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Hostels with camping: England, Scotland & Wales
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Perfect for you	EnglandScotlandWales
Nearly a quarter of our hostels offer camping along side their hostel, bunkhouse or camping barn accommodation. Some are located on campsites whilst others might have space for a tent or two in the garden. Adding a few tents is a great way of staying in the location you really want when your group is larger group than the hostel/bunkhouse can accommodate.
This map shows all the hostels with campsites across England, Scotland and Wales.
Hostels and bunkhouses with camping
Gilfach Wen Barn
A homely, high quality, bunkhouse for individuals, extended families or groups on a working farm. The large social area is ideal for reunions or celebrations. There are 7 family bedrooms including one downstairs for disabled. Perfect for exploring Carmarthenshire, Pembrokeshire, Brecon Beacons, Cambrian Mountains and the Gower. Walker, cyclist, dog & equestrian friendly. Village pub close by.
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Ravenspoint Hostel
Kershader, South Lochs, Isle of Lewis, HS2 9QA
On the unspoilt Isle of Lewis, Ravenspoint Hostel sits on the shores of Loch Erisort, providing comfortable accommodation in a traditional crofting community where Gaelic is still spoken on a daily basis. Whether travelling by bike, car or on foot, look out for white-tailed eagles, otters, deer and enjoy exploring the community-owned Pairc Estate on which the hostel sits alongside a small shop, tea-room, fuel service and museum.
Mid Wales Bunkhouse
Woodhouse Farm, St Harmon, Rhayader, LD6 5LY
Mid Wales Bunkhouse has a superb unspoilt rural location, close to the Elan Valley, for any activity or occasion with a stunning natural garden. Explore or swim in the river. There's walking and biking from the door, even accommodation for your horse. Fully equipped for self catering or meals provided. Authentic tipi and camping. Available for groups of up to 26 or individuals.
Thornbridge Outdoors
Great Longstone, Bakewell, DE45 1NY
Thornbridge Outdoors offers excellent flexible group accommodation. With its superb location in the heart of the Peak District you have access to wonderful countryside, quaint villages, stately homes, and the traffic free Monsal Trail, popular with walkers and cyclists.
Dalesbridge
Austwick, Nr Settle, LA2 8AZ
Camping, cabins and B&B, Great accommodation for ALL the family
Multi generational holidays or 3G holidays are becoming more and more popular. Dalesbridge in the Yorkshire Dales is the perfect place. With B&B for the grandparents and cabins or camping for the rest of the family. Dog welcome by arrangement. Makes everyone happy.
Middle Ninfa Bunkhouse
Middle Ninfa Farm, Llanellen, Abergavenny, NP7 9LE
Middle Ninfa Farm, on the edge of the Blaenavon World Heritage Site in the Brecon Beacons, offers bunkhouse/cottage accommodation, camping on eleven 'remote' pitches and hands-on training in coracle making and willow sculpture. Sympathetically renovated to retain the rustic charm with fine views over the Usk Valley, the bunkhouse provides comfortable self-catering accommodation for up to 6 people. BYO food, sleeping bags, & pillowcases.
Skiddaw House Hostel
Bassenthwaite, Keswick, Cumbria, CA12 4QX
The highest hostel in Britain! Escape the crowds at this remote mountain hostel. Hire the whole place for a small group of friends or family. No roads, no other buildings, no phone signal: just uninterrupted beautiful mountain views. An easy walk or mountain bike ride from Keswick or Threlkeld. Rustic but comfortable with a wood burning stove, hot showers, a well-stocked shop/bar and full bedding provided.
Harford Bunkhouse and Camping
West Combeshead, Harford, Ivybridge, Devon, PL21 0JG
Camping Pods on the south edge of Dartmoor
Harford Bunkhouse and campsite has camping pods for hire. They are surrounded by flowers and trees along a rustic path, in the most tranquil and peaceful part of the estate. Each pod sleep up to 6 people and they have a communal fire pit and BBQ area. Harford Bunkhouse has a campsite has camping pods for hire. They are surrounded by flowers and trees along a rustic path, in the most tranquil and peaceful part of the estate. Each pod sleep up to 6 people and they have a communal fire pit and BBQ area.
Palace Farm Hostel
Down Court Road, Doddington, Sittingbourne / Faversham, Kent, ME9 0AU
Follow @palacefarmhostelcampsite on insta!
Follow for stunning photography of the Kent wildlife and updates on the Cuthbert's gradual preparation for guests.
Greengill Barn
Greengill Barn, Strickland Road, Morland, Penrith, Cumbria CA10 3AX
A converted traditional barn on the edge of Morland in Cumbria's rolling Eden Valley. Close to the Lake District and handy for the M6. Great for gatherings of family or friends wanting to visit the Lake District, the Pennines, the Yorkshire Dales and the Borders. There is a large, fully equipped kitchen/dining room and a large, two-storey games room. On NCR 71 and Wiggo's Loop on C2C. Good local walking and easy access to lakes & fells. Local café and pub for meals & ale.
Castle Ward Bunkhouse
Bunkhouse, National Trust Castle Ward, Strangford, Down, BT30 7LS
This traditional Bunkhouse is the perfect base to explore the stunning gardens, visit the beautiful shores of Stangford Lough or take the ferry to Portaferry. Sleeping up to 14 in three upstairs rooms, it is a great choice for groups & family get-togethers. The estate has walking, cycle trails plus play areas making this a particularly family friendly spot. It is also a huge hit for Game of Thrones fans as the original Castle Ward was the location for 'Winterfell'. The retail shop has tons of brilliant HBO GOT memorabilia.
Dragons Back
Pengenffordd, LD3 0EP
The Dragons Back (formerly The Castle Inn) is a pub with B&B, camping & 3 bunkrooms in the Brecon Beacons National Park. The bunkrooms are fully carpeted and centrally heated with en suite wet rooms, self-catering, drying facilities and secure storage. Stag/hens welcome. Dogs £5 pn in the bunkhouse. Meals in the pub. Glamping is available in our Shepherds Hut and the Tardis!
Derwentwater Independent Hostel
Barrow House, Borrowdale, Keswick, Cumbria, CA12 5UR
Camping at Derwentwater Independent Hostel
For the first time ever, during summer 2020 we had four camping pitches in the hostel grounds.
Deepdale Backpackers
Deepdale Farm, Burnham Deepdale, Norfolk, PE31 8DD
Deepdale Backpackers offers a range of comfortable, private, en suite rooms, plus single sex dorms. All bedding is provided, BYO towels. Facilities include a large well equipped kitchen, communal dining area & living room, underfloor heating throughout & laundry/drying facilities. More accommodation is available for groups at Deepdale Groups Hostel (also in the guide) which is on the same site.
Cliffe House
140 Lane Head Road, Shepley, West Yorkshire, HD8 8DB
Cliffe House is set in 14 acres of woodland in rural West Yorkshire, just 7 miles from the Peak District. A centre for outdoor learning and conferences, ideal for schools and businesses, it is also available as a whole house booking to groups of families and friends. There are 10 bed rooms sleeping up to 72 people and three bright communal areas with seating for 40 people in each.
Birsay Hostel
Birsay, Orkney, KW17 2LY
Birsay Hostel in the northwest corner of the Orkney mainland offers comfortable accommodation for up to 26 in 5 bedrooms. An ideal venue for outdoor education trips, clubs or family gatherings. It has a well equipped kitchen, dining area, drying room, disabled access and all bed linen is provided. There is a campsite in the extensive grounds. Close to spectacular coast, RSPB reserves, early settlements and UNESCO heritage sites.
Bron-y-Gader Bunkhouse
Bron-y-Gader Outdoor Centre, Llanbedr-y-Cennin, Conwy, LL32 8UT
Perched at 290m (950ft) in the foothills of Snowdonia with direct access to the Carneddau mountains, Bron-y-Gader Bunkhouse offers comfortable & great value accommodation for up to 37. Although remote and isolated it is just 8 miles to Conwy and 2 miles to the nearest pub. The many attractions and high adrenaline activities in Snowdonia are just a short drive away.
Tarset Tor Bunkhouse and Bothies
Greystones, Lanehead, Tarset, Hexham, NE48 1NT
In the heart of the Northumberland International Dark Sky Park and close to the Pennine Way. These striking timber eco-buildings integrate into their natural surroundings making the most of this remarkable location and providing the perfect base for outdoor adventures. The bunkhouse and bothies provide stylish, versatile & comfortable self- catering accommodation which can be used for events, conferences & parties.
Hornby Laithe Bunkhouse Barn
Hornby Laithe, Stainforth, Nr Settle, North Yorkshire BD24 9PB
Simple, comfortable accommodation in the Yorkshire Dales National Park, Hornby Laith Bunkhouse Barn occupies a secluded position within easy walking distance of the pretty village of Stainforth and the market town of Settle. It is within easy access of a wide variety of routes for walkers and climbers. Sleeping up to 5O, there is a separate barn containing a recreational area, extra camping and space for a marquee for events/weddings & ample parking. There's a self-catering kitchen and full catering can be organised by arrangement.
