Content, content, content. It's an obvious part of any interactive experience. In fact, you've probably heard content is king, or queen, or some sort of royalty. Yet, content is elusive. Often, you don't realize your content isn't cutting it until it's too late. Does any of this sound familiar?
Customer confusion and service calls.
These problems and more are documented extensively, so I won't dwell on them. What I will dwell on is the solution. But, first, let's discuss the false ones.
Just because someone articulates a problem well does not mean someone knows the solution. That's when we're susceptible to a false solution. In my many years of experience, I've found these two fake solutions to be very common, very distracting — and very disappointing.
Oh, poor JC Penney. This major retailer fell victim to SEO snake oil, such as buying extensive link placements and other "black hat" techniques. And, JC Penney fell hard, with a detailed and brilliant expose of the situation making The New York Times, no less.
Now, besides avoiding embarrassment, I suggest that you avoid SEO snake oil because it will not bring you results. The spirit of a search engine is to find quality content. A search engine algorithm factors in signs of good content. When someone focuses on tips and tricks to game search engines instead of publishing quality content consistently over time, that person is missing the spirit of SEO. And, sooner or later, that person's results will suffer for it. Google might punish the website or, more likely, the website will get the wrong kind of traffic, or visitors. If you drive lots of visitors to your content instead of attracting visitors who are interested in the content topics, you will be disappointed with the results.
And, now, a big caveat: I don't think all SEO is bad. There are legitimate SEO concerns, techniques and advisors. Just remember that SEO tricks are not magic pills for your content ills. If you're spending lots of time and money on SEO but not much on content, you're on the way to disappointment.
Andy Budd recently discussed a closely related point of view in his recent article. He requests to "white hat" practitioners to distance themselves from the world of SEO, stop talking about search engine rankings and start helping clients deliver real value to their users. Therefore we should stop defining ourselves by the discovery medium and focus on the content itself, he rightfully argues.
dealing with the boss's frustration with the lackluster content.
Sounds awful, right? Unfortunately, this situation is too common. And it needs to stop.
No SEO trick and no technology product alone will solve the content problem for you. The real solution to the content problem is hard work that demands change in your (or your company's) approach to planning, designing and developing interactive experiences. That's what gets results. There's no shortcut. And indeed, the path to content that counts is a hard road. But it cannot be the excuse for compromising the quality of experience we provide to our users.
Content strategy is planning for every aspect of content to get results. That goes far beyond writing the copy. When getting strategic about content, focus on three key areas: analysis, editorial and architecture. While explaining content strategy in detail literally requires a book (or two or three), I'd like to share with you a concise introduction to each area in this article.
Figure 1: Content strategy usually involves analysis, editorial and architecture.
Analysis is taking a magnifying glass to your content situation. The better you understand it, the better you can plan exactly what needs to change to reach the results you'd like to have. Two typical activities in the analysis phase are a content audit and a context analysis. Sometimes, these activities are lumped together into a content analysis. The exact term is not that important as long as you do the analysis thoroughly.
What content types, formats and topics do you have?
How is your content structured?
Where do you have obvious content gaps and overlaps, or redundancies?
When you're ready to try a complete content audit yourself, check out the guide Content Analysis: A Practical Approach.
Context Analysis A context analysis looks at the elements that surround and affect your content. At a minimum, consider and answer these questions about your goal, your users, and your processes.
What is your business or organizational goal? Why?
How will content help you achieve that goal?
Who are your users, or the people you want to attract and influence? Why?
Where (in what channels) are your users looking for content — on websites, on mobile, on social networks?
If you have an existing website or interactive experience, how is it performing?
How do you create, maintain and govern content now?
How do you plan to do so when you launch the website or interactive experience?
What are your competitors doing in the realm of content?
We could discuss analysis for days, but I'd like to introduce other aspects of content strategy to you as well. For a more detailed explanation of this analysis, I highly recommend the analysis chapter of Content Strategy for the Web by Kristina Halvorson. Also, I shared my step-by-step experience in the presentation Content Analysis: Know Thy Content.
The real benefit of analysis is ideas and insights for planning content editorial and architecture. So, let's take a closer look at those sides of content, using the OPEN Forum as an example along the way.
What style or voice should your content have to attract and resonate with users?
What topics and themes should your content cover and when?
Who is responsible for what content?
What are your standards or criteria for credible content?
Many businesses and organizations who are not media properties completely lack editorial oversight for their websites and other interactive experiences. That can result in problems ranging from errors to missing a competitive advantage. Let's turn back to our OPEN Forum example. In the world of finance, much content is a combination of dull explanations or legal mumbo jumbo. OPEN Forum takes a different approach.
Figure 2: In the stodgy world of finance, American Express OPEN Forum offers a fresh approach to content.
The design might not look dramatically different from other finance sites, but the content is much different. To help small businesses, OPEN Forum regularly offers credible content about topics that small business owners care about. American Express produces some content, invited expert columnists create some content, and small business users contribute some content. Even though different authors contribute content, the content is original to OPEN Forum. Can you notice how different it is from aggregating random content or simply optimizing pushy landing pages? Through its consistent voice and handy content on OPEN Forum, American Express has positioned itself as a trusted advisor to small businesses. Because the articles, videos, and podcasts are deeply useful to small business users, they're far more valuable to American Express.
Of course, having so many content contributors poses some risk of creating content that feels disjointed. To reduce this risk, what's going on behind the scenes? The right editorial staff and processes ensure the content from different authors is coordinated. For example, while most websites lack an editor, OPEN Forum has an editor-in-chief. And, for robust editorial review and production, American Express partners with Federated Media. As you plan your content processes, you will consider what roles to hire in-house and what roles to hire as freelancers.
For a helpful start, you might want to consider taking a look at The Yahoo! Style Guide.
So, all of this editorial work sounds interesting, but does it actually get any results? Yes, it does. Since 2007, OPEN Forum has built an audience comparable in size and engagement with other small business media properties. But that's not the best result. In the lucrative small business market, American Express's successful editorial approach is a differentiator. More than that, it's a quiet coup. The results did not happen overnight. They took time. But, compared to its competitors, American Express now owns small business online.
I know what you're thinking. "But American Express is a big company. Should a smaller one care about editorial?" Yes. A smaller company or an individual can do it on a smaller scale, with less content, fewer contributors, and probably fewer visitors. Editorial is about attracting the right visitors (or audience) and holding their interest through content. Size does not matter nearly as much as quality.
That's a basic introduction to editorial. But, content concerns don't stop here. Now, let's turn to architecture.
Architecture plans mostly for the machine side of content — while keeping the people side in mind. Architecture addresses how your content is organized, structured and repurposed. Architecture gets your content to the right place. This planning might start with a site map but won't end there. You likely will need to define content models and taxonomies using metadata. In essence, you need to tell your content management system and other platforms what content you have, where to display it and how to display it.
Let's look at a simple example, again from American Express OPEN Forum. The site has clearly defined templates for its articles, videos and other content types. Those content types come together (or aggregate) as meaningful topic pages. Take a look at this one for innovation. That aggregation happens dynamically because of good architecture.
Figure 3: This topic page brings together all of OPEN Forum's original content about a topic (in this case, the topic is innovation), thanks to good architecture.
When you plan architecture well, you gain other benefits. Both search engines and people will find your content more easily. Your content becomes more accessible and flexible, not to mention easier and more efficient to keep consistent.
That's some basic architecture. Now, let's kick it up a notch. Is OPEN Forum part of AmericanExpress.com, the core American Express website? No, it's not. Now, that might bother some user experience designers and information architects out there. Shouldn't this be one cohesive experience? Yes, it should. But, that doesn't necessarily mean all of the content has to be in one website or in one place. AmericanExpress.com serves more visitors than small business owners. So, putting all that small business content on AmericanExpress.com could easily get in the way of other visitors. Instead, OPEN Forum and AmericanExpress.com link to each other at relevant points.
Figure 4: OPEN Forum is not part of the core American Express site.
Figure 5: NPR structured its content well enough to offer a useful API.
You or your organization might think such multichannel architecture issues are mostly technology issues. Now hear this: They're content issues, too. Consider how your content's architecture will help you reach the right users in the right channels.
My diagram presents the areas of content strategy as a cycle. Now that you understand each area better, let's look further at this cycle.
Before Launch: Architecture Last When you're about to reimagine a website or launch a new one, focus on analysis, then editorial, and then architecture. Why architecture last? Because that way you don't waste time and energy planning areas of a site that you don't need. You avoid scrambling to fill unwanted screens and features with content. You'd never build a house by constructing every possible room, then deciding which rooms you actually need. It should be no different with websites and interactive experiences. Plan the content you need first, then architect it.
"When we're looking at metrics, we're looking at them in light of how we already know our articles work, how we know that they're structured, how we anticipate that an average reader would come in and go through the article from beginning to end. And we can do the same thing for different types of content. So, we have articles, we have top ten lists, top five lists, quizzes, image galleries … and we've developed a different sense of what "normal" is for each of those.
Content Strategy Deliverables This blog post series by content strategy expert Rahel Bailie explains typical content strategy deliverables in handy detail.
Content Strategy knol Started by editorial and content strategist Jeffrey MacIntyre, the knol indexes content strategy definitions, insights, blogs, publications, specialists and more.
A Checklist for Content Work This excerpt from Erin Kissane's new book on Content Strategy, The Elements of Content Strategy, notes some essentials.
Content Strategy Meetups If you want help with content or just some camaraderie, look for a content strategy meetup near you. If not, consider starting one yourself. When I started the meetup in Atlanta, I was happily surprised by the interest from developers, designers and marketers.
Content Strategy Forum, September 2011 This conference in London will bring together an international mix of well-known and new voices in content strategy. I'm as excited to see what others contribute as I am to offer a hands-on workshop.
Also, I recently wrote a book called Clout: The Art and Science of Influential Web Content, which explains practical principles for planning content. Along the way, I included examples from startups, government, higher education, large business, and more to inspire useful ideas. I invite you to learn more about the book.
Really, there's no reason not to take the next step toward better content today. The sooner you move forward, the sooner you'll overcome those content challenges. And, the sooner you'll get results.
. Halvorson, Kristina. 2009. Content Strategy for the Web. New Riders.
. Jones, Colleen. 2011. Clout: The Art and Science of Influential Content. New Riders.
. The Future of Content: Mobile Strategies for Government (panel). Government Web Content and New Media Conference 2011.
Segal, David. February 2010. Search Optimization and Its Dirty Little Secrets. The New York Times.
Jones, Colleen. 2009. Toward Content Quality. UXmatters.
Neisser, Drew. July 2010. What American Express's OPEN Can Teach Us About Social Media. Fast Company.
Lovinger, Rachel. 2010. Nimble. Razorfish.


