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SEETHER, LTNT, Sons Of Texas @Insitute, Birmingham 18/10/2017
Having a trim, men with beards and dresses – and Kermit the frog. Seether bring the curtain down on their tour
Look at the picture above. Be honest, you probably never expected a Seether gig to end with a man in a Kermit The Frog costume, chasing a man in a rabbit outfit around the stage, while Shaun Morgan – the lead singer and guitarist in a band not renowned for their sense of humour – wanders about the crowd, drummer John Humphrey smashes his kit and assorted support band members sing bits of Twisted Sister's "We're Not Gonna Take It." Nonetheless it happened.
We'll get to that, but rewind three and a half hours and Sons Of Texas are already excited. "We're in Black Sabbath country" yells singer Mark Morales. They are, it's true, but the band who's debut album was called "Baptised In The Rio Grande" knows exactly where they are from. As diverse as the new album "Forged By Fortitude" is, southern fried slabs of very heavy metal are what they deal in here. This is a passionate, visceral display from a band that has a lot to give. Whether it's early work like the huge "Blameshift" or "Feed The Need" from the just released collection, the aim is the same. SoT are here to crush, play loud and make a couple of thousand new fans. Job done on all counts. This being the last night of the tour and all, there's a cover. That it's Pantera is no surprise, that they do such justice to "I'm Broken" is. They end with "Texas Trim" – no one believes that Morales is talking about his lawn – and lead man Jes De Hoyos finishes in the front row. There's that sort of vibe about them. Sons Of Texas are built for this kind of sweaty night. They'll have many, many more in years to come.
If Sons Of Texas are demob happy, then London trio LTNT are somewhere towards stir crazy. Three bearded blokes in dresses – and who are soon violated by someone in a bunny suit – is too much for one idiot who decides to yell homophobic abuse at them. MV could give a shit about the attire, believe us we've been out with worse…..we digress … (although we HAVE been out with worse….). For half an hour the grunge revival is in absolute full swing. Grunge, that is, if it came from rainy South East England rather than drizzly North West USA. There's a touch of Feeder at their best, even a hint of The Vines maybe but LTNT are very much their own men. Singer/guitarist Liam throws his guitar across the stage at the end of "Body Blood" as if he wants to punish it for something. It exemplifies the thought that they walking the tightrope of genuinely scary and genuinely intriguing. Like The Wildhearts in the mid-90s it could all go wrong, but really doesn't. LTNT are most certainly compelling.
In a documentary about heavy metal a few years back, Rob Zombie said it was the biggest genre the public hadn't heard of. In microcosm that's Seether too.
The South African quartet (Chris Lowrey is touring with them to beef up the live sound) have packed this place – literally – to the rafters. To have done it on their own terms and pretty much under the radar is incredible. Not for nothing is their opening song "Stoke The Fire" a condemnation of celebrity culture.
That one is from the fine new "Poison The Parish" album, but only three of the set tonight are. Seether have very quietly and without any fuss, built themselves a fine back catalogue from which to pick – and Birmingham knows every word. "My Disaster" kicks in with a groove of the earth-shaking variety and a moshpit breaks out. This is a band of the people and the people are just fine with that.
That's why "Nobody Praying For Me" turns into a singalong, why "Country Song" is greeted with a roar, and "Fine Again" really is.
"Broken" is stripped down and changes the pace somewhat, but "Betray And Degrade", another of the new ones, is much more in keeping with the vibe.
"Fake It" is interesting, because you can't imagine a band that is less fake than Seether. Since 1999 Shaun Morgan has piloted this band through everything, including his own issues and demons, reactions this is his reward. Another of the "…Parish" songs, "Let You Down" gives way to "Remedy". And Kermit. Which is sort of where we came in.
"It's been great, Birmingham. Makes up for how bad Glasgow was last night!" Morgan smiles as the chaos dies, before adding: "We've been One Direction, goodnight." It's these long tours you see, they do funny things to people…..
REVIEW: LA GUNS – THE MISSING PEACE (2017)
FEATURED BAND: HYPHOPHORA


Handmade storage. Minimal, handcrafted storage for your linens, throws, toys, or laundry. Crafted of typha stalks and woven by artisans, our tall white basket adds pretty texture to your living room, bedroom or bathroom. Perfect for storing extra blankets, bath linens or your favorite plant!


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<?php

namespace VVM\CyclovoyageurBundle\Form;

use Symfony\Component\Form\AbstractType;
use Symfony\Component\Form\FormBuilderInterface;
use Symfony\Component\OptionsResolver\OptionsResolverInterface;

class ArretType extends AbstractType
{
    /**
     * @param FormBuilderInterface $builder
     * @param array $options
     */
    public function buildForm(FormBuilderInterface $builder, array $options)
    {
        $builder
            ->add('name')
            ->add('latitude')
            ->add('longitude')
            ->add('date')
            ->add('description')
            ->add('type')
            ->add('photo')
        ;
    }

    /**
     * @param OptionsResolverInterface $resolver
     */
    public function setDefaultOptions(OptionsResolverInterface $resolver)
    {
        $resolver->setDefaults(array(
            'data_class' => 'VVM\CyclovoyageurBundle\Entity\Arret'
        ));
    }

    /**
     * @return string
     */
    public function getName()
    {
        return 'vvm_cyclovoyageurbundle_arret';
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


PriceInspector has solved the cases on the newest choices across the UK for hd 4670 in Laptops and Computers including these related brands: APPLE, ACER.
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Kiera Glendenning
Remembering the Women of Lock Asylum
0 comments | 2 shares
Estimated reading time: 12 minutes
Kiera Glendenning reflects on her experience researching the records of the Lock Asylum – an 18th century charity for the rehabilitation of 'fallen' women. She discusses the themes that emerged from her research as an undergraduate researcher and then as a research intern, her attempts to understand the women she encountered, and how they have changed the way she thinks about history.
Jane Floyd entered the Lock Asylum on Thursday 25th October 1787, after ten years working as a prostitute in London. The one-page biography recording her admittance shows she was 20 years old at the time. She began her career at age 10. Prostitution was only the start of her troubles. The case report goes on to describe how she had "been four times salivated [received mercury treatment] for the venereal disease [syphilis]." Whilst mercury was intended to stimulate the flow of phlegm and carry away the venereal poison, for many it worsened their sickness or even killed them.
Jane's story of underage prostitution and recurrent syphilis is typical of the women I encountered in the Asylum records. These stories reveal the precarity of life for working- and middle-class women in 18th century London, where the only alternative jobs available to them were hard to come by, poorly paid, and often held their own dangers. The project has also brought me closer – emotionally – to the women I studied than I thought possible even as it raised more questions than it answered about their experiences inside and outside its doors.
The Asylum was established in 1787 as a charitable institution, focusing on the 'rehabilitation' of 'fallen women' and not their medical treatment. Jane Floyd was one of hundreds of women whose lives were documented at admission in the handwritten register during the 1780s and 90s. Women were only accepted into the Asylum with a letter of recommendation, and with a demeanour the board, made up of evangelical reformers, considered repenting enough for salvation.
The women were almost exclusively syphilitic sex workers who were forced to enter the Asylum after their profession had left them with a venereal disease they could no longer hide from their customers. The admission register offers a unique opportunity to study their lives directly rather than through the recollections of the men who used them. However, often only running to a couple of sentences, the biographies can only reveal glimpses of each woman's story.
Reading though the accounts, I was struck by the levels of abuse and misfortune these women suffered. References to child abuse abound, as well as the death of parents and husbands. In the later 18th century, there were few employment opportunities for independent women. Male protection, from a father or husband, was a necessity for many women's economic wellbeing. Losing this, through abandonment, death, or unbearable abuse, forced many women to turn to prostitution or face starvation.
Whilst the admittance records of the Asylum were invaluable sources, my attempts to understand the experience of the women also went beyond the documentary record. I attended a theatre workshop with Cara Jennings and Sophie Trott, where we improvised scenes, using the register cases as prompts. We sat together, taking on the role of women from the register, sewing pockets like they did in the Asylum, and engaging in improvised conversation. We were forced to weave an imagined narrative through the vast gaps in the source material. We could not help considering their experiences, how modern women would react, and how we would have coped in such situations. I was amazed by how forcefully I connected with the individuals I was researching.
As well as bringing personal connection, studying the Lock Asylum has also changed the way I think about history. Whilst our history is expansive, it is also made up of billions of individuals, who all faced their own challenges and successes. The great men of history, be it Nelson or Napoleon, have many acolytes willing and able to tell their story, but it is far harder to hear from the women who, whilst individually made no great mark on history, have given the world its current shape and colour.
Jane Floyd was one of them, flashing in and out of my historical vision. Her story has left me with a particularly long list of unanswerable questions. I wonder at the state of her family home. We know her mother was dead, but what of her father? A lamp lighter and milk carrier by trade, William Floyd was a working-class Londoner. He was also religious, having had Jane baptised, despite the personal costs, in the parish of St Giles in the Fields in May 1767. The religious vigour of her father contrasts sharply with Jane's move into sex work at 10. Perhaps her father died; perhaps he was cruel. Her case reveals only that, "she left him about ten years agoe & went upon the Town."
We know little else about Jane's life. Her record states she ran away to parts unknown a few days before Christmas 1787, having stayed in the Asylum for less than two months. As with so many who passed through its doors, my encounter with Jane Floyd was fleeting yet powerful, enlightening, and enigmatic. And for me, at least, it was a privilege.
Kiera Glendenning is a recent graduate from LSE's Economic History Department. The work Kiera undertook inspired her final dissertation, '"What a fall hers had been!" The Fall and Rise of Victorian London's Prostitutes, Examining Motivation and Future Prospects, 1850-1870."'
Posted In: Gender | Lock Asylum | Student Research
The real women of the Lock Asylum November 3rd, 2021
The real women of the Lock Asylum
© LSE 2023

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Beautifully engraved Certificate from the National Oil Products Company issued in the 1950's. This historic document was printed by the Mamilton Banknote Company and has an ornate border around it with a vignette of two men on both sides of the company logo. This item has the printede signature of the company's president and is over 57 years old. We have not seen many of these certificates around.
NOPCO Chemical merged into the Diamond Aikali Company who shortly thereafter merged with The Shamrock Oil Company to form the Diamond Shamrock Corporation in 1967. The company changed its name to Maxus Energy Corporation in 1987.


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Best results ever in WorldSkills UK
This year, we've celebrated our best results ever in the WorldSkills UK finals. Not only did we climb into the top three in the UK for both mainstream and foundation competitions, but we're also now the best performing college in Wales, with 11 skills champions who scooped gold, silver, bronze and highly commended medals. Go team Coleg Gwent!
We're an AOC Beacon Award finalist
We're proud to announce that Coleg Gwent is a finalist in the prestigious AoC Beacon Awards 2022. The awards celebrate the best and most innovative practice among UK further education colleges, and our Cyber College Cymru initiative was nominated for the Edge Award for Excellence in Real World Learning.
Join us in the fight against climate change
Climate change is one of the most significant global challenges of our time. We can all play a part in helping to reduce our impact on the planet. So, we're making sustainability a priority at Coleg Gwent. Our sustainability task force has a lot planned to improve our college and reduce our environmental impact, and we'll be focusing on travel, introducing recycling points, and building a more knowledgeable work force.
Wellbeing dogs support our learners through the Baxter Project
An innovative student support project has seen a new employee joining us this term - Pippa the Cavachon. As part of the Baxter Project, this curly haired, waggy tailed employee works alongside her human partner Julie, helping students to relax and open up about their struggles.
Make It into your dream career: Charlie's story
Whatever your dream job may be, you can make it happen at Coleg Gwent! Find out how Coleg Gwent helped Charlie make it into is ideal career.
A Royal visit for a special DofE event
We've had a very special visit from HRH The Earl of Wessex, today, as he joined students from across Southeast Wales for a special Duke of Edinburgh's Award challenge day in Torfaen Learning Zone.


Philanthropy is without a doubt one of the most important and aspirational aspects of any business. Without something to stand for, without a true mission, it all seems a bit trivial.
When Speck was given the chance to partner with BayKids Studios for our Spring Backpack and GrabTab Giveaway, we knew this was a perfect match to bring into our growing support system of Speck Supports.
BayKids Studios is an incredible nonprofit in San Francisco that's on a mission is to empower children and their families facing serious health challenges with art therapy. They partner with hospitals like UCSF Benioff, Shriners, and UC Davis Children's Hospital, as well as medical residential facilities like Ronald McDonald House to provide art therapy to children in the form of creating short films.
Bay Kids has now produced over 200 films and partnered with wonderful companies including LucasFilm, Dolby, Apple, Pixar, and now Speck to help them succeed in that mission. We chose to partner with BayKids because our visions perfectly align, we're both trying to accomplish the same goal. To positively affect the lives of children and make an impact on the world around us for future generations.
Children with serious medical conditions face overwhelming challenges. From scary and painful medical treatments, to isolation from friends and family, to the emotional toll of an uncertain future.
Filmmaking opens up a way to leave behind their issues and just be kids again.
BayKids enables these children to transform into directors, writers, animators, and actors. Instead of patients with little control over their situation, they become confident filmmakers who can create anything their imaginations dream up.
BayKids recently held its annual fundraiser, Women in Motion, a two-day event aimed to raise awareness and funds to help the mission of BayKids continue on year after year. The sheer amount of creativity and love that went into every aspect of this fun-filled event was astounding. It surely brought tears to many eyes in the audience and raised a total of $130,000 which will be used to create dozens of films over the next 12 months.
These children, and their families are living proof that passion and creativity are essential parts of the human experience. They're going through trials and tribulations that most of us can't fathom, and their tenacity to create their own story allows them to forget and just live.
What Kind Of Programs Does BayKids Studios Offer?
BayKids offers a myriad of art therapy programs and opportunities for seriously ill children to take part in. They're currently partners with hospitals like UCSF Benioff, Shriners, and UC Davis Children's Hospital, and their partnerships throughout the Bay Area continue to grow.
BayKids' clinically trained professional filmmakers bring cutting-edge digital filmmaking equipment into the hospital to help kids make movies. Here, they'll develop story ideas, write scripts, create props and sets, learn animation, act, and direct films.
They honor and nurture every child's unique vision and enable them to play, be creative, and become a movie producer. Some kids are curious to explore their illness, others want to escape and create a fictional story, while some desire to create in order to help other kids going through illnesses. They truly cater to any child in any situation looking to bring their vision to life.
BayKids Studios' Outpatient Filmmaking Program brings the In-Hospital program into the homes of children with serious illnesses who do not need to be in the hospital.
From the comfort of their own home, BayKids' professional filmmakers work with children one-on-one to help them develop and film their movie. The trained team of filmmaking experts work with children over several sessions to help them bring their creative visions and life stories to fruition.
One of the most fascinating aspects about BayKids Studios is how they continue to support and inspire these kids even after they have left the hospital. They hold onsite mentorship programs at incredible locations like LucasFilm, Dolby, and Apple, that give kids the opportunity to meet and learn from film and tech industry experts.
There are also yearly events that include exclusive tours and workshops where kids learn about different aspects of filmmaking and technology and get a behind-the-scenes look at how films are made. In addition to being creatively inspiring, their mentoring program serves the important role of building a nurturing community for kids who have had, and may still be going through, serious illnesses.
Interested In Helping More Kids Be Kids Again?
With your support, we can bring the power of filmmaking to more children in need. See how you can help bring art therapy through filmmaking to more children today.
Donate to BayKids Studios Today!


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GFL: Saarland Hurricanes sign Division III National Championship QB Kyle King
Daniel MacKenzie | American Football | 01/19/2023
The Saarland Hurricanes have found their quarterback for the 2023 season in Division III National Championship winner and Manning Camp participant Kyle King.
King last suited up in 2022 for Division III powerhouse Mary Hardin-Baylor Crusaders in Texas. In three years and 31 games with the Crusaders, King threw for 6971 yards and 82 touchdowns, winning a National Championship in 2021 after initially joining the team back in 2018 as a punter.
Following his National Championship win in December 2021 King received a call from Archie Manning letting him know that he would be attending the Manning Camp along with big Division I names such as Heisman Trophy winner Bryce Young (Alabama), National Champion Stetson Bennett (Georgia), Cameron Rising (Utah), CJ Stroud (Ohio State) and Clayton Tune (Houston).
The 6 '3, 220-pounder's stellar career with the Crusaders earnt him Second Team All-ASC in 2020 and Third-Team All-ASC in 2021. In addition to this King was an Academic All-ASC selection for both years at Mary Hardin-Baylor.
King had his best year to date in 2022 making it to the National semi-finals before losing to North Central, but with most college awards still pending it is uncertain what he will be awarded for his most recent year.
Joining King this year in Saarland will be former rival and the man he beat in the 2021 National Championship game, North Central College receiver Andrew Kamienski (hyperlink to King piece).
Daniel MacKenzie
Daniel Mackenzie is a Press Association graduate who has worked in B2B journalism and comms in the third sector; with experience in both education and human rights. He played for the London Warriors for 15 years as well as Team Great Britain .
Eagles' Super Bowl-bound Hurts still trying to quiet haters 9 hours ago Associated Press


Azerbaijan probably isn't on your list to visit, but I hope to change your mind because it's a really unique and affordable country. A cup of tea, a kebab... and what else did I get? Join me as I discover what $10 Can Get You in my 100th country!


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French activists use Macron portraits to urge climate action
A hundred activists hold portraits of President Emmanuel Macron to urge France to take action during the U.N. COP 25 climate talks in Madrid, during a gathering at Place du Trocadero facing the Eiffel Tower in Paris, Sunday, Dec. 8, 2019. Environmental activists around France have removed President Emmanuel Macron's official portrait from town halls around the country in an unusual protest movement aimed at pushing him to do more to slow climate change. (AP Photo/Francois Mori)
PARIS (AP) — French environmental activists brandished stolen portraits of President Emmanuel Macron at a protest Sunday near the Eiffel Tower to try to push the government to do more to fight climate change.
The protest is part of an unusual climate movement that has taken root around France this year, in which activists have stolen more than 130 portraits of Macron from town halls from the Alps to the Atlantic.
They feel the centrist, business-friendly Macron isn't doing enough to reduce France's emissions, even though he portrays himself on the global stage as Mr. Climate.
The activists brought the portraits to Sunday's protest — carrying them upside down to show what they consider Macron's hypocrisy — to call for bolder government action at the U.N. COP25 climate talks currently underway in Madrid.
Pauline Boyer from climate group ANV COP21 said the demonstration is aimed at showing "that Emmanuel Macron uses doublespeak, by presenting himself as a climate champion while he is not enforcing a true policy in France that could tackle the environment challenge."
Activists are notably angry that France has lagged on its international commitments to increase use of solar and wind energy and reduce emissions. France remains well behind its European neighbors in its use of renewable energy.
Macron has stood up to U.S. President Donald Trump on the need for countries and corporations to cooperate to cut emissions. However, Macron backed down on a fuel tax last year meant to help wean France off fossil fuels, because the tax triggered the yellow vest protest movement against economic injustice.
The activists at Sunday's protest held 100 portraits, to mark 100 days until France's municipal elections to replace mayors in town halls across the country. They want to urge future mayors to take local climate action, and some held a banner reading: "Local elections — D-day minus 100, let's reveal Macron's real face."
Activists are facing trials around France for the thefts, with some acquitted and some hit with fines.
More Science & Technology Stories
by MARCIA DUNN, Associated Press / Jan 18, 2020
CAPE CANAVERAL, Fla. (AP) — Rough seas prompted SpaceX on Saturday to delay the emergency escape test of its new crew capsule by a day.
Liftoff is now set for Sunday at NASA's Kennedy Space Center.
by CHRISTINA LARSON and MATTHEW BROWN, Associated Press / Jan 18, 2020
Australia's unprecedented wildfires season has so far charred 40,000 square miles (104,000 square kilometers) of brushland, rainforests, and national parks — killing by one estimate more than a billion wild animals. Scientists fear some of the island continent's unique and colorful species may not recover. For others, they are trying to throw lifelines.
Where flames have subsided, biologists are starting to look for survivors, hoping they may find enough left of some rare and endangered species to rebuild populations. It's a grim task for a nation that prides itself on its diverse wildlife, including creatures found nowhere else on the planet such as koalas, kangaroos and wallabies.
by JOSHUA GOODMAN, Associated Press / Jan 17, 2020
MIAMI (AP) — Last April, as a military uprising roiled Venezuela, Nicolás Maduro's socialist government ordered pay TV providers to immediately cease transmission of CNN and the BBC.
DirecTV, which is wholly owned by AT&T, quickly obliged, yanking the two networks off the air as live images of military trucks running over protesters were being broadcast to the world.
Attorney and child advocate speaks to ESCC faculty and staff


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HomeSportsMyles Garrett lands a lot of green with Browns
Myles Garrett lands a lot of green with Browns
SportsFootballAll News
Even though Myles Garrett gave the Cleveland Browns a heads up not to rely solely on him to save their team, they signed the top draft pick.
So now Garrett's first sack as a pro will be filled with plenty of green.
The No. 1 overall pick in last month's NFL draft, Garrett signed his four-year rookie contract with the Cleveland Browns, who gave the speedy defensive end an estimated $30.4 million package that includes a $20.3 million guaranteed signing bonus.
One week after displaying his dazzling skills at the team's rookie minicamp, Garrett got the business side of things out of the way by signing his deal Friday. The Browns posted a video on Twitter of the former Texas A&M All-American filling out the contract's paperwork while Seal's "Kiss From A Rose" played in the background.
The Browns are counting on Garrett, whose outside interests include writing poetry and paleontology, to energize their turnaround. Cleveland went 1-15 last season, has had just two winnings seasons since its 1999 expansion reboot and hasn't been to the playoffs in 15 years.
Blessed with a running back's burst, Garrett recorded 32½ sacks in three seasons for the Aggies. He was limited by a sprained ankle last season but still played at a dominant level, and the Browns didn't pass up the chance to take him in a draft loaded with defensive talent.
Garrett was impressive during the club's rookie minicamp, showing off his ability to blow past blockers and pressure quarterbacks.
"Did you see that guy come off the edge that one time?" coach Hue Jackson said following a practice. "Holy smokes. Oh my gosh. The guy has flashed and shown exactly why he was drafted where he was drafted. What we have to do is continue to let him be who he is and play the way we think he can. It is exciting to see. I haven't been around a lot of guys like him. It is fun."
Garrett has also displayed an easygoing personality and eagerness to succeed. He knows there are high expectations as the first overall pick, but he isn't hiding from them.
"I'm not worried about what people expect from me or what they think I am going to do," Garrett said. "My expectations are definitely higher than what most others have for me. I hold myself to that every single time I step on the field, whether I'm going against whoever is out there for rookie camp or if I am going against the very best or if I am just trying to learn the playbook or just being a great man in general."
Garrett caused a stir shortly after being drafted when he said he was targeting Pittsburgh quarterback Ben Roethlisberger for his first sack. The Browns open next season against the Steelers, their longtime rival who has overpowered Cleveland in recent years.
And while Garrett's comments could fuel the Steelers, he didn't backtrack on his remarks.
"I think that was kind of blown up, but I stand by it," Garrett said. "We are looking to get after it. Why should I be afraid of saying those kinds of things? That is what any team would say or any player would say. You are trying to make a name for yourself. You are trying to go out there and win games just like they are. They are not going to shy away from the challenge, and neither are we."
Not long after Garrett's deal was finalized, the Browns signed rookie defensive tackle Caleb Brantley, a sixth-round pick.
Brantley arrived in Cleveland with a battery complaint hanging over him, but earlier this week, prosecutors in Florida dismissed his case, saying there was "no reliable evidence upon which an arrest or prosecution would be warranted or legally justified."
The Browns felt comfortable enough with Brantley's situation to draft him, and as it turned out, their instincts were right.
Brantley led Florida with 9½ tackles for loss last season and had 2½ sacks for the Gators before declaring for the draft following his junior season.
With Garrett and Brantley under contract, Cleveland has signed seven of the 10 players the club drafted last month.
Myles Garrett
Luka Alariohttps://movietvtechgeeks.com/
Luka Alario, our sports writer, hails from Northern Italy. He's as passionate about Soccer as we are about football so he's a great addition to our sports team.
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text:
"use strict";
/* global loader: true, Promise: true, Type: true, core: true, error: true, util: true, Request: true, Controller: true */
var di = require('../di'),
    ControllerInterface = di.load('interface/controller'),
    ModuleInterface = di.load('interface/module'),
    component = di.load('core/component'),
    router = component.get('core/router'),
    hooks = component.get('hooks/request'),
    logger = component.get('core/logger'),
    URLParser = di.load('url'),
    Type = di.load('typejs'),
    zlib = di.load('zlib'),
    core = di.load('core'),
    error = di.load('error'),
    Promise = di.load('promise'),
    Request;

/**
 * @license Mit Licence 2014
 * @since 0.0.1
 * @author Igor Ivanovic
 * @name getErrorCode
 *
 * @description
 * Get error code from request
 * @return number
 */
function getErrorCode(message) {
    var tokens = message.split('\n'),
        token;
    while (tokens.length) {
        token = tokens.shift();
        if (token.indexOf('CODE:') === 0) {
            token = parseInt(token.replace('CODE:', ''));
            if (Type.isNumber(token) && !isNaN(token)) {
                return token;
            }
        }
    }
    return 500;
}
/**
 * @license Mit Licence 2014
 * @since 0.0.1
 * @author Igor Ivanovic
 * @name Request
 *
 * @constructor
 * @description
 * Handle request
 */
Request = Type.create({
    request: Type.OBJECT,
    response: Type.OBJECT,
    url: Type.STRING,
    parsedUrl: Type.OBJECT,
    route: Type.STRING,
    params: Type.OBJECT,
    controller: Type.STRING,
    module: Type.STRING,
    action: Type.STRING,
    statusCode: Type.NUMBER,
    headers: Type.OBJECT,
    isRendered: Type.BOOLEAN,
    isERROR: Type.BOOLEAN,
    isPromiseChainStopped: Type.BOOLEAN,
    isForwarded: Type.BOOLEAN,
    isCompressed: Type.BOOLEAN,
    isCompressionEnabled: Type.BOOLEAN,
    encoding: Type.STRING,
    body: Type.ARRAY,
    id: Type.STRING
}, {
    _construct: function Request(config, url) {
        this.isForwarded = false;
        this.body = [];
        this.isERROR = false;
        this.isCompressionEnabled = false;
        this.id = null;
        // body and isForwarded can be overriden
        core.extend(this, config);

        this.statusCode = 200;
        this.headers = {};
        this.url = url;
        this.parsedUrl = URLParser.parse(this.url, true);
        this.isPromiseChainStopped = false;
        this.isRendered = false;
        this.isCompressed = false;

        if (!this.id) {
            this.id = this._uuid();
        }
    },
    /**
     * @since 0.0.1
     * @author Igor Ivanovic
     * @method Request#addHeader
     *
     * @description
     * Write header
     */
    onEnd: function Request_onEnd(callback) {
        this.request.once('destory', callback);
    },
    /**
     * @since 0.0.1
     * @author Igor Ivanovic
     * @method Request#isHeaderModified
     *
     * @description
     * Check if header is modified
     * @return {boolean}
     */
    isHeaderCacheUnModified: function Request_isHeaderCacheUnModified() {

        var etagMatches = true,
            notModified = true,
            modifiedSince = this.getRequestHeader('if-modified-since'),
            noneMatch = this.getRequestHeader('if-none-match'),
            cc = this.getRequestHeader('cache-control'),
            lastModified = this.getHeader('last-modified'),
            etag = this.getHeader('etag');

        // unconditional request
        if (!modifiedSince && !noneMatch) {
            return false;
            // check for no-cache cache request directive
        } else if (cc && cc.indexOf('no-cache') !== -1) {
            return false;
        }

        // parse if-none-match
        if (noneMatch) {
            noneMatch = noneMatch.split(/ *, */);
        }
        // if-none-match
        if (noneMatch) {
            etagMatches = ~noneMatch.indexOf(etag) || '*' == noneMatch[0];
        }
        // if-modified-since
        if (modifiedSince) {
            modifiedSince = Date.parse(modifiedSince);
            lastModified = Date.parse(lastModified);
            notModified = lastModified <= modifiedSince;
        }

        return !!(etagMatches && notModified);
    },

    /**
     * @since 0.0.1
     * @author Igor Ivanovic
     * @method Request#setStatusCode
     *
     * @description
     * HTTP status code
     */
    setStatusCode: function Request_setStatusCode(code) {
        if (!Type.isNumber(code)) {
            throw new error.HttpError(500, {code: code}, "Status code must be number type");
        }
        this.statusCode = code;
    },
    /**
     * @since 0.0.1
     * @author Igor Ivanovic
     * @method Request#stopPromiseChain
     *
     * @description
     * Stop promise chain
     */
    stopPromiseChain: function Request_stopPromiseChain() {
        this.isPromiseChainStopped = true;
    },
    /**
     * @since 0.0.1
     * @author Igor Ivanovic
     * @method Request#getHeaders
     *
     * @description
     * Return headers
     */
    getHeaders: function Request_getHeaders() {
        return core.copy(this.headers);
    },
    /**
     * @since 0.0.1
     * @author Igor Ivanovic
     * @method Request#getRequestBody
     *
     * @description
     * Return body data
     */
    getRequestBody: function Request_getRequestBody() {
        if (Type.isArray(this.body) && this.body.length > 0) {
            return Buffer.concat(this.body);
        }
        return this.body;
    },
    /**
     * @since 0.0.1
     * @author Igor Ivanovic
     * @method Request#getRequestHeaders
     *
     * @description
     * Return request headers
     */
    getRequestHeaders: function Request_getRequestHeaders() {
        return core.copy(this.request.headers);
    },
    /**
     * @since 0.0.1
     * @author Igor Ivanovic
     * @method Request#getRequestDomain
     *
     * @description
     * Return request domain
     */
    getRequestDomain: function Request_getRequestDomain() {
        return this.request.connection.domain;
    },
    /**
     * @since 0.0.1
     * @author Igor Ivanovic
     * @method Request#getRequestIpAddres
     *
     * @description
     * Request remote ip address
     */
    getRequestRemoteAddress: function Request_getRequestRemoteAddress() {
        return this.request.connection.remoteAddress;
    },

    /**
     * @since 0.0.1
     * @author Igor Ivanovic
     * @method Request#getRequestRemotePort
     *
     * @description
     * Request remote port
     */
    getRequestRemotePort: function Request_getRequestRemotePort() {
        return this.request.connection.remotePort;
    },

    /**
     * @since 0.0.1
     * @author Igor Ivanovic
     * @method Request#getRequestLocalAddress
     *
     * @description
     * Request locals address
     */
    getRequestLocalAddress: function Request_getRequestLocalAddress() {
        return this.request.connection.localAddress;
    },

    /**
     * @since 0.0.1
     * @author Igor Ivanovic
     * @method Request#getRequestLocalPort
     *
     * @description
     * Request local port
     */
    getRequestLocalPort: function Request_getRequestLocalPort() {
        return this.request.connection.localPort;
    },
    /**
     * @since 0.0.1
     * @author Igor Ivanovic
     * @method Request#getRequestHeader
     *
     * @description
     * Get request header
     */
    getRequestHeader: function Request_getRequestHeader(key) {
        if (Type.isString(key)) {
            return this.request.headers[key.toLowerCase()];
        } else {
            throw new error.HttpError(500, {key: key}, "Request.getRequestHeader: Header key must be string type");
        }
    },
    /**
     * @since 0.0.1
     * @author Igor Ivanovic
     * @method Request#getHeader
     *
     * @description
     * Return header
     * @return {object}
     */
    getHeader: function Request_getHeader(key) {
        if (this.hasHeader(key)) {
            return this.headers[key.toLowerCase()];
        }
        return false;
    },
    /**
     * @since 0.0.1
     * @author Igor Ivanovic
     * @method Request#hasHeader
     *
     * @description
     * Has header
     */
    hasHeader: function Request_hasHeader(key) {
        if (Type.isString(key)) {
            return this.headers.hasOwnProperty(key.toLowerCase());
        } else {
            throw new error.HttpError(500, {key: key}, "Request.hasHeader: Header key must be string type");
        }
    },
    /**
     * @since 0.0.1
     * @author Igor Ivanovic
     * @method Request#addHeader
     *
     * @description
     * Write header
     */
    addHeader: function Request_addHeader(key, value) {
        var item;
        if (Type.isString(key)) {
            key = key.toLowerCase();
            if (!Type.isString(value) && !!value && Type.isFunction(value.toString)) {
                value = value.toString();
            }
            if (Type.isString(value)) {
                if (this.hasHeader(key) && !Type.isArray(this.headers[key])) {
                    item = this.getHeader(key);
                    this.headers[key] = [];
                    this.headers[key].push(item);
                    this.headers[key].push(value);
                } else if (this.hasHeader(key) && Type.isArray(this.headers[key])) {
                    this.headers[key].push(value);
                } else {
                    this.headers[key] = value;
                }
            }
        } else {
            throw new error.HttpError(500, {
                key: key,
                value: value
            }, "Request.addHeader: Header key must be string type");
        }
    },
    /**
     * @since 0.0.1
     * @author Igor Ivanovic
     * @method Request#forwardUrl
     *
     * @description
     * Forward to route
     */
    forwardUrl: function Request_forwardUrl(url) {
        var request, that = this;
        if (this.url === url) {
            throw new error.HttpError(500, {
                url: url
            }, 'Cannot forward to same url');
        } else {
            this.stopPromiseChain();
            request = new Request({
                request: this.request,
                response: this.response,
                isForwarded: true,
                id: this.id,
                body: this.body
            }, url);

            logger.info('Request.forward.url:', {
                url: url
            });

            // destroy current request on end of request
            request.onEnd(function () {
                that._destroy();
            });

            return request.parse();
        }
    },
    /**
     * @since 0.0.1
     * @author Igor Ivanovic
     * @method Request#forward
     *
     * @description
     * Forward to route
     */
    forward: function Request_forward(route, params) {

        var request, that = this;

        if (router.trim(this.route, "/") === router.trim(route, '/')) {
            throw new error.HttpError(500, {
                route: route,
                params: params
            }, 'Cannot forward to same route');
        } else {

            this.stopPromiseChain();

            request = new Request({
                request: this.request,
                response: this.response,
                isForwarded: true,
                id: this.id,
                body: this.body
            }, router.createUrl(route, params));

            logger.info('Request.forward.route:', {
                route: route,
                params: params
            });
            // destroy current request on end of request
            request.onEnd(function () {
                that._destroy();
            });

            return request.parse();
        }
    },
    /**
     * @since 0.0.1
     * @author Igor Ivanovic
     * @method Request#redirect
     *
     * @description
     * Redirect request
     */
    redirect: function Request_redirect(url, isTemp) {
        logger.info('Request.redirect:', {
            url: url,
            isTemp: isTemp
        });
        this.addHeader('Location', url);
        this.stopPromiseChain();
        this.isRendered = true;
        if (Type.isBoolean(isTemp) && !!isTemp) {
            this.response.writeHead(302, this.headers);
        } else {
            this.response.writeHead(301, this.headers);
        }
        this.response.end('Redirect to:' + url);
    },
    /**
     * @since 0.0.1
     * @author Igor Ivanovic
     * @method Request#noChange
     *
     * @description
     * No change header
     */
    sendNoChange: function () {
        this.stopPromiseChain();
        this.setStatusCode(304);
        this._render('NO CHANGE');
    },
    /**
     * @since 0.0.1
     * @author Igor Ivanovic
     * @method Request#getMethod
     *
     * @description
     * Return current request method
     */
    getMethod: function Request_getMethod() {
        return this.request.method;
    },
    /**
     * @since 0.0.1
     * @author Igor Ivanovic
     * @method Request#destroy
     *
     * @description
     * Destroy current instance
     */
    _destroy: function Request__destroy() {
        this.request.emit('destory');
        this.destroy();
    },
    /**
     * @since 0.0.1
     * @author Igor Ivanovic
     * @method Request#parseRequest
     *
     * @description
     * Parse request
     */
    parse: function Request_parse() {

        if (this.isForwarded) {
            return this._process().then(this._destroy.bind(this), this._destroy.bind(this));
        }
        // receive body as buffer
        this.request.on('data', this.body.push.bind(this.body));

        return new Promise(this.request.on.bind(this.request, 'end'))
            .then(this._process.bind(this))
            .then(this._destroy.bind(this), this._destroy.bind(this));  // emit destroy on error and resolve
    },
    /**
     * @since 0.0.1
     * @author Igor Ivanovic
     * @method Request#_uuid
     *
     * @description
     * Generate uuid
     */
    _uuid: function () {
        return 'xxxxxxxx-xxxx-4xxx-yxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx'.replace(/[xy]/g, function (c) {
            var r = Math.random() * 16 | 0, v = c == 'x' ? r : (r & 0x3 | 0x8);
            return v.toString(16);
        });
    },
    /**
     * @since 0.0.1
     * @author Igor Ivanovic
     * @method Request#_process
     *
     * @description
     * Process request
     */
    _process: function () {
        return hooks.process(this._getApi())
            .then(function handleHooks(data) {
                if (Type.isInitialized(data) && !!data) {
                    return data;
                } else if (this.isPromiseChainStopped) {
                    return false;
                }
                return router
                    .process(this.request.method, this.parsedUrl) // find route
                    .then(this._resolveRoute.bind(this)); // resolve route chain

            }.bind(this)) // handle hook chain
            .then(this._compress.bind(this))
            .then(this._render.bind(this)) // resolve route chain
            .catch(this._handleError.bind(this)) // catch hook error
            .then(this._compress.bind(this))
            .then(this._render.bind(this)) // render hook error
            .catch(this._handleError.bind(this)) // catch render error
            .then(this._compress.bind(this))
            .then(this._render.bind(this)); // resolve render error
    },

    /**
     * @since 0.0.1
     * @author Igor Ivanovic
     * @method Request#_compress
     *
     * @description
     * Compress output
     * @return object
     */
    _compress: function Request__compress(response) {
        var accept = this.getRequestHeader('Accept-Encoding'),
            isForCompress = (Type.isString(response) || response instanceof Buffer) && !this.isCompressed,
            that = this;

        if (isForCompress && !!this.isCompressionEnabled && Type.isString(accept)) {
            if (!this.hasHeader('Vary')) {
                this.addHeader('Vary', 'Accept-Encoding');
            }
            if (accept.indexOf('gzip') > -1) {
                return new Promise(function (resolve, reject) {
                    zlib.gzip(response, function (err, data) {
                        if (err) {
                            return reject(err);
                        }
                        that.isCompressed = true;
                        that.addHeader('Content-Encoding', 'gzip');
                        resolve(data);
                    });
                });
            } else if (accept.indexOf('deflate') > -1) {
                return new Promise(function (resolve, reject) {
                    zlib.deflate(response, function (err, data) {
                        if (err) {
                            return reject(err);
                        }
                        that.isCompressed = true;
                        that.addHeader('Content-Encoding', 'deflate');
                        resolve(data);
                    });
                });
            }
        }

        return response;
    },
    /**
     * @since 0.0.1
     * @author Igor Ivanovic
     * @method Request#_checkContentType
     *
     * @description
     * Checks content type header and if no present set default one to text/html
     */
    _checkContentType: function (type) {
        if (!this.hasHeader('Content-Type')) {
            this.addHeader('Content-Type', Type.isString(type) ? type : 'text/plain');
        }
    },

    /**
     * @since 0.0.1
     * @author Igor Ivanovic
     * @method Request#_handleError
     *
     * @description
     * Handle error
     * @return boolean
     */
    _handleError: function Request_handleError(response) {
        var request, code, that = this;

        if (this.isRendered) {
            // we have multiple recursion in parse for catching
            return false;
        }
        // log error request
        logger.error('Request:', {
            url: this.url,
            status: this.statusCode,
            id: this.id,
            isRendered: this.isRendered,
            content_type: this.getHeader('content-type'),
            message: response
        });

        if (response instanceof Error) {
            response = error.silentHttpError(500, {}, 'SlientHttpError: mvcjs error is not thrown', response);
        }
        // get error code from message
        code = getErrorCode(response);
        // set status codes
        this.setStatusCode(code);
        // stop current chain!!!
        this.stopPromiseChain();

        response += '\n';
        response += 'ROUTE:' + core.inspect(this._getRouteInfo());

        if (!this.isERROR && !!router.getErrorRoute()) {

            // return new request
            request = new Request({
                request: this.request,
                response: this.response,
                isForwarded: true,
                body: this.body,
                isERROR: true,
                id: this.id
            }, router.createUrl(router.getErrorRoute()));
            // pass exception response over parsed url query as query parameter
            // assign to exception
            request.parsedUrl.query.exception = response;
            // set status codes for new request
            request.setStatusCode(code);
            // return parsed request

            // destroy current request on end of error request
            request.onEnd(function () {
                that._destroy();
            });

            return request.parse();
        } else {
            this.addHeader('Content-Type', 'text/plain');
            return this._render(response);
        }
    },

    /**
     * @since 0.0.1
     * @author Igor Ivanovic
     * @method Request#end
     *
     * @description
     * End request
     * @return boolean
     */
    _render: function Request__render(response) {

        if (this.isRendered) {
            return false;
        }

        if (Type.isString(response)) {

            this._checkContentType('text/html');
            this.response.writeHead(this.statusCode, this.headers);

            this.addHeader('Content-Length', response.length);
            this.response.end(response);
            this.isRendered = true;

        } else if (response instanceof Buffer) {

            this._checkContentType('text/html');
            this.response.writeHead(this.statusCode, this.headers);

            this.addHeader('Content-Length', response.length);
            this.response.end(response);
            this.isRendered = true;

        } else if (!response) {
            throw new error.HttpError(500, {}, 'No data to render');
        } else {
            throw new error.HttpError(500, {}, 'Invalid response type, string or buffer is required!');
        }

        logger.info('Request.render:', {
            url: this.url,
            status: this.statusCode,
            id: this.id,
            isRendered: this.isRendered,
            content_type: this.getHeader('content-type')
        });

        return true;
    },

    /**
     * @since 0.0.1
     * @author Igor Ivanovic
     * @method Request#getApi
     *
     * @description
     * Return api for controller/hooks
     */
    _getApi: function Request_getApi() {
        return {
            redirect: this.redirect.bind(this),
            forward: this.forward.bind(this),
            hasHeader: this.hasHeader.bind(this),
            addHeader: this.addHeader.bind(this),
            getHeaders: this.getHeaders.bind(this),
            getMethod: this.getMethod.bind(this),
            getRequestBody: this.getRequestBody.bind(this),
            getRequestHeaders: this.getRequestHeaders.bind(this),
            getRequestHeader: this.getRequestHeader.bind(this),
            isHeaderCacheUnModified: this.isHeaderCacheUnModified.bind(this),
            onEnd: this.onEnd.bind(this),
            sendNoChange: this.sendNoChange.bind(this),
            stopPromiseChain: this.stopPromiseChain.bind(this),
            setStatusCode: this.setStatusCode.bind(this),
            createUrl: router.createUrl.bind(router),
            parsedUrl: this.parsedUrl,
            url: this.url,
            forwardUrl: this.forward.bind(this),
            uuid: this._uuid.bind(this),
            getRequestDomain: this.getRequestDomain.bind(this),
            getRequestRemoteAddress: this.getRequestRemoteAddress.bind(this),
            getRequestRemotePort: this.getRequestRemotePort.bind(this),
            getRequestLocalAddress: this.getRequestLocalAddress.bind(this),
            getRequestLocalPort: this.getRequestLocalPort.bind(this)
        };
    },
    /**
     * @since 0.0.1
     * @author Igor Ivanovic
     * @method Request#_chain
     *
     * @description
     * Chain promises
     */
    _chain: function Request__chain(promise, next) {

        if (!promise) {
            return new Promise(function (resolve, reject) {
                try {
                    resolve(next.apply(next, arguments));
                } catch (e) {
                    reject(new error.HttpError(500, {}, "Error on executing action", e));
                }
            });
        }

        return promise.then(function (data) {
            if (!!this.isPromiseChainStopped) {
                return promise;
            }
            return _handler(data);
        }.bind(this), this._handleError.bind(this));

        function _handler() {
            try {
                return next.apply(next, arguments);
            } catch (e) {
                throw new error.HttpError(500, {}, "Error on executing action", e);
            }
        }
    },
    /**
     * @since 0.0.1
     * @author Igor Ivanovic
     * @method Request#_handleController
     *
     * @description
     * Load response
     */
    _handleController: function Request_handleController(controllersPath, viewsPath) {
        var controllerToLoad = controllersPath + this.controller,
            LoadedController,
            controller,
            action,
            promise;

        try {
            LoadedController = di.load(controllerToLoad);
        } catch (e) {
            throw new error.HttpError(500, {path: controllerToLoad}, 'Missing controller', e);
        }

        if (!Type.assert(Type.FUNCTION, LoadedController)) {
            throw new error.HttpError(500, {path: controllerToLoad}, 'Controller must be function type');
        }

        controller = new LoadedController(this._getApi(), {
            controller: this.controller,
            action: this.action,
            module: this.module,
            url: this.url,
            id: this.id,
            viewsPath: viewsPath
        });

        if (!(controller instanceof  ControllerInterface)) {
            throw new error.HttpError(500, controller, 'Controller must be instance of ControllerInterface "core/controller"');
        }

        logger.info('Controller:', {
            controller: controller.__dynamic__,
            controllerToLoad: controllerToLoad,
            route: this._getRouteInfo()
        });

        if (controller.has("beforeEach")) {
            promise = this._chain(null, controller.beforeEach.bind(controller, this.action, this.params));
        }

        if (controller.has('before_' + this.action)) {
            promise = this._chain(promise, controller.get('before_' + this.action).bind(controller, this.params));
        }

        if (controller.has('action_' + this.action)) {
            promise = this._chain(promise, controller.get('action_' + this.action).bind(controller, this.params));
        } else {
            throw new error.HttpError(500, {
                controller: controller,
                hasAction: controller.has(this.action),
                route: this._getRouteInfo()
            }, 'Missing action in controller');
        }

        if (controller.has('after_' + this.action)) {
            promise = this._chain(promise, controller.get('after_' + this.action).bind(controller, this.params));
        }

        if (controller.has("afterEach")) {
            promise = this._chain(promise, controller.afterEach.bind(controller, this.action, this.params));
        }

        this.onEnd(controller.destroy.bind(controller));

        return promise;
    },
    /**
     * @since 0.0.1
     * @author Igor Ivanovic
     * @method Request#_handleModule
     *
     * @description
     * Handle module
     * @return {object} Promise
     */
    _handleModule: function Request__handleModule(path) {
        var moduleToLoad = path + this.module,
            LoadedModule,
            module;

        try {
            LoadedModule = di.load(moduleToLoad);
        } catch (e) {
            throw new error.HttpError(500, {path: moduleToLoad}, 'Missing module', e);
        }

        if (!Type.assert(Type.FUNCTION, LoadedModule)) {
            throw new error.HttpError(500, {path: moduleToLoad}, 'Module must be function type');
        }

        module = new LoadedModule(this.module);

        if (!(module instanceof  ModuleInterface)) {
            throw new error.HttpError(500, {module: module}, 'Module must be instance of ModuleInterface "core/module"');
        }

        return this._handleController(module.getControllersPath(), module.getViewsPath());
    },
    /**
     * @since 0.0.1
     * @author Igor Ivanovic
     * @method Request#_resolveRoute
     *
     * @description
     * Resolve valid route
     * @return {object} Promise
     */
    _resolveRoute: function Request__resolveRoute(routeRule) {
        var route;
        this.route = routeRule.shift();
        this.params = routeRule.shift();
        route = this.route.split('/');
        if (route.length === 3) {
            this.module = route.shift();
        }
        this.controller = route.shift();
        this.action = route.shift();

        if (!!this.module) {
            return this._handleModule(di.getAlias('modulesPath'));
        }

        return this._handleController(di.getAlias('controllersPath'), di.getAlias('viewsPath'));
    },
    /**
     * @since 0.0.1
     * @author Igor Ivanovic
     * @method Request#_getRouteInfo
     *
     * @description
     * Return route info for easy debugging
     * @return {object}
     */
    _getRouteInfo: function Request__getRouteInfo() {
        return {
            id: this.id,
            url: this.url,
            controller: this.controller,
            action: this.action,
            module: this.module,
            params: this.params,
            method: this.getMethod(),
            requestDomain: this.getRequestDomain(),
            remoteAddress: this.getRequestRemoteAddress(),
            remotePort: this.getRequestRemotePort(),
            localAddress: this.getRequestLocalAddress(),
            localPort: this.getRequestLocalPort()
        };
    }

});

module.exports = Request;


text:
Supernatural shocker: Major character killed off in new season
SUPERNATURAL is a show that has a habit of taking characters to the very edge of death, if not far beyond, before yanking them back for a bit more demon-slaying.
So it shouldn't cause more than a raised eyebrow of interest to know that showrunner Eric Kripke and his minions kill off a major character in the first episode of the new season.
And to be fair to Kripke, he doesn't really kill this character off as we're fairly sure that to do that, the character had to have been alive to begin with...
If you don't want to know who it is, how they wind up with one of their teeth in Chuck the Prophet's hair, or indeed how they come back down to earth then don't look down...
Because if you do then you'll see Jimmy's trademark mac splattered with the remains of Castiel's meat-suit (minus the aforesaid molar).
Eagle-eyed viewers will recall in the season four finale that Castiel and Chuck the Prophet nervously awaited the arrival of the archangel after our favourite godly accountant helped Dean get back to his brother's side.
At the recent Comic-Con in San Diego, Castiel's other meat-suit, actor Misha Collins, may have been taking his preparation for the role a little too far when he revealed that he had recently come off his bike at 55mph, requiring him to finish his journey in an ambulance:
When asked: "So you're being a method actor since Castiel was basically destroyed at the end of last season?", he responded: "Exactly, I wanted to know what that felt like."
While no-one has yet revealed exactly how Castiel makes it back into one piece, he achieves it somehow because a couple of episodes into the season Dean decides it's time he got his favourite angel dirty and takes him to a strip joint to loosen him up.
Assuming he doesn't take him there in a bag, it's a safe bet then that Castiel - and Collins - gets put back together somehow. And you just know there won't be a mark on that damned mac...
Collins is now very much part of a growing ensemble cast: "I have a seat with my name on it, which is nice".
The show still relies heavily on its two leads, Jared Padalecki (Sam Winchester) and Jensen Ackles (Dean Winchester) - a fact that has often led them to complain of little or no time off during the gruelling nine-month shooting schedule.
However the increasing popularity of show regulars Bobby Singer (Jim Beaver) and Castiel (Collins) as well as the reintroduction of some old favourites including Ellen (Samantha Ferris) and Anna (Julie McNiven) means there should be a great deal more for the boys to interact with. Or shoot.
Labels: jared padalecki, jensen ackles, supernatural, supernatural-fan.com
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text:
Sestav šestih pentagramskih antiprizem je v geometriji sestav uniformnih poliedrov  s kiralno  simetrično razporeditvijo šestih pentagramskih antiprizem, ki so razporejene vzdolž osi s petkratno vrtilno simetrijo dodekaedra.

Kartezične koordinate
Kartezične koordinate oglišč so vse ciklične permutacije vrednosti:

 (±(τ+√τ−1), ±τ−1, ±(−1+√τ))
 (±√τ−1, ±2, ±√τ)
 (±(−τ+√τ−1), ±τ−1, ±(1+√τ))
 (±(−1+√τ−1), ±(−τ), ±(τ−1+√τ))
 (±(1+√τ−1), ±(−τ), ±(−τ−1+√τ))

s sodim številom minusov v izbiri '±' kjer je τ = (1+√5)/2 zlati rez, ki ga včasih pišemo kot φ.

Vir

.

Poliedrski sestavi

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Election: Faisal Saleh Hayat, Abid Imam disqualified for stealing water
CHINIOT: The Election Commission of Pakistan (ECP) Thursday dashed the lawmaking dreams of two candidates, one a seasoned and another a debutant, here in NA-87, Geo News reported.
According to sources, the erstwhile PML-Q leader Faisal Saleh Hayat, contesting as an independent candidate, and PPP's Abid Imam, a first-timer, could not believe his ears when they heard the Returning Officer in NA-87 disqualifying them to run for the polls.
Abid Imam, who happens to be the son of veteran politicians, Syed Fakhar Imam and Syeda Abida Hussain, was taking his first shot at the elections but ECP did not let him so to speak. However he reserves the right to challenge the decision in one of the ECO tribunals.
The nomination papers of both the candidates were rejected on the charges of stealing irrigation water, the sources added.
Rejecting the accusations, Faisal Saleh Hayat, a seat-winning politician, alleged Abid Imam was behind his disqualification.
On the other hand Abid Imam says he has got nothing to do with Hayat's disqualification.


text:
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Managing Payroll In Thailand
Home / Human Resource Management / Managing Payroll In Thailand
Posted Tuesday April 5th, 2022
In Human Resource Management, Payroll Outsourcing
Thailand, affectionately known as "The Land of Smiles", is a popular tourist destination due to its sandy white beaches, delectable and fiery cuisines and bustling night markets. In recent years, Thailand has also been creeping up the list for businesses looking to expand within the Southeast Asia (SEA) market. Based on World Bank's 2020 Ease of Doing Business Index, Thailand ranked 21st out of 190 countries, coming in just behind developed economies such as Taiwan, United Arab Emirates and Finland.
Today, Thailand continues to be a hub in SEA for attracting foreign investment. With a fairly stable economy, rich culture, 94% literacy rate within its population and strong incentives backed by the local government, it is not surprising that Thailand consistently ranks among the most attractive investment locations in the world.
On top of ensuring that businesses adhere to regulatory requirements, it is crucial to stay abreast of Thailand's payroll and labour laws. After all, the mechanics and business model of running a business in Thailand can differ from industry to industry. Here is a guide that covers the basics of setting up payroll when running a business in Thailand.
The maximum number of working hours in Thailand is up to 8 hours per day and up to 48 hours per week. While the employer and employee have the flexibility to agree on the period of working hours for certain types of work, the total number of working hours per week must not exceed 48 hours. For work that is deemed dangerous to health or personal safety, as stipulated by law, the number of working hours must not exceed 7 hours a day and not exceed 42 hours a week
Employees in Thailand are entitled to a rest period of 1 hour after working for 5 consecutive hours. While the employer and employee may arrange the rest period to be less than 1 hour at each time, it should not be less than 1 hour in a day. If the employee works in excess of the maximum working hours according to labour laws, he or she is entitled to overtime compensation.
Overtime Compensation
Employees in Thailand are allowed to work overtime only for 36 additional hours a week. If the employee works beyond the maximum stipulated working hours, he or she is entitled to overtime compensation at a rate starting from 1.5 times up to 3 times the normal average hourly wage rate.
If the employee works overtime on a normal working day, he is entitled to 1.5 times the normal hourly wage. If the employee works the duration of normal working hours on a public holiday or overtime on a public holiday, he is entitled to two times and three times the normal hourly wage respectively.
It is imperative for businesses to be aware of the overtime compensation that employees are entitled to. Concurrently, employees' payslips need to clearly state the total overtime hours that the individual employee has clocked and the amount of overtime compensation paid to the employee. For organisations that fail to compensate an employee for working overtime, the employee can take legal action demanding payment of the overdue compensation along with interest at 15% annually.
Leave Entitlement
Employees who have worked for 1 consecutive year are entitled to 6 working days of annual leave. There is no cap on sick leave – employees are allowed to take sick leave as long as the employee is able to prove that they are actually sick. However, employees are only entitled to receive paid sick leave up to 30 working days per year. If the employee takes a sick leave for more than 3 days, the employer may request for an official medical certification from a licensed physician or official medical establishment.
For female employees, maternity leave covers a period of 98 days inclusive of public holidays. The first half of the maternity leave will be 100% paid by the employer while the remaining half will be 50% paid by the employer. The remaining 50% would typically be covered by the Thai Social Security Fund, in which the employee would have made consistent contributions monthly. For employees working in the public sector, they are also entitled to 15 days of paternity leave. However, there is no paid paternity leave for employees in the private sector – these are typically left to the discretion of the respective organisations.
Employees working in private businesses are entitled to no less than 13 national holidays annually as required by the Labour Protection Act. Organisations can view the list of public holiday dates for the current year here.
During payroll processing, organisations are likely to encounter unpaid leave or leave encashment situations with employees. Staying abreast of the statutory leave entitlement in Thailand would help organisations significantly in adhering with labour laws and minimising non-compliance.
Provision of provident fund for employees is commonly practised across Thailand's neighbouring countries such as Hong Kong, Malaysia and Singapore. The purpose of the provident fund is to act as a financial safety net for individuals by helping them set aside money for retirement. While most countries make it mandatory for employees to participate in the provident fund, it is not the case for Thailand.
The provident fund in Thailand is on a voluntary basis and jointly set up by both the employers and employees. Employees and employers can contribute between 2% to 15% of their monthly wages to the provident fund, in which the latter must match the amount that the employee contributes. Employees can enjoy tax benefits throughout the duration of their provident fund membership.
Income Tax and Social Security
It is mandatory for employers to withhold individual income tax from an employee every month. This is done by deducting income tax from the employee's salary before paying them. Income tax is calculated under the assumption that the payments of employment incomes are made through the entire calendar year, which runs from 1 January to 31 December. Employers are also responsible for submitting a monthly withholding tax return to the Revenue Department by 7th of the following month. The tax due to the Revenue Department must be paid at the time of filling the return. Failure to file the monthly within holding tax return may result in incrementals depending on the number of overdue days and an additional penalty of 1.5% on the due amount.
There are two statutory social security contributions in Thailand that employers are required to contribute on behalf of the employees – social security fund (SSF) and provident fund.
Under the SSF, all employees are required to contribute 5% of their salary, up to a maximum contribution of THB750 per month. Employers and the government are also required to match this amount under the employees' SSF. Monthly social security payments must be submitted by the 15th of the following months to the Social Security Department.
If the business has at least 1 employee aged 15 to 60, they must register and submit their employees' SSF application to the Social Security Office within 30 days from their employment date. Foreigners who are legally working in Thailand must also register with the Social Security Office and are entitled to the same benefits as Thai employees. Employees registered under the Social Security Act are eligible to receive various benefits such as maternity benefits, sickness benefits, unemployment benefits and old-age benefits. However, there is a caveat on who is entitled to benefits under the Act:
An employee under section 33, who is not younger than 15 years of age and not older than 60 years of age.
An employee under section 39, who is an insured person under section 33 having paid contributions for a period of not less than 12 months and ceases to be an insured person by ending to be an employee. If the employee wishes to continue to be an insured person, the employee must inform the Social Security Office within six months and submit a contribution to the fund within the 15th of the following month.
Any other person who is not an employee under section 33 or section 39 may apply to be an insured person under section 40 by informing the Social Security Office.
An employer or employee can terminate an employment contract by giving the other party an advance notice in writing. The most prevalent notice period among organisations is 1 month or 30 days. Employers are allowed to specify longer notice periods within the employee's employment contract.
If the employee does not wish to serve the notice period and wishes or requires to leave the job immediately, the employer will be required to pay money in lieu of an advance notice equivalent to the employee's wage to be paid until the effective date of the notice. This requirement, however, does not apply in cases where termination is due to misconduct, absence from service or breach of employment contract.
In cases where an employee is terminated by his or her employer, employers are required to make two types of payment: notification pay and severance pay.
Notification pay applies to all employees who are terminated at the employer's initiative, regardless of tenure. Employers are required to pay employees their full salary for their current and the following monthly pay period. It is up to the organisation's discretion whether employees are required to continue working up to the end date.
Severance pay only applies to employees who have worked with the employer for more than 120 days. The severance pay amounts differs based on the years of service and are as follows:
Employees with more than 120 days of service but less than one year are entitled to 30 days severance pay.
Employees with service of 1 year but less than three years are entitled to 90 days of severance pay.
Employees with three years but less than six years are entitled to 180 days severance pay.
Employees with six years but less than ten years are entitled to 240 days severance pay.
Employees with service of 10 years but less than 20 years are entitled to 300 days severance pay.
Employees with 20 years or more are entitled to 400 days severance pay.
Managing termination or resignation cases can culminate into a complex affair if not managed properly. Hence, it is crucial that notice periods are clearly stated in employees' employment contract and notification or severance pay amounts are properly communicated to affected employees to prevent miscommunication and inaccurate information.
Employees in Thailand must be issued with payslips for each pay period, in which payslips can be issued in softcopy or hardcopy. Employers must keep payroll records for at least 7 years before being destroyed securely. Payroll processing is no doubt a complex affair, in which employers need to be attuned to the current payroll legislations while staying on top of the multiple payroll or tax filing deadlines. While organisations have the option of processing payroll in-house by a dedicated payroll officer, foreign businesses setting up in Thailand can consider outsourcing to a third party to take advantage of their regional expertise. At the same time, organisations can also explore the option of engaging a global payroll service provider in order to capitalise on their valuable compliance expertise and ensure that their international pool of employees are paid accurately and efficiently.
Read more about Thailand's Labour Act here.
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We are sorry to hear that you have had trouble downloading your dictionary. Buy your code today to instantly access these features and more. It has got a very simple and intuitive interface and it has got some new speaking and writing tools like Oxford iSpeaker and Speaking Tutor as well as Oxford iWriter and Writing Tutor. More than just an online dictionary With Premium you can create your own word lists, develop your speaking and writing skills, and download videos and worksheets. They are often abbreviations for common colloquial expressions, keeping up the informal, often personal and subjective nature of these electronic communications. This word can also describe somebody who wants very much to be successful in their career or to improve their social status and standard of living.
Before Installing Software You Must Watch This Installation Guide Video Installation Notes. For maximum learning and user engaging there is expand vocabulary feature available that help users to use the color illustrations and usage notes to explore related words and phrases. Returning to the selfie debate, posting selfies can be viewed as an expression of , the quality that gives you an individual identity and makes you different from others, and can help people develop a positive. These terms can also be used figuratively: He called on both sides to dial down the anger. Some people keep repeating the same thing over and over in a way that is very annoying but who actually listens to records any more? Not just types of food, although there are always plenty of those to add as our eating habits become ever more international, but words that describe ways of life. The app will now fit on your iPhone X screens, and your Favourites will be preserved when you update.
Some see the selfie as a sign that our culture is becoming increasingly narcissistic i. The obsession with health, especially size and weight, is also reflected in , and. Users can easily find any word by using the search box, follow links within entries and see other results for searching words. Please note, if you have not downloaded the spoken sentences and wish to do so, you will need to update the app first because the download will no longer work from older versions. Beyond the world of work, the difficulties faced by those who are struggling against a seemingly uncaring society are also highlighted in the news and media, where increasingly we come across references to , the state of not being able to afford to heat your home, and , people who have no home and sleep outside. Other new idioms reflect the activities and concerns of the time.
About the author: Diana Lea taught English in Czechoslovakia and Poland before joining Oxford University Press as a dictionary editor in 1994. Others, like orthorexia, are created to describe a new condition. These people are the , depending entirely on the money they receive for the jobs that they do, jobs that are not seen as skilled or important. Once the dictionary content is installed on your device, it will only take up about half this space. Studying an academic subject in English? Existing verbs can generate new phrasal verbs. In some cases these are not lifestyle choices but necessities, such as , an organization that distributes food to to provide for those who cannot afford to buy food. Before Installing Software You Must Watch This Installation Guide Video.
A portmanteau word is created by combining the beginning of one word and the end of another and keeping the meaning of each. New speaking and writing tools to improve your communication skills Students and teachers told us that speaking and writing in English are the most challenging skills to learn. Celebrities joined the fight against cyberbullying and body shaming. Please re-download the spoken sentences to take full advantage of the improved, error-free audio content. We can support by buying goods from employers who offer decent working conditions and a living wage.
Find out how the new and tools help develop and practise these skills. . With this dictionary you can add the words into your favorites list and can use them later for reference. Followers can become obsessed with restricted diets, leading to a condition known as , in which they consider all other foods to be harmful, and become ill through lack of a balanced diet. We often think of metaphors as something unusual and poetic, challenging us to look at things in a different way, and literary metaphors may do just that. The app will now fit on your iPhone X screens, and your Favourites will be preserved when you update.
We derive from this, which includes and recognizes the importance of the Arts in this curriculum. This will work for both 32 Bit and 64 Bit operating systems. As well as pressure to conform to body image, there is also pressure to behave ethically in buying food and to dispose of leftovers thoughtfully. And President Obama popularized the. Before downloading and installing the dictionary content, please check the amount of space available on your device. How do new words come about? The 9 th Edition has come up with many new features and it has got 900 new words like Photobomb, fracking and lolz etc.
The term can be applied to a political message that is only intended for and heard by a particular group of people. The words , meaning able to understand how somebody else feels because you can imagine what it is like to be that person, and also appear in the list. In the field of economics, two popular acronyms are and, more recently,. Thank you again for your patience, and apologies for the inconvenience caused by this issue. Dictionaries have always been a great helping tool for those who are hungry for learning new words or a new language.
Even though telephones no longer have dials, the verb dial has stuck and now gives us to a conference call and to order something by phone. A long time ago people used to wear hats in all weathers and to take your hat off to somebody was a sign of respect. If other people recognize the concept behind your new expression, they may start using it too. This is the practice of a man sitting on public transport with his legs wide apart, taking up more space than he needs and preventing other people from sitting down. Our free online resources ensure you avoid making some of the most common everyday language mistakes. Our concern with our needs as individuals is also reflected in several new entries relating to elements of our lifestyle.


text:
Q: Coin in City Problem Please consider this problem.
in one city common coin is 1dollar ,2dollar  and 3dollar  coin. how many way of paying the The price for an 20dollar candy which the seller has no money and number of 1dollar  coins greater than number of 2dollar coins.
it's so nice. would you pleas help me in calculating?

A: Since you require more $1'$s than $2'$s, you can think of each $2$ as coming with a $1$.  That makes another form of $3$. It will turn out that you need at least two more $1$'s because $20$ is not divisible by $3$. Now you can choose the number of $3$'s from $0$to $6$, then add enough $1$'s to make the total of $20$.  For each number of $3$'s, you can have $0$ to all of them real $3$'s and the rest be $2+1$.  If there are$6$ $3$'s, you have $7$ choices for how many will be real.  Similarly, if there are $5$ $3$'s, you have $6$ choices, so there are $7+6+5+\dots+1=28$

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