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Maude Audet: Writing in Balance
Story by Élise Jetté | October 24, 2017
Last year, she re-visited Nirvana's "Smells Like Teen Spirit" in a Francophone adaptation that transported us to the edge of this scent of decline, that feeling of withering away a little more every day. This fall, without the song even appearing on her third album, Maude Audet's reprise sits at the epicentre of her entire oeuvre like a pillar. Comme une odeur de déclin, which was released on Sept. 29, 2017, is slowly seeping into the zeitgeist. "It's about the decline of life, which remains a fact we all have to contend with on a daily basis," says Audet. "We're all going in that same direction," says the Groose Boîte label's new protégé, absolutely un-pessimistically.
A seasoned sailor of the many intimate musical seas, what sets Audet apart from the rest is that her melancholy writing imbued with a raw strength. Whereas some calculate every last detail, she feels more instinctive. "I forget to plan ahead, but on this project, I felt I needed to re-invent myself," she says. "I could've done hip-hop. I love hip-hop, but I wanted to retain my essence," she says laughing.
Contrary to 2015's Nous sommes le feu (We Are the Fire), this new offering manages to create strong links to its themes because most of the songs are presented in the second-person singular. "They're conversations, whether it's with a friend, a lover, or even a stranger," says Audet." Each song is a dialogue." Musically, we find ourselves navigating the calm waters of folk, yet with several additional musical layers added to her silky-smooth sound. "I wanted this to come across as vintage folk-rock, generally," she says. "But I need my distorted electric-guitar songs, just as I need my guitar-voice-and-cello songs."
The lyrics and mood of Comme une odeur de déclin might inspire concern for Audet. It certainly did so for writer Erika Soucy, who helped with the lyrics after being seized by Audet's artistic outlook, very similar to her own. "We know each other well, but on a professional basis," says Audet. "She has a very raw and sensitive kind of writing. It's feminine and strong." Audet wasn't looking for complements, or add-ons, she was looking for validation, and a catalyst for good ideas.
"Just as with Ariane Moffatt's production, I let people's suggestions run free," says Audet. "You can't collaborate with someone and put road-blocks on their path at the same time. It's like painting an artwork with four hands. You need to accept that the other person will paint their part," she says, adding that through it all, she managed to remain true to her core. "It's funny, because when I told people I was going to work with Ariane, everybody thought I was going to do an electro album," she says. Instead, producer managed to rein it in without stripping it of its essence.
Moffatt was a natural choice for Audet's when she decided she was going to work with a woman on this album. "The choice is indeed rooted in solidarity and awareness," says Audet. "When I was thinking about a producer, only guys came to mind. And then I thought, wait, why not a woman? I'm always acting instinctively and, yes, at some point, there are some wake-up calls that need to happen."
The critical acclaim is almost unanimous, and Audet isn't worried about the absence of commercial radio support. "I do what I please, and commercial radio is very narrow," she says. "I'll never conform to that mould, and even if I wanted to, I just don't get what the formula is," she says with a laugh.
Audet's art resides in keeping a balance – between musical genres, with other people, in her own life. "I have a family, so my life is not about writing songs until three in the morning on weeknights," she says. "It mostly happens during the day, when I'm alone at home. I'm guided by concerns, troubles, hopes or sadness."
Still, sometimes, inspiration strikes like lightning: "Léo is for Leonard Cohen," she says. "I wrote it the day after he passed. Trump had just been elected, I was at home, and I didn't know what to do. That song came out on its own. It allowed me to take a pause."
Collaboration Folk Quebec Short Artist Profiles Singer-Songwriter Songwriting/Composing
#ComposersWhoScore: Viviane Audet's Cinematic Vocation
It's a passion that impacts her multi-disciplinary career
Linda McRae: Inspired by Leading Prison Writing Workshops
Will be inducted into B.C. Entertainment Hall of Fame this year
Lifting the veil
Photo by Paul Laramée
Ryan Kennedy Finds Inner Peace
Story by Claude Côté | November 1, 2017
People who didn't watch the talent contest La Voix [the Québec-base franchise of U.S. nationally televised singing contest The Voice] in 2016 have probably never heard of Ryan Kennedy. They haven't heard his stripped-down versions of Bruce Springsteen's I'm on Fire, Tracy Chapman's "Fast Cars" or Bob Dylan's "Like A Rolling Stone." But most of all, what they haven't heard is his soft, reassuring voice, one that weaves its way down to the bottom of our hearts.
"I learned to sing louder than the crowd in bars so that they would hear me, it's part of my journey", says Kennedy. At 30, he's just launched his second album, Love is Gold. His first album, the Neil Young-esque Home Fires was released in 2015. Both were self-produced.
Love is Gold was recorded by guitarist Dimitri Lebel-Alexandre with invaluable help from keyboard wizard François Lafontaine (Karkwa, Galaxie, Marie-Pierre Arthur, etc.), who handled arrangements and orchestrations. "I was very fortunate to work with him, he definitely left his mark on the album," says Kennedy. Marc Hébert, Patrice Michaud's bass player, also collaborated on the album.
"I played Father John Misty, The Nationals, Bon Iver and Beck to Dimitri so he'd get an idea of where I wanted to go," says Kennedy. "And the record reflects that; guitars are neglected a little for the benefit of atmosphere, and keyboards that we can hear better. The overall musical colour that was our guiding light, our inspiration."
When one Googles Ryan Kennedy, another one comes up first – a Christian rock artist. Ironically, religion has also played a major role in this Ryan Kennedy's life, having been a member of the Jehovah's Witnesses until he was 21, when he left the group. "They're a sect that made me live full speed ahead, but I left and I can now enjoy life much, much more," he says. "I want to turn the negativity into positivity. I don't like to talk about it, but let's just say there was only one line of conduct. When I decided to go into music, I was told I couldn't, so I left. And when you leave, you lose your family and your friends."
"I'm one of those artists who write songs in parallel to therapy; my songs are entirely autobiographical."
He no longer had any contact with his loved ones; that was the price he had to pay for a better life in pursuit of his dreams and aspirations. Music was his redemption. One almost hears the REM song "Losing My Religion." "I'm one of those artists who write songs in parallel to therapy," says Kennedy. "My songs are entirely autobiographical.
"When I was writing the song 'Sanctuary,' I was thinking of my little corner of the world, the place I can go, in the mountains, and be at peace with my past, to avoid allowing all that to re-surface," he says. "Morin-Heights," adapted in French by Benoit Pinette, aka Tire le Coyote, is one of the two Francophone songs on Love is Gold, alongside "Je cours toujours." ("I'm Always Running")
L'histoire se termine là où elle commence
Dans les cendres blanches du silence
Et les plus beaux lendemains
N'y changeront rien
[The story ends where it began
In the white ashes of silence
And brighter tomorrows
Will change nothing]
Just as on "Whiskey Bar," – a song about alcohol, and learning to cope with vice – "Love is Gold" is about being away on a never-ending tour, and the joy of coming home. "That's pretty much my inspiration," says Kennedy. "Ultimately, love is the theme that recurs the most, even when it has a bitter taste, like on 'When You're Sleeping.' When a relationship ends, there's always some apprehension that the other person will meet someone else and re-build their lives. That's basically what I'm saying: I don't care to know where you're sleeping." That's a reference to his first wife, Tracy.
"'Borderline' says a lot about my condition and what goes on in the mind of the people who suffer from that disorder," he says. [Borderline personality disorder, or BPD, is a complex psychiatric disorder with extremely varied symptoms.] "I am indeed very intense. The goal is to find a balance. On this record, I really laid my soul bare. It did me good."
Collaboration Pop Quebec Rock Roots Short Artist Profiles Singer-Songwriter Songwriting/Composing
"How I did it": Rachael Kennedy
Developing skills, collaborating, networking, making the leap
Avec pas d'casque : Seeking Peace
Effets spéciaux is not a flashy album
IN THE SPOTLIGHT: RYAN Playground
Electro rhythms and finely-crafted atmospheres
Photo by Sarah Marcotte-Boislard
Dany Placard renovates his facade
Story by Philippe Renaud | October 20, 2017
"After each show, there'd be this guy who'd come to me and say, 'You made me cry with that song for your son.' I don't want that anymore," says Dany Placard matter-of-factly. Spring has not sprung, but for Placard it's time for a spring cleaning, and that starts with the songs that make up the singer-songwriter's repertoire. "A lot of them I got rid of," he goes on, as if to underline the musical and lyrical departure of his splendid and surprising sixth solo album, Full Face.
We reach him in Paris, where he's touring as the bassist for Laura Sauvage during her European stint. He undertook his spring cleaning before getting on the plane… He bought all of his albums on iTunes "because the actual CDs were stored in [his managment team] Costume Records' offices." Out of his entire repertoire, he picked 25 songs, many of which he'd never played live, and some even dating back to his first solo album, 2006's Au rang de l'église.
"I listened to everything. So, see, songs like 'Santa Maria' [2014], or 'Au pays des vieux chars,' my 'country-er' songs, if you will, they just don't fit in my universe right now," he says. "Same for the more personal songs I'd written on Démon vert [2012], the songs for my kids… I don't feel like making people cry anymore. I want to take them with me on a journey. I want to move them, but in a different way. I want to make them think. About the lyrics. All that has a lot to do with depression."
"That" refers to Full Face, a recording that was necessary to Placard's mental health. A record that's a reaction to his previous records, and to an entire year spent in the studio working on other people's music. "I did eight productions and lost myself in the process," he explains. "When you produce, all you do is listen to other people talk. Then, you put your ideas on the table, but in a messy way, trying all kinds of stuff. It's draining."
To shake off his studio funk, he needed to get back to writing. That finished him. "I said to myself at some point: You need to start writing. And that's how I ended up not wanting to go out anymore: no happy hours, or record launches, or anything else," says Placard. "I spent a good three months at home with just my family. They're the ones who helped me, who made me want to smile again." From this professional and creative exhaustion came a record "that I'm proud of, now", says Placard, assuring us that he's now doing well.
The songs on Full Face are like nothing we've ever heard before from Placard. Yesteryear's folk-rock and country have disappeared. "I've been wanting to do something more 'out there,' more grandiose," he says. "I wanted strings and keyboards, I waited to used keys, because they're back in fashion now."
But above all else, he forced himself to write differently. "As soon as it started leaning towards folk, I left the song behind," says Placard. "I tried composing with guitars I didn't use for that activity before. I bought new ones, I tuned them differently. As soon as I hit a familiar writing pattern, I moved away from it immediately."
The same was true for guitarist and co-composer Guillaume Bourque, the only member left from his old band. "He bought a four-string, baritone guitar, just to see if he could write differently, to break his old habits," says Placard. "I would come up with a basic idea, a musical theme I'd come up with on the guitar, and he would try to come up with a different one on top of it. He would say, 'Let's try and add a chord or two in there, just to break the mould, so it sounds less square.'"
Guitars are one of the key elements on this gem of an album, one that's surprisingly groove-oriented, and miles away from Placard's usual raw folk sound. Two-thirds of the album tackles, head-on, the depressed state he was in for a few months. Despite that, he insisted on creating an album with luminous music, despite the dark lyrics.
"I said to the boys, look, we all know how I'm doing," says Placard. "You've read the lyrics and heard how I sing them, but I don't want us to go there musically. I don't want a musically 'deep' album. I want something dynamic, rhythmic – there are even some world-music rhythms on there."
The spring cleaning isn't over yet, says the singer-songwriter who believes that Full Face – and his burnout – is the beginning of a new creative cycle.
"I already have a new band project I've started with some friends," he says. "I started writing new songs right away, because I don't want to wait another three years before I release a new album. I think it's going to move further away from folk, without becoming full-on rock. I'm 41, you know, I no longer have anything to lose. I prefer trying stuff rather than boxing myself into a crowd-pleasing format. That being said, I don't think I've disappointed my audience, because I know they're loyal."
Collaboration Country Folk Quebec Rock Short Artist Profiles Singer-Songwriter Songwriting/Composing
Lisa Leblanc: Queen on the Move
Maritime girl back where we don't expect her
Better Together: Saratoga
Chantal Archambault & Michel-Olivier Gasse
Inside Dany Placard's Bubble
His paramour and their sons are the muses to which we owe this fourth album.