text:
Graduation Present
Copyright © 2003-2019 Josh Brandon. All Rights Reserved.
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Kellen just looked at his brother waiting for the shouting to start. Once the news sat in, Camden would disown him. Kellen knew it. Any minute.
You're what?" Camden asked wide-eyed trying to make sure he heard right. "What did you just say?" He asked with a softer voice after seeing Kellen look down. He watched as Kellen lowered his head and started to cry even harder. Camden got up out of his seat and moved to sit down next to Kellen. He put his arms around him and pulled his brother close to him. "Wow. You're gay, but I still love you. You are my brother and nothing will ever change that Kellen."
Kellen looked up at his brother suddenly. "You mean you aren't going to disown me or tell me how bad and sick I am? Or'or'that you are a' ashamed of me being related to you?" He stuttered. Tears were willing themselves out of his eyes and down his cheeks.
Now, why would I ever say anything like that? I love you. I could never say that about my little brother. Why would you even think that?"
I don't know, I just thought. Oh, I don't know. Society condemns this so much. I am just scared that everyone will think I am some kind of messed up deviant or something." Kellen cried shaking from the sobs. "I was so scared to tell you. I was certain that you'd hate me."
Well, as long as you don't leave your whips, chains, and handcuffs laying around for me to see." Camden said trying to lighten the mood.
W'wh'what? I would never!" Kellen said flabbergasted. Camden just laughed at him.
Come on, kid. Learn to laugh a little. You are too serious." Camden said in-between giggles.
Ya know, you sure are taking this very well for someone who found out that his brother is gay." Kellen said looking at Camden.
Well let's see, I could be mad or I could be thankful that you weren't telling me you had a fatal disease or something." He said. Kellen put on a serious face and turned his head down again. "Wait, you aren't trying to tell me that you're dying are you?" Now his heart was starting to beat faster. He couldn't lose his brother.
Gotcha." Kellen said looking up laughing.
I am gonna get you for that one. Payback is a bitch, little bro. And apparently, so are you."
Did you just call me a bitch?" Kellen asked. Camden just nodded his head. "I can't believe just you called me a bitch. How'd you like to see how bitchy I can be?"
Oh, come on Kellen. I'm only kidding." Camden said watching Kellen stick his tongue out at him. "Are we ready to go yet? I figured while you're here, we could at least shop."
Kellen finished drinking his coffee and looked over at his brother. "You're right. I just came into millions of dollars. I have to spend it some way right? I may as well spend it on myself." He said wiping his mouth.
I agree. Only, I think it'll take more than millions of dollars to make you look pretty."
Fuck you." Kellen said pushing his brother out of the booth.
Uh, I think I'll pass on that invitation."
What makes you think it was an invitation. That's just wrong. You are my brother for crying out loud." Kellen said making a sour face.
Let's just go." Camden ordered pulling his brother from the seat. They walked out of the cafe and through the lobby. Camden looked curiously at Kellen as his brother clipped an ID to his shirt while walking over to the front desk.
Hello Sir. How can we be of assistance?" The day manager asked looking at Kellen.
Yes, I'm with Nsync's party. My room is on the 15th floor, room 1518. This is my brother Camden Bradley. He is to have access to both floors while we are here." Kellen directed at the man behind the desk.
Yes Sir. We can certainly take care of that. Simply slide this card through the scanner on the elevator car and it will take you to the restricted floors or you can show this pass to the young man on the elevator and he'll take you." The manager said handing Camden a piece of paper
Thank you" Camden replied. The two brothers walked out. Camden gave his car ticket to the doorman and waited for them to bring the car around. When the parking attendant brought the car around they got in and drove through late morning traffic.
How do I look in this?" Kellen said holding a sweater to his chest.
Isn't it a little early for winter clothes?" Camden said. "I mean, It's only what the end of July? You'll buy it now, and when you get back to Oklahoma you'll wish you hadn't bought it."
True, but if David can't return for the second leg of the tour, I'll be touring this winter. Besides, I can buy summer clothes while on the break." Kellen rationalized.
Well, I must admit, It does look good on you. How much is it?"
One-hundred and fifty"
Go ahead and get it."
They spent the rest of the morning and early afternoon going from store to store. After they had lunch, they stopped by Bradley's so that Kellen could see some of the props for the upcoming commercials.
Hey Kellen?" Camden asked looking at a financial spreadsheet.
Yeah?" Kellen replied absentmindedly
What time do you need to be back at the hotel?"
Well, I have a sound check at 5:00. So I should be back at least by 4:00 so I can get to the Gardens in time. Why?"
Well, It's 3:00 now. Why don't we head back to the hotel? I don't want to be responsible for you being late." Camden said putting things away.
Oh, ok. Yeah, we should get going." Kellen said looking at his watch. He started putting papers back in their files.
The interviews had gone okay for the guys, however, JC wasn't cheerful and the guys all knew it. Though none of them knew what was going on, they were gonna find out.
Guys, I don't want to do the sound check today. I'm just not into it. Can we call Ibra and have it moved to tomorrow morning?" JC asked as they got into the limo.
I guess we could call. I don't know whether he'll go for it or not. We can try." Lance said pulling out his cell phone. The limo drove on in silence except for Lance who was talking on his cell.
What's the word?" JC asked as Lance Flipped his phone shut.
The word is, there is no sound check today. We do, however, get to do it tomorrow morning at 10:00. Everyone has to be up by 8:30."
Thanks, Scoop. I owe you one."
JC, I don't mean to pry, but what's with you today? You've been a little short. I mean we all hate Carson." Joey said emphasizing the word 'hate', "But, you never act like that during an interview. And during the shoot, you weren't into it. You were there, but you weren't. So, what's wrong?"
I don't want to talk about it." JC said closing himself off. "It's my thing to worry about."
Wrong." Chris said looking at JC. "If we have to cancel a sound check, then it becomes the group's thing to worry about."
Face it, Dude, you're telling us." Justin said looking towards Lance who nodded in agreement.
JC looked at each of the guys in the limo. He looked down at his feet and started talking in a low voice remembering the events at the hotel. "I saw Kellen with another man this morning."
There was a sudden outburst of "What are you talking about", and "How could he?"
Lance had been talking to Kellen for eight months and things weren't adding up. "That doesn't sound like Kellen. Are you sure it was him?"
Yes, I'm sure. I think I would know my own boyfriend. What? You don't believe me?"
Yes JC I believe you saw Kellen, it just doesn't sound like something Kellen would do. When did you see him, and what exactly did you see him do?" Lance asked.
I had talked to Kellen last night to see if he wanted to eat breakfast with us this morning. He said 'no' that he had 'things he needed to do today'. When I walked to the lobby this morning, I stopped in the cafe to get a coffee and I saw him sitting across the table with some guy. I was about to go up to the table to say hi to him, but when I saw him reach across the table and take the guys hand, I lost it and walked out." JC said recalling the events as he saw them. Tears started down his cheeks. He quickly wiped them away. He didn't want to talk about it anymore. He just wanted it all to be a dream. Kellen had told him he would never cheat on him. He wanted to believe Kellen, but he couldn't deny what he saw with his own eyes. Maybe there was another explanation, but what could it be?
Okay, so maybe this is a guy that Kellen knows." Lance said trying to help sooth JC and defend Kellen.
In New York?" Chris said, "I doubt that. He's from Oklahoma."
Jace, how bout this? When we get back to the hotel, you and I will go down and talk to Kellen. Maybe this is all a big misunderstanding." Justin said. "I'm sure he wouldn't deliberately hurt you like that. I've seen the way he looks at you. He's totally into you man."
Yeah, you're right. We can go talk to him and find out what's going on." JC rationalized as he wiped away the last bit of tears. Anything was better than thinking Kellen was with another guy cheating on him.
The two brothers arrived back at the hotel. After they pulled up, Camden gave his keys to the valet, and caught up with Kellen who was walking into the hotel. "Ya know, you could've stayed at my house while you were here. You're always welcome."
I know, but while I'm on this job, I have to stay with the group. Besides, it isn't all that bad. I get to spend a lot of time with my boyfriend." As quickly as the words left his mouth, Kellen wished he hadn't said anything. He quickly covered his mouth and looked sheepishly at his older brother.
Say wha? You didn't mention that you had a boyfriend this morning." Camden said looking at Kellen wanting to know who it was that had captured Kellen's heart.
Well, you never asked Cammy." Kellen said playfully jabbing his brother.
I'm asking now so tell me." He ordered eagerly wanting to know the goods.
When we get back to the room, I'll tell you." Kellen said wondering if it was all right to at least tell his family about JC. He wanted to respect JC's privacy, but this was family. Kellen noticed that Camden seemed to be moving a lot more quickly now. They got to the public elevator and walked in.
What floor Sirs?" the bellhop asked.
Fifteenth." Kellen replied
I'm sorry Sir, but that floor is restricted. I can't take you up without proper ID." The bellhop said. Kellen fished through his wallet and pulled out his Nsync Identification. "Of course Sir. Thank you." The elevator slowly moved to the 15th floor. When it finally reached Kellen's floor, they both got off, walked through the elevator corridor, and turned to go down the hall. Kellen slid the keycard through the lock and opened his door.
Ok, we're here so start talking."
What's to talk about? I have a boyfriend. That's all there is to tell." Kellen said taking things out of several bags.
Ya know, I'd hate to have to call Mom and tell her about all this." Camden said suggestively.
You wouldn't." Kellen said turning around.
You're right, I wouldn't, but I still want to know about this boyfriend of yours. What's his name? What does he do? Anything."
Promise me you won't tell anyone. Not even Mom and Dad." Kellen said n a serious tone.
O come on Kellen. You know me."
Promise me."
Ok, I promise."
Ok, first, his name is JC Chasez." Kellen said putting a shirt into his suitcase.
No fucking way! You're shittin me." Camden said surprised. "JC Chasez your hero? The same JC that is one-fifth of Nsync?"
One and the same."
Wow. That is, well it's good news I guess. You're both high profiles in a way. You in the business world and he in the entertainment world. I guess it also helps that you both work together."
Yeah, it does. I really like him."
I'm confused though. You told me you were gay, but you went out with Ashley. Forgive me, I may be a little slow." Camden said helping Kellen fold his new clothes.
Well, I really was interested in Ashley. I thought she felt the same way about me. I didn't think I would ever be in love like that ever again. Then I met JC. When I saw him in that elevator, I just knew there was something there." Kellen said thinking back to that day in Denver when his heart stopped and lightning bolts went off in his head.
