Man is so constituted that he always and everywhere wants comfort. This is especially true of their own home, suburban area. It is necessary to begin to equip the life from the entrance. It is necessary to choose high-quality, reliable fencing. For ease of use put the drive. A great solution is the Comunello automation. Thanks to this equipment there is no need to open/close the gate during the return to the garage, exit manually. As far as relevant, it is felt in winter, when it gets very cold outside. Advantages in inclement weather are also noticeable. To get to the garage, you just have to press a button. The gate will open silently, quickly. And do not have to go out of the warm cabin in order to open the gate sash. But a lot depends on the drive itself, what advantages the device has.
Automation - a set of devices responsible for comfort and safety. The products presented today in the consumer market are reliable, attractive, durable. Endowed with excellent performance properties. At the expense of such devices it is possible to control access to the territory, to the premises. Drives can be installed on various gates, starting with those in cottages, offices and ending with industrial facilities. And expensive, installation, and also design works are not required.
Protection. Thanks to the equipment you will be able to protect yourself from unauthorized entry into the territory. After closing the fence a special mechanism will not allow the gate to break open. In addition, the consoles provide the latest coding, which is difficult to calculate. If it is simpler to say, the risk of reading and copying code is significantly reduced. This means that no one will be able to open the gate without a host.
Security. When, during the lowering of the fence, an obstacle appears in its path, then the movement of the leaf, the shutters instantly stops.
Cost. Prices for automatic sliding gates are available to everyone.
Durability. As practice shows, the Italian equipment can be used for a long time in all weather conditions. Much longer than stated in the warranty card.
Comfort. Electric drive allows you to quickly close/open the gate. At the same time the movements are smooth, uniform. Opening/closing takes a few minutes.
Uninterrupted operation. The latest technology allows you to clearly configure the automation, to seek from her harmonious, permanent work, responsiveness.
If you are looking for where to buy automation for sliding gates, then it is best to do it in our online store. Only here the best price, wide range, pleasant service. In addition, we can deliver to anywhere in the country. Managers of our online store will be able to satisfy requests for automation, even the most demanding customers.
Door roller shutters are varieties of blinds, looking like a roll with several guides sliding on them with plates. They are installed in the doorways. Are capable to provide protection of the house from breaking, atmospheric phenomena, for example, snow, rain. Effectively protect against noise and dust.


On behalf of Jon & the 2009 Committee, I'd like to welcome everyone to "GORGG's Eleven." On this, the tenth anniversary of GORGG, I think a short history lesson is appropriate.
In 1994, some of us were lucky enough to find our way to the On-Reflection Internet mailing list, dedicated to the music of Gentle Giant. After several years of forming online cyber-friendships, it was only natural that some would want to meet in person. In January 1999, a dozen of us held a tri-state get-together in New York City to test the waters. We had a fantastic time and it went so well that we KNEW that we had to do it again -- and SOON! The New England contingent followed suit in April '99, with similar results.
In the first of many cases of what we now call "GORGG Serendipity," our friend, Bert, in Norway won a contest and decided to visit New York around this same time, and he persuaded many European & U.K. listmembers to join him. We combined our efforts and the first GORGG was planned for October '99. That was a magical weekend and life-altering for many of us, as it became quickly apparent that this needed to become an annual event. About the only thing that could have made things better that first year would have been the improbable dream of having members of Gentle Giant with us at our little party.
The fun rolled into Quebec in 2005 and it seemed like it literally could simply never end. But perhaps the true test of GORGG's mettle came the following year in Portugal when we lost our dear friend, Jorg, suddenly. Up until then, we had all laughed & laughed together for years, but now we had to learn to cry together, too, and at this point there was no denying that this annual assemblage was very much a true FAMILY in every sense of the word. But we weathered that storm.
In a blur of years and amazing events, Denver and Germany in 2007 and 2008 brought us to the point -- tonight -- where we are now celebrating GORGG's tenth anniversary, which still boggles my mind, but here we are! By my quick count, we have now had GORGGers attend from 14 different countries over the years... a magnificent achievement.
we have ALL been many-times-blessed.


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With his Bachelors degree in Building Economics from the University of Nairobi, Mr. Kang'ara founded Karkan Partnership in 1993. He now serves as the Managing Partner.
Mr. Maina has a B.A (Building Economics) Hons from the University of Nairobi. He has previously worked for Buildcost Associates Uganda as a Quantity Surveyor before relocating to Karkan Partnership. With over five years post – registration experience, Elijah has had intense experience covering housing, industrial, offices and interior fit-out sub-sectors.
Mr. Moses has a Bachelor of Quantity Surveying from the University of Nairobi. He has previously worked for Infracost Consultants as an Assistant Quantity Surveyor before joining Karkan Partnership. He has handled projects of Interior fit-out nature and multi-storeyed structures.
Ms. Naomi has a Bachelor of Quantity Surveying Hons from the University of Nairobi. She has previously worked for ANKA Consultants Ltd as an Assistant Quantity Surveyor before joining Karkan Partnership. She is well grounded in interior fit-outs and general contract administration.
Our work with Karkan Partnership aimed to reduce our investment in inventory by 8% in three of our regional parts plants. We were thrilled the team's FastTrack implementation program resulted in a net inventory reduction of 17% in the first 6 months. That was beyond our expectations in terms of cost savings and the speed with which we accomplished our goal.
What we appreciated most about working with Kang'ara and his team was their ability to cut through the predictable politics of a project, keep everyone happy, and deliver the expected results and on time.
We provide industry-leading, value adding and innovative project and cost management consultancy services in Kenya and East Africa.
Whether clients require the services of a single discipline or those of an integrated team combining a number of different specialism, we can tailor our service to fit each client's specific needs.
We ensure that our team has a strong combination of practical and hands-on experience combined with the right managerial and technical skills, providing you with the best professionals for the project.


April and May are months that mark the retreat of snow in the Methow and the beginning of a new cycle of wildflowers, returning birds and leafing trees and bushes. The dominant color changes from white to brown to green in the blink of an eye. Join the artists of the Winthrop Gallery in a celebration of this transformation as represented in paintings, photography, drawings, ceramics, textiles and more.


text:
Cultivating the 'Entrepreneurial Spirit' at America's Largest University
by Lawrence Wittner
The State University of New York (SUNY) — 64 higher education campuses with nearly half a million students — is the largest university system in the United States. Therefore, when university administrators join the state's governor in turning SUNY into a loyal servant of big business, that fact has significant ramifications.
The university's new mission became increasingly evident in the spring of 2013, when Andrew Cuomo — New York's pro-corporate Democratic governor — began barnstorming around the state, calling for a dramatic "culture shift" in the SUNY system. Faculty, he said, would have to "get interested and participate in entrepreneurial activities." The situation was "delicate because academics are academics … But .. you'd be a better academic if you were actually entrepreneurial."
Cuomo's barnstorming tour was a key part of his high-powered drive to get the state legislature to pass Tax-Free New York, a scheme to provide 10 years of tax-free status to private businesses, their owners, and their employees that relocated to SUNY campuses, university communities, or a few private colleges. This corporate welfare plan, renamed "Start-Up New York," was enacted by the legislature in June with great fanfare about economic development and job creation — although, at the time, New York State had already spent about $7 billion annually for economic development without any evidence that this funding produced anything useful.
Actually, Start-Up New York is only one component of a drive by the governor and SUNY's bedazzled chancellor, Nancy L. Zimpher, to create a business-oriented university. Among other things, New York State's new SUNY 2020 program provides for a $165 million Emerging Technology and Entrepreneurship Complex on the SUNY Albany campus and encourages the hiring of faculty on the basis of their ability to fund themselves through outside income. In addition, Cuomo established the SUNY Networks of Excellence, designed, as a SUNY Albany press release noted, "to foster entrepreneurialism and economic growth through public-private partnerships and give researchers the tools they need to bring their ideas to market." The governor noted that this SUNY program would "draw new venture capital to invest in commercialization activities" and "will help bring our best ideas to market right here in New York State."
The jewel in the crown, however, is SUNY's College of Nanoscale Science and Engineering. Developed and headed by Alain Kaloyeros — a wheeler-dealer who, with an annual salary of $1.3 million, is the highest-paid public employee in the state — this enterprise was begun with a 20-year $1 billion investment by New York and has reportedly drawn in $17 billion of investments from the nation's biggest corporations, such as IBM and Intel.
Governor Cuomo, absolutely delighted by this thriving public-private partnership, has made Kaloyeros his top advisor on higher education and has given him the green light to create such SUNY partnerships elsewhere. The first, Nano Utica, was announced in October, and involves a $200 million state investment in a computer chip manufacturing and research center to be run by Kaloyeros's Nanotech College and the SUNY Institute of Technology. Announcing the venture, the governor declared that "this partnership demonstrates how the new New York is making targeted investments to transition our state's economy to the 21st century and take advantage of the strengths of our world class universities."
Only a few days later, the news broke in the Albany Times Union that "the NanoCollege has been aggressively acquiring real estate property from Albany to Rochester," and was "quietly seeking developers for a similar [chip manufacturing] facility in Syracuse." Amid talk of billions of dollars in private investments, the article noted delicately that the Syracuse venture "would likely need an educational component to fit in with Cuomo's strategy of using the SUNY system to attract high-tech employers."
Local campus administrators have been quick to jump on the bandwagon. In an article ("SUNY Cortland's Entrepreneurial Spirit") published in the summer 2013 issue of SUNY Cortland's alumni magazine, Erik Bitterbaum, the campus President, declared that his school was "taking steps to make sure our campus culture nurtures the spirit of entrepreneurism, one of the primary strategic goals [of the SUNY system] … Our graduates have built companies, restaurants and theme parks," he boasted "[And] own chain franchises, run mom-and-pop business and open health-, wellness- or fitness-related enterprises."
He added, "[B]usiness economics is now one of our most popular and fastest-growing majors … the College has an active Entrepreneurship Club." And SUNY Cortland recently began offering a two-course sequence in "entrepreneurism."
Other SUNY campuses were not far behind. In the fall of 2013, SUNY Albany hired an Associate Vice President of Business Partnerships and Economic Development to manage and advance public-private partnerships at the university, including the Emerging Technology and Entrepreneurship Complex and the Start-Up New York program. Even before that, the Dean of the College of Arts & Sciences called a special meeting of department chairs to hear a presentation about Start-Up New York by the campus President's Chief of Staff and to address such questions as: "What kinds of businesses could your faculty potentially foster? Where would those businesses be located?" Other campus ventures included what the administration described as "the Young Entrepreneurs Academy (YEA!), an eight-month program that teaches middle and high school students how to start and run their own REAL businesses." At SUNY Delhi, the campus President told the press that she was hopeful that, under Start-Up New York, her college could work with a manufacturer on a new "biodigester" that would make good use of cow manure.
Turning a public university into a generator of private business activity and development seems a considerable departure from SUNY's official mission statement, which promises that the university will "provide to the people of New York educational services of the highest quality."
Indeed, is it appropriate for an educational institution to be so thoroughly devoted to the fostering of "entrepreneurialism?"
Dr. Lawrence Wittner (http://lawrenceswittner.com) is Professor of History emeritus at SUNY/Albany and writes for PeaceVoice. His latest book is "What's Going On at UAardvark?" – a satire on the corporatization of higher education.]
Dr. Lawrence Wittner is Professor of History emeritus at SUNY/Albany and the author of Confronting the Bomb (Stanford University Press.)
Nick Licata
A Slanted Narrative on Slanted Journalism
Eric Mann
Dr. Martin Luther King's Challenge to the Movement, as the Fascists Storm the Capital
The Impeachment Trial of Donald Trump: Can He be Convicted?
Albena Azmanova – Marshall Auerbach
Lessons From the 6 January Insurrection
Time to Trash the Terrorist Watch List, a Police-State Frankenstein Gone Off the Rails
Fran Shor
Trump's Failed Coup
Coup, Coup, Kachoo
Encircling China and Praising India: The US Strategic Framework for the Indo-Pacific
Sonali Kolhatkar
Dear Republicans, Was Your Deal With Trump Worth It?
Thomas Klikauer – Norman Simms
An Ordinary German Neo-Nazi
Peace in Nagorno-Karabakh Remains Fragile, With Key Issues Unresolved
Lynching Political Correctness
Wim Laven
Misusing King's Message
The New No Fly List: More Dangerous than the Capitol Rioters

