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NCGA to EPA: Don't Saddle Farmers with Unnecessary Water Regulations
Federal regulations on remote bodies of water will hurt farmers without providing any significant improvement to water quality, an NCGA leader told the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency today. "They [EPA and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers] must not assume that achieving desired water quality outcomes means that remote water features must be made waters of the U.S.," said Andy Jobman, chair of NCGA's Stewardship Action Team. "The facts simply do not support this assumption as it applies to farms, conservation practices and farmland water management." Jobman's remarks were made during a public meeting hosted by the EPA to hear from stakeholders on their perspectives on defining "waters of the United States" under the Clean Water Act, in light of the agency's intention to revise the definition. During the hearing, Jobman expressed support for the goals of the Clean Water Act to restore and protect the water quality integrity of jurisdictional waters. "Corn farmers...
NCGA's Linder Tells EPA to Turn to Ethanol to Address Greenhouse Gas Emissions
Policymakers can meet their ambitious goals of quickly lowering greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by turning to biofuels like ethanol, National Corn Growers Association President John Linder told the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency this week. "EPA's proposal for vehicle greenhouse gas emissions standards for 2023 through 2026 is an ambitious increase," Linder said. "The good news is we don't have to wait to reduce emissions. Thanks to today's ethanol, we can use fuel available right now to make a difference." His comments came as EPA conducted public hearings on proposed revised emission standards for light-duty vehicles for model year 2023 through 2026 and as the Biden Administration announced a goal of achieving a 50% to 52% reduction in greenhouse gas by 2030. Linder was one of several stakeholders providing input to EPA at the virtual public hearing. Looking at all possible solutions will ensure the country can take advantage of not only the low-carbon benefits of...
Next Generation Fuels Act Provides Key Piece of the Clean Energy Solution
The National Corn Growers Association (NCGA) today welcomed the reintroduction of The Next Generation Fuels Act (H.R. 5089), legislation to transition gasoline and vehicles to low-carbon, higher octane fuel to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and meet future needs of more advanced vehicles by taking advantage of the benefits of higher ethanol blends. The legislation is sponsored by Rep. Cheri Bustos (D-Ill). "Ethanol is uniquely positioned to immediately and affordably decarbonize transportation, including through paving the way to future vehicles with greater fuel efficiency and fewer emissions," said NCGA President John Linder. "The Renewable Fuel Standard was a game-changer for corn farmers, and the Next Generation Fuels Act builds on that success in advancing our commitment to providing the cleanest, most efficient and lowest cost energy solution." The bill would require that automakers phase in higher levels of clean, low-carbon octane by model year 2031. The...
Harvesting? Online Corn Yield Contest Harvest Entries Now Available
As summer draws to a close, the National Corn Growers Association is now accepting yield results of contest entries for the 2021 National Corn Yield Contest. All harvest results are due within two weeks after harvest or by November 30, whichever is the earlier date. The contest winners will be announced on December 15. Enter your harvest results online, click here. Please consider the potential availability of supervisors for this harvest. Government offices may be short-staffed, or under restrictions due to COVID-19, so it is important to begin conversations with potential yield check supervisors early. Learn more about rules pertaining to supervisors by clicking here. The premier event of every corn-growing season since 1965, the National Corn Yield Contest offers challenges and rewards to each entrant! NCGA challenges you to take advantage of this opportunity to explore new ideas and production technologies while gleaning knowledge to enhance your future...
Grower Leaders Develop Skills in the Leadership Academy
Earlier this month, grower leaders from seven states met in St. Louis, Missouri, for Session 1 of the NCGA Leadership Academy. This year's program included training on transformational leadership, consensus building, forecasting and anticipating future challenges, parliamentary procedures and media training. The group also spoke with staff members from each NCGA department to foster greater collaboration. Growers gained a keener insight into association management and how different leadership styles can come together in building an efficient organization. A key component of the program is media training and advocacy communication to assist grower leaders as they take a more active role as spokespersons for their state and national corn organizations. Additionally, NCGA President John Linder joined the group and shared leadership guidance and advice. The grower leaders will meet again for Session 2 in Washington, D.C.