So, was it fireworks?" Camden asked.
Well, for me it was."
So how did you two get together? You've only worked with them for almost a month, if that."
It was kind of weird. We were on our way here. I was helping JC write a song for their upcoming album and when we both stood up, the bus slammed on its brakes. We fell on top of each other and BAM! I don't think I could've resisted kissing him. He looked so good."
How did the rest of the guys take it? Or do they not know?"
They know. They walked in on us kissing on the floor."
I would love to have been a fly on the wall when that happened. I bet there was more suspense and tension on that bus than anywhere on the planet."
It wasn't comfortable that's for sure. We told them how we felt about each other and that we wanted to see where our relationship could go."
So you've only been going out for a week?"
Yes, but it's been a great week. He is so romantic Camden."
That's what I've heard. 'JC the Romantic' At least, that's what all their fans say." Camden said sitting in the chair across the room. "So, when is the tour over?"
Uh, let me think. We have a show tomorrow night, and then we go to Hershey, then to Joliet. After that, we go back to Orlando. I have some business to take care of there before I go back to Oklahoma." Kellen said zipping up his suitcase.
What kind of business are we talking about? Store business? If you need help with the store in Orlando, I can fly down." Camden offered.
Actually, I'm buying a house after the tour is over. I've been looking online at several reality companies, but I haven't found the house I like so I think I'm going to talk to beg Mom and Dad for the mansion in Orlando."
You're joking right." It was more like a statement than a question. "Does Mom know?"
Nope. And I want to be the one to tell her."
She is going wig." Camden said. "I glad you're telling her and not me."
Well, I'll be nineteen in a few days, I may as well start my life now. Get out on my own, ya know." Kellen put his suitcases on the floor and straightened his bed. Camden sat in the chair thinking about his brother. "Hey, I need to go. I have to be at the sound check and you need to go meet your wife for dinner."
Kellen grabbed his cell phone and walked over to the door. He opened it and held it open until Camden walked out. After he shut the door, Kellen turned around to face his older brother. "It was really good seeing you again. You don't know how much I've missed you. Call me later tonight okay."
Okay. It's been great seeing you again also. I've really missed you since last time you came up." Camden said. He moved closer to Kellen and put his arms around the eighteen-year-old for a brotherly hug. Kellen returned the favor. They shared a hug for about a minute before Kellen picked his brother up off the ground in a bear hug. "Man, I'm going to miss you Bro." They both started walking down the hall to the elevators. Camden pushed the down button and Kellen pushed the up button. They waited until two dings sounded and then each one got into his elevator.
The door opened and five guys walked into the five-bedroom suite. Lance went into his room to get more comfortable, Joey and Chris sat down and turned on the TV, JC walked in and stood watching the TV waiting for Justin to put his things away so they could go see Kellen. "Hey Curly, are you almost done in there? I want to go talk to Kellen." JC said fidgeting.
Yeah, I just need to grab my bandanna." Justin said tying the cloth on top of his head. "How do I look?"
Like an Idiot?" JC responded.
Ya know C, you're starting to get really cocky." Justin said looking at his best friend. "My little baby's all grown up." He said imitating JC's mom.
Oh, come on. Let's go." The two made their way out of the suite, down the hall, and to the elevator. When the doors opened, they both walked in.
Where to Sirs?" The doorman asked.
Floor 15." JC said getting more and more nervous with each passing second.
Hey" Justin said in a soft voice. "Don't worry C. Were gonna get this straightened out." He patted JC on the back as the elevator stopped.
JC's Point of View'.
The doors opened and Justin and I started walking out. We started walking down the corridor, just past the other elevators. As we came around the corner, I saw Kellen's door open and out walked the same guy I saw him with this morning. So many thoughts spun through my head. Kellen was with this guy all day. He even took him to his room. They say that you can feel your heart being ripped out and stumped on, well it's true. I quickly caught hold of thoughts and pulled Justin back around the corner. We both watched where Kellen couldn't see us. I could hear everything they said to each other. And it hurt.
It was really good seeing you again. You don't know how much I've missed you. Call me later tonight okay." I heard Kellen tell the guy.
Okay. It's been great seeing you again also. I've really missed you since last time you came up." The other guy responded.
Then I saw them grab each other in a hug. I lost it. The tears just started flowing. How could he do this to me? I thought he loved me. I had to get out of here. I turned around, pushed open the door and ran down the stairs. I knew Justin ran after me, but he was too late. He thought I went back upstairs. 'Good.' I thought. I needed to be alone. I couldn't stop thinking about what happened. Each flight of stairs brought another round of tears and I didn't stop running. After what seemed like an eternity, I came to the basement. I opened the door and ran out into the parking garage. I looked around at the different vehicles. Once I spotted the bus, I ran to it, entered the code on the door and stepped back as the door opened. Once on, I ran to my bunk and crawled in. I laid my head on the pillow and cried harder and harder. I don't know why. How could this be affecting me? We've only gone out for a week. But then I remembered what Bobbie did to me. She cheated on me also. I lavished her with gifts and affection and she cheated on me. Now it was obvious that Kellen was no different. I thought about everything they could have possibly done when they were in his room. Were their hands on each other? Did they rub each other, and please each other? I didn't know. I didn't want to know, because it hurt too much. As I laid there thinking about it, my hand caught something. I pulled it out from under my pillow.
Kellen's bandanna." I said to no one in particular. I brought the object to my face and inhaled his scent. I could smell the green apple shampoo Kellen used in his hair and a hint of the cologne he wore. I just brought my head down on it and cried again. What was wrong with me? Why did everyone I date have to do this to me? He should have known better after what his girlfriend did to him. He should have known better. I tried to stay awake, but my eyes got heavier and heavier and before I knew it, I was asleep.
Kellen's Point of View'
I waited for the elevator to stop on the next floor. When the doors opened, I walked out and made my way down the hall to the guys' suite. I couldn't wait to see Josh. I was so happy. My brother had accepted me. I couldn't wait to tell him. I knocked on the door and waited for one of the guys to open it.
Oh hey, Kellen. What's up?" Lance said motioning me to come inside. I walked in and saw Joey and Chris sitting on a couch. Lance walked past me and took his seat on one of the over-sized chairs.
I was wondering if Josh was around. I wanted to talk to him." I said
He and Justin left about 10 minutes ago. They said they were going to come talk to you." Chris said looking up from the TV
Hmmm'well, I haven't seen them. I'm ready to go to the sound check."
Oh, it's been cancelled. Jace hasn't felt very well today and didn't feel up to it tonight. We'll have tomorrow morning." Lance informed.
'JC didn't feel well' I thought. I started to worry about him. I hope he didn't catch something. I heard the suite door open and turned around. "There you are. Hey Justin, how's it going?"
I noticed that Justin looked like he had been running.
YOU SON OF A BITCH!" He yelled at me. Then, he started running at me. Before I could duck, I felt his arms tackle my waste. I tried to escape his grasp, but he was holding me too tight. Suddenly I felt an extreme pain in my back and my head as I hit the wall full force. My head started to spin and I could feel the wind being pulled out of me.
You mother fucking son of a bitch! How the fuck could you? He trusted you!" I heard Justin yelling. Then he began to violently shake me. I started to get dizzy and then I felt liquid coming out of my nose. Blood?
Justin!" I heard Lance yell. "What the hell are you doing?" Get the hell off him!"
Though my vision was blurred and the feeling of dizziness, I saw Joey and Chris run over and pull Justin off of me.
Let me go!" Justin yelled.
Not until you calm the fuck down." Lance said looking at Justin.
But you don't know what we saw. You didn't see him with his arms wrapped around that other guy. And you didn't hear the things they were saying to each other. You didn't see JC cry and run away with a broken heart."
I brought my hand to my face and felt the wet substance. Pulling my hand away, I saw my own blood. I hated seeing blood. It made me nauseous. I tried to get up and get out of there. I couldn't risk Justin getting free from their grasp. I gripped the wall and used it to help me stand. As I stood, I felt the dizziness come over me, but I made it to the door. I shut the door listening to the four of them arguing. I ran down the hall towards the elevators. I staggered into the only opened car and pushed the lobby button. I had to lean against the walls to balance myself. 'Thank Goodness no one else needed to go to the lobby' I thought thinking of what people would say looking at my present appearance. Suddenly I remembered something that Justin had said, 'You didn't see JC cry and run away with a broken heart.'
Oh my God. Josh thinks that I cheated on him with Camden? He ran away." I said out loud. I had to find Josh and straighten things out. Even if I was bleeding and dizzy, I had to find my boyfriend."
God Justin, I can't believe you!" Lance said with a raised voice. He turned his attention to Kellen, but no one was there. "Oh fuck!" He said looking at the spot where Kellen fell. He expected to see Kellen laying there but instead saw several dozen bloodstains in the carpet and several long smears on the wall leading towards the door. "Oh my God, he's bleeding." Lance just stood there motionless. JC was missing, Justin assaulted Kellen, and now Kellen was wondering around bleeding, and by the looks of it, badly.
Joey and Chris let Justin go and ran to the door to go find Kellen. As they started to run out into the hall, they slid to a stop almost running into the very man Justin saw Kellen with.
Justin looked up and started glaring at the man.
Hi. Um sorry to interrupt, but have you seen Kellen Bradley? I left my cell phone in his room." The man said looking from Joey to Chris then to Lance and finally Justin.
That's the guy!" Justin almost sneered.
Who are you?" Joey asked looking at the guy.
Oh, I'm sorry. Where are my manners, my name is Camden Bradley? I'm Kellen's older brother."
Three jaws dropped. Lance, Joey, and Chris looked at Justin. He looked down at the floor, rubbing his temples, repeating the same thing over and over. "Oh God, what have I done? What have I done?"
TO BE CONTINUED . . .
Any questions or comments can be emailed to me at Josh Brandon
I would like to hear what you the readers have to say about my story. But please, don't send me flames. I would never do that to other people.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Q: Question about docker run command parameters, -t -i I am confused about these three commands, I don't know the difference among them. Sorry, I am new to docker.
I can not see the difference from the result.Could anybody tell me the difference?