Calico Barn Bunkbarn
Hemscott Hill Farm, Widdrington, Morpeth, Northumberland, NE61 5EQ
On the Northumberland Coast close to Amble and Warkworth, Calico Barn is perfect for walkers and cyclists on NCN1 and Coast & Castles routes. The bunkhouse has a log burner and is designed to be a home from home. Fully equipped kitchen and dining area, private and shared rooms with comfortable bunk beds. Cereal breakfast included and self-cook breakfast packs available. Veranda and paddock outside.
Foxholes Castle Bunkhouse
Foxholes Camping, Montgomery Rd, Bishops Castle, Shropshire, SY9 5HA
Foxholes Campsite Sharing glorious views of South Shropshire Hills
Foxholes Castle Bunkhouse is a dog friendly simple accommodation for 7 people on the Foxholes Camping site, close to the Shropshire Way and Offas Dyke Path. The campsite also has a self catering Eco-cabin which sleeps 8 and Datcha which sleeps 6 ideal for those who want to stay longer, enjoy the views and explore the surrounding South Shropshire Hills.
Raydale Barn
Busk Lane, Marsett Lane, Stalling Busk, Leyburn, North Yorks DL8 3DH
Raydale Barn is an off-grid camping barn nr Lake Semerwater in the Yorkshire Dales National Park. Matresses for 16 inside plus camping outside in the barn's own field. The barn is tucked away about 0.3 miles from the nearest road. It has a gas cooker, a wood burner, toilets and showers, but no electricity. BYO bedding, torch & candles. Pefect for groups of walkers, cyclists, runners and families wanting to explore the Dales.
Yarde Orchard
Yarde Orchard, East Yarde, Petersmarland, Torrington, Devon, EX38 8QA
Yarde Orchard provides accommodation and refreshments to those using the Tarka Trail with good access to the great North Devon beaches and Dartmoor. The bunkhouse has an en suite double room with its own entrance, a bunk room sleeping four and a campsite. You can enjoy home cooked meals and the relaxed café atmosphere on the terrace.
Greencarts Bunkhouses and Camping
Greencarts Farm, Humshaugh, Northumberland. NE46 4BW
Greencarts Bunkhouses & Camping are on a working farm in Northumberland National Park. Right next to Hadrian's Wall, they are perfect for walkers or cyclists. There are two accommodation units; The Bunkhouse sleeps 10 in two rooms, while the Barn sleeps 13 in one open plan room. All bedding is provided and continental breakfast is available. There is also a campsite.
Caldbeck Glamping Barns
Caldbeck, Lake District, Cumbria, CA7 8EA
Caldbeck Glamping accommodation is in the centre of Caldbeck Village close to Wainwright's Northern Fells. Opposite The Odd Fellows pub and close to the village store. The self contained barns sleep 8 and 5. Three people can sleep in the Bothy and there is space for a small tent or two. Caldbeck is a 25 minute drive from M6 and right on The Cumbria Way walk and The Reivers Cycle route. Sit back and enjoy everything this hidden Lake District gem of a village has to offer.
Gardiesfauld Hostel
Uyeasound, Unst, Shetland, ZE2 9DW
Gardiesfauld Hostel is on Unst, the most northerly of the Shetland Isles with spectacular cliffs sculpted by the Atlantic Ocean on the west and secluded, sandy beaches on the east with rocky outcrops where seals and otters appear. On the picturesque shore at Uyeasound, this refurbished hostel has good facilities and a relaxed atmosphere. There is a kitchen, dining room, lounge, conservatory and rooms with en suite facilities as well as a garden when you can pitch a tent or park your caravan.
The Wild Wool Barn
Routen Farm Cot, Ennerdale, CA23 3AU
Nestled in the peace of the Ennerdale Valley, overlooking Ennerdale Water, The Wild Wool Barn provides luxury bunkhouse accommodation for 6 (plus 6 camping). Traditional wood-burning stove, electric heating, cooker and shower marry tradition with luxury. With no mobile signal or WiFi The Wild Wool Barn is a true chance to get away and explore the rarely visited Western Lakes.
Haggs Bank Bunkhouse and Camping
Haggs Bank Bunkhouse, Nentsbury, Alston, Cumbria, CA9 3LH
Haggs Bank Bunkhouse and campsite, holder of a Green Tourism Award
Created to keep it's environmental footprint to a minimum, the whole site has a private spring water supply and treatment plant, the bunkhouse has superb insulation to keep it toastie warm all year round and the area of Alston is part of a major conservation area.
Mullacott Farm Camping Barn
Ilfracombe, Devon, EX34 8NA
Set in 30 acres on the North Devon coast, the farm boasts sea views overlooking Woolacombe, Lundy Island, Lee Bay, Ilfracombe, and the Welsh coast. A former stable block with all accommodation on ground level with raised sleeping areas with mattresses.BYO sleeping bag/bedding and warm clothing. There is a dining area and well equipped kitchen. Toilets/coin operated showers are in a nearby block. No stag/hen parties. Dogs welcome with sole use bookings. B&B, camping and a static caravan are also available on site.
Torrent Walk Bunkhouse
Dolgun Uchaf, Nr Dolgellau, Snowdonia, Gwynedd LL40 2AB
Torrent Walk Bunkhouse is ideal for exploring Snowdonia. Newly refurbished, it sleeps 36 in 6 rooms. Centrally heated, there's a well equipped kitchen/diner & a power shower block by the door. There are lots of walks on the doorstep & for mountain bikers Coed-y-Brenin & Mawddach are close by as is the seaside town of Barmouth. Apartments, B&B & camping on site. BYO bedding or hire. No under 16s.
Sealock Barn
Vale Cottage, 7 Annery Kiln, Weare Giffard, Bideford, EX39 5JE.
OPENING AUTUMN/WINTER 2020. This converted workshop on a restored section of the heritage Rolle canal in rural Devon sleeps up to 10 in 3 rooms. Surrounded by a county wildlife site & salt marshes there is abundant wildlife. Facilities include an open plan kitchen/living/dining area and two WC/shower rooms. The barn has direct access to the Tarka Trail, perfect for walking or cycling. Guests will also enjoy direct access to the tidal River Torridge for canoeing & fishing. BYO sleeping bags.
Kyle of Tongue Hostel and Holiday Park
Kyle of Tongue Hostel & Holiday Park, Tongue, By Lairg, Sutherland, IV27 4XH
New campsite at Kyle of Tongue Hostel & Holiday Park
Great news is that the new campsite at the idyllic Kyle of Tongue Hostel and Holiday Park will be opening this year. This means even larger groups of friends and family can stay in this awe-inspiring setting on the shores of the Kyle of Tongue.
Brecon Bunkhouse
Brecon Bunkhouse, Cwmfforest Farm, Pengenfford, Talgarth, Brecon, LD3 0EU
Brecon Bunkhouse is a spacious, comfortable, bunkhouse in the Brecon Beacons. Great value self-catering accommodation with a big dining room and sitting room with wood-burner. In the Black Mountains, with mountain walks from the door, an ideal base for horse riding, mountain biking and canoeing. There is a riding centre on the farm and the bunkhouse has a drying room and storage/cleaning facilities for bikes and canoes. Camping available.
Abersoch Sgubor Unnos
Fferm Tanrallt Farm, Llangian, Abersoch, Gwynedd, LL53 7LN
Bunkhouse accommodation on a family farm in the village of Llangian. Just one mile from Abersoch which is famed for watersports, the bunkhouse is an ideal base for walking the Llyn Coast Path, surfing, cycling, golf, fishing, running & sailing. Spinning & knitting courses using the farm's own wool are available. The three modern bunkrooms are ideal for individuals or groups with a fully equipped kitchen/lounge, disabled facilities, secure storage & parking.
Bachelors Hall
Princetown, Yelverton, Devon. PL20 6SL
Set in a beautiful secluded valley in Dartmoor National Park, Bachelors Hall offers groups of all kind the chance to experience the freedom of the moor and the vastness of the landscape. Formerly run by the YHA, it was completely refurbished in 2019. Sleeping 60 across 6 rooms and 2 pods it is centrally heated with a commercial kitchen and large separate dining room/classroom. Outdoor activities can be organised if required.
Ashclyst Farm Hostel
Harepathstead Rd, Broadclyst, East Devon, EX5 3DF
Ashclyst Farm Hostel is a charming National Trust farm house on an organic arable farm at the edge of Ashclyst Forest. The hostel sleeps 10 across 2 double and 3 twin rooms. The beds are fully made up with duvets and the bedrooms are spacious and quiet. Guests have full use of the farmhouse kitchen, dining rooms and lounge, and camping is available for larger groups.