CommonGround: Helping Consumers Say Goodbye to Mom Guilt
Key Issues: Consumer Engagement
Women from farms across the country, along with state and national staff, came together last week for this year's CommonGround Summit. Over the course of two days, attendees participated in experiences that built skills, sparked insights, and fostered ideas that will empower the volunteers in their efforts and energize the program as a whole. Through presentations from experts and group exercises, participants and honed the skills that they use to share their personal story. Highlights included a look at Building Bridges on Tricky Topics with Roxi Beck of the Center for Food Integrity (CFI) and a consumer panel featuring a diverse group of local moms, led by Allyson Perry, also of CFI. The diverse group of local consumer moms shared their concerns and the personal experiences that influence them, in an open, honest manner. As the moderator and volunteers brought forth questions that scratched beneath the surface, the common concerns that bother families everywhere and...
NCGA Staff and Growers Share Corns Sustainability Story at Cattlemen's Convention
Key Issues: SustainabilityAnimal Agriculture
The National Corn Growers Association (NCGA) participated in the recent National Cattlemen's Beef Association (NCBA) 2021 Cattlemen's Convention and NCBA Trade Show, engaging with leaders of the organization to share corn's sustainability story. NCGA President John Linder and NCGA CEO Jon Doggett were invited to present during NCBA's executive committee meeting to share NCGA's recently unveiled sustainability goals and report. Members of the Market Development Action Team (MDAT) had additional meetings throughout the convention with NCBA and Cattlemen Beef Board (CBB) leadership. "It is very important to engage with our animal ag partners, especially cattle producers as beef cattle are one of our largest customers," said Bob Hemesath, Iowa farmer and MDAT Chair. "It was great to share our work and talk about opportunities to partner together in the future. We have built a great relationship with NCBA, and I look forward to continuing to collaborate with cattle...
Biofuel and Farm Group Intervenors File Petition for Rehearing of D.C Circuit RVP Decision
Growth Energy, the National Corn Growers Association (NCGA), and the Renewable Fuels Association (RFA) filed a petition for rehearing with the D.C. Circuit Court of Appeals regarding the recent American Fuel & Petrochemical Manufacturers, et al. vs. EPA decision, in which the court vacated a 2019 regulation allowing year-round sales of a fifteen percent ethanol fuel blend (E15). The petition asks the full court to rehear the case because of significant legal errors in the three-judge panel's decision, handed down on July 2nd. Together, the three national organizations stated: "If allowed to stand, this court's decision to vacate EPA's rulemaking to allow E15 to be sold year-round will have devastating consequences for the market expansion of homegrown biofuels. Petitioning for a rehearing is a critical next step in giving biofuel producers and farmers a fair shot in the marketplace and providing American drivers with better access to cleaner fuel choices. We are hopeful that...
MLB at Field of Dreams Presented by GEICO Goes Down Tonight
Lovers of all things corn, baseball and America are in for a real treat tonight when the Chicago White Sox play the New York Yankees in the MLB at Field of Dreams game presented by GEICO. The game will be played at a newly constructed ballpark adjacent to the Field of Dreams movie site in Dyersville, Iowa and broadcast nationally on FOX. "This is the first time two professional sports franchises will play a game in a field of corn. This is a big stage, and America's corn farmers will be proud of how America's crop will be portrayed tonight," said NCGA President John Linder, a corn farmer from Ohio. NCGA's partnership of this event is made possible through the generous support of the Illinois Corn Marketing Board (ICMB)and the Iowa Corn Promotion Board (ICPB). Tune in to your local FOX affiliate at 6:00 pm CDT to watch it.
Upcoming RFD-TV Cattlemen to Cattlemen Episode Explores the Sustainable Synergies between Corn and Beef Production
Beef and Corn: Working Together in a Sustainable System is the topic of the upcoming panel show on the National Cattlemen Beef Association's (NCBA) series Cattlemen to Cattlemen on RFD-TV. Panelists will discuss sustainability practices on their farms, the benefits of next-generation feed products, how the ethanol industry has impacted corn and beef producers, and more. The episode was filmed at the Certified Angus Beef headquarters in Wooster, Ohio with panelists from the National Corn Growers Association (NCGA), NCBA, and Certified Angus Beef (CAB). "It is important for corn farmers and beef producers to work together so both industries remain sustainable, both environmentally and economically, for the years to come," said NCGA President John Linder. "Beef cattle is one of our largest customers. One out of four bushels of added corn demand is due to beef and pork exports, with the beef industry providing $5.7 billion in corn value and consuming 1.2 billion bushels of grain....
