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2013 Workshop on
Computational Models of Narrative
a satellite workshop of
CogSci 2013: The 35th meeting of the Cognitive Science Society
Berlin, Germany, 31 July – 3 August 2013
The open access proceedings volume has been published.
Workshop Aims
Narratives are ubiquitous in human experience. We use them to communicate, convince, explain, and entertain. As far as we know, every society in the world has narratives, which suggests they are rooted in our psychology and serve an important cognitive function. It is becoming increasingly clear that, to truly understand and explain human intelligence, beliefs, and behaviors, we will have to understand why and to what extent narrative is universal and explain (or explain away) the function it serves. The aim of this workshop series is to address key questions that advance our understanding of narrative and our ability to model it computationally.
Special Focus: Cognitive Science
This workshop will be an appropriate venue for papers addressing fundamental topics and questions regarding narrative. The workshop will be held as a satellite event of the 2013 Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society (to be held in Berlin 31st July – 3rd August), and so will have a special focus on the cognitive science of narrative. Papers should be relevant to issues fundamental to the computational modeling and scientific understanding of narrative; we especially welcome papers relevant to the cognitive, linguistic, or philosophical aspects of narrative. Cognitive psychological or neuroscientific experimental work which may provide insights critical to computational modeling is appropriate for this workshop, and is encouraged. Discussing technological applications or motivations is not prohibited, but is not required. We accept both finished research and more tentative exploratory work.
Illustrative Topics and Questions
What cognitive competencies underlie narrative, and how may they be studied?
Can narrative be subsumed by current models of higher-level cognition, or does it require new approaches?
How do narratives mediate our cognitive experiences, or affect our cognitive abilities?
How are narratives indexed and retrieved? Is there a universal scheme for encoding episodic information?
What comprises the set of possible narrative arcs? Is there such a set? How many possible story lines are there?
Is narrative structure universal, or are there systematic differences in narratives from different cultures?
What makes narrative different from a list of events or facts? What is special that makes something a narrative?
What are the details of the relationship between narrative and common sense?
What shared resources are required for the computational study of narrative?
What should a "Story Bank" contain?
What shared resources are available, or how can already-extant resources be adapted to the study of narrative?
What impact do the purpose, function, and genre of a narrative have on its form and content?
What are appropriate formal or computational representations for narrative?
How should we evaluate computational and formal models of narrative?
Mark A. Finlayson (Massachusetts Institute of Technology, U.S.A.),
Bernhard Fisseni (Universität Hamburg & Universität Duisburg-Essen, Germany),
Benedikt Löwe (Universität Hamburg, Germany & Universiteit van Amsterdam, The Netherlands),
Jan Christoph Meister (Universität Hamburg, Germany).
2012 Workshop on Computational Models of Narrative
Istanbul, Turkey, 26–27 May 2012
2010 AAAI Fall Symposium on Computational Models of Narrative, (report)
Arlington VA, U.S.A., 11–13 November 2010
2009 MIT Workshop on Computational Models of Narrative, (report)
Beverley MA, U.S.A., 8–10 October 2009
Last Changed 2019-07-19, 17:16 EDT
PDF-Version First Public Announcement


It used to be one of the island's most crime-ridden neighborhoods, considered a poor community filled with theft, robbery and even murder, but the San Pedro Police this week reported that the neighborhood has been reported crime free since October 2014.
During the last Heads of Neighborhood Watch Meetings, Deputy of Police Henry Jemmott, stated that for the past three months there were no crimes reported in the Sanpedrito Area that is located west of the airstrip. This, he said, was due to the increase of patrols in the area. The neighborhood is also finally showing a growth in infrastructure and the community is slowly coming out of the poverty ranks.
The Police report indicated that increased patrols in North Ambergris Caye have also lowered the crime rate in that area; seven make-shift sheds were destroyed between Blue Reef and Tranquility Bay and the Belize Coast Guard has helped significantly in the patrolling process as well. The area south of the island has always remained a low crime area due to the assistance of a well-organized neighborhood watch group. The problematic area with more crime reports seems to be town core, stated Jemmott. A much-needed neighborhood watch is being suggested for downtown by the San Pedro Police.
Things are looking up in Sanpedrito!
Looks like a day later things arn't looking so good in San Pedrito.Bad for business.
Superintendent Jemmott is serious about fighting crime. His programs are proactive and his responsiveness is impressive. He reaches out, he listens, he acts. Thank you !!!


This is a week long beast of a trip. 7 days, 6 nights. The ultimate visit. Namibia at the top of her game. Luxury accommodation, private plane. Sossusvlei, Skeleton Coast, Etosha. Think sand, shipwrecks, safari.
You'll begin by heading to the Namib Desert; a sea of dunes, a great sand sea. The only true African desert south of the equator. Then you'll fly high along the Skeleton Coast to Swakopmund, a town which seems to have landed here. Incongruous in its setting, an isolated coastal town, a mecca for holidaying Namibians. Next stop, the gemstone beaches of Mowe Bay before you have a complete change of gear. It's Etosha time. Grab your khakis, camera, binoculars.
You'll start with a 2 night fly package to the Namib Desert. The oldest desert on earth. And arid for the past 15 million years. For goodness sake, someone pass it a drink. Actually you don't need to. Ephemeral rivers flow here. Briefly. But then they store water beneath the river bed. Clever.
You'll be met by Simone and given your travel documents. You'll then meet the pilot and check in for your flight and briefing. Sit down, belt up, crosscheck. Private charter flight from Windhoek to Sossusvlei, flight time 1 hour 10 minutes. Look out. Stunning. The Namib Naukluft Mountain Range. Doors to manual and then head to the car where you'll be driven to your lodge for dinner and bed & breakfast.
Ah, the bliss of a guided Sossusvlei excursion. Complete with a picnic lunch in the dunes. And local branded drinks. Which are better than that sounds. Especially when you're hot, hot, hot in the stark, stark desert.
Sossusvlei is the biggest of four pans in the area. Great pyramid piles known as star dunes just, well, sit there. Waiting. Nearby, older and deader (not a real world but a good one in this context) is Dead Vlei. Vader's cousin. These pans afford you the tallest dunes in the world, some as high as the Empire State Building. Dead Vlei was once like Sossusvlei, with the river nourishing desert life. Tis no more. 900 years ago the sand sea finally blocked out the water. Highlights include Dune 45, Big Daddy and Dune Elim. Dune 45 is 170m and 5 million years old. The sand was blown from the Kalahari Desert. It's 45km from the Sesriem Gate, hence the catchy moniker.
Big Daddy thinks he's the main dude with his 325m of sand but he's not. Dune 7 is king, he's 383m high. Elim Dune is rather lovely. Vivid colours which contrast at sunset. High and relatively isolated. By the way, you have a sundowner drive included. Nice. Look out for falcons in the car park trees and bow at the grace of Sesriem Canyon - one of the few places in the area that holds water all year round.
Next stop, the skeleton coast... From the air, it looks rather idyllic. A peaceful sea breaking over the shore. Majestic dunes. From land, it's a different story. With the evidence compelling. It's been hard for man and beast to survive here. Long, skinny, inhospitable. Much like your pilot. In this 6,500 square mile national park, you'll see clay castles, shipwrecks and seals.
You'll fly out of Sossuvlei in a private charter plane. A scenic flight. And what a scene. High above those dunes you were marvelling at yesterday. The sandy cliff like Lange Wand will blow your mind. Old diamond mines. Shipwrecks. Welcome to the Skeleton Coast. After an hour and 30 minutes, you'll land in Swakopmund.
Swakopmund. Palm-lined streets, seaside promenades. An unlikely companion to the Skeleton Coast. Definitely wander. All meals are included as well as daily excursions, park fees and local branded drinks. Highlights include Sandwich Harbour. Approx 30km from Swakopmund, the lagoon, salt pans and the bird sanctuary form the Walvis Bay Wetlands. The most important coastal wetlands of Southern Africa. You'll also take a game drive within the Skeleton Coast National Park. 40 km wide and 500 km long. Wow, you were dished harsh cards if you were born here, whether you're flora, fauna or man. Huge bleached whalebones, rusting ship hulls, dead plants. How nature fights to survive. The footprints of desert animals, searching for sustenance. But. It is a stunning, if lonely place. You'll have sundowners, walks on the beach and fishing on the coastline. You have your tackle box? Your lines, hooks, plastic worms? Chill. Equipment is provided. Can't promise those weird fake worms though. Back on the plane, you'll fly for an hour and a half to Mowe Bay and be driven to your lodge. Staying with the shipwreck theme, you'll visit the remains of Suiderkus and Karimona. Haunting to imagine sailors stumbling through the desert searching for a chance to live. Suiderkus was particularly unlucky. She ran aground in the 1970s - on her maiden voyage... You'll have a 4x4 trip to the Hoanib River Delta. Here there are dozens of clay castles which are tens of thousands of years old. And you can't go to Mowe Bay without a stop off at the seal colony. German ship, The Mowe, made the first official sightings of cape fur seals in 1884. A drive along the Hoarusib River will give you the chance to track the desert adapted elephant. You'll no doubt see the odd giraffe too.
And, just as your appetite has been whetted by those elephants, it's time to head to Etosha.
You'll be driven to the airport for a 1hr 25 minute flight from Mowe Bay to Ondangwa. After a refuel, it's a half hour flight to the eastern side of Etosha. A drive to the lodge. A chance to unwind and get ready to watch the wild world.
Park fees, all meals and local branded drinks are included. As are morning Etosha drives and daily Onguma Sundowner drives. Etosha means 'Great White Place' and is dominated by a massive mineral pan. One of the best things about it is you don't really have to try and find the animals. They will pretty much come to you. It's massive, more than 20,000 sq km. Park your car by a water hole and you're laughing. Like a hyena. They'll be wandering. Wondering - who is this clown? As you cackle away with glee. Lion, elephant, rhino, cheetah, wildebeest, leopard. They all come to drink. And they like a drink so they'll stay long enough for you to fumble in your bag and grab your camera phone. Take it OFF selfie mode and shoot.
And that's your lot. After a morning activity you'll be driven to the airstrip for your flight back to Windhoek.
Private charter flight from Etosha to Windhoek International Airport. You need to be at the airport 2 hours before international departures.


