text:
Lowest price: € 9.93, highest price: € 29.99, average price: € 17.74
Miami by Joan Didion Paperback | Indigo Chapters - new book
It is where Fidel Castro raised money to overthrow Batista and where two generations of Castro''s enemies have raised armies to overthrow him, so far without success. It is where the bitt… More...
It is where Fidel Castro raised money to overthrow Batista and where two generations of Castro''s enemies have raised armies to overthrow him, so far without success. It is where the bitter opera of Cuban exile intersects with the cynicism of U. S. foreign policy. It is a city whose skyrocketing murder rate is fueled by the cocaine trade, racial discontent, and an undeclared war on the island ninety miles to the south. As Didion follows Miami''s drift into a Third World capital, she also locates its position in the secret history of the Cold War, from the Bay of Pigs to the Reagan doctrine and from the Kennedy assassination to the Watergate break-in. Miami is not just a portrait of a city, but a masterly study of immigration and exile, passion, hypocrisy, and political violence. | Miami by Joan Didion Paperback | Indigo Chapters Books > Literary Criticism > Essays & Collections P10103, Joan Didion<
Indigo.ca
new in stock. Shipping costs:zzgl. Versandkosten., plus shipping costs
Joan Didion:
Miami by Joan Didion - used book
It is where Fidel Castro raised money to overthrow Batista and where two generations of Castro's enemies have raised armies to overthrow him, so far without success. It is where the bitte… More...
It is where Fidel Castro raised money to overthrow Batista and where two generations of Castro's enemies have raised armies to overthrow him, so far without success. It is where the bitter opera of Cuban exile intersects with the cynicism of U.S. foreign policy. It is a city whose skyrocketing murder rate is fueled by the cocaine trade, racial discontent, and an undeclared war on the island ninety miles to the south. As Didion follows Miami's drift into a Third World capital, she also locates its position in the secret history of the Cold War, from the Bay of Pigs to the Reagan doctrine and from the Kennedy assassination to the Watergate break-in. Miami is not just a portrait of a city, but a masterly study of immigration and exile, passion, hypocrisy, and political violence. Media > Book, [PU: Random House; Alfred A. Knopf]<
Miami - Paperback
Paperback, [PU: Random House USA Inc], With her usual sharp eye for the realities of American life, Joan Didion explores an American city of glitter and glamour, a city of racial tension … More...
Paperback, [PU: Random House USA Inc], With her usual sharp eye for the realities of American life, Joan Didion explores an American city of glitter and glamour, a city of racial tension and fast money whose culture, history, and state of mind are inextricably linked with Cuba, only 90 miles away. An Editor's Choice selection of the New York Times and Time., Literary Essays, History Of The Americas, Urban Communities, Social & Cultural Anthropology, Political Science & Theory, Regional Government, International Relations, Local History, Travel & Holiday Guides, Guidebooks<
Buch, Softcover, [PU: Vintage Books], Vintage Books, 1998
Shipping costs:Versand in 10-20 Tagen. (EUR 0.00)
Miami - used book
Livre, [PU: Random House; Alfred A. Knopf]
Rakuten.fr
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at Indigo.ca
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(aprox. € 15.92)
at lehmanns.de
at Rakuten.fr
Shipment: € 11.001
1 Offers. Shipping costs:France. (EUR 11.00) Priceminister
With her usual sharp eye for the realities of American life, Joan Didion explores an American city of glitter and glamour, a city of racial tension and fast money whose culture, history, and state of mind are inextricably linked with Cuba, only 90 miles away. An Editor's Choice selection of the New York Times and Time.
Details of the book - Miami
Publisher: Vintage Books
0-679-78180-3, 978-0-679-78180-6
2900679781805 Miami (Joan Didion)
9782742428663 Miami (Collectifs)
9782742432882 Cartoville Miami ( Collectif)
9782742425242 Miami (David Raterman)
9780006545880 Miami (Didion, Joan)
Miami (Joan Didion)


It feels great to cross off all of the completed tasks on your to-do list as you complete them. It feels so good, in fact, that some people actually write the list after they have already completed the tasks just so they can scratch it off of their list. Your to-do list is a powerful tool for keeping you focused on the outcomes that you need to produce.
But with all of your going and doing, it's easy to forget what you don't want to do.
What are some of the things that you do that no longer serve you? What are the things that you find yourself doing, even though they are taking away from your ability to produce the real outcomes that you want? What do you do now that, if you stopped doing it, would allow you to get done what you really want to get done?
I don't know what would be on your to-don't list. But a big part of being effective is deciding what you are not going to do. Your to-don't list can house some powerful ideas that create a higher standard for the activities that you take (very much like understanding the difference between goals and disciplines. To-don'ts are disciplines and disciplines are powerful in producing great outcomes).
Don't choose one single method for prospecting.
Don't entrench yourself in unhealthy beliefs.
Don't procrastinate on following up.
Don't assume the solution before you diagnose.
Don't try to win your dream client without nurturing those relationships.
Don't avoid the big issues.
Don't forget to be human.
Don't move your dream client opportunity without spending the time to understand the needs of the stakeholders–even when they aren't the decision-makers.
What are the top couple items on your to-don't list?
What are the to-don'ts that create your personal standard?
What should you stop doing now?


text:
Q: How to invoke events on a pod using kubectl I would like to monitor the pods running on my cluster, using a python script. I wrote that script, which will check if there are new events happening on my pods (+extra logic and custom logging).
Now I would like to know if my script is correct. Is there a way to invoke events on the pods by hand, i.e. using kubectl?
Thanks!

A: To get events you can use kubectl get events, keep in mind that events are namespaced. This means you need to specify a namespace object, like this kubectl get events --namespace=my-namespace. Or you can list all namespaces by using kubectl get events --all-namespaces.
You can read the detailed explanation and other examples of debugging Kubernetes inside Application Introspection and Debugging

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Thanks for checking out my Redcon1: Big Noise Non-Stimulant Pre Workout Review. Comment below if you have any questions.
Redcon1 brought out a pretty well stacked no caffeine, non-stimulant pre workout. This Big Noise Supplement from Redcon1 will increase your pumps in the gym, endurance when training, and focus while working out.


text:
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Galicia, Spain
April 9, 2019 | Category: Retirement locations, Travel | 1 Comment
Author: Maria Romero posts: 1 Author's bio XMaria Romero Background:
I grew up in Boston, Massachusetts, where my parents decided to emigrate. Though I grew up feeling a New Englander, my parents never ceased to talk about their home in Galicia, and their childhood and early years together. Every few years, we would come to Galicia on vacation for a month or two, and I loved to play with cousins, and being free to run through woods and fields.
When they reached retirement age, they dragged me, an only child, back with them. I kicked and screamed, but in time grew to love this land, and formed a family here. I will always cherish my Boston childhood, but now I wouldn't give up living in Galicia for anything. It's my home.
Please check out my Spanish Views blog. You can also reach me via email.
Posts by the author (1)
There is entertainment of most kinds during the year in the bigger cities. There are concerts and festivals. In June this year will be the second edition of O Son do Camiño, held in Santiago. Names such as David Guetta and Iggy Pop are prominent. In July there's a folk festival in Ortigueira, with folk groups and singers from all over the world. Also in July there's a hard rock/heavy metal festival in Ortigueira. Last year KISS and Scorpions were headliners. There are other scattered concerts, including Festival do Noroeste in A Coruña, in August, with Patti Smith performing, and other, one-performer concerts. There are other, quieter concerts, as well. Various operas are also put on, and there are classical music concerts. There's all different kinds of music to fit different tastes.
For those with a simpler outlook on life, and who look for communion with nature, green Galicia doesn't let them down. Kilometers of beaches line the coast, admittedly some packed in summer, but a few gems are still undiscovered. Inland, there's farmland that stretches to wooded hills, speckled with small villages and solitary houses. There are small interior treasures, such as the abandoned monastery of San Pedro de Roca in Esgos, Ourense. There is a restored building that houses an ethnic museum and talks about the small monastery that used to be there. Behind it, what remains of the monastery can be visited, including a chapel dug into the rock. It has the peculiarity of man-sized tombs carved into the stone floor, where the monks were laid to rest when their days of prayer were done. The area that surrounds it has paths that can be followed deep into the woods. The canopy of green makes one expect to come face to face with a fairy around the trunk of a tree.
With all its green and bucolic beauty, the interior of Galicia is being abandoned. With few jobs, most young people move to the cities or other regions of Spain. Villages that once thrived are reduced to one or two old men and women who can't abandon their ancestral homes until they go to their rest. Entire villages are up for sale, ready for whoever can buy them and restore them. Some have already been bought and restored, and serve multiple purposes. A few have been turned into rural hotels. Greater peace cannot be found.
Some of that farmland contains dairy farms with hundreds of cows. Driving down a country lane in the interior, one might find a cheese factory. Many of these small factories are family-owned, and produce cheese mostly by hand, only employing the most basic machinery to make sure quality is maintained. Few of these cheeses can be bought outside the area, and certainly not in the big supermarkets. The same goes with small wineries. Along the Ribeira Sacra in the north of Ourense and south of Lugo, steep hills are still planted with vineyards. Some were first planted by the Romans two thousand years ago. Machinery can't be introduced on those slopes, and maintenance is done by hand, as well as grape picking. A drive along those hills in September will reveal groups of people working, picking ripe, reddish purple clusters of grapes, and packing black, open-work boxes on the backs of the tractors that will take them to be squished into the lifeblood of a Galician meal.
That wine will pair well with the seafood that regales the shores. Crabs, scallops, lobsters, clams, cockles, and percebes (tasty barnacles) are the highlight of a visit to a seaside market place. They are not particularly cheap, but there is not one house that doesn't buy at least one kilo of clams for a celebratory dinner of one kind or another. On feast days and Christmas (most especially Christmas), there is no house that doesn't serve one or two dishes of seafood. Most people buy fresh. There is frozen seafood to be had, at cheaper prices, but it's not local. Galicians heartily believe that their seafood is the tastiest in the world, and well worth the extra euros.
What is on almost every table at least once a week, especially in winter, is caldo Gallego. In its most glorious sense, it's a two plate meal. It consists of potatoes, leafy greens, navy beans, salt pork, chourizos, and sometimes beef or chicken. Before getting to the meat and potatoes, the broth is skimmed off and served like a soup. Then, it's a matter of putting the vegetables on the plate, and slicing off the meat one wants. The salt pork can easily consist of half a pig's head, preserved in salt, and soaked before cooking in fresh water. The chourizos might be simple, or might be a butelo, common in Lugo. A butelo is larger and filled with different cuts of meat. There is a festival dedicated to caldo Gallego in Lalín, Pontevedra, that takes place every year around Carnival, which is when the dish is traditionally consumed.
To those who like to sit to a good table, there are food festivals of all kinds, from the caldo Gallego, to percebes. These are a kind of barnacle that are collected from rocks where the waves break by valiant men and women who risk their lives to earn their livelihood. Clams in green sauce from Carril, outside Vilagarcía, have their own festival. And there's no midsummer bonfire complete without roasted sardines, preferably fished in Rianxo, famous for its sardines.
Galicia is a region of contrasts, from the cool and rainy northeast coast, to the thundering waves of the Costa da Morte on the northwest side, to the calm, sunny beaches of the southwest shore, to the green mountains of Lugo, to the parched interior of Ourense, to the rolling farmland of the central plateau. There's something here for everyone.
Retirement locations, Travel
Let's Run, or Walk …
Celebrate Older Americans Month – May 2019
Sharon Leaf
Your post describes Spain as a wonderful destination. My husband and I were in Valencia and Barcelona for a total of 21 days, touring mostly by train. I love wine. My hubs loves Sangria. We both love payao (sp?)
Our son and his girlfriend will be flying to Spain to walk the famous trail you write about. I'm forwarding your blog to them. At 73, I'm still a traveler, both international and across the USA in our 40-foot motor home. I wish you oceans of travel blessings!
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
package korolev.testkit

