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Double Feature #22 : Secret Agent Man (Part 1)
So, I've had somewhat of a spy movie marathon. As I travel, I like to watch flicks on the plane, and I've watched a motherload of back to back secret agent films at 39 thousand feet.
It's amazing how close these films adhere to the Bond movie tropes: they all have eccentric megalomaniacs as the villains out to take over the world, suave starched collar types as the lead agents, and are littered with sixties style cheesecake. But as cookie-cutter as they are, I wouldn't have it any other way. For the same reason I like my slasher films to paint-by-numbers, I like my Bond-clones to stick to the protocol.
So, we'll start off our journey into the world of spy cinema with The Spy in the Green Hat, then move on to Spy Today, Die Tomorrow (1967)....
The Spy in the Green Hat (1967)
This was actually a two part TV episode of The Man from UNCLE which played theatrically overseas. American audiences couldn't quite bring themselves tho pay for something they could catch on the boob tube for free.
It's easy to make Austin Powers comparisons with just about any sixties spy movie, but this one takes the cake. Complete with diabolical and outrageous plans to destroy the world from a secret lair, a lunatic evil mastermind, disposable uniformed henchmen, and a groovy soundtrack (courtesy Nelson Riddle), this is the very definition of shagadelic secret agent cinema.
Jack Palance plays the role of THRUSH baddie Strago, the film's Dr. Evil, with his usual over the top flair; always slightly psychotic but with a slightly campy Batman villain flair. That's why I like Palance - he's got the overblown intensity of Klaus Kinski without being a scary buzzkill.
So, Palance's character has enlisted the help of a Nazi scientist to redirect the jet stream, turning the Western nations into frozen wastelands, and Greenland into a warm paradise... And the new homeland of The Third Reich. THRUSH will, of course, capitalize on the chaos and rule the world.
His sidekick is Miss Diketon, played by Janet Leigh. The best I can compare this character to is Elijah Wood's character in Sin City. A soulless killer, a mentally sick predator, which Leigh plays to perfection. But unlike Frodo Baggins, she is a stone cold fox.
When Strago orders her to kill a henchman, Miss Diketon unzips her dress to reveal a blade in her garter. You can just imagine male audiences in 1967 easing a little bit closer to the television during this sizzling scene.
So, our two UNCLE agents are dispatched to Sicily to thwart Strago's diabolical plans. After a terrorist attack in a crowded street, Solo is injured, and wakes up in the care of a smoking hot Sicilian babe named Pia.
Solo leaves the care of his Sicilian Florence Nightingale, but is quickly spotted by THRUSH henchmen patrolling the streets. He re-enters Pia's room while she is changing.
As I said, this was released theatrically overseas; but was on TV in the States. I find it very hard to believe that her bare back was on display in American homes in 1967. I would imagine this scene was only shown in the European cinematic release. Still, pretty risqué for the time.
Unfortunately, Pia's mother believes the two have had sexual relations and demands that Solo marry her daughter at once. Of course, it's just a misunderstanding (Solo was just hiding under her bed to avoid detection by THRUSH).
And this is where things take a silly turn. Once Solo escapes, the mother contacts her mob relatives in the States to find him and restore her daughter's dignity. As someone with Italian heritage, I must admit, the mob stereotypes in these old films gets a bit old. I'm not so thin skinned that I'm offended... But, it's just so damn predictable.
While Solo was having his boo boos mended by a Mediterranean lovely, Ilya was actually getting some work done for UNCLE. He managed to infiltrate the THRUSH headquarters and get some Intel on Strago's plot to divert the jet stream.... Oh, and did I mention, he's got a giant laser? (Dr. Evil would be proud)
Eventually, the three factions collide: UNCLE, THRUSH and the mob meet head to head at Strago's island lair. Napoleon Solo uses his dashing charisma to get the mobsters on his side and they manage to overtake Strago's army of idiotic, clueless henchmen - they make Stormtroopers look like expert marksmen.
Did I fail to mention this whole mob plot line is unbelievably retarded? For one, it's highly unreasonable that they'd band together to this extent just to catch a fleeing lover. Second, they're all OLD mobsters, whose glory days were back in Prohibition... How insane is it that they'd manage to overtake a THRUSH base, with a LASER cannon for God's sake? I suppose they are in the film to provide a bit of levity, but they're not particularly funny.
Who's not particularly funny is Strago, who gets a little bit rapey with Pia.. He has captured the lovely Pia in hopes of luring Solo into his clutches. Trouble is, he gets grabby with his captive, and God knows how far he'd have gotten if he hadn't been interrupted by the demented Miss Diketon.
Hell hath no fury as a woman scorned; Miss Diketon is none too pleased to find her cold heart's only love sexually assaulting this Sicilian floozy.
Queue the cat fight....
Pia and Miss Diketon engage in a knife battle atop a table in what may very well be one of the sexiest spy movie scenes ever. Janet Leigh versus Roman wrestling in skirts is the stuff dreams are made of.
But the Italian ends up beating the skilled assassin (which is a tad unrealistic, but I'm far to happy to care at this juncture). Strago and henchmen arrive in time to apprehend Pia, and find an unconscious Miss Diketon on the table. He is very disappointed.
Indeed, his disappointment is such that he dismisses her from his service. Remember what I said about a woman scorned? A vengeful Miss Diketon allies herself with a captive Ilya.... Strago's days are numbered. Now he's got not only the mob and UNCLE after him, he's got a psychopathic killer as well.
It ends in predictable fashion. Strago is electrocuted, and a dying Miss Diketon dies happy knowing he's dead. The mob are happy to learn Pia's still a virgin, and they all enjoy a big plate of meatballs. The End.
It's all pretty campy and dumb, but it's a good time nonetheless. My understanding is that this is considered the best of all the Man from UNCLE movies... Which is a pretty bad indictment of the others, as this wasn't so hot.
Oh, and who exactly is the spy in the green hat? No idea.
Spy Today, Die Tomorrow (1967)
AKA Die Slowly, You'll Enjoy It More; original title: Mister Dynamit - Morgen küßt euch der Tod
Picture a James Bond movie, with all the usual tropes, but it's made by odd humorless Germans, and that's this movie. It tries its little heart out to be a Bond film, but a conglomeration of Bond tropes does not a Bond film make. Plus, it definitely has a slightly weird flavor; a dead giveaway that this isn't your ordinary UK spy flick... There's something very, very German going on here.
So, like any good Bond clone, we have to have an eccentric villain, Bardo Baretti (Amedeo Nazzari), intent on doing something evil on a grand scale. Here, we have a guy who has stolen a nuclear bomb from America and plans on dropping it on D.C, then Munich.
What's eccentric about him? Well, he's pretty boring except for the fact that he periodically downs an entire bottle of alcohol in one gulp, then pulls an area rug from the ceiling and rolls himself into it. Yeah, you read that right. His eccentricity is that he chugs alcohol then rolls himself into an area rug.
Our studly German agent named "Mister Dynamite" (Lex Barker) is tasked with stopping global thermonuclear annihilation. Always with a sly smile, he dispatches nameless henchmen with ease.
Of course, he has the German version of "Q" to help out of a jam. This Q, however, serves as comic relief (yet, is exceptionally unfunny). As he demonstrates the various spy gadgets, he accidentally swallows a smoke bomb.... And Mr. Dynamite makes a fool out of him by demonstrating his skill at throwing his voice (I told you this was odd).
But what of the "Bond' girls? Every secret agent movie has to be well stocked with smoking hot babes. Spy Today Die Tomorrow has some pretty ladies, but is pretty sparing with them; definitely under-performing in the quantity of cheesecake department.
The primary hottie is Miss Forrester who acts as a government administrator, but is really working for Dr. Evil. We get to see Ms. Forrester sunning in a bikini, and posing suggestively to lure Mr. Dynamite (he, of course, falls for the bait).
Then, there are a couple random babes. The first is Dr. Evil's wench whom we meet at the start of the film. Dr. Evil has had enough of her wanton ways, then tells her to get lost.... (And then, naturally, downs an entire bottle before curling up in a rug). Then, we never see her again... So, this had no bearing on the story whatsoever. Obviously, just a cheap means to supply a brief moment of eye candy (and I won't fault them for that).
There are a couple other girls that glom onto our hero - one is a bikini babe who Mr. Dynamite is about to shag... But business calls, and he's picked up in a helicopter to go save the world. She's left high and dry on the beach, wondering why a refrigerator salesman would need to leave on a helicopter. (Yep. That's what he told her. That he's a refrigerator salesman.)
The other "Bond" girl helps him traverse to the main baddie's headquarters unnoticed. This is somewhat of a risqué scene for the time, as we see her from the back, topless.
To put it simply, this is just not any good. And its worst offense is that it is painfully boring. Easily 90 percent of this film is 50 year old men talking about I-don't-care-what.
So, despite its German oddness and the sparse sampling of Euro-hotties, this is one Bond clone that definitely under-delivers. Gilligan says skip it.
Labels: Double Feature, German, Jack Palance, James Bond, Janet Leigh, Man from UNCLE, Robert Vaughn, spy
Tony Rendoney March 07, 2016
The fight scene between Leigh and Roman was a real button pusher ...
B Smith March 07, 2016
"My understanding is that this is considered the best of all the Man from UNCLE movies"
Try "The Helicopter Spies"...it's not bad at all! Avoid "The Karate Killers"...it's not too good!
One thing that made these UNCLE films worth watching here south of the equator was that a) unlike today, there was no telling when we were going to get those two episodes of UNCLE (your TV season started in September, ours in February...there's a good chance we mightn't have had this on TV till mid-1968), and b) they were in colour! (Australia didn't get colour TV till 1975).
Gilligan Newton-John March 07, 2016
No color TV until '75? Wow. I learn something new every day doing this blog!
Paul Duca April 01, 2016
Most of those U.N.C.L.E. "movies" had a theatrical release in the States as well--most homes still lacked color TV.
K Penche March 07, 2016
Maybe there is a nude UNCLE scene for Euro audiences we haven't seen here...and for hotties I'd take the German one over that Quinn Martin pap. They knew how to exploit their resources.
Barry Rivadue March 07, 2016
I bet this was a European version; no way would some of this stuff been on prime time back then.
Todd Mason June 09, 2016