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Meghan Markle Fans Divided Over Royal Couple's Latest Instagram Post
Tim Rooke / Pool/Getty Images
Lucille Barilla
Meghan Markle's fans are divided over a recent post that was shared to her and her husband's official Instagram account that showed the Duchess of Sussex supporting one of her favorite charities, Mayhew. Mayhew devotes its energies to assisting animals who are most in need in both the United Kingdom and overseas.
The post showed Meghan cuddling with a cute dog, held by one of Mayhew's workers. At the time of the initial photograph, the former Suits star was pregnant with her first child, son Archie Harrison Mountbatten Windsor.
Meghan was made patron of Mayhew in January of this year.
Within the photo's caption, along with information about the group — how they assist animals and how these rescued pets provide vital support where it is most needed — the royal couple shared that Meghan is also a long-time rescue dog owner, writing that she "applauds" the organization for the "vital" work they do every day.
The post was shared by Meghan and Prince Harry to spotlight the work of the charity organization as a part of an effort they are making to highlight one that is important to them every month. Alongside Mayhew, businesses such as The Salvation Army UK, The Los Angeles Mission, Social Bite, and The Felix Project have been spotlighted.
However, royal watchers appeared to be divided over the post, sharing their sentiments in the comments section of the image.
As we continue to reflect on some of the organisations supported by The Duke and Duchess of Sussex, today we wanted to share more about @TheMayhew, an animal welfare charity which The Duchess became Patron of earlier this year. Mayhew believes in the power of community and the special bond between humans and animals, which is why their programming does not simply focus on rescuing animals but rather takes a more holistic approach to shaping the lives of pets and humans, alike. Their TheraPaws dogs and volunteers now visit not just care homes and hospitals, but also mental health facilities and youth groups – expanding the benefits of animal assisted therapy into much needed areas. They also work with the homeless community assisting with treatments and check ups for their pets so that the most vulnerable can trust that their pet will remain by their side. This year, Mayhew has continued its specialized work overseas, vaccinating more than 30,000 dogs against rabies and other diseases, and empowering locals to improve animal welfare humanely and sustainably. The Duchess is also proud that they are creating opportunities for women, with the female led vet team in Kabul neutering 2,500 dogs so far this year. As a long-time rescue dog owner, The Duchess of Sussex is proud to be Mayhew's Patron and applauds them for the vital work that they do every day. Please visit @TheMayhew to learn more, as Mayhew continue their very important contribution to the community for all of us and the pets we hold dear. Photo © PA / Ivan Flores / Tamara Yoxall
A post shared by The Duke and Duchess of Sussex (@sussexroyal) on Dec 11, 2019 at 5:58am PST
"Amazing! We need more people supporting animal rescue/welfare organizations!" said one follower of the couple's social media site.
"With the number of 'breaks', she takes how much time could she be giving to ANY of her charities? She and Harry are on the borderline of being removed from the list of 'working royals.' Maybe they could keep Andrew company," slammed an Instagram user, commenting on Meghan and Harry's break from royal duties throughout the holiday season and into the first week of 2020.
With the festive holiday season upon us, it's also a reminder to reflect on those in need – those who may feel lonely, hungry, homeless, or may be experiencing the holidays for the first time without loved ones. It's an important time of year to help those around you who may be less fortunate, or who would appreciate even the smallest act of kindness. Continuing our monthly tradition of highlighting accounts that do good, and inspired by the "Twelve Days of Christmas" – we have selected twelve organisations caring for those in need – especially at this time of year. There are, thankfully, so many organisations around the world doing good on global and grassroots levels, many of which are not on Instagram. Check out the accounts we have chosen and please share those in your own communities that are making a difference. We would love to hear about the ones that inspire you – so please tell us and add your country's flag! Images used are from the accounts we are now following.
A post shared by The Duke and Duchess of Sussex (@sussexroyal) on Dec 1, 2019 at 10:09am PST
"Enjoying these year-end spotlights on your patronages and the work they've done. Hope this will be an annual tradition," said a fan who applauded the Duchess of Sussex for the couple's charity work.
Along with Mayhew, in the first month of 2019, Meghan was also made patron of several other key organizations, according to a press release on the royal family's official website.
Queen Elizabeth passed on two patronages to the Duchess of Sussex — The National Theatre and The Association of Commonwealth Universities.
Meghan is also a patron of Smart Works, an organization that helps long-term unemployed and vulnerable women regain the skills, confidence, and tools needed to succeed at job interviews, return to employment, and transform their lives.


We offer over 10 different life insurance plans for your unique needs. From low cost Term Life to cash value Universal Life we have what it takes to get the job done.
At Brya Insurance we start with the basics, and help you build a plan from there. When it comes to life insurance, most people don't plan to fail…we just fail to plan.
We have changed the purchasing of life insurance to a comprehensive and painless experience. This is a subject most people avoid, but it is probably the largest single event that will affect a family.
First you have to identify your needs. Why do you need life insurance?
Expenses incurred from dying. Most of the time we do not just die. Usually we will be kept alive for some period of time before we die. As we all know the expenses mount very quickly. Such expenses may include: Hospital Bills, Ambulatory Bills, Physician and Surgeon Fees, Funeral Home, Mortuary Bills, and Cemetery Bills.
Current commitments such as: Income Replacement, Home Mortgage, Business Loans, Car Loans, Credit Card Balances.
Future commitments like: Children's Education Fund, Spouse's Retirement, Estate Creation – helps when you want to "even out" your estate for your heirs, and the biggest one of all ESTATE TAXES.
Welcome to Brya Insurance, welcome to savings. Insurance Simplified.


New York Alfred A Knopf. 1982.
First Edition of Leithauser's first collection of poems, described by James Merrill as "something very like perfection. No one should overlook them". Dark blue cloth with dustjacket decorated with motifs of fireflies. Fine copy.