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Asia Walking Among the Giants of Bagan
By	Claire Volkman
Bathed in the glow of the blushing pink and orange tints of an Asian sunset, Bagan looks like a city you'd find in a fairytale—a hodgepodge town speckled with some 2,000 temples, rolling mountains cloaked in a hazy grey hue, and a history that's equal parts fascinating and mystical. However, everything about Bagan is real, down to its lacquerware shops and roadside stupas.
Once the capital of the Kingdom of Pagan, Bagan is now Myanmar's most famous attraction, thanks to its rich cultural heritage, bustling markets, and inherently spiritual ambiance that takes hold of you as soon as you arrive. Although you can certainly discover the city via horse-drawn carriage, coach, or hot-air balloon, the best way to see what makes Bagan so awe-inspiring is by foot. Whether you're with a guide or wandering on your own, don't miss these ancient and enlightening sights.
THARABAR GATE
Many start their tours around Tharabar Gate, the only surviving portion of Bagan's 9th-century city wall. Old stucco still clings to the arched gateway, where two carved nats, or spirits, guard the entrance, which superstitious locals pay offerings to before passing through. Once through, your eyes will be drawn to the larger temples, yet the smaller ones found throughout the picturesque plains are equally beguiling. For the best photos, plan to explore this area around sunset, when the pointed tops of the temples create an enchanting silhouette against the ever-changing sky.
HTILOMINLO PAHTO
Towering 150 feet above Bagan, Htilominlo Pahto stands regally amid dozens of smaller temples, as if they are paying homage to this astounding structure. Vastly more impressive on the outside, the terraced, muted-gold exterior and 140-square-foot base make it an ideal spot for photo-hounds. Easily walkable, the temple touts ancient plaster carvings, sandstone decorations, and incredibly detailed carved doorways that beckon an up-close view. Inside, you'll be humbled in the presence of four large Buddha statues that adorn the upper and lower floors, alongside traces of centuries-old murals.
MOUNT POPA
Not a walk for the faint of heart, a visit to Mount Popa and its infamous gilded monastery takes some serious stamina. Sitting Parthenon-esque atop a massive, shrub-covered outcrop, the views looking at the oddly shaped volcano are just as incredible as the ones you get from the very top. Once you tackle the daunting steps, walk around the monastery to catch the 360-degree views spread out before you. Beyond the gold-plated monastery, the lush forests and parks surrounding the volcano are also worthy of exploration.
TOWN OF NYAUNG U
A little outside of Bagan's main district you'll find the small riverbank town of Nyaung-U. Home to a handful of temples, a vast collection of handicraft stalls, and a lively market, it's a mini-city on its own. Since Bagan lacks the bars and restaurants of other Myanmar cities, you'll find a large influx of backpackers and tourists flocking the streets and stalls here to get their shopping and food fix. After filling up on mohinga noodles and grilled skewers, walk to the nearby Dhammayangyi Temple, the largest in Bagan, built by King Narathu to atone for his sins, which, judging by the temple's size, were numerous.
SHWESANDAW PAGODA
Built in 1057 by King Anawrahta, the Shwesandaw Pagoda is one of the crown jewels of Bagan's impressive collection. The pagoda's bright white exterior isn't the only defining factor of this mystical temple, as the bell-shaped structure boasts five terraces that once bore the faces of terracotta statues. Viewed up close, you'll notice the statues have long been worn down due to weather and earthquakes, yet you can still see glimpses of the detail that made them once so formidable.
Jolin DaPrato France, Italy, UK
Judith Kitzes Australia, South Pacific, Asia
Carolyn Consalvo United States, Caribbean, Canada
Joe Colucci Italy, Central Europe, Spain
Ann Parent Alaska, Canada, United States

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Fox News declared home of "Fake News" in poll touted by Trump as "most accurate"
When voters were asked which cable network traffics in "fake news," the results weren't even close.
Donald Trump ought to be careful what he wishes for. Fox News, too.
This week, while the historically unpopular Republican was boasting he was America's "favorite" president, he urged that there be some sort of national referendum on which news outlet was considered to be the least trustworthy.
The dopey tweet was designed to taunt CNN, which Trump has recently been obsessing over and trying to undermine its credibility.
The attacks have become so foul and dangerous, Trump earned a stern rebuke from Retired U.S. Air Force four-star general Michael Hayden.
"If this is who we are or who we are becoming, I have wasted 40 years of my life," Hayden said. "Until now it was not possible for me to conceive of an American President capable of such an outrageous assault on truth, a free press or the first amendment."
Meanwhile, the polling firm Rasmussen took Trump up on the idea and did a poll about the media. It found that Fox News was the run-away winner of the so-called Fake News Trophy.
Among the more interesting findings was the fact that nearly one-in-four Republican voters picked Fox News to win the Fake News Trophy.
Rasmussen, of course, is a conservative-leaning operation and has a history of polls showing Republicans with stronger support than other pollsters, which makes the recent fake news findings even more embarrassing for Fox News.
The new Rasmussen Poll, one of the most accurate in the 2016 Election, just out with a Trump 50% Approval Rating.That's higher than O's #'s!
Don't wait around for Trump to tout Rasmussen's latest Fox News findings.


Looks like Meek Mill has learnt his lesson. He has removed his Drake diss track 'Wanna Know' from sound-cloud and says he's no longer entertaining beef from Drake or anyone else. He poured out his heart in a comment on Instagram that he later deleted.


Learn seven things that will make a big difference in the appearance of your sweaters. The smallest details can have a huge impact: increasing in ribbing, bumpy or smooth cast on edge, slanting decreases, invisible increases, perfect buttonholes, flat edgings, and blocking. In this class, you will learn about all of these things while you practice and receive lots of tips and hints. Since you are going to spend hours making a garment, you'll want to use these techniques to make even the simplest sweater look marvelous.
Note: This is an advanced beginner level class.
Homework swatches, needles and yarn used to make swatches.
Swatch 1: Cast on 18 sts. Work in k1, p1 rib for 2". Place stitches on a holder, leaving several yards of yarn attached.
Swatch 2: Cast on 23 sts. Work in stockinette stitch for 2". Place stitches on a holder, leaving several yards of yarn attached.
Swatch 3: Cast on 10 sts. Work in k1, p1 rib for 2". Place stitches on a holder. Leave yarn attached.


text:
Бырложница () — село в Болгарии. Находится в Софийской области, входит в общину Сливница. Население составляет 88 человек.

Политическая ситуация
Бырложница подчиняется непосредственно общине и не имеет своего кмета.

Кмет (мэр) общины Сливница — Георги Сеферинов Георгиев (инициативный комитет  - Георги Сеферинов Георгиев) по результатам выборов.