Mytime Outdoor Centre
Off Renscombe Rd, Worth Matravers, Isle of Purbeck, Dorset. BH19 3LL
Surrounded by open farmland and just a short walk from the Jurassic Coast, MYTIME's R&R Retreat Accommodation Centre offers the perfect base from which to enjoy everything that the spectacular Isle of Purbeck has to offer. With a World Heritage Site and the South West Coastal Path on its doorstep, the Centre represents the perfect choice for lovers of the great outdoors. Mere minutes from the idyllic village of Worth Matravers and the popular Square and Compass Pub, there's truly something for everyone to enjoy.
Viking Centre
Pelham Road, Claxby, Market Rasen, Lincolnshire LN8 3YR
Situated in the village of Claxby in the Lincolnshire Wolds Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty, this low cost hostel has a well equipped kitchen and good sized communal area. Within easy reach of Lincoln, Gainsborough, Scunthorpe and Grimsby. The perfect location for: walking, cycling, field studies, outdoor pursuits, educational activities and conservation projects. Popular with family groups, schools, scouts, guides, walkers, cycling groups and other organisations. Ideal for groups wanting a break in beautiful rural surroundings.
Comrie Croft, By Crieff/Comrie, Perthshire, PH7 4JZ
Comrie Croft, gold Green Trouisusm award holding, charming hostel and campsite.
A perfect rural retreat for mountain bikers, hikers, families and backpackers, just over an hour from Edinburgh & Glasgow. The 4* hostel offers cosy, home style rooms, a Tea Garden café, bike shop and lots of grin enducing mountain bike trails
Woodlands Bunkhouse
Glasbury on Wye, Powys, HR3 5LP
Woodlands Bunkhouse is a converted stable set in the 10 acre grounds of Woodlands Centre. It overlooks the River Wye and has wonderful views of the Black Mountains. The historic town of Hay on Wye is near by. The Bunkhouse provides comfortable, modern accommodation for families and groups. There's a well equipped kitchen and dining room and 22 beds in 9 rooms. The bunkhouse can arrange courses in a variety of outdoor activities.
Wetherdown Lodge and Campsite
The Sustainability Centre, Droxford Road, East Meon, Hampshire, GU32 1HR
An award winning eco-renovation in the heart of the South Downs National Park right on the South Downs Way National Trail. The perfect base for walkers, cyclists, business away-days and family get-togethers. The Lodge offers well appointed self-catering accommodation while the campsite has yurts and secluded woodland pitches. The centre has large grounds with woodland trails and a café. Pubs, shops within 2 miles.
Jersey Accommodation and Activity Centre
La Rue de la Pouclee et des Quatre Chemins, St Martins, Jersey, JE3 6DU
Close to the pretty fishing port of Gorey in St. Martins. Camping and a range of B&B rooms from twin en suites to private dormitories with shared showers. The perfect mix for individuals or groups. Large communal WiFi lounge with TV & DVDs and a games room. Additional costs include: self catering kitchen, sauna, laundry and packed lunches. Adventure activities can be arranged.
Ffridd Bunkhouse
Ffridd Llwyn Gwerfyl, Harlech, Gwynedd, LL46 2TW
Remote & peaceful, surrounded by the rugged splendour of Snowdonia, Ffridd Bunkhouse offers budget accommodation. Harlech with its beach, pubs, cafes & castle is just 2.5 miles away. This basic accommodation is in 2 units, one sleeps 12 & the other 4/5. Both have kitchen/dining areas & some heating. Each has a separate outside WC, but the shower is shared. Walkers, climbers & mountain bikers alike return annually to this hidden gem of a bunkhouse. BYO bedding.
By the Way Hostel and Campsite
Lower Station Rd, Tyndrum, FK20 8RY
By The Way Hostel & Campsite lies in the Loch Lomond National Park between Arrochar's peaks & Glencoe. There's excellent walking, climbing and white water rafting. The accommodation includes camping, various huts: hobbit houses, posh pods, glamping & trekker huts, camping cabins & a purpose built 4* hostel with twin, double & dormitory rooms, with great self-catering facilities. For more comfort still there are 2 chalets; one with three bedrooms, one with two.
Pentre Bach Bunkhouse
Pentre Bach, Waunfawr, Caernarfon, Gwynedd, LL54 7AJ
Camp in the peace & quiet of Snowdonia countryside.
A tents-only campsite, away from the road, on a acre plot next to the house and bunkhouse. One night bookings and groups are welcome. Toilets and showers are shared with the camping barn in separate buildings behind the main house. With easy access to the many local footpaths and bridleways to the foothills of Snowdon.
Lockerbrook Farm Outdoor Centre
Snake Pass, Bamford, Hope Valley, Derbyshire, S33 0BJ
Lockerbrook Farm provides remote accommodation for single family or dual household support bubbles with with stunning views across Snakes Pass to the Peak District Edges. There are two accommodation units; one sleeping 6 and the other sleeping 12.
The Ceilidh Place Bunkhouse
14 West Argyle St. Ullapool, IV26 2TY
The Ceilidh Place, in the centre of Ullapool, is a unique small complex, consisting of a music venue/performance space, restaurant, hotel, bar, bookshop, coffee shop, gallery and bunkhouse. There are regular ceilidhs, concerts & plays. The bunkhouse (group only) does not have self-catering facilities but the coffee shop is open from 8.30am to late evening all week including weekends. Rooms are also available in the hotel. The village of Ullapool is a small exciting port and fishing town, with ferries from the Outer Hebrides. Hill walkers and families especially love staying here.
Yellow Wood Micro Hostel
33 The Struet, Brecon, Powys, LD3 7LW
Yellow Wood Bush Camps near Hay On Wye
Bushcraft course and camps at various locations around the Hay on Wye area, the UK and abroad. Learn about shelter building, cooking over a fire, edible plant identification and woodland management with experienced instructors.
Yealand Old School
18 Yealand Rd, Yealand Conyers, Carnforth, Lancashire LA5 9SH
Yealand Old School provides newly refurbished, self-catering accommodation with en suite bedrooms and group dorms. Relax in the grounds of the Quaker Meeting House. A short stroll from Summerhouse Hill and Warton Crag amidst spectacular limestone scenery and nature reserves. LEJOG passes the front door on Route 6. Quiet village location with pub serving food.
Mendip Bunkhouse
Cerberus Spelaeological Society, Larkshall, Fosse Rd. Oakhill, Somerset, BA3 5HY
Larkshall (Mendip Bunkhouse) is the Cerberus Spelaeological Society's headquarters and offers well appointed, modern and comfortable accommodation on The Mendips. It is an ideal base for caving, walking, cycling, climbing, diving at Vobster Quay and for exploring the Somerset countryside. Popular tourist attractions include Wells, Wookey Hole, Cheddar Gorge and the city of Bath. Camping available. Ample parking.
Rookhow Bunkbarn
Rookhow, Rusland, nr Grizedale, Ulverston, South Lakeland, Cumbria LA12 8LA
Expand your group with camping at Rookhow Bunkbarn in The Lakes.
Anyone hiring Rookhow Bunkbarn can bring along some tents and expand their groups with a bit of camping. The cost for camping is £10 a adult or £5 a child (per night). Everyone who stays at Rookhow can enjoy a campfire in our woodland firepit.
Thorpe Farm Bunkhouses
Thorpe Farm, Hathersage, Peak District, Via Sheffield, S32 1BQ
Close to Hathersage and 2 miles west of Stanage Edge, the bunkhouses are on a family-run dairy farm. Popular areas for climbing, walking from meadows to moorland with fantastic views & mountain biking. Each bunkhouse is heated and has a living room, kitchen, bathrooms with toilets, showers and washbasins. Sleep in dorms with bunks or the Hayloft has mattresses on the gallery floor. Camping is available. Secure bike storage and free parking.
Downham Camping Barn
Twiston Lane, Downham, Clitheroe, Lancs. BB7 4DF
With unrivalled views of Pendle Hill, Downham Camping Barn is a short walk from Downham village pubs & cafes. Popular with walkers, cyclists & DofE groups the recently refurbished barn sleeps 12 (BYO camp beds or roll mats). There's a basic kitchen, sitting area, hot shower & WC. Photovoltaic cells provide power for limited LED lighting (but not for phone charging) and there is a wood-burning stove with fuel available to purchase. Outside there is a gas BBQ & fire pit and space for tents.
Badrallach Bothy and Campsite
Croft No 9, Badrallach, Dundonnell, Ross-shire, IV23 2QP
Remote and glorious campsite
Stay at this unique campsite on the tranquil shores of Little Loch Broom in the West Coast of Scotland. Badrallachs beautiful and unique location at the foot of Antellach and a short drive from Ullapool makes this campsite a must visit.