Maybe, though, there is a less glamorous role for Kickstarter, and sites like it, to play in cities, not necessarily funding high-tech park architecture or the latest pop-up fad… but simply supporting small businesses and programs that create jobs. The city of Chicago this week is attempting this idea, rolling out a curated Kickstarter site called Seed Chicago for 11 (for now) neighborhood-based small businesses and community organizations in need of money.
Sign CHS up. We love supporting individual ventures. Expanding the idea to provide a pool of small project funding that is more dynamic and faster to react than the existing grant processes seems like a must-do.
"The whole concept is premised on the bet that these potential investors exist, that people will want to hand over cash on Kickstarter for reasons that go beyond having the inside track on a new tech product or art installation," the Atlantic writes. Improving the neighborhood, small project by project, seems like a desirable ROI.


text:
Is Bob Hope's $22 Million Estate a Cultural Landmark? City Commission Says No
As Hope's daughter, a city councilman and preservation advocates square off to determine the future of the 15,000-square-foot home, the entertainer's family scores a signficant preliminary victory: "We're just trying to honor what my parents decreed."
By Peter Kiefer and Peter Flax
Peter Kiefer and Peter Flax
More Stories by Peter Kiefer and Peter Flax
Fed Up With Sagging Prices, Owners of Trump-Branded Condos Push for Name Change
Courtesy of Erik Grammer & EGP Imaging/Shooting LA
In an unexpected turn of events, the Los Angeles Cultural Heritage Commission has told the Los Angeles City Council that they do not support the designation of Bob Hope's 15,000-square-foot Toluca Lake home as a landmark.
The decision by the commission, made public in a Thursday morning hearing, does not necessarily end efforts to landmark Hope's former estate at 10346 Moorpark St. — a process that has been spearheaded by Los Angeles City Councilman David Ryu — but it makes the path to designate the property a landmark much more complicated.
In September, Ryu submitted an emergency motion to start the landmark process after news outlets reported that Hope's daughter, Linda, was pursuing plans to demolish all or part of the home in an effort to sell it. The estate, first listed in 2013, is presently listed for $22 million.
"That's just not true," Linda Hope tells The Hollywood Reporter, insisting that demolition permits were filed by a potential buyer or an agent working on his behalf. "I've never taken any steps to demolish any part of that property." A review of the demolition permit reveals that no effort to tear down the main house was made — the paperwork, filed by a contract, mentions just a garage, pool house and another outbuilding.
The recent emergency motion pitted Ryu, and the staff of the city's Office of Historic Resources, against Hope, who argued that she was well within her rights to sell the house and that she would, in fact, be defying the wishes of her mother, Dolores, if she did otherwise.
"My mother's will specified that the house be sold and the proceeds go the Bob & Dolores Hope Foundation — to make sure that veterans and people in need in the Los Angeles area could benefit," Linda says. "I am the CEO of the foundation and I have an actual fiduciary responsibility to do what's best for the foundation. It has cost the foundation nearly $1 million a year to maintain this property."
A Daughter, Demolition and a Battle Over the $22 Million Mansion Where Bob Hope Died
Ken Bernstein, the manager of the Office of Historic Resources office, tells THR that although the estate did not meet the criteria as an architectural landmark, his staff determined that the house should be designated as a landmark because of its "historic cultural significance." The commission has effectively overruled the staff.
"Bob Hope's association with this property lasted for six decades. His iconic role in the entertainment industry clearly made him a historic personage and this is the property most associated with his life," Bernstein says.
The house was originally built in 1939 by noted architect Richard Finkelhor, and in 2003 Hope died in the home at the age of 100. Dolores passed away eight years later. Over the years, the Toluca Lake home was visited by many Hollywood luminaries, including Frank Sinatra and Bing Crosby.
Linda Hope insists that the cultural, historical and architectural significance of the estate has been overstated for political reasons. "It's not like the Rat Pack was hanging out at the Toluca Lake house — my father did most of his celebrity entertaining at his house in Palm Springs and saw this house as a refuge," she notes, recalling that the most frequent celebrity guest was Phyllis Diller, who came for dinners and stayed to play on the piano with her mother. "My mom was a frustrated architect — always moving walls. It's a lovely house but I think it's clear it has no important architectural integrity."
Linda Hope says that at one point her parents considered turning the house into a museum but were told that it could not be zoned for such a non-residential use. After that, she adds, they decided it should be sold to help fund the foundation. "Honestly, my siblings and I thought they might hand it down to us," Hope says. "But that's not what they decided and put in their wills. We're just trying to honor what my parents decreed."
The decision will now head back to City Council for a final vote, but due to the ruling by the Heritage Commission, a two-thirds vote will be necessary as opposed to a majority to designate the property. (Calls to Ryu's office seeking comment were not returned.)
Due to its unique nature, the debate over the Hope estate has emerged as a case study of sorts for conservationists and elected officials who are reckoning with how, what and when certain buildings, homes and neighborhoods in L.A. should be considered and designated as historical landmarks.
According to Bernstein, who was present at the hearing, Linda Hope's testimony before the commission proved "compelling." In that testimony, she pleaded with the commission not to designate the home because it could undermine the ultimate sale of the home, subsequently hurting her parent's foundation. She also has long maintained that she is seeking a "presentation-minded" buyer and that she never advocated demolishing the main house.
"I'm hopeful we're on our way to finally doing what my parents wanted," Linda Hope tells THR. "Nothing would please me more than to find a family who wants to live in the house and preserve it as best they can. In any case, the people of L.A. who are in need will benefit."


Established in 2010, Agrify is a specialised agricultural consultancy group focused on increasing the profitable investment in, and returns from, Australian agriculture. Agrify's clients interests are as diverse as their geography is broad. They include producers, processors, investors, industry professionals and service providers.