*

*docker run -it IMAGE_NAME  /bin/bash

*docker run -i IMAGE_NAME /bin/bash

*docker run -i IMAGE_NAME

A: From the docker documentation

-t              : Allocate a pseudo-tty
-i              : Keep STDIN open even if not attached

For interactive processes (like a shell), you must use -i -t together in order to allocate a tty for the container process.
docker run -i imagename /bin/bash
This will attach a shell to the container. You can run any shell command on the shell.
docker run -i imagename
This will dump the stdout on the terminal. Similar to docker run  but with ability to take input from pipe.

A: Docker run command has some parameters to run command in Detached  or Foreground mode.
-i and -t falls under Foreground mode.
-i    : Keep STDIN open even if not attached
-t    : Allocate a pseudo-tty

In case of -i whenever you run docker container command passed to it will be fired. in your case  "/bin/bash"
Note from Doc

For interactive processes (like a shell), you must use -i -t together
  in order to allocate a tty for the container process. -i -t is often
  written -it as you'll see in later examples. Specifying -t is
  forbidden when the client is receiving its standard input from a pipe,
  as in:

More Detail Here

A: docker run -it IMAGE_NAME /bin/bash --> you will be able to enter into container if you use -i(interactive) option (which is for executing any commands in the container) and -t(tty) which gives you the terminal to enter any command, /bin/bash is the type of linux shell (eg. sh,ksh,bash etc.)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
History Kasaragod
In the olden period, Kasaragod was an important trade center of the Arabs who came to Kerala during the 9th century. This place was called by them as Harkwillia. The north part of Kasaragod was believed to be the part of Tuluva kingdom while the southern part was under the control of the Chirakkal royal family. When Kasaragod was part of the Kumbala kingdom, there were about 32 Malayalam and Tulu villages each at that time. While Kasaragod was under the control of the Kolathiri Raja, the Vijayanagara Empire attacked Kasaragod. During its decline the administration of this region was settled with the Ikkery Naiks. When the Vijayanagara Empire declined in 16th century, Vengappa Naik freed Ikkery.
The capital of Ikkery Naiks was Bedanoor and it was captured by Hyder Ali in 1763. Later almost the whole of Malabar came under Tipu Sulthan, son of Hyder Ali. In 1792, Malabar region except Tulunadu was surrendered to the British by him. British managed to get Tulunadu only after the death of Tipu Sulthan.
Earlier Kasaragod was part of Bekal taluk of South Canara of Bombay Presidency and then when Kasaragod taluk was formed; it became a part of Madras Presidency in 1882. Later when the states were reorganized and Kerala state was formed, Kasaragod became a part of the Kerala state. Several leaders like Mohammed Sherul Sahib and Kandige Krishna Bhat played a great role in the struggle for freedom of our country. Besides, there were many other leaders who took part in the National movement. As part of National movements there were fights by the agrarians in order to stop the exploitation by the landlords.


text:
Accepted name: Dendrochilum odoratum (Ridl.) J.J.Sm., Recueil Trav. Bot. Néerl. 1: 80 (1904)
Subgenus – Platyclinis. Section – Platyclinis.
Platyclinis odorata Ridl., J. Straits Branch Roy. Asiat. Soc. 39: 72 (1870).
Sumatra and Peninsula Malaysia
1520 metres in Sumatra
In Sumatra this species was collected by Carr along the Merek to Sidikalang Road.
On Peninsula Malaysia this species has been collected from Fraser's Hill in Pahang and within the Cameron Highlands.
The pseudobulbs are shaped cylindrical and measure 6.25-7.5cm long. The leaves are petiolate; the petiole measures 5cm long. The leaf blades are shaped lanceolate and have more or less acute apices. The leaf blades measure 22.5cm long and 1.9cm wide.
The inflorescence is nodding and measures 30cm long.
The flowers are greenish-white. The sepals and petals are shaped lanceolate and have acuminate to acute apices. The sepals and petals measure 5.5-7.5mm long. The labellum is entire, recurved and minutely pubescent. The labellum is tongue shaped and has an obtuse apex. There are 2 keels that run the length of the labellum. The column measures 2mm long. The apical hood's apex is dentate or deeply cleft. The stelidia emerge from just below the middle of the column and do not quite reach the apex.
I could not locate the specimen
Other herbarium specimens
National Herbarium Netherlands
Specimen L0269675
Specimen 23126.000
Yes a sweet scent.
Flowering plants have been collected in Peninsula Malaysia during April and June.
Dendrochilum simile
Dendrochilum arachnites
Dendrochilum duplicibrachium (see this page for differences)
Dendrochilum stenochilum
Dendrochilum planiscapum
Dendrochilum beccarii
No further information at this stage.
COMBER, J.B. Orchids of Sumatra, 2001, Royal Botanic Gardens Kew
World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. 17 November 2008. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on the Internet; http://www.kew.org/wcsp/ accessed 17 November 2008.


text:
SatireSports
Razorbacks / Red Wolves Announce Annual Game at War Memorial Stadium
October 13, 2018 Greg Henderson
Hot on the heels of their first baseball matchup with UALR, and ahead of the football game against Ole Miss, the University of Arkansas announced the long-awaited annual matchup against Arkansas State University to take place each year at War Memorial Stadium.
Representatives from both schools were on hand for the announcement and spoke to the years of work to make this matchup happen.
"We have heard from fans across the state about how much they want to see the Razorbacks and Red Wolves play here in central Arkansas each year," Arkansas State athletic director Terry Mohajir said. "After many years of negotiations across multiple administrations, we finally struck a deal to make it happen. Our intramural championship air hockey teams will play each other right here, every year."
The details of the deal have yet to be released, but sources say that a 10-year deal was signed to have each school's intramural champion in team air hockey compete against each other in the press box at War Memorial Stadium each year. Each school will hold an on-campus tournament to determine the winner in October, followed by the winning team representing each school for the state championship game in November.
The game is set to take place on the first Saturday in November each year. Each team will have a 50 ticket allotment to fans with ticket sales split equally between the two schools.
"We are really excited to see this historic matchup take place. The University of Arkansas wants to continue to make progress on intrastate athletic competition, what better way to do it than this," UA athletic director Hunter Yurachek explains. "From the moment I took this job I heard fans talk about playing an annual game with ASU at War Memorial. Now they have it, a great competitive air hockey matchup."
When pressed later in the press conference about the possibility of an annual football game in Little Rock, the ghost of Frank Broyles appeared and shouted "No way in hell!" shortly before possessing the body of Hunter Yurachek.
Greg Henderson
Owner/Publisher/Chief Fire-starter


History Married 3 Sep 1867; by License, to bachelor Neil McSwain; by Rev. Alexander McWilliams; recorded 14 Jan 1869; witnessed by Lauchlin McLean and Isabella McSwain.
[S34] Census of Canada, 1881, Lot 63, Neil McSwain Family #169.