OK, I've just looked at the version of the two episodes "The Concrete Overcoat Affair" broadcast on the MeTV network, which may be the syndicated repeat versions with a little more trimming for commercial time than the original broadcast form, but might also be the original broadcast package episodes (since they're nice, clean copies) that have had a few eccentrically sudden commercial breaks inserted by MeTV. Ms. Roman's back is missing from the broadcast, rather sloppily cutting away from her just beginning to take her shirt off to Solo in the window, looking in and away as he explains why he's back (koff) so quickly, to her mildly exasperated, already sheet-draped self. Also, we join Strega's attack on Pia in progress while she's already on the balcony railing, threatening to jump, so most of his forcing himself on her seems to have been left out...Ms. Diketon (originally meant to be an evil lesbian, perhaps, in imitation of Pussy Galore, whose movie "arc" she rather follows?) says she knocked twice before coming in, but I don't believe we hear that (or see her on the other side of the door, no doubt wondering why no answer). The Green-Hatted Man turns out to be Strega's boss, whose hat is very nearly black of course). And the Big Gun on the island isn't a laser so much as a focused-sound weapon, which nearly vibrates Solo to death, but isn't used on the Mafiosi as they storm the island (stopping to pick up the floating, half-drowned Solo from his boat's wreckage, because they're coming in on a fishing boat, and Strega and company simply figure they are fishermen and hope to scare them away with a patrol boat. Janet Leigh is Extremely muscularly defined for a woman around 40 in 1966, but Dikeman really can't take a punch; when Leigh's cleavage isn't on abundant display in the US broadcast version, Roman's is there to take up the (taught blouse) slack (and Leigh gets to display her thigh at least three times while going tor her knife). Quite aside from their gorgeousness, it is notable that Leigh and to some extent Roman give probably the best performances in the episode, even more than Palance, clearly enjoying working his schtick...and U.N.C.L.E top man Topper...I mean Leo Carroll...is as good in his dry, bemused way as usual...neither woman is at all a waif, and assassin vs. Mafia niece does make for a reasonably likely brawl match-up under the circumstances. And, as a fellow Son of Italy (only my WASPy name is legal and all, as I'm only a quarter Milanese), of course the Our/Their Thing bits are hack, but at least such vets as Eduardo Cianelli and (in a cameo, in episode one, that is both stupid joke and film student call-back) Elisha Cook, Jr. get to play the aged mobsters...why else drag Sicily into the script (asks the quarter Milanese, without the sneer my cousins might have while asking the same question)? Kind of amusing that the wonderful film BOUND slightly echoes this typically shambolic Affair.
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Three's enough
by Paulette Brown-Hinds October 5, 2002
Three future Hall of Famers
Three Record Breaking Performances
By G. Montgomery
BVN Staff
Oakland – The Raiders took the field to do battle with the mighty Titans from Tennessee.
Having met recently on August 15th in a preseason contest won by the Titans, obviously, the Titans came to town expecting to see a similar version of the team they faced a month ago. The Titans were not informed that this was not the same Raiders team. More importantly, there was no warning that they were about to step directly into the path of three of the NFL's greatest players on their way to Canton. Tim Brown, Rod Woodson and Jerry Rice showed up and decided to make the Titans' day miserable while adding a few more statistical milestones to their hall of fame careers.
Tim Brown, Jerry Rice and Rod Woodson represent 49 years of NFL experience. All three will certainly be first ballot entries into the Hall of Fame as soon as they are eligible. They have defied father time and continue to be as good and as productive as their younger contemporaries. On Sunday all three added to their legends with record breaking performances.
Jerry Rice had 144 yards receiving and another 7 rushing giving him 21,281 yards and propelling him past Walter Payton (21,264) as the all time yardage leader from scrimmage.
Rod Woodson had 3 interceptions returning one 82 yards for a touch down. Woodson's performance against the Titans made him the NFL's career leader in interception-return yardage with 1339 yard.
Tim Brown had 6 catches for 90 yards, the last one a 41-yard scamper to the end zone. That catch moved Tim to third place on the NFL's career Reception list.
This Raider team is often described by the experts as an older team. That characterization could be misleading, considering the unique blend of quality veterans, all time greats playing at high levels and talented young player. This bus to Canton may take a brief detour through San Diego.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Dermatophyte
(Redirected from Dermatophytes)
Find sources: "Dermatophyte" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (December 2008) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
Dermatophytes (from Greek δέρμα derma "skin" (GEN δέρματος dermatos) and φυτόν phyton "plant")[1] are a common label for a group of three types of fungus that commonly causes skin disease in animals and humans.[2] These anamorphic (asexual or imperfect fungi) mold genera are: Microsporum, Epidermophyton and Trichophyton.[3] There are about 40 species in these three genera. Species capable of reproducing sexually belong in the teleomorphic genus Arthroderma, of the Ascomycota (see Teleomorph, anamorph and holomorph for more information on this type of fungal life cycle).
Dermatophytes cause infections of the skin, hair, and nails, obtaining nutrients from keratinized material.[4] The organisms colonize the keratin tissues causing inflammation as the host responds to metabolic byproducts. Colonies of dematophytes are usually restricted to the nonliving cornified layer of the epidermis because of their inability to penetrate viable tissue of an immunocompetent host. Invasion does elicit a host response ranging from mild to severe. Acid proteinases (proteases),[5] elastase, keratinases, and other proteinases reportedly act as virulence factors. Additionally, the products of these degradative enzymes serve as nutrients for the fungi.[5] The development of cell-mediated immunity correlated with delayed hypersensitivity and an inflammatory response is associated with clinical cure, whereas the lack of or a defective cell-mediated immunity predisposes the host to chronic or recurrent dermatophyte infection.
Some of these skin infections are known as ringworm or tinea (which is the Latin word for "worm"), though infections are not caused by worms.[3][6] It is thought that the word tinea (worm) is used to describe the snake-like appearance of the dermatophyte on skin.[6] Toenail and fingernail infections are referred to as onychomycosis. Dermatophytes usually do not invade living tissues, but colonize the outer layer of the skin. Occasionally the organisms do invade subcutaneous tissues, resulting in kerion development.
1 Types of infections
1.1 Tinea pedis or athlete's foot
1.2 Tinea cruris or jock itch
1.3 Tinea corpora or ringworm of the body
1.4 Tinea faciei or facial ringworm
1.5 Tinea capitis or scalp ("blackdot") ringworm
1.6 Tinea manuum or ringworm of the hands
1.7 Onychomycosis, tinea unguium, or ringworm of the nail
1.8 Tinea incognito
2 Pathogenesis
3 Immune response
4 Diagnosis and identification
5 Transmission
6.1 Sexual reproduction
7 Frequency of species
9 Medications
10 Treatment
Types of infectionsEdit
Infections by dermatophytes affect the superficial skin, hair, and nails are named using "tinea" followed by the Latin term for the area that is affected.[3] Manifestation of infection tends to involve erythema, induration, itching, and scaling. Dermatophytoses tend to occur in moist areas and skin folds.[7] The degree of infection depends on the specific site of infection, the fungal species, and the host inflammatory response.[7]
Although symptoms can be barely noticeable in some cases, dermatophytoses can produce "chronic progressive eruptions that last months or years, causing considerable discomfort and disfiguration." [7] Dermatophytoses are generally painless and are not life-threatening.[7]
Tinea pedis also known as athletes foot.
Tinea pedis or athlete's footEdit
Contrary to the name, tinea pedis does not solely affect athletes. Tinea pedis affects men more than women, and is uncommon in children.[8][3] Even in developed countries, tinea pedis is one of the most common superficial skin infections by fungi.[8]
The infection can be seen between the toes (interdigital pattern)[9] and may spread to the sole of the foot in a "moccasin" pattern. In some cases, the infection may progress into a "vesiculobullous pattern" in which small, fluid-filled blisters are present.[9] The lesions may be accompanied by peeling, maceration (peeling due to moisture), and itching.[3]
Later stages of tinea pedis might include hyperkeratosis (thickened skin) of the soles, as well as bacterial infection (by streptococcus and staphylococcus) or cellulitis due to fissures developing between the toes.[3][10]
Another implication of tinea pedis, especially for older adults or those with vascular disease, diabetes mellitus, or nail trauma, is onychomycosis of the toenails.[3] Nails become thick, discolored, and brittle, and often onycholysis (painless separation of nail from nail bed) occurs.[3]
Tinea cruris or jock itchEdit
More commonly occurs in men than women. Tinea cruris may be exacerbated by sweat and tight clothing (hence the term "jock itch").[3][9] Frequently, the feet are also involved. The theory is that the feet get infected first from contact with the ground. The fungus spores are carried to the groin from scratching from putting on underclothing or pants. The infection frequently extends from the groin to the perianal skin and gluteal cleft.
The rashes appear red, scaly, and pustular, and is often accompanied by itch. Tinea cruris should be differentiated from other similar dermal conditions such as intertriginous candidiasis, erythrasma, and psoriasis.[3]
Tinea corpora or ringworm of the bodyEdit
Tinea Corporis of the arm with an active border and central clearing.
Lesions appear as round, red, scaly, patches with well-defined, raised edges, often with a central clearing and very itchy (usually on trunk, limbs, and also in other body parts). The lesions can be confused with contact dermatitis, eczema, and psoriasis.[3]
Tinea faciei or facial ringwormEdit
Round or ring shaped red patches may occur on non-bearded areas of the face.[10] This type of dermatophytosis can have a subtle appearance, sometimes known as "tine incognito". [10] It can be misdiagnosed for other conditions like psoriasis, discoid lupus, etc. and might be aggravated by treatment with immunosuppressive topical steroid creams.[11]
Tinea capitis or scalp ("blackdot") ringwormEdit
Children from ages 3 to 7 are most commonly infected with tinea capitis.[3] Trichophyton tonsurans is the most common cause of out breaks of tinea capitis in children, and is the main cause of endothrix (inside hair) infections. Trichophyton rubrum is also a very common cause of favus, a form of tinea capitis in which crusts are seen on the scalp.
Tinea capitis is characterized by irregular or well-demarcated alopecia (balding) and scaling.
Infected hair shafts are broken off just at the base, leaving a black dot just under the surface of the skin, and alopecia can result.[3] Scraping these residual black dot will yield the best diagnostic scrapings for microscopic exam. Numerous green arthrospores will be seen under the microscope inside the stubbles of broken hair shafts at 400x. Tinea capitis cannot be treated topically, and must be treated systemically with antifungals.[12]
Tinea manuum or ringworm of the handsEdit
In most cases of tinea manuum, only one hand is involved. Frequently both feet are involved concurrently, thus the saying "one hand, two feet".[13]
Onychomycosis, tinea unguium, or ringworm of the nailEdit
See Onychomycosis
Tinea incognitoEdit
Ringworm infections modified by corticosteroids, systemic or topical, prescribed for some pre-existing pathology or given mistakenly for the treatment of misdiagnosed tinea.
PathogenesisEdit
In order for dermatophytoses to occur, the fungus must directly contact the skin.[7] Likelihood of infection is increased if the skin integrity is compromised, as in minor breaks.[7]
The fungi use various proteinases to establish infection in the keratinized stratum corneum.[7] Some studies also suggest that a class of proteins called LysM coat the fungal cell walls to help the fungi evade host cell immune response.[7]
The course of infection varies between each case, and may be determined by several factors including: "the anatomic location, the degree of skin moisture, the dynamics of skin growth and desquamation, the speed and extent of the inflammatory response, and the infecting species."[7]
The ring shape of dermatophyte lesions result from outward growth of the fungi.[3] The fungi spread in a centrifugal pattern in the stratum corneum, which is the outermost keratinized layer of the skin.[3]