text:
Q: windows - synchronous startup script custom message On windows machine i have configured a GPO so that all startup scripts need to finish before login prompt appears.
During this time you can see "Applying computer settings" and a loading icon.
My question is: Can the text be modified during this script execution to inform the user ? Something like windows update updates the percentage progress.
Example:
Write-Host "Starting Application update"
Start-Sleep -Seconds 5
Write-Host "Configuring Application settings"
Start-Sleep -Seconds 5
Write-Host "Configuring Application settings 25 percent"
Start-Sleep -Seconds 5
Write-Host "Configuring Application settings 50 percent"
Start-Sleep -Seconds 5
Write-Host "Configuring Application settings 75 percent"
Start-Sleep -Seconds 5
Write-Host "Cleaning up"
Start-Sleep -Seconds 5

Thank you all

A: You can use the verbose option in group policy, this should then display what is happening during the startup of the PC and what it is doing rather than just saying applying computer settings.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Glo Domes has Missoula covered: Entrepreneurs find the fun in downsizing
By Renata BirkenbuelSeptember 4, 2019
September 4, 2019 By Missoula Current
Chirag Patel and Ryan Duarte are proprietors of Missoula-based Global Domes. A model of their creation is on display through the end of the year in Southgate Mall. (Courtesy photo)
At Glo Domes, Missoula-based co-owners Ryan Duarte and Chirag Patel seem to have the Missoula market covered.
From large horse arenas, festivals, backyard Airbnb, a private family escape or a more immersive luxury shelter experience deep in the woods, Glo Domes and their energetic creators are tapping into a market that may make downsized living more affordable and fun.
Since the company is negotiating specific deals that could boost the Glo Domes bottom line, forward-thinking Duarte said he wants to hold off on any such announcements.
"If our big one (deal) goes through, we'll 100 percent be making a lot of jobs next year," he added.
Trendy, but based on a 1950s-era patent, the geodesic dome borrows gravitas from the glamping industry and the current Airbnb craze. But the Glo Domes demographic reach is wider.
For sure, the company's geodesic dome on exhibit at Southgate Mall through Jan. 1, 2020, draws a wide range of visitors entranced with the possibilities of living a simpler life in a comfortable structure that can go up in one day. The luxury elements vary, depending on customer taste and purpose.
Chirag Patel
"We put it up like an art exhibit so people would walk through it and experience it," said Duarte, who also owns Montana Root Applications, a Missoula-based mobile apps software company. He is an Arizona State University engineering management graduate.
Chirag Patel, 26, graduated from the University of Montana an MBA. He is the founder of MVO Capital.
Patel, said a main company objective is to "make things greener again. These structures as eco-friendly and semi-permanent, meaning if you put one up as a guest house in the back yard for grandma and grandpa – or as an Airbnb, it can be relocated."
"We just trying to provide solutions for people who have property in this area," added Patel. "And helping to monetize your space in the most efficient manner."
Customizing a dome runs the gamut.
"We can make anything dome-related, including green houses," said Duarte, 37. "Some will use it for storing hay or heavy equipment like tractors. We specialize in the soft shells, but if people are interested in the hard shells, we can do that, too."
Glo Domes has four employees. Together, the owners and workers can set up an Airbnb dome in one day and bigger, commercial, festival or other-use domes in a sold full day's work.
Ryan Duarte
With the help of solar financing and a current buyer-friendly solar interest rate of 5.9 percent, now is a good time to invest in a geo dome, said Duarte. The $14,500 model showcased at the mall draws between 15-20 interested customers per day.
"Being in the mall one month has showed us there's a huge interest," he said.
The mall model boasts a solar panel, battery bank and an inverter – plus a set of loft bunk beds that attract kids shopping for back-to-school clothes with their parents.
What else will $14,500 get you?
A dome shell, blocking glass, aluminum door, interior liner, insulation and a solar fan. Each customer selects customized interiors and domes, which can range from 5 meters to 211 square feet. Bigger domes can house several queen-size beds, plus a second level with a wooden floor and various types of heating sources, including a wood stove or radiant heat.
"It takes 40 percent less power to heat or cool a dome than a regular standard-built construction house," he said.
One big demographic draw is women patronizing nearby stores in the mall like Nail Tricks, Cost Cutters and River City Hair Studio.
"We see everybody getting their nails and hair done – a lot of ladies who often are decision makers for the family," said Duarte. "She might want to do solar update on her house and maybe also for the back yard. Or she might decide to do a solar dome."
While the glossy videos on the Glo Dome website appear idyllic, Duarte is adamant that the company fills gaps that an exclusive, expensive glamping experience does not fill.
"We aren't looking for the people who want to go glamping," he said. "We want to look for people who have the ideal property for the dome. All of a sudden, there's that Airbnb income potential in your back yard. Or if you don't rent it out, you can use it as gifts or dedicated family time. This is a portal to dedicated family."
Duarte and Patel employ four workers – all of whom can put together a dome in a few hours or a day, depending on the size and order. They build the domes in two spots: inside at the MontTEC building at 1121 E. Broadway, Suite 118, neighbor to Missoula College; and in Victor, where Duarte resides with his family.
Solar power as an efficient alternative plays into the Duarte's sales pitch. He said buyers are eligible for a 30-percent solar federal tax return, in addition to the low interest rate.
"That's a really great benefit, just until the end of the year," added Duarte. "So we're trying to tell as many people as we can."
But individuals who tour the dome model in the mall often return a second and third time before succumbing and buying one.
"Our process is a long sales cycle, and usually not on the first visit," Duarte said. "A lot of people will come back, then back again. We want to bring about enough orders so that we can scale up our production and produce them in Missoula."
A geo dome differs greatly from a yurt, a tiny house and a container house, he added.
"Those are modified containers – you insulate the inside and you live in a box. That's the opposite of our product. We have 14-foot ceilings and we also make domes much larger, to cover a horse area or home sizes, like 2,000-square feet. Each interior will be unique to the customer."
Duarte said his company uses Radiant Barrier Insulation – the same used on the Space Station and in recreational vehicles – among other high-end materials.
After reading about Buckminster Fuller's popularized 1950s patent of the geodesic dome, Duarte became enthralled with the structure and sought angel investors.
"I saw there's a huge need for a glamping supplier who makes a Montana-made product that can hold up to Montana winters," said Duarte. "I thought I could specialize in this product that I love, that I am passionate about and can make a lot of jobs."
Patel eventually came on board as a full-fledged co-owner when he caught the geodome bug, too.
So if a certain potential deal goes through, Duarte said Glo Domes can make a big local impact.
"If we do, it can change Missoula in a really big way and I think Missoula will be known for domes in the future."

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Q: Upper bound on $\lambda_{max}(V_t)/\lambda_{min}(V_t)$, where $V_t = I + \sum_{i=1}^{t-1} x_i x^T_i$ Consider a matrix $V_t = I_{d\times d} + \sum_{i=1}^{t-1} x_i x^T_i$, where $x_i \in \mathbb{R}^d$ and $\|x_i\|_2 \leq 1$.
Is it possible to find upper bound (in terms of $d$ and $t$) for  the ratio of the maximum and minimum eigenvalues of $V_t$ that is $\frac{\lambda_{max}(V_t)}{\lambda_{min}(V_t)}$?
I can prove $\det(V_t) \leq \left(1 + \frac{t}{d}\right)^d$ but not sure if it is useful for getting the bound.

A: We will restrict to the nontrivial case $d\ge 2$ (when $d=1$ then $\lambda_\min=\lambda_\max$).
For $$V_t=I +\sum_{i=1}^{t-1}x_ix_i^T$$
we have $\lambda_{\min}\ge 1$ (because $V_t\ge I).$ On the other hand
$$\lambda_{\max}=\max\{ \langle V_ty,y\rangle \,:\, \|y\|=1\}$$
For $\|y\|=1,$ by applying the Cauchy-Schwarz inequality, we obtain
$$\langle V_ty,y\rangle=1+\sum_{i=1}^{t-1}\langle y,x_i\rangle ^2\le 1+\sum_{i=1}^{t-1}\|x_i\|^2\le t$$
Thus $${\lambda_\max\over \lambda_\min}\le t$$
The bound is optimal. Let $x_1=x_2=\ldots =x_{t-1}=e_1,$ where $e_1$ denotes the first vector of the standard basis. Then
$$V_t=I+(t-1)e_1e_1^T$$ and
$$\langle V_te_2,e_2\rangle =1,\qquad \langle V_te_1,e_1\rangle =t$$
Therefore $\displaystyle {\lambda_\max\over \lambda_\min}\ge t.$


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Welcome to Cairns Australia, gateway to the Great Barrier Reef and tropical Far North Queensland, (FNQ for short). Here you can find cheap Cairns hotels, motels and serviced holiday apartments with best online price guaranteed and instant booking confirmation.
Use the search form below to quickly find cheap Cairns hotel accommodation deals with the best online rate guaranteed and instant booking confirmation. There is great last minute availability for hotels, resorts, serviced holiday apartments, motels, hostels and so on in Cairns Australia. You can book your rooms now and pay later, always best online rate guaranteed, no credit card and free cancellation conditions are available as indicated.


text:
Q: Why the bars are on top of each other I'm having trouble creating a side by side bar chart.
The bars are getting on top of each other, I would like them to appear side by side.
When you hover you can see that only half the bar changes color. In console.log shows the correct value of them.