One of my goals for Once Upon a Time was to continue my way through the Sevenwaters series by Juliet Marillier. It's a wonderful series that has been taking me far too long to read! I just finished Heir to Sevenwaters, and can happily report that it's my favorite of the series so far.
This could possibly be read independently of the first three, but there would be spoilers for the earlier books, and sorting out the family members and their various backgrounds and context could be confusing without knowing the first three books.
The heroine of this story is Clodagh, one of the daughters of the Chieftain of Sevenwaters (and if you lose track of the family tree by this point in the series–I did–there are helpful guides at the beginning of the book). Clodagh considers herself a rather dull, domestic type, unlikely to do anything of any great excitement or depth. When her newborn baby brother is kidnapped, however, she must set off on a quest to rescue him from magical forces. And meanwhile there's the question of Cathal, a young man who plainly has some connection to the recent turmoil, but whether for good or ill is much harder to say.
This is Book Four, placing us beyond the original Sevenwaters Trilogy which all tied more closely together. It felt slightly removed from the first three, in tone and focus. Certainly it's still part of the series, still in the same world, but it feels a little bit lighter and a little bit more focused. Of course, when I say "lighter," that doesn't mean there isn't still dark magic and grim adventures! But it deals less with sweeping forces that will decide the fate of entire countries, and the magic has taken a less mysterious turn.
The magic in the previous books was certainly present, but there was a strong Otherworldly mystique to it. We saw the magic folk mostly as very cerebral, very distant figures who drift on the edges of human affairs. This book had more of a straight fairy tale or folklore feel to it, with some elements reminscent of the ballad of Tam Lynn, and the magical creatures more resembling fairies or leprechauns of folklore. I love fairy tales, so I enjoyed this brand of magic.
I liked Clodagh quite a bit, as I always have a soft spot for heroines who don't realize their own strength. I really liked Cathal as the book developed and we learned more about him. Slight spoiler (though not much) to say that I inevitably loved him because I have an equally strong soft spot for grim, forbidding heroes who are hiding hearts of gold. The romance fell together a little easily, but for the most part it was an absolute delight.
There are some clever plot twists in here that I don't want to give away, and some very clever use of stories-within-a-story. I love books that feature the power of stories, and of folk lore as the key to a riddle or the answer to a quest. The novel is immensely engaging throughout, and I found it very difficult to put down during the last 150 pages or so (a common feature of Marillier's writing, by the way).
This is a new author for me, as is the fantasy genre. This Once Upon a Time event spurs me on to try some new titles … Marillier is added to my reading list … thanks!
Wonderful! I hope you enjoy reading her!
Or you could read Wildwood Dancing–it's my favorite!
Thanks for the link (though re-reading my post makes me smile, it was probably more of a spoiler-ific squee than anything else)!


text:
Bahá'í Faith
From Uncyclopedia, the content-free encyclopedia
(Redirected from Baha'i)
A Báhá'í palace. Or a four-star hotel with sky-view suites. Either way, a step in the continual journey of growing closer to God.
The Bahá'í Faith is one of the world's major religions, except that it has few followers, because Muslim governments keep torturing and killing them. The status of Báhá'í as a major religion is evident from all of those thingies it has over the vowels. Residents of the fiftieth U.S. state who insist on spelling it Hawai'i should love Báhá'í, if only based on all the things it gives them to do with their writing hand. The Báhá'í faith, like Hinduism, attracts Americans who mostly want a religion with a lot of foreign words and phrases. The Báhá'í are not tortured or killed in America, just met with blank stares. And that's okay, because they don't go door-to-door peddling copies of The Watchtower.
Báhá'í is sort of Islam Lite, Islam without all the messy slitting of throats and all the time spent figuring which way Mecca is. Báhá'ís can borrow money, their wives can get jobs, and their children don't have to strap on bombs and walk into a restaurant to take down lots of Jews. They don't have to contemplate anything deeper than the Oneness of Man and stuff like that, not unlike Unitarian Universalism. This Lite religion has all the rich flavor of Islam, but goes down easy, glass after glass.
2 Beliefs
4 Outlook
4.1 Current strength
4.2 Political stands
History[edit | edit source]
One of the temples occupied by devotees when the religion relocated to Baja.
For those without comedic tastes, the so-called experts at Wikipedia have an article about Bahá'í Faith.
One evening, long after the end of the Dark Ages, Siyyid "Sid" `Alí-Muhammad announced that he was "the Báb". His mates were almost as drunk, but wouldn't play along. "Gawahn, you're not! You're Sid, not Bob!" But Sid insisted that he was the gateway to divine revelation.
The first task of the Báb, right after convincing his followers that there was some point in marking the accent in a word that has only one syllable, was to realize that he was in fricking Iran, where pikers don't just set themselves up in competition with the established divine-revelation racket. After a few brief years of torture, which served to cleanse the Prophet's mind, and always one step ahead of the police from the Culture Ministry, the Báb moved to Baja California, escaping torture and death. The faithful devotees who followed him became Baja Men, or Báhá'í, and prayed to Baja God (Báhá'ú'lláh).
`Abdú'l-Báhá became leader of the religion, center of the covenant, keeper of the apostrophes, etc., etc., and the sole interpreter of his predecessor's writings. "He told me to publish this one day after his death," `Abdú'l would say. Thus the Báhá'í faith was led by a sequence of visionaries, who infallibly foresaw the future and pointed the way to oneness with God, while showing an uncanny inability to know when they were about to be imprisoned for heresy and blasphemy.
Beliefs[edit | edit source]
Báhá'í embraces an idyllic and pleasant faith in the oneness of humankind. It cheerfully accepts all the prophets of all the other religions as simply an earlier rendition of a gradual human pursuit of perfection. Yes, Abraham, Moses, Jesus, Muhammad, Emo-Hitler, all of them. It goes way out on a limb. Thus, the holy wars between early Muslims and Infidel Crusaders were simply a beta-test of a single world religion that hadn't yet worked out the details of a Universal House of Justice.
Báhá'í regards God as a single, personal entity, who is everywhere and knows everything, and about whom, moreover, it is impossible for you to know anything. God created humans mostly, well, to stare at our navels and think about things. There is an afterlife, but Heaven and Hell are states of nearness to, or distance from, God. No fire, no brimstone, no 83 raisin-eyed virgins, no consequences.
Báhá'í regards certain of its teachings as immutable and universal, and certain others as parochial and temporary. Which are which? TBD. It is constantly changing as a result of the natural evolution of human progress.
Báhá'í who tire of Arabic mumbo-jumbo can effortlessly convert to Unitarian Universalism without changing a single core belief. It works in the other direction as well, as some of us prefer mumbo-jumbo.
Practices[edit | edit source]
The best way to sum up the impact of Báhá'í on your daily life is to imagine you were a Muslim and count all the things you don't have to do any more:
Praying five times a day while facing Mecca is made easier; it's only once a day, facing somewhere else.
Going without eating food for an entire month is made more comfortable by the fact that months in the Báhá'í calendar have only 19 days.[1] Midnight snacks, including four-course ones, are still okay.
Best of all, there is no jihad and no fatwa. So, when you find yourself strolling in an Israeli open market, wired up as a human hand grenade, there is no requirement that you pull the pin.
There is no tithe to pay to the church. Unfortunately, being based in Baja, there is a tithe to pay to the beat patrolman, and also to several other groups of shady-looking men, each of whom claim to be the neighborhood's night watchmen.
Báhá'í esteems marriage and therefore condemns pre-marital sex and homosexuality. This is a daring stand, seeing that placing actual constraints on personal conduct is tying Catholicism in knots and has split the American Episcopal church right down the middle. Presumably a work-around is to practice Báhá'í in a place where gays can marry.
Non-esteemed forklift-driving, probably preceded by non-esteemed booze-drinking.
Like Islam, Báhá'í prohibits gambling and the consumption of alcohol, and at the moment there is no work-around for this. It also condemns gossip and backbiting, to completely take the fun out of things.
Báhá'í esteems work as an expression of spirituality. It places on a plane with prayer and worship the adept driving of forklifts. This would be comparable to the spirit of German Protestantism that settled the American plains, as opposed to the religion that has taken its place, televangelism, whose spirituality is expressed in TV dinners and The Nashville Channel.
Outlook[edit | edit source]
Current strength[edit | edit source]
Báhá'í sources have estimated the worldwide population to be above 5 million. Even if you buy asking an organization for figures on its own strength, this estimate puts it somewhat behind the number of people who believe that the September 11 attacks were an inside job by Jews at the CIA, and well below the number of people who think the manned moon landing was a Photoshopped fake. The Britannica Book of the Year lists Báhá'í as the second largest religion in the world, if you exclude all the really big ones.
Political stands[edit | edit source]
Unfortunately, Báhá'í leaders have recently embraced big government more completely than, say, the U.S. Republican Party. In the last century, the leadership of the Báhá'í faith has embraced a single world language, a single world government, abolition of extreme wealth and poverty (yup, a single world welfare state), and permanent and universal peace (enforced by a single world army). Clearly, Robin Hood now wears a prayer shawl. The Báhá'í faith has a permanent seat in the UN on commissions considering environmentalism and a single world standard for the status of women. (Wish them luck, as Báhá'í has 0 votes in the General Assembly, whereas Islam, which advocates wrapping all women in duct tape, has about 90 votes.) When all this comes to pass, let's hope you are a member of the In's and not the Out's.
↑ Readers may wonder who needs organized religion to devise a calendar in the first place. If you moved February, could you avoid snowstorms? However, all this came to pass when you needed a cleric simply to disburse correct change in the marketplace.
Báhá'í Ẃóŕĺd Fáíth
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text:
Miracle Hunt: Brain Cancer Survivor Bags Wyoming Elk
Published on November 25, 2022 December 3, 2022 in Wyoming outdoors/News/Hunting
By Mark Heinz, Outdoors Reporter
Mark@CowboyStateDaily.com
Eleven years ago, Kenneth "Chip" Madren was a robust, healthy 13-year-old who loved the outdoors in home state of Georgia.
He was already an avid hunter looking forward to many seasons in the field, his father, Ken Madren told Cowboy State Daily.
Then everything changed.
"He was diagnosed with metastatic brain cancer that had gone into his spine," Ken said. "It was the kind of cancer where they were talking about low probabilities (of survival)."
Chip spent 180 days in hospitals and underwent numerous major surgeries "just to live," his father said.
He survived, but was wheelchair bound and suffered significant vision loss. So, any more hunting seemed out of the question for the young man.
'Powerful Medicine'
But Chip wasn't that easily discouraged.
He was back in the field as soon as possible, thanks in large part to outdoor organizations that help facilitate outings for disabled hunters, Ken said. Among them is Ron Vining's Polestar Outdoors, headquartered in Powell.
"The outdoors community has been very helpful during all of this," Ken said. "I think it has been just as powerful a medicine as the medical things that actually made the cancer go away," he said.
As a way of giving back, father and son founded "Chip's Nation," a pediatric cancer foundation.
And Chip kept taking any chance he could to go hunting.
Opportunity Of A Lifetime
Chip said he's long enjoyed pursuing whitetail deer in Georgia, as well as wild turkeys in several states.
But getting a chance at a bull elk out West was a goal that had long eluded him.
Everything came together this fall, when Polestar Outdoors, the Outdoor Dream Foundation and others were able to arrange for an elk hunt on private land in the Jackson area.
Wyoming has a "fantastic program" through which residents may choose to donate their hunting tags to disabled hunters, Ken said. That's how Chip got his longed-for elk tag.
Family friend Scott Hardy and his son, Will Hardy, joined the hunt. They were there to help with Chip's mobility challenges and share in their own first Wyoming experiences.
Chip Harden said filling a Wyoming bull elk tag was a hunt of a lifetime, and he already is contemplating how to bag a moose. (Photos Courtesy Polestar Outdoors)
Game And Fish Helps
When they arrived, the elk herd that usually migrates across the private property that was hosting the hunt wasn't cooperating, Chip said.
"There was some construction work on a highway nearby, and I think that was messing the elk up," he said. "The elk just weren't there (on the property). But then the game warden found out there were some elk on an adjacent property, and he worked with that landowner to get us permission to go hunt there."
Waiting For Them To Stand
It wasn't long before they were on to four bulls, but the situation required patience.
Chip, ever-tenacious, was up to the task.
"There were four bulls, all laying down," he said. "My vision's not very good. I need some contrast. Those bulls were laying down where it was super-snowy, so it was tough for me to see them. I had to wait for them to stand up."
At long last, the bulls stood.
"I think they finally got restless over us being there and they stood up," Chip said. "Then I could see them really good. Three of the four left, but the fourth one stopped and stayed. I was able to drop him with one shot with a .300 Winchester Magnum."
"I got a nice 6×6 bull," he added.
Chip Marden
Ready To Move To Wyoming
Wyoming's cold was something to experience, Ken said.
"After they field dressed the elk, they put it on a trailer," he said. "When they got it to the game processor, it had frozen to that trailer, so when they tried to winch the bull off it lifted up the whole trailer."
After the hunt, there was still time to enjoy Wyoming.
"We got to visit Yellowstone and Grand Teton," Chip said. "We saw grizzly bears!"
They also saw moose, which Chip said is the next big Wyoming animal he'd like to hunt.
Even the smaller wildlife here is impressive, Ken said.
"You have very well-mannered foxes in Jackson. They always use the crosswalks, I don't know how you got them to do that," he said.
When asked if they plan to return to Wyoming, the father and son answered enthusiastically.
"Are you kidding?" Ken said. "I want to move there."
"Lets go!" Chip replied.
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Coming to Emo's Saturday December 15th, after his Dallas show, legendary rock guitarist Tom Morello brings his award-winning talents to Austin, this time on his own. The Atlas Underground Experience fall tour in support of his upcoming solo album, The Atlas Underground. The tour kicked off in NYC in October and has only a hand full of dates as he gets his feet wet playing his new songs live. The venues, and the tickets are exclusive. He wants to give fans "an intimate, exclusive opportunity to hear [the album] in its entirety before it's released!".
Emo's is definitely the intimate setting Morello is wanting. It seats (actually stands) only 1700 people and is one of the most iconic venues in Austin. The album is a collaboration with amazing musicians like Marcus Mumford (Mumford & Sons), Portugal The Man, Gary Clark Jr. (our local guitar legend), WuTang, Big Boi, Killer Mike, Bassnectar, and more. In a recent interview, he said he "wanted to make the Hendrix of now album" and create a new genre of music with some of his favorite artists. It's something he's been working on for years between all his other projects, including touring with Bruce Springsteen.
Morello was ranked number 40 in Rolling Stone magazine's list of the "100 Greatest Guitarists of All Time" (Wikipedia). Well known for his unconventional guitar style, Morello is best known for alternative Rage Against the Machine, but we've been lucky to see him on stage with other amazing artists like Ben Harper, Soundgarden, Audioslave, Pearl Jam, and more.
Wanna hear some amazing stories of his life and career and hanging with great music legends? This show is it! Plus, he's selling signed copies of the new album! There are still tickets available for this show. Doors are at 7pm and tickets start at only $40.