text:
Diesel engines -- Fuel filters -- Method for evaluating fuel/water separation efficiency
ISO/TC 22/SC 34
ISO 16332:2018 specifies a fuel/water separator comparison test under defined and simplified laboratory conditions. This test is intended for pressure side fuel/water separators as well as for suction side fuel/water separators. Pressure side fuel/water separators are tested with fine droplets and suction side filters are tested with coarse droplets using the same test rig layout. The rated flow (in litres per hour) is intended for the range between 50 l/h and 1 500 l/h. By agreement between customer and fuel/water separator manufacturer, and with some modifications, the procedures can be used for fuel/water separators with higher or lower flow rates.
Moteurs diesel -- Filtres à carburant -- Méthode d'évaluation de l'efficacité de séparation carburant-eau
43.060.40 - Fuel systems
ISO/TC 22/SC 34 - Propulsion, powertrain and powertrain fluids
Drafting Committee
ISO/TC 22/SC 34/WG 1 - Fuel filters
6060 - International Standard published
ISO/TS 16332:2006 - Diesel engines -- Fuel filters -- Method for evaluating fuel/water separation efficiency
ISO 16332:2018 - Diesel engines -- Fuel filters -- Method for evaluating fuel/water separation efficiency
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 16332
Diesel engines — Fuel filters —
Method for evaluating fuel/water
separation efficiency
Moteurs diesel — Filtres à carburant — Méthode d'évaluation de
l'efficacité de séparation carburant-eau
ISO 16332:2018(E)
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2018
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting
on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address
below or ISO's member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2018 – All rights reserved
Foreword ..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................v
Introduction ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................vi
1 Scope ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 1
2 Normative references ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 1
3 Terms and definitions ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 1
4 Symbols .......................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 3
5 Test equipment....................................................................................................................................................................................................... 3
5.1 Test fluids ..................................................................................................................................................................................................... 3
5.1.1 Test fuels ................................................................................................................................................................................. 3
5.1.2 Test water ...................................................................... ......................................................................................................... 4
5.2 Laboratory equipment ..................................................................................................................................................................... 5
5.2.1 General...................................................................................................................................................................................... 5
5.2.2 Sampling bottles and glassware ......................................................................................................................... 5
5.2.3 Water detection system ............................................................................................................................................. 5
5.2.4 Equipment for determination of IFT .............................................................................................................. 5
5.3 Test stand ..................................................................................................................................................................................................... 5
5.3.2 Fuel/water separator test circuit ...................................................................................................................... 5
6 Test conditions ....................................................................................................................................................................................................10
6.1 Volume of test fuel V ....................................................................................................................................................................10
6.2 Test fuel temperature T ...............................................................................................................................................................10
6.3 Test flow rate Q ................................................................................................................................................................................10
6.4 Upstream undissolved water concentration c ................................................................................................10
U,up
6.4.1 General...................................................................................................................................................................................10
6.4.2 Water injection flow rate Q ............................................................................................................................11
6.5 Back pressure ........................................................................................................................................................................................11
6.6 Sampling ....................................................................................................................................................................................................11
6.7 Droplet size distribution DSD .................................................................................................................................................11
6.8 Test duration t ..............................................................................................................................................................................11
7 Accuracy of measuring instruments and test conditions ........................................................................................11
8 Validation procedures..................................................................................................................................................................................12
8.1 General ........................................................................................................................................................................................................12
8.2 Water detection system ................................................................................................................................................................12
8.2.1 Inline water concentration measurement device (optional) .................................................12
8.2.2 Karl Fischer titration sytem ................................................................................................................................12
8.3 Emulsifying device ............................................................................................................................................................................13
8.4 Filter test circuit and water injection system ............................................................................................................13
8.4.2 Validation preparation .............................................................................................................................................13
8.4.3 Preconditioning cycle ...............................................................................................................................................14
8.4.4 Validation cycle ..............................................................................................................................................................14
9 Simplified laboratory test ........................................................................................................................................................................15
9.1 Test procedure ......................................................................................................................................................................................15
9.1.2 Pre-test preparation...................................................................................................................................................15
9.1.4 Efficiency measurement .........................................................................................................................................16
9.2 Calculation of water separation efficiency and reporting of test results ...........................................17
10 Test report ................................................................................................................................................................................................................18
Annex A (normative) Fuel treatment to obtain test fuel F2 .......................................................................................................19
© ISO 2018 – All rights reserved iii
Annex B (normative) Water emulsifying device ....................................................................................................................................21
Annex C (normative) Conditions and parameters for the determination of the interfacial
tension according to ISO 9101, drop volume method .................................................................................................28
Annex D (normative) Validation of the sampling procedure for Karl Fischer titration and
centrifuge ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................29
Annex E (normative) Determination of the concentration c of dissolved water in saturated fuel .30
Annex F (informative) Typical fuel/water separator test report .........................................................................................31
Annex G (informative) Report round robin ................................................................................................................................................33
Annex H (informative) Effect of KF-titration on the precision of water separation efficiency
measurements .....................................................................................................................................................................................................42
Bibliography .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................44
iv © ISO 2018 – All rights reserved
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/directives).
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation on the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following
URL: www .iso .org/iso/foreword .html
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 22, Road vehicles, Subcommittee SC 34,
Vehicle propulsion, powertrain, and powertrain fluids.
This document cancels and replaces the first edition ISO/TS 16332:2006 which has been technically
revised. The main changes compared to the previous edition are as follows:
— test fuel definition;
— change of IFT measurement standard and interface age;
— droplet size distribution;
— test duration;
— additional preconditioning cycle; and
— validation of test procedure by conduction of two round robin tests (see Annex G).
© ISO 2018 – All rights reserved v
Modern fuel injection systems, installed in passenger cars, as well as in heavy duty or off-road
applications, require high and stable separation efficiencies for all insoluble contaminants in the fuel to
ensure a prolonged life. Beside solid contamination, undissolved water, in finely or coarsely emulsified
form, can also reduce the lifetime of injection systems. Suitable fuel/water separators, having a high
level water separation efficiency, are an absolute necessity for system longevity.
Factors found to affect the separation efficiency of undissolved water in the field are mainly due to the
fuel quality, which can differ widely in different regions of the world and which can also differ when
biogenic components are added to the fuel. Additionally the separation efficiency is strongly influenced
by fuel composition.
Separation efficiency tests can be applied mainly for two purposes:
— To evaluate the field performance of a fuel/water separator
To evaluate the performance of a fuel/water separator close to field conditions, the usage of
commercially, untreated fuel as test fluid is necessary.
— To compare fuel/water separators under repeatable test conditions
For a fuel/water separator comparison in the laboratory, fuel conditioning is necessary to achieve
constant and repeatable test conditions. Water separation efficiency results obtained with treated
fuel can be significantly different from those with commercially available, untreated fuel.
Tests performed with new fuel/water separators can lead to considerably higher water separation
efficiencies.
NOTE Ageing of the fuel/water separator due to operational conditions can strongly affect the water
separation function of a fuel/water separator. To test a fuel/water separator in an "end of life" state, it can be aged
in advance. It is proposed to do this by a standardized ageing procedure, to get comparable "end of life" states.
However, it is not a part of this document nor any other ISO standard. This procedure may be explored in future.
vi © ISO 2018 – All rights reserved
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 16332:2018(E)
Diesel engines — Fuel filters — Method for evaluating fuel/
water separation efficiency
This document specifies a fuel/water separator comparison test under defined and simplified
laboratory conditions.
This test is intended for pressure side fuel/water separators as well as for suction side fuel/water
separators. Pressure side fuel/water separators are tested with fine droplets and suction side filters
are tested with coarse droplets using the same test rig layout.
The rated flow (in litres per hour) is intended for the range between 50 l/h and 1 500 l/h. By agreement
between customer and fuel/water separator manufacturer, and with some modifications, the
procedures can be used for fuel/water separators with higher or lower flow rates.
ISO 1219-1, Fluid power systems and components — Graphical symbols and circuit diagrams — Part 1:
Graphical symbols for conventional use and data-processing applications