Ссылки
 Статистика населения

Сёла Софийской области

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Is australia real? the country?
in army class las week we got told about some country called australia, Pt J Frank said it was a country down south were everyone wore hats n caled there barbeqes barbys, the rest of the class laughd but the only country down south i know is south carolina, i felt bad that i dint get the joke - is australia a real... show more in army class las week we got told about some country called australia, Pt J Frank said it was a country down south were everyone wore hats n caled there barbeqes barbys, the rest of the class laughd but the only country down south i know is south carolina, i felt bad that i dint get the joke - is australia a real coutnry or was my Private just lying and it was maybe Austria that country in europe?
Best Answer: "Oi Mate!" I live in AUSTRALIA. ... Australia Definitely IS a Country Way Down South, so far south, that Your Confederate Southern States are all to our NORTH !! .... Australia is an island continent. In area, it can fit the USA into it & also all of Europe can fit into Australia. .... The state I live in is Victoria. It is the smallest of the mainland states. Yet,, Victoria can fit 3 Englands into it! ... The Largest Political Electorate in the World, is in Australia. It is called "Kalgoorlie" & has an area of Over 2.2 Million square kilometers! ... In the Northern Territory, it is true that any farm less than 1,000 square miles is called a "hobby farm". .... An' yeah,, we really do talk as though our mouths are shut, & in a single monotone drawl. Barbecues are Really called "Barby's", & only people who think they are better than everyone else say "bar-b-cue". The wide brimmed hats bit with the corks on them, is all "B/S", & are only made for Tourists to buy & wear! The Wide brimmed hat, is rarely worn in the cities, except by a few people trying to pretend to be "cowboys". ..... Where I live though, on the Gateway to the Outback,, it's so dry & hot & dusty here that a hat is necessary! (unless you like your brains getting sunburnt! ... We measure temperature in Celsius these days. ... In the cities, they think that 30+ C. is hot. Where I live,, we regard it as being "just a warm day" until it hits 40 C. When the temperature gets Over 45 C. Then we start to say that it's a hot day! ... (& it has even got up to or just over 50 C. Way way back!! .............. Farmers down here call the kangaroos, "grass hoppers". (I bet Texas don't get grasshoppers that big.) ........... Look,, If you want to know about Australia,, "Ask an AUSTRALIAN" !
Of course it's a real country what's wrong with you. Have you been loving under a rock.
An "army class" attendee would not say "Semper Fi".
NOOOOOO WAY. I HAVENT HEARD OF THAT.
JUST THE KOALAS AND KANGAROOS ARE REAL.
you should go back to trolling school. this was just weird.
Is Australia a real country?
Is Australia a real country, or are they just pulling our chain?
Can someone tell me is Australia a racist country,real exp please.?
Is Australia real or is it made of plastic ?
What Is the Real National Sport of Australia?
How strict are Thai parents (Thai culture in general) with unmarried 20-30 year old daughters when it comes to boyfriends?


text:
Capture of Roxburgh may refer to:

 Capture of Roxburgh (1314)
 Capture of Roxburgh (1460)


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* Altogether I wrote more than 1,400 posts for G+. Here I list 64.
* For details on my older blog, [https://legacy.earlham.edu/~peters/fos/fosblog.html ''Open Access News''] (2002-2010), see the [[History_of_open_access#Open_Access_News_.282002-2010.29 | section on it]] in the page on my contributions to the [[History of open access | history of open access]].
China is restricting the export of science, July 23, 2018. [https://plus.google.com/+PeterSuber/posts/fCnMr6Bf5uj At G+]. [http://web.archive.org/web/20180801143635/https://plus.google.com/+PeterSuber/posts/fCnMr6Bf5uj At IA].
Darrell Issa as co-winner of this year's ALA James Madison Award, March 11, 2018. [https://plus.google.com/+PeterSuber/posts/4yVb4gACoc8 At G+]. [http://web.archive.org/web/20180312230315/https://plus.google.com/+PeterSuber/posts/4yVb4gACoc8 At IA].
Another side of academic freedom: Freedom from undue corporate influence, February 26, 2018. [https://plus.google.com/+PeterSuber/posts/RAoUyEVmDUh At G+]. [http://web.archive.org/web/20180306220232/https://plus.google.com/+PeterSuber/posts/RAoUyEVmDUh At IA].
Half a dozen reasons why I support the Jussieu Call for Open Science and Bibliodiversity, November 11, 2017. [https://plus.google.com/+PeterSuber/posts/DwXSjcDKGJA At G+]. [http://web.archive.org/web/20181124201555/https://plus.google.com/+PeterSuber/posts/DwXSjcDKGJA At IA.]
Still true: 70% of peer-reviewed OA journals charge no APCs, October 26, 2017. [https://plus.google.com/+PeterSuber/posts/aaAknRyN9cs At G+]. [http://web.archive.org/web/20171026165637/https://plus.google.com/+PeterSuber/posts/aaAknRyN9cs At IA].
Correcting the record on the Harvard OA license, July 27, 2017. [https://plus.google.com/+PeterSuber/posts/ZeHjk1v5vCS At G+]. [http://web.archive.org/web/20170810134543/https://plus.google.com/+PeterSuber/posts/ZeHjk1v5vCS At IA].
Some evidence of the demand for research literature by nonprofessionals, July 19, 2017. [https://plus.google.com/+PeterSuber/posts/Mx3eCDyebjY At G+]. [http://web.archive.org/web/20170810134605/https://plus.google.com/+PeterSuber/posts/Mx3eCDyebjY At IA].
Evaluating an OA journal you haven't heard of, April 27, 2017. [https://plus.google.com/+PeterSuber/posts/3NpMXqo2KiJ At G+]. [http://web.archive.org/web/20181226203005/https://plus.google.com/+PeterSuber/posts/3NpMXqo2KiJ At IA].
Gates Foundation pressuring journals or vice versa? January 13, 2017. [https://plus.google.com/+PeterSuber/posts/dU6tWcorZEV At G+]. [http://web.archive.org/web/20180308171435/https://plus.google.com/+PeterSuber/posts/dU6tWcorZEV At IA].