For nail infections, the growth initiates through the lateral or superficial nail plates, then continues throughout the nail.[3] For hair infections, fungal invasion begins at the hair shaft.[3]
Symptoms manifest from inflammatory reactions due to the fungal antigens.[3] The rapid turnover of desquamation, or skin peeling, due to inflammation limits dermatophytoses, as the fungi are pushed out of the skin.[7]
Dermatophytoses rarely cause serious illness, as the fungi infection tends to be limited to the superficial skin.[8] The infection tends to self-resolve so long as the fungal growth does not exceed inflammatory response and desquamation rate is sufficient.[7] If immune response is insufficient, however, infection may progress to chronic inflammation.[7]
Immune responseEdit
Fortunately, dermatophytoses soon progress from the inflammatory stage to spontaneous healing, which is largely cell-mediated.[7] Fungi are destroyed via oxidative pathways by phagocytes both intracellularly and extracellularly.[7] T-cell-mediated response using TH1 cells are likely responsible for controlling infection.[7] It is unclear whether the antifungal antibodies formed in response to the infection play a role in immunity.[7]
Infection may become chronic and widespread if the host has a compromised immune system and is receiving treatment that reduces T-lymphocyte function.[7] Also, the responsible species for chronic infections in both normal and immunocompromised patients tends to be Trichophyton rubrum; immune response tends to be hyporeactive.[7] However, "the clinical manifestations of these infections are largely due to delayed-type hypersensitivity responses to these agents rather than from direct effects of the fungus on the host."[7]
Diagnosis and identificationEdit
Usually, dermatophyte infections can be diagnosed by their appearance.[3] However, a confirmatory rapid in-office test can also be conducted, which entails using a scalpel to scrape off a lesion sample from the nail, skin, or scalp and transferring it to a slide. Potassium hydroxide (KOH) is added to the slide and the sample is examined with a microscope to determine presence of hyphae.[3] Care should be taken in procurement of a sample, as false-negative results may occur if the patient is already using an antifungal, if too small a sample is obtained, or if sample from a wrong site is collected.[8]
Additionally, a Wood's lamp examination (ultraviolet light) may be used to diagnose specific dermatophytes that fluoresce.[10] Should there be an outbreak or if a patient is not responding well to therapy, sometimes a fungal culture is indicated.[3] A fungal culture is also used when long-term oral therapy is being considered. [10]
Fungal culture medium can be used for positive identification of the species. The fungi tend to grow well at 25 degrees Celsius on Sabouraud's agar within a few days to a few weeks.[7] In the culture, characteristic septate hyphae can be seen interspersed among the epithelial cells, and the conidia may form either on the hyphae or on conidiophores.[7] Trichophyton tonsurans, the causative agent of tinea capitis (scalp infection) can be seen as solidly packed arthrospores within the broken hairshafts scraped from the plugged black dots of the scalp. Microscopic morphology of the micro- and macroconidia is the most reliable identification character, but both good slide preparation and stimulation of sporulation in some strains are needed. While small microconidia may not always form, the larger macroconidia aids in identification of the fungal species.[7]
Culture characteristics such as surface texture, topography and pigmentation are variable, so they are the least reliable criteria for identification. Clinical information such as the appearance of the lesion, site, geographic location, travel history, animal contacts and race is also important, especially in identifying rare non-sporulating species like Trichophyton concentricum, Microsporum audouinii and Trichophyton schoenleinii.
A special agar called Dermatophyte Test Medium (DTM) has been formulated to grow and identify dermatophytes.[14] Without having to look at the colony, the hyphae, or macroconidia, one can identify the dermatophyte by a simple color test. The specimen (scraping from skin, nail, or hair) is embedded in the DTM culture medium. It is incubated at room temperature for 10 to 14 days. If the fungus is a dermatophyte, the medium will turn bright red. If the fungus is not a dermatophyte, no color change will be noted. If kept beyond 14 days, false positive can result even with non-dermatophytes. Specimen from the DTM can be sent for species identification if desired.
Often dermatophyte infection may resemble other inflammatory skin disorders or dermatitis, thus leading to misdiagnosis of fungal infections.[8]
TransmissionEdit
Dermatophytes are transmitted by direct contact with an infected host (human or animal)[3] or by direct or indirect contact with infected shed skin or hair in fomites such as clothing, combs, hair brushes, theatre seats, caps, furniture, bed linens, shoes,[15] socks,[15] towels, hotel rugs, sauna, bathhouse, and locker room floors. Also, transmission may occur from soil-to-skin contact.[3] Depending on the species the organism may be viable in the environment for up to 15 months.
While even healthy individuals may become infected,[8] there is an increased susceptibility to infection when there is a preexisting injury to the skin such as scars, burns, excessive temperature and humidity. Adaptation to growth on humans by most geophilic species resulted in diminished loss of sporulation, sexuality, and other soil-associated characteristics.
ClassificationEdit
Dermatophytes are classified as anthropophilic (humans), zoophilic (animals) or geophilic (soil) according to their normal habitat.
Anthropophilic dermatophytes are restricted to human hosts and produce a mild, chronic inflammation.
Zoophilic organisms are found primarily in animals and cause marked inflammatory reactions in humans who have contact with infected cats, dogs, cattle, horses, birds, or other animals. Infection may also be transmitted via indirect contact with infected animals, such as by their hair.[5] This is followed by a rapid termination of the infection.
Geophilic species are usually recovered from the soil but occasionally infect humans and animals. They cause a marked inflammatory reaction, which limits the spread of the infection and may lead to a spontaneous cure but may also leave scars.
Sexual reproductionEdit
Dermatophytes reproduce sexually by either of two modes, heterothallism or homothallism.[16] In heterothallic species, interaction of two individuals with compatible mating types are required in order for sexual reproduction to occur. In contrast, homothallic fungi are self-fertile and can complete a sexual cycle without a partner of opposite mating type. Both types of sexual reproduction involve meiosis.
Frequency of speciesEdit
In North America and Europe, the nine most common dermatophyte species are:
Trichophyton: rubrum, tonsurans, mentagrophytes, verrucosum, and schoenlenii[8]
Microsporum: canis, audouinii, and gypseum[8]
Epidermophyton: floccosum[8]
About 76% of the dermatophyte species isolated from humans are Trichophyton rubrum.
27% are Trichophyton mentagrophytes
7% are Trichophyton verrucosum
3% are Trichophyton tonsurans
Infrequently isolated (less than 1%) are Epidermophyton floccosum, Microsporum audouinii, Microsporum canis, Microsporum equinum, Microsporum nanum, Microsporum versicolor, Trichophyton equinum, Trichophyton kanei, Trichophyton raubitschekii, and Trichophyton violaceum.[citation needed]
The mixture of species is quite different in domesticated animals and pets (see ringworm for details).
EpidemiologyEdit
Since dermatophytes are found worldwide, infections by these fungi are extremely common.[3]
Infections occur more in males than in females, as the predominantly female hormone, progesterone, inhibits the growth of dermatophyte fungi.[3]
MedicationsEdit
Main article: Antifungal
General medications for dermatophyte infections include topical ointments.[3]
Topical medications like clotrimazole, butenafine, miconazole, and terbinafine.
Systemic medications (oral) like fluconazole, griseofulvin, terbinafine, and itraconazole.
For extensive skin lesions, itraconazole and terbinafine can speed up healing. Terbinafine is preferred over itraconazole due to fewer drug interactions.[3]
TreatmentEdit
Tinea corpora (body), tinea manus (hands), tinea cruris (groin), tinea pedis (foot) and tinea facie (face) can be treated topically.
Tinea unguum (nails) usually will require oral treatment with terbinafine, itraconizole, or griseofulvin. Griseofulvin is usually not as effective as terbinafine or itraconizole. A lacquer (Penlac) can be used daily, but is ineffective unless combined with aggressive debridement of the affected nail.
Tinea capitis (scalp) must be treated orally, as the medication must be present deep in the hair follicles to eradicate the fungus. Usually griseofulvin is given orally for 2 to 3 months.[17] Clinically dosage up to twice the recommended dose might be used due to relative resistance of some strains of dermatophytes.
Tinea pedis is usually treated with topical medicines, like ketoconazole or terbinafine, and pills, or with medicines that contains miconazole, clotrimazole, or tolnaftate.[17] Antibiotics may be necessary to treat secondary bacterial infections that occur in addition to the fungus (for example, from scratching).
Tinea cruris (groin) should be kept dry as much as possible.[3]
Hair perforation test
National Center for Mycology
^ δέρμα, φυτόν. Liddell, Henry George; Scott, Robert; A Greek–English Lexicon at the Perseus Project.
^ "dermatophyte" at Dorland's Medical Dictionary
^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab Kauffman, Carol A. (2018). Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill. ISBN 978-1-259-64403-0.
^ Midgley, G; Moore, M. K.; Cook, J. C.; Phan, Q. G. (1994). "Mycology of nail disorders". Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology. 31 (3 Pt 2): S68-74. doi:10.1016/s0190-9622(08)81272-8. PMID 8077512.
^ a b c Goldsmith, Lowell A.; Fitzpatrick, Thomas B. (2012). Fitzpatrick's dermatology in general medicine (8th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill Medical. ISBN 9780071669047. OCLC 743275888.
^ a b Jameson, J. Larry; Kasper, Dennis L.; Fauci, Anthony S.; Hauser, Stephen L.; Longo, Dan L.; Loscalzo, Joseph (2018-02-06). Harrison's principles of internal medicine (Twentieth ed.). New York. ISBN 9781259644047. OCLC 990065894.
^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v Ryan, Kenneth J. (2018). Sherris Medical Microbiology. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill. ISBN 978-1-259-85980-9.
^ a b c d e f g h i Soutor, Carol; Hordinsky, Maria K. (2013). Clinical Dermatology. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill. ISBN 978-0-07-176915-0.
^ a b c Hordinsky, Maria K.; Soutor, Carol (2013). Clinical dermatology (1st ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill Education/Lange Medical Books. ISBN 978-0071772969. OCLC 1002009246.
^ a b c d e Tosti, A.; Piraccini, B. M. (2003), "Dermatophyte infections", European Handbook of Dermatological Treatments, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, pp. 131–134, doi:10.1007/978-3-662-07131-1_22, ISBN 9783642056574
^ "Tinea faciei | DermNet NZ".
^ "Tinea Capitis: Background, Pathophysiology, Etiology". 2019-11-09. Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
^ "Tinea manuum | DermNet NZ".
^ "BBL Prepared Tubed and Bottled Medium for Detection and Presumptive Identification of Dermatophytes Dermatophyte Test Medium (DTM), Modified with Chloramphenicol". Becton, Dickinson and Company. Retrieved 2008-12-07.
^ a b Ajello L, Getz ME (1954). "Recovery of dermatophytes from shoes and a shower stall". J. Invest. Dermatol. 22 (1): 17–22. doi:10.1038/jid.1954.5. PMID 13118251.
^ Metin B, Heitman J (Feb 2017). "Sexual Reproduction in Dermatophytes". Mycopathologia. 182 (1–2): 45–55. doi:10.1007/s11046-016-0072-x. PMC 5285299. PMID 27696123.
^ a b Degreef, H. J.; DeDoncker, P. R. (September 1994). "Current therapy of dermatophytosis". Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology. 31 (3 Pt 2): S25–30. doi:10.1016/S0190-9622(08)81263-7. ISSN 0190-9622. PMID 8077504.
Images and descriptions of dermatophytes
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dermatophyte&oldid=995175568"