ISO 9101, Surface active agents — Determination of interfacial tension — Drop volume method
ISO 6889, Surface active agents — Determination of interfacial tension by drawing up liquid films
ISO 12937, Petroleum products — Determination of water — Coulometric Karl Fischer titration method
ISO 13320, Particle size analysis — Laser diffraction methods
ASTM D4176–04 (2009), Standard Test Method for Free Water and Particulate Contamination in Distillate
Fuels (Visual Inspection Procedures)
For the purpose of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
— IEC Electropedia: available at http: //www .electropedia .org/
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https: //www .iso .org/obp
work which is required to increase the interface of the liquid by one surface area unit
Note 1 to entry: In case of additivated liquids, the IFT-value has a significant time dependency. Therefore the
default value for the interface age within ISO 16332-usage is defined at 10 s.
Note 2 to entry: The conditions and parameters for determination of IFT by the drop volume method according
to ISO 9101 are defined in Annex C.
© ISO 2018 – All rights reserved 1
Note 3 to entry: Interfacial tension is equivalent to the specific interfacial energy and is expressed in Millinewtons
per meter (mN/m). Alternative methods to determine the IFT (at 10 s) can be used, as long as the comparability
to ISO 9101 is ensured.
droplet size distribution
percentage of the droplet population in different size ranges
Note 1 to entry: For further information, see B.3.
water concentration at the saturation level of dissolved water
concentration of water in water saturated test fuel with the IFT adjusted by Monoolein
Note 1 to entry: The determination of c is defined in Annex E.
base water concentration
concentration of water in the test fuel, determined after the preconditioning cycle
Note 1 to entry: See 8.4.3 or 9.1.3.
Note 2 to entry: In case one of the c -values [determined in 9.1.4 c) and d)] is lower than c (determined in
T,down,i B
9.1.3) take the lowest value as c .
undissolved water concentration
concentration of free water, that is concentration above base water concentration
total water concentration
summation of base water concentration and undissolved water concentration
Note 1 to entry: c = c + c .
T U B
sample index
integer from 1 to n, where n equals the number of samples
instantaneous water separation efficiency
water separation efficiency, at test time t
average water separation efficiency
average water separation efficiency, calculated based on the average downstream water concentration
Note 1 to entry: Calculation according to 9.2 e).
2 © ISO 2018 – All rights reserved
calibration flow rate
fuel flow rate, which is adjusted for calibration purpose of the emulsifying device
Note 1 to entry: The calibration procedure is defined in B.4.
sampling point index
< up> reference to the upstream sampling point
< down> reference to the downstream sampling point
4 Symbols
Graphical symbols used in this document for fluid power system components are in accordance with
ISO 1219-1.
5 Test equipment
5.1 Test fluids
5.1.1 Test fuels
For the validation and for each filter test one of the following three kinds of fuels can be used as test fuel.
— F1 Unmodified service station fuel
— F2 Standard test fuels: Fuels, treated according to Annex A
Test fuel F2.1: High IFT test fuel
— IFT (10 s): 22 ± 2 mN/m, according to ISO 9101, parameterized according to Annex C
Alternatively IFT (60 s): 20 ± 2 mN/m, according to ISO 9101 or ISO 6889.
— Separability (ASTM D 1401): To be reported
Test fuel F2.2: Low IFT test fuel
— IFT (10 s): 13 ± 2 mN/m, according to ISO 9101
To describe the test fuel used, the following parameters shall be determined:
— IFT(10 s) and IFT(60 s);
— separability (ASTM D 1401);
— water saturation level according to Annex E;
— bio diesel content (optional);
— density (optional);
— kinematic viscosity (optional);
— CFPP (optional).
t interface age (s)
IFT interfacial tension (mN/m)
1 F1 (B0 Premium field fuel)
3 F 2.1
Figure 1 — Time dependency of interfacial tension [IFT(t)] for F1 fuels, F2.1 and F2.2 fuel
Figure 1 is showing two typical IFT(t)-curves for commercially available F1 fuels and for F 2.1 and
F 2.2 fuel.
Depending on the F1-quality, the brand/product specific slope in IFT(t) does not allow to deduct the F1
IFT(10 s) value based on the measured F1 IFT(60 s) value.
The Monoolein specific slope in IFT(t) of F2 fuel is stable and reproducible, therefore the deduction of
the F2 IFT(10 s)value - based on the measured F2 IFT(60 s) value - is valid and proven.
The test fuel shall be stored in a sealed container, protected from humidity, dust and light.
For each filter test fresh fuel shall be used. In the case of F2 fuel, fresh fuel can be achieved by retreating
used fuel according to Annex A.
5.1.2 Test water
Clean, distilled or deionised water, with a surface tension of 70 mN/m -72 mN/m, measured at
20 °C ± 1,5 °C.
5.2 Laboratory equipment
All laboratory equipment and glassware, required to determine the water concentration, shall be
according to ISO 12937.
5.2.2 Sampling bottles and glassware
100 ml sampling bottles carefully cleaned and dried, free of any residuals from the cleaning process.
5.2.3 Water detection system
5.2.3.1 Karl Fischer (KF) titrator
As commercially available.
For biodiesel and biodiesel containing fuels the direct Karl Fischer method is recommended.
Humidity is probably the largest source of error during the titration process. Special precautions shall
be taken during setup and testing. The amount of water per sample should be ≥50 µg to reach a good
relation between titration time and accuracy.
5.2.3.2 Centrifuge
For higher water concentration as specified in 6.4.1, 20 000 ppm water concentration, a centrifuge
according to D.2 can be used. The measurement accuracy according to Table 1 shall be confirmed.
5.2.4 Equipment for determination of IFT
The equipment for determination of the interfacial tension shall be according to ISO 9101.
5.3 Test stand
The test stand, shown diagrammatically in Figure 2, shall comprise a fuel/water separator test circuit
as described in 5.3.2.
All parts in contact with fuel, should be made of stainless steel.
5.3.2 Fuel/water separator test circuit
5.3.2.1 Fuel sump (1)
The container with a conical bottom should be made of stainless steel. The fuel outlet shall be located
at the lowest point of bottom. The container shall be able to contain the volume as specified in 6.1. The
fuel sump shall be covered with a non-transparent cover to protect the fuel from light. The fuel sump
shall contain a suitable device to maintain homogeneity of its content.
5.3.2.2 Water sump (6)
The container should be made of stainless steel or corrosion resistant material with appropriate volume.
NOTE Instead of the container, a continuous water supply unit can be used.
5.3.2.3 Heat exchanger (3)
The heat exchanger shall be able to maintain the test fuel temperature T within the tolerances given in
Alternative to the position of the heat exchanger depicted in Figure 2, the heat exchanger can as well be
positioned downstream the back pressure gauge (16).
5.3.2.4 Test pump (2)
A pump type shall be chosen, which does not exhibit pressure pulsation with an amplitude greater than
10 % of the average pressure at the inlet of the water emulsifying device.
5.3.2.5 Water injection pump (7)
The pump type shall be adjustable to enable a water concentration in the test circuit between 1 500 ppm
and 20 000 ppm over the complete flow rate of test fluid.
5.3.2.6 Fuel flow meter (5a)
The equipment shall be suitable for the complete range of the flow rate of test fluid with an accuracy as
specified in Table 1.
5.3.2.7 Water flow meter (5b)
The equipment shall be suitable for the complete range of the required injection range with an accuracy
as specified in Table 1.
5.3.2.8 Injection device (8)
The concept shall allow a continuous water injection. The resulting DSD at the injection point shall be
validated. The validation criterion is defined by:
d shall be greater or equal to the d value chosen according to 6.7
5.3.2.9 Water emulsifying device (9)
The concept shall be able to generate a DSD as specified according to 6.7. Jet emulsification - as described
in Annex B is recommended to be applied.
For each combination of emulsifying device, test fuel, flow rate and temperature a calibration curve is
In case the jet emulsification concept in accordance with Annex B is used, the calibration procedure is
described in B.4.
5.3.2.10 Operating pressure gauge (10)
The operating pressure is defined at the up-stream side of the test fuel water separator (14). The
required accuracy is specified in Table 1.
5.3.2.11 Differential pressure gauges (11)
The required accuracy is specified in Table 1.
5.3.2.12 Upstream sampling point (12)
The upstream sampling point shall be designed as illustrated in Figure 4.
5.3.2.13 Temperature indicator (13)
5.3.2.14 Water drainage system (15)
Realized as a graduated and transparent collector (e.g. laboratory measuring cylinder), located directly
below the test fuel/water separator (14). The internal diameter of the connecting pipe between the test
fuel/water separator (14) and the graduated water drainage system (15) shall be of at least 10 mm an
unconstrained removal of water. It shall be realized with pressure-tight fittings. The collector volume
shall be drainable at its lowest point.
The collector volume shall be adjusted to the total amount of water injected, with a maximum of 5 % of
the volume of test fuel V (according to 6.1).
In case the collected amount of water is reaching 80 % of the collector volume, the water shall be drained
out of the collector within approx. 1 min. The collector outlet valve shall be adjusted adequately. Care
should be taken, not to take samples during or immediately after the water draining.
5.3.2.15 Back pressure gauge (16)
For determination of back pressure with an accuracy as specified in Table 1.
5.3.2.16 Back pressure control valve (17) (optional equipment)
The backpressure control valve is to ease test fuel/water separator venting, to adjus
ISO 12345:2021(Main)
Diesel engines -- Cleanliness assessment of fuel injection equipment
This document specifies cleanliness assessment procedures for evaluating the amount of debris found within the clean side of diesel fuel injection assemblies, which could lead to a reduction in the system's operational effectiveness. While other International Standards, e.g. ISO 16232, relate to cleanliness of components used in road vehicle fluid circuits, this document is focused on diesel fuel injection assemblies as supplied to diesel engine manufacturers or the service market.
Gasoline engines with direct fuel injection (GDI engines) -- Installation of the injectors to the engine
This document specifies the dimensions required for the installation and integration of the fuel injectors in gasoline (GDI) engines. It also describes the interface of the fuel injector cup within the fuel rail to the individual injector. NOTE When the word "fuel" is used in the terms listed, it can be omitted, provided there is no misunderstanding.
ISO/TS 12103-3:2020(Main)
Road vehicles -- Test contaminants for filter evaluation
This document defines particle size distribution by number and chemical content limits involving one grade of test aerosol made from combustion soot.
Gasoline engines with direct injection -- Cleanliness assessment of fuel injection equipment
This document specifies cleanliness assessment procedures for evaluating the amount of debris present on the clean side of the constituent parts of high-pressure gasoline direct fuel injection systems. The presence of such debris could lead to a reduction in the system's operational performance. While other International Standards (e.g. ISO 16232) relate to the cleanliness of different types of components used in road vehicle fluid circuits, this document focuses on the special procedures applied for the components of gasoline direct fuel injection systems.
ISO 22241-1:2019/Amd 1:2019(Amendment)
ISO 22241-1:2019/Amd 1:2019
ISO 22241-4:2019(Main)
Diesel engines -- NOx reduction agent AUS 32
This document specifies the refilling interface for the NOx reduction agent AUS 32 in conformance with ISO 22241‑1, which is needed to operate converters with a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) exhaust treatment system. This document specifies the minimum functional and geometric requirements of an open refilling system, in order to ensure compatibility between the on-board refilling system and the off-board refilling system. Compatibility conditions for a sealed refilling system are provided in Annex A. This document applies to commercial vehicles and buses as defined in ISO 3833 and having a gross vehicle mass of more than 3,5 t, designed to use stationary off-board refilling systems. This document also applies to the nozzle of stationary off-board refilling systems. NOTE Throughout this document, the term "NOx reduction agent AUS 32" is abbreviated to "AUS 32".
This document applies to diesel engine powered road vehicles using selective catalytic reduction (SCR) technology. It is primarily intended for use by passenger cars and light commercial vehicles including buses with a gross vehicle mass of not more than 3,5 t, but can also be used by vehicles with a gross vehicle mass of over 3,5 t. This document specifies the refilling interface for the NOx reduction agent AUS 32 in conformance with ISO 22241‑1, which is needed to operate converters with selective catalytic reduction (SCR) exhaust treatment system. This document specifies the essential functional and geometric requirements of the refilling system in order to ensure compatibility between the on-board refilling system and the off-board refilling system. For light commercial vehicles and buses having a gross vehicle mass of not more than 3,5 t, the open refilling system specified in ISO 22241‑4 can be used. NOTE Throughout this document, the term "NOx reduction agent AUS 32" is abbreviated to "AUS 32".
This document specifies the quality characteristics of the NOx reduction agent AUS 32 (aqueous urea solution) which is needed to operate selective catalytic reduction (SCR) converter systems in motor vehicles with diesel engines. SCR converter systems are particularly suitable for selectively reducing the nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions of diesel engines.
This document specifies test methods required for determination of the quality and chemical characteristics of NOx reduction agent AUS 32 (aqueous urea solution) as specified in ISO 22241-1.
ISO 7612:2018(Main)
Diesel engines -- Base-mounted in-line fuel injection pumps and high-pressure supply pumps for common rail fuel injection systems -- Mounting dimensions
This document specifies dimensional requirements for base-mounted in-line fuel injection pumps and high-pressure supply pumps for common rail fuel injection systems for diesel (compression-ignition) engines.