    //set up data
    var sales = [
        {
            "vendnm": "CHARNECA",
            "MonthAbrev": "Jan",
            "Vendas_Ano": 21611.950000000004,
            "Vendas_Ant": 16033.31
        },
        {
            "vendnm": "CHARNECA",
            "MonthAbrev": "Fev",
            "Vendas_Ano": 48108.08,
            "Vendas_Ant": 51142.299999999996
        },
        {
            "vendnm": "CHARNECA",
            "MonthAbrev": "Mar",
            "Vendas_Ano": 13427.280000000004,
            "Vendas_Ant": 21274.129999999997
        },
        {
            "vendnm": "CHARNECA",
            "MonthAbrev": "Apr",
            "Vendas_Ano": 28553.83,
            "Vendas_Ant": 15228.569999999998
        },
        {
            "vendnm": "CHARNECA",
            "MonthAbrev": "Mai",
            "Vendas_Ano": 19639.59,
            "Vendas_Ant": 10291.359999999999
        },
        {
            "vendnm": "CHARNECA",
            "MonthAbrev": "Jun",
            "Vendas_Ano": 22530.840000000007,
            "Vendas_Ant": 21905.29
        },
        {
            "vendnm": "CHARNECA",
            "MonthAbrev": "Jul",
            "Vendas_Ano": 20216.759999999995,
            "Vendas_Ant": 8276
        },
        {
            "vendnm": "CHARNECA",
            "MonthAbrev": "Ago",
            "Vendas_Ano": 39832.04,
            "Vendas_Ant": 49810.810000000005
        },
        {
            "vendnm": "CHARNECA",
            "MonthAbrev": "Set",
            "Vendas_Ano": 12861.52,
            "Vendas_Ant": 24425.32
        },
        {
            "vendnm": "CHARNECA",
            "MonthAbrev": "Out",
            "Vendas_Ano": 9227.34,
            "Vendas_Ant": 17804.65
        },
        {
            "vendnm": "CHARNECA",
            "MonthAbrev": "Nov",
            "Vendas_Ano": 31382.11,
            "Vendas_Ant": 9993.34
        },
        {
            "vendnm": "CHARNECA",
            "MonthAbrev": "Dez",
            "Vendas_Ano": 39832.04,
            "Vendas_Ant": 36568.7
        },
        {
            "vendnm": "JOÃO LUIS",
            "MonthAbrev": "Jan",
            "Vendas_Ano": 22681.14,
            "Vendas_Ant": 28587.71
        },
        {
            "vendnm": "JOÃO LUIS",
            "MonthAbrev": "Fev",
            "Vendas_Ano": 31382.11,
            "Vendas_Ant": 37637.420000000006
        },
        {
            "vendnm": "JOÃO LUIS",
            "MonthAbrev": "Mar",
            "Vendas_Ano": 32453.779999999995,
            "Vendas_Ant": 32993.12
        },
        {
            "vendnm": "JOÃO LUIS",
            "MonthAbrev": "Apr",
            "Vendas_Ano": 23445.4,
            "Vendas_Ant": 30835.75
        },
        {
            "vendnm": "JOÃO LUIS",
            "MonthAbrev": "Mai",
            "Vendas_Ano": 16471.71,
            "Vendas_Ant": 18028.07
        },
        {
            "vendnm": "JOÃO LUIS",
            "MonthAbrev": "Jun",
            "Vendas_Ano": 11617.470000000001,
            "Vendas_Ant": 22651.53
        },
        {
            "vendnm": "JOÃO LUIS",
            "MonthAbrev": "Jul",
            "Vendas_Ano": 24699.44,
            "Vendas_Ant": 34152.28999999999
        },
        {
            "vendnm": "JOÃO LUIS",
            "MonthAbrev": "Ago",
            "Vendas_Ano": 35476.94000000001,
            "Vendas_Ant": 22069.699999999997
        },
        {
            "vendnm": "JOÃO LUIS",
            "MonthAbrev": "Set",
            "Vendas_Ano": 37462.92,
            "Vendas_Ant": 23120.08
        },
        {
            "vendnm": "JOÃO LUIS",
            "MonthAbrev": "Out",
            "Vendas_Ano": 22042.140000000003,
            "Vendas_Ant": 28449.95
        },
        {
            "vendnm": "JOÃO LUIS",
            "MonthAbrev": "Nov",
            "Vendas_Ano": 16471.71,
            "Vendas_Ant": 30755.050000000003
        },
        {
            "vendnm": "JOÃO LUIS",
            "MonthAbrev": "Dez",
            "Vendas_Ano": 24699.44,
            "Vendas_Ant": 22838.64
        }
    ]

    d3.selectAll('input[name=type-selector]').on('change', function () {
        typeSelected = this.value;
        createBar(getDataFromType(typeSelected));
    });

    var typeSelected = d3.select('input[name=type-selector]:checked', '#type-selector').node().value;

    /////////////////////////////////////////////////
    // BAR
    /////////////////////////////////////////////////
    var svgBar = d3.select("#myChart").append("svg").attr("width", 600).attr("height", 300);
    var marginBar = {
        top: 20,
        right: 20,
        bottom: 30,
        left: 40
    };
    var widthBar = +svgBar.attr("width") - marginBar.left - marginBar.right;
    var heightBar = +svgBar.attr("height") - marginBar.top - marginBar.bottom;
    var xBar0 = d3.scaleBand().rangeRound([0, widthBar]).padding(0.1);
    var xBar1 = d3.scaleBand().rangeRound([0, xBar0.bandwidth()]).padding(0.1);
    var yBar = d3.scaleLinear().rangeRound([heightBar, 0]);
    var gBar = svgBar.append("g").attr('id', 'gBar').attr("transform", "translate(" + marginBar.left + ", " + marginBar.top + ")");

    var gX = gBar.append("g")
        .attr("class", "axis axis--x")
        .attr("transform", "translate(0," + heightBar + ")");

    var gY = gBar.append("g")
        .attr("class", "axis axis--y")

    createBar(getDataFromType(typeSelected));

    function createBar(sales) {

        xBar0.domain(sales.map(function (d) {
            return d.MonthAbrev;
        }));

        // xBar1.domain(reduceMonth.map(function (d) {
        //     return d.MonthAbrev;
        // }));

        yBar.domain([0, d3.max(sales, function (d) {
            return d.value
        }) + 15000]);

        gX.call(d3.axisBottom(xBar0.padding(0.6)));
        gY.call(d3.axisLeft(yBar))
            .append("text")
            .attr("transform", "rotate(-90)")
            .attr("y", 6)
            .attr("dy", "0.71em")
            .attr("text-anchor", "end");

        var bars = gBar.selectAll(".bar")
            .data(sales);

        bars.enter().append("rect")
            .attr("class", "bar")
            .merge(bars)
            .attr("x", (d, i) => i * (widthBar / sales.length))
            .attr("y", function (d) {
                return yBar(d.value);
            })
            .attr("width", xBar0.bandwidth())
            .attr("height", function (d) {
                return heightBar - yBar(d.value);
            })
            .on("mouseover", function (a) {
                console.log(a);
                bars.append("text")
                    .attr("class", "title-text")
                    .style("fill", "rgb(44, 160, 44)")
                    .text(
                        a.vendnm
                    )
                    .attr("text-anchor", "middle")
                    .attr("x", 400)
                    .attr("y", 50);
            })
            .on("mouseout", function (a) {
                bars.select(".title-text").remove();
            })
    }

    // return the right data
    function getDataFromType(type) {
        var arr = [];
        sales.forEach(function (item) {
            arr.push({
                "vendnm": item.vendnm,
                "MonthAbrev": item.MonthAbrev,
                "value": item[type]
            });
        });
        return arr;
    }

            <form id='type-selector'>
                <input type='radio' name='type-selector' id='rb-1' value='Vendas_Ano' checked />
                Vendas Ano

                <input type='radio' name='type-selector' id='rb-2' value='Vendas_Ant' />
                Vendas Ant
            </form>

I'm beginner in D3.js and thanks in advance for your help.

A: I was able to solve by basically changing my 'x' function.
Now it looks like this:

    //set up data
    var sales = [
        {
            "vendnm": "CHARNECA",
            "MonthAbrev": "Jan",
            "Vendas_Ano": 21611.950000000004,
            "Vendas_Ant": 16033.31
        },
        {
            "vendnm": "CHARNECA",
            "MonthAbrev": "Fev",
            "Vendas_Ano": 48108.08,
            "Vendas_Ant": 51142.299999999996
        },
        {
            "vendnm": "CHARNECA",
            "MonthAbrev": "Mar",
            "Vendas_Ano": 13427.280000000004,
            "Vendas_Ant": 21274.129999999997
        },
        {
            "vendnm": "CHARNECA",
            "MonthAbrev": "Apr",
            "Vendas_Ano": 28553.83,
            "Vendas_Ant": 15228.569999999998
        },
        {
            "vendnm": "CHARNECA",
            "MonthAbrev": "Mai",
            "Vendas_Ano": 19639.59,
            "Vendas_Ant": 10291.359999999999
        },
        {
            "vendnm": "CHARNECA",
            "MonthAbrev": "Jun",
            "Vendas_Ano": 22530.840000000007,
            "Vendas_Ant": 21905.29
        },
        {
            "vendnm": "CHARNECA",
            "MonthAbrev": "Jul",
            "Vendas_Ano": 20216.759999999995,
            "Vendas_Ant": 8276
        },
        {
            "vendnm": "CHARNECA",
            "MonthAbrev": "Ago",
            "Vendas_Ano": 39832.04,
            "Vendas_Ant": 49810.810000000005
        },
        {
            "vendnm": "CHARNECA",
            "MonthAbrev": "Set",
            "Vendas_Ano": 12861.52,
            "Vendas_Ant": 24425.32
        },
        {
            "vendnm": "CHARNECA",
            "MonthAbrev": "Out",
            "Vendas_Ano": 9227.34,
            "Vendas_Ant": 17804.65
        },
        {
            "vendnm": "CHARNECA",
            "MonthAbrev": "Nov",
            "Vendas_Ano": 31382.11,
            "Vendas_Ant": 9993.34
        },
        {
            "vendnm": "CHARNECA",
            "MonthAbrev": "Dez",
            "Vendas_Ano": 39832.04,
            "Vendas_Ant": 36568.7
        },
        {
            "vendnm": "JOÃO LUIS",
            "MonthAbrev": "Jan",
            "Vendas_Ano": 22681.14,
            "Vendas_Ant": 28587.71
        },
        {
            "vendnm": "JOÃO LUIS",
            "MonthAbrev": "Fev",
            "Vendas_Ano": 31382.11,
            "Vendas_Ant": 37637.420000000006
        },
        {
            "vendnm": "JOÃO LUIS",
            "MonthAbrev": "Mar",
            "Vendas_Ano": 32453.779999999995,
            "Vendas_Ant": 32993.12
        },
        {
            "vendnm": "JOÃO LUIS",
            "MonthAbrev": "Apr",
            "Vendas_Ano": 23445.4,
            "Vendas_Ant": 30835.75
        },
        {
            "vendnm": "JOÃO LUIS",
            "MonthAbrev": "Mai",
            "Vendas_Ano": 16471.71,
            "Vendas_Ant": 18028.07
        },
        {
            "vendnm": "JOÃO LUIS",
            "MonthAbrev": "Jun",
            "Vendas_Ano": 11617.470000000001,
            "Vendas_Ant": 22651.53
        },
        {
            "vendnm": "JOÃO LUIS",
            "MonthAbrev": "Jul",
            "Vendas_Ano": 24699.44,
            "Vendas_Ant": 34152.28999999999
        },
        {
            "vendnm": "JOÃO LUIS",
            "MonthAbrev": "Ago",
            "Vendas_Ano": 35476.94000000001,
            "Vendas_Ant": 22069.699999999997
        },
        {
            "vendnm": "JOÃO LUIS",
            "MonthAbrev": "Set",
            "Vendas_Ano": 37462.92,
            "Vendas_Ant": 23120.08
        },
        {
            "vendnm": "JOÃO LUIS",
            "MonthAbrev": "Out",
            "Vendas_Ano": 22042.140000000003,
            "Vendas_Ant": 28449.95
        },
        {
            "vendnm": "JOÃO LUIS",
            "MonthAbrev": "Nov",
            "Vendas_Ano": 16471.71,
            "Vendas_Ant": 30755.050000000003
        },
        {
            "vendnm": "JOÃO LUIS",
            "MonthAbrev": "Dez",
            "Vendas_Ano": 24699.44,
            "Vendas_Ant": 22838.64
        }
    ]

    d3.selectAll('input[name=type-selector]').on('change', function () {
        typeSelected = this.value;
        createBar(getDataFromType(typeSelected));
    });

    var typeSelected = d3.select('input[name=type-selector]:checked', '#type-selector').node().value;