Gaveston Hall
Nuthurst, Horsham, West Sussex RH13 6RF
A former boarding school nestling in beautiful countryside, Gaveston Hall accommodates groups of all sizes. The 100 beds are spread across dorms, private singe/twin rooms & chalets. Set in magnificent grounds with a football field, tennis court, woodland walks and fishing lakes. Outdoor activities can also be provided on-site. Inside there are table tennis & pool tables and an indoor swimming pool (summer only). Room for coach parking.
Platts Farm Bunkhouse
Platts Farm Bunkhouse, Aber Road, Llanfairfechan, Conwy, LL33 0HL
Platt's Farm Campsite and 3* Bunkhouse is situated in a range of Victorian farm buildings, in the charming village of Llanfairfechan. Close to the A55, the Bunkhouse lies at the start/end of the 14 Welsh 3000 Peaks walks in the Snowdonia National Park, within a 10 min walk of the Wales Coastal Path and on the NCN 5 Cycle Route. Shops, pubs and cafés are within 5 mins' walk. Just 15 mins from Zipworld, Bethesda & 20 mins from Surf Snowdonia.
Pindale Farm Outdoor Centre
Pindale Road, Hope, Hope Valley, Derbyshire, S33 6RN
A mile from Castleton in the Peak District, Pindale Farm offers a range of accommodation: B&B in the farmhouse. The Barn has 6 self-catering units. The Engine House is a self-catering unit & The Powder House is a small camping barn. Plus a campsite. Perfect for many outdoor activities. Instruction is available.
Deepdale Groups Hostel
Deepdale Farm Campsite next to Deepdale Backpackers and the Granary Group Bunkhouse
With a modern new toilet /shower block, electric hook-up connections and generous hedged and open field pitches to ensure everyone has enough space. There's free WiFi around the campsite too! All this on the stunning North Norfolk Coast.
Croft Farm Waterpark
Bredons Hardwick, Near Tewkesbury, Gloucestershire GL20 7EE
Just outside Tewkesbury in the scenic River Avon Valley, with it's own lake. Accommodation is in cabins, a pod village, chalets & camping. Great for touring the Cotswolds, Malverns, Bredon Hill & the Forest of Dean. A wide range of watersports, activities & tuition are on offer. A footpath meanders through the meadow to the River Avon and free river fishing is available to guests.
Preseli Venture Eco Lodge
Preseli Venture, Parc-y-nole Fach, Mathry, Haverfordwest, Pembrokeshire, SA62 5HN
Situated just a short walk to a stunning beach, this 5* Eco Lodge offers catered accommodation & a range of outdoor activities to individuals, families & groups of all sizes. Popular with schools, clubs & hen/stag groups it boasts great communal areas including a bar, outside picnic area, fire pit & games field. Just 1 mile from the Wales Coast Path & right on the Sustrans Celtic Trail.
Bunkorama
Gwastad Agnes Off Panorama Road, Barmouth, Gwynedd, LL42 1DX
Camping near Barmouth with veiws across the Mawddach Estuary
We have a small camping area that will suit back packers or small camper vans (e.g. VW size). Only tents and camper vans are allowed on the field. Other vehicles can be parked in the car park. There are toilets and hot and cold water to showers and basins and you will also find a laundry/drying area on site. Best of all are the views from your tent across Cardigan Bay and Cader Idris.
Trawden Camping Barn
Middle Beardshaw Head Farm, Burnley Road, Trawden Lancashire, BB8 8PP
CURRENTLY CLOSED DUE TO COVID-19. Trawden Camping Barn is a listed stone barn on Middle Beardshaw Farm. Surrounded by stunning landscape, the nearby village of Wycoller has been much used by film crews. The barn is large & open with an ancient timbered roof. The barn sleeps 37: 7 beds/bunks & 30 mattresses (BYO sleeping bags) with lots of communal space, a table tennis & pool table and a well equipped kitchen (in a separate building just 15m away). Pub & café just a short walk.
Rydal Hall Bunkhouse
Rydal Hall, Ambleside, Cumbria, LA22 9LX
Situated next to Rydal Beck in the heart of the Lake District, Rydal Hall Bunkhouse provides accommodation for groups of up to 29 in four dormitories plus a large common room, drying room & a fully equipped stainless steel kitchen. There is also a quiet campsite for individuals and families, eco-pods in the grounds and en suite accommodation for up to 50 in the main hall and a tea shop.
Carrs Farm Bunkhouse
Carrs Farm, Wolsingham, County Durham, DL13 3BQ
Carrs Farm Bunkhouse is a converted 17th century barn with stunning views over Weardale. It provides comfortable bunk bed accommodation for groups of up to 21 people, in three rooms. There is a fully equipped self catering kitchen, games/lounge area and outdoor seating with BBQ. Situated on a working farm at the heart of the North Pennines. Guided walks and outdoor activities are available for groups and schools.
Deneholme
Northumberland Adventure Centre, Deneholme, Allendale, Hexham, Northumberland, NE47 9PX
On the edge of Allendale, in the North Pennines AONB, Deneholme hostel & outdoor activity centre accommodates groups of 14-40. Perfect for schools, clubs, family reunions & weddings. Stag/hen groups are welcome. Self cater or catered. This impressive Edwardian country house set in expansive lawns and 5 acres of steep woodland has 11 bedrooms and plenty of communal areas, some large enough for 40+ guests to dine/celebrate together.
Demesne Farm Bunkhouse
Demesne Farm, Bellingham, Hexham, Northumberland, NE48 2BS
Demesne Farm bunkhouse and campsite
Set in the beautiful Northumbrian village of Bellingham, close to Kielder Water, Hadrian's Wall, the Reivers Coast to Coast and Pennine Way. The campsite is flat and sheltered and is open May to October. The bunkhouse is open all year round.
Chatton Park Bunkhouse
Chatton Park Farm, Chatton, Alnwick, Northumberland, NE66 5RA
A former smithy converted into a self-catering bunkhouse on a mixed working farm.1/2 mile from Chatto, 8 miles from Northumberland's vast empty beaches and historic castles and 5 miles from the heather clad Cheviot Hills. Walking, water sports, climbing, fishing, golf and cycling are all nearby. The 2 dorms can be rented separately. There is a fully equipped kitchen, seating around the original blacksmith's fire & hot showers.
Chartners Farm Off The Grid
Harwood Forest, Ewesley, Morpeth NE61 4LJ
Hidden away in the heart of Harwood Forest, 20 miles NW of Morpeth, Chartners Farm is definitely off the grid. It's a 5 mile drive along forest tracks from the road. All electricity is generated by wind turbines & solar panels, while a huge log burner heats the radiators and keeps the place at a cosy 20 degrees. The perfect spot to escape the rat race, unwind & recharge. With no WiFi you can really switch off! Nature surrounds you. Come & enjoy complete peace and tranquility.
Outdoor Alternative
Cerrig-yr-Adar, Rhoscolyn, Holyhead, Anglesey, LL65 2NQ
This purpose built 4* centre is quietly tucked away in Rhoscolyn, an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty on the Anglesey Coast. Just 5 mins' walk to the sandy beach at Borthwen and a stone's throw from the Anglesey Coastal Path. Perfect for friends & families, outdoor groups, schools and universities. Your ideal base for kayaking, climbing, sailing, walking, bird watching or beach holidays. Careful energy use is encouraged, with composting and recycling. Nearby Holyhead has ferry links to Ireland.
Clyngwyn Bunkhouse
Clyngwyn Farm, Ystradfellte Rd, Pontneddfechan, Powys, SA11 5US
Clyngwyn 4* Bunkhouse sits in the Brecon Beacons, only minutes away from the waterfalls and caves of Ystradfellte and Sgwd Yr Eira. Your ideal base for a wide range of outdoor activities. The bunkhouse sleeps up to 19, plus camping, three double B&B rooms and a romantic shepherd's hut in it's own private meadow.
Humphrey Head Group Hostel
Humphrey Head O.C, Holy Well Lane, Flookburgh, Cumbria LA11 7LY
Perched on an outcrop overlooking Morecambe Bay on the edge of The Lake District, Humphrey Head Group Hostel & Outdoor Centre is perfect for family celebrations, reunions, stag/hen parties, schools, clubs & groups. Remote & private, surrounded by stunning scenery & nature, with outdoor activities on site there is something for everyone.Catering & camping available.
Garrigill Village Hall, Garrigill, Alston, Cumbria, CA9 3DS
Perfect for the Pennine Way or C2C cycle route. In the lovely village of Garrigill, the bunkroom above the village hall sleeps 8 with bedding hire available. Larger groups can BYO bedding and use the hall itself where 12 camp beds are available. There is free WiFi, a well equipped kitchen, showers and drying room. It makes the ideal long distance walk/C2C stop over.