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You are here: Home / Blog / Wellness exam/new pet visit / 2013 / November
Snake Bite in Horses
November 30, 2013 /in Medicine, News /by trt
From Equine Disease Quarterly, Univ. Of KY.
Snakebite in Horses
With warm weather comes the increased risk of snakebite. The major venomous snakes in the United States are the pit vipers, including rattlesnakes, water moccasins, and copperheads. Pit vipers are named after the heat-detecting holes, or pits, on each side of the head that help the snake locate prey. Pit vipers can be differentiated from other snakes by their triangle-shaped heads, narrowed necks, and tail rattles (rattlesnakes only). Coral snakes, another type of poisonous snake in the U.S., do not pose much risk to horses because of their small mouth size.Venom components vary tremendously by snake species, but most venoms contain substances that cause breakdown of tissues and blood vessels, impair blood clotting, and damage the heart. Venoms from some species of snake also contain neurotoxins. Snakebite severity depends on multiple factors such as snake species, size, recent feeding, and number of bites. Some bites are "dry bites," where little venom is injected. Other bites, such as when a snake is stepped on and releases all of its venom agonally, can be very severe. Victim factors such as horse size, age, disease conditions, medications, and bite location also influence bite severity.Clinical signs of snakebite in horses vary widely but generally include pain and swelling at the bite site, and often sloughing of tissues near the bite. Bite wounds may not be readily apparent. Dry bites with little venom injected or bites from copperhead snakes often cause only mild signs. Bites from dangerous species of snakes and large doses of venom can cause marked pain and swelling, coagulopathy, hemorrhage, cardiac arrhythmias, shock, collapse, and even death. With neurotoxic venoms, paralysis can occur. Horses bitten on the nose can develop nasal swelling and respiratory distress. Signs of envenomation can occur within minutes or be delayed for many hours.The best first aid is to keep the horse calm and arrange for immediate veterinary care. No first-aid treatments performed by owners in the field have proven particularly helpful, and many folk remedies can even be harmful. Suction devices have not been shown to be beneficial in animal models of snakebite.Treatment varies with the severity of the bite, but may include fluids, pain medications, wound care, antibiotics, tetanus prophylaxis, and antivenin. Antivenin can decrease the amount of tissue damage and hasten recovery times, and can be especially helpful in cases of severe envenomation. Antivenin is dosed according to the estimated amount of venom injected, not the patient size, so even one vial of antivenin can have beneficial effects. Cardiac arrhythmias occur in many horses and may require treatment. Horses with severe nasal passage swelling may need treatment to maintain a patent airway; nutritional support may be required if swelling impairs the horse's ability to eat and drink.Even after horses have recovered from the immediate effects of snakebite, subsequent complications such as heart failure or kidney damage are possible. Cardiac failure can occur weeks to months after the bite incident, necessitating continued evaluation and monitoring.A vaccine is now available for use in horses to help prevent complications of snakebite, but efficacy in horses is not yet well documented. Contact your veterinarian for more information about snakebite in your region.
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"Differential Virulence and Pathogenesis of West Nile Viruses."
Pathogenesis of West Nile Viruses.
pubmed: pubmed horse / by Donadieu E, Bahuon C, Lowenski S, Zientara S, Coulpier M, Lecollinet S / 18 hours ago
Viruses. 2013;5(11):2856-2880
Authors: Donadieu E, Bahuon C, Lowenski S, Zientara S, Coulpier M, Lecollinet S
West Nile virus (WNV) is a neurotropic flavivirus that cycles between mosquitoes and birds but that can also infect humans, horses, and other vertebrate animals. In most humans, WNV infection remains subclinical. However, 20%-40% of those infected may develop WNV disease, with symptoms ranging from fever to meningoencephalitis. A large variety of WNV strains have been described worldwide. Based on their genetic differences, they have been classified into eight lineages; the pathogenic strains belong to lineages 1 and 2. Ten years ago, Beasley et al. (2002) found that dramatic differences exist in the virulence and neuroinvasion properties of lineage 1 and lineage 2 WNV strains. Further insights on how WNV interacts with its hosts have recently been gained; the virus acts either at the periphery or on the central nervous system (CNS), and these observed differences could help explain the differential virulence and neurovirulence of WNV strains. This review aims to summarize the current state of knowledge on factors that trigger WNV dissemination and CNS invasion as well as on the inflammatory response and CNS damage induced by WNV. Moreover, we will discuss how WNV strains differentially interact with the innate immune system and CNS cells, thus influencing WNV pathogenesis.
PMID: 24284878 [PubMed – as supplied by publisher]
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Using Cryotherapy to Prevent Colitis-Associated Laminitis
November 30, 2013 /in Laminitis, Medicine, News /by trt
"Using Cryotherapy to Prevent Colitis-Associated Laminitis" http://feedly.com/k/1b9sOI2 medicine
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The Aged Horse: Immune System and Nutrition
November 30, 2013 /in Medicine, News, Nutrition /by trt
From the Equine Disease Quarterly, University of KY
The Importance of Nutrition in Enhancing	Immunity in the Aging Horse
Over the past century, improvements in health care and advancements in biology, chemistry and medicine have extended the average lifespan of humans and companion animals, including horses. However, we are now facing new challenges with the paradox of an older population with increased longevity, while confronted with the potential for many years of poor health. A better understanding of the mechanisms leading to a decline in physiologic function with age would provide new predictive biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets.It has been well-documented that the aged, including horses, have increased susceptibility to and prolonged recovery from infectious diseases, poor responses to vaccination, and increased incidence of various cancers. Furthermore, it is now accepted that chronic inflammation (inflamm-aging) is a major underlying condition of many age-related diseases, such as atherosclerosis, arthritis, cancer, diabetes, osteoporosis, dementia, vascular diseases, obesity and metabolic syndrome.In anti-aging research, much attention is focused on nutritional interventions as practical, cost-effective approaches to mitigating this agerelated breakdown in immune function. These natural dietary compounds found in a variety of fruits, vegetables, nuts and seeds are promising candidates in helping to combat the effects of aging. They possess broad biological activities: anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, detoxification, regulating signaling pathway, and modulation of enzyme activities (see Table 1).Since aged horses (>20 years) have increased levels of inflammation, and treatment with longterm use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as flunixin meglumine and phenylbutazone can pose health problems, we are interested in nutritional interventions to counteract this inflamm-aging process.Flavonoid (quercetin) and polyphenolic compounds (curcuminoids, resveratrol, pterostilbene and hydroxypterostilbene) were compared to phenylbutazone and flunixin meglumine to determine differences in equine cytokine production in cell culture. White blood cells from aged horses were isolated and incubated overnight with each compound or NSAID at multiple concentrations. Inflammation production was measured when cells were stimulated.At varying doses (measured in micromolar units [μM]), each of the compounds and NSAIDs significantly reduced cellular inflammation: curcuminoids (20 μM), hydroxypterostilbene (40 μM), pterostilbene (80 μM), quercetin (160 μM), resveratrol (160 μM), flunixin meglumine (40 μM) and phenylbutazone (>320 μM). Interestingly, curcuminoids at a concentration of 20 μM reduced inflammation to the same level as higher doses of flunixin meglumine (40 μM) and phenylbutazone (>320 μM). All natural compounds outperformed phenylbutazone by being effective at lower doses.This preliminary research has led into two studies using aged horses to determine: 1) if a relationship exists between circulating vitamin and fatty acid levels to systemic inflammation and muscle mass, and 2) if anti-inflammatory supplementation affects immune responses to vaccination. These are preliminary steps to identify effective nutritional intervention regimens to improve function of the immune system in the aged horse.
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Selenium Status in Horses: A review on supplementation
From Equine Disease Quarterly – University of KY.
Selenium Status in Horses
Selenium (Se) plays a role in the antioxidant mechanism of the body, and has also been shown to affect the immune system in many species. Additionally, Se is incorporated into at least 25 different selenoproteins. The synthesis of these selenoproteins depends on the availability of Se within the body. Herbivores rely on plants to meet their Se requirements, while plants obtain Se from the soil. However, soil Se concentration varies geographically, resulting in inconsistent dietary Se intakes across regions in grazing animals.Areas that tend to be low or marginal in Se include parts of the Eastern United States, New Zealand, Northeastern China, Europe, Egypt and South Africa. Horses kept in low Se areas, or exclusively fed forage and unsupplemented grains produced in low Se areas, may become Se deficient over time.Central Kentucky is known to be marginal in Se. Therefore, the long term effects of dietary Se intake on the Se status, immune function and exercise response of the horse was studied at the University of Kentucky in collaboration with the Alltech–UK Nutrigenomics Alliance.Horses grazing low Se pastures were fed a Se-free supplement for 28 weeks. Then, over the next 28 weeks, a third of these horses was supplemented with 0.3 mg Se/kg dry matter and a third received the same amount of Se, but as sodium selenite. The remaining horses stayed on the unsupplemented diet. Throughout the study a fourth group of horses was given a supplement providing the National Research Council's recommended Se intake of 1 mg Se/day for a 500 kg horse (approximately 0.1 mg Se/kg dry matter).The study results demonstrated that the Se status of horses kept in a low Se area, without additional Se supplementation, declined over time. At the end of the initial 28 week depletion, blood Se concentration was 165 ng/mL and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity was 43.1 enzymatic units/g hemoglobin (EU/g hb), compared to reference values for horses of adequate Se status of 180- 240 ng Se/mL and 40-160 EU/g hb, respectively. A selenoprotein, GPx is regarded as a hallmark indicator of Se status.Following Se supplementation, low Se status was corrected within 60 days. In unsupplemented horses, both blood Se and GPx continued to decrease to 125 ng Se/mL and 33.8 EU/g hb, respectively. Immune function assessment of the horses indicated that low Se status was detrimental to the immune system.Also, following exercise the horses of low Se status experienced a decrease in GPx activity which did not recover within 24 h post-exercise. This decrease occurred even though the exercise was mild, designed with the recreational riding horse in mind. GPx activity increased post-exercise in horses supplemented with Se-yeast, but decreased in the inorganic Se group. Because of its antioxidant role, a decrease in GPx post-exercise could leave horses vulnerable to oxidative stress.Overall, dietary Se intake should receive special consideration for horses kept in low Se areas, especially if they are kept on pasture with minimal supplementation. Commercial feeds and supplements often contain additional Se, so all feeds (pasture, hay, concentrates and supplements) should be considered when estimating dietary Se. Although Se deficiency may pose risks for horses, Se toxicity can also occur, so over-supplementation should be avoided.
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Potomac Horse Fever – A Review
Equine Monocytic Ehrlichiosis: Kentucky Case Series, January 2008-August 2013
Equine monocytic ehrlichiosis (EME) is also known as Potomac Horse Fever (PHF) and equine ehrlichial colitis. The disease has since been reported in most states in the US, at least three Canadian provinces and also in parts of South America, Europe and India. The disease usually occurs near rivers, lakes and wet pastures from mid- to late-summer.The cause of EME is Neorickettsia risticii, formerly Ehrlichia risticii. The reservoir for the causal agent is not clear but it has been isolated from ticks, aquatic insects, flukes and other helminths. Snails act as an intermediate host in the fluke cycle. Horses are thought to be infected through the ingestion of insects, often mayflies, which may land in drinking water. Experimentally, the incubation period ranged from 1-3 weeks in horses.In the early stage of the infection, horses may become anorexic, depressed, pyrexic and have decreased gut sounds. This is usually followed by loose stools or watery diarrhea and colic. In the late stages of the disease, affected animals may have severe dehydration, ventral abdominal edema, and laminitis. Death is the consequence of cardiovascular compromise and toxemia. Case fatality rates range from 5-30%. Transplacental transmission is reported often leading to fetal resorption, abortion, or weak foals. Horse-to-horse transmission is not thought to occur.Horses that recover from the disease may have protective immunity for up to two years. Available vaccines appear to have variable efficacy. Limiting proximity of horses to rivers, ponds, lakes and low-lying pastures during the peak EME season and eliminating lighting at night in horse stables to minimize attraction of insects may reduce the risk of infection.A provisional clinical diagnosis of EME needs to be confirmed by a veterinary laboratory competent in diagnosing the disease. A single positive indirect fluorescent antibody (IFA) test result for EME on serum only indicates exposure to the agent. Paired blood samples collected two weeks apart demonstrating a four-fold or greater rise in titer is evidence of an active infection. In clinical cases, a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay should be performed on an EDTA blood sample as well as on a fecal sample, as presence of the causal organism in blood and feces may not temporally coincide. At necropsy, a scraping of the colonic mucosa is the specimen of choice for PCR testing for EME.From January 2008 through August 2013, the University of Kentucky Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory had 123 equine samples submitted that tested positive for EME by PCR. Included in this number were 26 horses submitted for necropsy that were diagnosed with EME. Of the necropsy cases, the sex distribution was 53% female and 47% male. The mean age distribution was 8.7 years (range 0.3-34 years). The breeds involved were mostly Thoroughbred.
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Start 2018 as you mean to go on with a fitness regime that you can easily fit into your lifestyle - and grab some kit in the sale to give you a bit more motivation.
Whether you want to wait until the new year before you start your fitness regime or you are starting now, there are some big brands in the Pilch winter sale that will help motivate. From professional running kit to skiwear, grab a bargain and look the part on the slopes or at the gym.


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Film Society
A Touch of Zen
King Hu
Pierre developed a special love for Asia and its many cinemas, and he was the one who properly introduced the great wuxia master King Hu to the west, bringing the uncut version of his masterpiece, A Touch of Zen, to the 1975 Cannes Film Festival. Supreme fantasist, Ming dynasty scholar, and incomparable artist, Hu elevated the martial-arts genre to unparalleled heights. Three years in the making and his greatest film, A Touch of Zen was released in truncated form in Hong Kong in 1971 and yanked from theaters after a week. Four years later, after Rissient saved the film from oblivion and it won a grand prize for technical achievement, the unthinkable occurred: King Hu received an apology from his studio heads.
Mamoru Hosoda on the Animation Process, the Internet, and Belle
The Oslo Trilogy, with Joachim Trier, Anders Danielsen Lie, and Renate Reinsve In Person, Begins Jan. 28
Lineup Announced for 50th Dance on Camera Festival, February 11-14
Apichatpong Weerasethakul on Memoria, Tilda Swinton, and the Importance of Time


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Central decides to not have a marching band season
Central H.S. will not have a competitive marching band this summer.
Central decides to not have a marching band season Central H.S. will not have a competitive marching band this summer. Check out this story on thestarpress.com: http://tspne.ws/1HykXEX
Emma Kate Fittes, efittes@muncie.gannett.com Published 11:41 a.m. ET May 28, 2015 | Updated 10:43 a.m. ET May 29, 2015
ECI bands at State Fair Band Day
Central, Yorktown, Monroe Central, Winchester and Jay County competed along with other schools during Band Day at the Indiana State Fair August 2014. Jordan Kartholl/The Star Press
Central, Yorktown, Monroe Central, Winchester and Jay County competed along with other schools during Band Day at the Indiana State FairAugust 2014. Jordan Kartholl / The Star Press
Central, Yorktown, Monroe Central, Winchester and Jay County competed along with other schools during Band Day at the Indiana State FairAugust 2014. Jordan Kartholl/The Star Press
Spirit of Muncie band was state champs at the Indiana State Fair competition last summer.(Photo: The Star Press files)Buy Photo
MUNCIE - Nearly a month of waiting has ended for Central High School band students as school officials decided it will not have a marching band this summer.
The future of the Spirit of Muncie has been unclear as the school searches for a new director after both former directors resigned.
Principal Tom Jarvis said there was not enough time to prepare to compete this summer, even if a new director is hired at the special board meeting set for noon on Monday.
Even if a director had been hired, Jarvis said only about 30 students signed up for the band this summer. Last year, when the Spirit of Muncie won first place at the Indiana State Fair Band Day competition, there were 120 students in the band.
Band directors tried meeting with students one-on-one to get more to sign up, Jarvis said. He attributes the low turnout to "apathy" because of the resignations.
He made the decision not to compete this summer along with John Clark, who has been running band activities since the resignations, and Associate Principal Chuck Reynolds.
The school has made quick hires to keep other programs running in the past, most recently hiring football coach Brad Seiss in 2012 about a month after the former coach resigned.
"Band is so much more complex because of all the things that go into it," Jarvis said.
He pointed out that they lost both directors. When they've had to fill coaching positions on short notice there have been assistant coaches that can help smooth the transition.
Ryan Hourigan, the director of the college of music at Ball State, said the problem likely wasn't running out of time to rehearse, but not having enough preparation done to begin rehearsing.
A director needs to pick out music, choreograph, prepare uniforms and figure out transportation. It could take a couple months to prepare.
"All of that needs to be ready before kids walk in the door," he said.
Jarvis said Jeremiah Bowman had chosen and bought the music for this summer before resigning, but it isn't necessarily music a new director would have chosen or be comfortable working with.
Preparations also include an entire staff rather than just a director. Jarvis said they had Ball State students lined up to help for the summer, but many left to go elsewhere during the wait for a new director.
Hourigan said he supports the high school's decision, but he thinks it is possible to salvage the band this summer, and he'd be happy to help. But Jarvis hasn't gone to Ball State for help.
Jarvis said they aren't planning to compete this summer, but instead run band camp and get ready for football games and other events in the fall.
"If we compete, we want to win," he said.
The decision didn't didn't surprise Skyler Collins, a junior at Central. He said he would rather take a year off than ruin the Spirit of Muncie's reputation.
"I think it's best for our program to redevelop and go out strong instead of going out and maybe disappointing everyone," he said.
Collins was planning on applying to be a drum major, or student leader, for the band since it is his last eligible year. Instead, he is looking for an open spot at other schools. He still plans to come back to Central and march after his senior year.
Jarvis said he would call directors of other bands to try to help Central students find a spot for the summer.
However Richmond Community Schools, who won second place Indiana State Fair Band Day competition last year, will not be accepting anymore students.
In an email to a Central band student, Richmond director Terry Bettner said he is "very sad" for what had happened with Central's band, but his band was already finalized.
"After talking with my staff members and other administrators, driving to Richmond from Muncie four times a week (and even more later in the summer) is not a risk I want to place upon the students in the programs there," he said in the email.
Bettner did not respond to phone calls Thursday requesting comment. Neither did the band directors at Winchester High School or Monroe Central Jr/Sr High School.
The first performance the consolidated Spirit of Muncie band gave was at the Indy 500 parade last year. Superintendent Tim Heller remembers watching the students meet the drivers. He was at the race again this year, but the band was not.
"I was disappointed," he said. "We blew another opportunity to showcase our school."
Contact inside families & education reporter Emma Kate Fittes at 765-213-5845 and follow @EmmaKate_TSP
Read or Share this story: http://tspne.ws/1HykXEX
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In the 1990s, journalist Edward Hooper wrote a book claiming that an oral polio vaccine had been the source of the HIV/AIDS epidemic. Evidence does not support his conjecture.
Few diseases frightened parents more in the early part of the 20th century than polio did. Though most people recovered quickly from polio, some suffered temporary or permanent paralysis and even death.
Which three researchers were in a race to develop a polio vaccine?
Albert Sabin, David Bodian, and Jonas Salk
Maurice Hilleman, Hilary Koprowski and Jonas Salk
David Bodian, Albert Sabin, and Maurice Hilleman
Jonas Salk, Albert Sabin, and Hilary Koprowski
Jonas Salk, Albert Sabin, and Hilary Koprowski all worked on polio vaccine development. Salk's inactivated vaccine was licensed in 1955.
One stage in the preparation of the rabies vaccine: a rabbit brain on a square of muslin. Pasteur Institute, India, circa 1910.
Wellcome Library, London
In order to develop vaccines that could be mass-produced, researchers first had to grow the viruses or bacteria with which to develop those vaccines – in large quantities and with great consistency. Compared with bacteria, which can be grown in a laboratory environment when placed in a suitable growth medium, viruses cannot reproduce on their own and require living cells to infect. After a virus infects a cell, it uses the cell's own components to produce more copies of itself.
So, while material for early bacterial vaccines could be grown in a lab without laboratory animals, researchers trying to develop material for viral vaccines faced an additional challenge. With techniques for growing viruses outside of live hosts not yet available, they were limited to obtaining materials from infected animal hosts.
During the early efforts to develop a vaccine against polio, researchers discovered that the virus could cause disease not only in humans but also in monkeys. This led to early field trials in the 1930s of vaccine candidates developed using material taken from polio-infected monkeys, such as monkey spinal cords. These candidates proved to be dangerous, sometimes causing paralysis in the limb where the vaccine was administered; vaccines derived using nervous system tissue have a higher side effect profile than those developed using other methods (the myelin in the vaccine material can stimulate an adverse neurological reaction). The trials ceased, and researchers moved on with the goal of finding another way to grow the virus for vaccine development.
The Promise of Cell Culture in Vaccine Development
Hopes of growing poliovirus in the lab without the use of live animals drove many of the researchers in the 1930s and 1940s. Cell cultures involve growing cells in a culture dish, often with a supportive growth medium like collagen. They offer a level of control that was unavailable using live animals, and can also support large-scale virus production. (For more about cell cultures and cell lines, as well as cell lines made using human cells, see our article "Human Cell Strains in Vaccine Development.") Early efforts to grow poliovirus in culture, however, repeatedly ended in failure.
In 1936, Albert Sabin and Peter Olitsky at the Rockefeller Institute successfully grew poliovirus in a culture of brain tissue from a human embryo. The virus grew quickly, which was promising, but Sabin and Olitsky were concerned about using this as starting material for a vaccine, fearing nervous system damage for vaccine recipients. They tried to grow poliovirus in cultures using tissue that had been taken from other sources, but were unsuccessful.
Breakthrough in Boston
Thirteen years after Sabin and Olitsky's success with growing poliovirus in brain tissue, researchers at the lab of John Enders at the Children's Hospital in Boston successfully grew the virus in a culture of skin and muscle tissue from a human embryo—in a very fortunate happenstance. At the time, the researchers were focused on trying to isolate and grow varicella, the chickenpox virus. They had already succeeded in growing mumps and influenza viruses and had moved on to varicella, which they knew grew in human cells. After preparing flasks with human embryonic tissue, they inoculated four flasks with throat washings from chickenpox patients. Another four flasks were inoculated with a strain of poliovirus as a control group. The chickenpox virus did not grow in this case, but to the researchers' great surprise, poliovirus did.
They went on to grow two other strains of poliovirus, and in many different types of human embryonic tissue, without using nervous system tissue. They were able to grow the virus rapidly and to very high concentrations using the "roller tube" apparatus created by researcher George Otto Gey in the 1930s. (Gey also established perhaps the most famous human cell line, the HeLa, or Henrietta Lacks line.) While many tissue cultures at the time were done in flasks, Gey realized that the environment in the flask did not adequately simulate the environment inside a living body, where tissues are exposed to periods of nutrients being supplied as well as waste removal. Instead of a flask, he placed tissue on the sides of test tubes, and then placed the tubes horizontally into holes in a wooden cylinder. The cylinder slowly turned like a wheel, rotating the tubes so that the tissue would alternate coming into contact with air and a nutrient fluid added to the tube.
The researchers in Enders's lab used the same technique, growing poliovirus much more rapidly than could be achieved in static flasks. For demonstrating that poliovirus could be reliably grown without using nervous tissue, Enders and his colleagues Thomas Weller and Frederick Robbins were awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1954.
Their discovery proved to be the breakthrough needed to develop a polio vaccine. In 1951, Jonas Salk and his colleagues at the University of Pittsburgh found that poliovirus could also be propagated on a large scale in monkey kidney cells.
Over time, most vaccine development efforts shifted to the use of cell strains—cultures made up of only a single type of cell. These strains can be derived from tissue cultures, which contain multiple types of cells; while viruses can be grown in tissue cultures, cell strains allow for continuous observation and control that may not be possible in cultures containing multiple types of cells. This same transition was made in the development of polio vaccines; a monkey kidney cell strain is used to grow poliovirus for the inactivated polio vaccine made today.
Current Vaccines Developed Using Animal Cell Strains
Today, many different animal cell strains are available for use in scientific research and development. Several vaccines currently available in the United States were developed using the Vero cell line, started from African green monkey kidney cells:
Rotavirus vaccines [Rotarix/GlaxoSmithKline, RotaTeq/Merck]
Polio [IPOL/Sanofi Pasteur]
Smallpox [ACAM2000/Sanofi Pasteur – Used only for selected military personnel]
Japanese encephalitis [Ixiaro/Intercell – Used only for those traveling to areas with known outbreaks of disease]
Future U.S. vaccines may use other animal cell strains, including the Madin Darby Canine Kidney (MDCK) line, which was started in 1958 with kidney cells from a cocker spaniel. (Some European vaccines are already made using MDCK.)
Sources and Additional Reading
John Franklin Enders, PhD -- PolioPlace.org (Accessed June 2021)
GlaxoSmithKline. (2011). Package Insert – Rotavirus Vaccine, Live, Oral. (PDF: 425 KB) Accessed 01/10/2018.
Intercell Biomedical. (2010). Package Insert - Japanese Encephalitis Vaccine, Inactivated, Adsorbed. (PDF: 224 KB). Accessed 01/10/2018.
Merck & Co., Inc. (2011). Package Insert – Rotavirus Vaccine, Live, Oral, Pentavalent. (PDF: 261 KB). Accessed 01/10/2018.
Sanofi Pasteur. (2013). Package Insert – Poliovirus Vaccine Inactivated. (PDF: 140 KB). Accessed 01/10/2018.
Sanofi Pasteur. (2009). Package Insert – Smallpox (Vaccinia) Vaccine, Live. (PDF: 285 KB). Accessed 01/10/2018.
Last update: 5 June 2021
Assessment Questions
Before the 1950s, why was it difficult to grow viruses in labs?
Viruses would get contaminated with bacteria.
A method for growing them outside a live animal host had not been developed.
Viruses were not recognized yet.
Which virus drove a great deal of the interest in developing tissue and cell culture techniques?
The common cold virus
Smallpox virus
What is a cell strain?
A culture made of a single type of cell
A tissue culture
A culture of many types of cells
A virus