    /////////////////////////////////////////////////
    // BAR
    /////////////////////////////////////////////////
    var svgBar = d3.select("#myChart").append("svg").attr("width", 600).attr("height", 300);
    var marginBar = {
        top: 20,
        right: 20,
        bottom: 30,
        left: 40
    };
    var widthBar = +svgBar.attr("width") - marginBar.left - marginBar.right;
    var heightBar = +svgBar.attr("height") - marginBar.top - marginBar.bottom;
    var xBar0 = d3.scaleBand().range([0, widthBar]).padding(0.1);
    var yBar = d3.scaleLinear().rangeRound([heightBar, 0]);
    var gBar = svgBar.append("g").attr('id', 'gBar').attr("transform", "translate(" + marginBar.left + ", " + marginBar.top + ")");

    var gX = gBar.append("g")
        .attr("class", "axis axis--x")
        .attr("transform", "translate(0," + heightBar + ")");

    var gY = gBar.append("g")
        .attr("class", "axis axis--y")

    createBar(getDataFromType(typeSelected));

    function createBar(sales) {

        xBar0.domain(sales.map(function (d) {
            return d.MonthAbrev;
        }));

        yBar.domain([0, d3.max(sales, function (d) {
            return d.value
        }) + 15000]);

        var barWidth = xBar0.bandwidth() / 2;

        gX.call(d3.axisBottom(xBar0));
        gY.call(d3.axisLeft(yBar))
            .append("text")
            .attr("transform", "rotate(-90)")
            .attr("y", 6)
            .attr("dy", "0.71em")
            .attr("text-anchor", "end");

        var bars = gBar.selectAll(".bar")
            .data(sales);

            // console.log

        bars.enter().append("rect")
            .attr("class", "bar")
            .merge(bars)
            .attr("x", function (d, i) {
                return xBar0(d.MonthAbrev) + barWidth * ((d.vendnm == 'CHARNECA') ? 0.2 : 1);
            })
            .attr("y", function (d) {
                return yBar(d.value);
            })
            .attr("width", barWidth - 5)
            .attr("height", function (d) {
                // console.log(d);
                return heightBar - yBar(d.value);
            })
            .attr("fill", function (d) {
                if (d.vendnm === 'CHARNECA') {
                    return "rgb(251,180,174)";
                } else {
                    return "rgb(179,205,227)";
                }
            })
            .on("mouseover", function (a) {
                gBar.append("text")
                    .attr("class", "title-text")
                    .style("fill", "#000000")
                    .text(
                        a.vendnm + ' - ' +
                        a.MonthAbrev + ' - ' +
                        Number(Math.round(a.value * 100) / 100).toLocaleString("es-ES", { minimumFractionDigits: 2 }) + '€'
                    )
                    .attr("text-anchor", "middle")
                    .attr("x", 200)
                    .attr("y", 30);
            })
            .on("mouseout", function (a) {
                gBar.select(".title-text").remove();
            })
    }

    // return the right data
    function getDataFromType(type) {
        var arr = [];
        sales.forEach(function (item) {
            arr.push({
                "vendnm": item.vendnm,
                "MonthAbrev": item.MonthAbrev,
                "value": item[type]
            });
        });
        return arr;
    }

            <form id='type-selector'>
                <input type='radio' name='type-selector' id='rb-1' value='Vendas_Ano' checked />
                Vendas_Ano

                <input type='radio' name='type-selector' id='rb-2' value='Vendas_Ant' />
                Vendas_Ant
            </form>


text:
Main SliderMiddle East
U.S. amends Syria sanctions rules over NGO activities
ReutersNovember 25, 2021
Signage is seen at the United States Department of the Treasury headquarters in Washington, D.C., U.S., August 29, 2020. REUTERS/Andrew Kelly/File Photo
WASHINGTON, Nov 24 (Reuters) – Aiming to facilitate humanitarian assistance to the Syrian people, the United States on Wednesday took action to let nongovernmental organizations deal with elements of Syria's government despite American sanctions and gave them wider latitude in their activities.
The U.S. Treasury Department in a statement said it amended existing rules called the Syrian Sanctions Regulations to expand the authorizations for NGOs to engage in certain transactions and activities.
It also amended a general license for NGOs to enable them to take part in additional transactions and activities in support of not-for-profit actions in Syria including new investment, purchase of refined petroleum products of Syrian origin for use in Syria and certain transactions with parts of the government.
"The U.S. government prioritizes expanding humanitarian access throughout Syria to alleviate the suffering of the Syrian people, who continue to face armed conflict, food insecurity and the COVID-19 pandemic," Andrea Gacki, director of the Treasury's Office of Foreign Assets Control, said in the statement.
The department said the new transactions and activities in the amended general license are authorized only in support of not-for-profit activities already allowed such as humanitarian projects and democracy-building.
Former President Donald Trump's administration last June imposed sweeping U.S. sanctions targeting Syrian President Bashar al-Assad and his inner circle to choke off revenue for his government in a bid to force it back to U.N.-led negotiations and broker an end to the country's decade-long war.
"The United States continues to focus on deterring the malign activities of Bashar al-Assad, his regime, cronies and foreign enablers, as well as terrorist groups, including by limiting their ability to access the international financial system and global supply chains," Gacki said.
Reporting by Daphne Psaledakis and Susan Heavey; Editing by Will Dunham and Chris Gallagher
Bashar al-Assad COVID-19 pandemic Donald Trump former President NGO syria treasury U.S sanctions
How Pence's classified documents storm could be good news for Biden and Trump
There's a larger 'classified' problem to confront
Facebook considering whether to allow Trump to return, decision expected in 'coming weeks'
Why 2022 was a tough year for Trump and 2023 may not be much better


1 large Yukon Gold potato or other all-purpose potato 6 white anchovies, patted dry with paper towels 2 tablespoons olive oil Salt and freshly ground black pepper Preheat the oven to 350°F (see Note). Line a baking sheet with a Read on!
3 tablespoons vegetable oil, divided 2 cups fresh corn kernels 1 cup chopped white onion 3 cloves garlic, finely chopped 4 medium tomatoes, roughly chopped 3 medium zucchini, diced 1 cup canned black beans, rinsed and drained 1 teaspoon fresh Read on!
1 bunch beets, trimmed, leaving 1 inch of stems attached 1/4 cup extra-virgin olive oil 5 ounces chevre, chilled 30 fresh sorrel leaves (about 4 by 2 inches), leaves halved lengthwise and center ribs and stems discarded Preheat oven to Read on!
1/2 pound fresh mozzarella, coarsely grated (2 cups) 1 cup cooked small red beans or kidney beans, rinsed and drained if canned 1/4 cup crumbled smoky bacon (optional) 4 cups corn tortilla flour (masa harina) 3 cups water at room Read on!


Improving the performance and lifetime of electric vehicles Lithium-ion battery packs (LiBs) is still a challenging problem. This will be achieved by obtaining a more accurate state-of-charge (SoC) estimation and reliable temperature monitoring. In this project a multi-physics sensor array will be developed using disruptive magnetometer sensors for the online monitoring of the in-situ current flow within individual Li-ion pouch cells. High-resolution sensor images are desired in real-time for the battery management systems (BMS) and conditional monitoring system (CMS) to allow higher life-cycle with instant cell-equalisation, predict thermal runaway, estimate accurate SoC/SoH measurement, avoid long-term degradation, improve the energy density, stabilise the power density and reduce the overall cost of the battery pack. This is a multi-disciplinary and industrial-based project and encourage the candidate to look for more details on this project and other PhD project proposals in my website: https://kamyarmehran.eecs.qmul.ac.uk/.


Did you miss something on your tax return?
How can you correct your tax return? Well, there is an avenue made available by the CRA to allow you to correct your tax return. You will need to send a letter detailing the correction to your tax centre that you mailed your tax return, and including any supporting documentation. Only requests relating to the last ten years will be accepted. For example, a 2014 adjustment be for years 2004 and later. CRA does its best but the processing of the adjustments can be anywhere from one month to six months. Keep your fingers crossed for a speedy turn around time, but don't bet on it.
A simple correction could be something like an omitted tuition slip. A more complicated correction could be the omission of vehicle deductions. We have seen clients forget to claim vehicle costs when they are entitled to claim these deductions. We have seen many clients who have missed numerous tax credits and tax deductions that are available. It is a prudent decision to have a tax accountant prepare your tax return so you pick up all your deductions and tax credits. Remember, your biggest expense is your tax bill. Get your tax returns / back taxes done by the experienced tax accountants at Tax Doctors Canada. They will ensure that you receive any previously missed tax deductions and correctly file your tax returns going forward; thus, helping you reduce your tax burden.


text:
package alluxio.underfs;

import alluxio.Configuration;
import alluxio.PropertyKey;
import alluxio.RuntimeConstants;
import alluxio.extensions.ExtensionsClassLoader;
import alluxio.util.ExtensionUtils;

import com.google.common.base.Preconditions;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;

import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.URL;
import java.nio.file.DirectoryStream;
import java.nio.file.Files;
import java.nio.file.Path;
import java.nio.file.Paths;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.ServiceLoader;
import java.util.Set;
import java.util.concurrent.CopyOnWriteArrayList;

import javax.annotation.Nullable;
import javax.annotation.concurrent.NotThreadSafe;

/**
 *

 * Central registry of available {@link UnderFileSystemFactory} instances that uses the
 * {@link ServiceLoader} mechanism to automatically discover available factories and provides a
 * central place for obtaining actual {@link UnderFileSystem} instances.
 *