text:
#include <pcl/sample_consensus/impl/sac_model_circle.hpp>

#ifndef PCL_NO_PRECOMPILE
#include <pcl/impl/instantiate.hpp>
#include <pcl/point_types.h>
// Instantiations of specific point types
#ifdef PCL_ONLY_CORE_POINT_TYPES
  PCL_INSTANTIATE(SampleConsensusModelCircle2D, (pcl::PointXYZ)(pcl::PointXYZI)(pcl::PointXYZRGBA)(pcl::PointXYZRGB))
#else
  PCL_INSTANTIATE(SampleConsensusModelCircle2D, PCL_XYZ_POINT_TYPES)
#endif
#endif    // PCL_NO_PRECOMPILE

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


COLUMBIA - On October 14th, KOMU reported on a story about how the Affordable Care Act made preventative screening more accessible to women. Some viewers commented on KOMU's Facebook calling the story "free advertisement" for the new healthcare program. In this week's Your View, we take a closer look at how we reported on the story.
During Breast Cancer Awareness Month, one KOMU reporter found the new Affordable Healthcare Act allows more women to access preventive health care.
The story got some negative comments on KOMU's Facebook.
Viewer Susan Green McMichael questioned the validity of the story, saying,"This is a lie, because of the ACA, my insurance doesn't cover mammograms anymore."
Another viewer, John Birdno, wrote, "Channel 8, it appears that you may be supporting Obamacare," he said. "Whether or not you 'support' it, is your business. However, when you 'promote' it, you, as a news affiliate, are stepping way beyond your boundaries of reporting the news. In the future, let's try to report the news, not make it. Thanks."
KOMU's News Director Stacey Woelfel said the story was reported without bias and it was a mere overview of one portion of the Affordable Care Act.
"You have a lot of people responding who have an intense dislike for the program, and so they're really lashing out to attack any coverage of it when they may not even have read it entirely in some cases," Woelfel said.
The reporter of the story explains her story is based on the information on the ACA website and says she made it clear that "more" women are covered under the act, but not "all" women.
MU Associate Journalism Professor Earnest Perry said he thinks this is a valid story.
"I don't think it's a promotion for the Obamacare," he said. "I think the reporter is providing information that women now have the ability to have this preventive test done and be covered under their insurance under the new affordable care act."
Perry said one mistake the reporter made was calling it "President Obama's Affordable Healthcare Act" in the first sentence.
"Part of the thing that maybe got the viewers upset was the fact she initially said it was the President's law, and maybe she has just stuck to Affordable Care Act, instead of Obamacare, it may not have been much of an issue," Perry said.
"We try not to use labels that one side puts on something to diminish it or whatever," Woelfel said. "Interestingly enough its just how language works that it has come to be the term that both sides call it often."
So what do you think? Do you think we covered this story fairly? Let us know on facebook, twitter or google plus.


text:
A Mormon Helps End The Cold War
One more mild Mormon I have known came to mind as I rewatched one of my all-time favorite movies, "The Яussians are Coming! The Яussians are Coming!" This was the first film for child actor Johnny Whitaker (credited as "Johnnie" Whitaker). I knew him as a missionary heading for Portugal when I taught in the MTC (the LDS Missionary Training Center in Provo, Utah). He was a very nice Elder and an example of the rare successful survivor of childhood stardom. He had his troubles later as an adult, and he still came out a survivor now counseling those with substance abuse problems.
Johnny Whitaker circa 1966
His most famous role was as Jody in "A Family Affair." Sure, a little syrupy, but not bad for a family show of the 1960s. Apparently, Brian Keith, the star of that show, was impressed by Johnny in his brief appearance in the "Яussians" movie and encouraged him to try out for the part in "A Family Affair."
His first movie appearance is in a good film. It is well written and well acted. Some of the great comic actors of the 60s appeared, Brian Keith, Jonathon Winters, Carl Reiner, Paul Ford, and Alan Arkin. The story has a Russian submarine captain, distracted by his first view of America through the periscope, run ashore on a New England Island full of interesting characters. Alan Arkin, because he can speak passable English, is sent ashore with a squad of sailors to find a boat to pull the sub off the sandbar. They meet Carl Reiner, as a playwright with his family at a rented summer home. There follows a lot of comedic miscommunication and confusion with the local townspeople stirred up in patriotic minuteman fervor and the Carl Reiner character trying to protect his family and prove his bravery to his young son and at the same time prevent the breakout of World War III. It all leads to a tense scene when the rather thick-headed submarine captain prepares to fire on the little harbor town when a small boy, played by Johnny, climbs up the church tower with a friend to get a better view and falls, caught by his belt and dangles from the tower. The Russian sailors scramble in cooperation with the townspeople to rescue the boy. The townspeople then take to their boats to escort the submarine out to sea to shield it from attack by the US Air Force. Comedy had a happy ending in the 60s and this friendlier version of the Cold War.
There is one line that really caught my attention this time through. Carl Reiner's character, Walt Whitaker (a.k.a. "Whitaker Walt") after several encounters throughout the movie, ends up firing the Russian tommy gun at the Alan Arkin Russian character. The little, black Volkswagen he was driving crashes into a fence post and Whitaker runs up in concern shouting, "Are you OK? I didn't mean to hurt you. Well, I did, but I didn't mean it personally." It was a clear message of the writers promoting humanity over the dehumanizing aspect of any war. Even without shots being fired, we often do the same dehumanizing thing in our political disputes.
The most moralizing is done by the young Russian sailor and the Whitaker's babysitter who fall in "a great affection" for each other. But it's a good moral! As recorded by IMDB:
Alexei Kolchin: In Union of Soviet, when I am only young boy, many are saying, Americanski are bad people, they will attack Russia. So all mistrust American. But I think that I do not mistrust American... not really sinceriously. I wish not to hate... anybody!
[He throws a stone into the sea]
Alexei Kolchin: This make good reason to you, Alison Palmer?
Alison Palmer: Well, of course it does. It doesn't make sense to hate people. It's such a waste of time.
It reminds me of that sweet kid, Johnny Whitaker. Hang in there, Johnny!
Labels: children, communism, Conservatives, enemies, missionary, mormon, war
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This our basic robot power distribution board. The module features screw terminal connectors for your control and drive batteries, charging, power switch, and external LED. A low current switch can be wired to the designated switch header to control the smaller 10A relay. The adjacent LED header is equipped with a 1k resistor so an external LED can be wired directly to the circuit board.
The 10A relay supply power to (6) 0.100" friction lock headers. An optional connector kit can be found on the bottom of this page. The 30A relays have (2) high current outputs with 5.0mm screw terminals. The 30A relay also supplies power to (1) additional low current 0.100" friction lock header.
The 30A relay's coil is brought out to the adjacent header. This can be connected to the output of the 10A relays or a high current driver (TE-010-800) can be used to control the relay with a microcontroller like an Arduino.
Assembly. This is a kit and ships unassembled. Select the option at the bottom of the page for use to assemble it for you.
Headers. The kit ships with the headers seen in the picture above. For additional friction lock headers, please select the option at the bottom of the page.
Dedicated screw terminals for battery and charge input.
External control of drive relay.
*Select if you want the optional Molex Friction Lock Connectors included.
*Any surface mount components are pre-assembled to the board. ONLY the through components are unassembled by default. If you wish we can assemble the through hole components too.


Allu Sirish's next is titled 'ABCD'. The film's hero will be seen as a US-returned young man who is awed by the cultural differences in India. Directed by debutant Sanjeev Reddy, it has been produced by Madhura Sridhar Reddy and BigBen Cinemas.
The news is that the film's release date has been announced. "Please mark the date on your calendar. ABCD arrives on the 17th May 2019. Trailer will be out soon. See you soon at cinemas!" the Mega hero said.
Jana Sena leader Nagababu will be seen as the Mega hero's father. Rukshar Thillan (Rukshar Dhillon of 'Krishnarjuna Yuddham') is the leading lady.


text:
Q: I want to know why my 'login logic' always false condition? I want to know why when I make the syntax for the login logic but the password and ID are always wrong? did I do something wrong to my code?
Here's the code
public class tester {
    public static void main (String[] args){
        Data baru = new Data();

        baru.id.add("HelloGays");
        baru.password.add("hi");
        System.out.println(baru.id.toString());
        System.out.println(baru.password.toString());
        GetCredentials login = new GetCredentials(baru.id,baru.password);
    }
}

I initialized the id and password variables as above, then
public class Data {
    public ArrayList<String> id = new ArrayList<>();
    public ArrayList<String> password = new ArrayList<>();

}

that's class for the data collection that i initialized in class Tester
public class GetCredentials {

    public GetCredentials(ArrayList id, ArrayList password){
        Scanner input = new Scanner(System.in);

        String akses,akses2;
        boolean buffer2=false,kontol=false;
        id = new ArrayList<>();

        System.out.print("Input your ID         :");
        akses = input.nextLine();
        boolean buffer = id.contains(akses);

        password = new ArrayList<>();

        System.out.print("Enter your password   :");

        akses2 = input.nextLine();
        try{
        buffer2 = (password.get(id.indexOf(akses)).equals(akses2));
        }catch(ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException e){
            kontol = true;
        }
        if (buffer2==true){
            System.out.println("Succsessful Login");}
        else{
            kontol=true;}

        if (kontol){
            System.err.println("Wrong ID/Password");
        }

        input.close();
    }
}

and above is the syntax for checking login credentials

A: It's because id and password collections are empty.
id = new ArrayList<>();
password = new ArrayList<>();

These instructions will create new empty collections, so when you try to obtain the password for a user, it will always fail, because there is no single user or password in those collections.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


A departure from New Zealand or Australia not only allows one to visit the true Antarctic, but also allows a visit to the wildlife-rich subantarctic islands of New Zealand and Australia. These islands house some of the most amazing wildlife spectacles anywhere as well as holding some of the world's rarest and most threatened species of bird. For any connoisseur of Southern Ocean seabirds, this is a simply essential trip with an unrivalled selection of albatrosses and penguins. For the intrepid traveller, it is possible to venture in the footsteps of Scott and Shackleton, with a visit to the remote Ross Sea region, and here it is even possible to find the largest, but least often seen, penguin, the Emperor Penguin.
An amazing cruise from New Zealand to Japan. Full details will be published here in due course, but until then, and to get a flavour of the cruise, click the link above to see details on our Birdquest website.
Heritage Expeditions are a very experienced operator based in New Zealand who we have worked successfully with for many years now, operating many of our group tours through them. They offer the most extensive repertoire of cruises to the Antarctic Peninsula from Australia, as well as cruises to the Subantarctic Islands and southwest Pacific. Click here to view their full programme. If you find a cruise that tempts you, please don't forget to email or call us for a competitive quote for your holiday.
Quark Expeditions are one of the major names in Antarctic Expedition cruising, offering a number of departures that operate through the Australasian side of the continent. We have worked with Quark for many years, operating many of our group tours through them. Click here to view their full programme. If you find a cruise that tempts you, please don't forget to email or call us for a competitive quote for your holiday.
A pair of Royal Penguins on Macquarie Island - the only place in the world where this fabulous species breeds.
A snapshot of some of the awesome scenery to be found at Cape Hallet in the Ross Sea.