text:
Q: Is there a good in-browser code editor? We've all seen in-browser rich text editors, which allow you to edit colored/styled text in a WYSIWYG manner. But what about code editors, which automatically highlight code based on language rules as you type? Think Eclipse in a textarea (but without the refactoring support).
Do such things exist? I imagine scaling would be a problem - larger files would be difficult  to edit efficiently.

A: The editArea javascript library does a pretty good job. It's used by the OpenCMS content management system as it's in-place JSP and JavaScript editor. The colorization gets a bit confused when the file is > 2000 lines or so.
The feature list from their page is:

*

*Easy to integrate, only one script include and one function call

*Tab support (allow to write well formated source code)

*Search and replace (with regexp)

*Customizable real-time syntax highlighting (currently: PHP, CSS, Javascript, Python, HTML, XML, VB, C, CPP, SQL, Pascal, Basic, Brainf*ck)

*Auto-indenting new lines

*Line numbering

*Multilanguage support (currently: Croatian, Danish, English, French, German, Italian, Japanese, Polish, Portuguese)

*Full screen mode

*Can work in the same environment than "protype" and "mootools"'s like libraries.

A: Mozilla's Bespin looked very interesting, but the project was discontinued.

A: CodeMirror comes with support for 60+ languages, and addons that implement more advanced editing functionality (autocompletion, code folding, configurable key bindings, search & replace, linter integration etc.). A rich programming API and a CSS theming system are available for customizing CodeMirror, and extending it with new functionality.
It has been developed since early 2007, has a Wikipedia page, and is being used in a wide number of popular open source projects (Joomla, Firebug etc.).

A: Cloud9 looks interesting if you're a JavaScript developer.
Amy Editor is another browser-based editor I've come across today - it looks like it is trying to emulate TextMate in the browser - including Bundles and Snippets - although the project looks like it's likely dead... Homepage/Demo and source on GitHub

A: you can check out dockPHP StackHive for web development (based on codemirror). Right now it supports HTML/CSS development but I am working on live javascript-ing as well..
Disclaimer : I am the founder at dockPHP :)

A: Ace. They don't use an iFrame.

A: Javascript VI, has some bugs but is an interesting idea. VI FTW!

A: This is a sideways suggestion -- but I use the Firefox plugin "It's All Text!" to send my text-areas to  for editing -- all good markups,searching, etc.
Of course, this is user-dependent, and can't be easily rolled-out to visitors, if that is your intent.
However, I tend to get irritated by the limitations of in-browser editors, anyway. (The way SO captures my C-k during edits STILL catches me off-guard... [which means I don't edit everything in Emacs...])

A: I use codiad. I used it with PHP, js and C. Features:

*

*Support for 40+ languages
Plugin Library

*Error checking & notifications

*Mutliple user support

*Editor screen splitting

*LocalStorage redundancy

*Advanced searching tools

*Smart auto-complete

*Real-Time Collaborative editing

*Over 20 Syntax color themes

*Completely Open-Source

*Easily customized source

*Runs on your own server

*Quick-Download backups

*Maximum editor screen space

*i18n Language Support

http://codiad.com

A: Eclipse Orion provides a full-blown Code Edit and a minified Orion Editor. You can see its demo here.