 *
Registering New Factories

 *

 * New factories can be registered either using the {@linkplain ServiceLoader} based automatic
 * discovery mechanism or manually using the static {@link #register(UnderFileSystemFactory)}
 * method. The down-side of the automatic discovery mechanism is that the discovery order is not
 * controllable. As a result if your implementation is designed as a replacement for one of the
 * standard implementations, depending on the order in which the JVM discovers the services your own
 * implementation may not take priority. You can enable {@code DEBUG} level logging for this class
 * to see the order in which factories are discovered and which is selected when obtaining a
 * {@link UnderFileSystem} instance for a path. If this shows that your implementation is not
 * getting discovered or used, you may wish to use the manual registration approach.
 *

 *
Automatic Discovery

 *

 * To use the {@linkplain ServiceLoader} based mechanism you need to have a file named
 * {@code alluxio.underfs.UnderFileSystemFactory} placed in the {@code META-INF\services} directory
 * of your project. This file should contain the full name of your factory types (one per line),
 * your factory types must have a public unparameterised constructor available (see
 * {@link ServiceLoader} for more detail on this). You can enable {@code DEBUG} level logging to see
 * factories as they are discovered if you wish to check that your implementation gets discovered.
 *

 *

 * Note that if you are bundling Alluxio plus your code in a shaded JAR using Maven, make sure to
 * use the {@code ServicesResourceTransformer} as otherwise your services file will override the
 * core provided services file and leave the standard factories and under file system
 * implementations unavailable.
 *

 *
Manual Registration

 *

 * To manually register a factory, simply pass an instance of your factory to the
 * {@link #register(UnderFileSystemFactory)} method. This can be useful when your factory cannot be
 * instantiated without arguments or in cases where automatic discovery does not give your factory
 * priority. Factories registered this way will be registered at the start of the factories list so
 * will have the first opportunity to indicate whether they support a requested path.
 *

 */
@NotThreadSafe
public final class UnderFileSystemFactoryRegistry {
  private static final Logger LOG = LoggerFactory.getLogger(UnderFileSystemFactoryRegistry.class);

  // Key: absolute path to jar file
  private static final Set<String> LOADED_LIB_JARS = new HashSet<>();
  private static final Set<String> LOADED_EXTENSION_JARS = new HashSet<>();
  private static final List<UnderFileSystemFactory> FACTORIES = new CopyOnWriteArrayList<>();

  private static boolean sInit = false;

  // prevent instantiation
  private UnderFileSystemFactoryRegistry() {}

  static {
    // Call the actual initializer which is a synchronized method for thread safety purposes
    init();
  }

  /**
   * Returns a read-only view of the available factories.
   *
   * @return Read-only view of the available factories
   */
  public static List<UnderFileSystemFactory> available() {
    return Collections.unmodifiableList(FACTORIES);
  }

  /**
   * Finds the first Under File System factory that supports the given path.
   *
   * @param path path
   * @return factory if available, null otherwise
   */
  @Nullable
  public static UnderFileSystemFactory find(String path) {
    return find(path, null);
  }

  /**
   * Finds the first Under File System factory that supports the given path.
   *
   * @param path path
   * @param ufsConf optional configuration object for the UFS, may be null
   * @return factory if available, null otherwise
   */
  @Nullable
  public static UnderFileSystemFactory find(
      String path, @Nullable UnderFileSystemConfiguration ufsConf) {
    Preconditions.checkArgument(path != null, "path may not be null");

    scanLibs();
    scanExtensions();

    for (UnderFileSystemFactory factory : FACTORIES) {
      if (factory.supportsPath(path, ufsConf)) {
        LOG.debug("Selected Under File System Factory implementation {} for path {}",
            factory.getClass(), path);
        return factory;
      }
    }

    LOG.warn("No Under File System Factory implementation supports the path {}. Please check if "
        + "the under storage path is valid.", path);
    return null;
  }

  /**
   * Finds all the Under File System factories that support the given path.
   *
   * @param path path
   * @param ufsConf configuration of the UFS
   * @return list of factories that support the given path which may be an empty list
   */
  public static List<UnderFileSystemFactory> findAll(
      String path, UnderFileSystemConfiguration ufsConf) {
    Preconditions.checkArgument(path != null, "path may not be null");

    scanLibs();
    scanExtensions();

    List<UnderFileSystemFactory> eligibleFactories = new ArrayList<>();
    for (UnderFileSystemFactory factory : FACTORIES) {
      if (factory.supportsPath(path, ufsConf)) {
        LOG.debug("Under File System Factory implementation {} is eligible for path {}",
            factory.getClass(), path);
        eligibleFactories.add(factory);
      }
    }

    if (eligibleFactories.isEmpty()) {
      LOG.warn("No Under File System Factory implementation supports the path {}", path);
    }
    return eligibleFactories;
  }

  /**
   * Finds all {@link UnderFileSystemFactory} from the extensions directory and caches.
   */
  private static void scanExtensions() {
    LOG.info("Loading extension UFS jars from {}", Configuration.get(PropertyKey.EXTENSIONS_DIR));
    scan(Arrays.asList(ExtensionUtils.listExtensions()), LOADED_EXTENSION_JARS);
  }

  /**
   * Finds all {@link UnderFileSystemFactory} from the lib directory and caches.
   */
  private static void scanLibs() {
    LOG.info("Loading core UFS jars from {}", RuntimeConstants.LIB_DIR);
    List<File> files = new ArrayList<>();
    try (DirectoryStream<Path> stream = Files.newDirectoryStream(
        Paths.get(RuntimeConstants.LIB_DIR), "alluxio-underfs-*.jar")) {
      for (Path entry : stream) {
        if (entry.toFile().isFile()) {
          files.add(entry.toFile());
        }
      }
    } catch (IOException e) {
      LOG.warn("Failed to load UFS libs: {}", e.getMessage());
    }
    scan(files, LOADED_LIB_JARS);
  }

  /**
   * Class-loads jar files that have not been loaded.
   *
   * @param files jar files to class-load
   * @param loadedJars jars already loaded under this dir
   */
  private static void scan(List<File> files, Set<String> loadedJars) {
    for (File jar : files) {
      try {
        URL extensionURL = jar.toURI().toURL();
        String jarPath = extensionURL.toString();
        if (!loadedJars.contains(jarPath)) {
          ClassLoader extensionsClassLoader = new ExtensionsClassLoader(new URL[] {extensionURL},
              ClassLoader.getSystemClassLoader());
          ServiceLoader<UnderFileSystemFactory> extensionServiceLoader =
              ServiceLoader.load(UnderFileSystemFactory.class, extensionsClassLoader);
          for (UnderFileSystemFactory factory : extensionServiceLoader) {
            LOG.debug("Discovered an Under File System Factory implementation {} - {} in jar {}",
                factory.getClass(), factory.toString(), jarPath);
            // Cache
            register(factory);
            loadedJars.add(jarPath);
          }
        }
      } catch (Throwable t) {
        LOG.warn("Failed to load jar {}: {}", jar, t.getMessage());
      }
    }
  }

  private static synchronized void init() {
    if (sInit) {
      return;
    }

    // Discover and register the available factories
    ServiceLoader<UnderFileSystemFactory> discoveredFactories =
        ServiceLoader.load(UnderFileSystemFactory.class,
            UnderFileSystemFactory.class.getClassLoader());
    for (UnderFileSystemFactory factory : discoveredFactories) {
      LOG.debug("Discovered Under File System Factory implementation {} - {}", factory.getClass(),
          factory.toString());
      register(factory);
    }

    scanLibs();
    scanExtensions();

    sInit = true;
  }

  /**
   * Registers a new factory.
   *

   * Factories are registered at the start of the factories list so they can override the existing
   * automatically discovered factories. Generally if you use the {@link ServiceLoader} mechanism
   * properly it should be unnecessary to call this, however since ServiceLoader discovery order
   * may be susceptible to class loader behavioral differences there may be rare cases when you
   * need to manually register the desired factory.
   *

   *
   * @param factory factory to register
   */
  public static void register(UnderFileSystemFactory factory) {
    if (factory == null) {
      return;
    }

    LOG.debug("Registered Under File System Factory implementation {} - {}", factory.getClass(),
        factory.toString());

    // Insert at start of list so it will take precedence over automatically discovered and
    // previously registered factories
    FACTORIES.add(0, factory);
  }

  /**
   * Resets the registry to its default state
   *

   * This clears the registry as it stands and rediscovers the available factories.
   *

   */
  public static synchronized void reset() {
    if (sInit) {
      // Reset state
      sInit = false;
      FACTORIES.clear();
      LOADED_LIB_JARS.clear();
      LOADED_EXTENSION_JARS.clear();
    }

    // Reinitialise
    init();
  }

  /**
   * Unregisters an existing factory.
   *
   * @param factory factory to unregister
   */
  public static void unregister(UnderFileSystemFactory factory) {
    if (factory == null) {
      return;
    }

    LOG.debug("Unregistered Under File System Factory implementation {} - {}", factory.getClass(),
        factory.toString());
    FACTORIES.remove(factory);
  }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Archives|'Baseball Before We Knew It': What's the French for 'Juiced'?
'Baseball Before We Knew It': What's the French for 'Juiced'?
BASEBALL BEFORE WE KNEW IT A Search for the Roots of the Game. By David Block. Illustrated. 340 pp. University of Nebraska Press. $29.95.
BASEBALL is America's great secular religion, a collection of mythologies that reflect who we are and who we aspire to be. The game's most enduring myth, of course, is its immaculate conception on a Cooperstown, N.Y., street in 1839. Who invented baseball? For nearly a century, the axiomatic answer to that question has been Abner Doubleday, though that belief was discredited almost as soon as it was first made public, in 1908. What's more, as David Block reveals in "Baseball Before We Knew It: A Search for the Roots of the Game," America's pastime was not born in America, and legitimate claims to its origin can be made by a handful of nations, including -- of all places -- France.
While the Doubleday myth was never taken seriously by historians, Block reveals that the gospel that supplanted it was also deeply flawed. In this accounting, baseball was understood as the derivation of an English children's game, rounders, but America was allowed to retain patrimony over its national pastime through the assertion that it had been reinvented as a modern sport by the members of a New York gentlemen's club, the Knickerbockers, who codified its rules for the first time in 1845. The only problem is that this idea is, in almost every aspect, false. Baseball, Block convincingly argues, was not a product of rounders, and its essential form had already been established by the late 18th century.
Where, then, did baseball come from? In search of an answer, Block, a retired systems analyst and an antiquarian book collector, has attacked baseball's literary record with methodical zeal. The result is a joyfully discursive romp through the history of ball sports and a compelling new theory of the game's origins.
The Ball once struck off, Away flies the Boy To the next destin'd Post, And then Home with Joy.
Substitute "base" for "post," and you have something that sounds awfully familiar. By 1796 the rules of this game were well enough established for Johann Gutsmuths, a scholar in Schnepfenthal, Germany, to describe them in a book about popular games and sports. Gutsmuths's "englische Base-ball" is clearly recognizable: two teams face off, with a pitcher serving to a batsman who has three shots to put a ball in play before attempting a circuit of bases on his way home. It also predates the rules laid out by the Knickerbockers by nearly 50 years.
It was the English game of baseball, Block suggests, that had arrived in America as part of "a sweeping tide of cultural migration" during the colonial period. Once on native soil, the game developed popular regional variations that included "town-ball," "round-ball" and the "New York game."
English baseball, meanwhile, was itself the product of a prolonged, nonlinear evolution. "Tut-ball," which Block describes as "a simple hit-the-ball, catch-the-ball, run-the-bases type of game," may have been its immediate predecessor. Records of tut date as far back as 1519, when the Priory of Hexham threatened anyone caught playing the game in the local cemetery with excommunication. An earlier sport, "stool-ball," may have been even more influential in baseball's evolution, and is also a likely parent of cricket, which developed independently. (Rounders, it turns out, was merely a regional variant of baseball.) England, it would appear, has never had a shortage of ball sports. A 1477 edict issued by Edward IV blamed a fixation on such frivolous pastimes for the dissipation of military skill in his kingdom (sword-fighting and archery had become passé).
Medieval texts suggest baseball's English antecedents may themselves have descended from Continental bat-and-ball games. An illustration in "The Romance of Alexander," a French manuscript from 1344, depicts a group of monks and nuns engaged in a game, thought to be "la soule," that looks a lot like coed softball (no sign of a keg, however). Two other French games, "thèque" and "la balle empoisonée" ("poisoned ball"), also bear similarities to early baseball. Could they have migrated to England? The record is vague, meaning, in Block's words, the field is clear for the French to claim "parental rights over America's National Game."
Even these games, however, may be recent developments. In 1937, Corrado Gini, an Italian demographer, found a remote group of blond-haired Berber tribesmen in the Libyan desert playing a game, "ta kurt om el mahag" ("the ball of the pilgrim's mother"), that bore an unmistakable resemblance to American baseball. Gini's conclusion: the game had been introduced from northern Europe, along with the genetic strain of blond hair, during the Stone Age. This theory assumes a common European ancestor for baseball, the Berber game and a variety of European bat-and-ball sports. One researcher has proposed a game called "longball" as this progenitor, but concrete evidence is thin. Then again, as Block writes, American researchers during the past half-century "have made only minimal effort to document baseball's early history and for the most part have not been inclined to go looking to European sources for clues."
Whatever future scholars find, it seems baseball will have to adapt to a new mythology. The game, like the people who made it their own, is an immigrant, transformed into something distinctively American. Will fans accept a different orthodoxy? Ruminating on baseball's origins in 1889, one journalist wrote: "To the average devotee of the sport the question does not assume much importance. Only a minority know anything about it, and the vast majority care less. They know they have it, they like it, they wouldn't be without it, and are quite content to believe the game is a home product." Just don't confuse them with the facts.
Mark Lamster is the author of "Spalding's World Tour: A True Story of Baseball, Adventure and Clashing Cultures in the 19th Century," which will be published next year.


Ahab's family was ascendant, as was the service of Baal; Israel and Judah were in dire straits. Matters would improve for a time, but the end for each would soon come. The end of the monarchy in Israel and Judah is told in 2 Kings.
2 Kings is the twelfth book in most English Bibles, the sixth and last book among the *former prophets* in Hebrew, and known as 4 Reigns in the Greek Septuagint. 1 and 2 Kings were originally one book divided in antiquity, continuing the narrative begun in 1 and 2 Samuel. 2 Kings maintains a focus on the northern Kingdom of Israel, continuing the story of the kings of Israel and Judah along with some featured prophets, until the exile of Judah, ca. 850-560 BCE. 1 and 2 Kings are likely based on contemporary court and prophetic records and composed in their current form during the final days of the Kingdom of Judah and exile, around 625-550 BCE.
2 Kings begins with the fulfillment of all which God promised Elijah the prophet in 1 Kings 19:15-18. Ahaziah king of Israel is condemned, Elijah is taken up into heaven, and Elisha succeeds him (2 Kings 1:1-2:25). Stories surrounding Elisha the prophet are then set forth: Israel and Judah against Moab, the widow's oil, the Shunnamite woman, the birth, death, and resurrection of her son, Naaman's healing, protection against Aram, and abundance after a siege (2 Kings 3:1-8:6). Elisha then declares how Hazael will become king of Aram, and makes arrangements for Jehu to be anointed king of Israel (2 Kings 8:7-9:13). Jehu then accomplishes God's judgment on the house of Ahab, killing Jehoram king of Israel and Ahaziah king of Judah, the rest of Ahab's sons, Jezebel, and all those who served Baal (2 Kings 9:14-10:36). In Judah, Athaliah usurps the throne but would be executed as Joash was made king (2 Kings 11:1-21). Thus the house of Ahab was purged from Israel and Judah.
As the Kingdom of Israel continues down the path toward exile, the 2 Kings narrative begins to focus more on the Kingdom of Judah. The repairs of the Temple in the days of Joash (or Jehoash) are described (2 Kings 12:1-21). The next hundred years are discussed with comparatively less detail: Jehoahaz and Jehoash, kings of Israel, the death of Elisha, Amaziah king of Judah, Jeroboam II king of Israel, Azariah (Uzziah) king of Judah, Zechariah, Shallum, Menahem, Pekaiah, and Pekah, kings of Israel, Jotham and Ahaz kings of Judah, and Hoshea king of Israel (2 Kings 13:1-17:5).
The author of 2 Kings then explains the end of the Kingdom of Israel in 721 BCE and the exile of the Israelites: its reasons, the fate of the exiles, and Assyrian resettlement in the land (2 Kings 17:6-41).
The rest of 2 Kings describes the major events of the Kingdom of Judah from the days of Hezekiah until their exile in 586 BCE. The reign of Hezekiah is considered in some depth: Hezekiah's reforms, Assyria's invasion, God's deliverance of Jerusalem, Hezekiah's illness and recovery, and his alliance with Babylon (2 Kings 18:1-20:21). His son Manasseh is chastised for his great idolatry, which also leads to the condemnation of Judah (2 Kings 21:1-18). After Amon's short reign, Josiah his son features prominently: his repairs of the Temple, hearing the Law, his reforms, restoration of the Passover, and death at the hands of Pharaoh Neko II (2 Kings 21:19-23:30). The end comes quickly: Jehoahaz is made king and removed by Neko, Jehoiakim is made king, his son Jehoiachin is exiled to Babylon, and Zedekiah his uncle would oversee the final rebellion and the subsequent destruction of Jerusalem and the Temple (2 Kings 23:31-25:21). The short term of Gedaliah as governor is described, and 2 Kings concludeswith Jehoiachin receiving favor in the sight of Evil-Merodach king of Babylon (ca. 561 BCE; 2 Kings 25:22-30).
God proved patient with His people, but not eternally so; days of judgment came against Israel and Judah. We can find great examples of faith in 1 and 2 Kings, but on the whole their story is designed to warn us about the consequences of turning aside from the way of God and following after the customs and behaviors of the nations around us. Let us put our trust in Jesus, the ultimate hope of Israel from the line of David, and thus glorify and honor God!


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Articles by: Todd Miller
Twenty-First Century Battlefields (Excerpt)
Todd Miller examines the ever-extending reach of U.S. border enforcement in an excerpt from his book Empire of Borders: The Expansion of the U.S. Border Around the World (out July 23 from Verso Books)
The Border Fetish
The U.S. frontier as a zone of profit and sacrifice
The Era of Walls
Greeting climate-change victims with a man-made dystopia
The Great Mexican Wall Deception
Trump's America already exists on the border.
21st Century Manifest Destiny on the U.S.-Mexico Border
How the U.S. Border Patrol has turned Native American lands near the U.S.-Mexico border into a de facto war zone.
Unfinished Business in Indian Country
An excerpt from Todd Miller's book Border Patrol Nation exposes the Tohono O'odham community's perseverence in the face of the increasing militarization on its ancestral lands.
Follow the Money: The University of Arizona's Border War
Coyotes and Resistance on the U.S. Mexico Border
Among the villains in the crosshairs of the Department of Homeland Security's $57 billion 2012 Fiscal Year budget are coyotes, the smugglers migrants often hire to help them enter the United States without authorization. The border enforcement part of this budget, which supports an all-time high number of agents and officers, will in part focus on taking down these "criminals." However the book, Clandestine Crossings, by David Spener, directly challenges this "discursive" and costly fable about coyotes, and in doing so reveals that coyotes play an essential role for migrants trying to resist a blatantly unjust system.
South of the Ballot Box
Arizona, the Anti-Immigrant Laboratory
Even though a federal judge blocked key controversial provisions of Arizona's new immigration legislation, one of the harshest anti-immigrant laws ever passed in the United States still went into effect on July 29 in that state. This law, however, didn't come out of thin air. The "zero tolerance" logic behind the law mimics what has already been established by the federal government. Indeed, the confluence of these immigration, military, border, and economic policies in Arizona has not only made it the country's primary laboratory for draconian immigration policies, but also connects the U.S. border zone to a broader international context of "global apartheid."
This article originally appeared in the July/August 2010 edition of NACLA Report on the Americas.
U.S. to Haitians: Stay Home and Bear the Burden
After January's earthquake in Haiti, the U.S. Department of Homeland Security immediately implemented a mass migration plan to manage any influx of refugees coming from the country. Coast Guard spokesperson Lt. Chris O'Neil said that "The goal is to interdict them at sea and repatriate them." O'Neil's declaration reflects the same much-criticized immigration policy that the United States has implemented toward Haiti for dozens of years, a strategy that often corrals the blowback of a long history of U.S. meddling in Haitian internal affairs—both politically and economically. This blowback could be even more explosive now with 1.2 million homeless Haitians living in the squalor of tent cities.


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Gambia: In Mecca, the Last Flight of Gambian Pilgrims Left in Dividing Line
An information was given that the pilgrims awaiting who were at the airport for their flight to The Gambia were sent back by the airline staff to the hotel without any explanation.
Hajj, the Muslim pilgrimage, has ended 13 days ago.
Family members told that their loved ones are in Jeddah and were not told when they will be returning home.
"They (the pilgrims) do not know whether they will come or not. They are just told to wait," family members said.
"They should have come last night (Friday). I came purposely from the provinces to welcome my wife. I came with my children, unfortunately, she (the wife) has sent us a voice message indicating that their flight has been canceled without any explanations by the travel agency," the husband to one of the pilgrims told in an interview.
According to him, his wife went with the last flight of the Gambian pilgrims and was supposed to come back in the last flight.
"My wife told me that they have been evacuated from the airport to a hotel in Jeddah at 7 am (Gambian time) on Friday which was 4 am in Mecca," he added.
He also added that his wife told him that they were dumped at the hotel without any food and information.
He continued: "She told me they were only served lunch at the airport but when they reached the hotel, they were abandoned and they did not have dinner and breakfast the following day. She said they did not see any agent of the airline agency or a member of the Hajj Commission or a representative of the Gambian embassy in Saudi Arabia."
Additionally, He added that his wife went with Banjul Travel Agency.
Other family members also told that this wasn't expected by the travel agencies and therefore, their loved ones shouldn't have been dumped in the hotel without any explanations.
However, the last flights of Gambian pilgrims last year also faced similar issues and were transited to Dakar where they boarded buses to come to The Gambia.
"We wouldn't want our loved ones to face the same ordeal," one of them said.


In the previous post, we discussed the why in getting User Experience insights, and where to use Stratusphere UX to fulfill this.
In this part, I am going more into the what and how part by taking Stratusphere UX for a spin. We will start with the what by doing a little architecture as a starting point.
Stratusphere Hub (required), a pre-configured virtual appliance that provides the central policy management, policy distribution, data collection, reporting and alerting system for Stratusphere, as well as the user, interface for the Stratusphere user.
Stratusphere database (required), co-installed on the Hub or separate preconfigured virtual appliance. This component provides the central data storage for the Stratusphere product line. The separated appliance is needed when having a large number of desktop deployments (500+ desktops, see the sizing guide for details).
Statusphere Collector appliance, again co-installed on the Hub for small environments or a separated preconfigured virtual appliance that provides the ability to collect CID Key data and network monitoring data (in small environments both forms of data) for Stratusphere.
Desktop agent, or the Connector ID Keys aka CID. Windows, MacOS and Linux Distribution in-guest agent for getting those in-guest insights about the system, applications, and user activities. The CID's are managed by the Hub and can be installed manually, via software distribution mechanisms or integrated into the master image for virtual desktops.
Depending on the to-investigate environment the hub, database, and collector can be shared in one appliance or can be separated. Use the calculator to determine what sizing and infrastructure architecture is appropriate for your use case. The calculator can be found at http://www.liquidware.com/products/stratusphere-sizing-guide.
Stratusphere will self learn and adapt the values to the assessed environment over time. However, the VDI profile is highly customizable to your needs. You can set everything according to what you (or your customer) find important for a successful UX. Start thinking about these figures when starting to define the use cases to be investigating. Speak to key users and application owners to find what is important for the user community and what values/metrics the application are dependent on. Try to find some common ground. If you put the weight of CPU higher than the weight of memory, and the applications are memory resource intensive you will have false information in your report. At that time you can work on a, or some, profile that you would wish to report on.
If this information beforehand is not clear (and this happens a lot), start with the defaults and take some more time to analyze the data.
When all is running: go to Stratusphere UX part, Diagnostics, and VDI UX Profile. You will see a screen similar to this one.
So, now we have some information about what. Let's see about the how part and take it for a spin.
We have a Horizon Enterprise 7.5 demo lab environment, with Instant Clone and full clone Windows 10 desktop pools. And UEM, NSX, among others. I will be deploying the Stratusphere virtual appliance here. Beforehand, use the Liquidware Statusphere sizing calculator (http://www.liquidware.com/products/stratusphere-sizing-guide) to size the appliances for the environment. This is a demo lab so I won't require a lot.
After the ovf deployment checks the configuration, and start the appliance to boot up and do all the initial configurations. When the console shows, do the ALT-F2 combination.
Login with ssconsole and sspassword. From the menu, set the network configuration accordantly, set the FQDN, callback (fqdn preferable) and so on. Write configuration to finish the configuration.
And with this, the appliance is good to go. Point your browser to the address shown (or set, as I was a bit fast with the capture of above image) and login with the default ssadmin and sspassword combination and you are ready to rock. I have connected to vCenter and Active Directory for the virtual machine and user side setup.
For Statusphere to collect some data we should add some clients and components to the environment. Next, to the valuable client information, we can also add a directory and virtual infrastructure data. Do this as well if you are investigating virtual desktop UX. Add clients by downloading and installing the CID. And let Stratusphere collect some data. For our Full Clone desktops, I have used the groups' policy standard which I have saved to a location that can be accessed via the network (a share). Use the ADMX template that can be downloaded here also.
Create a computer policy with this template. Set the Hub Address to enabled and fill in the FQDN/IP (do this for 32 and 64-bit if you have both. And set the software settings installation package part pointing to the share.
For our instant clone desktop pools, I just installed the Windows version manually in the master image. When sealing the template run install-location\Liquidware Labs\Connector ID\admin scripts\ VMwareView_MasterImagePrep.bat. This stops the services and sets to manual. After seal create snapshot and push this image to the pool. In the post, customization run the post worker script or something else that sets the Liquidware services to auto and starts them (in order connector, UI and update). This will create a unique computer ID so we will have.
As you see in the above list, our demo environment currently contains one full clone, the base image, and three instant clone desktops.
Allow some time for these products to collect and interpret the data. For Stratusphere and all similar, I advise for a minimum of a business cycle. On average a business cycle is 4 weeks or a month. The bare minimum is a few hours to two weeks. However, these results are with a little 'it depends'. After a few hours, the first data will be there for the operators to take a look at. For example, you can use this dataset to check if the expected desktops are checking in. For assessing and analysing the data, use more time. The more measurements the more reliable the data is. Preferably plan for the period where mission or business critical processes are happening.
If you have a clear understanding, you can use the data to report on. And in a later phase, you can also integrate with systems management products or IT help desk systems via SNMP and RSS feeds.
You can find your UX profile back at for example the UX score. The UX score is a composite metric of resource consumption, and the ability to identify resource constraint limits and sort them using a weighted rating system of – Good, Fair, Poor (or A+, A, A-, B+, B-, C as labeled) depending on the UX score/profile. When your UX profile has a good match, your VDI's will have good labels. Easy to spot.
Keep using Stratusphere UX to fully enable your organization in their digital workspace management with performance monitoring. Use Stratusphere when doing platform (re-)design, lifecycle management, and optimization. Check what impact security changes have on the UX of your users desktops, before you implement these changes. Integrate with your helpdesk system and other operational management solutions. And in many other areas.


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Adelaide Wednesday, Apr 20, 2016
Emergency surgery shutdown set to begin at Modbury
People who arrive at Modbury Hospital needing emergency surgery will be sent to another hospital starting next week, InDaily can reveal.
Bension Siebert @Bension1
Modbury Hospital will stop offering emergency surgery to walk-in patients this month.
Wednesday April 20, 2016 6 Comments
6 Comments Print article
Medical unions have told InDaily emergency surgery will no longer be offered to patients that turn up at Modbury Hospital's emergency room starting mid-next week.
SA Health would not confirm the date of the change, only saying that the final stage of hospital "service reconfigurations" in the northern Adelaide area, under the Transforming Health program, would be complete by the end of the month (Saturday next week).
Under the new policy, Modbury Hospital patients needing emergency surgery will be taken about 14 kilometres north by ambulance to the Lyell McEwin Hospital – with the most serious cases transferred about the same distance south, to the Royal Adelaide Hospital.
The plan has surgeons worried patients could be exposed to serious harm if emergency surgery is delayed by a transfer to another hospital.
SA Chair of the Royal Australasian College of Surgeons Dr Sonja Latzel told InDaily that two or three patients had arrived at Modbury Hospital in recent months with complications of childbirth, where serious harm may have been caused if they had had to wait for transfer to another hospital.
"Patients do attend in shock and those patients can be a serious risk from any sort of delay in transfer," said Latzel.
"The average time currently for most inter-hospital transfers is four to six hours.
"Hopefully patients will [know to] go elsewhere.
"But patients don't always understand how sick they are."
However, Ambulance Employees Association state secretary Phil Palmer said he was cautiously optimistic about the policy change.
Palmer told InDaily the dedicated ambulance that transfers patients between the Modbury and Lyell McEwin hospitals 24/7 has the capacity to transfer more patients than it currently does.
He said the most seriously ill patients could be transferred relatively quickly.
"The ambulance service is confident that this ambulance can cope with the change," Palmer said.
"It's not being utilised as well as it can [and] the kinds of patients that have been moved so far have been quite stable.
"We are all being assured by the areas CEOs of the health network [that patients will be safe]."
But Palmer said the AEA had "yet to be convinced that the downgrading of any emergency department is the right move".
Modbury Hospital is to become a "centre of excellence" in elective day surgery under the changes, SA Health says.
Only patients suffering complications from elective surgeries at Modbury will have access to emergency surgery there.
Latzel said SA Health had agreed to a six-month trial retaining the capacity for emergency surgery, but only for elective surgery patients, under the new policy.
She said SA Health may decide to eliminate the hospital's capacity for emergency surgery altogether if not enough demand for the service is demonstrated during the trial.
SA Health would not comment on the trial, but Dr Elaine Pretorius of the Northern Adelaide Local Health Network told InDaily the policy change would see Modbury Hospital "become a centre of excellence for same day and 23 hour surgery, and the major rehabilitation hub for the north and north east".
"NALHN has engaged extensively with staff, consumers and unions on the changes to ensure we deliver high quality and safe services to residents in the north and north-east," she said.
"Feedback from staff resulted in a number of changes to the proposals, including an on-call theatre team available after-hours at Modbury."
In 2015, InDaily revealed that doctors at the Modbury and Lyell McEwin hospitals had united against the proposal to "downgrade" the Modbury Hospital emergency department.
Under the changes, the Lyell McEwin Hospital will have more surgical beds to cater for the complex emergency surgery patients and the Modbury Hospital will undergo $32 million infrastructure upgrades.
Pretorius said "phase one" of the northern area "service reconfigurations successfully took place as planned one month ago" and the "final phase" was expected to occur this month.
A central element of the Transforming Health program is the consolidation of more complex healthcare, such as emergency surgery – and the resources and staff to deliver it – in larger hospitals, such as the Lyell McEwin.
This means that patients wanting the "best care, first time, every time" – as the Transforming Health motto goes – will have to know which hospital to arrive at to avoid ambulance transfer to another hospital.
Palmer said about 70 per cent of patients that turn up to South Australian hospitals each year do so by car, taxi or on foot – rather than in an ambulance.
"The public do need to be educated," he said, to ensure they turn up at the right hospital.
Palmer said the union was in an "information-gathering" stage regarding the Transforming Health reforms and "we won't agree to anything that puts the public at risk".
He said the AEA was prepared to campaign against any reforms that compromise patient care, should evidence emerge that they do.
This time last week, InDaily revealed a landmark survey of South Australian doctors, showing the majority of the 530 respondents were opposed to the Transforming Health reforms, despite the State Government's repeated assertions to the contrary.
In response, Health Minister Jack Snelling likened the Transforming Health process to the Adelaide Oval rebuild, which initially attracted entrenched skepticism but has been roundly celebrated since its opening in 2014, and dismissed the survey as "not exactly what you'd call a scientific survey".
Earlier this year, a survey of about half of South Australia's surgeons revealed more than 80 per cent had concerns about patients' access to surgery and 84 per cent did not support the Transforming Health implementation process.
Modbury Hospital
Phil Palmer
Sonja Latzel
Transforming Health
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Jemma Chapman Tuesday, January 19
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Rally planned to save Urrbrae gatehouse, as Govt accused of being 'tricky'
Jemma Chapman Monday, January 18