Regulations relate to research integrity, cost accounting and cash management, and conflicts of interest -- among other matters. Information on institutional research compliance is provided by the Office of Sponsored Programs. The Vice Provost for Research (VPR) is the institutional official charged with ensuring that throughout all Schools of the College, the university's research enterprise is managed in accordance with federal, state, and institutional regulations and guidelines.
The Vice President for Finance reminds all faculty and staff [pdf] that every research proposal must be submitted to the Office of Sponsored Programs prior to submission to the funding agency. More detailed information about the submission process is provided online by the Office of Sponsored Programs.
The VPR provides a Research Compliance Reminder Memorandum informing researchers of other advance approval requirements, such as research involving human subjects (including surveys) or infectious agents.
Research involving (a) live human subjects, (b) radioactive materials, (c) vertebrate animals, or (d) recombinant DNA, infectious agents (including wild-caught animals that may harbor infections agents), or human fluid or tissue.
These four classes of research may be performed only subject to specific protocols subject to advance review and approval by specific university committees. Information is available through the Office of Sponsored Programs.
Research involving Select Agents and Toxins (chemicals), high levels of noise, hazardous waste, and other workplace hazards.
This type of research may require compliance activities related to OSHA and other workplace safety laws. Guidance and protocols are available from the W&M Office of Environmental Health & Safety.
Research involving work with certain foreign nationals, travel to certain foreign countries, release of certain information to foreign nationals, or research involving technology or devices that may have a military or intelligence application.
These research activities may be regulated under Export Administration Regulations (EAR), International Traffic in Arms Regulations (ITAR), or Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC) restrictions. Visit the Office of Sponsored Programs' website for guidance about export controls.
In addition, restrictions on use of intellectual property and copyrighted materials, and on conflicts of interest, are applicable to all researchers. Guidance on these restrictions is found in university policies.
This page last updated August 2016.


single gable and ridge stacks.
attics, 4 bays. Windows have brick flat arches with keystones.
again, 3 segment headed dormers with 2-light casements.
height panelling, C18, with moulded cornice and overmantel.
properties..... in Lincoln Minster Close: London: 1987-).


Rachel Friedman has a Masters of Forest Science from the University of Washington and a Bachelors of Science from Hampshire College. This science background led her into the environmental regulatory world for approximately 30 years. Her career spanned local, state and federal service in a variety of capacities. She rounded out her public service career with the National Marine Fisheries Service implementing the Endangered Species Act. She was primarily responsible for working on pesticide toxicity issues affecting threatened and endangered salmon species throughout the Pacific Northwest. She has a deep abiding passion for the protection of our earth. Currently, Rachel owns a small business in Olympia, Motion in Balance Studio. She serves on the board of the Zonta Club of Olympia and is also a member of Dining out for Women. Rachel has 2 sons, both grown and gone and is married to Larry Geri, faculty of The Evergreen State College.
Aaron serves as director of operations for Batdorf & Bronson Coffee Roasters, and also plays in local bands, amongst them the legendary DBST.
Chris is a graduate of community and regional planning at the University of British Columbia. He works for the Thurston County Public Health department as its Active Healthy Communities Coordinator, preventing chronic disease by making environment and policy changes to support healthier eating and increased physical activity. Chris has served over the past decade with several South Sound public interest and non-profit organizations in environment and social development work, including Alliance for Public Transportation, Capital Bicycling Club, Climate Solutions/Energy Outreach Center, Olympia Safe Streets, South Sound YMCA and SPEECH. He has followed a passion for outdoor activity by advocating for active transportation and trails at the local and state level.
Joe Hyer graduated from Pacific University in 1994, with a degree in Creative Writing. By 1996, he had opened The Alpine Experience, an outdoor retail store in Downtown Olympia. He served on the Olympia City Council from 2004-2010- including assignments such as – Solid Waste Advisory Committee (County & State), Visitor & Convention Bureau Board, EDC Board, EMS Council, General Government Committee Chair, and Finance Chair. In addition, he has served on the Board of Directors of the Outdoor Industry Association (Nat'l trade group) and Olympia Downtown Association.
Currently, Joe is a partner with the Percival Consulting Group, contracted to oversee and operate the Buy Local and TC Pro-net programs for the organization. He still lives in Downtown Olympia, with his two dogs, Baldur the Grat Dane and Maq the Havaton.


A highly versatile process, rotational molding allows for incredible design flexibility with the added benefit of low production costs. One of its advantages over other plastics processes is that one can mold more complex shapes with uniform wall thickness. This book provides an introduction to the design, materials, tooling, and process, and helps readers understand and apply the manufacturing techniques involved in rotational molding.
Contents: The Rotational Molding Industry. Rotational Molding Materials. Design Considerations. Rotational Molding Molds. Understanding the Process. Costing Considerations. When to Chose Rotational Molding. Predictions for the Future. Glossary of Common Rotational Molding Terms.
Ganz wesentliche Informationen werden in diesem Buch erstmalig veröffentlicht.


For thirty years, the art and craft of jewelry making has filled my life. As a teenager, I began assembling buttons and creating jewelry.
I knew early on that I had the talent and perhaps. more importantly, the patience to fabricate jewelry. When I began working with metals and actual gems, I developed a love affair with design, color, and form. I am particularly fascinated with unusual pearls and stones. These pieces should be designed and set with a clean, technical delivery. I strive to make my designs wearable and comfortable, as well as beautiful.
I collect gems wherever I go, whether it be to India or New Mexico. I am as likely to buy stones in an antique store as I am at a trade show. I will often create a series around my latest "find," and many of the pieces you see cannot be duplicated. Although my jewelry takes on many forms it always retains its clean lines and wearability.
I make many of my pieces on a custom basis designed to fit an individual's personality and look. My greatest desire is to please the wearer of my jewelry.


text:
Bhavesh Balchandani Age, Height, Girlfriend, Serials, Biography and More
Bhavesh Balchandani (born 14 April 2001) is an Indian Television and Film actor known for playing the role of young Ranvijay Singh in Star Plus's Ek Veer Ki Ardaas… Veera. Here is his biography, wiki, life story, and more.
Bhavesh Balchandani was born and brought up in Surat, Gujrat, India. In 2009, he participated as a contestant in India's Got Talent. He made his television acting debut in 2011 with Colors TV's Phulwa. He has appeared in many TV commercials.
Bhavesh Balchandani Biography/ Wiki
Height and Body Measurements
Bhavesh Balchandani Social Handle
Some FAQ About Bhavesh Balchandani
Name Bhavesh Balchandani
Known For Playing Young Ranvijay in Ek Veer Ki Ardaas… Veera
Birthplace Surat, Gujrat, India
Age (as in 2020 ) 19 Years
Hometown Surat, Gujrat, India
Shivin Narang Biography, Wiki, and Life story. He has also played Ranvijay Singh in Ek Veera Ki Ardaas, Veera,
Bhavesh Balchandani started his acting career in 2011 with Colors TV's Phulwa where he played the role of Babu. Next, he appeared in Star Plus's popular soap opera "Ek Veer Ki Ardaas…Veera" as young Ranvijay Singh. In 2015 he played young 'Arjuna' in Sony TV's Suryaputra Karn. here is a list of all his tv shows.
2009 India's Got Talent Contestant
2011 Phulwa Young Babu
2012-13 Ek Veer i Ardaas… Veera Young Ranvijay
2014 CID Bunty
2015 Suryaputra Karn Arjuna
2016 Crime Patrol Ravi
2016 Tuyul & Mba Yul Reborn Bhavesh
2017 Baal Krishna Krishna
2018 Naamkaran Samrat
2018 Tenali Rama Birbal
2013 Ek Thi Daayan Zubin
2015 Hamari Adhuri Kahani Aarav Ruparel
2013 Indian Telly Awards- Best Child Artiste- Male Ek Veer Ki Ardaas… Veera Won
Facebook Not Sure!
Instagram bhavesh_roxx
Twitter Not Sure!
YouTube Bhavesh_Roxx
Tejaasswi Prakash Biography, Wiki, affairs, photos and more.
Bhavesh Balchandani was born on 14 April 2001 (age 19 years; as in 2020) in Surat, India.
His Zodiac sign is Aries.
He also owns a YouTube channel named "Bhavesh Roxx" where he uploads his dancing videos.
Bhavesh Balchandani's height is around 5 feet 3 inches. i.e 160 cm.
This article highlights the biography, wiki & life story of an Indian film and television actor "Bhavesh Balchandani" who is known for TV serials like "Ek Veer Ki Ardaas… Veera, Baal Krishna, Suryputra Karn, Tenali Ram, and More. Balchandani was born & raised up in Surat, Gujarat, India. He started his career as a child actor but now he has grown up in 2020 April he will be 19 years old. So this was his biography, wiki, and life story.
Article Title: Bhavesh Balchandani Biography
References: Wikipedia