Court Hill Centre
Letcombe Regis, Wantage, OX12 9NE
Only a few steps from the historic Ridgeway National Trail, Court Hill Centre enjoys breathtaking views over the Vale of the White Horse. Reclaimed barns surround a pretty courtyard garden. Providing accommodation for schools, families, groups and individuals, the centre offers evening meals, breakfasts and picnic lunches. There is a beautiful high-roofed dining room which retains the atmosphere of the old barn. A meeting/class-room, camping and self-catering kitchen are also available.
Eastern Slade Barn
Eastern Slade Farm, Oxwich, Gower, Swansea, SA3 1NA
Oldest registered campsite on the Gower
Eastern Slade Farm's "Back to Basics" campsite with its sea views and short walk to Slade Bay
Black Rock Bunkhouse
Evanton, Dingwall, Ross-shire, IV16 9UN
Situated in beautiful Glenglass and sheltered by Ben Wyvis, this comfortable bunkhouse is an ideal base for touring the Highlands. The bunkhouse is at the eastern end of a hikers' route across Scotland and on the Land's End to John O'Groats route. The village has a general shop, Post Office, bus service and an inn (serving good bar meals and breakfasts) 250m away. There is also a camping ground. All areas of the bunkhouse are easily accessible by wheelchair and suitable for the disabled.
Woodside Lodges Bunkhouse
Woodside Lodges, Falcon Lane, Ledbury, Herefordshire, HR8 2JN
Woodside Lodges Bunkhouse sits in a landscaped park with pools & wild flower meadows, along with Scandinavian self-catering lodges, a campsite and camping pods. The bunkhouse offers 5 self-catering units. Guests enjoy private rooms but share the campsite shower block. Close to the Herefordshire Trail, Malvern Hills & the Forest of Dean it's ideal for walkers, cyclists & nature lovers.
St Johns in the Vale Camping Barn
Low Bridge End Farm, St John's-in-the-Vale, Keswick, CA12 4TS
St John's-in-the-Vale Camping Barn is an 18th century stable on a peaceful hill farm, with stunning views to Blencathra, Helvellyn and Castle Rock. The Barn has a sleeping area upstairs (mattresses provided) and a sitting/dining area below. A separate toilet, shower and cooking area (BYO equipment) are within the building. A wood-burning stove makes it nice and cosy. Outside there is a BBQ area. As there is no light pollution, the star-filled night skies are magical.
Cantref Farm Bunkhouses
Cantref, Brecon Powys. LD3 8LR
Cantref Bunkhouses are in the foothills of the Brecon Beacons just outside the pretty market town of Brecon. Ideal for groups of walkers, cyclists, climbers, canoeists, schools, clubs and families wanting to spend some quality time together. The 2 top quality bunkhouses provide self-catering or catered accommodation in private rooms with views overlooking the Brecon Beacons and the Black Mountains.
The Long Barn
Penrhiw, Capel Dewi, Llandysul, Ceredigion, SA44 4PG
Penrhiw is an organic farm with views over the Teifi Valley. The stunning Ceredigion Coast and the Cambrian Mountains are an easy drive away and the busy small town of Llandysul (1.5 miles) has all essential supplies. The farm's location is ideal for exploring, studying or simply admiring the Welsh countryside. Local activities include fishing, swimming, climbing, abseiling, canoeing, farm walks and cycling.
Warren Farm Glamping
Warren Farm, Warren, near Castlemartin, SA71 5HS
Beautiful big bell tents & a cosy bunkhouse, right on the Pembrokeshire Coast Path. Between Barafundle/Broadhaven South & Freshwater West, and the closest you can stay to the Green Bridge of Wales. Perfect for family holidays or a quick surfing or climbing trip with friends. Simple, comfortable accommodation and private pitches with kitchens, loos & wetrooms for the bell tents. Don't delay, come glamping!
Toad Hall
Railway Terrace, Doll St, Machynlleth, Powys, SY20 8BH
Toad Hall sits beside the River Dovey, close to Snowdonia National Park in the market town of Machynlleth. NCN Cycle Route 8 & Glyndwrs Way pass near by. The accommodation consists of a three bed-roomed self contained unit above the owner's family home. The small flat garden is ideal for camping and there's a small workshop for bike repair/storage.
Bwthyn Bach
Bwthyn Bach, Trefeglwys, Caersws, Powys. SY17 5QE
Bwthyn Bach, in the village of Trefeglwys in rural Mid Wales is run by a small trust. Sleeping 17 across 5 rooms, the facilities are simple & add to the quaint & quirky feel of this 300 year old Grade II building. There's a small kitchen/diner with hot water, kettle, electric cooker, microwave & all the basic crockery/cutlery you will need. A wood burning Rayburn keeps it warm, while a separate dining room has space for large groups. BYO bedding.
Gumber Camping Barn (formerly Gumber Bothy)
Gumber Campsite and Camping Barn, Gumber Farm, Slindon, West Sussex, BN18 0RN
A converted Sussex flint barn on a working sheep farm within the National Trust's Slindon Estate, Gumber Camping Barn provides simple overnight accommodation & camping for walkers, horse riders and cyclists, just off the South Downs Way. A tranquil and remote location for you to get away from it all. Just five minutes' walk from Stane Street, the Roman Road that crosses the South Downs Way at Bignor Hill. NO CARS. Not suitable for under fives.
Chellington Centre
The Chellington Centre, St Nicholas Church, Felmersham Road, Carlton, Bedford MK43 7NA
A unique and memorable venue for group stays. Situated in the beautiful Bedfordshire countryside with amazing views across the Great River Ouse, it's easily accessible from the M1 but a world apart. The converted 12th century church can sleep 30 in bunkrooms, with modern facilities, an industrial style kitchen for self-catering and two breakout rooms. Youth group discounts available.
Bridges Long Mynd Youth Hostel
Ratlinghope, Shrewsbury, Shropshire, SY5 0SP
Tucked away in the tranquil Shropshire hills, close to Long Mynd & Stiperstones, Bridges Hostel is an ideal spot for walkers with the Shropshire Way passing close by. It is also handy for the End to End cycle route and good mountain biking routes. The hostel has a good kitchen, lounge with wood fire, drying room, shop and a large garden. Home cooked, home grown three course evening meals are available. Camping is available and there is a pub nearby.
Start Bay FSC
Slapton, Kingsbridge, Devon TQ7 2QP
FSC Start Bay is a Field Studies Council centre overlooking the South Devon coast offering 4* accommodation to groups of 20-40. Facilities include a well equipped self catering kitchen and a large dining room and adjoining sitting room with interactive whiteboard, both of which can easily seat a group of 40. Outside, along with panoramic views of the coastline, there's a BBQ area, fire pit and low ropes course. Available for sole use only, it is perfect for schools, clubs and gatherings of friends and families. The centre gives a wonderful sense of remoteness, yet has the village of Slapton nearby with its shop and pubs.
Royal Oak Bunkbarn
The Royal Oak, Hurdlow, Nr Buxton, SK17 9QJ
Next to an award winning Peak District country pub, The Royal Oak Bunkbarn is perfectly situated with direct access onto the High Peak and Tissington Trails (disused railways for easy off-road cycling). The area is also very popular with climbers and walkers with limestone gorges and stone circles to explore. The bunkbarn offers comfortable, clean bunk bed style rooms ideal for groups of 1 to 34. The five separate bunk rooms are all heated and lockable. Campsite and holiday cottages also available.
Naturesbase Holidays
Tyngwndwn Farm, Cilcennin, Lampeter, Ceredigion, SA48 8RJ
Nestled between the Cambrian Mountains and Cardigan Bay, Naturesbase is 9 acres of flower rich meadows and woodland, 10 minutes drive from the Welsh coast. Accommodation comprises a beautiful large lodge sleeping up to 36 and a shepherds hut, Naturesbase is ideal for families, friends, retreats and activity groups wanting to enjoy the open countryside and all that nature has to offer.
The Reckoning House
Mandale Farm, Haddon Grove, Bakewell, Derbyshire, DE45 1JF
Renovated to a high standard including double glazing and insulation, the Reckoning House is situated 3 miles from Bakewell. It is on the edge of the Lathkill Dale National Nature Reserve, full of interesting flora and fauna as well as outstanding geological features. Horse riding, fishing, golf and cycle hire are available locally. Local walks include the Limestone Way. Facilities include: cooking area, 4 calor gas rings (gas supplied), hot water for washing up & showers, storage heaters in all rooms.
Observatory Hostel
NRBO, North Ronaldsay, Orkney Islands, KW17 2BE
On a 34 acre croft managed by the North Ronaldsay Bird Observatory on the most northern isle of Orkney. Adjacent to a shell sand beach visited by seals and unique seaweed-eating sheep. Spectacular bird migrations and outstanding views. Ideal accommodation for those interested in wildlife but welcomes all. The hostel sleeps 10 in three dormitories with a self-catering kitchen. Lounge bar and meals available in the Observatory Guest House.