If you cannot find a deal you feel comfortable making on the forex market, relax. Deciding not to trade is a trading decision in itself, and oftentimes a very wise one. If the state of the market does not suit your current expectations, it is better to bide your time than to make risky trades you are not comfortable with.
It's actually best to do the opposite. If you have a plan in place, then you can resist those temptations to stay in longer than you should.
The US showed a great change in the Forex market by reducing their dependence on gold; realistically they claimed that the strength of the dollar would be equivalent to a Federal promise. This changed from the Bretton Woods system that traditionally used a gold-backed system, where currency was guaranteed with an equivalent amount of gold.


ALL THE BIG ITEMS are updated in this home, shingles, furnace air conditioner & windows replaced from 2014 to 2017. Also updated garage door, kitchen sink, laminate flooring, appliances, sump with battery back up, smoke detectors and more! Huge patio with pergola cover, shed, fenced yard. Over 2,400 square feet of living space, including lower level finish with non-conforming bedroom/bonus room. Excellent location near city parks, shopping, restaurants and easy access to I-35.


Accept that not every friend will last.
Since childhood seeing a long life best friends on movies or film i was inspired and envy by them. Take an example like Totally spies, the very first english cartoon that i watch and always watch throughout my childhood. Alex, Sam and Clover are the main characters and they've been best friends since elementary school and were inseparable. I want to have a relationship like them a very good friendship relationship that last long.
Just imagining i'm still with my elementary school friends throughout college and we mostly knew about each other, even though our school are separated we often calls or text, they're loyal, when they're sad i come to them vice versa.
Until know i still trying to maintain my friendship with the people who i called 'Best Friend' and even though it's hard i still try my hardest to maintain it. Maintaining a friendship is almost the same as maintaining a relationship. Some will get bored, some will always reject every hangout that i plan, and sometimes it's a one sided love... i really want to maintain the friendship bond while he/she just... feeling plain about it or doesn't really care about it.
Yes i get it. The new ones are fresh, you never saw them never knew them personally so it's fresh to meet and get close to them. Plus the new best friends on high school is the friend who you meet like 12 hour everyday for 5 days of school so i get why it's easier to communicate and vent. But it's not like we can't meet our old best friends too right? after school or on weekend?
I personally would and can meet my old best friends on weekend or after school, just hanging out or personally talking and i wouldn't mind. Also, for the sake of maintaining or friendship.
I don't even know what 'best friend' is.
I bump into this video on Youtube a while ago, and it made me open my eyes a bit and make me think a lot.
Yes, we can't expect somebody to change in one day, we can't expect somebody to love all what we do, and we can't expect that every friend we have will be there for us forever.
And there are a lot of typical friends that you have or has. Because everybody has different character so does friend.
It's like your trying to fix and maintain a relationship with your partner but your partner doesn't even care about you doesn't bother you.
I still try to maintain my friendship with my old best friends like chatting with them and hanging out with them at least once every month but i won't force myself or trying to softly force my 'best friends' and stop harming myself nor blaming myself for the problem that i am even not in fault.
So at 18 years old.


The global shipping containers market was valued at $8,705 million in 2015, and is expected to reach $12,083 million by 2023, growing at a CAGR of 4.5% from 2017 to 2023. Containers are designed to be lifted vertically from above by cranes and transferred from ship to shore and between other forms of transport such as trains and lorries, to carry cargo. Therefore they need to have strength in the top corners where they are engaged by the twist locks of a container lifting crane. The corner castings in the top corners of the container are therefore points of strength.
Shipping containers are driven by improvement in transportation services, growth of seaborne trade, increase in number of manufacturing facilities, availability of low cost labor in China, and increase in demand for efficient transportation modules across the globe. Variation in prices of steel, and slow economic growth in countries such as China and certain European countries impede the market growth. Implementation of development programs by government organizations are anticipated to provide lucrative opportunities for the stakeholders of this market such as system integrators, container manufacturers, and component providers.
The market segmentation is based on size of container, product type, and geography. The size of container segment is further classified into small containers (20 feet), large containers (40 feet), and high cube containers (40 feet). The product type segment is bifurcated into dry storage container, flat rack container, refrigerated container, special purpose container, and others. Geographically, the market is analyzed across North America (U.S., Canada, and Mexico), Europe (Germany, France, Italy, UK, The Netherlands, and rest of Europe), Asia-Pacific (China, Japan, South Korea, Malaysia, Singapore, and rest of Asia-Pacific), and LAMEA (Latin America, Middle East, and Africa).
The key players profiled in the global shipping containers market include China International Marine Containers (Group) Ltd., TLS Offshore Containers International, CXIC GROUP, A.P. MOLLER - MAERSK GROUP, Singamas Container Holdings Limited, Dong Fang International Asset Management Ltd., W&K Containers, Inc., YMC Container Solutions, China Shipping Container Lines Co. Ltd., and Jindo Co. Ltd.
The report includes an extensive analysis of the factors that drive as well as restrain the growth of the global shipping containers market.
The market projections from 2015 to 2023 are included along with the impacting factors.
The report also offers quantitative as well as qualitative trends to assist the stakeholders to understand the situations prevailing in the market.
Competitive intelligence highlights the business practices followed by leading market players across various geographies.
China Shipping Container Lines Co. Ltd.


