text:
Research, Patient Care
Psychiatry Highlights, Psychiatry Highlights 2020–2021
Shedding Light on Adult Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder & Its Comorbidities
Researchers at NYU Langone have led a first of its kind study that correlates sluggish cognitive tempo in adults with ADHD.
Photo: fizkes/Getty
In the past, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) was widely considered to affect children and adolescents almost exclusively. NYU Langone Health researchers have been instrumental for more than a decade in dispelling that misconception and in identifying the distinct diagnostic markers, neurobiological pathways, behavioral impacts, and comorbidities that characterize adult ADHD.
A Pioneering Researcher
An internationally recognized leader in those efforts is Lenard A. Adler, MD, professor in the Departments of Psychiatry and Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and director of the Adult ADHD Program at NYU Langone. Dr. Adler was among the first researchers to identify key differences in symptom presentation and resulting impairment in adult versus pediatric ADHD—determining, for instance, that physical restlessness tends to be less evident in adults with the disorder, while executive function deficits are often more prominent.
In the early 2000s, Dr. Adler helped develop the World Health Organization ASRS-v1.1 Screener, the first screening tool to evaluate individuals at risk for adult ADHD and still the most widely used (in an updated version, which he co-authored). He was also a principal investigator in the first study of ADHD prevalence in the United States, part of the National Comorbidity Survey, which in 2006 reported that 4.4 percent of U.S. adults had the disorder. That figure, about half the rate observed in children, remains the standard estimate today.
Since then, Dr. Adler has led an array of investigations focused on the neurobiology of adult ADHD and how various types of medication affect it. Because patients often have co-occurring psycho-behavioral conditions, an important facet of his work involves examining how ADHD and other disorders interact.
ADHD versus Sluggish Cognitive Tempo: A Groundbreaking Study
One of Dr. Adler's ongoing studies seeks to identify the relationship between symptoms of adult ADHD and those of a relatively common but little-understood comorbidity: sluggish cognitive tempo (SCT). First identified in the 1980s, this syndrome does not appear in diagnostic literature such as the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), and debate continues over its proper classification. But in recent years, SCT has gained greater recognition as a condition related to—yet distinct from—the inattentive subtype of ADHD.
"SCT describes people who present as dreamy, spacey, and slow moving," Dr. Adler explains. "They have difficulty initiating tasks and often seem under-motivated and under-aroused." In a survey of 1,294 adults with and without ADHD, published in 2012 in the Journal of Abnormal Psychology, researchers found an SCT prevalence rate of 5.8 percent, and half of those meeting the criteria for the syndrome also had ADHD. Other studies have shown that patients with ADHD and with SCT have increased impairment. Such data lead some experts to suggest that SCT's pathophysiology may differ from that of ADHD, requiring different therapeutic approaches.
The few treatment studies to date of SCT in patients with ADHD lend support to that hypothesis. One trial of methylphenidate in children with ADHD and SCT, for example, found that the response for SCT symptoms was lower than for core ADHD symptoms. A post-hoc analysis of a study of atomoxetine versus placebo in children with ADHD and dyslexia versus dyslexia alone found that controlling for changes in ADHD scores did not significantly influence changes in SCT scores.
Yet no such studies have been completed with adult patients. Dr. Adler and his colleagues—including researchers from NYU Langone, the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, and SUNY Upstate Medical University—set out to rectify that omission.
Untangling a Complex Interplay of Pathologies
The team designed a two-phase, two-site study of the correlates of SCT in adults with ADHD that will also assess the treatment responsivity of patients with both conditions to the sustained-release stimulant lisdexamfetamine. In October 2019 they published initial results from the baseline phase in the journal Psychiatric Annals. The paper reported on an analysis of 87 patients with ADHD, examined at NYU Langone, to assess how the profiles of those with and without SCT might differ. All participants were men and women ages 18 to 60 who met DSM-5 criteria for a primary diagnosis of inattentive or combined-type ADHD; of these, 48 were also diagnosed with SCT. In addition, both cohorts—SCT-positive and -negative—were tested using rating scales for executive function deficits, emotional dyscontrol, psychiatric comorbidities, and overall impairment.
Participants with a dual diagnosis of ADHD and SCT, the researchers found, had significantly greater clinician-reported inattentive symptoms, clinician-reported emotional dyscontrol, and self-reported executive function deficits, as well as higher overall impairment scores, than those with ADHD alone. "These findings are in line with past research on ADHD and SCT in adults," notes Dr. Adler. "We did not, however, find differences in hyperactivity-impulsivity in the SCT-positive cohort, unlike some prior studies of adults with ADHD that found a weak but significant association."
Notably, the team's findings confirmed earlier research suggesting that SCT affects adults differently from children. "In previous studies, children with ADHD and SCT did not show elevated emotional dyscontrol or executive function deficits compared to those without SCT," Dr. Adler says. "It may be that when SCT presents or persists into adulthood, it results in deficits in these areas that have not yet developed in children."
The Importance of Further Research
The second phase of the study, a randomized, placebo-controlled trial of lisdexamfetamine for adults with ADHD and SCT, is currently under review; publication is expected in 2021.
Like all of Dr. Adler's research on adult ADHD, this investigation serves a broader mission. "Nearly 60 percent of patients diagnosed with ADHD in childhood continue to exhibit symptoms in adulthood, yet only a minority of adult patients are recognized and engaged in treatment," he says. "Adults with ADHD exhibit significant impairments in interpersonal relationships, academic achievements, and professional attainments. They suffer from high rates of mood and substance use disorders, accidents with injury, and early mortality. It's critical that we improve our ability to diagnose and manage this disorder at every stage of human development."
Lenard A. Adler, MD
NYU Langone Psychiatry Associates
Research, Press Releases
Drug Relieves Persistent Daydreaming, Fatigue & Brain Sluggishness in Adults with ADHD
Sluggish cognitive tempo may be distinct from ADHD, and the stimulant lisdexamfetamine treats both.
The Wall Street Journal: ADHD: An Unexpected New Diagnosis in Seniors
ADHD is normally diagnosed in kids and young adults, but seniors have it, too.


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Q: Way to change transparency with java swing.image I draw graphics in frame with this methods.
public void paint(Graphics g) {
    screenImage = createImage(1280, 720);
    screenGraphic = screenImage.getGraphics();
    screenDraw((Graphics2D) screenGraphic);
    //g.drawImage(BG, 0, 0, null);
    g.drawImage(screenImage, 0, 0, null);
}

public void screenDraw(Graphics2D g) {
    g.drawImage(BG, 0, 0, null);
    Graphics2D g2 = (Graphics2D)g;
    if(isMainScreen) {
        //g2.setComposite(alphaComposite);
        g2.drawImage(selectedImage, 100, 220, null);
    }
    paintComponents(g);
    this.repaint();
}

I want to have selectedImage to be transparency 50% or other integer.
private Image selectedImage = new ImageIcon(Main.class.getResource("../pic/something.jpg")).getImage();

this is selectedImage, and it works well.

A: Adapt a bit of Image -> BufferedImage code, and then you can set each pixel to be transparent
Image selectedImage = new ImageIcon([...]).getImage();

//Image -> BufferedImage code
BufferedImage img = new BufferedImage(selectedImage.getWidth(null), selectedImage.getHeight(null), BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_ARGB);
Graphics2D g = img.createGraphics();
g.drawImage(selectedImage, 0, 0, null);
g.dispose();

//set each pixel to be transparent
int transparency = 127; //0-255, 0 is invisible, 255 is opaque
int colorMask = 0x00FFFFFF; //AARRGGBB
int alphaShift = 24;
for(int y = 0; y < img.getHeight(); y++)
    for(int x = 0; x < img.getWidth(); x++)
        img.setRGB(x, y, (img.getRGB(x, y) & colorMask) | (transparency << alphaShift));

//img is now transparent, can replace selectedImage if you want (optional)
selectedImage = img;

If you use ImageIO.read(File) instead of ImageIcon.getImage(), it will give you a BufferedImage directly

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
/**
 * Created by mavy on 11/19/2014.
 */

var util = require('util');
var Message = require('./messages').Message;

function BroadcastMessage(ownerId, name, body) {
    Message.call(this,ownerId, name, body);

}

util.inherits(BroadcastMessage, Message);

module.exports = BroadcastMessage;

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


» "Haven't You Heard" the News?
There are a lot of strange shows about school life, whether we speak of "Ouran High School Host Club" or "School Rumble" or even "Medaka Box", but the offering before us, "Sakamoto desu ga?" ("Haven't You Heard? I'm Sakamoto" or "I'm Sakamoto, You Know?") certainly ranks as one of the strangest. We follow the aforementioned First-Year Sakamoto (nope, we don't know his first name AT ALL) the incredibly cool and popular genius who is well liked by both girls and boys. Despite the strange situations he may be in, Sakamoto always manages to fix the problem in absolute perfection while still being over the top.
In all honestly, this is the kind of guy you really want to hate, hate, hate, as everything he does is exquisite and right on the money. When he is tormented by bullies, he turns the tables on them to the point that they will not mess with him AT ALL. The bullies are bullied into submission. Every circumstance or situation presented to him appears insoluble and that he will have to taste bitter defeat, only to come up with a solution that is so remarkable, so outside the box, so honestly unexpected, that you stand in awe of him. How does he do it?
Yet, he is seemingly oblivious to the situations around him. Whether he will not admit to the depth of the problem or feels it is not a factor, he never slips up, no, not AT ALL. He even takes Yoshinobu Kubota under his wing. He is one of those blobby types that is bullied, but helps him stand up for himself. It is a rough road, but he can walk it with Sakamoto's help.
Even if you do not want his help, you end up accepting it, as it is dispensed in such a way that you end up taking it, even if you did not see it as such, as the result or solution is the only logical choice. And he is never over-bearing or insufferable about it. He's just helping out another fellow protoplasm.
This is a fine show, with a well-defined character who remains unflappable, even in the worst of situations and set-ups. Maybe you want to see if he will fail (save your juice, Bruce, it don't happen!) or the enormous effect he has on everyone. Even birds love him!
The ending is a tad off, but it's one of those conclusions that you realize, this is the only outcome for all involved. Could there be a second season? Potentially, but with such a wonderful ending, you may be hard-pressed to go for another round and not ruin what you have laid down before.
And remember, it's first run until you've seen it. Cool. Cooler! Coolest!!


This laid back desert contemporary home in the conveniently central neighborhood of Sunrise Park beckons you to drop your bags and sink into its big, comfy furnishings. Equally large, plush beds take the comfort theme all the way, including a master with en-suite with direct backyard and pool/spa access.
Leisure and lounging is the order of the day--every day. A wide open great room comprised of living room and grand kitchen overlooks an inviting backyard generously equipped for poolside pastimes. A combination of tall block walls and high hedges offer superb privacy, while the classic rectangular pool is complemented by a lengthy pergola over a jacuzzi spa, numerous chaise lounges and ample patio furnishings, a wood-burning 'chimenea', and mountain views galore. A large barbecue grill sits just off the kitchen window pass-through for easy outdoor entertaining.
Just a mile and a half from our vibrant downtown scene, DCC ensures you can satiate your craving for action... after all that relaxing. A easy-breezy skate or bike ride can get you there in 10 minutes, or in less than five by car. Same goes for the distance to some of Palm Springs' most popular hiking trails, among other local destinations, such as horse stables, the chic uptown district, downtown nightlife, art museum, and more.


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Q: Boostrap 3 input with addon and help block Using Bootstrap CSS 3.3.1, I got a little problem with an input with an addon and a help block.
Just see the fiddle : https://jsfiddle.net/L8cyqoL1/1/
Tested on Firefox / Chrome. Is the markup wrong ? I tried "input-group" ... as class without success
Here is the markup :

    Titre de la page

            @

        <input type="text" value="Value test" class="form-control input-xxlarge" id="title" name="title" size="46" />
            Help Lorem Ipsum

A: Try it like this:

        Titre de la page

              @
                <input type="text" id="title" name="title"  class="form-control" />

Example block-level help text here.

See this updated fiddle
(stretch the preview pane to see the column support)

A: Its fine to go with the accepted answer, but if you still need help-block inside the input-group (I needed it to support my working javascript to show inline errors) there is a workaround that would fix the issue and has cross browser support.
.input-group .help-block{
  display: table-row;
}

here is the fiddle: https://jsfiddle.net/L4joxj90/2/
(this only has a limitation that we can't use the input-group-addon on the left side of the input field)


1. Is it just a phase?
2. Should I call the doctor?
3. How to break bad habits?
Are you annoyed your preschooler is still sucking his thumb?
Well, don't worry about it until age 5, says Chris McGinnis, a psychologist with Boys Town South Florida.
Habits such as thumb-sucking seem like a rite of passage, though it's perplexing for parents.
In fact, Sierra Boyce of Jupiter says her soon-to-be 2-year-old son seems to pick up a bad habit just about every day. "When he was younger, he would bang his head on things. Once he started moving around, he loved to poke the dogs in their eyes," she says.
Luckily, most of these of quirks disappeared just about as fast as they came on, Boyce says. Except one: eating dirt.
Should she be worried? Probably not, says Kathryn Tancig, program director of Healthy Families Palm Beach. "Most of the time, these behaviors are just phases or habits — not serious medical problems —and the child typically outgrows them," she says.
However, Tancig advises parents to turn to their pediatrician if they're concerned.
Also, she says, you may want to consider changing how you respond to your child's bad habit.
"Yelling, calling attention to the habit and punishment do not usually work to stop the behavior, but praising the absence of the behavior, using positive rewards and patience are likely to help," she says.
2. SHOULD I CALL THE DOC?
One secret trick to halting a bad habit? Quality sleep, McGinnis says. It boosts cooperation and overall functioning. "Once we help improve sleep and cooperation, then we move on to other concerns like picky eating, problems with the homework routine, anxiety, bad habits, bed-wetting and others," he says.
Calmly explain what you don't like about the behavior and why. This approach can be used with children as young as 3 or 4 to help increase awareness of the problem. Say something like, "I don't like it when you bite your nails. It doesn't look nice. Could you try to stop doing that?" The next time it happens, don't scold or lecture. Punishment, ridicule or criticism could have the opposite effect by causing the behavior to increase.
Involve your child in the process of breaking the habit. If your 5-year-old comes home crying from kindergarten because the other children mocked his thumb- sucking, understand this is a way of asking for help. Parents can ask their children what they think they could do to stop the habit or if they want to stop the habit. Brainstorm ways to break the habit together.
Suggest alternative behaviors. For example, if your child is a nail-biter, say, "Let's wiggle our fingers," instead of "Don't bite your nails." This will increase awareness of the habit and may serve as a reminder. To occupy your child's attention, provide a distraction, such as helping you in the kitchen or working on a craft.
Reward and praise self-control. For example, allow your child to use nail polish if she lets her nails grow instead of biting them off. Or, when your son refrains from sucking his thumb, reinforce that with praise and give him a sticker or other small prize.
Be patient. It takes time for the alternative behavior to replace the bad one. For the best success, motivate your children to break the habit. And be supportive!
Setting clear limits is the key to disciplining a preschooler.
The Palm Beach County School District's Child Find program continues therapy for children with developmental delays who started in earlier programs through other organizations. But enrollment in Child Find doesn't hinge on participation in earlier programs. Read more about how to enroll your child.


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Q: Capture string to a character but not including the character With the string http://stackoverflow.com/questions/ask?hello=world, you can use /^.+\?/ to capture http://stackoverflow.com/questions/ask?. How can I just capture http://stackoverflow.com/questions/ask.

A: Enclose the portion of regex that matches the required string in parenthesis and use groups to retrieve that.
 /(^.+)\?/

Group 1 will contain the entire matched string except the trailing ?.

A: use this regexrpession /^.+(?=\?)/

A: You can use ^[^?]+
This will capture until a question mark is found, but the question mark will not be in the result.
Check it out.


The Lady Knights Lacrosse team had a 'great' loss against a tough Celebration Storm team that stormed their own record to 8-2 & I as a Coach – love it! I know you are asking yourselves, "How in the h&** can a loss be 'Great'? Why does he love it & Has the Coach lost his mind?" It will be or can be 'Great' if the team learns some invaluable lessons from a meaningless game as far the CHAMPIONSHIP is concerned. Every CHAMPIONSHIP team faces adversity & how they respond determines their CHAMPIONSHIP mettle! The Lady Knights scored early as usual to take the early lead then let the Storm go on a 4 goal run to take a 4-1lead. The Lady Knights scored again to keep it close 4-2 until the Storm ran off another 5 goal run. The Lady Knights always scrapping to the end was able to go to the half with a last minute shot & what seemed an insurmountable lead by the Storm 9-3. The second half saw the teams trading goals until Senior Brooke Boss (what a great name) stepped up to the plate & went on a 3 goal tear to make the score 13-8 but it was not enough to spark your Lady Knights to defeat a TEAM win by the Storm. The Storm produced 15 goals from 9 different players – WOW – an invaluable lesson that is 'great' to learn for your Lady Knights – a TEAM will beat a group of individuals ANY given day regardless of talent! Another 'great' lesson learned is that Individual Stars are bound to have an 'off' day during a long season – this is why it is crucial that each individual is prepared to be a VITAL LINK – ready to to step in at any given moment, at any given position, even if it is for just a brief moment (it's not just another crazy coach saying – it IS a life lesson)!
Fortunately for your Lady Knights, this game was nothing more than a wake up call & meaningless in regards to the Championship run! This loss has come at opportune time with 5 more games left to improve themselves as a TEAM! The Storm was a great example of unselfish play that led to a great TEAM win. Thank you to Coach B & the Celebration Storm for the lessons that you taught us today! It matters not what I believe as a coach (that your Lady Knights IS a CHAMPIONSHIP team), it matters what each Lady Knight BELIEVES of themselves & their TEAM this year! The CHAMPIONSHIP train is at a crossroads & the next few games will finish the story. Is it enough to break records? Is it enough to be the #2 seed? Is it enough to make it to the CHAMPIONSHIP game for the third year in a row? Only TIME will tell!


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Q: WP7: IsolatedStorage vs. WriteableBitmap I have a scenario that I need some good solid advice on. The question is really about speed of WriteableBitmap vs. images in IsolatedStorage on the Windows Phone.
I have an app that displays a UserControl (#1) which is a little graphically heavy. When the user swipes it, it transitions in a push-left type of transition to bring in a new UserControl (#2) which is also a little graphically heavy. If the user swipes the other way, control #1 is brought in in the same type of push-transition, this time from the right.
What I do today is take a snapshot of #1, load #2 off screen and take a snapshot of it, put both side-by-side in a Canvas control and animate that control either left or right. One of the reasons I don't just use the controls and animate them is they may have animation that starts when they are loaded - my current technique allows me to capture a screen shot of pre-animation and post-animation, depending on which direction they go in.
What I'm wondering, however, if it would be better/faster to just do the above the first time and send the writeablebitmap to IsolatedStorage with Extenstions.SaveJPEG and just use that instead in subsequent tranistion animations.
Would load/render/WriteableBitmap each time generally be faster or load jpeg from IsolatedStorage be faster each time? I see that the Transitions control in the SDK doesn't really do either of these, so I'm open to suggestions that are different that also might improve performance.

A: I expect this to be very depended on the hardware and application. So it is pretty hard to give an answer based on this input. It doesn't look to hard to test (on actual hardware and with the actual application) so my advice is to build both and test.
The applications I have been working with use both approaches and to be honest I haven't noticed much difference.
Also you might try and enable bitmap caching on the controls. This will give you a writeable bitmap implementation that is very fast.


Can the Euro Exist Without Fiscal or Political Union?
Who Will Pay for Nuclear Power Plant Cleanup?
Should Bethany McLean Be Bothered by the Government Lawsuit Against S&P?
NC Crowdsourcing! Whither the Deficit Cliffhanger?
Wolf Richter: What Do They Know That We Don't?
Credit Ratings Agencies Are Pimps of Wall Street – It's Time to Ban Them!
Should We Take the Department of Justice's Suit Against Standard & Poor's Seriously?
Does Religion Serve a Purpose?


The idea of living entirely on plants has been around for a very long time, it was just the word 'vegan' that was new in 1944. During the 19th century there were endless debates between those who added eggs and dairy produce to their plants, and those who did not. From 1847 the word 'vegetarian' was used by both, with or without various appendages.
relatively short lived, ending within the decade. The discussions continued in print .
The debates about the use of eggs and dairy products in first half of the 20th century were summarized by Leah Leneman Ph.D, University of Edinburgh, in her article "No Animal Food: The Road to Veganism in Britain, 1909-1944" (1999). Leneman showed that there had been frequent letters and editorials during those years in The Vegetarian Messenger and Health Review (TVMHR1 from the original, 1847, national Vegetarian Society based in Manchester), usually a series of items followed by a gap of a year or two, then the sequence repeated.
actually from January with the editor's answer to a question (TVMHR January 1942 pp.8-9). They continued through 1943, and would probably have faded away during 1944 like the others.
It began to be something different from just letters with a series of articles by a remarkable sister and brother duo, originally from Yorkshire.
In February there was a two page article by 25-year-old Eva Watson (b.1918, later Eva Cook, GRO ) on "Eliminating Dairy Produce: How the difficulties can be overcome" (TVMHR February 1944 pp.38- 39). She gave well-written effective practical advice and included anecdotes about fitness when cycling with her brother on their tandem.
She was followed in the next two issues by her 33-year-old brother, an unmarried woodwork teacher, and Secretary of the Leicester Vegetarian Society. Donald Watson wrote an impressively researched nine-page two-part article "Should Vegetarians Eat Dairy Produce?" (TVMHR March p.46-51, and April 1944 p.79-81) Eva and Donald's articles were both based on talks given to the Leicester Vegetarian Society on December 14, 1943.
Donald dealt with both animal abuse and health issues, and included details of egg production. 'Non-dairy' was generally understood at that time as catch-all phrase including non-eggs and mostly non-honey.
In response to the Watsons' articles a debate was hosted by the Croydon Vegetarian Society (South London) on Saturday April 22, 1944, and was seen as significant enough to be given of a full page report from Manchester (TVMHR June 1944 p.111).
It was presided over, and organised by the Croydon Secretary, Elsie B. Shrigley, and was listed in the preceding TVMHR, as being in the Guild Room, Congregational Church, George Street, 7.00pm, bringing in a wider audience, beyond the local Croydon group.
Elsie was born Elsie Beatrice Salling to a Danish watchmaker father, and a Swedish mother in north London 1899. Her nickname Sally has an obvious derivation. She married Walter Shrigley, a dentist from Croydon, in her home area of Hampstead, north London in 1939 (GRO ), Her career was varied, but mainly teaching music.
Walter was a committee member of the London Vegetarian Society (annual report 1944), which had broken away from Manchester way back in 1888, to become a national rival. They published their own magazine Vegetarian News (VN ), but it was rather thin in 1944 as their office had been bombed. As Walter and Sally were from opposite sides of London, they probably met through LVS.
Sally wrote many years later (TV Spring 1962 p.6) that she was vegetarian from 1934 and non-dairy from April 1944, which suggests that the latter decision, and the inspiration to call the debate, was prompted by the Watsons' articles.
The motion at the debate "That vegetarians should aim at eliminating dairy produce from their diet" was proposed by Donald Watson, who began by stating that he assumed all present had read his article, and seconded by Fay Jones.
Watson later reported (Vegan News, November 1944 p.2) that the motion was carried by about 30 votes to 2 (The TVMHR report, written by the Croydon Secretary, gave 3 against but no figure for those in favour).
After many years of discussions in the magazines, a sizeable number of supporters of nondairy vegetarianism had finally met in real-life. Naturally they wanted to continue meeting.
On June 10, 1944, Fay Jones age 47 (the seconder above), married George Allan Henderson (known as Allan) age 44, at the Lewisham Register Office in south-east London (GRO).
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Clarion: The Clarion was a weekly newspaper published by Robert Blatchford …a socialist publication … founded in Manchester in 1891…The Women's column was written initially by Eleanor Keeling Edwards.
Vegetarian Society Diamond Jubilee, Manchester 1907: Mr. Blatchford made an excellent chairman, and his clear testimony was enthusiastically received by a large audience, many of whom were attracted by his presence.
Fay was six when her mother died. Her father re-married and was posted to the Lewisham area of London, where she grew up. Fay married Herbert Jones, at the Friends Meeting House (Quaker) in Manchester, 1927 (GRO). They were both school teachers in nearby Oldham, but he appears to have died in early 1935. Her later writings suggest she continued with the subgroup of socialist-vegetarian Quakers. From 1935, as Fay K. Jones, she ran vegetarian guesthouses in the Rydal/Grasmere area of Lake District (north-west England) until the end of 1941, ending at Beck Allans, Grasmere (TVMHR February 1942 p.40). She left following the death of her stepmother Susan, at Beck Allans, returning home with her father to Lewisham.
Their marriage was reported in the next Vegetarian Society magazine from Manchester (TVMHR July 1944 p.145) as Fay was well known there. The occupation on her marriage certificate was "Manageress Catering Club", which was in fact the vegetarian Attic Club in Holborn, an easy commute from her home in Sydenham (back in Lewisham Borough).
Dining clubs were common in the UK during World War II, as way of supplementing the severe rationing which was in force until 1954. The most common being 'pig clubs' where members jointly bought and fed a pig, in due course sharing the meat, though a movie from a few years back portrayed a group who, in the end, couldn't bring themselves to kill the pig.
It's not clear how a vegetarian version worked, though rations were more relaxed for clubs and restaurants, allowing more eggs/dairy. Fruit and vegetables were never rationed, but they were in very short supply, especially in the cities (and no imports from warmer climates – no bananas…). Maybe members with bigger gardens in the suburbs were able to sell spare produce to the club.
The Attic Club in Holborn, London, opened at the beginning of 1944, shortly before the Croydon debate. The very first advert, right (VN2 Spring 1944 – Feb/Mar) said apply to Hector Nicholls, probably the secretary or Fay K. Jones, the manager/chef. The finances would have been managed by G. Allan Henderson.
Opening times were initially very limited, but soon expanded as in the second advert, and an editorial comment in the Vegetarian News (London) welcomed the extension, especially on Sundays. (VN2 Summer 1944 p.55. The advert below right is from the same issue).
Fay and Allan were married by then, but she would certainly not have given working at up the club to become a housewife! With Fay's strong socialist background, it's also easy to see why she would have liked the idea of a club, with a cheap subscription rate (2/6, two shillings and sixpence, is about 5 pounds/$6 in 2016). This would have suited her much better than a commercial restaurant in London.
The Hendersons' involvement with the fledgling non-dairy group enabled the meetings to be held there with suitable catering available. It became the natural hub for the group soon after the April debate in Croydon, and while the Attic Club was generally ovo-lacto-vegetarian, it was a rare place where non-dairy was no problem. It was Fay Keeling Henderson who made possible everything that followed.
Elsie Shrigley later wrote (VN Winter 1954 p.17) that she and Watson discussed this while on a holiday in Minehead, organised by the Vegetarian Social Club. But Watson must also have been discussing it with others, as nearer the time he wrote that "about a dozen" were involved in this delegation, see below.
At the Croydon debate in April, 1944, Fay Jones (as she was then) would certainly have told everyone about the Attic Club, which had only recently opened. Over the following months, some of the thirty-plus who were there would have dropped into the Club when they were in town, meeting each other now and then, and discussing everything with the ever-present manager, Fay K. Henderson. She most likely encouraged Watson to write his letter.
A letter was read from Mr. Donald Watson, of Leicester, in which he suggested that (a) the V.S. should establish a section for members who abstain from dairy produce, or (b) that such a group should be formed outside the V.S.
RESOLVED: that Mr. Watson be informed that the Executive cannot see their way to take steps to establish such a section, but if a group were formed outside the V.S. some space would continue to be given in the ""V.M." to the group's activities.
…the Society must devote all its energies in the direction of the abolition of flesh eating, and that the proposed group would be freer to function as an independent body.
Watson's letter actually asked, as a first option, for an internal section of the Society, not just a page in the magazine, to be devoted to non-dairy, which would have required a subcommittee of the main Executive Committee. There were other such internal sections at various times so this was not particularly unusual.
Just asking for a page in TVMHR would have been an odd request: in the 36 issues during 1942-44, there were at least 36 pages with editorials, letters, articles and reports about the non-dairy issue. But of course they really wanted a separate page, under their own subcommittee's editorial control.
The suggestion was that they should form an "outside group", which would be "given space" (for free) in the Society's magazine. This was also not unusual – Watson's Leicester Vegetarian Society, the Croydon Vegetarian Society, the Vegetarian Social Club and many others, were all "outside groups" (affiliated to either/both of the national Societies). This just meant they were run by members, supported by the national Societies through the magazines, but not run by an internal sub-committee of either Society.
The Executive Committee certainly did not reject the non-dairy movement.
Watson's letter in TVMHR, November 1944 p.214.
The group initially accepted the suggestion, and Watson wrote to the editor inviting readers (members of the Vegetarian Society) to join the 'Non-Dairy Produce Group' (TVMHR November 1944 p.214).
His letter shows he was writing on behalf of the group of about a dozen, not just acting on his own initiative. Allowing for the normal lead time, the letter must have been written by early October.
The group, still very informal at this stage, must have agreed to issue their own bulletin after the Executive Committee declined their request for an internal section with their own page in TVMHR. That would have been by more letters and more discussions at the Attic Club.
Despite this letter being sent, Fay Henderson still wanted to be a part of the (Manchester) Vegetarian Society, as she later recorded while Secretary of the Vegan Society in 'Vegan Values' (VWF  Winter 1947 p.29). Adding: "An appeal was forwarded to The Vegetarian Society to reconsider this decision" (of the Executive Committee). The only way to do that was to take the matter to the Society's Annual General Meeting on November 18, 1944, which they did, see below (it was late that year, as it was normally close to the September 30 founding date).
The advert above appeared in the November and December 1944 issues of TVMHR. It is not known when the booklet was first published but the ad must have been sent by early October. Margaret Rawls later joined the Vegan Society committee, contributing recipes, and they reprinted the 16 page booklet, with the same title in 1951 (Google books).
The photo, from the IVU Congress, 1947, includes Mr. T. F. Rawls and Mrs. Margaret B. Rawls at the back left, and Donald Watson front right. Immediately behind Watson is Mr. W. A. Sibly (known as 'Was'), President of both the Vegetarian Society (Manchester) and IVU. He was also the headmaster of the school hosting the Congress. Watson was a speaker in a session chaired by Dugald Semple (see below) and supported later by Fay Henderson.
The report, right, is from TVMHR, December 1944 p.240/241.
Dugald Semple was a Vice-President of the Vegetarian Society, and of IVU, who had been experimenting with a non-dairy diet for several decades. It must have been thought that a highly respected VP would carry more weight, so he was delegated to write the appeal to the AGM.
(photo: Dugald Semple and Fay Henderson, IVU Congress 1947. They would have been very old friends and guiding their new young talent, Donald Watson. Semple had been a speaker at a Leicester meeting back in 1942, as recorded in a very thin issue of London's VN).
It is possible that the Hendersons' suggestions were made at an Attic Club meeting, though neither they nor Watson ever mentioned that, or he might have received their ideas later by post (probably from Fay, signing as both). By "recently" in the above quote from February 1945, Watson is saying that the Hendersons gave their support during the three months after the publication of the first Vegan News. He very obviously valued their (Fay's) support.
There is no way of verifying what Janet was told by her parents about a time before she was born, and such things can easily be altered a little in the re-telling. So the above can't be taken too literally, but there is no reason to suppose it would be wrong in substance. If the dance was not long before the first Vegan News on November 24, 1944, it could be consistent with Dorothy shortening the version suggested by the Hendersons.
There was an earlier comment, by a male editor, that the word vegan was "coined by Donald Watson – with the assistance of his wife, Dorothy – by taking the first three and the last two letters of vegetarian." (TV Autumn 1994, supplement p.iii), with no source given. That must have come from a conversation, as it was never mentioned in print before that date. But how does someone "assist" in such a process? Janet's version at least makes sense.
Dorothy, nee Morgan, had passed away about ten years before Donald, having long since retired as head of a small village primary school. She had married him on October 26, 1946 (two years after the dance), in Christ Church in her home town of Llanfairfechan, near Bangor, North Wales. She was born there in 1912 (GRO). Photo: Donald and Dorothy on their wedding day (TV Spring 1947 p.11).
Their marriage certificate (GRO) shows Donald as 36 and Dorothy Mary 34. His occupation was 'school teacher' (father: "headmaster") and it gave his usual address in Leicester (he would have had a week off for the half-term break at the end of October). Dorothy's address was the family home in Wales, father: "rate collector", whilst her occupation just had a line across it, though she must have been doing something in Leicester during the war to have met Donald.
Looking back over the years from the vantage point of old age (78) I feel honoured to have been at the birth of this movement, and that as the person in sole charge for the 18 months before it was made democratic I had the awesome responsibility of choosing its name. I hope you all like it.
It is certainly better than the other bizarre proposals that were submitted to me at the time. How would you like to have been called a 'vitan', or a 'dairyban', or a 'beaumanger'? It seems not long ago that I was instructing readers of The Vegan News (the forerunner of The Vegan) how the new word should be pronounced – not 'veggan' or veejan'! The word has now been accepted world wide and has avoided the ambiguity so long associated with the word vegetarian.
 I sometimes feel that we had reached a watershed and if I hadn't formed the Society, someone else may have done it, very soon, although it may have had a different name. I did appeal to my readers to suggest what the name might be, and I had a list of very bizarre suggestions, which some people may already have heard of – I won't list them now – but, in an inspired moment, I settled for the word "vegan", which was immediately accepted and, over the years, became part of our language and is now in almost every world dictionary, I suppose.
  I invited my early readers to suggest a more concise word to replace "non-dairy vegetarian." Some bizarre suggestions were made like "dairyban, vitan, benevore, sanivore, beaumangeur", et cetera. I settled for my own word, "vegan", containing the first three and last two letters of "vegetarian" — "the beginning and end of vegetarian." The word was accepted by the Oxford English Dictionary and no one has tried to improve it.
All of the above suggest that the first time anyone other than Dorothy or Donald saw the word Vegan (with initially no indication of how to pronounce it) was when they received their copy of the first Vegan News in the post at the end of November 1944. Though possibly even just Donald as it is not known where Dorothy Morgan was living at that time.
It was certainly Donald Watson who first *used* the word vegan, as the title for his first Vegan News. The appeal to the Vegetarian Society (Manchester) AGM on Saturday November 18, 1944, had failed with the decision of the Executive Committee being upheld.
It is quite likely that Watson went to that AGM, especially as his Leicester group was hosting the Society's next May Meetings (see below). It looks like he had waited for that final decision, then finished writing his first Vegan News by the following Friday, November 24.
*Twenty five people responded to Watson's letter in TVMHR at the beginning of November, by sending their one shilling to join the Non-Dairy Produce Group. By the time they received their first newsletter at the end of the month, the sub-title showed the group name as changed to the 'Non-Dairy Vegetarians'.
*Watson wrote that there had been no advertising, beyond the letter to TVMHR, which meant that the initial members were all members of the Vegetarian Society (Manchester).
*He wrote that there was no committee and he was dealing with everything himself. Readers were invited to send articles and news to share through the newsletter.
*The word 'vegan' was suggested as the name of the newsletter, the individuals and the diet, with further ideas for the name invited. Any meetings which might have been held were not mentioned. There was no mention of a vegan society.
The advert right is from TVMHR February 1945, sent in January.
Watson said the options remained open for anyone who wanted to add to the English language.
Sunday April 8, 1945, was the day that the Non-Dairy Produce Group, or Non-Dairy Vegetarians, finally renamed themselves as the Vegan Society.
VEGANISM is the practice of living on fruits, nuts, vegetables, grains and other wholesome non-animal products.
VEGANISM excludes as human food: flesh, fish, fowl, eggs, honey; and animals' milk, butter and cheese.
VEGANISM aims at encouraging the manufacture and use of alternatives to animal products.
Watson wrote that a provisional committee of ten had been formed since the February issue, including both of the Hendersons and Elsie Shrigley from Croydon, and had met in London on April 8, which would have been at the Attic Club. They discussed "at length" their aims and agreed to extend the existing dietary aim to "commodities made from animal products".
There seems to have been some agreement that they were just a continuation of the same group with merely a name change. Technically it would be correct to write "the group that was later called the Vegan Society was formed in November 1944".
But that's too tedious, and Fay Henderson and Donald Watson both very soon wrote articles for VN (London), stating that the Vegan Society was formed in November 1944.
In later years Watson more often referred to the 'vegan movement' being founded that month.
The advert right is from VN Spring 1946, now with the new name and extended aims.
The May Meetings were a major nomadic annual conference. A very young Gandhi was a speaker at the 1891 MM in Portsmouth. They can be traced back to 1876 in Manchester, and they were still going in 1955, in Swansea that year. In 1946 they went to Croydon.
The editorial continued at some length, onto the next page, in a positive and supportive manner, as the "parent society". It praised Donald Watson as "instrumental in forming the Vegan Society", and for his work in Leicester; reprinted the full definition of veganism that was in the May 1945 Vegan News (as above); and looked forward to the Vegan Society being able to "show to the western world the advantages of not having to depend upon any section of the animal community for food".
The founding of the Vegan Society was a gradual, friendly and positive process of independence from the "parent" Vegetarian Society (Manchester).
A London Vegan Group was founded at the Attic Club in July 1945, and the Vegan Society held its AGM there in December. But the Hendersons were house hunting by late 1945 (TV Spring 1946 p.16), moving north on September 1, 1946, see below.
In the meantime Fay produced the first recipe book with the word vegan in the title, published in March 1946. No doubt she had tested all the recipes on Attic Club members.
The advert right is from VN (London), Summer 1946.
ATTIC CLUB, 144 High Holborn, W.C.1, (Hol. 1068). Food reform vegetarian meals only. Quick service, peaceful atmosphere, modern lighting, heating and decorating. Open daily from 10.00 a.m. to 8.00.p.m. Membership 5/- per annum [five shillings = £10/$13 today].
The ad was repeated in the Summer 1946 issue, but stopped when the Hendersons left, never reappearing. An advert for Rydal Lodge soon appeared in its place. The Vegan Society never met at the Attic Club again, moving to Friends House, Euston (probably through Fay's links with the Quakers, and the Penrith train). The Attic Club continued under new management.
The Vegan Society AGM on Sunday November 10, 1946, at Friends House, Euston, London (TV Spring 1947 pp.4-5) was reminded that Donald Watson had already said he could not continue running everything himself (He had married Dorothy two weeks earlier).
The Hendersons stepped in, with Fay as secretary and Allan as editor and treasurer. Watson was profusely thanked for his work and elected as the Society's first President (there had been a chairman, for the previous year). He also became the Society's first Life Member.
The Hendersons were now living in the Lake District, and opened Rydal Lodge, Ambleside, as the first vegan guest house, or "Vegan Guest Centre", with residential cookery courses. Fay was also working on a revised edition of her recipes book (photo from amazon.com which has/had one for $36). Rydal Lodge became the Vegan Society HQ for the next few years (it is still a hotel, though non-veg now). (photos right from TV Autumn 1949 pp.12-13).
Fay Henderson later handed over her role to Allan who was, for about 18 months, paid a small retainer as secretary, editor and treasurer. At the 1948 AGM Donald Watson (age 38) stepped down as President and appears to have had no further active involvement with the Society until his article in 1965, and then nothing until 1988.
By 1950 Fay had become a leading member of the Vegetarian Catering Association (VCA), which eventually became the Vegetarian Society Cookery School. She represented VCA at IVU congresses in Paris 1955, and England 1965 (ivu.org/history). The Winter 1950 issue of The Vegan never appeared, and the spring 1951 issue expressed regret, simply stating that Allan Henderson had retired. Fay contributed a couple of small items in 1951, but after that they had no further active involvement with the Vegan Society at all.
In his 2002 interview Donald Watson said he was offered a teaching post in Keswick, in the Lake District (now in Cumbria) in 1951, and the family moved there, not far from the Hendersons. They all appear to have been active in the Cumbrian Vegetarian Society, which joined IVU when it first accepted local groups in 1965. The Watsons' Keswick home is now a vegetarian B&B, run by the family (sandburne.co.uk).
Phone records show the Hendersons remained in Cumbria until 1970, but not at Rydal Lodge. They then moved to Allan's home city of Edinburgh, where Fay died in 1985, aged 88.
The few of us who were there at the start were all vegetarians of long standing. Some of us had been secretaries of societies affiliated to the then two national vegetarian societies, operating from London and Manchester, with Frank Wyatt and James Hough as their secretaries [paid staff]. The vegan movement owes much to these two men who bought and distributed our literature before we had a Society to do it ourselves. It was of course their duty to do this since the definition of vegetarianism contained the words "…. with or without the addition of eggs and milk and its products (butter and cheese)," but they cooperated with us with an enthusiasm that went beyond the call of duty, since not all their members approved.
The Vegetarian Society remains 'with or without' eggs/dairy, but now very positively approves of the 'without' version, and embraces the word 'vegan'. Many members, supporters, staff, and affiliated groups now identify themselves as vegan. The Society publishes a high proportion of vegan recipes (recipes.vegsoc.org); promotes vegan commodities (vegsocapproved.com); and vegan cookery courses (vegsoccookeryschool.org); all searchable with the word 'vegan', and all included in the magazine, but with no plans for a separate page.
1 (TVMHR) = The Vegetarian Messenger and Health Review, published monthly from 1847 (with occasional name changes) by the Vegetarian Society (Manchester).
Note: In 1969 the original Vegetarian Society (Manchester) and the London Vegetarian Society merged to form the Vegetarian Society of the United Kingdom (VSUK). The names used in the article are those that applied in the 1940s. Copies of all journals above have survived in the VSUK archives, but very little has ever been made available online due to the vast quantity of it.
7 (GRO) = UK General Register Office, births marriages and deaths (gro.gov.uk). (MA) = Manchester Archives at the Central Library.
He is the former Manager and Historian of the International Vegetarian Union, of which *all* the above were members (except GRO of course), and a Fellow and former Trustee (board of directors) of the Vegetarian Society UK.
With thanks to Susan Furmage at Parkdale for invaluable research assistance.
Texto de autoria de John Davis, publicado originalmente em Setembro de 2016.


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10 unmissable experiences when overlanding with Dragoman in East & Southern Africa
Teeming with wildlife, wonderful natural scenery and remarkable cultures, East & Southern Africa is the most popular part of Africa for overlanders. Our overland trips to Africa get you off the beaten track, and while you'll get to see all the highlights, you'll also take the time to travel slowly through the real country, lingering among beautiful scenery and spending time with the locals. There's no better way to see East & Southern Africa than by travelling overland.
Take a look at our list of life-changing experiences you shouldn't miss when you visit.
Track black and white rhino in Matobo National Park
There's no denying that East and Southern Africa is the best place in the world for a wildlife safari. These regions are home to some of the world's greatest National Parks and Game Reserves, including Maasai Mara, South Luangwa, Ngorongoro, Queen Elizabeth, and the iconic Serengeti National Park. Here you'll meet giraffes, elephants, cheetahs, zebra, hippos, wildebeest, lions, and countless other species.
Zimbabwe's Matobo National Park boasts some one of the most majestic landscapes in the world, littered with balancing rocks, one on top of another, known as kopjes – but it's perhaps most renowned for its large populations of white and black rhinoceros. These were introduced in two waves – the white brought here from Kwa-Zulu Natal in the 1960s, and the black from the Zambezi Valley in the 1990s. It's exhilarating to track the rhinos on foot and with the help of an experienced guide, following clues such as tracks and droppings, before finally catching sight of these wonderful animals in the wild.
Go gorilla trekking in Uganda and Rwanda
The Volcanoes National Park in Rwanda and the nearby Bwindi Impenetrable National Park in Uganda are the last remaining refuges of the mighty mountain gorilla. Although population numbers have increased over recent years, there are still only a little over 1,000 left in the world, so these wonderful animals are still Critically Endangered. Trekking out into these parks is the experience of a lifetime – the pungent aromas of wet mountain vegetation will fill your senses as local trackers guide you through the lush forest, until you finally come face to face with a group of gorillas. Observing a baby gorilla or a great Silverback in such close proximity can be a very moving experience.
On the night before our trek, we'll camp up in the mountains close to the gorilla habitat.
Trek up Mount Kilimanjaro
The tallest mountain in Africa and the so-called 'roof of Africa', Mount Kilimanjaro and its snow-capped peak dominate the skyline of Kilimanjaro National Park. Although it's a non-technical hike, the mountain's climate, elevation and altitude make reaching the top no mean feat – but with the right preparation, equipment and guidance, you'll be fine. On Dragoman's Kili Climb & Wildlife Discovery tour, we follow the Rongai route through stunning forest, lunar desert and volcanic scree, before summiting in time for the sunrise on the fifth day.
Explore the historic streets of Zanzibar's Stone Town
The atmospheric spice-scented streets of Zanzibar's Stone Town are a delight to wonder among on foot, exploring its bazaars, shops, mosques, palaces, courtyards, and its tangle of narrow streets. Designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2000, Stone Town has a rich cultural heritage and beautiful architecture combining elements of Arab, Persian, Indian and European influence.
Every evening at sunset, Stone Town's famous night market opens up at Forodhani Gardens, with food stalls aplenty serving up a range of seafood, barbecued meats, and the famous Zanzibar pizza. Why not visit with your group and try haggling for your supper?
Spend the night with Samburu villagers
The Samburu are a semi-nomadic people who live in the Rift Valley province of northern Kenya – a dry, relatively barren land, which means the Samburu have to relocate every 5 to 6 weeks for fresh grazing grounds for their livestock. The Samburu are closely related to the Maasai, but have stuck more keenly to their ancient traditions, which makes them a fascinating tribe to spend some time with.
We spend the night in the Samburu village while travelling through Kenya, watching traditional Samburu dancing and learning about Samburu tribal life and customs.
Go white water rafting on the Nile at Jinja
The town of Jinja in Uganda is the adventure capital of East Africa. Here you'll find fantastic opportunities for kayaking, mountain biking and horse-riding, as well as one of the world's most spectacular white-water rafting destinations: the source of the River Nile. There are activity options for all experience levels, but whichever you choose you can be sure of a hair-raising ride.
Marvel at the magnificent Victoria Falls
Often called the largest waterfall in the world, Victoria Falls is one of the most spectacular sights in Africa, comprising a curtain of water around a mile wide and over 100 metres high. The locals call the falls 'Mosi oa Tunya', or 'the smoke that thunders' – and aptly so, since they can be heard from a distance of 40km, and the spray they create rises to a height of more than 400m and can be seen from a distance of 50km.
We have a number of optional activities available at Victoria Falls, including sunset cruises on the Zambezi, white-water rafting, horse-riding, bungee-jumping from the bridge over the Second Gorge, and an incredible helicopter flight allowing you to see the waterfalls from above.
Enjoy breathtaking views over the colossal Fish River Canyon
Another of Africa's great natural wonders is Namibia's Fish River Canyon, believed to be the world's second largest canyon after a certain well-known landmark in the US. But at more than 150kms long, up to 27km in width, and up to 550m deep, it doesn't matter where it ranks – all that matters is the unforgettable sense of awe this colossal canyon inspires.
Needless to say, there are remarkable photo opportunities here, and on our overland trips we watch the sun set over the canyon before camping for the night.
Canoe on the Okavango Delta
Drifting in a mokoro along the labyrinthine waterways that make up Botswana's Okavango Delta is one of the most serene experiences on offer in Africa. Like an African gondola, the mokoro is punted peacefully through the Delta by an expert local driver with a long pole, the silence only shattered by the occasional deep grunting of hippos and other animal sounds.
When we visit the Okavango Delta, we'll camp on an island in the middle of a wilderness area on the first night, followed by a second night spent on a houseboat in the heart of the Delta.
Watch the sunrise from atop Dune 45
The Namib Desert is most famous for its vast dune fields, the most spectacular of which are found at Sossusvlei in the Namib-Naukluft National Park. These sand dunes reach heights of as much as 325m, and, as one of the world's oldest and driest ecosystems, are home to a plethora of wildlife such as the ever-graceful oryx. In order to fully appreciate the glory of the area, you'll need to climb its most famous dune, Dune 45, in time for sunrise.
Contact our experienced sales team today at info@dragoman.co.uk or +44 (0)1728 861 133 to plan your overland adventure to East & Southern Africa.
Zimbabwe & Mozambique ExploredVictoria Falls - Victoria Falls
Through Zimbabwe, Swaziland + 2 more
$2,180 USD+
KITTY FROM:
1,350USD
PHYSICAL CHALLENGE:
EASYHARD
LIFESTYLE CHALLENGE:
YVV
Gorillas, Chimps & Maasai MaraNairobi - Nairobi
Through Uganda, Kenya
YNN
Kili Climb & Wildlife DiscoveryNairobi - Nairobi
Through Tanzania, Kenya
YNK
Rift Valley, Culture & WildlifeArba Minch - Nairobi
Through Kenya, Ethiopia
This route runs in both directions
$935 USD+
360USD
Maasai Mara & the White NileNairobi - Kampala
YNM
Zanzibar, Zambezi & the FallsVictoria Falls - Zanzibar
Through Zimbabwe, Zambia + 2 more
Namibia & Botswana WandererVictoria Falls - Cape Town
Through Zimbabwe, South Africa + 2 more
Serengeti & Zanzibar WandererZanzibar - Nairobi
YND
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


... This is a supplementary data file belonging to "Van Daele, M., Comment on "Holocene mass movements in west and mid-Norwegian fjords and lakes" by B. Bellwald, BO Hjelstuen, HP Sejrup, T. Stokowy and J. Kuvås [Marine Geology 407 (2019) 192–212]"
... This file contains the event dates, news sources, firm names and the legal scores that were used in the paper "Stock Price Reactions to News about Corporate Tax Avoidance and Evasion".


With a background in neuroscience and urban planning, Lauren uses data and design to connect people to their built environment. Connecting people in this way depends on a transportation system that is engaging, convenient, multi-modal, and safe. In her role as a Transportation Planner with the City of Houston Planning and Development Department, she manages several projects aimed at designing safe and engaging streets for people of all ages and abilities who drive, walk, bike, roll, stroll, and scoot. Much of the design is guided by community feedback, which is obtained through a series of engagement meetings and events and involves coordination with multiple agencies and stakeholders. Finding ways to prioritize the voice of communities is challenging and the key to managing projects successfully. Lauren attended the University of Michigan (2010, 2017) where she obtained her B.S. in Brian, Behavior and Cognitive Science and Masters in Urban and Regional Planning.
Learn about the community engagement process for implementing bikeways. Learn about short and long-term projects for increasing and improving bike infrastructure in Houston. Learn about internal and external collaboration to design safe streets for people of all ages and abilities.


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Цілліс-Райшен () — громада  в Швейцарії в кантоні Граубюнден, регіон Віамала.

Географія
Громада розташована на відстані близько 160 км на схід від Берна, 26 км на південь від Кура.
Цілліс-Райшен має площу 24,5 км², з яких на 2% дозволяється будівництво (житлове та будівництво доріг), 32,8% використовуються в сільськогосподарських цілях, 44,9% зайнято лісами, 20,3% не є продуктивними (річки, льодовики або гори).

Демографія
2019 року в громаді мешкало 396 осіб (-11,6% порівняно з 2010 роком), іноземців було 16,9%. Густота населення становила 16 осіб/км².
За віковим діапазоном населення розподілялося таким чином: 17,9% — особи молодші 20 років, 61,6% — особи у віці 20—64 років, 20,5% — особи у віці 65 років та старші. Було 178 помешкань (у середньому 2,2 особи в помешканні).
Із загальної кількості 185 працюючих 29 було зайнятих в первинному секторі, 96 — в обробній промисловості, 60 — в галузі послуг.

Примітки

Громади Граубюндену

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


If you are a practitioner of business networking, you know that you can only connect with so many people at each event. But, what if you had the opportunity to connect with 20 new potential clients every day? How about 50 or even 100? With the proliferation of online portals such as Ryze, Ecademy and Linked In, you now have the ability to link with more potential clients than you ever dreamed!
In their e-book, "The Five Keys to Building Relationships Online", David Teten, Donna Fisher and Scott Allen explore the massive business building potential of online communities and networks.
All three authors are prominent and sought after speakers who have achieved notable success in the online environment. David Teten is a CEO for an independent research firm called Nitron Advisors and regularly speaks before audiences at Yale, Wharton and Columbia Business School. Donna Fisher is a certified speaking professional and the author of the highly popular "Networking For Dummies". Scott Allen is regarded as the leading expert on building quality relationships online and is the entrepreneur's guide on about.com, a website featuring numerous interest based forums.
To fully benefit from the "Five Keys", you must have at least a nominal understanding of internet technology. There is little to no technical advice regarding how to create and maintain a website, configure the appearance of a blog or any of the other activities suggested for creating a strong online presence. However, if you have even the slightest bit of tech savvy and a basic understanding of building business relationships, you can use this publication to create a self perpetuating business machine.
The "Five Keys to Building Relationships Online" focuses on the applying the principles of face-to-face networking to the online environment. The authors detail the benefits of participating in the many online formats available to you such as communities of purpose (centered around a specific agenda or goal), communities of practice (centered around shared professional interests) and online platforms such as Ryze and Ecademy, where you can create your own community based on any interest you wish. What I valued most about this book, was the step-by-step explanation about how to transmute offline-networking skills to create and leverage my online network to yield concrete results.
The authors take a very hands on approach to translating the "Five Keys" (strength, credibility, diversity, relevance and number) into a practical plan of action. This publication shows you not only how to increase the quality and number of your connections, but also shows you how to develop an online presence that will bring connections to you.
Because online networking has come to prominence as a business building activity fairly recently, there is not a whole lot of material available on this topic. In this sense, the "Five Keys" is a trailblazer and the authors pioneers in a new and exciting arena. The only thing that I thought this e-book could use, since the publication is already so rich in practical examples, was some actual case comparisons and pointers about how to build a compelling online profile.
As a small business owner with limited time and budget, I have found online networking to be a significant asset to my company. "The Five Keys to Building Relationships Online" has helped me to create a powerful business model that is beginning to yield tangible results.
If you are willing to invest the time and effort into the relationship building process and are looking for a way to tap into the enormous potential of online networking, the "Five Keys to Building Relationships Online" won't disappoint you. I give it an unequivocal 9 out of 10.
Andrea is an avid networker, a successful small business owner and the founder of Eleganza Meetings, Events & Conferences Inc. She is also the author of All About Small Business,a website for small business owners.


What an honour to showcase the first look at the epic new collection from global kids label NUNUNU.
Taking inspiration from all things optical, ALL EYES ON ME features three thematic graphics that sit alongside the label's signature stars and skulls.
Complementing the anatomical eye motif are oversized numbers and the optometrical "Vision Test" print that reads "The Greatest Enemy of Knowledge is not Ignorance, it is the Illusion of Knowledge".
The label's signature minimalist, deconstructed aesthetic is taken to a new level with bold new prints and graphics, inventive silhouettes and cutting edge finishes.
A soft Powder Pink and Dirty Blue have been added to the core palette of black, white and grey, with the indigo tone dyed in house- creating one-of-a-kind pieces.
The attention to detail is phenomenal, with fabrics including a delicate cotton, dense French Terry, lightweight nylon, hand-made knit and leather.
The NewBorn category continues to grow and now include the coolest sleep sacks!
ALL EYES ON ME launches globally in stores and online on August 17. Check it out HERE.


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China Southern Airlines sees profits soar
Profits at China Southern Airlines have soared an estimated 15-fold in 2010 as demand for both passenger travel and cargo transportation continues to increase.
While the carrier – the largest in China by fleet size – did not release exact figures in its preliminary results, forecasts illustrate a sharp increase on the net profit of 358 million yuan (US$54 million) recorded in 2009.
"The demand for both passenger and cargo transportation services increased substantially," the airline said in a statement filed with the Shanghai Stock Exchange.
The airline confirmed it also expected to benefit from an appreciation in the yuan against the dollar during 2010.
The figures are in line with predictions from the International Air Transport Association (IATA), which last year said: "Asia - outside of Japan - is barrelling forward with high-speed growth."
Asia remains the most profitable region of the world for airlines, added IATA, based on strong GDP growth (outside of Japan) of 6.6 per cent, led by China.
Following the release, Shanghai-listed shares in China Southern closed up 3.1 per cent at 9.47 yuan.
This was ahead of the market benchmark of Shanghai Composite Index, which was up 0.62 per cent.
The company is due to release its annual report on March 28th.
Passenger numbers in China are expected to reach 300 million this year, up from 267 million last year.
The volume of cargo transported this year is estimated to reach 6.2 million tonnes, up from 5.6 million tonnes in 2009, added state media earlier this week.
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Autonomous vehicles (AVs) a threat to jobs, US study shows
AutomationAI
By Jonathan Dyble . Aug 22, 2017, 10:21AM
A recent government study published by the US Economics and Statistics Administration has revealed that as many as one in nine Americans could be affected in some form by the emergence of Autonomous vehicles (AVs).
The report has revealed that millions of vehicle operators and drivers will be the most drastically affected, whilst others who drive as only part of their jobs will still be impacted, albeit to a lesser extent.
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A 2015 employment survey found that 3,796,110 Americans were employed as drivers of heavy tractor trailers such as lorrys or HGVs, with 1,678,280 employed as light truck or delivery drivers.
In this sense, whilst the emergence of AVs will pose an attractive option for innovative businesses, the AI driven software could well prove a threat to the employment of many Americans.
"Our findings suggest that workers in some driving occupations might have difficulty finding alternative employment," the report read, with many drivers not having enough transferable skills to guarantee them a job in alternative roles or industries.
"Workers in motor vehicle jobs are older, less educated, and for the most part have fewer transferrable skills than other workers," it continued.
The study has been released at time when the likes of Tesla's Elon Musk and Facebook's Mark Zuckerberg have called for the idea of a country-wide universal basic income in the US, with the realisation that the growing emergence of robotics, AI and automation will continually displace American jobs in the future.
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Russian internet giant Yandex has brought its autonomous vehicle technology to the public streets of Las Vegas.
For the duration of the Consumer Electronics Show (CES) 2020, Yandex said it would provide demonstration rides without anybody in the driver's seat. The company also plans such demonstrations later in the year in Detroit to coincide with
Russian internet giant Yandex has brought its autonomous vehicle… Read more
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It's strange that there should be such a buzz around autonomous cars and autonomous planes, and yet relatively little said of autonomous shipping. Considering the media along which the vehicles travel – land, air and sea, respectively – one would think that a flat, liquid expanse largely devoid of obstacles would be the easiest of the three to navigate autonomously
It's strange that there should be such a buzz around autonomous cars… Read more
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Mercedes-Benz and Bosch launch robotaxi pilot project
Today, a joint venture between German automaker Mercedes-Benz and electronics and appliance manufacturer Bosch began trials of a new automated ride-hailing service.
The two companies have been working together on autonomous transportation projects for the past two and a
Today, a joint venture between German automaker Mercedes-Benz and… Read more


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Home/Uncategorized/UN condemns Israeli strike on shelter, toll reaches 1,766 in Gaza
UN condemns Israeli strike on shelter, toll reaches 1,766 in Gaza
Admin August 5, 2014 Uncategorized 4 Views
Gaza,4th august-2014,IANS: UN Secretary General Ban Ki-moon Sunday condemned the Israeli shelling on a UN shelter in Gaza, housing nearly 3,000 refugees, as Palestinian President Mahmoud Abbas urged world powers to pressure Israel into agreeing to a ceasefire to end the 27-day-long conflict that has claimed lives of 1,766 Palestinians.
The secretary general strongly condemns the killing of at least 10 Palestinian civilians in shelling outside of an UNRWA school in Rafah providing shelter to thousands of civilians, Xinhua quoted a spokesperson of Ban as saying in a statement.
At least 10 people were killed Sunday morning when an Israeli shell hit a UN-run school-shelter in southern Gaza city of Rafah.
The attack is yet another gross violation of international humanitarian law, which clearly requires protection by both parties of Palestinian civilians, UN staff and UN premises, among other civilian facilities, the statement added.
The Israeli offensive which started July 8 on the Gaza Strip has killed 1,766 people and left 9,500 injured, the Gaza health ministry said Sunday.
Ashraf al-Qedra, the spokesperson of the health ministry in Gaza, said that 54 Palestinians were killed Sunday due to air strikes and shelling by tanks on various areas in the Gaza Strip.
Al-Qedra said that what happened in the UN school in Rafah was a real massacre, adding that nine more Palestinians, all belonging to one family, were killed in an air strike on their house in Rafah.
He added that four others were killed in another air strike on a house in Rafah, and three more people were killed in an air strike on a house in northern Gaza Strip.
Paramedics said that six Palestinians were killed in an air strike on a house in central Gaza Strip.
Sunday's shelling was not the first time that Israeli forces targeted a UN facility for sheltering.
On Wednesday, 15 people were killed when Israeli artillery fire hit a school used as a shelter in the northern city of Jabaliya.
The Gaza-based al-Mizan rights group said in an emailed statement that more than 10,000 houses were damaged by the intensive Israeli air strikes on the Gaza Strip.
Meanwhile, Abbas urged the UN, the US, the European Union, Russia and China to exert pressure on Israel and end its war on the Gaza Strip that killed over a thousand Palestinians.
By rejecting the ceasefire, Israel will be fully responsible for the serious consequences of continuing its war on the Gaza Strip, Abbas said.
Egypt had invited Israeli and Palestinian sides for talks in Cairo on the proposed plan.
A Hamas delegation arrived in Egyptian capital Cairo Sunday for talks with Egyptian mediators on a possible ceasefire in Gaza.
Since Saturday midnight, the Israeli Air Force struck 15 targets in Gaza after a relative decrease in the number of rockets launched from the strip toward communities in Israel.
One soldier was injured Sunday in a clash with militants.
Israel has confirmed that 61 soldiers have died in combat, while Palestinian attacks also killed three civilians in Israel.
Also over the weekend, the Israeli security cabinet decided that Israel will not strive to reach a ceasefire with Hamas and decided not to send an Israeli delegation to official talks in Cairo.
Israel also withdrew majority of its ground forces from the Gaza Strip throughout Saturday and Sunday.
Almost half a million Palestinians have been displaced since the start of Israeli military operation July 8, among whom 240,000 are currently residing in the UN-run school shelters.
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Report: White House Counsel Knew of Porter Abuse Claims for Full Year
Updated Feb. 09, 2018 6:31AM ET / Published Feb. 08, 2018 11:08PM ET
Jonathan Ernst/Reuters
White House counsel Don McGahn was aware of domestic-violence allegations against staff secretary Rob Porter for a full year before the claims were made public this week, The Washington Post reports, citing two sources familiar with the matter. McGahn allowed Porter to continue serving as an aide to President Trump despite the allegations, while Chief of Staff John Kelly actually gave Porter more responsibilities this past fall after learning of the abuse claims, according to the report. Both of them were informed of the allegations by the FBI, which repeatedly warned the White House the domestic-violence accusations were preventing Porter from getting a full security clearance. McGahn also reportedly received a phone call from one of Porter's ex-wives, but took no action. Porter, who resigned Wednesday, has denied the claims made by two of his ex-wives, who say he subjected them to verbal and physical abuse for years. The White House has come under fire for initially coming to Porter's defense, with Kelly and Press Secretary Sarah Huckabee Sanders among those to praise his character and job performance.
Read it at The Washington Post


I first met Dr. Remigius Onyejekwe Oriaku in the last days of December 1991. I met him at the famous Faculty of Arts quadrangle of the University of Ibadan (UI). That day, the usual hustle and bustle of Yuletide was palpable. The haze which came with the dust of December hung over the entire University landscape that was screened off by the imposing faculty building.
The setting sun was gentle, so was the mild almost unfelt chill. This left a soothing and pleasant feeling on all. There was in the air a lot of optimism. Some were looking forward to Christmas and New Year celebrations. Others, especially my small group of friends and acquaintances were optimistic about gaining admission into the University that was billed to reopen in early 1992. It was the anticipation of our becoming undergraduates at UI that led us there. That was twenty-one years ago!
I ended up not attending UI. Providence led my questing feet to the University of Benin, (UNIBEN) Benin-City, which turned out to be Oriaku's alma mater. Some of the eggheads who taught Oriaku in UNIBEN's Department of English and Literature in the late 1970s were also my teachers in the 1990s.
It was through them that I got my first concrete impression of Remy Oriaku as my UNIBEN mentors call him. Professor Romanu Egudu in particular was untiring in his praise of Oriaku's intellectual ability, strength of character and meticulousness. He praised Oriaku's handwriting to the extent that I saw in my mind's eye how immaculate it must have been. He described him as one of the best essayists to have passed through his tutelage!
When I started thinking of pursuing postgraduate studies I thought of going to UI and my UNIBEN teachers whom I told talked about Remy Oriaku. He easily became a beacon for me. It was therefore not fortuitous that when I visited UI to attend the ceremonies marking Professor Niyi Osundare's 50th birthday in March 1997, Professor Austin Ofuani who was then the Head of English in UNIBEN, and who was also attending the event literally handed me over to Dr. Oriaku.
When I resumed for postgraduate studies at UI in May 1998, the phenomenon of brain drain had taken a severe toll on the university. The marauding dictatorial regime of Sani Abacha had subjugated the once idyllic ivory tower. The entire nation had been ravaged. Gloom enveloped Nigeria and tension was in the air. It was in that aura of dread and despair that I began postgraduate studies at UI.
It was in the foregoing ambience that we began postgraduate studies at UI. Dr. Lekan Oyeleye (now professor) was the Head of Department, but Dr. Oriaku directed matters that pertained to literature. In spite of the paucity of academic staff Dr. Oriaku and his other colleagues threw themselves into the task of teaching us with a missionary zeal.
They did their best to ensure that we had the best of postgraduate scholarship available in that circumstance. There were times we had lectures till dusk, because they had to also teach the undergraduate students in addition to my class as well as doctoral students to attend to.
Our first lecture was with Dr. Oriaku and it turned out to be a timely agenda setting encounter. In the course of that lecture he assumed the role of the concerned teacher, an earnest counselor, an elder brother all put together. He told us what to do and what to avoid if we were to have a successful outing at the end of the session.
As the semester and session progressed he gave us books to read and allowed us unfettered access to his house. His wife, Chika, who now holds a doctorate, was always untiring in playing the genial host. The number of plates of rice, eba plus egusi soup with stock-fish many of us ate in their then Amina Way residence is unquantifiable!
Dr. Oriaku's contributions to literary scholarship at Ibadan and beyond cannot be quantified. He has since 1983 when he joined the English department remained a most committed teacher of teachers. He has mentored many generations of students across the three degrees, BA, MA and PhD, awarded by the department where he is now the longest serving academic staff.
Many of his students are now well established scholars in numerous tertiary institutions across the world teaching others what he taught them. Apart from being a dedicated teacher, Oriaku is also forthright and highly disciplined. I am convinced that he left something life changing with every student that read English at Ibadan.
. Many other instances of Oriaku's redemptive gesture abound.
Dr. Awhefeada teaches literature at the Delta State University, Abraka.


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Prolonged space missions may affect size, density of spinal muscles
New York, Jan 10 (IANS) Astronauts who spend six months or more on the International Space Station (ISS) are likely to have significant reductions in the size and density of spinal muscles after returning to Earth, reports a study.
In the study, researchers from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) analysed computed tomography (CT) scans of the lumbar (lower) spine in 17 astronauts and cosmonauts who flew missions on the ISS.
Scans obtained before and after the missions were analysed to determine changes in the size and composition of the paraspinal muscles — located posterior to (behind) the spinal column. The average time in space was six months.
Running up and down the spine, the paraspinal muscles play a key role in spinal movement and posture.
The findings showed that spending an average of six months in space led to a decrease in their trunk muscles area, increased fatty tissue, which may also contribute to the back pain commonly reported in astronauts.
These changes in muscle composition, particularly increased fatty infiltration, continued to be present up to four years after returning to Earth.
"As NASA plans for future missions to Mars and beyond, these results can be used to guide future countermeasures to mitigate declines in trunk muscle morphology and associated functional deficits," said Katelyn Burkhart from MIT.
Previous studies have found reduced paraspinal muscle mass after a prolonged time in space, suggesting that muscle decline may occur without the resistance provided by gravity.
The new CT scans, published in the journal Spine, showed that for individual paraspinal muscles, the muscle size decreased by 4.6 to 8.8 per cent. In follow-up scans performed one year later, size returned at least to normal for all muscles.
As a result of increases in the amount of fatty tissue present in the paraspinal muscles, the astronauts' muscle density, which is inversely related to fat content decreased by 5.9 to 8.8 per cent.
While most muscles' composition returned to normal by one year, for quadratus lumborum and psoas muscles the fat content remained above pre-flight values even two to four years after the astronaut returned from space.
rt/mag/bg
Tags: affect density missions muscles prolonged SPACE spinal