text:
Royston Ricky Drenthe, né le  à Rotterdam, est un footballeur international néerlandais qui joue au poste de milieu de terrain au Racing Murcie.

Biographie
Il joue au poste de défenseur gauche et parfois milieu dans le club espagnol du Real Madrid. Il est parfois comparé à Edgar Davids du fait de sa nationalité, sa ressemblance physique et sa hargne sur le terrain qui lui a valu le surnom de « Pitbull ». Il est aussi très technique ballon au pied.
Après avoir été courtisé par les plus grands clubs européens, il est transféré le  au Real Madrid pour un montant d'environ 14 millions d'euros en provenance du Feyenoord Rotterdam. Il est officiellement présenté dans son nouveau club le . Lors de son premier match officiel avec le Real Madrid, la finale retour de la Supercoupe d'Espagne contre le FC Séville, il marque un magnifique but, de 30 mètres, qui se loge sous la barre. Le Real s'incline par la suite 5-3.

Il marque son premier but en Liga, le  lors de l'éclatante victoire 7-0 de son équipe sur Valladolid.

Le , il est prêté par le Real Madrid à Hércules Alicante (20 matchs 4 but) puis à Everton jusqu'à la fin de la saison. Il prend part à 27 matchs (4 buts) avant de réintégrer l'effectif du Real qui le libère le  juillet.

En fin de contrat en , il reste six mois sans club avant de s'engager le  avec le club russe du FK Alania Vladikavkaz.

Le vendredi , Reading FC a annoncé que Drenthe avait signé pour le club pour trois saisons. Il est arrivé gratuitement depuis le club FK Alania Vladikavkaz. Après avoir été prêté à Sheffield Wednesday lors de la première moitié de saison 2014-2015, il rejoint finalement le club turc Kayseri Erciyesspor lors du mercato hivernal.

Sans contrat après un an aux Emirats Arabes Unis (Baniyas SC), le joueur se retrouve sans contrat en . Annoncé un temps à Waasland-Beveren (Belgique), le deal ne se fera finalement pas. Royston Drenthe annonce en  l'arrêt de sa carrière de footballeur, et décide de se consacrer à la musique rap, qu'il pratique sous le nom de Roya2Faces. Il revient dans le football au début de la saison 2018-2019 avec le Sparta Rotterdam.

Palmarès
Avec les Pays-Bas :

 Vainqueur du Championnat d'Europe de football Espoirs 2007.
 Meilleur joueur du Championnat d'Europe de football Espoirs 2007.

Avec le Real Madrid :

 Champion d'Espagne : 2008.
 Vainqueur de la Supercoupe d'Espagne : 2008.
 Finaliste de la Supercoupe d'Espagne : 2007.

Statistiques

 Dernière mise à jour le

Références

Liens externes

Footballeur international néerlandais
Joueur du Feyenoord Rotterdam
Joueur du Real Madrid
Joueur du Hércules CF Alicante
Joueur de l'Everton FC
Joueur de l'Alania Vladikavkaz
Joueur du Reading FC
Joueur du Sheffield Wednesday FC
Joueur du Sparta Rotterdam
Joueur du Kayseri Erciyesspor
Joueur du Baniyas SC
Footballeur aux Jeux olympiques d'été de 2008
Naissance en avril 1987
Naissance à Rotterdam
Diaspora surinamienne aux Pays-Bas


Meghan's journey as a royal has been a rocky one, plagued with constant family-related scandals and dramas. The Duchess' own dress designer reveals how Meghan got through it all, with possibly another problem on the horizon, but this time among the Royal family.
Clare Waight Keller, the British dress designer who worked on Meghan's Givenchy gown for her big day, her wedding to Prince Harry in May, has said that she finds it "humbling" how the Duke and Duchess of Sussex reacted and dealt with the attacks from Meghan's half-sister Samantha Markle, 53, and her father Thomas, 74, just weeks before their wedding.
Meghan's American father, who previously worked as a light director, pulled out of the royal wedding just days before the ceremony, due to the scandal in which it was revealed that he had staged fake pictures with the paparazzi for some pretty big sums of cash.
Mr Markle managed to capture the hearts of millions of Brits when images of him working out on an exercise bike, in order to get fit for his wedding suits, and reading up on books on the royal family, emerged in the media.
But just three days before the big event at Windsor, some camera surveillance footage was revealed in which we see the internet cafe where he was pictured researching the royals, was actually staged by him and a photographer, who helped him with the pretend images. After news of the fraud broke out, Mr Markle claimed that he had suffered a heart attack.
Meghan's half-sister, Samantha Markle, claimed that the Duchess did not wish her father a happy birthday and continued to attack both her sister and her new husband Prince Harry in a series of furious tweets and TV interviews. Recently, she has criticized the couple's Christmas card, which showed the couple with their backs turned as they watched fireworks. The photograph was taken on the couples wedding day.
Samantha said: "Interesting that the Duke and Duchess of Sussex have their backs turned.
Her tweet, of course, referred to the alleged lack of contact from Meghan with her own family.
The statement from Meghan's dress designer came at a time when rumours of a rift between Kate, Duchess of Cambridge, and Meghan has been growing, which began when her daughter, Princess Charlotte, suffered a "tense" fitting for her bridesmaid dress for Meghan's wedding.
Prince Harry is also said to have been angry at brother, William, for "not rolling out the red carpet" for his wife Meghan.
But both couples will have to make amends, as they will be spending Christmas together at he Queen's Sandringham residence.


Lenuš is a gorgeous – but very modest – Slovak lady and this is her corner on PEP. Here's her take on guys and romance.
The best things happen unexcpectedly.
Do they? Before we get the answer to this question, I need to mention, that this article is about men and about the way they think when it comes to suprising their loved ones.
Still guessing if the answer is yes or no?
I went through the list of my female friends, and asked them, what was the most romantic, what most the shocking or the most touching their male halves ever prepared for them. Well better said, suprised them with.
I will start with myself.
I love books I have to say, it doesn't really matter which kind. Basically I'm a reading machine. But yeah, I have more favourite topics to read up on, of course. That's the American civil war, history books, classical novels and fantasy. In the last category belongs the theme of vampires and werevolves.
I was addicted to this and didn't even realize how often I was speaking about it to my ex boyfriend. He never acted annoyed, he listened to me, sometimes he said something.
At first he started with gifts like buying me books on this topic. I was always so happy. Was really cute. But the true shock came on my birthday, when he gave me an enveloppe and inside were tickets for a 4 days trip to Transylvania in Romania. He didn't know, how I would react, so he started to explain. He said he knew I would want to see Dracula's castle and all the nature around, just to complete my imagination puzzle about vampires. I was still speechless. How? Just how could he get this idea? Alone… a man? Again how?
It was the biggest suprise of my life. And cooked up by a man. They are still not completely lost, dear ladies.
Ok, I think it was when after 5 years of dating he told me he would like to marry me and have kids with me, because I am the woman of his life. I know this is the experience of a lot of women, but my husband is different, he is ultra-defensive and showing his,feelings this way was a big suprise for me.
'He isn't really a romantic kind of man. More practical minded. In the beginning of our relationship he used to buy me everything I just said I liked in shops, I had to stop saying anything while shopping.
When we got married we realized there is more important stuff. Now the most romantic thing he is doing everyday is taking the kids out so I can finally rest after all day of this crazy routine at home.
He knows it's exactly what I need and I didn't need to tell him a single word about it.
The way he is, is still a suprise for me every day, he supported me in the worst and hardest times of my life. Didn't escape, just was my pillar and he is doing it every single day. I love to wake up next to him in bed every morning.
'Oh, when he bought us tickets for the hockey championship a few years ago in Finland. He basically organised everything, bought plane tickets, packed our bags, prepared all papers and I didn't know what was going on the whole time.
Instead of going to the cinema in evening, he took me to the airport and there he told me where we were going.
Generally men aren't deep wells of romantic ideas and suprises, but once they do – they go for it. These various examples show that not much money needs to be invested to suprise us and render us speechless and absolutely emotional. All men need to do is observe and listen to their women.


For zoologists including entomologists, the world is divided into six main fauna zones.
The Pal(a)earctic (the 'old northern part') is the Old World, comprising all of Europe, Africa north of the Sahara, Asia Minor, northern Arabia, the Middle East and Asia north of the Himalayas.
The Nearctic (the 'new North') consists of North America and Greenland. The southern border is in the Caribbean, roughly along a line dividing the southern tip of Florida and the northern tip of Yucatán along the 25th parallel. For this reason most of Mexico is part of the Nearctic.
Both Palearctic and Nearctic together form the Holarctic (the 'whole North').
South and tropical Central America and the West Indies form the Neotropical fauna zone.
All of Africa south of the Sahara including southern Arabia and Madagascar make up the Afrotropical fauna zone (also called Ethiopian zone).
The Oriental region is Asia south and southeast of the Himalayas plus the Malay archipelago.
Finally, Australia, New Zealand, Tasmania, New Guinea and the islands of Polynesia form the Australian region.
Most butterflies and moths fly in the tropics. According to John B. Heppner's estimate, there are 90,000 species in the Neotropical and 50,000 in the Oriental region whereas the Palearctic has only 25,000 and the Nearctic a mere 14,000. The best studied fauna zone is the Palearctic where the systematic study of insects began and where some 92 per cent of the fauna are known. In North America, the rate is 82 percent while in the four other regions it is only slightly over 50 per cent.


Participating VT residents will receive a $150 discount coupon for an energy assessment and improvements by certified contractors from Efficiency Vermont.
This workshop is sponsored by the VLS chapter of the Dartmouth Energy Collaborative and the Sharon, Tunbridge and Randolph Town Energy Committees.
For more information, contact the Sustainable Energy Resource Group at 802-785-4126 or SERG@valley.net.


I am excited to be accepting the Sunshine Blogger Award today after being nominated by the lovely Amy over creator of the Silver Linings Project blog. This award is all about bloggers noticing other bloggers that are being positive and inspiring.
This means a lot to me since this my first award ! I am really grateful as I continue to share what's on my heart.
* Reference and link to the person who nominated you!
2. I played flute for a few years. It took me an entire month to play a note when I started learning flute in 5th grade! I didn't give up, won lots of solo awards, and became first chair a few years later in band.
3. I used to like the smell of gasoline when I was younger. No idea why, but glad I have grown out of it.
4. My first job was a usher at an outdoor concert theater. In high school I got to enjoy Jimmy Buffett, Dave Matthews Band, Jay-Z, Nas, Usher, Poison, and a host of other artists for free. Good times indeed.
5. Spiders. I don't think I have arachnophobia but spiders (especially bigger ones) can make me do extreme things like scream and jump on chairs.
6. I had the biggest crush on Brandy's brother Ray J when I was in middle school. He only had a handful of songs but you better believe I knew them like the back of my hand.
7. I was not a fan of portraits when I was younger. My pictures from three to about seven, I made it a point to frown, much to my parents dismay. My rebel side was trying to come out. Those pictures have now become my parent's favorites.
8. I met Oprah and Martha Beck. I got to tell them the story of how me and my husband kept our marriage a secret for two years. It was live at the studios and I was in the front row. Great memory for me and my husband. You can see my 5 seconds of fame if you fast forward to minute 22:40 of this video.
9. I love Crock Pot cooking. Easy. Convenient. Yummy. all at the same time? Yes!
10. America's Next Top Model is my all time favorite reality-competition show. I haven't missed a season since it premiered back in 2003.
1. What is the first thing you do as soon as you wake up in the morning? Take a deep breath and say thank you, expressing gratitude for life.
2. What is your greatest fear? Suffocating or drowning. Just don't want to imagine not being able to breathe.
3. Do you have a new years resolution for 2014? Becoming a full time writer.
5. What is your favorite childhood memory? My mom taking me and my brother to the library every Saturday morning. That's where my love of books started.
6. Facebook or Twitter? Right now, it's Facebook.
8. What bugs you the most? When people don't pay attention to what people are saying because they are distracted by phones or computers.
9. What do you consider to be the most important appliance in your house? the stove. I love cooking and we no longer own a microwave.
11. What's your favorite movie quote? Anything from the Notebook but this is my favorite: "So, it's not gonna be easy. It's gonna be really hard. We're gonna have to work at this every day, but I want to do that because I want you. I want all of you, forever, you and me, every day.


Psalm 33:15. He fashioneth their hearts alike (individually); he considereth (understands) all their works.
And it was Friday friends… and the rains came during the night…the early rain to water the dry and thirsty land, to irrigate the soil and make it more amenable to the sowing of good seed.
In other words friends, we had a big thunderstorm last night that provided much needed heavenly blessings for the earth, thus giving us a wet and cloudy Friday the 13th morning.
Yes it is one of those superstitious Friday the 13th days that happen every so often during the year, and many of us will be on our p's and q's desperately trying to do, or not to do certain things that cause bad luck on such days.
But precious people such belief is unworthy of a true believer in Jesus, because it's just what it says it is – superstition – and can't harm us in any way.
And again I have to warn us that lustful and licentious behaviour should not be the main aspects of our weekend, because that just digs us into a deeper hole of sin and sorrow. What we need are activities that are more in tune with our Friday Chant, which we'll now proclaim with the appropriate sincerity and truth.
Yes friends, the basic reason for the weekend is for us to rest and rejuvenate ourselves through godly fellowship, so that we can be strong and steadfast when the new workweek rolls along, not a tired, miserable, hung-over mess like so many of us end up being on a Monday morning.
Yes my brethren, our God has fashioned each of our hearts individually, we haven't come off of a production line, where everything is the same. And on top of that, He takes a special and particular interest in every soul that He's made.
Listen, as the psalmist continues after our Bit. 'There is no king saved by the multitude of a host: a mighty man is not delivered by much strength. A horse is a vain thing (false hope) for safety: neither shall he deliver any by his great strength.
Yeh mih people, it's all about the strength and LOVING-kindness of our magnificent God Jehovah, not about man's strength which is sorely limited!
And as true believers, we all know that as gospel truth! The Lord looks down from His high heaven on all of us, and there's no place that any of us can run or hide from His all-seeing, omniscient power. As Bruh David so wisely and wonderfully declares in Psalm 139 – The everlasting presence and power of God.
'Whither shall (can) I go from thy spirit? Or whither shall (can) I flee from thy presence? If I ascend up into heaven, thou art there: if I make my bed in hell (Sheol), behold, thou art there. If I take the wings of the morning, and dwell in the uttermost parts of the sea; Even there shall thy hand lead me, and thy right hand shall hold me.
Oh what beautiful words of scripture, my people! Gospel truth in black and white! There's nowhere we can run or hide from our Creator, as so many of us futilely try to do.
That says it all friends! Our God is continually looking down on us, checking our ways, so that He can meet out to us whatever we deserve. That means we just have to buckle down and live according to His will, if we want to receive His wondrous blessings and mercies. Much LOVE!
Nehemiah 8:10b. …for the joy of the Lord is your strength.
Oh Friends, I've got such a joy deep down in my soul this Thursday morning in June that I just can't contain it! Wow! That joy just makes me feel like shouting out to the world what God has done for me! And I surely hope that you're feeling the same way too, for that's the beauty and benefit of being a true believer!
Oh my people, I'm talking about His unconditional LOVE, His constantly available grace and never-ending mercy, then the beautiful essence of forgiveness… and don't even talk about salvation and eternal life! Oh my my! And what shall we say to the biggest blessing of all eh; His wonderful Son, Jesus Christ, our Leader, Lord and Saviour!
Mama Mia! What an awesome Deity we serve and worship my brethren! So how can we ever doubt or believe that the great God who created us, doesn't LOVE and care for us eh? Steups!
What more has He got to do my brethren before we can comfortably and assuredly put our entire trust in him, to completely surrender our souls, minds and bodies to His superior guidance through the work and presence of His Holy Spirit?
I really don't know what it will realistically take for the numerous unbelievers and backsliders to truly understand what this life is all about nuh, one controlled by the mighty but magnanimous hand of Almighty God.
Ah Friends, we're such small-minded doubters and disbelievers that it isn't funny. So much so that even if God did miracles in our lives every day, we'd still have doubts and refuse to believe. But here's the good news Friends, we, a relatively small band of true believers are here to change the world, we're going to make a radical difference.
And the best way to do that is by living lives honouring God, giving Him all the glory. And don't think that we can't do it because we're too few, for if we listen to this quote by Margaret Mead (1901-1978) the famous American cultural anthropologist, we'll see that it's very possible.
Gospel truth that, my people! Whatever serious changes that's ever been wrought in our world have always been by a relatively small group of its population, and with the awesome power of Jesus riding shotgun with us… Oh my Friends, all and everything is possible!
And believe you me, that's exactly what Jesus is calling us to do; to bring some radical changes to this wicked and godless world by spreading the good news of His gospel that's overflowing with the most important elements of PEACE and LOVE, FORGIVENESS, MERCY, GRACE, SALVATION and ETERNAL LIFE!
Yes my people, without God's joy coursing through our spirits, we are weaklings. That's why Lucifer is always trying to steal our joy, because then he knows he can get his evil claws into us without too much effort.
And if you listen to Jesus when He was talking to the disciples about the vine and the branches, you'd hear Him say to them. 'These things have I spoken unto you, that my joy might remain in you, and that your joy might be full.' (John 15:11) It's obvious my people that we do need the joy found in Jesus to be able to live this earthly life fully and to be obedient to His will.
Then later on He said to the disciples: 'Hitherto have ye asked nothing in my name: ask, and ye shall receive, that your joy may be full.' (John 16:24) Yes my brethren, the joy of God is ever so important in a believer's life. Without it, we're powerless to resist the wiles of the enemy.
All through the Bible there are passages which proclaim the importance of godly joy in our lives. Let's check out a couple of them. Listen to Elihu as he reasons with Job, re God's calling on men to repent.
'He shall pray unto God, and he will be favourable unto him (delight in him): and he shall see his face with joy: for he will render unto (restore to) man his righteousness.' (Job 33:26) Joy in the Lord is ever so important my brethren.
Now hear Bruh David from Psalm 16, where he's seeking preservation and blessing. He ends it thus: 'Thou wilt show me the path of life: in thy presence is fullness of joy; at thy right hand there are pleasures for evermore.' (Ps.16:11) And isn't that absolute truth? It surely is! For once the Holy Spirit is leading and guiding us, there will be joy in our souls.
Meanwhile, Isaiah, in his thanksgiving for God's mercies, puts it this way. 'And in that day thou shalt say, O Lord, I will praise thee: though thou wast angry with me, thine anger is turned away, and thou comfortedst me. Behold, God is my salvation; I will trust, and not be afraid: for the Lord Jehovah is my strength and my song; he also is become my salvation.
Oh my fellow believers, that is indeed the gospel truth! And we'll leave us this morning to each ponder our walk with Jesus, to see exactly how it is proceeding, and to strengthen it when and where necessary, with God's help. Much LOVE!


text:
HOME » letter (x) » March 20 1923 (x) » info:fedora/insulin:falconer (x) » Insulin - Early manufacture (x) » Search
Best (Charles Herbert) Papers (97)
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University of Toronto. Board of Governors. Insulin Committee (45)
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[Sept. 1922] (2)
[ca. Nov. 1922] (2)
Letter to Sir Henry Dale 22/02/1954
Best, Charles Herbert, 1899-
Letter to Margaret Mahon 8/8/1921
Letter to Margaret Mahon 11/8/1921
Letter to Margaret Mahon
[September 6 1921]
Letter to Bruce Macleod 22/12/1921
Mahon, Emma Linda
Best, Margaret (Mahon)
Letter to H.H. Best 10/05/1922
Letter to Charles Best 26/10/23
Letter to Margaret Mahon 28/10/1923
[October 28 1923]
Letter to Dr. F. G. Banting 11/03/1921
Letter to Dr. J. B. Collip, Dept. of Physiology, University of Alberta 18/09/1922
Letter to Col. Gooderham: History of the researches leading to the discovery of insulin by J. J. R. Macleod
Letter to J. J. R. Macleod 09/1922
Collip, J. B. (James Bertram), 1892-1965
[Sept. 1922]
Draft of letter to J. J. R. Macleod 09/1922
Telegram to H. H. Hornbrook 4/06/1923
Letter to Edith Elizabeth Henderson 1/04/1928
Henderson, V. E. (Velyien Ewart), 1877-1945
Letter to Edith Elizabeth Henderson 13/04/1928
May 20 [1928]
Copy of a letter to J. J. R. Macleod regarding a patent for an anti-diabetic agent 25/09/1922
Murlin, John R. (John Raymond), b. 1874
Rochester, N.Y.
Letter offering F. L. Hutchison the position of Executive Secretary for the Insulin Committee 28/06/1923
Letter to Dr. Fitzgerald regarding patent rights for Great Britain 4/07/1922
Fletcher, Walter, Sir, 1873-1933
Letter to Sir Walter Fletcher 23/11/1923


Manchester United kept alive their top four pursuit by grinding out a narrow 1-0 victory over Everton at Old Trafford.
Anthony Martial scored the only goal of the game within the opening exchanges of the second half, converting a fine team move to send the home crowd into jubilation.
This win follows on from the Manchester derby victory two weeks ago, as United kept the pressure on their neighbours by closing the gap back to one point.
Early on, Marcos Rojo saw a shot blocked from a low corner routine, as a neat give-and-go between Jesse Lingard and Martial saw the latter fire just wide of the left-hand post.
Leighton Baines saw a free-kick deflect off the wall and behind for a corner, as Romelu Lukaku's looping header dropped wide without troubling.
Martial and Lingard saw shots blocked, as half-time drew to a close a quiet half in terms of chances but entertaining one nonetheless.
Everton, boasting just one defeat on the road all season before today, began the second half on the front foot, with Baines playing the ball into the feet of Lukaku, whose shot on the turn deflected behind off Daley Blind.
Then came the goal as Morgan Schneiderlin's long diagonal pass found Juan Mata on the right, who held the ball up before passing to Marcus Rashford, whose neat flick set substitute Timothy Fosu-Mensah with the chance to deliver, and his low cross to the back post found Martial, whose first time finish found its way in off of the right boot of goalkeeper Joel Robles.
Looking for an instant response, Toffees captain Phil Jagielka crashed a header against the crossbar from Gerard Deulofeu's corner, as the former was denied once more, this time seeing a close range effort saved by David De Gea after United failed to deal with Tom Cleverley's corner.
Piling the pressure on in the hunt for an equaliser, Baines' short free-kick saw Cleverley have a shot blocked, as Fosu-Mensah did brilliantly to clear a dangerous low cross from Seamus Coleman.
United held out for a crucial three points, which sees them leapfrog West Ham United into fifth place after the Hammers dropped points on Saturday, with eyes on Manchester City with the gap reduced to one point.
Needing an answer to City's comfortable victory, Louis van Gaal's side responded against one of the form teams away from home.
Despite looking vulnerable from set pieces, United dealt with the threat of Everton well, especially the clinical and deadly Lukaku.
Resolute defending like this will be needed once more, as United take on Tottenham Hotspur this time next week, with a fourth Sunday 4pm kick-off on the bounce if you exclude the international break.
Manchester United: De Gea; Darmian, Smalling, Blind (Valencia 82), Rojo (Fosu-Mensah 46); Carrick (Herrera 58), Schneiderlin, Mata, Lingard, Martial; Rashford.
Subs: Romero, Fosu-Mensah, Young, Valencia, Herrera, Fellaini, Memphis.
Everton: Robles; Coleman, Stones, Jagielka, Baines; McCarthy, Cleverley; Deulofeu (Mirallas 63), Barkley (Niasse 87), Lennon; Lukaku.
Subs: Howard, Ovideo, Funes Mori, Besic, Mirallas, Kone, Niasse.


Every October 5th, UNESCO (United Nations Education, Scientific and Cultural Organization) celebrates World Teachers' Day. While many will mark the day by thanking a teacher, there is much more to this internationally recognized day than the well deserved appreciation of our teachers. The tag line for this year's World Teachers' Day is "Invest in the future, invest in teachers." and it points to another goal for the day – shining a light on the global responsibility of improving educators and education around the world. It is a complex task as the context and needs of each country, province, state, city or village are so diverse.
Learning is no longer limited to the school building or the school day. We are all learners! All the time. That makes all of us teachers as well, including children. Learning is becoming a partnership between teachers, students, parents and the wider community. World Teachers' Day provides an opportunity for all of us to reflect on and discuss the impact teachers have on the well-being and achievement of our children.
To view all three videos in the playlist, click here.
Teachers set the conditions for success for each of our children. On October 5th, don't just thank a teacher, engage one in a conversation about the issues they face and the task at hand – helping our children to love learning. Take the opportunity to invest in teaching, and the future.
And Mrs. Pecyna if your out there… Thanks.
Posted on October 2, 2014 October 5, 2016 by Patrick MillerPosted in UncategorizedTagged #SCDSB, Education, Future, Learners, Patrick Miller, World Teachers' Day.
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text:
Az 1961-es Tour de France volt a 48. francia körverseny. 1961. június 25-e és július 16-a között rendezték. Az amatőr versenyzőknek 1961-ben megrendezték a Tour de l'Avenir-t. André Darrigade nyerte hagyományosan az első szakaszt, immár ötödször.  Jacques Anquetil 1957-ben már megnyerte a Tour de France-t, utána betegség vagy fáradtság miatt nem tudott ismételni, ebben az évben újra ereje teljében versenyzett, az első gyorsaságit megnyerve átvette a vezetést. A második szakaszon Észak-Franciaországban a rossz időjárás miatt heten adták fel a versenyt. Strasbourg és Belfort között a Col de la Schlucht-on a holland csapatkapitány Albertus Geldermans bukott, kórházba került és fel kellett adnia a versenyt. Graziano Battistini a tizennegyedik szakaszon esett ki miután egy autó elütötte. A verseny történetében először végződött hegyi befutóval egy szakasz, a Superbagnères lett az első ilyen.

Guido Charlesi az utolsó szakaszon került a második helyre mindössze 2 másodperccel megelőzve Charly Gault.

Szakaszok

Végeredmény

Egyéni verseny

Pont verseny

Hegyek királya

Csapatverseny

További információk

 A verseny végeredménye
 Emlékezés a bajnokokra

Tour
Tour de France