import korolev.Context
import korolev.Context.{Binding, ComponentEntry, ElementId}
import levsha.Document.Node
import levsha.events.EventId
import levsha.{Id, IdBuilder, RenderContext, XmlNs}

import scala.annotation.tailrec

sealed trait PseudoHtml {

  import PseudoHtml._

  def id: Id

  def find(f: PseudoHtml => Boolean): List[PseudoHtml] = {
    @tailrec def aux(acc: List[Element], rest: List[PseudoHtml]): List[Element] = rest match {
      case Nil => acc
      case (_: Text) :: xs => aux(acc, xs)
      case (e: Element) :: xs if f(e) => aux(e :: acc, xs ::: e.children)
      case (e: Element) :: xs => aux(acc, xs ::: e.children)
    }
    aux(Nil, List(this))
  }

  def findElement(f: Element => Boolean): List[Element] = {
    @tailrec def aux(acc: List[Element], rest: List[PseudoHtml]): List[Element] = rest match {
      case Nil => acc
      case (_: Text) :: xs => aux(acc, xs)
      case (e: Element) :: xs if f(e) => aux(e :: acc, xs ::: e.children)
      case (e: Element) :: xs => aux(acc, xs ::: e.children)
    }
    aux(Nil, List(this))
  }

  def byAttribute(name: String, f: String => Boolean): List[Element] =
    findElement(_.attributes.get(name).exists(f))

  def byClass(clazz: String): List[Element] =
    byAttribute("class", _.indexOf(clazz) > -1)

  def byName(name: String): List[Element] =
    byAttribute("name", _ == name)

  def byTag(tagName: String): List[PseudoHtml] =
    findElement(_.tagName == tagName)

  def mkString: String = {
    def aux(node: PseudoHtml, ident: String): String = node match {
      case Text(id, value) => s"$ident$value <!-- ${id.mkString} -->"
      case Element(id, _, tagName, attributes, styles, children) =>
        val renderedAttributes = attributes
          .map { case (k, v) => s"""$k="$v"""" }
          .mkString(" ")
        val renderedStyles = if (styles.nonEmpty) {
          val s = styles
            .map { case (k, v) => s"""$k: $v""" }
            .mkString("; ")
          s""" style="$s""""
        } else {
          " "
        }
        val renderedChildren = children.map(aux(_, ident + "  ")).mkString("\n")
        s"$ident<$tagName$renderedStyles$renderedAttributes> <!-- ${id.mkString} -->\n$renderedChildren\n$ident</$tagName>"
    }
    aux(this, "")
  }

  def text: String
}

object PseudoHtml {

  case class Element(id: Id,
                     ns: XmlNs,
                     tagName: String,
                     attributes: Map[String, String],
                     styles: Map[String, String],
                     children: List[PseudoHtml]) extends PseudoHtml {

    lazy val text: String =
      children.foldLeft("")(_ + _.text)
  }

  case class Text(id: Id, value: String) extends PseudoHtml {
    val text: String = value
  }

  private class PseudoDomRenderContext[F[_], S, M] extends RenderContext[Binding[F, S, M]] {

    val idBuilder = new IdBuilder(256)
    var currentChildren: List[List[PseudoHtml]] = List(Nil)
    var currentNode = List.empty[(XmlNs, String)]
    var currentAttrs = List.empty[(XmlNs, String, String)]
    var currentStyles = List.empty[(String, String)]

    var elements = List.empty[(levsha.Id, ElementId)]
    var events = List.empty[(EventId, Context.Event[F, S, M])]

    def openNode(xmlns: XmlNs, name: String): Unit = {
      currentNode = (xmlns, name) :: currentNode
      currentChildren = Nil :: currentChildren
      currentAttrs = Nil
      currentStyles = Nil
      idBuilder.incId()
      idBuilder.incLevel()
    }

    def closeNode(name: String): Unit = {
      idBuilder.decLevel()
      val (xmlns, _) :: currentNodeTail = currentNode
      val children :: currentChildrenTail = currentChildren
      val c2 :: cct2 = currentChildrenTail
      val node = PseudoHtml.Element(
        id = idBuilder.mkId,
        ns = xmlns,
        tagName = name,
        attributes = currentAttrs.map(x => (x._2, x._3)).toMap,
        styles = currentStyles.toMap,
        children = children.reverse
      )
      currentNode = currentNodeTail
      currentChildren = (node :: c2) :: cct2
    }

    def setAttr(xmlNs: XmlNs, name: String, value: String): Unit = {
      currentAttrs = (xmlNs, name, value) :: currentAttrs
    }

    def setStyle(name: String, value: String): Unit = {
      currentStyles = (name, value) :: currentStyles
    }

    def addTextNode(text: String): Unit = {
      idBuilder.incId()
      val children :: xs = currentChildren
      val updatedChildren = PseudoHtml.Text(idBuilder.mkId, text) :: children
      currentChildren = updatedChildren :: xs
    }

    def addMisc(misc: Binding[F, S, M]): Unit = {
      idBuilder.decLevel()
      misc match {
        case ComponentEntry(c, p, _) =>
          val rc = this.asInstanceOf[RenderContext[Context.Binding[F, Any, Any]]]
          c.render(p, c.initialState).apply(rc)
        case elementId: ElementId =>
          elements = (idBuilder.mkId, elementId) :: elements
        case event: Context.Event[F, S, M] =>
          val eventId = EventId(idBuilder.mkId, event.`type`, event.phase)
          events = (eventId, event) :: events
      }
      idBuilder.incLevel()
    }
  }

  case class RenderingResult[F[_], S, M](pseudoDom: PseudoHtml,
                                         elements: Map[levsha.Id, ElementId],
                                         events: Map[EventId, Context.Event[F, S, M]])

  def render[F[_], S, M](node: Node[Binding[F, S, M]]): RenderingResult[F, S, M] = {

    val rc = new PseudoDomRenderContext[F, S, M]()
    node(rc)
    val (top :: _) :: _ = rc.currentChildren
    RenderingResult(top, rc.elements.toMap, rc.events.toMap)
  }