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With: Kristen Stewart, Michelle Williams, Laura Dern, Jared Harris, James Le Gros, Rene Auberjonois, Lily Gladstone, John Getz, Ashlie Atkinson, James Jordan, Sara Rodier, Matt McTighe
Written by: Kelly Reichardt, based on stories by Maile Meloy
Directed by: Kelly Reichardt
MPAA Rating: R for some language
Certain Women (2016)
A Line in the Sandstone
The wonderful American director Kelly Reichardt seems to have been made for short stories. Many great short stories are about moments, experiences, or revelations, rather than plots. Her films — including Old Joy (2006), Wendy and Lucy (2008), Meek's Cutoff (2011), and Night Moves (2014) — all nestle inside moments of quiet and reflection, rather than aggressively moving forward toward a tidy conclusion. So it makes sense that her latest film, and one of her best, Certain Women, comes from three short stories by author Maile Meloy. ("Tome" and "Native Sandstone," appear in Meloy's 2002 collection Half in Love, and "Travis, B." is from her 2009 collection Both Ways Is the Only Way I Want It.)
The stories overlap slightly, just at the edges, and they all take place in Montana, but otherwise, they are separate pieces. Lawyer Laura Wells (Laura Dern) has a troubled client (Jared Harris), who takes desperate measures. Gina Lewis (Michelle Williams) is an unhappy woman who sneaks off for cigarettes and bemoans that her detached teen daughter doesn't seem to like her. She and her husband (James Le Gros) meet with an older man (Rene Auberjonois), to buy a pile of sandstone with which to build their authentically local new house; the meeting reveals subtle things about their relationship. Finally, young lawyer Beth Travis (Kristen Stewart) is forced to drive four hours to teach a class in a neighboring town; there, a shy rancher, Jamie (Lily Gladstone), takes a liking to her.
As with her previous films, Reichardt spends a great deal of time outdoors, capturing moods and weather beautifully, from the pile of sandstone in the front yard to Jamie's truck rolling silently off the road. Jeff Grace's beautifully subdued score underlines this. The first segment is set in the freezing cold, and most of the story takes place in Laura's office, or car, or a dismal shopping mall, peopled by the Powwow Dancers, American Indians in traditional garb, whose members stop to grab a bite at the food court. This time, however, Reichardt tackles interiors as well, including the haunting use of a mirror in the opening shot, to the subtle, emotional shifting during the sandstone negotiation sequence. As with Meek's Cutoff, conclusions to these stories don't necessarily arrive, but they feel totally satisfying. They've given us a glimpse of something happening, characters trying something, perhaps realizing that what they want is out of reach, or perhaps finding finding the strength to go on.


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Israeli Law Restricting Access to Websites Invoked for the First Time
By Adv. Dotan Hammer
Partner in the Internet, Cyber & Copyright Group at Pearl Cohen Zedek Latzer Baratz
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The State Attorney office in Israel has filed the first motions seeking court orders to restrict access to Israeli websites advertising prostitution. These are the first motions ever filed within the ambit of the Powers for Preventing the Commission of Offenses through Websites Law, legislated in July 2017.
The new law empowers a district court judge to issue, on motion by a solicitor from the State Attorney office, an order to Internet access providers to block access to a website used for the commission of certain offenses enumerated in the law, including promotion of prostitution.
A judge may issue the order after he or she are persuaded that an order is necessary to prevent the continued commission of the offense. If a website is hosted on a server in Israel or is controlled by an Israeli person, the law grants the court power to issue an order to take down the website entirely. The first of the two motions filed seeks the complete takedown of a website advertising prostitution. The other seeks a court decision that orders Internet access providers to block access to a website. Just days after the first two motions were filed, the State Attorney office filed eight additional motions concerning other websites advertising prostitution.


Western students can expect a 10 per cent increase in tuition next year as the Ontario Ministry of Education and Training announced yesterday it will give colleges and universities the ability to increase their fees.
Schools can increase average tuition by up to 10 per cent for the 1997-98 year and fees for any one program can be raised up to 20 per cent.
"Overall we will be looking to recoup that 10 per cent," said Greg Moran, Western's VP-academic. Moran said Western's Board of Governors expected the 10 per cent increase and a budget plan is virtually in place already. He said most undergraduate students can expect a 10 per cent increase.
"We're just pleased to finally have some information," he said, adding the university can now put their budget together. Within a week, a proposal of fees should be released, Moran added.
"We had hoped for a little more flexibility than 10 per cent," he explained. "With the kind of cutbacks we've been seeing over the years this fee increase doesn't make up for decreases we've been seeing over the past couple of years."
Elizabeth Speilbergs, an information officer at the Ministry of Education and Training, said by choosing the 10 per cent maximum across-the-board increase, the Ministry struck a good balance between what colleges and universities need to operate without putting too much burden on students.
"It's up to each university if they want to do the increase," she said.
"We're not happy about it at all," said Rick Martin, interim director of the Ontario Undergraduate Student Alliance. He said the government said last year it would not increase tuition until a loan system was in place. "So clearly they broke their promise today."
"Obviously we were hoping for a zero per cent tuition increase," said Dave Tompkins, University Students' Council president. "It will be interesting to see the areas Western decides to raise the most and how much student input they will solicit on those decisions."
Input from students will be sought before the Board makes a final decision but ideas will have to be put forth quickly as the Board is targeting the final budget for the middle of March, Moran said.
He stressed the importance of students and administration working together to ensure that in the long run students will be able to manage the kind of debt loads they will incur.
"We think it's irresponsible of the government to do this without first implementing an [income contingent loan repayment plan]," Tompkins said.
"It is encouraging to see the additional funds pumped into OSAP, the new scholarship initiative and the increased focus on student bursaries, however, it's not enough."
Moran said the administration share the concern students have about not having a ICLRP in place yet and said both groups should continue to pressure the government for one. As well, the administration will make sure they have the best program of scholarships possible.
Another announcement by the government included increasing funds to the Ontario Student Assistance Plan by $150 million from 1995-96 amount. As well, loan forgiveness will be increased from $6,000 to $7,000 for OSAP loans issued after Aug. 1, 1997.
As well, the new Ontario Merit Scholarships, worth about $15 - $20 million will pay tuition for the top two per cent of students at colleges and universities in Ontario.
The scholarship announcement did not address OUSA's concerns though. "Student aid should be going to those who need it," Martin said. Although the measure was intended to attract top students to choose Canadian universities it is not going to help the average student at all, he said.
Martin said Ontario's students have been hit with a 200 per cent increase in tuition between 1985 and 1995 and students in Ontario pay a greater cost of their tuition than those at Harvard.
OUSA will continue to lobby and put pressure on the federal and provincial governments, Martin said. "We're going to be making our views known."


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The Canon of Your Life
"We do not exceed our duty when we embrace your interests, for it was our preaching of the Gospel which brought us into contact with you. Our pride is not in matters beyond our proper sphere nor in the labours of other men. No, our hope is that your growing faith will mean the expansion of our sphere of action, so that before long we shall be preaching the Gospel in districts beyond you, instead of being proud of work that has already been done in someone else's province. But, 'He who glories, let him glory in the Lord'. It is not self-commendation that matters, it is winning the approval of God." 2 Corinthians 10:15-18
The word for "sphere" (or "measure" or "rule" in other translations), in the Greek, is kanona. It means "a straight rod, a weaver's rod (to which the threads of a tapestry's warp were attached), a mason's line, a rule, a standard, a limit, a boundary." And, interestingly, etymologically, it's also the exact word from which our English word, "canon," as in "the canon of scripture," comes.
My friends, knowing Jesus, following Jesus, the call He has for you today is the call He has for you. The "straight, narrow way" is the straight rod for your measure. He is the weaver's rod for your life, forming a tapestry of relationships and circumstances that are only fully known to Him. He is the rule, standard, limit, and boundary for your day today; He is the One forming the canon of your earthly life.
So… will you follow Him today? Will you let Him love the world, to the ends of yourself?
This is what He has for your life!
This is the best version of you that's imaginable!
A Pleasantry on the Ridge
On the eve of the Battle of Cannae (ca. 216 BC) after the Roman general, Varro, had set out his lines:
"Hannibal ordered his forces to arm for battle, while he himself, with a few companions, rode to the top of a gently sloping ridge, from which he watched his enemies as they formed in battle array. When one of his companions, named Gisco, a man of his own rank, remarked that the number of the enemy amazed him, Hannibal put on a serious look and said: 'Gisco, another thing has escaped your notice which is more amazing still.' And when Gisco asked what it was, 'It is the fact,' said he, 'that in all this multitude there is no one who is called Gisco.' The jest took them all by surprise and set them laughing, and as they made their way down from the ridge, they reported the pleasantry to all who met them, so that great numbers were laughing heartily, and Hannibal's escort could not even recover themselves. The sight of this infused courage into the Carthaginians. They reasoned that their general must have a mighty contempt for the enemy if he laughed and jested so in the presence of danger."
Plutarch, The Lives
At the start of this workweek, do you realize that Jesus, looking out across the world and its waywardness, all its fear and uncertainty, is absolutely delighted that you are part of what He's up to? That you have a part in what He's planning to do? That you, along with Him, can laugh in the face of sin, death and the enemy?
You, my friend, are His favorite Gisco for the sake of the Gospel!
Rich & Poor
Do you remember the generosity of Jesus Christ, the Lord of us all? He was rich beyond our telling, yet he became poor for your sakes so that his poverty might make you rich. (2 Corinthians 8:9)
This is a take on Jesus' life and ministry that is never offered before and never offered again in the whole of the New Testament: that, having always been God, having always been the Ruler on the throne of Heaven, He was incalculably "rich" with riches that are inestimable according to our earthly weights and measures. Think about it. When John later tries to describe the glories of the New Heaven, New Earth, New Jerusalem in the Book of Revelation, the best he can generally do to describe all its grandeur and richness is to say, "It's like this" and "like that," where he substitutes in all the finest things human minds can understand.
We cannot understand how glorious Jesus was before!
And He left all that--
For us!
He stepped down from the throne of glory, was born into the midst of vicious Roman rule, became a refugee to escape from murderous King Herod, and then lived three decades in a town of, perhaps, a couple hundred peasants.
All - don't forget! - that He might, then, minister for three years, die to set us free, and ascend to bring us - spiritual peasants that we are - into that very throne room in which this whole plan was hatched.
Today, will we remember the generosity of Jesus, the Lord of us all? He was literally rich beyond our literal telling or understanding, yet he actually became poor for our actual sakes so that his literal poverty might make us actually, spiritually rich!
Will you remember?