text:
The Haunting of MR James in Norfolk
PUBLISHED: 10:05 08 May 2019
Photo: Jason Figgis
Some of the spookiest stories around were written by an academic who loved the brooding atmosphere of ancient and isolated East Anglian villages
Some of the spookiest stories around were written by an academic who loved the brooding atmosphere of ancient and isolated East Anglian villages.
Montague Rhodes James, who wrote as MR James, began scaring himself by making up ghost stories as a child.
As an academic he catalogued the medieval manuscripts at Cambridge University and was director of the Fitzwilliam Museum. Every Christmas Eve he would read ghost stories to his fellow Cambridge tutors. Later the BBC adapted several of them for television.
A new film of his life, The Haunting of MR James, explores whether the author believed in ghosts himself.
"James, highly regarded as the father of the modern ghost story, would never publicly admit in life to paranormal experiences, yet there is ample evidence that suggested he did believe, albeit privately," said John West, associate producer of the film.
The documentary was directed by Jason Figgis, who fell in love with East Anglia when he made a film about photographer Simon Marsden. Much of his MR James story was filmed in Methwold, near Thetford.
"Methwold was a place where James spent a lot of time," said John. "It was also a perfect place for filming as the scenery looks lovely on camera.
"Norfolk's landscape, legends and rich heritage certainly inspired James in his ghost stories and some elements of Norfolk folklore are borrowed for his stories."
MR James, whose stories often focus on the discovery of an ancient book or object which unleashes the wrath of an evil from beyond the grave, also wrote a travelogue book about Norfolk and Suffolk, published in 1930.
The BBC adaptation of James' The Stalls of Barchester was filmed in Norwich, while A Warning to the Curious, based on a legend of three Anglo-Saxon crowns buried in Norfolk, Suffolk and Essex to protect the coast from invasion, was filmed in Happisburgh, Waxham, Wells-next-the-Sea and Sheringham.
The Haunting of MR James was released on DVD and can be seen on Amazon Prime and Google Play.


text:
layout: default
games:

 - title: Star Crucible
   author: Diego Ponce de León
   brief: On board the Ark, a ship designed to reach the farthest corners of the galaxy, you'll visit new and amazing worlds, filled with strange life forms.
   image: starcrucible.gif
   date: 15/10/2016

 - title: Star Blaster
   author: Sergio Ariel Barrionuevo
   brief: Simple 2D sidescrolling shmup.
   link: https://stratoserge.itch.io/star-blaster
   image: starblaster.gif
   date: 15/10/2016

 - title: "Classic Heroes: Prologue"
   author: Emanuel Oscar Nicolás Segretín
   brief: Short platformer inspired on Little Samson and the buggy earlier Rockman enemy spawn system.
   link: https://eons.itch.io/classic-heroes-prologue
   image: chp.gif
   date: 30/07/2016

 - title: P-Changer
   author: Alejandro Coria Bayer
   brief: Puzzle video game in English and Spanish
   link: https://darkphantom.itch.io/p-changer
   image: pchanger.gif
   date: 19/12/2015
---

{% for game in page.games %}

{{ game.title }}

 {{game.author}} - {{game.date}}

{{ game.brief }}

{% endfor %}


Discussion in 'Microphones (live or studio)' started by Ridley, Dec 27, 2011.
I'm currently using a M-Audio Fasttrack USB with my Yamaha HS50Ms. Whenever I play back music, whether it be from a movie, Cubase, Audicity, or mp3s, I get this really LOUD static noise that will randomly blast out at me during a track. This happens with headphones plugged in as well. I do not know what the cause is and it is completely random (doesn't show up on the track), but it is going to make me go deaf if it keeps happening. Any thoughts? Is this interface a POS?
I currently have the interface set at 256 Latency and 44.1 kHz Sample Rate.


The logo above says it all. In the late 1990's, WCHX was a unique station that combined Classic Rock with CHR/Top 40 hits. It also featured enjoyable jingles that sounded somewhat out of place for either of those formats. This aircheck was recorded 15 years ago this week.
Neat concept. I like the idea!


text:
The United States Imposes Sweeping New Sanctions on the Islamic Republic of Iran
Home	الصفحة الرئيسية / News & Events / The United States Imposes Sweeping New Sanctions on the Islamic Republic of Iran
By U.S. Mission Israel | 22 September, 2020 | Topics: News, Press Releases, U.S. Secretary of State
Sweeping U.S. Measures to Support Return of UN Sanctions Relating to Iran's Nuclear, Missile, and Conventional Arms Programs


text:
Staten Island Realtors' 'Pack To School' Program Marks 14th Year of Donating Supplies to Kids
Brexit Fallout Could Further Spur Staten Island's Housing Market As Interest Rates Stay Low
10th Annual Global Real Estate Summit Sept. 15
Published by Bart H at August 11, 2016
pack to school
SIBOR
STATEN ISLAND BOARD OF REALTORS
STATEN ISLAND, N.Y. (Aug. 11, 2016) – More than 500 students at PS 373 in New Brighton will be starting the new school year with an essential assortment of brand new classroom supplies, courtesy of the Staten Island Board of Realtors (SIBOR).
Now in its 14th year, SIBOR's "Pack To School" program has provided thousands of backpacks stocked with marble notebooks, a ruler, crayons (24-count), washable markers, pocket folders, glue sticks, pencils and a pencil box to Island school children.
From left, Realtors Kevin Swetsky and Mike Gentilesco work with Assistant Principal Anthony Casella in distributing SIBOR Pack To School supplies in 2015 to students at PS 25/South Richmond High School on Staten Island.
"We take pride in our borough and enjoy helping some of the youngest members of our community begin their new school year on a high note," said Claire Bisignano Chesnoff, president of SIBOR.
This year, SIBOR's goal is to provide hundreds of backpacks filled with student essentials, said Linda F. Smith, SIBOR director of membership and coordinator of SIBOR's Pack To School program.
The supplies represent donations and merchandise from the Island's real estate professionals and arrive at SIBOR's offices to be apportioned into backpacks.
Putting the supplies into the backpacks becomes a large effort with participation by Realtors, family members, students seeking community-service hours, and other volunteers, Ms. Smith said.
In addition to the supplies, each child is presented with a "Best Wishes for a Successful School Year" note.
In early September, Realtor volunteers from across the Island will spend the morning personally distributing supply-filled backpacks to the students.
Anyone who would like to make a donation, or learn more about "Pack To School," can contact Ms. Smith, at 718-928-3230.
Items may be dropped off at all participating Realtor offices and at SIBOR headquarters, 1535 Richmond Ave., Suite No.3, in the Bulls Head/Graniteville community.
About The Staten Island Board of REALTORS® (SIBOR)
Having marked its 100th anniversary in October 2015, the Staten Island Board of REALTORS® (SIBOR) is the largest not-for-profit professional and trade association in Staten Island, N.Y.
SIBOR exists to enhance the ability and opportunity of its members to conduct their business successfully and ethically, and promote the preservation of the public's right to own, transfer and use real property.
Comprised of approximately 1,800 members, SIBOR serves real estate agents, brokers and affiliated professionals throughout the borough and surrounding areas.
SIBOR is the provider of the Staten Island Multiple Listing Service Inc. (SIMLS), which works as a clearinghouse through which more than 250 local real estate firms exchange information on properties they have listed for sale. Together, its members participate in over 3,700 real estate transactions every year.
All SIBOR Realtors belong to the New York State Association of REALTORS® (NYSAR) and the National Association of REALTORS® (NAR).
SIBOR may be reached at 718-928-3220 and viewed online at www.SIBOR.com. SIBOR may also be visited on Facebook at "Staten Island Board of Realtors" and on Twitter via @SIBOR.
Headquarters: 7186821509


BAICE welcomes Yuwei Xu to the position of BAICE Student Representative!
Yuwei takes over from Sajjadllah Alhawsawi who has just completed his PhD at the University of Sussex. Many thanks to Sajjad for his years of service to BAICE. Good luck, in your future endeavours and and welcome, Yuwei!


The Exigo Lying Leg Curl is part of our exceptional selectorized Lower Body range, used to target and build the hamstrings, glutes and calves when strength training. Furthermore, this machine will help to strengthen the lower back muscles leading to better posture and reduced risk of injury. Designed and manufactured in our UK factory, this professional piece of gym equipment not only looks the part, but is built to withstand the conditions of a busy commercial gym environment. The Exigo Lying Leg Curl maintains a high quality finish, possesses durable upholstery and a robust frame. Engineered using optimal components, this machine's smooth movement means it is a pleasure to use. It is ergonomically designed with an angled bench to isolate hamstrings, giving users the most beneficial workout. This machine also features adjustable leg pads for correct user positioning and hand grips for extra stability. Whether you're a complete beginner or experienced athlete, this machine will certainly help you to achieve superior results. Perfect for any gym, home gym or training facility.