}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Avengers: Endgame tops the box office for third week running
By Maureen Lee Lenker
May 12, 2019 at 12:55 PM EDT
For the third week in a row, the Avengers have assembled at the box office.
The juggernaut of the Marvel Cinematic Universe Avengers: Endgame takes first place once again with an estimated take of $63 million across 4,662 theaters. Internationally the film banked another $102.3 million bringing its global total to $2.5 billion, which puts it in spitting distance of the all-time record of Avatar's $2.9 billion. This weekend the superhero powered blockbuster also became the third-highest grossing film of all time domestically, surpassing Avengers: Infinity War and Black Panther with an estimated $724 million.
While no one has the power just yet to topple the Avengers, there were four new releases, all of which made the top ten. Rounding out the top three is two new titles — Pokemon Detective Pikachu and The Hustle.
Another hero in his own right, Detective Pikachu, put up a solid fight at the box office. It takes second place with a fabulous $58 million opening across 4,202 theaters. The film merges animation and live action to bring beloved Pokémon characters to life, most notably the yellow furry Pikachu, voiced here by Ryan Reynolds. Not adjusted for inflation, it's the highest opening ever for a feature film in the Pokémon franchise.
Pikachu teams up with a human partner, Tim (Justice Smith), to solve the mystery of Tim's missing father. Directed by Rob Letterman, the film also features the voice talents of Bill Nighy, Ken Watanabe, Justice Smith, and Kathryn Newton. There's a strong chance the film could continue to exceed expectations, given mostly warm reviews and a solid A- CinemaScore.
Christian Black/Metro Goldwyn Mayer Pictures
Another new title, Anne Hathaway and Rebel Wilson starrer The Hustle, takes the third spot with an estimated debut of $13.5 million across 3,007 theaters. Hathaway and Wilson star as scam artists up competing to swindle a tech prodigy out of his fortune in this semi-gender-bent remake of Dirty Rotten Scoundrels. Wilson also produced the film.
The Hustle exceeded expectations in its debut, despite largely lackluster reviews and a disappointing B- CinemaScore. Directed by Chris Addison, the United Artists release from MGM, who produced and financed the film, also stars Bruno Sevilla and Alex Sharp. It marks Hathaway's sixteenth biggest opening, which is still a vast improvement over the dreadful $4.4 million opening of Serenity earlier this year.
Kyle Bono Kaplan/STXfilms
Despite its seemingly perfect placement of a Mother's Day weekend opener, the Diane Keaton-led Poms fell short of expectations, taking sixth place with an estimated $5.1 million across 2,750 theaters. Produced by eOne and distributed by STX, the film stars Keaton as Martha, a woman who moves into a retirement community and starts a cheerleading squad with her fellow residents. Directed by Zara Hayes, the film also stars Pam Grier, Jacki Weaver, Alisha Boe, Phyllis Somerville, Charlie Tahan, Bruce McGill, Rhea Perlman, and Celia Weston.
The film did hit its target audience, playing to a crowd that was 75 percent female and 85 percent 25 or older. It received a solid B+ CinemaScore, which might help boost its success in the coming weeks. Poms falls significantly short of last year's similarly older-skewed Diane Keaton vehicle Book Club, which opened to third place with $13.6 million.
The weekend's other buzziest new release, Tolkien, managed to crack the top ten. The biopic about Lord of the Rings author J.R.R. Tolkien takes ninth place with an estimated $2.2 million in ticket sales across 1,495 location. Nicholas Hoult stars at the titular writer in a film that explores how his wife and wartime experiences inspired much of his writing. Directed by Dome Karukoski, the film also stars Lily Collins and Colm Meaney.
The Fox Searchlight project did modestly well given its smaller number of theaters, middling reviews, and lack of support from the Tolkien family. Setting aside the massive success of the ensemble work of the X-Men films, this project marks a solid opening for Hoult as a leading man as his seventh biggest opening outside of those titles. Even including the X-Men franchise, it still lands in Hoult's top ten openings of all time.
Two holdovers from last week round out the top five — Sony's thriller The Intruder and Lionsgate's R-rated rom-com Long Shot. The Dennis Quaid-led The Intruder lands in fourth place with $6.6 million across 2,222 theaters. Buoyed by positive reviews and word-of-mouth, Long Shot takes fifth place $6.1 million across 3,230 theaters. The Seth Rogen-Charlize Theron comedy only fell by 37 percent from its first weekend, which suggests stronger staying power than last week's opening numbers might project.
Overall box office is down 8.5 percent to date, according to Comscore, a number which is steadily increasing as Endgame drives totals higher. Check out the May 10-12 numbers below.
1. Avengers: Endgame — $63 million
2. Pokemon Detective Pikachu— $58 million
3. The Hustle — $13.5 million
4. The Intruder— $6.6 million
5. Long Shot— $6.1 million
6. Poms— $5.1 million
7. Uglydolls — $3.9 million
8. Breakthrough— $2.5 million
9. Tolkien— $2.2 million
10. Captain Marvel— $1.8 million
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Avengers: Endgame tops the box office for third week running


text:
var express = require('express');

var cookieParser = require('cookie-parser');
var session = require('express-session');
var settings = require('./settings/settings');

var list_routes = require('./routes/list');
var post_routes = require('./routes/post');

var app = express();
app.enable('strict routing');
//app.use(cookieParser());
app.use(session({
  name:settings.cookieName,
  secret:settings.cookieSecret,
  cookie:{
    maxAge: 172800000 //两天
  }
}));

app.use('*',function(req,res,next){
  res.set({
    'Content-Type':'application/json;charset=UTF-8'
  });

  res.header('Access-Control-Allow-Headers', 'Content-Type,api_key,Authorization');
  res.header('Access-Control-Allow-Methods', 'GET,PUT,DELETE,PUT,PATCH,OPTIONS');
  res.header('Access-Control-Allow-Origin', '*');
  next();
});

list_routes(app);
post_routes(app);

module.exports = app;


text:
The Alternative Elite
Dave Toropov '07
As a Hilary Duff video on the Disney Channel hypnotized my nine year old sister last night, I observed the painfully mechanical, flashy visuals that accompanied the song's tiresome, repetitive melodies (The beat of my heart!/ The beat of my heart!/ The beat of my heart!). I was filled with a sense of disappointment and heartbreak. Why can't anyone make a record not just to suck twelve dollars from my sister's piggy bank, but to actually communicate some real, honest-to-God emotion and feeling? When I find myself swamped in this frustration and antipathy over the current state of popular music (which I occurs more and more frequently) that I take refuge in the Blues. But not just any Blues will drown my pain. I'm talking real, gritty, dirty, Me & The Devil Blues. For any music to be worth paying any attention to, especially the Blues, there needs to be a serious sense of urgency- a feeling that the man is playing for no other purpose than to desperately lick his wounds and bait the Hounds of Hell off of his trail. For the most part, recordings that contain this element of painful authenticity are limited to those made by the bluesmen of the mid-1920s to the early 1940s. Men like Skip James, Robert Johnson, and Blind Willie Johnson, who produced some of the most raw and candid records of the last century. Son House's Original Delta Blues is the last stand of this epic and lost art form. The Robert Johnson collection, King of the Delta Blues Singers, released in the mid-60s, sparked a massive blues revival on both sides of the Atlantic, exerting an incalculable influence on legendary rock artists such as The Rolling Stones, Bob Dylan, Led Zeppelin, and Eric Clapton. With this newfound reverence, even worship, of the work of the founding Bluesmen, a widespread search began for any of these forgotten heroes who could still pick up a guitar. Unfortunately, as a result of the hard lifestyle that plagued many of these men, most of them had passed away. Son House, however, endured. Born in 1902 near Lyon, Mississippi, House developed a passion for the Baptist Church and became a preacher. He suffered a falling-out from the Church however when he had an affair with a much older woman. Subsequently, and quite appropriately, House learned to play the Blues. House shot and killed a man in 1928 and was sentenced to two years of hard labor. Upon his release, he resumed playing and became an enormous personal influence on Robert Johnson. After recording for the Library of Congress in 1941, Son House retired from the Blues scene. Once the aforementioned Blues Revival sparked, though, House was called upon to revisit his troubled past and record, which he agreed to do. Thus, for three days in April 1965, armed with only his powerful, weathered voice and a steel-bodied National guitar, Son House brought back the glory days of the Blues. Although he had not recorded in over twenty years, House sounds completely natural and extremely powerful. He conveys the emotions of a man who has stared the Devil in the face all his life and is desperately seeking to finally close his eyes. The songs themselves, all written by House except for the traditional spiritual "John The Revelator," are brilliant pieces of storytelling. They manage to escape the tired, repetitive method of Blues songwriting of many of even the greatest legends. Additionally, House is unafraid to explore the songs to their fullest capacity, as most of the songs are more than five or six minutes long, including the epic nine-plus minute "Levee Camp Moan," in contrast to the quick, two minute blitzes done by most of his contemporaries. Like most of my favorite albums, I was at first intimidated by The Original Delta Blues. The hardened vocals, which particularly shine in the two a cappella cuts, "John The Revelator" and "Grinnin' In Your Face," are tough to digest initially. Moreover, the album's length made it difficult to appreciate the entire collection in one sitting. However, once the listener overcomes these minor hurdles and becomes fully acquainted with the album, the music possesses a raw power and candor that most musicians can only fantasize about. If indeed we give up hope on modern popular music, and the charts are dominated by a thousand Hilary Duffs, at least we have men like Son House to remind us why people picked up a guitar and started singing in the first place. Go ahead and preach, Sonny.


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White House – dzielnica miasta Ipswich w Anglii, w hrabstwie Suffolk
 White House – miasto w Stanach Zjednoczonych, w stanie Tennessee, w hrabstwie Robertson
 White House – miejscowość na południowym wybrzeżu wyspy Jamajka, w regionie Westmoreland
 White House – duet polskich producentów hip-hopowych założony w 1997 we Wrocławiu