NCGA: Passage of Senate Infrastructure Bill a Positive Development that Would Benefit Farmers
The National Corn Growers Association (NCGA) applauds the U.S. Senate for today's passage of the bipartisan infrastructure package, which includes investments in important areas to corn growers. "This is a once-in-a-lifetime investment in America's infrastructure, and we are extremely pleased that it includes funding for priorities that are important to farmers and rural America," said President of the National Corn Growers Association John Linder. "The legislation will benefit agriculture for years to come, and it is encouraging for corn farmers to see Senators working together on a bipartisan basis." Among the items included in the bill: $17.3 billion for the nation's ports and inland waterways. With 60% of corn exports utilizing these waterways, NCGA and coalition partners have a track record of advocating for these key resources. $65 billion for broadband internet access, including $2 billion specifically for rural broadband, which will provide more farmers...
Angus R. Kelly Joins NCGA as Director of Trade and Biotechnology
The National Corn Growers Association (NCGA) is pleased to announce that Angus R. Kelly has joined NCGA as the Director of Public Policy, Trade and Biotechnology. In his new role, Angus will be responsible for lobbying Congress and providing expert counsel to NCGA leaders, members and key stakeholders. "Angus's experience and expertise will be extremely valuable to us as we advocate on behalf of corn growers," said Brooke Appleton, NCGA's Vice President of Public Policy. "He is steeped in the intricacies of international trade and has extensive experience working on biotechnology, both of which are crucial issues to farmers. He will play an important role in helping us navigate these issues on Capitol Hill and with international stakeholders." Angus spent over a decade with Syngenta, a leading global provider of agricultural science and technology, working first as a lobbyist in the nation's capital and then in leadership roles with the company in the European Union, Hawaii...
Biofuel and Ag Leaders Call for Accountable Life Cycle Analysis for SAF Tax Credits
On Friday, Growth Energy, American Farm Bureau Federation, National Biodiesel Board, National Corn Growers Association, National Farmers Union, and the Renewable Fuels Association sent a letter to the U.S. Senate Committee on Finance and the U.S. House of Representatives Committee on Ways and Means outlining its recommendations for a sound and effective sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) tax credit. In an effort to decarbonize transportation and reduce aviation emissions, Congress is considering new legislation to establish a tax credit to promote and develop robust domestic SAF production. To be successful, the ag and biofuels coalition notes in their letter, the tax credit must be based on accurate carbon accounting in life cycle analysis (LCA) led by the U.S. Department of Energy: "Numerous members of our respective organizations are poised to produce SAF or sustainable feedstocks for SAF. Many others are looking to work toward participation in the full value chain in the...
NCGA: Ethanol Crucial in Helping President Meet Emission Reduction Goals
President Biden today announced proposed revisions to the vehicle fuel efficiency and emissions standards through model-year 2026 and a non-binding executive order setting a goal of making half of new vehicles sold in 2030 electric or plug-in hybrid electric vehicles. Automakers have previously announced similar goals. "Time is of the essence if we're going to meet the President's ambitious goals for reducing emissions," said John Linder, president of the National Corn Growers Association. "The good news is we don't have to wait until 2030 for new vehicles and technologies to reduce emissions. Thanks to today's ethanol, we can use fuel available right now, in the vehicles we're all driving today, to make a difference." Using higher volumes of ethanol is an immediate way to lower greenhouse gas emissions, and more low-carbon liquid fuels will be needed to decarbonize transportation on a timely and affordable basis, Linder added. "We encourage policymakers to focus more...
Open Comment Period on Corn's Continuous Commitment Ends August 8
On June 8 of this year, The National Corn Growers Association (NCGA) released its U.S. Corn Sustainability Goals and the first U.S. Corn Sustainability Report. The release of both the report and the sustainability goals is the culmination of an 18-month, farmer-led process; the report documents a long history of continuous improvement by U.S. corn farmers and the goals set targets for further progress over the next decade. Looking back over more than the last decade, corn farmers across the country have adopted practices to defend against soil erosion, improve water quality and water use, and manage resources and nutrients through continuous improvements found in modern farming. From 1980 – 2015: More corn is being produced on less land. The amount of land required to produce a bushel of corn decreased by 41%. Per bushel, energy use decreased by 41%, and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions decreased by 31%. Through the adoption of practices that reduce soil erosion,...
#FOMO: Enter Yield Contest Today
Don't feel like you missed your chance this year. Be a part of the fun and enter the National Corn Growers Association by the August 18, 2021 deadline. "Summer seems to be slipping away again this year. But, don't let your chance to share in good-natured competition with your fellow farmers slip away too," said NCGA Member and Consumer Engagement Action Team Chair Lowell Neitzel, a farmer from Kansas. "The contest provides entrants and the industry much more than a showcase for improvements, excellence and accomplishments. Entrants add to a pool of knowledge that will help farming evolve and meet tomorrow's demands. Many also become engaged in NCGA's work and help create change as grassroots advocates for corn farmers." To enter today using the online form, click here. The online harvest form will be available on August 19. Harvest results must be submitted no later than two weeks after harvest or by November 30, 2021, whichever is the earlier date. Contest winners...


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Q: number of integer points inside a triangle and its area Let $T$ be a triangle in $\mathbb{R}^2$ defined by $y = \alpha x$, $y = \beta$ and $x = \gamma$ where
$\alpha, \beta, \gamma \in \mathbb{R}_{>0}$. I am interested in obtaining an estimate for the number of integral points inside (either within or on the boundaries) of $T$ which I denote $N$. A simple computation yields
$$
N = Area(T) + E
$$
with
$$
|E| \ll |\gamma - \frac{\beta}{\alpha}| + |\beta - \alpha \gamma|
$$
in other words $E$ is bounded by the sum of the two side lengths. Are there ways to get better upper bound than this? Any comments are appreciated.

A: The bound on $|E|$ can certainly be improved: $|E|\le|E|$; so, we get the "perfect" (but completely useless) upper bound, $|E|$, on $|E|$.
To make the problem meaningful, we need to specify the terms in which the upper bound is to be expressed. Counting the unit squares intersecting the boundary of the triangle, it is easy to see that
$$|E|\ll s:=a+b+1,$$
where $a$ and $b$ are the lengths of the horizontal and vertical sides of the right triangle (in terms of your $\alpha,\beta,\gamma$, we have $a=|\gamma-\beta/\alpha|$  and $b=|\beta-\alpha\gamma|$; your bound is missing "$+1$"). Note that $s>1$.
Let us show that $s$ is the best (up to a constant factor) upper bound on $|E|$ in terms of $s$. Indeed, take any real $s>1$ and consider the right triangle $T$ with vertices $(0,0),(0,a),(a,a)$, where $a:=(s-1)/2>0$, so that $a+a+1=s$. Then the area of $T$ is $A=a^2/2$ and
the number $N$ of integral points that are either inside $T$ or on the boundary of $T$ is the number of pairs $(i,j)$ of integers such that $0\le i\le j\le a$. The latter triple inequality can be rewritten as $0\le i\le j\le n$, where $n:=\lfloor a\rfloor\ge0$, so that $n\le a<n+1$. So, $N=(n+1)(n+2)/2$ and $A<(n+1)^2/2$. Hence,
$$|E|=|N-A|=N-A \\
>\frac{(n+1)(n+2)}2-\frac{(n+1)^2}2 \\
=\frac{n+1}2\ge\frac{2(n+1)+1}6>\frac{2a+1}6=\frac s6.$$
Thus, the best upper bound on $|E|$ in terms of $s$ is $\,\asymp s$, as claimed.

Working a bit harder, one can show that $|E|\le s$. So, the best upper bound on $|E|$ in terms of $s$ is between $s/6$ and $s$.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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Yiannopoulos threatens to amp up 'blatant cultural appropriation' at upcoming Yale lecture
Brian Ledtke | Campus Reform Intern
Friday, April 8, 2016 2:13 PM
Controversial Breitbart editor and speaker, Milo Yiannopoulos, is threatening to amp up the "blatant cultural appropriation" by appearing in traditional Native American garb for his "Most Dangerous Faggot" tour at Yale University in October in response to an intense debate that raged on Yale's campus last Halloween between students and faculty.
[RELATED: Yale administrators succumb to anti-speech activists]
The controversy began last October when the Intercultural Affairs Committee sent a campus-wide email telling students to avoid wearing offensive Halloween costumes. Yale associate master Erika Christakis sent a reply arguing in favor of free speech even though it occasionally causes offense.
"Even if we could agree on how to avoid offense—and I'll note that no one around campus seems overly concerned about the offense taken by religiously conservative folks to skin-revealing costumes—I wonder, and I am not trying to be provocative: Is there no room anymore for a child or young person to be a little bit obnoxious…a little bit inappropriate or provocative or, yes, offensive?" Christakis wrote.
Students took umbrage to her email and began demanding Christakis' resignation, culminating to a confrontation caught on video in which her husband is surrounded by angry students demanding that he and his wife apologize.
[RELATED: Yale admin. may leave to teach preschoolers who 'don't try to get you fired']
"It appears to me sad that the free lunacy of progressives is taking even America's best universities, and it seems to me the best way to deal with this culture of outrage is to be outrageous," Yiannopoulos told the Yale Daily News, "These are ridiculous people who deserve to be provoked."
Even though the event is still months away, students are already voicing their displeasure.
Kyle Ranieri, house manager of Yale's Native American Cultural Center (NACC), said that if Yiannopoulos speaks in full Native American garb it would be "blatant cultural appropriation."
"They worry a lot about cultural appropriation but have never actually read a book. They don't know anything about cultures they're supposedly protecting on someone else's behalf, so I will educate them. And I'll do so looking fabulous," Yiannopoulos explained in an interview with The Tab.
Kodi Alvord, a member of NACC, told the News that Yiannopoulos shouldn't be allowed to come at all.
"It's insulting; people are upset; and it's disappointing and surprising that someone who is so unqualified to debate something which should not be debated anyway can profit off their own ignorance and arrogance and spread those misconceptions," Alvord said.
Over the course of his tour, Yiannopoulos has encountered a wake of angry, rowdy, fake blood smearing, sobbing protesters, with one student even facing impeachment for inviting Yiannopoulos to his campus.
Yiannopoulos told the News that he plans on speaking about how there is no such thing as cultural appropriation, adding that, "Cultures are being stamped out by progressives who say they want to protect them."
He encourages the students who disagree with him to debate with him and that he is open to being convinced.
"Come with an argument. Come with a real question. Challenge me intellectually. If you believe that cultural appropriation is a problem, that it's racist, that people shouldn't do it, come and explain why," Yiannopoulos toldThe Tab.
While many students are already getting worked up, Mohit Sani told the News that he hopes people will listen to Yiannopoulos' ideas and realize that intolerance can't be justified, no matter the cause.
"There was much 'moral superiority' and 'bitterness' last fall, because many members of the racial injustice movement were sure they were right," Sani said, but also agreeing that Yiannopoulos' planned costume may not be the most appropriate.
Ranieri agrees that this dialogue is important but says Yiannopoulos shouldn't be the one to have it.
"To have an open conversation on these topics does not require someone who is ignorant of different cultures and their relation to speech," Ranieri explained to the News, "In fact, I believe Milo's presence is counterproductive to important dialogue on diverse cultures and speech."
Follow the author of this article on Twitter: @brianledtke
Brian Ledtke
Campus Reform Intern

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MAS Grants Coinbase In-Principle Approval to Offer Crypto Services in Singapore
by Fintechnews Singapore October 11, 2022
Cryptocurrency exchange platform Coinbase announced that it has received in-principle approval from the Monetary Authority of Singapore (MAS) to to provide Digital Payment Token (DPT) services in the island state.
Singapore has served as Coinbase's Asia Pacific hub as the firm has been building its presence there and has employed close to 100 employees comprised mostly of product engineers.
Prior to the approval, Coinbase was already operating in Singapore under an exemption from the regulator.
Now that it has secured the in-principle approval, Coinbase will be reaching out to local partners as well as expand its fiat capabilities.
According to Cointelegraph, some of the local partnerships that Coinbase is eyeing includes the Association of Crypto Currency Enterprises and Start-ups Singapore (ACCESS) and the Singapore Fintech Association (SFA).
Hassan Ahmed
The report quoted Hassan Ahmed, CEO of Coinbase Singapore saying,
"We collaborate with industry associations to promote dialogue with policymakers, and ensure balanced regulations, and a pragmatic approach to regulatory framework for digital assets.
On the employment side, crypto as an industry is exciting but often confusing, so we are working with career exploration non-profits like advisory.sg to provide guidance to their members."
He added that Coinbase plans to expand its offerings in Southeast Asia as it is a "crypto-forward region with a lot of demand for holding and using crypto in markets such as the Philippines and Indonesia, as well as a hotbed of innovation for trends like Web3 gaming such as Vietnam".
Less than a week ago, Coinbase announced that it had been incorporated as a local entity in Australia. The crypto firm had also obtained registration and enrolment with the Australian Transaction Reports and Analysis Centre (AUSTRAC) to provide digital currency exchange services.
Here is a list of all the licensed crypto providers in Singapore.
Related Crypto Articles
Similar Posts From Crypto Category
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This summer is apparently the summer of roasting adventures. AKA this is the summer that I try roasting all sorts of random sweets on the old grill.
It's kind of fun, really. As of now, I've tried Peeps, home-grown strawberries, traditional marshmallows, and glazed donut holes.
Donut holes. No question about it. The cake gets warm (like a cake right out of the oven!) and the glaze frosting kinda caramelizes.
I didn't intend for this to be a blog post, so I only have photos of the roasting process itself (no prep photos, sorry!). But all you need are some skewers, a grill (or fire of some sort), and a box of glazed donut holes. Fortunately, it's pretty self-explanatory.
And delicious. Did I mention that already?
It was! That's too bad you don't have a place to grill. Fortunately, normal donut holes are still a sweet treat!


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Michael Anderle discusses what he's doing with his shared world in the Kurtherian Gambit universe, what he's doing with Justin in the Reclaiming Honor series of this world (starting with Justice is Calling, Dec 8 2016), and more!
What's the advantage for the author?
How is this better or different vs. Kindle Worlds?
How do other authors contributing to the world benefit?
WANT SNIPPETS OF JUSTICE IS CALLING? CHECK THEM OUT ON JUSTIN'S SITE!


Car number plates were written into UK law as long ago as 1904 when an official vehicle register was created and all vehicles required to display alphanumeric plates. A lot of things have changed since then, with the far more random combinations of numbers replaced by a standard system back in the sixties.
Originally the alphanumeric characters on a number plate were displayed in silver on a black background and this remained so right up until 1968 when the current reflective plates were introduced, initially as an option.
As of 1975, reflective plates became standard with white on the front and yellow on the rear. Any vehicle first registered before 1st January 1975 may still carry black plates, but they're not permitted on later vehicles. Starting with the introduction of the current vehicle registration system in September 2001, all car number plates must conform to a standard typeface with characters of uniform size.
What Do the Characters Mean?
The current registration system is not a random selection of letters and numbers; it's a fixed system with each character serving a purpose. This follows on from the previous system introduced in 1962, which provided a year of registration indicator in addition to the local identifier that had always existed.
On modern car number plates, the first two letters provide the local identifier. The first letter identifies the region in which the vehicle was registered, whilst the second letter indicates the town within that region. The two numbers that follow are the age identifier, which changes twice a year.
The front half of the year starting each March takes the number of the current year so '18' for 2018. The back half of the year beginning in September will add '50' to this number so a vehicle registered after September 2018 will be '68.' The remaining three letters represent the serial number of the vehicle in question – a unique identifier.
The use of a system such as this serves a number of purposes. Having three distinct groups of characters mean individual parts of the registration are much more memorable, so just giving a part of the plate makes it much easier for the police to track a vehicle down. The numbers also make it possible for a potential buyer to quickly ascertain the age of the vehicle without having to look it up.
It is of course permitted to personalise your car number plates. Personalised number plates are available in any combination of characters that match one of the systems in previous use, conditional on the year numbers being in the past. This means you can get your own plates to match your initials or spell out your name if you want to. All you have to do is buy your number of choice through the DVLA, and the plates themselves can be purchased from an authorised retailer.
If you've got yourself a personalised number plate or simply damaged your existing plates contact Autoworld for a set of new UK number plates at the right price. We offer high quality number plates including 3D gel number plates to our customers in Bolton, Bury, Manchester, Wigan and nearby areas.


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Home » Supplementation » BCAA vs EAA: Which Should You Take?
BCAA vs EAA: Which Should You Take?
Jessica Eldridge
Branched-chain Amino Acids (BCAAs) are popular supplements for improving gym and workout performance. The recent prominence of EAAs can be explained by new research and understanding of how BCAAs work.
BCAAs are best for people who already have adequate levels of EAAs in order to facilitate and complete muscle protein synthesis. EAAs, on the other hand, consist of the nine essential amino acids, including BCAAs. EAA supplements are best for people with diet restrictions or people who cannot meet their daily recommended dosages of amino acids.
This article will define and explain BCAAs and EAAs in relation to the process of muscle protein synthesis. It will also discuss the unique role of BCAAs in muscle protein synthesis and why it cannot complete this process without the other EAAs. Lastly, it will explain instances where BCAA intake is sufficient as well as instances where EAA intake is more appropriate.
What are EAAs and BCAAs?
The 20 amino acids are composed of 11 non-essential and 9 essential amino acids. Essential amino acids (EAAs) are the type of amino acids that the body cannot synthesize on its own, but it can get through external means, particularly food.
The nine amino acids are tryptophan, histidine, phenylalanine, threonine, methionine, lysine, valine, leucine, and isoleucine. Among these nine EAAs, the three branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) are leucine, isoleucine, and valine. These three BCAAs perform the distinct role in cultivating muscle protein synthesis or production of cells for muscle mass gain.
Essentially, BCAAs are also EAAs.
EAAs are crucial elements in muscle protein synthesis, preventing catabolic state or muscle breakdown and spurring muscle recovery after a workout. They also increase the basal metabolic rate (BMR) which is an important factor in weight loss. EAA supplements provide a similar stimulus for growth as whey protein supplements.
Aside from physiological growth, EAAs also perform several assistive functions including: hormone regulation, cognitive and neurological health, metabolism, and enzyme production. EAAs histidine and threonine also help boost the immune system by fighting free radicals and keeping the endocrine system in check. They also promote better mood and sleep.
BCAAs are a particular type of EAA because of their molecular structure. This specific type of EAA contains an aliphatic side chain where a central carbon atom binds to three or more other carbon atoms.
BCAAs valine and isoleucine perform a unique function of providing an alternative energy source for the body during workouts as the body's glycogen supply is depleted.
People can take EAAs and BCAAs throughout the day, but it is best used as a pre-workout or intra-workout supplement. The effects of amino acids are at its peak 30 minutes after consumption, but the effects also diminish quickly.
Anabolic State vs Catabolic State
The protein in the human body constantly gets broken down as new protein cells emerge. This leads to either muscle growth or muscle breakdown.
When the number of created proteins exceeds the number of broken-down proteins, this leads to an anabolic state where the body facilitates muscle protein synthesis or the creation of more muscle mass.
However, when the number of broken-down protein exceeds the number of created proteins, this causes a catabolic state or muscle protein breakdown where there is a reduction of muscle mass.
Physical exercise shifts the body towards muscle protein breakdown through the tearing of muscle fibers. The amino acids in the body repair the muscle fibers and produce new ones which increases overall muscle mass over time.
Benefits of BCAA
BCAAs provide additional energy supply by enhancing glycogen synthesis as well as glucose uptake by the liver and skeletal muscle. The muscles utilize the circulatory BCAAs in the human body.