Edmundbyers YHA at Low House Haven
Low House, Edmundbyers, Consett, Durham, DH8 9NL
Edmunbyers hostel lies in moorland, close to the Northumberland/County Durham boundary, with fine views. It's just two miles from Derwent Reservoir, for sailing & fishing. Ideal for walking holidays, it's also on the C2C cycle route & is close to Hadrian's Wall & Beamish outdoor museum. Cosy & comfortable with optional home cooked evening meals & breakfasts.
Not only do Independent Hostels provide fantastic low cost hostel accommodation for families, groups and individuals but we also have some fantastic hostels with camping available for pitching your tent or parking your caravan or caravan. So it is now even easier for you and your group, whatever it's composition, to get out and explore what the British great outdoors has to offer. This page shows all the hostels with campsites in the Independent Hostel Guide.
Nearly a quarter of the hostels in the Independent Hostel Guide also provide camping in one form or another. Staying in one of our hostels with camping is a great way of holidaying with a larger group or a group with a variety of sleeping requirements. If the hostel itself isn't quite big enough then add a few tents outside and you can all fit no problem. Alternatively if you have some members of your group who don't camp whilst others love sleeping in the fresh air then looking for a hostel with camping is also a great solution. There are hostels with camping across the UK so you can choose pretty much any location from Jersey to Orkney! Some of our hostels are located on or next to large campsites where you will find a variety of pitches for tents, caravans and camper-vans. These are eminently flexible for your group. Others will accommodate a smaller number of tents in the garden. We also have a number of hostels which provide Glamping in ready pitched tent or eco pod type accommodation.
Often the campsites have separate washing and toilet facilities although occasionally these may be shared with the hostel or bunkhouse. With such a variety of options and locations to choose from there is bound to be a hostel and camping combination to suit your group. Explore the map or have a look at the hostels with camp sites list to find your perfect holiday accommodation.
Nearly a quarter of our hostels offer camping along side their hostel, bunkhouse or camping barn accommodation. Some are located on large campsites whilst others might have space for a tent or two in the garden. This map shows all the hostels with campsites across England, Scotland and Wales. Adding a few tents is a great way of staying in the location you really want with a larger group than the hostel or bunkhouse can accommodate. Alternatively perhaps some of your group prefer to sleep in the fresh air whilst others fancy a proper bed? What ever the reason, with plenty of different options in locations ranging from Jersey to the Orkneys there is bound to be a hostel with camping option to suit your group.


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Karloff is a biographical one-man play about the life of film star Boris Karloff, written by Randy Bowser.

Using quotes from Boris Karloff, both humorous and serious, on a wide range of topics, the play is a jigsaw puzzle of brief, non-chronologically enacted events in the actor's life.  The theme is self-realization.  The subject is the art of acting.  The story is how William Henry Pratt, whose stage name was Boris Karloff, overcomes physical and cultural handicaps to become an unlikely success in his chosen field of acting by making the most of an equally unlikely opportunity when he's cast in the role of a monster. The central metaphor is The Frankenstein Monster trying to grasp light when he first sees it, representing Boris, and all of God's bumbling creatures, trying to reach and understand more than they are capable of comprehending.

The play premiered in Salem, Oregon, November 14, 2014, at Level B Theater Pub. Boris Karloff's only child, Sara Jane Karloff, attended both performances of the show's opening weekend.  The play was developed with Stephen Jacobs, author of the biography Boris Karloff: More Than a Monster," as the script's dramaturg.

Bowser performed the role of Boris in the premiere, but did not develop the piece as a personal vehicle, but rather as a play open for the general theatre market to all interested producers.  A second production ran during October 2016, at the Alliance Performance Center of Tucson, AZ. Charles Prokopp played Boris, and the production was directed by John R. Gunn.

The play ran live, and in online streaming, from October 16 through October 25, 2021, at Anchorage Community Theatre in Alaska. The production was presented in honor of Boris Karloff who guest-starred in the group's 1957 production of "Arsenic and Old Lace," the play which was a big success for Mr. Karloff on Broadway.

Prime Stage Theatre  in Pittsburgh, PA, produced KARLOFF in November of 2021 for both on-stage performances and On-Demand streaming performances. This version of the play was a one-act with the sub-title "The Man and The Monster." The show was reviewed in OnStage Pittsburgh.

The initial production of the play was funded by a successful Kickstarter crowdfunding campaign.  The Kickstarter page for Karloff is still maintained, and is an archive of photos, promotions and blog entries.

References

External links
 Video interview with Sara Karloff and playwright Randy Bowser
  Sara Karloff discusses Karloff The Play on Monster Kid Radio
  Ann Peck McBride interview with Randy Bowser on KMUZ 88.5 FM November 7, 2014
  Derek M. Koch review of Karloff at Monster Kid Radio
  Derek M. Koch interview with Randy Bowser
  Rich Chamberlain review of Karloff at Monster Movie Kid
 Michael Housel review of Karloff at Bizarre Realm
 Moebanshee's Lair Talk Radio interview with Randy Bowser
 Feature article on Karloff at Scarlet The Film Magazine
 Rhonda Steerer's "125th Anniversary Tribute to Boris Karloff"

Plays for one performer
Monodrama
Plays based on real people
American plays
Plays based on actual events
2014 plays
Biographical plays about actors
Cultural depictions of actors
Cultural depictions of British men
Boris Karloff

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Asia-Pacific countries should strengthen their health systems and sharply increase spending to deliver effective universal cover. The share of the population aged 65 years and over in Asian countries is expected to increase by two and half times in the next decades to reach 20.5% in 2050.
'Health at a Glance Asia/Pacific 2016' says that the share of the population aged 65 years and over in Asian countries is expected to increase by two and half times in the next decades to reach 20.5% in 2050. Life expectancy at birth across 22 Asian countries reached 73.7 years in 2015, a gain of about 4.6 years since 2000. In comparison, OECD countries gained 3.4 years during the same period.
A large regional divide persists: the country with the longest life expectancy is Hong Kong, China with 84 years for both men and women. Japan, Australia, Singapore, New Zealand, the Republic of Korea, and Macao, China also exceeded 80 years for total life expectancy. In Papua New Guinea and Laos, a child born in 2015 can expect to live an average of less than or equal to 65 years of life.
There has been a dramatic fall in the infant mortality rate across the region since 2000, with many countries experiencing declines of greater than 50%. At an average of 21.5 deaths per 1,000 live births in 2015, infant mortality is still five times the OECD rate.
Between 2000 and 2015, the average maternal mortality rate across Asian countries was cut by more than half. Maternal mortality averages seven deaths per 100 000 live births in OECD countries, while in Asian countries it is almost 13 times greater.
There are too few doctors and nurses in the region, at around 1.3 and 3.2 per 1 000 population respectively - well below the OECD average of 3.3 and 9.1 - to cope with the demands in particular of an ageing population.
While the number of hospital beds per capita is at 3.3 per 1 000 population on average across Asia, below the OECD average of 4.7, health services for an ageing population will need to be centred on primary care and continuity, away from hospital centric systems.
Asian economies spend just over USD 930 per person per year on health, against USD 3 618 in OECD countries. This amounts to 4.7% of gross domestic product, on average, in the Asian region, compared to 9.3% in OECD countries in 2014.
The share of public spending in total health spending is much lower in Asia compared to OECD countries - 50.5% versus 72.7% respectively.
Health at a Glance Asia/Pacific 2016, a joint publication with the World Health Organisation, presents key indicators on health status, determinants of health, health care resources and utilisation, health expenditure and financing, and quality of care for 27 Asia/Pacific countries and economies.
This report offers a comprehensive and user-friendly framework to help policy makers design and implement better policies to support countries' progress towards universal health cover and improve the health of their populations.


FV Stocks: What Is Going On And How Bad Could It Get?
I do not like speeches when the object is to gain insight. Please give us text, with or without charts and graphs. Text, where we can back up and read it again if it was not perfectly clear to us the first time. Text, where we can slow down and get the meaning of each word. Text, where we don't miss something valuable because of some noise on our end. If I want to see actors acting I will go to the show. But if there is an important message, put it in text. Jokes are fine for speeches, the good delivery of a good joke is a great thing. But I don't visit TalkMarkets for the jokes.


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BioPsychoSocial Medicine
Possible role of the gut microbiota in the pathogenesis of anorexia nervosa
Nobuyuki Sudo ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0002-7935-878X1
BioPsychoSocial Medicine volume 15, Article number: 25 (2021) Cite this article
Anorexia nervosa (AN), an eating disorder, is characterized by extreme weight loss and fear of weight gain. Psychosocial factors are thought to play important roles in the development and progression of AN; however, biological factors also presumably contribute to eating disorders. Recent evidence has shown that the gut microbiota plays an important role in pathogenesis of neuropsychiatric disorders including AN. In this article, we describe the possible role of the gut microbiota in the development and persistence of AN, based on the latest research works, including those of our group.