Zobacz też:
 Whitehouse
 Biały Dom (ujednoznacznienie)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Home / Latest / WHAT EVER HAPPENED TO JAVI MORENO?
WHAT EVER HAPPENED TO JAVI MORENO?
By Sam Hughes
Updated: 18 November, 2011
Back in 2001, big clubs across Europe were vying for the signature of a star Spanish striker who had scored 21 league goals and helped his team to a European cup final.
Barcelona and Valencia were favourites but, in the end, AC Milan beat both Spanish sides with a £5.6 million deal for the player.
Alongside his new strike partners – Shevchenko and Inzaghi – the new acquisition seemed likely to set the Rossoneri alight with his goal scoring prowess.
Years later, though, the same man was deemed surplus to requirements at Bolton Wanderers.
So, what exactly happened to Javi Moreno?
After beginning his professional career at FC Barcelona B, he moved through a couple of lower league clubs before signing for Deportivo Alavés.
Following an uninspiring spell in the Basque Country he joined CD Numancia where Moreno first hit some real form, as his goals – 18 in 39 appearances – helped them to promotion to La Liga in the 98/99 season.
The performances convinced Alavés to offer him a second spell and Moreno became the one of the main men in a team that shocked and surprised throughout the 2000/01 season by reaching the UEFA Cup Final in 2001.
Although Alavés did narrowly lose 4-5 in a thrilling final to Liverpool, Moreno bagged two goals in three minutes and Europe took notice.
The Spanish international was a hard worker with a composed finished, and his relatively cheap release fee caused a scramble for his signature
When the move was confirmed, AC Milan vice-president Adriano Galliani excitedly described his new signing as: "a physically strong front striker, who reminds you a bit of Gerd Muller and a bit of Boninsegna."
High praise, indeed, but this was about as good as it got for Moreno during his time in Milan.
The rigid, physical and tactical battles of Serie A proved too much for Moreno as he struggled to impose himself at the San Siro.
The game became too demanding and the Spanish striker, who was a self-confessed over-eater and lover of a relaxed lifestyle, struggled to stay sharp enough to earn a place in the starting line-up.
His solitary season in Italy ended with 16 appearances and just two goals to show for it.
Both he and AC Milan sought to end the disaster as soon as possible.
A move back home to the newly promoted Atletico Madrid was finalised and Moreno was expected to hit the dizzy heights of his Alavés days once again.
Things did not materialise as planned though and the familiar surroundings did not quite have the desired effect.
Goals were still hard to come by as lifestyle problems and weight issues became a problem for the player.
Moreno struggled to establish himself in the side and the emergence of a young Fernando Torres added to his problems.
He was offered the chance to find form by perennial career resurrector Sam Allardyce at Bolton Wanderers but, by then, he seemed to be unable to cut it in the top divisions of the game any longer.
He appeared sparingly as David Villa's understudy at Real Zaragoza before finally dropping down the divisions to his old club Córdoba CF.
He found his level at the Andalusian club and helped them to promotion with 24 goals in 32 appearances in Segunda Division B.
His career ended in 2010 after the obligatory tour at a couple of lower league clubs.
Unfortunately for Javi Moreno, his exploits for Alavés proved to be the beginning of the end rather than a springboard to go onto greater things.
Perhaps he overachieved by scoring so many goals in La Liga and Europe for that one season.
His performances were certainly writing cheques that his talent couldn't quite cash.
It does seem as though Moreno had come to a similar conclusion, in an interview with Spanish TV he said of his big move to Milan: "You need something extra to triumph at a club like that and I probably didn't have it. I'm not ashamed to say it, but maybe it was all too much for me."
He may well have lacked that 'something extra' but Moreno can still say he was once one of the most coveted strikers in Europe, a Spanish international and even played with two of the best strikers in world football – Fernando Torres and David Villa.
Not too bad for a one-season wonder.
deportivo alaves uefa cup finalfeaturedjavi morenomilanmoreno transfer to bolton wandererswhat happened to javi moreno
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Emerging Writers Institute creative writing camp is a two-week summer writing program for teens. Rising 10th-12th graders experience a unique curriculum designed to develop and support students' imaginative writing across literary genres. This creative writing summer program encourages students to challenge themselves technically and artistically through guided daily writing workshops, one-on-one instructor evaluations, group editing sessions, and creative presentations of their work. Moreover, the participants in the program will be uniquely positioned to profit from the literary culture of the San Francisco Bay Area. By the program's conclusion, students will produce and perfect quality pieces suitable for publication in their own literary magazine and professional teen publications.
What makes our summer creative writing programs so distinctive?
A curricular emphasis in expressive writing as a process rather than in rules or formulas - students will discover and refine their own voices
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Seminars to ready students' work for professional submission to youth publications, such as the Claremont Review, The Writer's Slate, Stone Soup, and Teen Ink
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Specific Skill Development
This creative writing summer program encourages students to challenge themselves technically and artistically through guided daily writing workshops, one-on-one instructor evaluations, group editing sessions, and creative presentations of their work. Emphasis is placed in expressive writing as a process rather than in rules or formulas. Instructors consistently encourage students to discover and refine their own unique voices. We know that successful writers are also critical and voracious readers; as a result, the inclusion of reading exercises and analysis are woven into the program as an essential tool for growth.
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EWI is conducted in a seminar-style environment were students improve their craft through regular feedback from peers and instructors. Students will also receive inspiration from off-campus, instructor-led activities designed to introduce them to the literary culture surrounding their college campus.
In EWI, Students select a major focus area called a Writer's Block. In each Writer's Block, students read classic and contemporary examples of the genre, craft and hone their writing composition, and prepare to present their piece to an audience of readers and listeners.
This year's Writer's Blocks may include:
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Participants in the program will be uniquely positioned to profit from the literary culture of the San Francisco Bay Area. One benefit of these seminars is to ready students' work for professional submission to youth publications, such as the Claremont Review, The Writer's Slate, Stone Soup, and Teen Ink. By the program's conclusion, students will produce and refine quality pieces suitable for publication in their own literary magazine and professional teen publications.
By the end of the week, students will share polished pieces for publication in their own literary magazine and present their work in an informal reading for on the final day of camp. At the conclusion of the summer season, their piece will be published in an impressive anthology that will be mailed home to families.
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Rising 10th-12th Grade Students
Emerging Writers Institute creative writing camp is a two-week summer writing program for teens. Rising 10th-12th graders experience a unique curriculum designed to develop and support students' imaginative writing across literary genres.
NOTE: The offering of majors is based upon enrollment and student needs, which varies substantially. Our diverse afternoon workshops have included nontraditional writing genres, such as speech writing, 'zine creation, graphic novels, journalism, nature writing, and advertising copy. These courses seek to engage students with diverse material. Furthermore, the program recruits guest speakers from the publishing industry and Bay Area authors to give readings and answer questions about literary life and labor.
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Day Camper: Day Campers check in on Monday morning from 8:00-8:30am and then enjoy curriculum Monday-Friday from 9am to 5pm. Meals are not provided with Day Camp Tuition - campers can bring a sack lunch or can purchase our optional Lunch package for $40 (includes lunch in the dining hall Monday-Friday).
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Overnight: Overnight campers check in before dinner on Sunday and check out at 5pm on Friday. All meals and shared dorm accommodations are provided.
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Emerging Writers Institute 10th-12th 10 - 12	 Stanford University	 Jul 14, 2019 Jul 27, 2019
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Education Unlimited believes in small-group, immersive learning with subject matter experts and experienced teachers. We strive to provide industry-leading instruction to all of our students and hold all staff to the highest possible standards. Staff assignments vary by program and location. Some of our recent staff members for this program include:
Elizabeth Bull, MFA - Camp Director
Elizabeth Bull is a writer and filmmaker. Her writing has been published in various journals, including the Los Angeles Review of Books, H.O.W. Journal, Third Coast Magazine, and Gulf Coast; her work has been nominated for two Pushcart Prizes. Her involvement in television and film began at AMC Networks, where she worked in original series development during the creation of "Mad Men" and "Breaking Bad." In addition to writing and directing several short films, she co-wrote the feature film "Song of Sway Lake," released in the fall of 2017. Elizabeth has also co-produced two feature films and a television series for Fuse.
Elizabeth received her Bachelor's degree from the School of Theater, Film, and Television at the University of California Los Angeles. She also holds a Master in Fine Arts degree in Creative Writing (Fiction) from The New School in New York City. In addition, she has studied directing at the Dun Laoghaire Institute of Art, Design, and Technology in Dublin, Ireland on a Rotary International Fellowship. She has taught writing at the University of Zadar in Croatia on a Fulbright Fellowship. Elizabeth has been with Education Unlimited since 2010.
Ploy Pirapokin, MFA - Instructor
Ploy Pirapokin is a writer and instructor currently teaching Nonfiction for the Creative Nonfiction Foundation. She is also an adjunct instructor for the University of Los Angeles Extension program and does freelance training for The Writer, a global brand language agency. Ploy has a Master of Fine Arts in Creative Writing from San Francisco State University and a Bachelor's degree in Communication Studies and English from the University of San Diego. During her time at SFSU, Ploy lectured in Creative Writing and also worked as a Creative Writing Admissions Reader for the MFA and MA program.
Ploy's own work has been featured in Tor.com, Apogee Journal, Entropy Magazine, the Bellingham Review, HYPHEN Magazine and more. She has received multiple Pushcart Prize nominations for her work. She is a Writing by Writers Workshop at Tomales Bay fellow, a Community of Writers at Squaw Valley scholar, and was a Visiting Writer at the New York Mills Regional Cultural Center. She has been the recipient of grants and fellowships from the San Francisco Arts Commission, the Ragdale Foundation, the Anderson Center, the Brush Creek Foundation for the Arts, Kundiman and others.
Brett Shanley, MFA - Instructor
Brett Shanley is a writer and English lecturer currently pursuing a PhD at Columbia University in New York City. Prior to his doctoral work, Brett received his Master of Fine Arts in Creative Writing - Nonfiction from The New School in NYC. In addition to his dissertation research, which looks at methods of promoting sincere engagement between undergraduate writers and the work that they produce, Brett lectures in advanced writing at Pace University. Brett has been teaching in the classroom and at academic camps since 2012, and it was these experiences that inspired his dissertation topic. He has been an instructor with Education Unlimited since 2014, teaching both creative and academic writing.
In addition to his advanced degrees, Brett also has a Bachelor of Arts degree in Anthropology and German from University of Oregon. In the rare moments that Brett is not working on his research or teaching, his favorite thing to do is enjoy time in New York City's famed Central Park with his fiance and their dog Huxley.
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BEDA (Bureau of European Design Associations) held its membership meetingin Saint-Étienne on 9 March.
At the European design organisation's annual general assembly the membership elected its Board of Directors for the term 2012-2014, ratified four new members, and launched an important toolbox on its website to help designers. As an expression of its continued recognition of the Hungarian Design Council's international role, BEDA elected Szonja Szesztai of the Office of HDC into its biannually renewed board, thus further strengthening Hungary's role in the region.


