data sets becoming available within the next decade (see also \cite{Allison:2015qca}). Combining the Planck data with just one of these observables in many cases leads to a sensitivity good enough to make a neutrino mass detection very likely. When several large scale structure observables (lensing, galaxy power spectrum, cluster mass function) are combined with the Planck data the formal sensitivity might approach the 10 meV level \cite{Hamann:2012fe,Basse:2013zua,Basse:2014qqa}, indicating that a 5$\sigma$ detection of the neutrino mass might be feasible.
Fig.~\ref{fig:abs} (taken from \cite{Hamann:2012fe}) shows projected confidence contours from combining a Planck-like CMB experiment with data from EUCLID.

Of course it should be kept in mind that even when a hot dark matter component is unambiguously detected it will not be possible to state that it consists of neutrinos. Since structure formation is only sensitive to the kinematical properties of the hot dark matter and not to its actual particle content a final confirmation has to await the measurement of neutrino masses in e.g.\ tritium decay experiments such as KATRIN \cite{Osipowicz:2001sq}.

\begin{figure}[h]
\includegraphics[width=8.0cm,angle=270]{mnuomm.pdf}
\caption{
68\% and 95\% constraints on the matter density, $\omega_m=\Omega_m h^2$, and the sum of neutrino
masses,
$\sum m_\nu$, for the combination of Planck CMB data with
EUCLID shear data (red curves)
and EUCLID galaxy data (black curves), as well as the combination of all three (green curves).
The data used corresponds to the ``csgx'' case in \cite{Hamann:2012fe}.
\label{fig:abs}}
\end{figure}

\section{Non-standard neutrino physics}

Within the standard model the only unknown parameter relevant to cosmological structure formation is the sum of neutrino masses. However, types of beyond standard model physics predict the presence of one or more non-standard features in the neutrino sector.
From a cosmological point of view the simplest possibility is that the neutrino number density (and thus the contribution to the energy density while neutrinos are still relativistic) is different from what is predicted in the standard model.
The standard parameter used in cosmological parameter fitting is $N_{\rm eff}$, defined as
\begin{equation}
N_{\rm eff} \equiv \frac{\rho_\nu}{\rho_{\nu,0}}
\end{equation}
with $\rho_{\nu,0} = \frac{7}{8} \left(\frac{4}{11}\right)^{4/3} \rho_\gamma$, measured at $T \gg m_\nu$, i.e.\ it corresponds to the energy density in relativistic neutrinos at early times when they are relativistic. The standard model prediction is $N_{\rm eff} \simeq 3.046$, but a variety of beyond the standard model scenarios could lead to a a higher (or lower) value of $N_{\rm eff}$.

We note that using $\sum m_\nu$ and $N_{\rm eff}$ is typically not enough to fully specify a given model because $N_{\rm eff}$ cannot be uniquely translated into the number density and therefore the current neutrino density, $\Omega_\nu h^2$, cannot be calculated using these two parameters alone.
However, in scenarios where the particle distribution is reasonably close to thermal $N_{\rm eff}$ and $\sum m_\nu$ can be used as fitting parameters.

The current Planck data shows no indication in itself that $N_{\rm eff}$ is different from the value predicted by the standard model \cite{Ade:2015xua}. However, it should be noted that the Planck inferred value of $H_0$ is significantly different from the one measured directly in the local Universe
\cite{Riess:2016jrr},
and that a possible way of lessening the tension between the two results is to have a significantly higher $N_{\rm eff}$ than predicted by the standard model.

Another important aspect of neutrino physics which can be tested by cosmology is the presence of non-standard interactions. Well-known possibilities are additional massive vector bosons or light pseudoscalars or scalars coupling to neutrinos. Such interactions are relatively hard to probe in direct experiments and cosmology can provide very non-trivial bounds (see e.g.\ \cite{Archidiacono:2013dua} for a recent discussion).

Finally, there are several indications from terrestrial neutrino experiments that additional sterile neutrinos might be present (see e.g.\ \cite{Abazajian:2012ys} for an overview) .
However, such neutrinos are extremely disfavoured by cosmological data. The reason is that the relatively large mixing angle required to explain oscillation data inevitably leads to almost complete thermalisation of the additional mass states. Therefore the additional neutrinos act essentially like active neutrinos with the same mass and since the preferred mass is around 1 eV they are disfavoured by more than 5$\sigma$ by the usual cosmological mass bound.

If the sterile neutrino hypothesis is confirmed an additional modification of either cosmology or neutrino physics is required.
One possible solution is to add a large neutrino chemical potential. This has the effect of delaying the onset of the resonant production of sterile neutrinos until after the active neutrinos decouple and leads to a lower abundance of sterile neutrinos. However, a more attractive scenario is to add additional interactions in the sterile sector. This leads to a self-generated matter potential which also has the effect of delaying thermalisation of the sterile state.

Two basic scenarios have been studied so far. The first is based on a new light, but not massless vector boson mediating a Fermi-like interaction between the sterile states
\cite{Hannestad:2013ana,Dasgupta:2013zpn,Bringmann:2013vra,Saviano:2014esa,Mirizzi:2014ama,Tang:2014yla,Chu:2015ipa}. The new interaction can be significantly stronger than the ordinary weak interaction without violating any known constraints, and can delay sterile neutrino thermalisation until long after active neutrino decoupling. However, in most cases the sterile state will thermalise at low temperature and thus the cosmological neutrino mass constraint still poses a potential problem for this scenario \cite{Mirizzi:2014ama,Chu:2015ipa}.

\begin{figure}[h]
\includegraphics[width=8.0cm]{Neffplot.pdf}
\caption{The contribution of the sterile neutrino to the relativistic energy density $\delta N_{\rm eff} = N_{\rm eff} - 3$ as a function of the dimensionless coupling parameter $g_s$. \label{fig:abs2}}
\end{figure}

Another scenario is based on a new massless pseudoscalar or scalar \cite{Archidiacono:2014nda,Archidiacono:2015oma}. Fig.~\ref{fig:abs2} shows how the sterile neutrino contribution to $N_{\rm eff}$ can be reduced when the dimensionless coupling strength, $g_s$ is increased (taken from \cite{Archidiacono:2014}). While similar to the vector mediator scenario at high temperatures it is qualitatively very different at low temperatures because the interaction becomes stronger at low temperatures so that the sterile neutrino and scalars/pseudoscalars form a strongly interacting fluid at low temperatures. This setup is very similar to the ``neutrinoless universe'' scenario previously studied for active neutrinos in which the active neutrinos couple to a new light particle and disappear through pair annihilation as soon as they become non-relativistic, thereby alleviating the effect of the mass on the matter power spectrum \cite{Beacom:2004yd}. This scenario has been ruled out by CMB observations because it would lead to an excessive enhancement of fluctuations on sub-horizon scales prior to recombination \cite{Hannestad:2004qu}.
However, provided that only the mainly sterile mass state couples to the new particle the scenario can actually provide a better fit to current data than $\Lambda$CDM, and interestingly it strongly prefers a value of the Hubble parameter close to the locally measured value \cite{Archidiacono:2015oma}.

\section{Discussion}

I have reviewed the current status of light neutrinos in cosmological structure formation. Within the class of $\Lambda$CDM-like models with upper bound on the sum of neutrino masses is now robustly below 0.5 eV. Depending on assumptions about the cosmological model and the data used the bound might even be close to 0.1 eV, but this is a much less robust statement.

Within the next 5-8 years new data from a host of different large scale structure surveys will drastically improve the sensitivity to the neutrino mass. It can reasonably be expected that future data will bring the sensitivity down to the 10 meV level and allow for a detection of the neutrino hot dark matter component of the universe.

Cosmology can also be used as a sensitive probe of neutrino physics beyond the standard model. The prime example of this is the use of cosmology to constrain the existence of sterile neutrinos.
There are currently several hints from terrestrial neutrino experiments that one or more additional sterile states of eV mass might be needed to explain data. Furthermore the additional mass states are required to have relatively large mixing with the active neutrinos. This in turn leads to almost complete thermalisation of the new state in the early Universe and the bound derived for active neutrinos apply, disfavouring such additional sterile states at 5$\sigma$ or more.

If the sterile hypothesis is confirmed it will therefore require modifications to either cosmology or neutrino physics in order to be reconciled with cosmological data. One possibility which is currently receiving significant attention is the possibility that sterile neutrinos possess new interactions. Such interactions can be quite strong without violating any current experimental or astrophysical constraints and can reconcile eV sterile neutrinos with cosmology. In fact, interactions via a massless mediator which makes sterile neutrinos strongly interacting at late times can provide a better fit to data than $\Lambda$CDM in terms of $\chi^2$.