The depletion of BCAAs in the body can lead to a reduction of tryptophan supply for the brain. Tryptophan is responsible for promoting good serotonin levels in the brain which improves mood.
It also functions as a modulator of muscle protein synthesis to facilitate muscle recovery and growth after a workout.
The BCAA leucine functions as the trigger for the mammalian target of rapamycin or mTOR pathway which initiates the process of muscle protein synthesis. Taking a minimum of 1.8 grams of leucine during or after workouts can improve the facilitation of muscle protein synthesis.
According to the Essentials of Strength Training and Conditioning, the muscles utilize amino acids better during the first 48 hours after workout. The Frontiers of Psychology also stated that taking BCAAs after a workout can improve muscle protein synthesis by up to 22%.
Aside from supplements, BCAAs can also be acquired through whole foods including meat, poultry, beans, and brown rice. According to McCance and Widdowson, 100g of chicken breast contains 2.44g of isoleucine, 2.34g of leucine, and 1.5g of valine for a total of 5.28g of BCAAs.
New Research on the Drawbacks of BCAAs
Recent studies have discovered certain properties of the BCAAs in relation to the other remaining EAAs. While it is true that BCAAs activate the mTOR to facilitate muscle protein synthesis, EAAs are equally essential to the process of muscle protein synthesis.
The previous rationale for taking BCAA supplements was to supply ample amounts of BCAA sinto the body in order to shorten the catabolic state and transition quickly to the anabolic state.
The previous understanding of the activation of the anabolic state is when the amount of protein generated exceeds the amount of protein broken down. EAAs ensure that protein generated is greater than the protein being broken down which activates the anabolic state.
However, new research has shown that anabolic state can also be activated through inhibiting muscle protein breakdown, which is BCAA's primary function. New research has also shown that BCAAs perform anabolic signaling through inhibition of muscle protein breakdown. Meaning, the body's anabolic state requires sufficient amounts of EAAs in the body.
Without a sufficient supply of EAAs in the body, muscle protein synthesis and mass gain will not materialize. To compensate for the lack of circulatory EAAs in the body, BCAAs are forced to catabolize on existing protein in the body to produce EAAs, leading to muscle protein breakdown.
Thus, BCAAs cannot work alone in completing muscle protein synthesis. BCAAs activate the anabolic state through anabolic signaling, but the anabolic process requires EAAs to fuel muscle protein synthesis.
The Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition also stated that an abundance of the full spectrum of EAA, rather than BCAAs alone, is necessary for completing muscle protein synthesis.
Are EAAs Better than BCAAs?
The popularity of BCAAs is founded on the assumption that the body usually has enough supply of EAAs as they are easily gained through food. BCAAs are only intended as supplements to facilitate muscle protein synthesis.
However, some people are not able to meet their daily amino acid needs due to an unhealthy diet. Meeting the daily amino acid needs is even more difficult if an individual is on a restrictive diet.
Since animal protein is a richer source of amino acids compared with plant protein, vegans and vegetarians usually miss two or three basic EAAs and therefore need supplementation to meet their amino acid requirements. The average daily dosage for EAAs should be around 10-15 grams per day.
The International Society of Sports Nutrition (ISSN) also stated that active adults weighing around 150 pounds need around 95 to 136 grams of protein per day. People meeting this dietary recommendation usually have sufficient EAAs in their bodies.
People with sufficient EAAs gained through their diet can benefit from using BCAAs as their post- and intra-workout supplement. The EAAs gained through food is enough to prevent the BCAAs from catabolizing existing EAAs in the body.
However, for people who do not meet the ISSN dietary requirement or those who want to work out while fasting, EAAs will provide sufficient EAAs and BCAAs to facilitate and complete muscle protein synthesis.
https://www.hindawi.com/
https://jissn.biomedcentral.com/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/
http://www.humankinetics.com/
BCAA Image credit Marco Verch under Creative Commons 2.0
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The one-man shelters that many of Japan's homeless construct from heavy blue tarpaulins can be found in parks, under bridges, and along river banks.
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I think that Hitachi Gusto Yahoo Gourmet rating is a bit unfair. It sounds like the service was above and beyond all expectations!