A: codesandbox.com is an up coming choice for several frameworks.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


MedicalMarijuanaParent.com is available for purchase.
MedicalMarijuanaParent.com would be an excellent domain for an online resource or organization geared parents of children who have been prescribed cannabis medicine.
This domain has been listed in our market by a third party. Ask a question or make an offer to purchase MedicalMarijuanaParent.com using the form below, and we will get back to you as soon as possible.
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text:
Philip Glass has always been a composer attracted to issues of social transformation and the forces behind them. Glass composed about 40 minutes of new music for violin and cello as the main body of his score The Crucible. Only half of that music was used in the 2016 production on Broadway and it was supplemented with Glass arranging a number of traditional hymns. What is presented on this album is the complete original music for violin and cello that Glass wrote for the play omitting the hymn songs as well as one short piece for violin cello and organ that was something of a last minute addition. While string instruments evoke an old world and timeless sound one can speculate that the decision for writing for the combination of violin and cello plays on the duality that is ubiquitous in The Crucible... light and dark goodness and evil male and female righteousness and injustice.
Glass: Music For The Crucible
Artist: Philip Glass
1. Cue 1A
2. Cue 1B
3. Cue 2
10. Cue 8
12. Cue 10
14. Cue 11A
15. Cue 12B
17. Cue 1C
18. Cue 5B


text:
package com.samebug.clients.swing.ui.component.authentication;

import com.samebug.clients.common.ui.component.authentication.IAnonymousUseForm;
import com.samebug.clients.common.ui.modules.MessageService;
import com.samebug.clients.swing.tracking.TrackingKeys;
import com.samebug.clients.swing.ui.base.button.SamebugButton;
import com.samebug.clients.swing.ui.modules.DataService;
import com.samebug.clients.swing.ui.modules.ListenerService;

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.MouseAdapter;
import java.awt.event.MouseEvent;

public class AnonymousUseForm extends JComponent implements IAnonymousUseForm {
    final SamebugButton useAnonymously;

    {
        useAnonymously = new UseAnonButton();
        setLayout(new BorderLayout());
        add(useAnonymously);
    }

    @Override
    public void startPost() {
        useAnonymously.changeToLoadingAnimation();
    }

    @Override
    public void failPost() {
        useAnonymously.revertFromLoadingAnimation();
    }

    @Override
    public void successPost() {
        useAnonymously.revertFromLoadingAnimation();
    }

    final class UseAnonButton extends SamebugButton {
        {
            setFilled(false);
            setText(MessageService.message("samebug.component.authentication.anonymousUse"));
            DataService.putData(this, TrackingKeys.Label, getText());
            addMouseListener(new MouseAdapter() {
                @Override
                public void mouseClicked(MouseEvent e) {
                    if (isEnabled()) {
                        getListener().useAnonymously(AnonymousUseForm.this);
                    }
                }
            });
        }
    }

    Listener getListener() {
        return ListenerService.getListener(this, Listener.class);
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
2013 Volkswagen Golf GTI Ready To Rock The Road At Geneva Motor Show
At Volkswagen, the letters 'GTI' have stood for superior dynamic performance for over three decades now. In the tradition of previous models by the same name, Volkswagen is introducing the latest version of the Golf GTI at the Geneva International Motor Show. For the first time, the legendary compact sports car is available from the factory with two power levels: the standard 220 PS GTI and the GTI Performance with 230 PS, larger brake discs and a mechanical front limited-slip differential (VAQ).
The new GTI is powered by a turbocharged direct-injection petrol engine (TSI) with 162 kW / 220 PS. Also available for the first time is a GTI Performance. In this version, the engine's maximum power is boosted to 169 kW / 230 PS. Both GTI models develop a maximum torque of 350 Nm. The standard GTI accelerates to 62 mph in 6.5 seconds and reaches a top speed of 152 mph. The GTI Performance has a top speed of 155 mph and needs just 6.4 seconds for the sprint to 62 mph.
Both versions are equipped with a Stop/Start system and fulfil the EU-6 emissions standard that takes effect in 2014. With a six-speed manual gearbox, they attain the same low fuel consumption value of 6.0 l/100 km, or 47.0 mpg (CO2: 139 g/km). This means that the latest Golf GTI offers an 18 per cent improvement in fuel economy compared to the previous model. With the optional six-speed DSG gearbox, the two GTI models achieve fuel consumption figures of 6.4 (44.1 mpg) and 6.5 l/100 km (43.5 mpg) respectively (equivalent to 148 and 149 g/km CO2).
The sporty character of the Golf GTI is reflected in its red-painted brake callipers, two chrome tailpipes and sports suspension. The exterior features 17-inch 'Brooklyn' alloy wheels with 225/45 size tyres (18-inch 'Austin' alloys will be standard in the UK), special side sills, a rear diffuser and smoked LED rear lights, along with LED numberplate illumination. UK specification will also include bi-xenon headlights with LED daytime running lights.
Interior highlights include sports seats with the classic tartan cloth upholstery, a black rooflining and red ambience lighting. GTI drivers will also appreciate the bespoke sports steering wheel, gear lever and instrument cluster, trim strips and stainless steel pedal caps.
An optimal mix of comfort and safety will come as standard in the Golf GTI. In Germany, advance ordering for the new Golf GTI begins on 5 March, and prices start at €28,350. Volkswagen Retailers in the UK start taking orders for the new GTI on 26 March, with the first deliveries due in June. UK pricing and detailed specification are yet to be confirmed.
Engine: four-cylinder TSI (turbocharged direct petrol injection); front transverse; displacement 1,984 cc; bore/stroke 82.5/92.8 mm; compression ratio 9.8:1
Power: 220 PS from 4,500-6,300 rpm / GTI Performance 230 PS 4,700-6,200 rpm
Torque: 350 Nm (258 lbs ft) from 1,500-4,400 rpm / GTI Performance 1,500-4,600
Front disc brakes 312 x 25 mm / rear ventilated discs 300 x 12 mm /
GTI Performance 340 x 30 mm front / rear 310 x 22 mm
Fuel consumption / CO2 emissions (manual): 47.0 mpg; 139 g/km CO2
Performance (manual): 0-62 mph in 6.5 sec; top speed 152 mph /
GTI Performance 0-62 mph in 6.4 sec; top speed 155 mph
Unladen weight: 1,351 kg
Tags: Geneva, Geneva Motor Show, Golf, Golf GTI, GTI, Motor Show, Volkswagen, Volkswagen Golf, Volkswagen Golf GTI
Nissan LEAF: The Next Chapter
The World's First 9-Speed Automatic Transmission
Significant CO2 savings possible: latest-generation diesel engines approved for fuels made from residual and recycled materials
New Amarok: From South Africa to the World


text:
  !! Local Variables
  INTEGER :: pind
  INTEGER :: II
  INTEGER :: swap
  INTEGER :: ierr

  !! Search for the maximum pivot
  max_diag = [0, 0]
  DO II = start_index, AMat%actual_matrix_dimension
     pind = pivot_vector(II)
     IF (pind .GE. AMat%start_column .AND. pind .LT. AMat%end_column) THEN
        temp_diag = diag(pind - AMat%start_column + 1)
        IF (temp_diag .GT. max_diag(1)) THEN
           max_diag(1) = temp_diag
           max_diag(2) = II
        END IF
     END IF
  END DO
  CALL MPI_Allreduce(MPI_IN_PLACE, max_diag, 1, MPI_2DOUBLE_PRECISION, &
       & MPI_MAXLOC, process_grid%row_comm, ierr)
  index = INT(max_diag(2))
  VALUE = max_diag(1)

  swap = pivot_vector(index)
  pivot_vector(index) = pivot_vector(start_index)
  pivot_vector(start_index) = swap

  index = swap

  !! Determine local pivots
  num_local_pivots = 0
  DO II = start_index + 1, AMat%actual_matrix_dimension
     pind = pivot_vector(II)
     IF (pind .GE. AMat%start_column .AND. pind .LT. AMat%end_column) THEN
        num_local_pivots = num_local_pivots + 1
        local_pivots(num_local_pivots) = pind - AMat%start_column + 1
     END IF
  END DO


text:
On The Level on NBCNews.com
Playing 'outside the wire'
Video games provide relief, therapy for soldiers in Iraq
Next story in On The Level Readers opinion of girl games mixed
Jewel Samad / AFP - Getty Images
U.S. soldiers from the 4th Battalion, 64th Armored Regiment, play with video games at a base in Baghdad. Games can help soldiers deployed in combat zones deal with stress, boredom and loneliness.
By Kristin Kalning Games editor
updated 2/12/2008 9:12:00 AM ET 2008-02-12T14:12:00


An employee voluntarily continues to work at the end of regular working hours to finish an assigned task or finish waiting on a customer.
An employee takes work home to complete in the evening or on weekends to meet a deadline.
If your employees are covered under the federal Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA), all of these are examples of hours worked that generally must be compensated.
What counts as "hours worked" under the FLSA?
In general, "hours worked" includes all time an employee must be on duty, or on the employer's premises or at any other designated place of work, from the beginning of the first principal activity of the work day to the end of the last principal work activity of the workday.
Also included is any additional time the employee is allowed to work. This means that time spent doing work not requested by the employer, but still allowed, is generally hours worked, since the employer knows or has reason to believe that the employees are continuing to work and the employer is benefiting from the work being done.
Rework. When an employee must correct mistakes in his or her work, the time must be treated as hours worked, even when the employee voluntarily does the rework.
Waiting for Work. Time, which an employee is required to be at work or allowed to work for his or her employer, is hours worked. A person hired to do nothing or to do nothing but wait for something to do or something to happen is still working.
Place of Work. Hours worked include all the time during which an employee is required or allowed to perform work for an employer, regardless of where the work is done, whether on the employer's premises, at home or at some other location.
Employers should be especially careful when it comes to allowing non-exempt employees to read and respond to work-related emails after hours through the use of smart phones or similar devices. The time spent on these emails may be considered "hours worked," entitling such employees to compensation.
Remember — it's your responsibility to exercise control and see that work you do not want performed is not done. Merely making a rule against "off the clock" work is not enough. The employer has the power to enforce the rule and must make every effort to do so.
For more information, check out the U.S. Department of Labor's Hours Worked Advisor.


text:
Eaton Constantine
Eaton Constantine CP/AP
Available Themes
Densities and rates of growth. Age structure: concentrations of young people, and of the old.
How people made their living: identifying farming communities, pit villages, mill towns and so on.
Social class and socio-economic groups. Concentrations of professionals, and of unskilled labourers.
How we use the land; crops and farm animals.
Numbers of houses. Overcrowding: persons per room. Amenities: central heating, baths and WCs.
Click on the hyperlinks for direct access to key graphs and tables.
Total Population 1801 to 1931: Population fell from 204 in 1801 to 200 in 1931.
Occupational Structure in 1881:
Here we are presenting statistics for a historical unit, which may have changed its boundaries significantly during the period covered.
Ancient Parish
Eaton Constantine CP/AP, Shropshire
EATON CONSTANTINE Preferred English 1934 F. Youngs, Local Administrative Units: Northern England (London: Royal Historical Society, 1991), p. 385.
FREE CHAP Alternate English F. Youngs, Local Administrative Units: Northern England (London: Royal Historical Society, 1991), p. 385.
was succeeded by EATON CONSTANTINE EP Ecclesiastical Parish F. Youngs, Local Administrative Units: Northern England (London: Royal Historical Society, 1991), p. 385.
SHROPSHIRE Ancient County F. Youngs, Local Administrative Units: Northern England (London: Royal Historical Society, 1991), p. 385.
ATCHAM PLU/RegD Poor Law Union/Reg. District F. Youngs, Local Administrative Units: Northern England (London: Royal Historical Society, 1991), p. 385.
ATCHAM RSD Sanitary District F. Youngs, Local Administrative Units: Northern England (London: Royal Historical Society, 1991), p. 385.
ATCHAM RD Local Government District F. Youngs, Local Administrative Units: Northern England (London: Royal Historical Society, 1991), p. 385.
ATCHAM Registration sub-District 01 Jul 1887 1851 Census of Great Britain, Table [1], 'Population Abstract'.
CONDOVER Registration sub-District 01 Jul 1887 1911 Census of England and Wales, Table 5, 'Registration Counties, Districts and Sub-districts with their constituent civil parishes. - Urban or Rural District in which each parish is situated; Area; families or separate occupiers, and population, 1901 and 1911; and population enumerated in Institutions, large establishments, and on vessels, &c., 1911'.
SOUTH BRADFORD Hundred Ancient District F. Youngs, Local Administrative Units: Northern England (London: Royal Historical Society, 1991), p. 385.
25 Mar 1885 was enlarged by gaining part of UPPINGTON AP/CP Houses in 1891: 2. 1891 Census of England and Wales, Table 14, 'Changes in the Areas of Civil Parishes effected by Local Government Board Orders under the Provisions of the Divided Parishes Acts of 1876 and 1879, or by the Act of 1882'.; LGBO 17485
01 Apr 1934 was abolished to enlarge LEIGHTON CP/AP Area: 945 acres. Population in 1931: 200. 1931 Census of England and Wales, Table B, 'Areas altered between 26th April, 1931 and 30th June, 1934, showing constitution as at the latter date, in terms of constitution as at the former date, together with particulars of acreage and population'.; M. of H. Order No. 77933. The Salop Review Order, 1934
GB Historical GIS / University of Portsmouth, Eaton Constantine CP/AP through time | Census tables with data for the Parish-level Unit, A Vision of Britain through Time.


text:
Finance Federal Budget Government urged to lift spending as CBA predicts $30 billion budget boost
10:30pm, Dec 12, 2019 Updated: 12:13am, Dec 13
Government urged to lift spending as CBA predicts $30 billion budget boost
The government surplus is tipped to be stronger than forecast. Photo: Getty
Euan Black Deputy Editor
Shadow Treasurer Jim Chalmers has denounced the government's refusal to increase public spending as economic "incompetence", after new research forecast a small windfall in public revenue.
Commonwealth Bank chief economist Michael Blythe said in a client note that strong jobs growth, increased average taxes, and higher iron ore prices could boost the government's budget surplus by $30 billion over the next four years.
Mr Blythe said this meant the government could spend more on the economy without sacrificing its "much-vaunted budget surplus".
And Dr Chalmers presented a similar argument, telling The New Daily the "Liberals' incompetence" had "delivered nothing but weaker economic and wages growth, sky-rocketing costs of living, and record high household and government debt".
"The Morrison government has ignored repeated calls for responsible, proportionate and measured stimulus to support the economy from the Reserve Bank, the business community, economists, experts and Labor," he said.
"The Liberals could pick up and run with any or all of these suggestions from Labor: Review and responsibly increase Newstart, bring forward infrastructure spending, bring forward an incentive for business to invest, bring forward stage two of the tax cuts, come up with a real wages policy, and settle an energy policy after 16 failed attempts."
Mr Blythe's forecast, which predicts this year's budget surplus will be $10 billion more than originally forecast, comes before Treasury's Mid Year & Fiscal Outlook (MYEFO) review on Monday.
Asked if the government would announce more spending, Treasurer Josh Frydenberg told The New Daily the economy remained "remarkably resilient in the face of significant global and domestic economic headwinds, such as the devastating drought and bushfires".
Analysts expect him to set aside more money for drought relief and aged care.
But Mr Blythe said the government could afford to do more.
"Capacity constraints (labour, materials) mean that the ability to further ramp up big projects is limited. But there is a significant backlog of smaller local government infrastructure assets in need of repair or expansion," Mr Blythe said.
"The Australian Local Government Association estimates of infrastructure asset requirements shows $30 billion are in poor condition and another $24 billion need upgrading to meet safety, compliance, social, environmental targets.
"Many of these assets are in regional areas. And these areas would clearly benefit from such spending."
Centre of Future Work director Dr Jim Stanford said Mr Blythe's budget forecasts were plausible.
But he told The New Daily an improved government budget didn't mean much to the average Australian, as incomes were barely rising.
And a complete lack of "trickle-down effect" means higher commodity prices will similarly have little effect on people's day-to-day lives.
"Just because the government's surplus becomes a little bit bigger hardly means that Australians are doing anything better," he said.
For Australians to see any benefit from higher commodity prices, the government would need to pump the extra money back into the economy, Dr Stanford said.
Otherwise corporate profits will rise but wages will remain flat.
"We're tiptoeing along the edge of recession, and the government has been absolutely inactive in addressing that threat," he said.
"The government has to spend [the extra revenue], not have more tax cuts. And that means infrastructure big and small, but it also means hiring in public services and public administration.
"And it also means higher wage gains, starting with public servants.
"Those would all be infinitely more effective than another tax cut."
Dr Stanford is far from the only voice calling for more government spending.
Reserve Bank governor Philip Lowe has repeatedly called on the government to spend more on infrastructure.
And economists have urged government to support household consumption by lifting the Newstart allowance, fixing potholes, building more social housing, and hiring unemployed Australians to clean up the environment.
The consensus opinion, though, is that the Coalition will keep the public purse firmly shut.
ABS figures showed economic growth slowing to 0.4 per cent over the September quarter.
Independent economist Stephen Koukoulas said the government was putting politics ahead of policy.
The economy needed more stimulus, he said.
But the Coalition wouldn't increase spending, as delivering a surplus was such a crucial part of the Coalition's electoral success.
"I think they're willing to accept a slightly weaker economy, because I think they think … saying 'we delivered a surplus' will get them more votes than saying 'we kickstarted the economy and unemployment is back down to 4.75 per cent'," Mr Koukoulas told The New Daily.
"The bottom line is that the economy is really weak – 1.7 per cent GDP is pretty ordinary. And even if it picks up to 2 per cent or 2.25 per cent next year, it's still weak – and one of the things that can improve that is a bit of a fiscal policy stimulus."
In the eyes of Deloitte Access Economics partner Chris Richardson, though, the "underlying question is not can, or should, we do more stimulus? It's what are the costs and benefits around it?"
If greater spending today stops Australia from falling into a recession some time over the next five years, then people will look back on it as a prudent investment, he said.
But if government spends more now, and the country falls into a recession down the track, then Mr Richardson said we would regret it, because we would have less firepower to fix the economy.
"There is no right answer to this one," Mr Richardson told The New Daily.
"We're guessing about the future, and that's always fraught."
Keep up with the latest news in superannuation
One-third of big companies pay no tax, ATO data reveals


text:
Minicab Cockfosters En4 To Bakers Hotel Sw1
Transfer Cockfosters En4 To Bakers Hotel Sw1
We provide minicabs and taxis transfers to and from Cockfosters En4 to Bakers Hotel Sw1 with up to £10.00 discount only at TransferDepot.co.uk. Our vehicles are clean and comfortable, fully licensed and insured vehicles with professional and helpful drivers.
Offer Ends
30th of November 2017
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May 5, 2017 On this channel you can get eduion and knowledge for general issues and topics.
Jan 24, 2016 Nontraditional manufacturing processes All Process in Detail.
This book presents the basics of non traditional machining processes in a descriptive fashion. The book is organized into five sections. The first section introduces the different types of energy sources necessary for each of the processes. A brief description of the physical parameters of the process, the capabilities of these.