In conclusion, cosmology is an extremely powerful laboratory for probing neutrino physics. This will remain true in the coming decade and cosmology will almost certainly provide the first detection of the neutrino hot dark matter component of the universe in this timespan.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


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Home /Knowledge Base /For Buyers /Can I use the free good I downloaded in an end-product I designed and sell?
Can I use the free good I downloaded in an end-product I designed and sell?
No. You will need an Extended License in order to use a Free Good in an end-product for sale.
Yes but how do you get an extended license for free models ??? This option is only suggested with to-paid models…So ?
Unfortunately for Free 3d models, you can use Basic license only.


text:
Renewable energy powered ovens help Cameroon fish smokers curb mangrove forest degradation
Renewable energy powered ovens introduced in some fishing communities along the coastal regions of Limbe and Douala in Cameroon, are helping the country redress the challenges of dwindling mangrove forests, mitigate the effects of climate change and fight poverty.
Eco-friendly charcoal now helps women dry fish without searching for wood
Local councils, NGOs and other stakeholders are backing government's efforts to protect mangroves with the use of alternative energy other than fuel wood for cooking and drying fish by the local communities.
In the coastal towns of Batoke, Idenau fish traders are doing brisk business thanks to the installation of solar-powered ovens to dry fish, preventing what used to be massive destruction swathes of mangrove forest for firewood and spoilage from a lack of other preservation methods.
Fish smokers in these communities say the renewable energy project has improved on their awareness and knowledge about mangrove protection.
"We have come to learn about this new method that permits us dry our fish without much stress with the use of solar ovens and protect our forest," says Joan Dione, a fish smoker in Idenau whose business is driven by customers from big cities in Cameroon and neighbouring Nigeria and Gabon.
The renewable energy powered ovens provided for fish drying to replace wood along the coastal villages of Batoke, Idenau, Down Beach in Limbe is a mangrove restoration programme supported by the Cameroon government, the Cameroon Wildlife Conservation Society (CWCS), Cameroon Mangrove and Wetlands Conservation Network and the World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) geared at giving life to not only the populace of the local community, but also assure the environmental future of generations not yet born, conservation experts say.
"The alternative energy has gone a long way to not only protect existing mangrove forest and restoring the rich biodiversity of the coastal areas but also improve the livelihood of the community through quality and quantity fish catch" says Timothy Kagonbe, sub-director in charge of local partnership in the ministry of environment and Cameroon focal point in the Inter Governmental Group of Experts on Climate Change.
With the installation of solar energy in the coastal region of Batoke, inhabitants now find alternative power supply other than wood for heating
In 2018, Some 25 fishing groups in Idenau and nearby Batoke in the coastal region of Limbe were also offered solar energy fish drying ovens in by the African Resource Group Cameroon, ARG-CAM working in collaboration with the Limbe city council as part of a wider drive to expand renewable energy like solar across the country.
The women attest the alternative fish drying methods have really improved on their income.
Joan Dione's daughter Sharon Dione, 23, says in the past, drying a significant quantity of fish of 25 baskets in a day using wood was impossible.
"The process of using wood energy was so difficult, emitting smoke that was dangerous to our health and limited our production," says Sharon Dione.
"The arrival of solar energy and solar drying ovens here has changed everything," she adds.
The Limbe City Mayor, Paul Efome Lisombe Mbole, says the coming of alternative energy for fish drying and cooking is a welcome relief to the development drive and environment protection efforts to the coastal city that is very vulnerable to the effects of climate change.
"The coming of alternative and cheaper energy to our council area is a welcome relief. The project was born out of the need to improve the livelihoods of the people, conserve, protect mangroves and fight against climate change. We are moving to a new world now," Paul Efome said.
The Limbe City Council district is a coastal area beset with numerous challenges related to climate change and environmental degradation.
"Given the fragile nature of its ecosystem, it is imperative that all our activities, economic or otherwise, are carried out in a sustainable manner," the mayor explained.
Douala Coastline
The same efforts have been carried out in the coastal and industrial city of Douala. At Youpwe, a popular fish market in Douala, Cameroons economic capital, the women are always busy smoking of fish. They have been using eco-friendly charcoal to smoke fish.
"It came to us like a surprise that what is considered waste can be used to produce charcoal to dry fish," Ngonno Lizette, 42 years old, noted.
Another fish smoker in Youpwe, Marie Louis Kuetche, says their overdependence on mangrove to smoke fish was already having a counter effect on their business.
"For several years we depended solely on mangrove wood to dry fish. But later we began realising fish was becoming scarce and from what we gathered this was as a result of the uncontrolled destruction of mangroves," she explained.
"This new form of charcoal from waste material is very clean and fish dried from it looks bright and sells better in the market," Kuetche added.
The phenomenon is already gaining grounds in different fishing communities as locals strive to protect their mangroves.
In Mouanko in the Sanaga Maritime division of the Littoral Region, women are also switching to these eco-friendly forms of charcoal.
In a bid to also curb the pressure on fishing, a local NGO, Mounako Horrizon 2000, is helping locals diversify their income by involving them in agriculture as alternative source of income.
Same Diyouke, President of the NGO, explained how the drive for environmental sustainability led to the birth of converting trash to manure for agriculture. "We are happy this is turning the tides as many of the fish businesswomen are also taking interest in agriculture activities," he says.
For long we watched how our mangroves were being depleted to dry fish, we also saw those who did agriculture practice slash and burn, destroying the ecosystem.
"It was the zeal to curb these unsustainable activities that we started transforming waste to organic fertilizer. Today for the first time rice is cultivated in Mouanko with the use of the compost manure we produced," he added.
Reports show that about 30% of Cameroonians living along the coastal areas of Limbe and Douala depend on mangrove resources for their livelihoods, particularly fish, timber and non-timber forest products.
Government statistics estimate about 1% of mangroves loss every year. The situation is even higher in the mangrove forests of the Wouri estuary in the industrial city of Douala with some 6.2% destruction rate per year.
Environment experts blame this on multiple factors like surging coastal population, urbanisation, fish processing, sand extraction and uncoordinated government and weak laws that not always applied.
"The government needs to apply its laws by effectively sanctioning defaulters," says Samuel Nguiffo, CEO of the Centre for Environment and Development, an NGO that fights for the rights of forest indigenous communities in Cameroon.
Cameroon's minister of environment and nature protection, Hele Pierre, noted during the launching of tree planting along the coastal area of Limbe on June 12, 2022, that protecting the country's mangroves was part of government's efforts to drive forest conservation in the species-rich Congo Basin, home to the world's second-largest tropical rainforest.
"By restoring disappearing trees along the coast, we are helping local communities develop sustainably, fight poverty, increase their resilience to climate change and contribute to climate change mitigation," Pierre said.
Tree planting along the Limbe, Wouri and Kribi Coast is a yearly mangrove restoration programme by government supported by other stakeholders and especiallt the active participation of the local communities.
"Yearly mangrove restoration efforts is a community affair because the villagers know their future lies in the coastline mangrove," says Theophilus Ngwene, Programme Executant WWF Coastal Forest programme.
Humped over the soil, villagers and fishermen alike in Limbe, Mouanko and other fishing community along the coast say they have been working feverishly planting stalks of mangrove to replace the swathes destroyed by the population for firewood and building material as well as development projects.
Fisherman Ongene Auswald says he has not missed a single mangrove planting session since the last three years. He says the mangrove restoration efforts is already paying off with improved fish catch.
"Since we started caring for the mangroves, we harvest more and more fish," he says.
"Now, fishermen from as far off as Kribi come to fish on our shores," Ongene adds.
Fishing has always been the way of life for the people of Mouanko one of the villages off the shores of Wouri river in Cameroon's economic capital.
Ebounge Ralph, 68, chairman of the village fishing community, recalled the days of his childhood when fishers used traditional fishing method to make good catch just few meters away from the village.
"But fishing soon become perilous following vast destruction of the Wouri coastline rich mangrove forest," Ebonge reveals.
Environment experts have saluted the conservation efforts especially as it is geared towards reducing poverty and the degradation rates of Cameroon's coastal mangroves, thereby contributing to strengthening the role of the country's ecosystem in disaster risk reduction.
"The role of ecosystems in disaster risk management especially in the coastal area cannot be ignored. Ecosystems with strong tree cover reduce the vulnerability of the coastline to floods. Mangroves especially acts as buffers that help to reduce the risk of erosion and inundation," says Timothy Kagonbe.
Experts say Mangrove forests absorb three to four times more carbon than tropical upland forests. In addition their complex root networks are known to serve as a buffer against strong waves, high winds and storm, thus protecting degradation of coastal forest ecosystem.
"Mangroves are not only important to fishermen, acting as breeding ground of fish, but they are good carbon absorbers, an important source of income to the beneficiary communities," says Samuel Nguiffo.
Mangroves make up less than 1% of tropical forests worldwide but are crucial in the fight against climate change because they are more effective than most other forests at absorbing and storing planet-heating carbon.
Environment experts salute the involvement of local communities in mangrove restoration efforts as they stand a better chance of protecting their resources.
"When local communities take ownership of the restoration programme they jealously protect and guard the forest against intrusion from outsiders," says Cecil Ndjebet, member of the African Forest Forum (AFF) governing council.
Globally, mangroves are estimated to be declining at a rate of about one- to two percent per year with human activities contributing to an estimated 2.7 million hectares of lost forests every year on the African continent, Ndjebet says, calling on women to add their voices against any unsustainable exploitation.
"Women across the continent should add their voice to say no to wanton mangrove forest destruction," Ndjebet said.
By Regina Leke and Ngalame Elias
This article was produced with support from Rain Forest Journalism Fund in partnership with Pulitzer Centre
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45 singer (bass) reviews
Singer (bass)s
Singer (bass)s available to hire in Stockton-on-Tees
Hire a singer (bass) in Stockton-on-Tees for your event today. Whether you're planning a wedding, party, concert or event, we have 23 of the most professional acts for you to choose from. All of the musicians shown below can travel and are available in Stockton-on-Tees.
Singer (bass)sinStockton-on-Teesforany price, sort bybest match
All the groups below are available to travel to Stockton-on-Tees
James Philip
Singer (bass)Dunstable
An exceptionally talented singer/pianist specialising in pop, soul and R&B covers. The perfect choice to add a touch of class to your event!
Henry Tozer
Singer (bass)London
Henry is a freelance musician - pianist, singer, composer, guitarist - living in London. He holds a BA in Music from Cambridge University.
Oliver Cope LRSM
Singer (bass)Cambridge
Conservatoire educated Harpist and Pianist, having played for various luxurious venues and high-profile hosts.
Sol Edwards
Singer (bass)Leeds
I am a Singer/Songwriter from Glasgow based in Leeds. My main genres are Indie and Folk and I perform my own solo material and covers
Bob Payne
Tuba, Euphonium & Bass/Tenor Trombone player and singer based in London.
Chase Emery Davis
Singer (bass)Reading
Classically trained Baritone Jazz Singer & Electronic Artist & DJ producer
Dave Octave Sings
Dave just loves singing those timeless songs of the Big Band era adding a Las Vegas touch to any event.
Alistair Donaghue
Singer (bass)Birmingham
All round classically-trained Baritone, recently graduated from Royal Birmingham Conservatoire. Also a Songman in the Choir of York Minster.
Peter Edge
Classical Baritone, Peter Edge graduated from the Royal College of Music as a Master of Music, with Distinction, in 2019.
Esmond Cordingley-Poole
Singer (bass)Oxford
Singer (solo and choral), composer, director and producer, based in Oxford, London, Sussex and Surrey.
David Fraser
Singer (bass)Liverpool
I'm David and I'm 16 from Liverpool I'm a bass in the national youth choir of great Britain and the Liverpool philharmonic youth choir.
Derek S. Henderson
Singer (bass)Luton
Derek S. Henderson is a bass-baritone from the Republic of Panamá who possesses a big, rich voice.
James Fletcher
Singer (bass)Ely
Oboist, Derek Butler Scholar at Trinity Laban Conservatoire of Music & Dance. Visiting lecturer in music at Anglia Ruskin University.
Dominic Blanchard
Singer (bass)Sudbury
Freelance Cellist based in London. Providing services for ensembles both classical and popular, and events requiring a solo artist
William O'Brien
Singer (bass)Tunbridge Wells
Fun and entertaining baritone, available for hire!
Simon Desbruslais
Singer (bass)Hull
Trumpet soloist based in Yorkshire. Experienced in playing live to millions of viewers and listeners on BBC 1 Television and BBC Radio 3!
Jamie Conway
Conductor, Singer, Accompanist, Répétiteur | Raikes Consort | Choir of St John's College, Cambridge | Organist, St John's School Leatherhead
Jordan Wong
Former Organ Scholar of All Saints Margaret Street and Jesus College, Cambridge. Choral conductor, pianist.
Wedding bands in Stockton-on-Tees
Singers in Stockton-on-Tees
String quartets in Stockton-on-Tees
Harpists in Stockton-on-Tees
Pianists in Stockton-on-Tees
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Hiring a singer (bass)
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How much does it cost to hire asinger (bass)?
The typical price for asinger (bass) is:
Can any singer (bass) play my favourite song?
Professional singer (bass)s will often take requests, but you will need to give them plenty of notice. Please also keep in mind that singer (bass)s may ask for an small additional fee to prepare songs that aren't already on their song list. You can view the singer (bass)'s song list on their Encore profile.
How much time do singer (bass)s take to set up?
Your singer (bass) will usually arrive about an hour or so before their performance begins to set up and get settled before they start playing. To avoid any delays, make sure the performance space is ready for the singer (bass) prior to their arrival.
PLI stands for Public Liability Insurance. This insurance covers damage to another person or their property (it is also known as third party insurance). As many of our singer (bass)s are members of the Musician's Union, they are already covered by PLI up to £10 million. PAT stands for portable appliance testing. Most of our singer (bass)s will already have a PAT inspection certificate for their musical equipment/PA system, which they can provide to your venue if they need it.


Mazda North America saw the idea of interactive screens as a key component to a "Retail Evolution"occurring at new and redesigned dealer show rooms. They looked to use an interactive touch screen to enhance the dealership experience, elevate the Mazda brand, complement existing digital signage and assist in the sales process with measurable ROI. They hoped to solve a variety of pre-identified customer pain points, including a lack of brand awareness/opinion, anxiety towards the sales process in general, and a need for more education on vehicle features and technology.
In order to begin understanding the customer pain points, I looked at research performed by Mazda's marketing team, including a detailed map of the average customer's purchase cycle, to determine where the paint points are and what might be causing them. Taking this one step further, I broke down the customer journey into the actions most typically taken at the dealership or just before, which would have the most impact on their use of the solution within the showroom. I also used demographic data to create typical personas, helping us to inform decision making along the way. Additionally, I performed observational research and stakeholder interviews to get insights into the needs and wants of both customers as well as sales representatives and executives. From here, I was able to create priority matrices to compare the goals of the different stakeholders, and determine the most common and important focus points. Finally, I analyzed this research and made some initial concept statements to guide the solutions proposed.
I sketched out a series of wireframes to review with MNAO executives, in order to propose some solutions based on the results gleaned from discovery. After getting their feedback, I turned these into more hi-fidelity wireframes, which allowed me to perform some preliminary paper prototyping and test some hypotheses. Some additional tweaks were made to the flow, and then I started on the initial designs, which I presented in a full working prototype on Invision. After many many iterations, due to an ever-changing brand, budget and construction constraints leading to changes in screen size and orientation, and evolving business goals, we finalized a design and I worked with our developer to get it built and deployed.
After the rollout to some pilot properties, the interactive digital signage was received well. Upon follow-up observational research, customers utilized the signage often while waiting for service or during downtime in the sales process. Sales representatives interviewed are enthusiastic about the product as a helpful sales tool, and are already making additional feature requests to further enhance the experience.
The displays are critical to the retail evolution. It helps fulfill all the senses when a customer comes in… It really helps enhance that customer experience… It gives us a tool that allows us to visually demonstrate it to a Mazda customer instead of just telling them about it.


Order Pooch Protect Bug Repellent Spray today and help keep the bugs off without harmful chemicals!
What is Pooch Protect Bug Repellent Spray?
This innovative formula combines gentle ingredients that work to provide a protective shield against a variety of insects. The spray is water-based and contains four effective, natural oils that work in two ways. Firstly, it contains ingredients to confuse the sensory receptors of insects. When sprayed onto the coat of a dog, the insects fail to detect their host and move on. Secondly, there are ingredients that literally repel insects, making the host undesirable.
Pooch Protect was designed with the knowledge that pet owners are looking for safer alternatives in the ongoing challenge to keep their canines safe from insect bites. Not only can insect bites cause discomfort to the animal, sometimes resulting in allergies and lasting skin inflammation, insects often carry diseases that can be prevented with an adequate repellent and regime.
Mosquitoes can transmit heartworm and West Nile virus. Fleas can carry tapeworm and allergic reactions to flea bites are a common cause of dermatitis in dogs. Ticks transmit Lyme disease, ehrlichiosis, babesiosis and Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever in some locations.
Pooch Protect Bug Repellent Spray is non-staining when applied to a canine's coat. It can safely be used on the dog's bedding and has a naturally pleasant scent without the use of synthetic fragrance.
Why use Pooch Protect Bug Repellent Spray?
Most pet owners are familiar with the potential toxicities of DEET (N,N-Diethyl-meta-toluamide, abbreviated to DEET) repellents used as a pesticide. DEET is not appropriate for use on animals. Other pesticides currently available for use on canines, such as spot-on pesticides applied to the back of the neck, are raising concerns for many dog owners due to the potential side effects.
In 2010 the EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) in the U.S. released a report about an increase in harmful side effects of some spot-on pesticides. The side effects are more pronounced in smaller dogs and in young dogs but not limited to these. An increase in reported adverse events (i.e. a temporary or lasting health injury to their pet) prompted the EPA to review the products further. Adverse events included reactions ranging from skin irritation to gastrointestinal reactions (such as vomiting and diarrhea) to neurological changes such as seizures or loss of coordination, and death. Changes to the products themselves and the label precautions have not yet been established but are under current review by a veterinary board at the EPA.
Even among pesticide products that claim to be "natural" bug repellents, it is necessary for the consumer to understand how the active ingredients may affect pets. Canines and felines do not metabolize these ingredients the same way that humans do when they are absorbed through the skin, inhaled upon application and especially when animals lick the product off their coats and ingest it.
Although many insect-repelling oils are safe for use in humans, they can present problems for dogs and even more so for cats. You want to make sure that the ingredients, however natural they may be, are going to be non-toxic to your pet. The most common injuries to pets resulting from use of (inappropriate) essential oils are neurological. These effects can include tremors, loss of coordination, weakness and even death. Pooch Protect does not contain any oils that can can be harmful to canines.
Keeping our pets free of pests can be a real challenge but there are ways we can help reduce and even prevent some of these pests just by using a good hygiene regime and maintaining the ongoing health of our pets.
In particular, fleas and ticks will be more attracted to your pet if he/she has lowered immunity. Keeping your pet in good health with a great diet and some additional supplements is the best medicine for a healthy immune system and makes your pet less attractive to pests. Try to keep your pet's stress levels low as much as possible. If your pet experiences stress in day-to-day life events, consider using either Calming Care found here: http://www.petwellbeing.com/products/calming-care-for-dog-anxiety-and-stress to help reduce general anxiety (including separation anxiety) or Stress Gold found here: http://www.petwellbeing.com/products/dog-anxiety for more acute distress events such as travel.
Each time your dog goes outdoors, there is an opportunity for pests like fleas and ticks to adhere. As a daily ritual or each time your dog returns from a walk, check for fleas and ticks. Removing them immediately will help enormously. Check with pest control centers or your veterinary resource for methods about how to remove these pests. In particular, inspect your dog's ears and face and check between the toes or anywhere your dog has creases or folds of skin. Check around the tail and the armpit areas.
Bathing your dog regularly also decreases the likelihood of pests choosing your dog as their host. A rinse of diluted apple cider vinegar can repel insects even more.
Yes! Pooch Protect Bug Repellent Spray comes with a 90 day money-back guarantee.
Why choose Pooch Protect Bug Repellent Spray for your canine friend?
Selectively chosen herbs: our formulas are entirely prepared from herbs that meet high quality standards.
Ethically harvested: The botanical ingredients in this formula are sourced from sustainable, certified South American forests that do not deplete the environment or the ecosystems they are harvested in.
Testing: All raw materials are tested for identification and purity.
Pooch Protect Bug Repellent Spray is a pesticide product: Pet Wellbeing maintains that this product qualifies for exemption from registration under the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA). This product has not been registered by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. It is considered a low risk pesticide formula and does not require EPA registration for this reason.
Who makes Pooch Protect Bug Repellent Spray?
Pooch Protect Bug Repellent Spray is made by Pet Wellbeing, founded in 2001. Our goal? To bring the wisdom and experience of our caring holistic veterinarians to your pet. When your pet is healthy, you're happy.
Shake vigorously before each use. Spray generously on dogs' coat, including belly and legs. Immediately after spraying, rub the product into the coat. For dogs with longer hair or a thick undercoat, additional rubbing will help to work the product through the entire coat. Avoid contact with sensitive areas such as eyes, nose and mouth. Avoid spraying onto open wounds. Cover these areas while spraying. Use a cloth or our handy Pooch Protect Repellent Wipes found here: http://www.petwellbeing.com/products/pooch-protect-bug-repellent-wipes to apply product to the dog's face. Reapply every 2-3 days or as needed. Reapply whenever dog is thoroughly wet. Safe for daily use, if desired. Safe for use on puppies. Application should be thorough but not soak the animal's coat. This spray can be used on dog's bedding, collar and grooming tools.
The amount to use depends on the size of your dog and the length of the coat. The spray should thoroughly cover the coat without soaking it. Once it is applied and you have worked the spray into the coat with your hands, it should feel very slightly damp until it dries. Pooch Protect Bug Repellent Spray should never be sprayed directly onto the face. The eyes, nose and mouth may sting if sprayed directly onto facial areas. However, be sure to treat the face either by using Pooch Protect Bug Repellent Wipes (the same formula repellent in a handy moist towelette) OR simply spray the solution onto a cloth or towel and thoroughly wipe the face. Avoid the eyes, nose and mouth with either method.
There are no known side effects from using Pooch Protect Bug Repellent products.
Sensitivities may occur with any flea or tick prevention program. If your pet shows signs of irritation, rinse the coat thoroughly, wash with mild soap and rinse again. If irritation continues, consult a veterinarian immediately.
Avoid contact with eyes, nose and mouth as the product may sting if applied to these areas.