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Q: How many $\alpha \in S_n$ are there with $\alpha^2 = 1$? How many $\alpha \in S_n$ are there with $\alpha^2 = 1$?
I want to use just linear algebra, I have done it using combinatorics but in class that does not work, can I get a little help? What I know is that
(i j) = (j i) and (i j)(k I) =
(k l)(i j).


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This work tested two V2O5-WO3/TiO2 catalysts with different vanadium precursors for selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of flue gas NO using NH3 at 150–450 °C. While catalyst A was prepared using ammonium metavanadate (NH4VO3) through incipient impregnation, catalyst B was made according to the solvothermal method using vanadyl acetylacetonate (VO(acac)2) as the vanadium precursor. The catalytic evaluation for denitration was in a laboratory fixed bed reactor using simulated flue gas under conditions of a gas hourly space velocity (GHSV) of 40,000 h−1 and an NH3/NO molar ratio of 0.8. Without SO2 and water vapor in the flue gas at 200 °C, the realized NO conversion was 56% for catalyst A but 80% for B. The presence of 350 ppm SO2 and 10 vol. % water vapor in the flue gas slightly reduced the NO conversion over catalyst B, and its activity was stable in a 108-h continuous test at temperatures varying from 450 °C to 220 °C. Via fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and thermogravimetric (TG) analysis, it was shown that over catalyst B a dynamic balance between the formation and decomposition of ammonium sulfite or sulfate is built possibly at temperatures as low as 220 °C. For this catalyst there was a higher surface atomic concentration of vanadium and a higher ratio of V4+/(V4+ + V5+), while the NH3 adsorption test revealed more acidic sites on catalyst B. The study discloses a potentially new approach to prepare a V2O5-WO3/TiO2 catalyst with good performance for SCR of flue gas NO at 220–300 °C.
Nitrogen oxides (NOx) including NO, NO2 and N2O remain as one of the major sources of air pollution, which greatly contribute to the greenhouse effect, ozone depletion, and formation of photochemical smog, acid rain, and particulate matters . Many countries have made stringent emission limits for flue gases from combustion facilities and vehicles. For China, the NOx from stationary combustion including power boilers and industrial furnaces takes about 70% of the total NOx emission, while this is about 30% from vehicles. The former has been paid much more attention by far to control in the last ten years, making the contribution of vehicles gradually bigger in the actual emission of NOx into air. The pattern of air pollution in some big cities has been shifting from coal-burning pollution to traffic pollution .
The selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NOx by NH3 in the presence of excessive oxygen is a well-proven and widely-applied technology for controlling NOx from stationary power stations and diesel engines [3,4,5,6]. Many efforts have been made in the development of catalyst and reaction systems for SCR [7,8,9]. V2O5-WO3/TiO2 and V2O5-MoO3/TiO2 catalysts have been widely used for decades. However, these catalysts are efficient only within a relatively narrow temperature window of 300–400 °C, which could not meet the actual demand for NOx removal in industrial combustion utilities and city buses with diesel engines. The flue gas exhaust temperatures are usually 150–300 °C for industrial combustion facilities including industrial steam boilers, with two thirds of them above 200 °C [10,11]. Power boilers have also 20% of their working time at low load and start-up or shut-down to exhaust low-temperature flue gas, say at 250–300 °C, before the economizer. For diesel vehicles driving in steady state, the temperature of the exhaust gas is between 180 and 280 °C but it can also reach 440 °C when the engine runs at high speed . By on-road evaluation of the Euro IV vehicle emission factors, Fu et al.  reported that the NOx emission factor for urban and suburban driving is higher than that for freeway driving. Their NOx emission factors are higher than the Euro IV limits because of their low exhaust temperatures. Li et al.  reported that the State IV transit bus equipped with SCR system has exhaust gas at low temperatures and high NOx emission. Therefore, it is urgent to explore how to reduce the NOx emission at low flue gas temperatures at 200 to 400 °C, which has considerable application not only to industrial combustion facilities but also to diesel engines.
Many efforts have been made to develop high-performance low-temperature SCR catalysts. The use of some transition metals has attracted great attention, including Mn, Ce, Cu, Fe, Ag, Pt, Pd, Rh, and Co [15,16,17,18,19,20,21]. Qi et al. [19,20,21] found that the Mn-Ce mixed-oxide catalyst yielded nearly 100% NO conversion at 120 °C, and the concentration of N2O increased with raising the temperature and manganese content. This catalyst was within a narrow temperature window of 100–200 °C but it would be hard to use for flue gases containing SO2 and water vapor exhaust, for example, from coal-burning facilities and diesel engines. Yu et al.  verified the non-recoverable deactivation of Mn-base catalyst for the formation of manganese sulfate.
Transition metal acetylacetonate complexes, e.g., VO(acac)2 [22,23,24,25], Cr(acac)3 , and Cu(acac)2  have been used as support of catalysts or to prepare thin-film catalyst (acac = acetylacetonate, C5H7O2). Vanadyl acetylacetonate (VO(acac)2) is shown to be a good vanadium precursor for synthesizing oxovanadium complexes [28,29,30]. The replacement of an acetylacetonato ligand by bidentate and tridentate chiral ligands provides a way of producing optically actively vanadium complexes, which have been extensively used in asymmetric catalysis. In the liquid phase, VO(acac)2 prefers to bond to a silica surface through a hydrogen bond between the acetylacetonate ring and surface silanols. This causes in turn isolated metal ions on the support surface guaranteeing the high dispersion of active sites [31,32]. In addition, Economidis et al.  found that the valence of vanadium in the precursor solution plays a very important role in the synthesis of the catalyst, and the reduction of V5+ to V4+ results in a better-performance catalyst. VO(acac)2 deposited on TiO2, TiO2-SiO2, Al2O3-SiO2, and SBA-15 by liquid or gas phase dispersion techniques has been well studied [22,23,24,34], but there has been little reporting on the use of VO(acac)2 as a vanadium precursor and WO3-TiO2 used as support for the NO reduction catalyst made by the solvothermal method. This work attempts such an idea and is concerned with testing the potential denitration catalyst by the solvothermal preparation method, using VO(acac)2 as the vanadium precursor to realize a wide working-temperature window of, for example, 220–450 °C for NO reduction by NH3 in flue gases containing SO2 and water vapor.
Figure 1a compares the NO conversions realized over the catalysts A to D under similar conditions shown in the experimental section for simulated flue gas without SO2 and water vapor. Comparing the catalysts A and C, which had the same vanadium precursor NH4VO3 but different preparation methods, one can see that there is almost no obvious difference in the realized NO conversion that actually represents the de-NOx activity of a catalyst. For the catalysts B and D using VO(acac)2 as the vanadium precursor, however, their realized de-NOx activities are higher than the catalysts A and C based on NH4VO3 precursor. Furthermore, the catalyst B manifested the best activity at low temperatures. Therefore, for analyzing the potential improvement on low-temperature activity and its mechanism by using different precursors, all tests herein were conducted only for the catalysts A and B.
At high GHSV, the diffusion effect is weak so that the reaction is more subject to kinetic control. As shown in Figure 1b, there was obvious difference in activity for the catalysts A and B at GHSV 240,000 h−1.
Figure 1. (a) NO conversions of four prepared catalysts A to D for simulated flue gas without SO2 and water vapor; (b) NO conversion of catalyst A and B under different GHSV: NH3/NO = 0.8, GHSV 40,000 h−1, and NH3/NO = 0.9, GHSV 240,000 h−1. (Gas compositions in Experimental section).
Figure 2 shows the XRD patterns of the catalysts A and B as well as of the TiO2 support and WO3/TiO2 material (denoted as TiW). All of them were made in this study. Among the TiO2 support, TiW, catalysts A, B, C, and D (the XRD profiles of catalysts C and D were not given here), there are no differences in the shape and position of the diffraction peaks except for the strength. The obtained diffraction patterns for all the samples comply with those of the TiO2 anatase phase. No visible tungsten and vanadium oxides can be observed. Because the concentrations of tungsten and vanadium oxides were too low or well dispersed, for example, as monolayer species which are undetectable by XRD on the surface of TiO2 . The full width at half-maximum (FWHM) of the characteristic peak (with the highest intensity) for the catalyst B (0.22) is smaller than that of the catalyst A (0.47), meaning that the grain size of anatase TiO2 crystal particles on catalyst B were larger than on catalyst A.
Figure 2. X-ray diffraction (XRD) profiles of catalysts A and B and major materials adopted in this study.
Table 1 summarizes the BET surface areas, pore volumes, and pore sizes of the catalysts A and B, TiW and TiO2 support. A significant loss of surface area occurred upon the addition of V2O5 and WO3 into the catalyst samples, possible due to dispersion of such added species into the pores of TiO2 . In Table 1, the specific surface area was 108 m2·g−1 for TiO2 support. After doping with tungsten and vanadium, it decreased to 85 m2·g−1 and 75 m2·g−1 for the catalysts A and B, respectively. Both tungsten and vanadium oxides could be dispersed onto the support to occupy some channels of TiO2 crystallite. Meanwhile, the second calcination after impregnation of the W and V species during the catalyst preparation might also increase the grain size of TiO2 (see Table 1). In addition, the solvothermal method also led to a bigger crystallite size of TiO2. All of these caused lowered surface areas and smaller pore sizes of the catalysts than of the original support.
Table 1. Texture properties of the catalysts A and B and their materials.
a TiO2 crystallite size was calculated from X-ray diffraction (XRD) data.
Table 1 clarifies that the pore volume and average pore diameter of the catalyst B were both larger than those of the catalyst A, indicating that there are more meso, or even macro pores in the catalyst B. Especially, the catalyst B even had a pore diameter bigger than that of the original TiO2 support. Combining with the lowest surface area and relatively higher pore volume of this catalyst, we can suggest that in the preparation of the catalyst B both V and W oxides would mainly exist on micro channels causing more meso and macro pores to remain, indicating deep dispersion of such active metal species onto the TiO2 support. Compared to this, the dispersion of V and W species for the catalyst A would be more onto the meso or macro pores of the TiO2 support, having few meso and macro pores in this catalyst. Essentially, the results demonstrate the great influence of the catalyst preparation method on the catalyst pore and surface characteristics due to, for example, the difference in solvent and precursors. The method for making the catalyst B, which was newly devised in this study and uses toluene as solvent and VO(acac)2 precursor, delivered a better dispersion of the V and W species on TiO2 than the conventional aqueous impregnation method using ammonium metavanadate precursor.
Figure 3. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images at different magnifications of catalysts (a) A; and (b) B.
Figure 3 shows the TEM images for the catalysts A and B at different magnifications. The surface features in Figure 3a1,b1 reveal that the catalysts A and B had obviously spherical primary particles with average particle sizes of 18 nm and 38 nm, respectively. The high-resolution images (HRTEM) in Figure 3a2,b2 further shows that the catalysts were single crystals with an average space of 0.2 nm between the aligned crystal lattice. This shows also the anatase phase of TiO2, as identified by XRD analysis in Figure 2. It suggests that for the catalysts A and B the oxides of tungsten and vanadium, which are the active metallic oxides of the catalysts, were highly dispersed into the lattice structure of TiO2 to closely interact with the TiO2 support.
Figure 4a shows the realized NO conversions for simulated flue gas without SO2 and water vapor at different reaction temperatures over the self-made catalysts A and B, TiO2 and WO3/TiO2 (denoted as TiW). On raising the temperature the NO conversion first increased and then remained constant until finally turning to decrease. This variation tendency is common for SCR catalysts for denitration, but we can see that the temperature window enabling the steady NO conversion was 250–400 °C and 200–400 °C for the catalysts A and B, respectively. This means that the catalyst B had the better low-temperature activity. There was almost no NO reduction over pure TiO2. The NO conversion over TiW was about 75% when the temperature was higher than 350 °C. However, the N2O concentration in the effluent gas shown in Figure 4b reached 73 ppm at such a temperature for TiW indicating its high oxidation to NH3 or bad N2 selectivity for SCR of NO. Consequently, the dispersion of V onto WO3/TiO2 is critical to achieve the activity of the catalyst for SCR of NO.
Figure 4. Evaluation for selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NO at different temperatures over different catalysts: (a) NO conversion and (b) N2O concentration in reacted gas (without SO2 and water vapor in simulated flue gas and gas conditions in Experimental section).
The steady NO conversion for the catalysts A and B were similar and reached a value almost equal to the NH3/NO molar ratio of 0.8. At 150 °C and 200 °C, the NO conversions over catalyst B were 55% and 81%, respectively. These were obviously higher than those of 18% and 56%, realized by catalyst A. Figure 4b shows further that below 400 °C there was no obvious formation of N2O for both the catalysts. All of this shows that the prepared catalysts A and B both allowed good selectivity in SCR of NO with NH3 to form N2 at temperatures below 400 °C. The suitable activity temperature windows are respectively 250–400 °C and 200–400 °C for the catalysts A and B. This proves that the method of liquid-phase impregnation adopted in this study can lead to good low-temperature activity. It is related to the high-degree of dispersion of V and W oxides on the TiO2 support realized by the liquid-phase impregnation. Furthermore, the result proves that the vanadium precursors also affect low-temperature activity. The use of VO(acac)2 via impregnation in toluene enabled the lowest activity temperature of 200 °C for the flue gas without presence of SO2 and water vapor.
Below 300 °C, the poisoning of SO2 and water vapor in the SCR of NO is usually serious because of their adsorption on the catalytic sites in competition with NH3 and NO and the easy formation of NH4HSO4 that hardly decomposes at such temperatures . Figure 5 shows the results from testing the activity stability of the catalysts A and B at 200–450 °C for SCR of NO from flue gas containing 350 ppm SO2 and 10 vol. % water vapor. For comparison, a test over catalyst B was also conducted for the simulated flue gas without SO2 and water vapor, as is shown by the data of the dotted line in Figure 5a. For all the tests, the GHSV was kept at 40,000 h−1 and NH3/NO was at 0.8 to indicate that the results shown below are for such specified conditions.
Figure 5. Stability of catalysts A and B for SCR of NO at 200–450 °C in flue gas with SO2 and water vapor: (a) NO conversion over catalyst B in 108-h test at varied temperatures; (b) SO2 concentration at reactor exit corresponding to (a); (c) NO conversion over catalyst A at 220 °C and 250 °C (see gas conditions in the Experimental section).
Over the catalyst B, Figure 5a shows that its activity was stable at temperatures of 220–450 °C for both the tested gas conditions (with and without SO2 and H2O). Except for the test at 450 °C where the NO conversion was about 76% for both gases, the presence of SO2 and H2O in the flue gas slightly decreased the realized NO conversion. The decrease was below 10%, but it was more obvious at the lower reaction temperature. Decreasing the temperature from 450 °C to 220 °C only slightly lowered the NO conversion, from about 80% to about 72% even for the case with SO2 and water vapor in the flue gas. Corresponding to this, the simultaneously monitored SO2 concentration of the effluent gas from the reactor was constantly about 330 ppm at 220–450 °C but quickly decreased with time for the test at 200 °C (shown in Figure 5b). The latter just corresponded to a rapid decrease in the NO conversion with the progress of the reaction. Figure 5a shows further that without SO2 and H2O in the flue gas there was a final steady NO conversion of about 52%, whereas the presence of SO2 and H2O caused the NO conversion to sharply decrease to below 20% in 6 h to indicate complete deactivation of the catalyst. The corresponding decrease of effluent SO2 concentration was from 330 ppm to below 100 ppm in 6 h.
The preceding results justify the potential application of the catalyst B for denitration from flue gases having temperatures above 220 °C. Meanwhile, Figure 5c shows that the catalyst A prepared in this work is also difficult to function at 220 °C and 250 °C for flue gases containing SO2 and H2O. While it cannot give a steady NO removal at 220 °C, the possibly steady NO removal shown for 250 °C is about 25 percentage points lower (80% to 55%) than that for the case without SO2 and water vapor in the flue gas. This shows that the V impregnation through VO(acac)2 in toluene really granted the catalyst a better low-temperature activity and stability.
Figure 6 shows the FT-IR spectra of fresh and spent catalyst B after the stability tests shown in Figure 5a. There was no obvious difference in the spectra for the fresh and spent catalyst B after 110-h reaction in flue gas without SO2 and water vapor (dotted line in Figure 5a). The presence of SO2 and H2O in the flue gas caused the FT-IR spectrum of the spent catalyst to have some new bands at 1042 cm−1, 1140 cm−1, 1409 cm−1, and 3173 cm−1, respectively. The bands at 1042 cm−1 and 1140 cm−1 are associated with SO42− species, and those at 1409 cm−1 and 3173 cm−1 are due to NH4+ species. Furthermore, the band at 1409 cm−1 represents the asymmetric bending vibrations of NH4+ , while that at 3173 cm−1 indicates the NH stretching .
Figure 6. FT-IR spectra of fresh and spent catalyst B after tests in different simulated flue gases.
Table 2 shows the weight losses at 200–600 °C from TG analysis of spent catalyst after testing SCR of NO at 220 °C for 24 and 48 h in flue gas containing SO2 and water vapor (conditions being the same as stated in the Experimental section). The weight loss of the spent catalyst A tested for 24 h was 2.7% and it increased on prolonging the testing time to reach 5.8% after a 48-h test. In comparison, the catalyst B had much lower weight losses of 1.3% for 24-h test and 1.5% for 48-h test, respectively. All of these justify the formation of (NH4)2SO4 or NH4HSO4 in the NH3-SCR reactions for flue gas containing SO2 and water vapor (H2O), which in turn deposit on the active sites to deactivate the catalyst for SCR of NO . Nonetheless, at high temperatures such as over 300 °C, in the SCR of NO over commercial SCR catalysts the formed ammonium sulfites or sulfates can be decomposed to remove their inhibition on catalytic activity. To have steady catalytic activity, there must be a dynamic balance between the formation and decomposition of ammonium sulfite or sulfate. Thus, for catalyst B, such a dynamic balance can be built at temperatures as low as 220 °C, meaning that this catalyst would facilitate the decomposition of ammonium sulfite or sulfate at the low temperatures of 220–300 °C so that it can work stably at such low temperatures, as is shown in Figure 5a. Nonetheless, more fundamental studies, as worthwhile future work, are needed to justify the facilitated decomposition of ammonium sulfite or sulfate over catalyst B.
Table 2. Weight loss of thermogravimetric (TG) analysis at 200–600 °C for spent catalysts after SCR of NO in gas containing SO2 and water vapor.
Figure 7 compares the NH3-TPD profiles of the catalysts A and B. The NH3 desorption occurred at temperatures above 100 °C for both catalysts but it was not obvious for TiO2 until 800 °C, the highest tested temperature. Thus, there were very few acidic sites on TiO2, although it had a high surface area of about 108 m2·g−1. There are two NH3 desorption peaks demarcated at about 300 °C for catalyst A, while catalyst B showed one major NH3 desorption peak at 175 °C and another shoulder peak starting from 250 °C. These peaks obviously show the existence of acidic sites on the catalysts, and catalyst B had more acidic sites at a low temperature of about 175 °C leading to higher NH3 desorption. On further noting that over TiO2 there was no obvious NO conversion until 400 °C and catalyst B enabled a stoichiometric NO removal of 81% at 200 °C, we can conclude that the activity of a catalyst for SCR of flue gas NO is closely related to the acidic sites on the catalyst surface, and more NH3 adsorption could improve the SCR reaction rate.
Figure 7. NH3-TPD profiles for catalysts A and B and TiO2 support.
Figure 8 presents the XPS spectra of V, O, and Ti given by XPS analyses for the catalysts A and B and also the self-made TiO2 and WO3/TiO2 (TiW). A few ratios of surface atomic concentrations are summarized in Table 2 for elements V, O, and Ti. The Ti 2p XPS spectra in Figure 8a consists of double peaks (Ti 2p1/2 and 2p3/2). For TiO2, the binding energies of these peaks were 464.5 and 458.6 eV, respectively. This indicates that Ti existed in the Ti4+ state on the TiO2 support. With the presence of V and W, the binding energies for such peaks moved to the right side with slightly lower values. Thus, the impregnated V and W would have strong interactions with the TiO2 support. Especially, such a kind of interaction on catalyst B is stronger than on catalyst A because the binding energies of the two peaks are lowest for catalyst B.
The O 1s peaks in Figure 8b could be fitted into two peaks referring to the lattice oxygen (denoted as Oα) at 529.8–530.4 eV and the chemisorbed oxygen (denoted as Oβ) at 531.1–531.9 eV, as shown by the two dotted fitting curves. The peaks of O 1s are shifted to the side with lower binding energy values, and the concentrations of chemisorbed oxygen Oβ gradually increased according to the order of TiO2, TiW, catalyst A, and catalyst B. The ratio of Oβ/(Oα + Oβ) calculated from the areas of the two fractionate peaks was 0.31 for the catalyst B, bigger than those for the others. Jing et al.  reported that chemisorbed oxygen Oβ is the most active oxygen and plays an important role in NH3-SCR of NO. Because the chemisorbed oxygen is more active in oxidation, the high Oβ ratio in catalyst B would accelerate the oxidation of NO during SCR reactions.
Figure 8c displays the XPS spectra for V 2p of the catalysts A and B. There are two cross peaks to represent the V 2P1/2 and V 2P3/2, respectively. Each of them can be further separated into two fractionating peaks to analyze the valence interchange between V4+ and V5+. A similar result should be obtained by treating the peak of either V 2P1/2 or V 2P3/2, and here we take the latter. The fractionate peaks appearing at 515.8 and 516.9 eV can be ascribed to V4+ 2p3/2 and V5+ 2p3/2, respectively. Thus, the V species were in V4+ and V5+ states on the catalysts A and B. The surface atomic ratio of V4+/(V4+ + V5+) was 0.64 for catalyst B (the area ratio of the two fractionated peaks), higher than that for catalyst A (0.41). Zhang et al.  reported that the reduction species V4+ and V3+ were the active sites for the formation of superoxide ions that enhance activity at low temperatures. The transformation between V4+ and V5+ contributes to the catalytic activity for NH3-SCR reactions . Nonetheless, the catalysts A and B had very different ratios of peak areas between V and Ti, as shown in Table 3 via the V/Ti ratio; 0.03 and 0.09 for catalysts A and B, respectively. Both a high ratio of V4+/(V4+ + V5+) and a high atomic concentration of vanadium (i.e., a high V/Ti ratio) on the catalyst surface are critical for the catalytic activity of a catalyst [41,42,43]. Furthermore, the higher surface atomic concentration of vanadium indicates more active sites on the catalyst surface, which in turn increases the activity and stability of the catalyst.
Figure 8. X-ray photoelectron spectrometry (XPS) spectra of (a) Ti 2p; (b) O 1s; and (c) V 2p for two catalysts and self-made TiO2 support and WO3/TiO2.
Table 3. Surface atomic concentration from XPS spectra in Figure 7.
Figure 9 shows the H2-TPR profiles for all the tested samples. For TiO2 there was almost no reduction peak. Dispersing WO3 onto a TiO2 support caused a strong peak at 583 °C and two weak peaks centered around 660 °C and 743 °C for WO3/TiO2 (TiW). Reiche et al.  reported two peaks around 467 °C and 782 °C, which were attributed to reduction of W6+ species. Here we also consider that all three peaks of TiW are attributed to the reduction of W6+ species. When W and V were further introduced into the TiO2 support, three peaks at 544 °C, 660 °C, and 824 °C were found for catalyst A. According to literature studies [4,44,45], the peak at 544 °C is indicative of the well-dispersed V species, while the others are suggested to be reduction of W6+ species. For catalyst B, three peaks appeared at about 460 °C, 632 °C, and 825 °C, respectively. The peak at 460 °C, which moved to a much lower temperature compared to 544 °C for the catalyst A, was attributed to the reduction of V species. Comparing with TiW, one can see that the H2 consumption profile due to the V species is shown by a broad peak with a similar starting temperature of about 350 °C but different finishing temperatures for catalysts A and B. While the peak was complete at about 620 °C for catalyst A, the temperature was about 580 °C for catalyst B. The latter indicates that the vanadium species on catalyst B are easier to reduce, implying a better dispersion of the V species and thus a better low-temperature activity.
Figure 9. H2-TPR (temperature-programmed reduction) curves of the tested two catalysts A and B, TiO2 support and WO3/TiO2.
The lower reduction temperature of the V species for catalyst B shown in Figure 9 suggests that its V species is easier to be reduced by H2. This indicates that the V species have stronger interaction with the TiO2 support and better dispersion over the surface of the catalyst when using VO(acac)2 as the vanadium precursor. Corresponding to the lower reduction temperature of the V species, catalyst B enabled a higher SCR activity as shown above. Literature studies have widely recognized the higher reducibility of the SCR catalyst, that the higher catalyst activity is for NH3-SCR at the reduction temperature .
As a consequence, the illustrations from Figure 7 to Figure 9, not only justify the better low-temperature activity and stability of catalyst B prepared by following a newly proposed method using VO(acac)2 precursor in toluene solvent, but verify also that the redox of the active component or the interaction between the active component and TiO2 support plays an important role on the activity of a catalyst for NH3-SCR of NO.
The TiO2 support was prepared by the atmospheric hydrolysis method. First, a titanyl sulfate solution was prepared by stirring 100 g titanyl sulfate (TiOSO4, Jingchun, Shanghai, China) mixed with 400 mL of deionized water in a round-bottom flask at 40 °C for 6 h. In turn, urea (CO(NH2)2, Sinopharm, Shanghai, China) was added to the solution, and the solution was stirred at 110 °C for 10 h. Then, the sample was filtered and washed several times using deionized water until the pH value of the waste solution became about pH 7. Finally, the TiO2 support obtained as the filter cake was dried at 110 °C for 10 h and calcined at 500 °C for 4 h.
The WO3/TiO2 material (denoted as TiW) was prepared by the wet impregnation method. The ammonium metatungstate and self-made TiO2 were mixed into deionized water with stirring at 60 °C ensured by a water bath until the solution became a paste. Then the paste was dried at 110 °C for 10 h and calcined at 500 °C for 4 h.
The tested catalysts A and D were prepared following the usual impregnation method using ammonium metavanadate (NH4VO3, Sinopharm, Shanghai, China) and vanadyl acetylacetonate (VO(acac)2, Sinopharm, Shanghai, China) as the vanadium precursors, respectively. The catalysts B and C were made according to the solvothermal method using VO(acac)2 and NH4VO3 as the precursors, respectively. NH4VO3 was dissolved in deionized water and VO(acac)2 in solvent toluene. All the catalysts were made to have the same composition of metal oxides, 2 wt. % V2O5, 5 wt. % WO3 and balanced TiO2. The formed mashes were converted into the tested catalysts, in succession, through filtration, desiccation at 110 °C in air for 10 h, and calcination at 500 °C for 4 h in an air oven. Finally, the catalyst samples were smashed and sieved through 50–100 meshes for activity evaluation. All the used materials and solvents for catalyst preparation and experiments were commercially bought.
where C NO in and C NO out refer to the NO concentrations of dry gas at the reactor inlet and outlet, respectively. This means that any change in gas flow rate through the DeNOx reactions was neglected.
where D is the average crystallite size; K is a constant (0.94), λ is the wavelength of the X-ray radiation (0.15418 nm), θ and β refer to the diffraction angle and the full width at half-maximum (FWHM) of the diffraction peak, respectively.
The specific surface area, pore volume and pore size were obtained at −196 °C from a Quantachrome NOVA Automated Gas sorption system (Quantachrome, FL, USA). The Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) specific surface area was calculated from the nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms. The sample for this test was degassed in vacuum at 300 °C for 24 h prior to measurement of the surface area and pore size distribution.
The images of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and high resolution TEM (HRTEM) were obtained using a JEM-2100 of JEOL electron microscope (JEOL, Tokyo, Japan) at an accelerating voltage of 200 kV. The NH3 temperature-programmed desorption (NH3-TPD) experiments were carried out in a flow of He (140 mL·min−1) over 0.1 g catalyst in the quartz U-tube reactor of the analyzer (Chem-BET pulsar TPR/TPD, Quantachrome, FL, USA). The catalyst sample was pretreated at 300 °C for 1 h in a flow of He (140 mL·min−1) to remove impurities, followed by cooling to 80 °C. After pretreatment, the catalyst was treated in a stream of He-base gas with 8 vol. % NH3 at 80 °C for 1 h. Ammonia (NH3) was switched off when the catalyst was saturated, and then He was fed to purge the reactor for 2 h to remove the excessive NH3 or weakly adsorbed NH3. Finally, the TPD experiment was performed at a temperature-rise rate of 5 °C min−1 by raising the sample temperature to 800 °C. The gas-phase concentrations of all components were continually monitored using a mass spectrometer (Proline Mass Spectrometer, Ametek, Pittsburgh, PA, USA).
The temperature-programmed reduction (TPR) test was performed in a quartz U-tube reactor using approximately 100 mg of sample for each test in the same instrument as for the TPD test. The sample for measurement was pretreated at 300 °C for 2.5 h in a He flow. The temperature was increased from 80 to 1000 °C at a rate of 10 °C min−1, and the consumed H2 in the process of temperature rise was continuously monitored on-line with process mass spectrometry (Proline Mass Spectrometer, Ametek, Pittsburgh, PA, USA).
An X-ray photoelectron spectrometer (XPS) was used to analyze the surface atomic concentration on the tested samples. The analysis was carried out on an ESCALAB 250Xi electron spectrometer (Thermo, Sussex, UK) using 100 W Al Kα radiation (hν = 1486.6 eV). In advance, the catalyst sample was put into the sample holder and degassed overnight at room temperature at a pressure of 10−9 mbar. The reported binding energy values were all corrected by referring to the binding energy of C 1s, that is 284.8 eV. For all catalyst samples in this study which did not contain carbon, the C 1s signal in the XPS spectra was from their adventitious carbon. In addition, the presented spectra were smoothed by subtracting a nonlinear background.
The FT-IR spectra were obtained using a Bruker Vector FTIR spectrometer (Bruker, Karlsruhe, Germany) with KBr-pressed disks. Thermogravimetric (TG) analysis was carried out on a Seiko TG analyzer (Seiko, Tokyo, Japan) coupled with a process mass spectrometer (Proline Mass Spectrometer, Ametek, Pittsburgh, PA, USA) to monitor the gas composition. The temperature of the TG was raised from room temperature to 1000 °C at a rate of 10 °C/min in an Ar flow.
The study showed that the solvothermal method using VO(acac)2 as vanadium precursor resulted in a NH3-SCR catalyst with stable performance for removing NO from flue gas containing SO2 and water vapor at temperatures of 240–400 °C, even potentially 220–450 °C. In the catalyst the active components of W and V oxides were highly dispersed and exhibited strong interactions with the TiO2 support. Through NH3-TPD it was revealed that the catalyst has more acidic sites to facilitate its better low-temperature activity and tolerance to the poisoning of SO2 and H2O in SCR of NO, in comparison with the catalyst made by incipient impregnation of ammonium metavanadate. In addition, analyzing the fresh and spent catalysts via FT-IR and TG showed that a dynamic balance between the formation and decomposition of ammonium sulfite or sulfate could be built at temperatures as low as 220 °C to ensure the stable activity of the catalyst at this temperature. The results of XPS and H2-TPR analyses further demonstrate that the newly prepared catalyst had a high V4+/(V4+ + V5+ ratio), a high vanadium atomic concentration on the catalyst surface, and a lower reduction temperature for its dispersed V species. These are all shown to be beneficial to the low-temperature activity for NH3-SCR of flue gas NO. Consequently, the catalyst made using VO(acac)2 precursor in toluene solvent should particularly work for SCR of NO at temperatures as low as 220 °C. This study offers actually a new technology to produce the V2O5-WO3/TiO2 catalyst for high-performance SCR of NO from stationary combustion and diesel vehicles over a wide working-temperature window such as 220–400 °C. Also in the process of performing a pilot denitration test (2000–3000 nm3/h) we used the monolith SCR catalyst prepared by our powder catalyst for real flue gas from a coke oven.
The work was financially supported by International Science and Technology Cooperation Program of China (2013DFA51530), and the strategic priority research program of the Chinese academy of sciences (XDA07030300), and Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) for the postdoctoral fellowship grant (P15758).
L.G., F.G., J.Y and G.X. conceived and designed the experiments; L.G. performed the experiments; L.G., J.Y. and G.X. analyzed the data; L.G. wrote the paper and J.Y. and G.X. revised it.
GB/T 17954-2007 Economical Operation of Industrial Boilers; Standards Press of China: Beijing, China, 2007.


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Last Remaining Seats celebrates 30 seasons in downtown LA's movie palaces
Linda Dishman, head of the Los Angeles Conservancy right, and Sarah Lann, Director of Education of the Los Angeles Conservancy, left, stand in front of the Los Angeles Theater where Last Remaining Seats where old movies are screened in classic downtown LA theaters is celebrating its 30th season in Los Angeles CA. Wednesday, May 25, 2016. The series kicks off this summer at the Los Angeles Theater. (Thomas R. Cordova/Southern California News Group)
Last Remaining Seats where old movies are screened in classic downtown LA theaters is celebrating its 30th season in Los Angeles CA. Wednesday, May 25, 2016. The series kicks off this summer at the Los Angeles Theater. (Thomas R. Cordova/Southern California News Group)
PUBLISHED: June 2, 2016 at 6:58 p.m. | UPDATED: August 28, 2017 at 6:18 a.m.
In their heyday during the early 20th Century, the ornate theaters of downtown Los Angeles hosted star-studded, red carpet premieres and offered the latest Hollywood films.
While those glory days are gone, you can get a taste of what it might have been like to spend the evening at the spectacular movie palaces thanks to the Los Angeles Conservancy's Last Remaining Seats series.
The popular summer series pairs classic films with historic theaters downtown, and it's celebrating its 30th anniversary season by going back to where it all began with a lineup of films at iconic Broadway theaters.
"For the Conservancy, this is incredibly exciting. We started this 30 years ago as just sort of a way to bring more people into the theaters. We just wanted to have people be aware that they even existed," said Linda Dishman, president and CEO of the Conservancy, from her downtown office a couple of blocks from the Broadway theaters that will host this year's lineup of films.
"Now we have a ready audience. There are people, just like they go to the Hollywood Bowl, they go to Last Seats just as part of their summer and that's great to sort of have that tradition," she said.
The 30th season includes nine screenings of seven films that the Conservancy considers some of the "former hits."
"These are the favorites of the favorites," Dishman explained.
However, it all starts with a film making its debut in the series on June 4 — the Tom Cruise blockbuster "Top Gun" — at the 1931 Los Angeles Theatre.
The 1986 film is the most modern film screened at the series, but since the story of rebellious Lieutenant Peter "Maverick" Mitchell is also turning 30, Conservancy officials thought it would be a good fit and a chance to celebrate the 1980s in an 85-year-old theater.
The opening night will be hosted by "Top Gun" producer Jerry Bruckheimer and will include an 1980s dance party in the theater ballroom.
Other season highlights include the 1953 film "Dos Tipos de Cuidado," on June 15 at the 1911 Palace Theater, which is part of the Last Seats tradition of including classic Latin American flicks. The romantic comedy stars Mexican legends Pedro Infante and Jorge Negrete. The screening will include an appearance by Pedro Infante's granddaughter Lupita Infante, who will perform with her all-female mariachi band Las Colibris.
The season closes with the 1923 Harold Lloyd silent comedy "Safety Last!" at the 1926 Orpheum Theatre.
The final night will be hosted by John Bengtson, a film historian and board member of the San Francisco Silent Film Festival.
The 2,000-seat Orpheum has long been a regular series venue and for theater owner Steve Needleman, Last Seats not only brings new audiences to his venue, it has also helped to kept the old venues alive in a way.
"It kept people reminded of what the theaters can be," Needleman said.
"I think people really enjoy that old-time atmosphere and remembering what it may have been like to see a movie back in the old days," he added.
Last Seats began back in 1987 when a group of 10 volunteers launched it to bring attention to the historic theaters of Broadway.
By then, many had fallen into disarray. Some were either vacant, serving as swap meets and churches or running low-budget and X-rated films.
While the architecture was still striking, the volunteers had their work cut out for them when it came to sprucing up the venues to attract people to a then-dormant downtown.
"They were used, but they were not necessarily well-maintained or taken care of in the way we would really hope. But the idea was that these were really amazing historic resources that so few people in the city were aware of, so we wanted to do something to bring people into the theaters," Dishman said.
To make them presentable, the original volunteers had to scrub walls, clean bathrooms, cover arcade games and even bring in flowers and incense to mask bad odors.
But with a new renaissance brought on by things like the adaptive reuse ordinance, a measure approved by the city in 1999 that made it easier for developers to turn old, run-down office buildings into housing, downtown is now a very different place than it was 30 years ago.
There are now thousands of bars, restaurants and high-end lofts, apartments and condominiums that have brought fresh residents and visitors to the area. And many of these residents also see the film series as not just an entertaining event, but as one of the early catalysts of the renaissance to bring people downtown.
"Last Remaining Seats was a visionary and catalytic idea of the Los Angeles Conservancy, because it helped make us aware of these great treasures that are on Broadway that had been long forgotten," said Hal Bastian, a longtime downtown resident, advocate and host of the online show "What's Up, Downtown? With Hal Bastian."
In its 30 seasons, the series has now screened more than 150 films in more than a dozen theaters downtown and the nearby area. Attendance has increased from 6,000 people the first year to 11,000 last year. About 12,000 are expected this season.
One of the regular series attendants is downtown resident Joe Moller, an events producer who, as he does every summer, plans on attending a few films this year.
"What's so great about a platform like this is that it brings Angelenos from all over the city to downtown to experience something old and something new," Moller said.
"To me, it represents the exact intersection of where we're at in downtown L.A. We all want to see these historic buildings re-purposed and become part of the future of downtown but still represent the grandeur of the past," he added.
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