Home / News & Rumors / New 'Terminator' Movie Release Date Revealed!
New 'Terminator' Movie Release Date Revealed!
Looks like summer 2019 will be a rather busy one.
The new "Terminator" movie, or as we should all start calling it – the REAL Terminator 3 – is shaping up pretty nicely.
All the right and needed elements are falling into place. With director Tim Miller (Deadpool) being onboard and with the franchise's veterans Arnold Schwarzenegger and Linda Hamilton coming back to reprise their respective roles, this upcoming installment indeed looks promising.
Now, Paramount and producer James Cameron have even set a date for their next return to the Terminator universe – July 26th, 2019.
Cameron will try to resuscitate the Terminator with him and Miller handling the story they came up with and handed over to David Goyer and Josh Friedman to turn into a script.
The aim is to kick off a new trilogy.
And although all the juicy details are still being kept under wraps, Cameron did say his idea is to somehow erase all the installments that happened after the original two movies from the timeline.
Cameron and Miller are currently scouting for a young female lead to further freshen up the blood of the franchise.


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Frozen II, The Sámi Culture and Scandinavian Myths
Northuldra and the Sámi
I just saw Frozen II (literally an hour ago) and I had to write about the connections to the Sámi culture and Finnish, Norwegian and Swedish myths and folklore.
Let´s start with the Sámi culture (also known as Sami, Sapmi and Saami. As a Finnish speaker I´d refer a Sámi person as "saamelainen" or "saami" and the language as "saame") I have written a lot about Sami mythology here in myblog. I have Sámi ancestry from the Lapland of Finland and Sweden.
The Sámi´s are native people of Scandinavia. There are about 20 000 people in this world who speak Sámi languages. These days you can find Sámi´s all over the world (and people with Sámi ancestry) but in general most Sámi´s live in the Lapland of Sweden, Norway, Finland and Kuola Peninsula in Russia. This is why, for example in Finland, Lapland is sometimes called as "Saamenmaa" the land of the Sámi. Sámi´s were nomads and reindeer herders and still today many Sámi´s are reindeer herders. Already in the first Frozen there was Sami influences, because Kristoff´s character was inspired by Saami culture. Kristoff´s outfit is similar to traditional Sami outfits. Different Sámi tribes and regions have their own outfits and designs. The pointy shoes and outfits made of reindeer skin are common (sorry Sven).
 There are several Sámi tribes and Sámi languages. Most common Sámi language is northern Sámi, which is sort of universal Sámi language that Sámi´s who speak different Sámi languages use to communicate with each others.
A joik or yoik also named luohti, vuolle, vuelie, or juoiggus in the Sámi languages, is a traditional form of song in Sámi music performed by the Sámi people. Joiks do not have any words. They are pure sound that captivate emotion. There are different types of joiks. Joiks for love, friendship, family, reindeer's, winter, northern lights..you name it. I was impressed how many new joiks there was in Frozen II and I loved the sound of the shaman drums.
In Frozen II we meet the Northuldra tribe and they are based on Sámi people. One of the Northuldra´s mentions that they worship the sun. Sámi´s followed a nature based belief system and since in Lapland winters are dark and long they did worship the sun as the giver of all life.
You´ll be sad and disappointed to know how much discrimination there is towards the Sámi culture in Finland. There has been some progress recently, especially what it comes to cultural appropriation being questioned. I was sitting on the movie theater and some teen age girls were making fun about Northuldra´s/Sámi´s worshiping the sun since they are from Lapland...
This is the Sámi flag. It has a sun in the middle. Sometimes I am genuinely worried about the lack of education of our own history in this country (several Finno-ugric tribes shared a similar belief system). Sun is also often portrayed in the center of Sámi shaman drums.
In autumn 2019 Walt Disney Studios made a historical agreement with the Sámi population of Norway, Finland and Sweden so that the Sámi culture in the film was portrayed with respect and they had Sámi experts with the developing the story and the characters. Frozen II is also translated into Northern Sámi (Jikŋon II).
Ahto-Hallan, In depths
The way Ahto-Hallan was described in Frozen it actually reminded me of Finnish and Sámi myths about the land of the dead. I don´t know if that was the intention of the film makers but hear me out;
Ahto-Hallan is in far north, a place where the spirits live, home of magic and that is where Elsa finds the spirits of the people who lived before her.
Somehow this connection makes Frozen feel much darker
Ahto/Ahti is the name of the sea god/spirit of the sea and god of the depths in Finnish mythology (Ahtola is the place where all the merfolk lives). Ahto-halla is Finnish. It refers to "ahtojää" packed ice. Halla is also Finnish, it means frost/frozen.
In Finnish mythology there is a place called Pohjola (combined from the words pohjoinen- north and pohja- bottom). Pohjola is the underworld, place where the spirits of the dead live. Pohjola was located in far north in the land of eternal winter. In this old world view, the world was made of three layers. Upper layer (ylinen) was the place where the highest spirits resided, the middle world was the world of the animals and humans, underworld the bottom, was the land of the dead. These worlds were not really seen so much as physical places but different layers of human conscience.
Sámi myths have lots of elements from Scandinavian and Finnish mythology and vice versa. In some Sámi myths, the land of the dead is called as "Rotaimo" and it can be found from the bottom of a bottomless lake. In Lapland there are lots of lakes that are very deep and have fake bottoms (goes back to Ahto being the spirit of depths).
In Frozen II Elsa tames a beautiful water horse called The Nokk. The water horse is a common character in Scandinavian folklore equivalent to Scottish Kelpie. In Swedish folklore it is known as bäckahäst/näcken and in Norway as nøkken.
In the folklore the water horse was usually a large, white and a beautiful horse. It would walk in the shore and lure people to climb on it´s back and then it would drown them. It was possible to tame the majestic horse with tricks but I guess Elsa and the Nokk also have a natural connection since they both have ice magic.
btw this is epic af
Which brings us to the Finnish water horse myth. What it comes to Finnish mythology there is one horse above all others and he is Iku-Tihku. How would I explain his name, Iku comes from the word ikuinen meaning eternal and tihku means dripping water.
A freaking eternal ice horse that drips water! I rest my case!
Here is the story of Iku-Tihku. Iku-Tihku was made inside a mountain by trolls. He was made of fire and ice and he was the first horse ever created. Because he was partly made of ice he could not visit the human world during the summer and the warm months because he would melt. He could however, visit the human world during the winter time and because Iku was partly made of ice, he had the ability to travel between the human world and Pohjola, the north/the underworld and deliver messages from humans to the spirit world.
Not too different to the way Nokk takes Elsa to Ahto-hallan.
I am starting to see why so many non-Finnish speakers consider Finnish language as some sort form of elvish.
Trolls saw that Iku-Tihku was a mighty creature so they used him as a model to create the first horses, but they were not made from ice and fire but from iron, and they could travel between all the worlds and seasons.
Trolls are not very common in Finnish folkore but you can find LOT´S of trolls from Swedish, Norse and Sámi myths. They often live in mountains and are connected to stones and minerals and they are more than often giants.
Here are some sleeping stone giants from Frozen II
Here is a picture from my family´s summer cabin from northern Finland. Do you see what I see?
Mother of Elsa and Anna is Iduna and in Frozen II we find out that she was a northuldra. In Norse mythology Iduna is name of the goddess of health and rejuvenation. Her symbol is the apple and she is connected to autumn season (have you seen the color palette in Frozen II?). I have heard quite a few Americans complaining that Iduna doesn´t look native. (I must say I have hard time understanding the obsession some Americans have with race).
What does a native look like?
I think the most straight forward explanation is the fact that when the first Frozen movie was made, makers were not planning to do a sequel and didn´t though of Iduna´s backstory then.
But even if they did, despite of the fact that Scandinavian countries and Sámi´s have a sad and violent history, there has been many mixed marriages between Sámi´s Finns/Swedes/and Norwegians and you can come across all kinds of looking Sámi´s. There is variety in hair color, skin color and eye color. The the way people look can also vary in different areas. Lapland is a wide place, my friends. Our genetic make up is always a mixture.
Last but not least THE SEITA.
Seita´s are stone formations and ancient worshiping places. The Sámi´s went to the seita to leave gifts for the gods, make requests and meditate. Stone formations are common all over the world (Stone Henge probably being the most well-known one).
Why stones?
They are ancient, and the higher they are, the closer they are to the sky and the spirits.
'Northern Lights' Canvas Print by Niina Niskanen
Magical and mysterious northern lights. Being born in northern Finland northern lights always have a special place in my heart. / Based on my original painting. / © Niina Niskanen * Millions of unique designs by independent artists. Find your thing.
Frozen, Movie Review
Frozen is Disney animated film released in 2013. It is Disney animated classic number 53.
I bet everyone is familiar with the plot. In the Kingdom of Arendelle princess Elsa has magical gift to create snow and ice. One day she is playing with her little sister Anna and Anna gets into an accident. Elsa gets scared of her powers that caused this. Parents take them to see the troll shaman, who tells Elsa to be careful with her gift. He erases Anna's memory so that she wont remember her sister having powers.
In the next chapter parents drown at sea and Elsa is going to become new queen of Arendelle. Sisters haven't been in close terms since childhood. Anna still misses her sister.
During the coronation Anna meets Hans prince of the Southern Islands and develops a crush on him. After few songs couple is planning to get married. Of course Elsa doesn't wish her sister to marry a man she has only known for few hours. Sisters are having an argument and Elsa's powers are revealed. This is specially noticed by duke of Weselton who already has his mind on overtaking Arendelle. Elsa runs away to the mountains and leaves her sister and people of Arendelle to everlasting winter.
Anna wont give up. She leaves prince Hans in charge and goes after her sister. He meets Kristoff Ice deliverer. With his reindeer Sven he decides to help Anna with her quest of find Elsa. They reach Elsa's ice palace where they meet Snowman Olaf who Elsa created as a child. Olaf joins the group. Anna meets Elsa in the palace. Sister seems liberated but she does not wish to return to Arendelle. Kristoff takes Anna to meet the troll Shaman. Maybe he could help them to get Elsa back. Only goal for trolls seems to fix Anna to marry Kristoff. Suddenly Anna's faints. Fights with her sister are finally turning her heart to cold.
Kristoff, Olaf and Sven take Anna back to the palace to prince Hans. Hans turns out to be the bad guy and tells Anna that only reason he wanted to marry her is that in his home country he doesn't have any chances for the throne. Anna becomes very upset. Olaf helps her to understand that is really Kristoff who truly loves her. When Anna hears that Hans is planning to kill Elsa she decides to stop him.
In the last battle Hans makes Elsa to believe that Anna is dead. In the snowstorm Hans tries to kill Elsa when Anna runs between them and turns into ice. Elsa cries and hugs her sister and Anna melts back to human. Elsa finally understands that she can be all queen, sister and use her powers freely. She turns summer back to Arendelle and creates little snow cloud for Olaf. Duke of Weselton and prince Hans are both sent back to their home lands. Kristoff becomes official ice deliverer and his relationship with Anna also becomes official. Movie ends to a skating scene where characters enjoy each others company.
Kristoff, Olaf and Sven
I have always liked the character of Kristoff. I think I read from Disney Wiki that Kristoff is Norwegian-Sami. What it comes to his reindeer-leather/fur clothes this makes sense. Those of you who don't know the Sami people are native people of Lapland. One thing that puzzles me is that Kristoff is a blonde and usually Sami people have quite dark hair but then again I'm a Finn with Sami ancestry and I have blonde hair so of course it's possible. Kristoff is probably Norwegian Sami orphan since he was raised by trolls.
Sven however is a character who I have mixed up feelings. I've been recently doing lots of research on Sami people, culture and reindeer herding (because I'm cool that way).
Before Sami lifestyle became more intertwined with reindeer meat industry Sami people kept wild reindeers as their pets. However in 19th century Norway Sami lifestyle was more around reindeer meat industry.
Kristoff however is not reindeer herder but an ice deliverer so he can have a reindeer sidekick.
My problem with Sven is that there is more doggy features than reindeer features. In away character is a copy of Maximus from Tangled where horse was more a sniffer dog than a cavalry horse. I think more reindeerish Sven would have been more authentic and I must add one can not really ride with reindeer's. I'm from northern Finland and always enjoy seeing reindeer's.
In the beginning I was quite annoyed by the character of Olaf. I believe he was added to the film for the child viewers (and of course kids are the primal audience for Disney films). For me Olaf felt bit too childish (I'm Olaf I love warm hugs!) so my inner cynic was against. Now I'm bit more softer and believe that film needs Olaf to balance Elsa's inner struggles and Anna's dreamy personality.
Arendelle
Frozen takes place in Arendelle, country that was loosely inspired by Norway and Norwegian culture. Film settings and clothes were also inspired by Norway in the beginning of 19th century. I read from Disney Wiki that Anna's and Elsa's parents are called King Agnarr and Queen Iduna. Frozen takes place in July 1839. Arendelle's symbol is the Crocus flower and colors are green and purple. You can see the color scheme in Anna's outfits also in Elsa's outfits in the coronation. Otherwise Elsa's outfits portray her belonging to the world of winter and snow.
Norway is a country with long troll-tradition and I think it's just awesome that there are trolls in Frozen. Only thing that I didn't enjoy that much was the song of the trolls (Fixer Upper) that was more a broadway musical song and not that close to music that in Norway has been more connected to trolls like drums and folk instruments.
Songs and voice overs
When I first moved to Wales and went to Tesco to buy Christmas gifts there was Frozen songs playing non-stop. I wish they would play non-stop in Finnish shopping centers as well! haha! There is bloody many songs in Frozen, even for a Disney musical there's so many songs.
My personal favorites are "Frozen heart" and "Let it go". Last time while travelling in way north Finland and I saw reindeer's I had to sing "Reindeer's are better than people" lol
Since I'm Finnish I usually prefer the Finnish voice overs and usually voice overs are done with great care for animations in Finland. Unfortunately at least what it comes to recent Finnish voice overs from the past 10 years they've gone really bad. That is why I prefer to watch Frozen in English than Finnish. I've only watched the Finnish version once and after that sticked with the English version. Saara Aalto did the Finnish voice of Anna but her voice is just too high pitch to my ear so I prefer Kristen Bell. I'm quite careful with voices since I'm highly sensitive and find too high noises very distressing. But Finnish voice of Kristoff was even worse. Axl Smith who is Finnish media persona did voice of Kristoff and he spoke with very heavy Helsinki-accent. I personally speak with heavy Oulu accent but to be fairy when it is an animation I wish that characters would speak in common language and with accent as long as it fits for the character. Especially according to Disney Kristoff is northern Sami it would have been cool if in Finnish version his voice would have been someone who speaks with northern Finnsih/ Lapland accent.
Unfortunately in Finland there has been this very unfortunate trend within past years to hire the most biggest celebrities/famous people of that moment to do voice overs to animations. When there's great amount wonderful trained voice actors. I don't really get it..
I do like Katja Sirkiä who is the Finnish voice of Elsa. She is trained voice actress and does fabulous job. I do like listen "Taakse jää" (Let it go in Finnish) in Finnish. Otherwise I think English voice over is way better on Frozen than Finnish. That's my personal preference.
Snowqueen
I like to research stories which animations are based. Last year I took part on online course about Hans Christian Andersen that was organized by the university of Odense.
We also went through Andersen's other famous fairy tale "the Snow Queen". Frozen is loosely based on the Snow Queen. Walt Disney himself was planning to make an animation from this famous fairy tale but other projects kept him occupied. In it's early design process Frozen was much more closer to Andersen's fairy tale.
For those of you who haven't read Andersen's story. It is very episodic and tells about two children Gerda and Kay. As I recall story doesn't mention where they live. I assume that in a city in Norway or in Denmark. Gerda and Kay weren't sister and brother but loved each others like sister and brother. Like many Andersen's fairy tale Snow Queen has Christian elements. Fairy tale begins when a mirror made by the devil gets broken. Piece of the shattered glass gets inside Kay's eye. This is noticed by the wicked Snow Queen and she kidnaps Kay to herself.
Gerda travels to Lapland to Snow Queen's kingdom to find Kay. Little thief girl (perhaps she is a Sami) is helping her with her reindeer and two crows. One of the shattered glass pieces reaches Kay's heart and makes him "Frozen". Gerda still manages to save Kay before it's too late and destroys the evil Snow Queen.
In the end the plot for Frozen was completely re-written, maybe that is better because original story is quite complex and episodic. Gerda and Kay were turned into two sisters. Anna's relentless nature reminds Gerda's persistence to save Kay. In away Anna reminds Kay when her heart get's cold after fighting with Elsa. No way Elsa is evil Snow Queen, even though according to the duke of Weselton and inhabitants of Arendelle that is exactly what she is. This is a great reference to the past of human mind and how easy it was to label someone as a witch. Just the fact that Elsa chooses to live alone in a far away cold palace isolated from the rest of the world feeds this idealism where powerful woman who chooses to live alone is dangerous.
The way Snow Queen wants to adopt little boy to herself has little bit resemblance to Elsa's grief and sadness for that she feels need to isolate herself from her family and the rest of the world. I believe one major reason for Frozen's insane popularity is the sibling relationship. This is also one of the reasons that made Andersen's fairy tale very popular. There isn't romance in Snow Queen. There is romance of Anna and Kristoff in Frozen. Still main focus in Frozen is the relationship of the two sisters. Disney has several films about sibling relationships like "My brother bear" and my personal favorite "Lilo and Stitch". Also in Frozen both of the main characters are very multidimensional.
Overall the world of Frozen portraits mindset of 2013 more than beginning of the 19th century. I give solid three and half stars to Frozen. Some trivia to the end. In 2014 Frozen won an oscar for the best animated feature and Let it Go was the best song. Frozen sequel is currently in the making before that we can all sing "Let it go! Let it go! I can't hold it back anymore!