Irwin Allen; Richard Basehart; David Hedison; Twentieth Century Fox Home Entertainment, Inc.
The crew of the SSRN Seaview has been sent on a mission to discover the secrets of the ocean. However, their scientific work is often interrupted by monsters, evil scientists, spies and more.
Dialogue in English with optional soundtrack in Spanish, and with optional English or Spanish subtitles; closed-captioned.
Originally broadcast on television Jan. 4 - April 19, 1964.
Special features: interviews with David Hedison; blooper reel; still galleries.
3 videodiscs (approximately 818 min.) : sound, black and white ; 4 3/4 in.
DVD, region 1, full screen (1.33:1) presentation; Dolby digital stereo, Dolby Digital mono, double sided.
Add tags for "Voyage to the bottom of the sea. Season one, vol. two". Be the first.
library:placeOfPublication <http://experiment.worldcat.org/entity/work/data/3943956856#Place/beverly_hills_calif> ; # Beverly Hills, Calif.
<http://experiment.worldcat.org/entity/work/data/3943956856#Place/beverly_hills_calif> # Beverly Hills, Calif.
schema:location <http://experiment.worldcat.org/entity/work/data/3943956856#Place/beverly_hills_calif> ; # Beverly Hills, Calif.


text:
Q: VBA(AUTOCAD) SQL query to store String Values I have a small issue, I am trying to code a Macro for Autocad in VBA.
I am trying to read a certain column value through sending a SQL native query that connects to the database server.
The problem is that my String variable descToReturn  that's going to hold a value of that column is returning null. I can't seem to figure out where I am wrong. So if anyone can advise that'd be great.
Here's the code below:
Private Sub btnDuplicate_Click()
    Dim cnn As ADODB.Connection
    Dim rst As ADODB.Recordset
    Dim ConnectionString As String
    Dim StrQuery As String
    Dim BOMLineToCheck As AcadBlockReference
    Dim BOMAttributes As Variant
    Dim partNoToCheck As String
    Dim i As Integer
    Dim descToReturn As String

    ConnectionString = "Provider=SQLxxxxx.1;Password=xxxx;Persist Security Info=True;User ID=xxxx;Data Source=xx\xx;Use Procedure for Prepare=1;Auto Translate=True;Packet Size=4096;Use Encryption for Data=False;Tag with column collation when possible=False;Initial Catalog=xxx_xxx"

    Set cnn = New ADODB.Connection
    cnn.ConnectionString = ConnectionString
    cnn.Open
    'cnn.CommandTimeout = 900
    Set rst = New ADODB.Recordset
    StrQuery = "SELECT * FROM [My Table Name] WHERE [My Column]='partNoToCheck'"

    For Each BOMLineToCheck In ThisDrawing.ModelSpace
        If BOMLineToCheck.Name = "BOM3LINE_old" Then
            BOMAttributes = BOMLineToCheck.GetAttributes()
            For i = 0 To UBound(BOMAttributes)
                If BOMAttributes(i).TagString = "PART#" Then
                    partNoToCheck = BOMAttributes(i).TextString
                End If
            Next i
        End If

        rst.Open StrQuery, cnn, adOpenDynamic
        With rst
            If Not .EOF Then
                descToReturn = rst![My Coulmn]
            End If
        End With
        rst.Close

        MsgBox descToReturn
    Next

End Sub

A: Look closely for a typo:
descToReturn = rst![My Coulmn]

You probably mean:
descToReturn = rst![My Column]

See the difference?

A: So, I found the answer, because I am bringing SQL within VBA environment, the syntax was not right and its a weird syntax:
correct Syntax for SQL query:
StrQuery = "SELECT * FROM [My Table] WHERE [My Column]= '" & partNoToCheck & "'"