More than 1000 species of microbes are present in the human gut. They are collectively called the gut microbiota and are involved in various host functions [1,2,3]. Accumulated evidence suggests that gut microbes can play a role not only in regulating body weight [4] but also in the development and exacerbation of neuropsychiatric diseases [5,6,7,8,9].
Anorexia nervosa (AN) is an eating disorder characterized by extreme weight loss and a fear of weight gain [10, 11]. In general, psychosocial issues are reported to play important roles in the pathology of AN [12,13,14]; however, biological factors are also presumed to contribute to this pathological process [15, 16]. Recently, the gut microbiota has emerged as an important factor affecting AN pathogenesis.
In the first two sections of this article, we review a historical view that recognizes the commensal microbiota as an important factor affecting weight control and behavioral characteristics. Then, we discuss recent topics about this theme based on the latest research works, including those of our group. Unlike comprehensive systematic reviews and metanalyses [17, 18] that have been published recently, our aim is to use information from existing literature to generate testable hypotheses regarding the role of the gut microbiota in AN pathogenesis. By doing so, we hope to encourage researchers to conduct cause-effect studies about eating disorders based on realistic mechanistic hypotheses.
Gut microbes exert a significant impact on body weight gain
The fact that gut bacteria are involved in weight control and growth is not a novel finding, but is a long known basic theory in livestock industries. For example, antibiotics have often been used to promote livestock growth [19, 20], called antibiotic-induced growth promotion (AIGP). The use of antibiotics for AIGP is still being exploited in several countries, including the US and Japan. The precise mechanism for AIGP is unclear, but the fact that growth promotion is absent when administering antibiotics to germ-free animals deficient in bacteria [21, 22], indicates that the gut microbiota plays a critical role in this promoting effect [20]. Gordon et al. [23,24,25] used an elegant method of fecal transplantation to demonstrate that the gut microbiota is critically important for regulating body weight. Furthermore, another group [26] showed that transplantation of Christensenella minuta into mice with an obese phenotype suppressed weight gain. Thus, these findings indicate that the gut microbiota can affect body weight regulation by modulating the gut microbial ecology.
Commensal microbes affect not only host stress response but also host behaviors
When exposed to stress stimuli, the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis is activated to maintain homeostasis of the body [27]. Interestingly, the HPA axis is known to be affected by both genetic determinants and postnatal environmental factors during infancy [28, 29]. Because gut microbes are an important environmental factor, we hypothesized that the gut microbiota plays a role in host stress responses. In 2004, we first demonstrated that gut microbes determine the HPA response to stressors, using germ-free (GF) and gnotobiotic mice [30]. The degree of plasma ACTH and corticosterone elevation in response to 1-h restraint stress was higher in GF mice than in specific pathogen free (SPF) mice. Furthermore, as summarized in Table 1, mono-association with B. infantis, a representative inhabitant of the neonate gut, decreased the HPA stress response to SPF, while mono-association with Bacteroides vulgatus had no effect. The hormonal stress response of rabbit-derived enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC)-monoassociated mice was substantially higher than that of GF mice, although such an exaggerated response was not found in mice with an EPEC mutant strain, ΔTir [31], which was uninternalized due to defects in the translocated intimin receptor.
Table 1 Effects of restraint stress (RS) on plasma ACTH and the corticosterone levels of gnotobiotic mice
The finding that commensal bacteria can substantially affect the HPA stress response later in life raises an interesting question about whether gut bacteria can change host behavior. This question has been addressed in the past decade by several independent groups, including our own [32,33,34,35,36,37]. The commensal microbiota is a crucial factor in modulating the host's behavioral profile. For example, we developed a reliable method to accurately analyze the behavior of GF mice maintained in an isolator [35]. This method enabled us to evaluate GF animal behavior without the risk of exposure to contamination. Using this system, GF mice were found to be more active and anxious than EX-GF mice that were transplanted with a normal SPF microbiota, based on open-field and marble-burying tests (Table 2). Colonization with B. infantis decreased the locomotor activity to the EX-GF level but had little effect on the anxiety levels. In contrast, mono-association with Clostridium coccoides reduced anxiety levels; however, it did not affect locomotor activity [35].
Table 2 Transplantation of normal gut microbiota renders germ-free (GF) mice less active and anxious
Collectively, these results indicate that gut microbiota can exert a substantial effect on the behavioral phenotype as well as the ability of the host to respond to stressors.
Possible relation between gut microbiota and AN pathologies
Patients with AN who have extremely low body weight often show marked resistance to weight gain in response to calorie intake; therefore, they usually require more calories to increase body weight than healthy subjects with normal weight [38,39,40]. Several factors such as increased physical activity [41] and diet-induced thermogenesis [42] are suggested to be involved in this phenomenon; however, the precise mechanisms for this are largely unknown. In addition, other important complications of AN include comorbid anxiety and depressive disorders. A well-known study, "the Minnesota Starvation Experiment" [43], which was performed during World War II, clearly showed that starvation significantly affected both physical and psychological conditions [43, 44]. Thirty-six volunteers who refused military service for religious reasons participated in this study. They were psychologically resilient before the experiment; however, most experienced periods of severe emotional distress during the study. This indicates that some psychiatric symptoms found in patients with AN could be explained by the effects of starvation. However, how and to what extent starvation affects the psychological and social functioning of patients with AN remain largely unknown.
Considering the emerging effects of gut microbes on body weight control or behavioral phenotypes, we speculated that commensal bacteria may play an important role in the onset and exacerbation of AN. Undoubtedly, patients' premorbid traits and psychosocial stressors are critical to the onset of AN. Prolonged physiological and psychological stress, including severe weight loss and extreme dietary habits, may influence the composition of the gut microbiota and subsequently induce "gut dysbiosis." This disturbed bacterial community may contribute to a decrease in food efficiency or behavioral abnormalities. For example, hyperactivity, one such abnormal behavior, may further strengthen the resistance to weight gain.
Gut dysbiosis in patients with AN
Several researchers have investigated whether gut dysbiosis exists in the gut of patients with AN and have shown that patients with AN show "dysbiosis", abnormal features of gut microbiota [45,46,47,48]. Armougom et al. [45] reported that Methanobrevibacter smithii was more frequently detected in patients with AN than those with low body weight due to diseases other than AN. Interestingly, these methanogenic archaea are often found in patients with constipation-predominant irritable bowel syndrome [49, 50]. Mack et al. [47] found that the ratio of mucin-degrading bacteria to Clostridium cluster I, XI, and XVIII in an AN group was higher and the butyric acid-producing genus Roseburia was lower than that of the intestinal flora of normal body weight subjects. In addition, the proportion of Bacteroidetes phylum in patients with AN was significantly reduced compared to normal-weight subjects and did not recover after weight gain. Our group [48] used the intestinal bacterial analysis system YIF-SCAN® that was developed by Yakult Central Laboratory to examine the intestinal bacteria of female subjects with AN and age-matched healthy women. The total bacterial, Clostridium coccoides, Clostridium leptum, Bacteroides fragilis, and Streptococcus counts were significantly lower in the AN group than the control group. The detection rate of the Lactobacillus plantarum subgroup was significantly lower in the AN group than in the control group. Based on 16S rRNA sequencing methods, we also reported a lower relative abundance of the phylum Bacteroidetes in patients with AN than healthy age-matched controls [51]. As summarized in Table 3, several recently published papers [52,53,54,55,56,57] have also shown changes in gut microbial ecology at the phylum or genus levels; however, no specific bacteria were identified among these reports. Thus, although the results differ depending on the patient's background or analytical methods, "gut dysbiosis" is consistently observed in patients with AN.
Table 3 Gut microbial composition of patients with anorexia nervosa (AN)
Can gut dysbiosis contribute to AN pathologies: analyses using gnotobiotic animal models
The existence of gut dysbiosis does not always relate to impaired functional outcomes; namely, such disturbed microbiota may not be a causal factor contributing to AN pathologies but an epiphenomenon resulting from lengthy starvation. To test this, we transplanted the gut microbiota of patients with AN into GF mice to establish gnotobiotic mice (gAN) whose microbiota consisted of the intestinal microbiota of patients with AN [51]. The gAN mice showed a significantly decreased weight gain compared with the gnotobiotic mice (gHC) transplanted with the gut microbiota of healthy women. Similarly, food efficiency (weight gain/food intake) was also lower in the gAN mice than in the gHC mice. Moreover, the gAN mice also exhibited increased anxiety-like behaviors relative to the gHC mice, when evaluated by open field and marble-burying tests. Interestingly, marble-burying behaviors displayed the highest correlation with the relative abundance of the genus Bacteroides. Moreover, the administration of Bacteroides vulgatus, which belongs to the genus Bacteroides and is a predominant species of the Bacteroides fragilis group in adult humans [58], reversed the behavioral abnormalities in the gAN mice.