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Ivan, your presentation was great as well!
Can you, please, add it to the list. Thanks!
Any idea if the slides for the presentations are or will be made available? I had a bit of a poke around and didn't have any luck. Thanks.
Presentations are being collected and will be published. Links will appear on the event agenda, talks titles will become "active".


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Richard Darcy may refer to:

Richard Darcy, character in Anna und die Liebe
Richard Southwell alias Darcy, MP

See also
Richard Darcey

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


This thesis offers stories at the interplay of sentimental fabrics like surfactants and proteins with not easy silica nanomaterials. as a result of its interdisciplinary nature it combines techniques from the fields of actual chemistry, nanoscience and fabrics technology, yielding to basic insights into the structure-directing forces working on the nano-scale. it truly is proven that the morphology of surfactant micellar aggregates adsorbed on the floor of nanoparticles and within tubular nanopores should be tuned on call for through the co-adsorption of a floor modifier. The interplay of globular proteins with silica nanoparticles is ruled by means of electrostatic interactions and will be managed by way of pH and ionic power, whereas the bridging of nanoparticles by means of adsorbed protein molecules results in large-scale hybrid aggregates of protein with the nanoparticles. recommendations rising from the position of electrostatic interactions within the hetero-aggregation of nanoparticles with protein molecules are used for the co-assembly of charged microbeads into linear clusters and chains of controllable length.
This publication offers with facets of the nationwide innovation method of Belgium. it's the results of a examine together undertaken by means of groups of the college of Antwerp (RUCA) and the loose college of Brussels (ULB) within the context of the OECD DSTI operating staff on Innovation and know-how coverage, which delivered to gether experts from many of the OECD international locations as a way to streamline and co-ordinate study on nationwide innovation platforms.
Sensors: An Introductory direction provides an crucial reference at the basics of sensors. The publication is designed to assist readers in constructing abilities and the certainty required on the way to enforce quite a lot of sensors which are ordinary in our day-by-day lives. This publication covers the fundamental options within the sensors box, together with definitions and terminologies.
Quite a few units at nanometer/molecular scale for digital, photonic, optoelectronic, organic, and mechanical purposes were created in the course of the swift improvement of fabrics and fabrication know-how. additional improvement of nanodevices strongly is determined by the cutting-edge wisdom of technological know-how and expertise on the sub-100 nm scale.
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Milton Keynes est une ville nouvelle du Buckinghamshire, en Angleterre.

La ville est née d'une loi votée par le Parlement britannique en 1967, et gérée par une autorité unitaire depuis 1992 (comté de Milton Keynes). Avec plus de , c'est aujourd'hui la plus importante des villes nouvelles en Angleterre. Milton Keynes est également le centre urbain qui enregistre la plus forte expansion grâce à trois décennies de succès et de croissance économique rapide. 75 % des emplois concernent le secteur des services (commerce de détail, éducation, formation, conception de matériel informatique et de logiciels, secteur de la banque, des assurances et conseils en gestion d'entreprise).

La ville est depuis de nombreuses années considérée comme la « capitale énergétique du Royaume-Uni », notamment en raison de l'exigence des normes appliquées à ses bâtiments en matière d'efficacité énergétique et aussi pour avoir accueilli plusieurs grandes manifestations consacrées à l'architecture innovante.

Urbanisme
Milton Keynes regroupe plusieurs villes et quartiers, d'anciens villages, tous reliés entre eux par un réseau routier dense et constitué de nombreuses autoroutes urbaines et voies rapides. L'agglomération est aisément reliée à Londres par l'autoroute britannique M1 et la grande ligne ferroviaire de la côte ouest (West Coast mainline). La ville se trouve à égale distance d'Oxford et Cambridge d'une part et de Birmingham et Londres d'autre part.

Le plan général d'urbanisation est géométrique : des routes verticales principales recoupent perpendiculairement des routes horizontales. Ces routes verticales sont numérotées V1, V2, etc.  (V pour Vertical), et portent le nom de rue, street en anglais. Les routes horizontales H1, H2, etc. (H pour Horizontal) , portent le nom de voies, way en anglais. Ce réseau principal est complété par un réseau secondaire qui dessert les différents quartiers, les zones d'activité et les espaces pavillonnaires. Cet ensemble de routes se croise en de nombreux ronds-points. La ville est particulièrement bien équipée en parkings.

L'agglomération est largement aérée par des espaces verts, des parcours de golf, des parcs (comme l'Ouzel Valley Park et le Campbell Park) et des lacs (comme Caldecotte Lake ou Willen Lake).

Milton Keynes dispose de nombreux espaces récréatifs et culturels (un théâtre important, un centre de loisirs aquatique, des parcours pédestres, etc.), un hôpital à Netherfield, une université à Walnut Tree.

L'agglomération est entourée de forêts (comme Brickhill) et de prairies.

Quartiers
Milton Keynes regroupe plusieurs villes (Stony Stratford, Wolverton et Bletchley) qui forment des quartiers distincts dans le schéma d'urbanisme de la ville nouvelle :
Newport Pagnell, au nord sur la Great Ouse river.
Great Linford, bordé par le Manor Park.
Stantonbury, séparé du centre de Milton Keynes par le bois de Linford.
Neath Hill.
Bradville, vers l'ouest.
Wolverton, au nord-ouest, bordé par l'Ouse Valley Park, traversé par l'Iron Trunk Aqueduct.
Stony Stratford, à l'ouest, sur la Great Ouse River.
Two Mile Ash, où se trouve le parcours de golf d'Abbey Hill.
Bancroft, où se trouve une villa romaine.
Central Milton Keynes, traversé par de larges allées et qui regroupe plusieurs équipements importants : centre commercial régional, gare ferroviaire, église (City Church), poste de police, théâtre, grand stade de hockey, et le parc de Campbell. Central Milton Keynes est divisé en quartiers : Fishermead, Oldbrook et Winterhill au sud, Bradwell, Heelands, Conniburrow et Silbury au nord.
Downs Barn.
Springfield sur l'Ouzel River.
Milton Keynes village, à l'est, noyau initial.
Kingston et Wavendon, sur les limites orientales.
Mount Farm et Bletchey, au sud de l'agglomération.
Furzton, avec le parcours de golf de Windmill Hill à Tattenhoe.
Shenley Church End et Crownhill, à l'ouest de la ville nouvelle.

Tous ces différents quartiers sont reliés entre eux par un important réseau routier, avec de nombreuses autoroutes urbaines.

Lieux renommés
Bletchley Park est l'endroit où les Anglais cassèrent le code Enigma, utilisé par les Allemands pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale. Le site abrite aujourd'hui un musée de l'informatique.

L'Open University, située à Milton Keynes, est la seule université d'enseignement à distance du pays.

En 1996, Jackie Stewart y installe le siège sa nouvelle écurie de Formule 1, Stewart Grand Prix. L'écurie est rachetée par Ford et devient Jaguar Racing à partir de 2000. Elle est ensuite vendue à la société Red Bull en fin d'année 2004 et engagée sous le nom de Red Bull Racing à partir de 2005.

Le National Bowl est un amphithéâtre naturel pouvant accueillir jusqu'à 65 000 spectateurs. Queen y a enregistré son Queen on Fire: Live at the Bowl, Green Day son Bullet in a Bible, The Prodigy le DVD live World's on Fire et Linkin Park son Road to Revolution: Live at Milton Keynes.

Perception du public
En Angleterre, Milton Keynes n'est pas très populaire ; la ville est la cible de nombreuses plaisanteries sur sa laideur — principalement au sujet des rond-points et vaches de béton (sculptures au nord de la ville). En outre, la ville a un système de routes principales étrange, car il existe en effet de nombreux rond-points où les routes font des boucles.

De plus, le club de football principal de la ville était initialement situé à Wimbledon et fut déplacé à la suite de son rachat sur Milton Keynes. Le Milton Keynes Dons Football Club joue désormais en  EFL League One, la troisième division anglaise où il retrouve cette saison (2016-2017)  l'AFC Wimbledon (club reconstruit sur les cendres du club original).

À proximité
Bedford, ville anglaise au centre-ville typique.
Luton, et son aéroport international.
L'université de Cranfield, mondialement reconnue pour sa formation en aéronautique.

Notes et références

Annexes

Articles connexes
Milton Keynes South et Milton Keynes North sont des circonscriptions nationales pour le Parlement, couvrant la ville et ses environs.

Liens externes

  Site officiel

  Milton Keynes(DMOZ.org)

Ville dans le Buckinghamshire
Ville nouvelle en Angleterre


text:
La Magdeleine – miejscowość i gmina we Włoszech, w regionie Dolina Aosty, w dolinie Valtournenche w Alpach Pennińskich.

Według danych na styczeń 2009 gminę zamieszkiwało 105 osób przy gęstości zaludnienia 11,8 os./1 km².

Linki zewnętrzne
 źródło danych: Istituto Nazionale di Statistica

Miejscowości w Dolinie Aosty
Dolina Aosty


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