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Mashhad is the capital of Razavi Khorasan province, it is located north-east of Iran, bordering Turkmenistan and Afghanistan. Khorasan means sunrise which points out to the tomb of Imam Reza (A.S) the eight Shiite Imam. Khorasan was the largest province of Iran until it was divided into three provinces Razavi Khorasan, North Khorasan, South Khorasan. Mashhad is the first religious city in the country.
Imam Reza Shrine
It is a huge shrine complex of mosque, museum, library. The shrine was expanded during different dynasties, it is one of the amazing pilgrimage places. Every year many Iranian and non-Iranian shiits visit the shrine.
Ghowharshad Mosque
The mosque is located in the south of Imam Reza's shrine. It was built by the order of empress Ghawharshad, the wife of shah Rukh of the Timurid dynasty in 1416-1418. This is one of the masterpieces of Iranian architecture.
Vakilabad Forest Park
It is located 8km north-west of Mashhad. The park covers an area of 70 hectares with a seasonal river. The Vakilabad zoo is opposite the entrance the forest park.
Kang Historic Village-Torqabe
This yalak village is located 19km west of Torqabe town and 29km to Mashhad. It resembles Masuleh but belongs to pre-Islamic period.
(Yalak ; a Turkic term, means summer highland pasture).
It is located 37km north-west of Mashhad, it is considered as the best international unique tourist destination in Iran in 2006, due to its moderate climate, vast gardens, and beautiful scenery.
Tomb of Nader Shah
The current tomb of Nader Shah has built in 1964 in the center of Mashhad, it is known as Bagh-e Naderi. Consisting in a heavy slab of concrete which forms a crypt and a colossal group of soldiers led to battle by equestrian commander. Tow museums have been set up there too.
Khwaja Rabi'a
The amazing tomb is located at the end of Khwaja Rabi'a street. He has been one of the holy prophet's Sahabah; refers to the companions, disciples, scribes and family of prophet Mohammad, and the senior officer of Ali's Army (Son-in-low of prophet Mohammad).
Tomb of Ferdowsi
Ferdowsi the influential Persian poet died in 1020 in Tus the same city in which he was born. His resting place was too plain, until 1934 the new building erected. The tomb composed of a white marble stone, with a museum in the grounds.


This is a collection of photos and images by me. Random, unsorted. Sometimes I'll add a fun fact or two, sometimes I won't. All images are copyright. Ask if you would like to use for educational + non-commercial purposes and/or to buy.


SEOUL, June 21 -- The Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK) has deployed what is believed to be its intermediate-range Musudan ballistic missile in its east coast, Yonhap news agency reported on Tuesday citing a government source.
The source, however, was quoted as saying that no immediate sign of firing has been detected yet.
An official at South Korea's defense ministry told Xinhua that the military is closely watching relevant situations.
The Musudan missile, known to be capable of hitting part of the U.S. territory such as Guam and the outer reaches of Alaska, was test-launched four times, one on May 31, two on April 28 and one on April 15 each.
However, the Seoul's military believed that all of the four test-firings failed as the missiles exploded in mid-air or crashed in waters several seconds after lift-off.
Pyongyang has allegedly deployed the Musudan missiles since 2007. The ballistic missile is considered especially threatening as it if fired from a mobile launcher, making it hard to detect and track in times of military conflicts. It can also carry a nuclear warhead.
The DPRK may test-launch the deployed Musudan missile around the 66th anniversary on June 25 of the three-year Korean War or June 29 when the DPRK's fourth session of the 13th Supreme People's Assembly (SPA) will be convened.
The first session of the 13th SPA re-elected top leader Kim Jong Un as the first chairman of the National Defense Commission (NDC) in April 2014. The SPA, the highest legislative body of the DPRK, is convened once or twice a year.
The possible fifth test-firing of the Musudan missile would be in line with Kim's order on March 15 to test a nuclear warhead and ballistic rockets capable of carrying the warhead"in a short time."
After the seventh ruling Workers'Party of Korea (WPK) congress that lasted four days through May 9, the DPRK repeatedly made dialogue overtures toward South Korea to talk about military matters in order to defuse tensions on the Korean Peninsula.
Seoul, however, had rejected the proposals as Pyongyang had yet to express its willingness to denuclearize. South Korea held fast to its position that no dialogue would be held with the DPRK unless Pyongyang shows its denuclearization will through sincere actions.


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Diversity and the maintenance of sex by parasites
Ben Ashby, Kayla King
The Red Queen hypothesis (RQH) predicts that parasite-mediated selection will maintain sexual individuals in the face of competition from asexual lineages. The prediction is that sexual individuals will be difficult targets for coevolving parasites if they give rise to more genetically diverse offspring than asexual lineages. However, increasing host genetic diversity is known to suppress parasite spread, which could provide a short-term advantage to clonal lineages and lead to the extinction of sex. We test these ideas using a stochastic individual-based model. We find that if parasites are readily transmissible, then sex is most likely to be maintained when host diversity is high, in agreement with the RQH. If transmission rates are lower, however, we find that sexual populations are most likely to persist for intermediate levels of diversity. Our findings thus highlight the importance of genetic diversity and its impact on epidemiological dynamics for the maintenance of sex by parasites.
Journal of Evolutionary Biology
https://doi.org/10.1111/jeb.12590
10.1111/jeb.12590
Author's version
This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: Ashby, B. and King, K. C. (2015), Diversity and the maintenance of sex by parasites. J. Evol. Biol., 28: 511–520, which has been published in final form at: https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jeb.12590. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Self-Archiving.
Accepted author manuscript, 7.82 MBLicence: Unspecified
Dive into the research topics of 'Diversity and the maintenance of sex by parasites'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.
parasite Earth & Environmental Sciences 100%
red queen hypothesis Earth & Environmental Sciences 74%
parasites Agriculture & Biology 67%
gender Agriculture & Biology 60%
genetic diversity Earth & Environmental Sciences 43%
individual-based model Earth & Environmental Sciences 25%
genetic variation Agriculture & Biology 24%
extinction Agriculture & Biology 18%
Ashby, B., & King, K. (2015). Diversity and the maintenance of sex by parasites. Journal of Evolutionary Biology, 28(3), 511-520. https://doi.org/10.1111/jeb.12590
Diversity and the maintenance of sex by parasites. / Ashby, Ben; King, Kayla.
In: Journal of Evolutionary Biology, Vol. 28, No. 3, 03.04.2015, p. 511-520.
Ashby, B & King, K 2015, 'Diversity and the maintenance of sex by parasites', Journal of Evolutionary Biology, vol. 28, no. 3, pp. 511-520. https://doi.org/10.1111/jeb.12590
Ashby B, King K. Diversity and the maintenance of sex by parasites. Journal of Evolutionary Biology. 2015 Apr 3;28(3):511-520. Epub 2015 Feb 12. doi: 10.1111/jeb.12590
Ashby, Ben ; King, Kayla. / Diversity and the maintenance of sex by parasites. In: Journal of Evolutionary Biology. 2015 ; Vol. 28, No. 3. pp. 511-520.
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title = "Diversity and the maintenance of sex by parasites",
abstract = "The Red Queen hypothesis (RQH) predicts that parasite-mediated selection will maintain sexual individuals in the face of competition from asexual lineages. The prediction is that sexual individuals will be difficult targets for coevolving parasites if they give rise to more genetically diverse offspring than asexual lineages. However, increasing host genetic diversity is known to suppress parasite spread, which could provide a short-term advantage to clonal lineages and lead to the extinction of sex. We test these ideas using a stochastic individual-based model. We find that if parasites are readily transmissible, then sex is most likely to be maintained when host diversity is high, in agreement with the RQH. If transmission rates are lower, however, we find that sexual populations are most likely to persist for intermediate levels of diversity. Our findings thus highlight the importance of genetic diversity and its impact on epidemiological dynamics for the maintenance of sex by parasites.",
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AB - The Red Queen hypothesis (RQH) predicts that parasite-mediated selection will maintain sexual individuals in the face of competition from asexual lineages. The prediction is that sexual individuals will be difficult targets for coevolving parasites if they give rise to more genetically diverse offspring than asexual lineages. However, increasing host genetic diversity is known to suppress parasite spread, which could provide a short-term advantage to clonal lineages and lead to the extinction of sex. We test these ideas using a stochastic individual-based model. We find that if parasites are readily transmissible, then sex is most likely to be maintained when host diversity is high, in agreement with the RQH. If transmission rates are lower, however, we find that sexual populations are most likely to persist for intermediate levels of diversity. Our findings thus highlight the importance of genetic diversity and its impact on epidemiological dynamics for the maintenance of sex by parasites.
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Coolpix Nikon L22 with case and lead.
Coolpix Nikon L22 with case and lead. Excellent condition. Hardly used. Will consider reasonable offers.
Olympus E620 Digital SLR Camera with battery grip, bag and accessories.
D40 camra in good condishoon been looked after selling for £80 bargain really.
Nikon D4 body only for sale. Includes 3 compact flash cards and two xqd cards + xqd reader.
Canon 6d, excellent condition and low shutter count (4500).


Your school district website is one of the best ways for you to communicate with parents, students, staff, and community members. It provides much-needed news on upcoming events and other valuable data, but it's far more than an information resource. It provides true value by providing a way to stay engaged.
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We chose Neon Rain due to their previous success with school district websites. Their creativity, experience, and technical abilities put us on a platform that will serve us well for many years to come.