These results indicate that some characteristic features of patients with AN can be reproduced by transplanting the AN gut microbiota. Bacteria, such as Bacteroides vulgatus, may play a protective role against the development of pathologies specific to patients with AN. Recently, Glenny et al. [59] reported that fecal transplantation from patients with AN exerted no significant effects on body weight in GF mice. A precise reason for this discrepant result is unclear; however, this may be related to the methodology of fecal transplantation, which involved the use of frozen feces, as they suggested. Therefore, the results of our study, which utilized fresh feces, should be validated by future experiments using a larger number of mouse colonies and different human donors.
Molecules potentially involved in AN pathology: analyses using serum metabolome profiles
The above results based on animal experiments provide valuable information about some pathological features of AN; nonetheless, they are inapplicable to human conditions. Therefore, we performed metabolome analyses using human materials.
Uremic toxins and related compounds
We detected 275 metabolites in serum samples from patients with AN and healthy controls [60]. Although the patients with AN enrolled in this study failed to show any apparent renal dysfunction, the serum levels of guanidinosuccinic acid and N2-phenylacetylglutamine, a uremic toxin, were significantly higher in the patients with AN restricting type (ANR). Therefore, precise quantification of uremic toxins was performed using selected-reaction monitoring of liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry at Kureha Corporation, as reported [61,62,63]. The serum p-cresol (PCS), indole-3-acetic acid, and phenyl sulfate levels were significantly higher in an AN group than in an age-matched control group [60]. Because these uremic toxins are produced by gut microbes, gut microbes may contribute to increased uremic toxins. This possibility was supported by our results showing that serum PCS levels in an ANR group (but not a control group) correlated positively with the abundance of a Clostridium coccoides group or a Clostridium leptum subgroup [60]. Interestingly, in another cohort of ANR patients [51], the relative abundance of members of the genus Blautia was significantly higher in ANR patients than in age-matched healthy women. Previously, it was reported that the genus Blautia was the most abundant subgroup in human intestinal Clostridium coccoides group populations that were identified using the YIF-SCAN system [64]. These findings suggest that increased populations of certain bacteria belonging to the genus Blautia may help elevate the serum uremic toxin levels of patients with ANR.
Yokoyama et al. [65] reported that PCS derived from gut microbes may slow the growth of weanling pigs and that inhibiting PCS production with antibiotics may be one of the mechanisms by which antibiotics can induce AIGP [20]. The compound was also found to play a role in the development and progression of neuropsychiatric diseases, such as autism [66,67,68]. For example, Hsaio et al. [69] suggested that 4-ethylphenylsulfate, a sulfated compound of PCS, may promote the development of autistic-like behavior in a mouse model with maternal immune activation. Nonetheless, whether PCS or its related compounds can affect weight gain and behavioral characteristics of patients with AN remains unclear.
Amino acids: tryptophan and related molecules may be key players responsible for AN-specific pathologies
Serum metabolomic measurement showed another interesting finding regarding AN. Serum levels of 10 amino acids, including asparagine, tyrosine, isoleucine, alanine, histidine, leucine, methionine, proline, tryptophan (TRP), and valine, were lower in patients with AN than age-matched healthy women, when the false-discovery rate corrected p-value was set at less than 0.1. According to pathway enrichment analyses, the pathway of "phenylalanine, tyrosine, and TRP biosynthesis" was ranked as the highest impact score [60].
Since Kaye's pioneering works [70, 71], TRP has been demonstrated to play an important role in the development and maintenance of AN. In fact, in malnourished and emaciated individuals with AN, reduced plasma TRP availability [72,73,74] and reduced 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid levels in the CSF have been reported [71]. This decreased serotonergic system may be involved in AN pathology by changing the host behavior. Indeed, increased locomotor activity, hyperactivity, is often seen in subjects with AN and has been regarded as a key characteristic of the disorder [75,76,77]. Interestingly, Uchida et al. [78] reported that mice fed TRP-limited diets exhibited increased locomotor activity. This indicates that a dearth of tryptophan due to decreased dietary intake can exacerbate AN-specific behavioral abnormalities, such as hyperactivity, via modulating the brain 5-HT system, subsequently aggravating poor weight gain by increasing exercise-induced calorie consumption. This series of events eventually forms a vicious cycle, which may substantially contribute to the perpetuation of AN pathology.
Increasing attention has been paid to the role of gut microbiota in AN. However, in terms of gut microbes, the following questions remain to be addressed.
There is a pressing need to develop more effective therapeutics for adult patients with AN who are refractory to usual treatments. Probiotics may be a useful adjunctive therapy to achieve better weight gain and maintain appropriate mental conditions. This is clinically important and should be addressed by randomized controlled studies with large sample sizes.
Some gut bacteria metabolize indigestible dietary fiber or oligosaccharides and produce short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), such as acetate, propionate, and butylate [79]. SCFAs are now considered to be one of the key molecules that can affect neuropsychiatric functions [5, 80]. Such bacteria-generated SCFAs exert an anxiolytic effect in mice [81, 82]; therefore, pre- or pro-biotic interventions that have an ability to increase fecal SCFAs may be a therapeutic option to improve mental conditions in patients with AN.
The majority of gut bacteria resides in the colon; therefore, the colonic bacteria have been extensively studied. However, how and to what extent microbes residing in the jejunum or ileum can contribute to host pathophysiology are largely unknown and should be clarified. For example, small intestinal bacterial overgrowth has been found to occur under some pathological conditions [83], and because amino acids, including tryptophan, are usually absorbed via transporters present in the upper GI tract [84, 85], it is theoretically possible that bacteria in the small intestine may play a role in the development and exacerbation of AN pathology by modulating the ability of the microbes to metabolize diet- or host-derived proteins. These bacteria may confer protection against AN-specific behavioral abnormalities by producing amino acids such as tryptophan.
Recently, some species of gut microbes have been reported to synthesize d-amino acids as well as l-amino acids [86, 87]. D-serine is known to activate the N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptor as its co-agonist [88]. Therefore, D-amino acids, such as d-tryptophan in the gut lumen, may exert a substantial effect on brain function similar to D-serine.
Figure 1 shows our working hypothesis concerning the possible role of the gut microbiota in the development and perpetuation of AN.
Possible role of the gut microbiota in the pathogenesis of anorexia nervosa (AN). Premorbid traits, such as compulsive personality, perfectionism, and drive for thinness, and psychosocial stressors play a crucial role in AN development [74]. Consequently, changes in dietary habits and altered intake of food ingredients, induced by dieting, lead to a dearth of essential amino acids [60] and "gut dysbiosis" [45,46,47,48, 51,52,53,54,55,56]. Physical and psychological stresses accompanying extreme weight loss may also affect the disturbed microbial ecology of the gut [89, 90]. Moreover, gut dysbiosis, together with the stresses, also induces constipation by impairing gut motility function [49, 50]. Prolonged constipation with gut dysbiosis elevates uremic toxins [60], such as p-cresol, which is possibly involved in poor weight gain [65] and psychiatric symptoms [69]. Decreased short chain fatty acids (SCFA), especially acetate, derived from gut dysbiosis [48] may also contribute to impaired weight control [79] and persistent anxiety [81, 82]. Finally, hyperactivity, a key characteristic of AN [75,76,77], is potentially induced by an insufficient intake of essential amino acids, such as tryptophan, and further perpetuates low body weight via increasing calorie expenditure
The theory of "autointoxication," which states that toxins generated in the gut exert a negative impact on brain function, inducing depression, anxiety, and other mental diseases [91,92,93], was long regarded as an irrational concept. Only recently has scientific research been conducted on the topic, and it has become extensively studied. Further developments in this field could elucidate the role of gut microbes in the pathogenesis of eating disorders and further provide a strong rationale for probiotic intervention as a treatment for patients with AN.
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This work was supported by KAKENHI Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Innovative Areas "Will dynamics" (JP 16H06404: NS) and Scientific Research (B) (JP 20H04106: NS), as well as by a Grant-in-Aid from the Smoking Research Foundation (NS).
Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
Nobuyuki Sudo
NS wrote all sections of the manuscript and reviewed the final paper. The author read and approved the final manuscript.
Correspondence to Nobuyuki Sudo.
The author (NS) declares no conflicts of interest associated with this manuscript.
Sudo, N. Possible role of the gut microbiota in the pathogenesis of anorexia nervosa. BioPsychoSocial Med 15, 25 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13030-021-00228-9
Uremic toxin

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl