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Teen Mom: The Most Insane Feuds in Franchise History! Ranked!
by Free Britney at December 26, 2017 2:43 pm . Updated at October 23, 2021 11:56 am .
From on-camera brawls to social media feuds and legal threats, the cast of Teen Mom and Teen Mom 2 sure know how to go hard.
Engagements. Breakups. Marriages. Babies.
Moments that made you cringe 'cause they were so painful, or smile ear-to-ear. Scenes that were fights, or made you fight back tears.
The franchise really does have it all, and as such, it's become one of the most entertaining in the history of the reality TV genre.
Below, we look back at some of the MTV gang's most explosive feuds, and however you might rank them, this much is undeniable:
Way back then. Not so way back then. Last year. Last month. Last week. Probably right now. There is no shortage of beef.
NOTE: We've saved the craziest for last, so we suggest that you a deep breath, sit back, grab a hat and hold the f--k onto it …
37. Briana DeJesus vs. Leah Messer (and Others)
When Briana DeJesus joined the Teen Mom 2 cast in 2017, she was not welcomed with open arms. In fact, she quickly became persona non grata at her first get-together with the cast - with one exception. Jenelle Evans, Briana said, "is the only one who was acting like her s--t ain't stink. Plus she was the only one who wasn't acting fake and choosing sides." Leah Messer's response was to "pay no attention to those who try to bring you down … they're just envious of where you are and how well you're doing." As we'll get to in a bit, relations haven't exactly gotten more amicable since.
36. Maci Bookout vs. Taylor McKinney
Maci Bookout and Taylor McKinney's relationship has produced three kids, and they seem very happily married ... most of the time. Like, 85 percent of the time. Bookout alarmed fans with the confession a few years ago that revealed some trouble in paradise: "Eighty-five percent of the time we're good to go … Fifteen percent is hell. All of our stress and emotions, we take out on each other. When the cameras leave, we'll drink and freak out. It's always literally the smallest things. It's such small stuff but it blows up. It's not going to go away." Yikes ... but at least they've had plenty of time to work on things?
35. Jenelle Evans vs. Chelsea Houska
So Jenelle has this weird thing about Chelsea -- she accused her of copying her because she made a website for herself after she'd already made her own, because making a website is something totally special and unique. She also kind of accused Chelsea of copying her when she gave birth to Watson the day after Jenelle gave birth to Ensley, which is just wild. On another occasion, Jenelle went off about Chelsea ignoring her older daughter, Aubree, after having Watson, insinuating that she's a bad mother. Chelsea liked a tweet from someone who called Jenelle "pathetic" for bringing up Aubree, which is pretty much the most she's ever participated in this feud.
34. Kailyn Lowry vs. Barbara Evans
This one is pretty weird -- one time Babs "jokingly" threatening to "kill Kail" during an Instagram Live session with Jenelle. Lowry was understandably not amused and threatened to quit the show over Barbara's threats. That didn't happen, of course, and it's no longer an issue since Jenelle and her family are no longer on the show, but how bizarre, right?
33. Jeremy Calvert vs. Brooke Wehr
Brooke Wehr was never a Teen Mom 2 cast member, but due to her mercurial relationship with Jeremy Calvert, her impact was felt just the same. A few years ago, the couple's engagement ended after Brooke accused Jeremy of cheating on her with multiple women, one being a Teen Mom 2 producer, another being her best friend, and a third possibly being his ex-wife Leah Messer. Brooke even shared a screen shot of a text message conversation between Jeremy and the best friend as proof, while Calvert responded in a drunken stupor that yes, maybe he did sleep with Brooke's best friend, but ... only because Wehr slept with some other guy first. Or, as he put it, Brooke was "f-cking his brains out, every day," and he was single, so "my dick was happy to do whatever the f-ck it wanted to do, and it did." Shocking that these two didn't work out ... but neither party was completely off base with their allegations. Just saying. Jeremy and Leah did hook up.
32. Briana DeJesus vs. Luis Miguel
Briana hooked up with Luis in a bathroom while she was drunk, and she got pregnant. They tried to make a relationship work, but he cheated on her and was generally just not great. He's never really been around for their daughter, Stella, but he did come back around a couple of years ago for a bit. Briana even decided to give him another shot -- except this time, she got the clap. So yeah, they're not on the best terms.
31. Briana DeJesus vs. Devoin Austin
Devoin is the father of Nova, Briana's first child, and it really feels like they've never gotten along. She complains about everything he says and does, and he gets back at her by doing things like posting her private phone number on Instagram. Sometimes they seem to get along OK for the sake of the kids, but she'll probably always have something negative to say about him.
30. Kailyn Lowry vs. Javi Marroquin
This feud has been going on for years, but has taken on many new forms due to ever-changing circumstances and new tensions. The main point of contention for a while was Javi's relationship with Briana DeJesus, who came on board the cast of Teen Mom 2 in 2017 amid a lot of controversy. Bri and Kail are bitter rivals (more on that later), so it's not surprising that Ms. Lowry would take issue with DeJesus hooking up with her ex ... or proposing to her. Kail was so salty over Javi's new relationship that she even canceled plans to collaborate on a pair of memoirs with Marroquin. Despite all of that, these two were doing OK with coparenting for a while, but then she revealed that he'd asked her several times to hook up, which led to Javi's fiancée leaving him, which wasn't great for their friendship. They were rumored to be hooking up for a bit, but that seems to be over. Very hot and cold, these two.
29. Jenelle Evans vs. Leah Messer
Jenelle and Leah used to be friendly, but then things changed -- possibly because Leah became so close with Jenelle's mortal enemy, Kailyn Lowry. Jenelle has thrown plenty of jabs at Leah on social media, like the time she claimed CPS removed the twins from Leah's care and that there were more shocking details about all that that no one knows about. She's also criticized Leah for allowing her daughter to wear makeup and short skirts for cheerleading, and most recently, she made some shady tweets about Leah's recent reveal of her past drug addiction. As for Leah, she doesn't really seem to pay too much attention to anything Jenelle's ever said about her, although she did speak out after David killed Nugget, Jenelle's dog.
28. Jenelle Evans vs. Farrah Abraham
There was a time when Jenelle and Farrah were friends, but no more -- to be honest, both ladies seem to have trouble maintaining friendships with anyone. Jenelle has made remarks about Farrah's plastic surgery and her adult entertainment ventures, and Farrah has called Jenelle out on her bad parenting and her horrific taste in men. After Jenelle left David last year, Farrah offered her support, then ultimately decided to block her on social media because it's none of her business.
27. Cheyenne Floyd vs. Jenelle Evans
Jenelle didn't like Cheyenne from the moment MTV announced she was joining the cast of Teen Mom OG because of some tweets she'd made about white people several years ago. But the feud really started last year when Jenelle made a comment about Amber Portwood's assault charges -- Cheyenne tweeted that Jenelle "should be the last person throwing shade." Jenelle told her that she had no clue what she was talking about, then Cheyenne hit back with "Coming from the real racist, dog killer, abuser and honestly the most unstable individual I've witnessed.. GREAT STATEMENT.. get custody of ALL your kids and stay out of court before you talk about me." Jenelle tried to come back from that by calling her a "replacement," but Cheyenne said "And you're fired... soooo?" Beautiful.
26. Mackenzie Standifer vs. MTV
Mackenzie has often criticized the network that made her a D-list star -- she once blasted both MTV itself and Teen Mom viewers who have been critical of her relationship with Ryan, particularly her decision to let him drive to their wedding while he was so high that he lost consciousness behind the wheel. "It's easy to show the 'half truth' and portray it as a whole," Mackenzie wrote in a lengthy social media tirade. "But that's ok because regardless of what happens, whether right or wrong, you're considered scum." She's also accused MTV of making her and her husband look bad with editing, but we'd argue that Ryan has always made himself look bad just because of who he is as a person. As of now they're no longer filming, so this shouldn't be an issue anymore, but we're sure she still has a lot to say about it all!
25. Jenelle Evans vs. David Eason's Sister
Jenelle Evans' relationship with David Eason has been suspect from the start, even to members of their inner circle - and their own families. One of the loudest voices of disapproval of Jenelle is David Eason's sister. Her complaints were nothing new - Jenelle's a bad mom, a violent criminal, a drug addict, etc. But just because Jenelle's heard these criticisms before, that doesn't mean she took them lying down. In a public Facebook exchange that was at once amusing and horrifying, Jenelle tore into Jessica Eason Miller, accusing her of child abuse and hard drug addiction. Jess shot back by accusing Jenelle of going to great lengths to keep her numerous abortions a secret. Needless to say, these sisters-in-law won't be meeting up for cosmos anytime soon.
24. Jenelle Evans and Jenelle Evans' Lawyers vs. Literally Everyone Else
Following a slew of gossip stories shared by her co-stars a few years ago that she deemed unflattering, the Carolina Hurricane unleased her legal fury ... to widespread mockery. Jenelle sent cease-and-desist letters to a number of her co-stars, including Leah Messer, Chelsea Houska, and Chelsea's father, Randy Houska. She also took legal action against peripheral friends such as Ryan Dolph, and even her own mother, Barbara Evans. It's yet another reminder that Jenelle is not someone you want to mess with. Not because there's any legal merit to what she was alleging, but just because she's certifiably bonkers and when you kick a hornets' nest of that size, you open yourself up to all kinds of mayhem, bedlam and chaos.
23. Farrah Abraham vs. Tyler Baltierra and Catelynn Lowell
Farrah hasn't gotten along with her former co-stars for years, but on one memorable occasion, she hopped on Instagram to allege that Lowell is a closeted pothead and Baltierra is secretly gay. Yes, for real. Catelynn was unable to defend herself as she was in rehab at the time being treated for various emotional issues; Tyler simply dismissed Farrah's claims as the ravings of seriously unstable woman. Probably the best way to conduct one's self in that situation, but they don't always brush it off. Tyler later stirred the pot once more when he said MTV was right to fire Farrah for her porn career, to which Abraham responded with an iconic word salad in the third person.
22. Catelynn Lowell vs. Farrah Abraham
Catelynn has also attacked Farrah over the years - who could forget when she called her fellow Teen Mom a "hoe bag," or when she pretended not to know who Farrah was and instead started talking about Farrah Fawcett? What about the time that she charged out during Farrah's reunion fight with Amber yelling "TRASHY BITCH"? And then there was the time that Catelynn posted this just before Farrah's canceled boxing match with Hoopz. Stay classy, everyone!
21. Mackenzie Standifer vs. Ryan Edwards' Tinder Girl
This was a feud no one saw coming. Apparently Ryan was active on the dating app Tinder, despite the fact that he's, ya know ... married. When Mackenzie found out about this RIGHT AFTER they tied the knot, she was understandably not pleased. Catching your husband swiping and chatting with other chicks after you married him days earlier? Insane. But, instead of taking out her frustrations on Edwards himself, she decided to let loose on a random girl he was chatting with online. Edwards' Tinder Girl was the undisputed victor in this one, destroying Mackenzie's argument simply by stating, "Your husband is the one on Tinder." Enough said, really. Incredibly, they stayed married, Mackenzie got pregnant ... TWICE. To quote the legendary Kieffer Delp, "You know how choices be."
20. Jeremy Calvert vs. David Eason and Jenelle Evans
Jeremy has never been a fan of David and Jenelle -- he spoke out against the homophobic remarks that got David fired, and he got into a spat with Jenelle after she was shown pulling a gun on that guy (he called her a "dumb bitch" in case you forgot). Later, David commented on a photo that Jeremy shared to tell him that he looked "like a bitch," and Jeremy went off on him in a long rant that concluded with "keep f-cking with me and I'll fly my ass to nc and I'll show u what kind of bitch I am pretty boy." So yeah, they don't like each other.
19. Mackenzie McKee vs. Cheyenne Floyd
The two newest cast members of Teen Mom OG were friendly enough until January of 2021 when Mackenzie referred to Kamala Harris as a "colored woman" then insisted on getting forgiveness from Cheyenne, the only Black mom on the show. They both have different stories about what happened next, but they had a phone call that did not go well, and now Mackenzie feels like Cheyenne has turned the rest of the cast and the entire network against her.
18. Mackenzie Standifer (and Ryan Edwards) vs. Maci Bookout
Where do you even start with these three? Ryan and Maci have experienced their share of rough patches over the years as they've struggled to peaceably co-parent their son, Bentley, but in the past, they've always been able to sort out their differences eventually. But then Ryan started doing heroin and brought Mackenzie into the picture, and that's not really the case anymore. Maci thinks that Mackenzie enables Ryan, Mackenzie thinks that Maci stresses Ryan out -- it's a mess. The two ladies have said plenty of nasty things about each other over the years, while Ryan went in and out of jail and rehab. This year, Maci insisted that MTV fire Ryan and his entire family from the show, which they did, so we imagine tensions are higher than ever between them.
17. Farrah Abraham vs. MTV
Farrah has said a lot of things about the network that made her famous, like that time that she bizarrely claimed that MTV forces stars of the Teen Mom franchise to continue having children, even when they'd prefer not to. Abraham also accused the producers of encouraging Amber Portwood to attack her during their reunion show melee (more on that later), and even claimed she was fired from the network for partaking in "adult" pursuits on the side. Even more amazingly than the fact that she threw around the term "hate crimes" to describe how MTV treated her? The apparent fact that the folks who made her famous are actually willing to continue working with Farrah. Or were, until she finally got fired or quit, depending who you believe. With Farrah, every day is another day in the Post-Truth Era.
16. Javi Marroquin vs. Lauren Comeau ... and Kail!!
Where do we even begin with this? In late summer 2019, a 911 call was placed from Javi's home, following a dispute there. No charges were filed, but the truth came out. You see, Javi had recently gotten engaged to Lauren, with whom he welcomed his second son. Not long after that, he got busted cheating on her, banging one of the members of his CrossFit gym ... IN HIS BATHROOM while Lauren was asleep (or so he thought) IN THEIR HOME. As if that weren't crazy enough, he then called Kailyn to mediate; Kail later put him on blast, claiming he'd been cheating on Lauren back when she was pregnant and chastising him for wanting her to "clean up their mess." Don't worry, Javi posted a cheesy apology on Instagram, for everyone to see, and it was all good with Lauren after like 12 minutes ... until almost the exact same thing happened all over again. As we mentioned earlier, Kail revealed on a recent season of Teen Mom 2 that Javi had been trying to hook up with her, and after that episode aired, Lauren removed the photos of Javi from her Instagram and went home to Maine with their son. Later, Javi claimed that she had assaulted him and then she got a restraining order against him, but it kind of seems like they've made up for now?
15. Jenelle Evans and David Eason vs. Olivia Leedham
Olivia is David's ex and the mother of his son, Kaden -- the one that once had a restraining order against him and that he doesn't seem to ever see. Things ended very badly between them, with Olivia accusing David of being abusive, even while she was pregnant. They tried to smooth things over for the sake of their son, but once Olivia realized what a nightmare life on the Eason swamp was, that came to an end. They've been in and out of court for the past few years to deal with custody and because David often fails to pay child support, and after Olivia started a GoFundMe for help with the court fees, Jenelle and David publicly shared an old nude photo of her that David had held onto like a total creep. Olivia has since sued them, and we're still waiting to see how that turns out.
14. Farrah Abraham vs. Debra Danielsen
There's always been some seriously bad blood between Farrah and Debra -- remember that time that she hit her in the early days of Teen Mom OG? Deb forced Farrah to become a mother when she insisted she wasn't ready, she didn't support her after Sophia's father passed away, and she was just generally awful towards her. Things got so bad between them that at one point, Farrah said that she'd wished that her mother would "just f-cking die already." They've been estranged for a long time now, although Farrah does sometimes allow Deb to see Sophia.
13. Jenelle Evans vs. Barbara Evans
Jenelle Evans and her mother, Barbara, have always had a tumultuous relationship, with Babs unafraid to dish it out as much as she's forced to take it. In previous years, they would fight a lot and trade zingers (such as this classic image), then eventually put it behind them. For a good long while, Jenelle and Babs were at each other's throats more often than not, and the stakes couldn't have been higher. Barbara now has permanent custody of Jenelle's oldest son, Jace, and while Jenelle was cool with it for a while, she's back to the old "I'm going to get Jace back" routine. She's also made several comments recently about how terrible her childhood was, and how once the custody case is over, she'll reveal more. Can't wait!
12. Matt Baier vs. Amber Portwood
A while back, some random guy from Boston hit up a bunch of Teen Mom cast members on Twitter and Amber Portwood was the first one to reply, and that's how this love story began. Amber and Matt's relationship was always terrible -- he had all those kids that he didn't pay child support for and that he lied to her about, she was, you know, herself. She's claimed that he was abusive, and we definitely saw him be manipulative. Ultimately the relationship ended when he took a lie detector test and failed some questions about talking to other women ... but little did we know, Amber's most horrific relationship was yet to come.
11. Chelsea Houska vs. Adam Lind
Perhaps the longest-running feud of the franchise, Chelsea Houska and Adam Lind face off mostly through their lawyers these days, because the derelict of society can't stay out of trouble or pay child support. In recent years, he's failed drug tests with meth in his system, and he's also been arrested more than once for domestic violence. Because of all of that, he's only allowed to see his daughter with Chelsea at a visitation center or for lunch dates at her school (which he rarely seems to do), and he gave up his parental rights completely for his other daughter, Paislee.
10. Amber Portwood vs. Jenelle Evans
Amber and Jenelle have never interacted all that much since they were on different shows, but still, Amber felt the need to speak out after one of David's many abuse scandals -- she ranted about it on Instagram, calling him names like "bitch" and "disgusting clown." Jenelle told her to leave her family alone, and she also said "You're the one who went to jail for domestic violence but you're sitting here pointing fingers at my husband?" Amber then threatened to beat her up, because of course she did. Their feud was reignited months later when Jenelle started saying that it was unfair that she got fired when Amber got to keep her spot on the show. Amber never responded, but a source did report that "She doesn't feel the need to get into a feud with Jenelle with everything going on in the world right now."
9. Jenelle Evans vs. Kailyn Lowry
This feud has been going on for a long, long time, and it started back in the day when Jenelle needed Kailyn to post bail for her, but then she never paid her back. These two have traded insults over the years, and Jenelle was actually low enough to leak the news of Kail's pregnancy with Lux. Since then, they've been making snide remarks about each other on social media, with David even joining in to insult her about things like her weight and her sexuality. More recently, Jenelle took a break from her newfound body positivity to call Kail "a giant compared to me," and Kailyn hit back by saying that at least she has custody of all of her children. Then, just a few weeks ago, Jenelle admitted to looking up dirt on Kail and tipping of tabloids about what she'd found. Totally normal stuff, right?
8. Jenelle Evans (and David Eason) vs. Nathan Griffith
Nathan and Jenelle were terrible together, and things didn't change after they broke up. The big issue was that she didn't waste any time in getting with David, and David has always hated Nathan. Like, a lot. The feeling became mutual after a while, and Nathan started claiming that Kaiser had told him that David was abusive. Nathan once even tweeted photos of some suspicious bruises on Kaiser that he said were from David hitting him with a stick, but Jenelle turned it around, suggesting that Nathan was the abusive one. Nathan talked about getting custody of Kaiser for while, but out of nowhere, they settled out of court and then Nathan gifted David a Trump flag, so now they're all friends. Weird ending, huh?
7. Farrah Abraham vs. Amber Portwood: Reunion Beatdown Style!
Amber Portwood and Farrah Abraham's iconic beef may never be topped, at least in terms of how it came to a head on an MTV reunion special with the cameras rolling. It was pretty standard - or at least it was until Farrah said that Amber's then-boyfriend, Matt Baier, looks like a pedophile. With Farrah and her then-boyfriend, Simon Saran, just trolling Matt incessantly, Portwood hit her breaking point off camera. She stormed the stage, trying to fight Farrah, hurling insult after insult at her rival, and even throwing a punch that missed. Baier and Farrah's father, Michael, then got into it physically, forcing security to break it up. Crew members stormed the stage to pull Amber away from Farrah and it was all a mess. An epic, chaotic and glorious mess.
6. Farrah Abraham vs. Amber Portwood: The Aftermath
The bad blood from their epic reunion fight lingered long after the dust settled and only worsened in the years since.. Farrah said Gary Shirley should have full custody of Amber's daughter, and that Amber needs to stop "using me to get attention … I want nothing to do with [her] criminal behavior or lying evil groups of people [she associates] with." Fast forward to 2019, in the wake of Amber's arrest for assaulting Andrew Glennon (below), Farrah said again: "I do not speak to others who are very vulgar and abusive. I haven't spoken to her. I feel that children, adults, family members, everyone associated should be treated with care, love. And that's where the society and the world is going. I really hope that, not only Amber, but I hope Catelynn, I hope Maci… gets some help. They seriously need it." Vintage Farrah word salad.
5. Kailyn vs. Javi vs. Briana
This feud never really stops, but boy does it take more twists and turns than we can even count. Most notably, Javi started dating Briana, and even proposed to her in 2018, resulting in a lot of bitter feelings from Kailyn. THEN, he broke up with Briana and started dating Lauren Comeau ... who quickly became pregnant with his child, prompting more feelings from both Kailyn and Briana. THEN Kailyn revealed that after his split from Briana, but prior to him impregnating Lauren, Javi tried to bang Kailyn repeatedly. After that, it came out that Javi was actually juggling all three women at the same time. Who has the energy?
4. Kailyn Lowry vs. Briana DeJesus
One of the best, for obvious reasons. As we mentioned, Bri's was dating Kailyn's ex-husband, Javi Marroquin, a move that effectively drove a dagger into the heart of their friendship - whatever that consisted of. They had a very heated argument at one reunion, and at the next, they wanted to physically fight each other. First, Kail invited Briana for a private chat in a room backstage, but Briana left before things could get bad. Later, when it was time for all the girls to to onstage together, Briana tried to attack Kailyn, but security guards were able to keep them away from each other. They don't do reunions together anymore, but they do get sassy about each other on social media!
3. Kailyn Lowry vs. Chris Lopez
There's a lot here, so let's just breeze through, all right? Kailyn met Chris at college, she slept with him when she was still married to Javi, and he ended up impregnating her when the marriage was over. He was never around throughout the pregnancy, and she even said he had another girlfriend, though he did show up for the birth and for a little while after. Kail has said that things went bad a few months later, and she's even claimed that he broke into her house and broke a window in her bedroom at that time. Still, she had a big thing for them, and they hooked up every now and then. Eventually, he got her pregnant again, and she soon got an order of protection against him. She had the baby, Chris came around for a bit, then last September she was arrested for allegedly assaulting him after he chopped off their older son's hair. Chris is currently expecting another child with a different woman, so things still aren't going well between them.
2. Amber Portwood vs. Andrew Glennon
Nothing funny about this one. On July 5, 2019, Portwood was arrested and charged with two counts of domestic battery and one count of criminal recklessness with a deadly weapon after she struck her boyfriend, Andrew Glennon, in the neck as Glennon held their son James in his arms. She then threatened to commit suicide by overdosing on pills, and used a machete to attempt and break into the room where Glennon was hiding with their son. She was convicted on felony charges of domestic battery and intimdation, and she's currently on probation. Later, audio recordings were released in which Amber could be heard verbally abusing Andrew, and in one she even admitted to punching him in the face. There's no contact between them now, and Amber has been allowed visits with their son. They're still in court battling for custody, and there are still definitely a lot of hard feelings, to say the least.
Wait! There's more Teen Mom: The Most Insane Feuds in Franchise History! Ranked!! Just click "Next" below:
Teen Mom, Teen Mom 2, Teen Mom OG
Farrah Abraham, Amber Portwood, Matt Baier, Chelsea Houska, Tyler Baltierra, Adam Lind, Barbara Evans, David Eason, Jenelle Evans, Leah Messer, Mackenzie Standifer, Ryan Edwards, Maci Bookout, Javi Marroquin, Briana DeJesus, Kailyn Lowry, Chris Lopez
Teen Mom Slideshows, Teen Mom 2 Slideshows, Teen Mom OG Slideshows, Farrah Abraham Slideshows, Amber Portwood Slideshows, Matt Baier Slideshows, Chelsea Houska Slideshows, Tyler Baltierra Slideshows, Adam Lind Slideshows, Barbara Evans Slideshows, David Eason Slideshows, Jenelle Evans Slideshows, Leah Messer Slideshows, Mackenzie Standifer Slideshows, Ryan Edwards Slideshows, Maci Bookout Slideshows, Javi Marroquin Slideshows, Briana DeJesus Slideshows, Kailyn Lowry Slideshows, Chris Lopez Slideshows
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Va'yaishev 5776
by Rabbi Nachman Kahana | Dec 2, 2015
BS"D Parashat Va'yaishev 5776
Two Interdependent Elements of Judaism
I solemnly believe that Yehadut (Judaism) is comprised of two interdependent elements:
1- Living the letter and spirit of the Torah (Oral and Written) as revealed at Sinai and recorded in the Shulchan Aruch.
2- Jewish national life Eretz Yisrael.
Interdependent in the sense that, 1- If we do not live a Torah life HaShem will exile us from Eretz Yisrael. 2- In the galut (exile), the Torah we abide by is artificial, secondary and temporary, as stated by the great Ramban in his commentary to Vayikra 18:25, that the Torah was given to be kept in Eretz Yisrael. The Ramban is based on a pasuk by the prophet Yirmiyahu that the requirement to abide by the Torah in Galut is to insure that we will not forget the Torah when we return to Eretz Yisrael.
No one has said it better than the prophet Amos when prophesying the inevitable exile of the first Jewish commonwealth because of their disregard of the Torah and our restoration to the Holy land (9,9-15):
9 For I will give the command, and I will shake the people of Israel among all the nations as grain is shaken in a sieve, and not a pebble will reach the ground.
10 All the sinners among my people will die by the sword, all those who say, 'Disaster will not overtake or meet us.'
11 "In that day I will restore David's fallen shelter, I will repair its broken walls and restore its ruins and will rebuild it as it used to be,
12 So that they may possess the remnant of Edom and all the nations that bear my name, declares the Lord, who will do these things.
13 The days are coming," declares the Lord, "when the reaper will be overtaken by the plowman and the planter by the one treading grapes. New wine will drip from the mountains and flow from all the hills,
14 And I will bring my people Israel back from exile. They will rebuild the ruined cities and live in them. They will plant vineyards and drink their wine; they will make gardens and eat their fruit.
15 I will plant Israel in their own land, never again to be uprooted from the land I have given them," says the Lord your God.
This has happened in our time! Destruction and bitter exile for leaving the Torah, and our return to the Land where the Torah was divinely commanded to be kept.
The 19th of Kislev
Tuesday of this week is the 19th of Kislev. This date is very significant for the Chabad community because it marks the release of the founder of Chabad chassidism, Rabbi Shneur Zalman of Liadi from imprisonment.
The Rabbi was informed upon to the Russian authorities by a Jewish opponent to Chassidism claiming that the Rebbe was helping the Turks at the time, when they were at war with Russia. Rabbi Shneur Zalman was charged with treason, imprisoned and released on Tuesday, the 19th of Kislev.
This day is celebrated by Chabad chassidim with great joy and feasting, in addition to words of Torah and Chassidic philosophy. In fact, as I am writing this, Jerusalem's Conference Hall (Binyanei Ha'umaa) is the scene of Chabad classes, books and a concert starring the great Avraham Fried. It will be attended by thousands of chassidim.
Interestingly the date of the Rebbe's release on the 19th of Kislev 1798 corresponded in that year to the 29th of November.
The 29th of November is a memorable date in our times. Because 149 years after the Rebbe's release, on the 29th of November 1947 the United Nations in session at Lake Success, New York voted for the establishment of the State of Israel to come into effect on the 14 of May 1948, with the conclusion of the British Mandate over "Palestine".
No one can deny that the establishment of the Jewish State after 2000 years of galut has greater and far more reaching implication for the Jewish nation than the release of the Chabad Rebbe from imprisonment 149 years ago. The Rebbe as great as he was, was one man who led several hundred followers at the time, whereas the establishment of the Jewish State reverberates for all Jews the world over, including those who are far from a Torah way of life.
Based on this I would like to pose several questions:
1- Why do we not see the same degree of enthusiasm from the Chabad chassidim on Israel Independence Day as we see on the 19th of Kislev, marking the Rebbe's release? And not only Chabad chassisdim, but why do so many other observant Jews downgrade the great miracles happening daily in Eretz Yisrael?
2- Why is the world center of Chabad still at Eastern Parkway in Brooklyn, New York and not in Yerushalayim? This question can be posed also to the Orthodox Union (OU) and to the Young Israel movement.
3- There was a notice in Yerushalayim that a gentleman very close to the Rebbe z"l, will be speaking this week on the subject, "From a small town to global presence", referring to the many Chabad "shluchim" who can be found in the far corners of the globe. One could get the impression that there exists a rivalry between two groups competing for global dominance: Islamics who stand for JIHAD and the Chabad shluchim who stand for JEWHAD.
Is it really the goal of Judaism to be HaShem's global caterers, bringing kosher food to Jewish trekkers with a small side dish of Yiddishkeit?
Is in not more important that all of the nearly 7000 talented shluchim be using their experience here to form a more perfect religious society; one where Jews would wish to come to?
As it appears today, the message resonating from Chabad and other Chassidic sects and religious organizations in the galut is the negation of the centrality of the Holy Land in religious life.
And that is a distortion, corruption, misrepresentation, perversion and falsification of authentic Judaism.
The Valley of Dotan
Our parasha relates that Yosef sought out his brothers in the city of Shechem, but was informed by a man (or angel) that they had moved to the Valley of Dotan. When the brothers saw Yosef approaching, they threw him into a pit of serpents and scorpions, until he was sold to Yishmaelites.
The murder of the Ten Martyred Rabbis over 1000 years later was in lieu of the punishment that should have been meted out to Yosef's ten brothers. When the great leading rabbis were murdered, the quality of Severe Justice was gratified.
The Mufti Haj Amin Al Husseini, spent the World War Two years in Berlin with his friend and mentor Hitler, where he organized Moslems in aiding the Nazis.
In 1942, the Mufti with his German comrades completed plans for an Auschwitz-type extermination camp to be used against the Jews of Eretz Yisrael and the Middle East when the Germans would conquer the Holy Land.
The place they chose for the camp was the Valley of Dotan, which was where, unknown to the Mufti and his sinister friends, the brothers sold Yosef.
General Rommel was defeated at Al Allemain in Egypt, and the Germans never entered the Land.
What we perceived for 2000 years as the tragedy of the Ten Martyred Rabbis who paid the price of atonement for selling Yosef in the Valley of Dotan, saved the Jews of Eretz Yisrael 2000 years later in the Valley of Dotan from the fate which befell our brothers in Europe.
It is quite clear from our long relationship with the Holy One Be He that we Jews are like the blind groping in the dark, while HaShem protects us every step to insure that we do not make any fatal, irreversible mistakes.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Considering the amount of people that had pre-made pancake mix or pancake making ingredients in their shopping trolleys and have been asking questions about 'the best pancake pan' on social media, I know that everyone is going to be piling them high on Shrove Tuesday.
So when it comes to pancakes what is your favourite filling? Are you a lemon and sugar traditionalist or do you satisfy your sweet tooth with Nutella/Golden Syrup? Or do you buck the trend and go for often overlooked savoury crêpes…controversial…?
Why not kick your evening off with this courgette, red pepper and feta cheese savoury pancake before moving onto your usual lemon and sugar crêpe for a night of batter-based feasting?
1st: Grate a courgette and wrap in a dishcloth to extract the water. Leave for approx 30mins.
2nd: Chop a large red bell pepper into small dice and sauté until soft. Chop a couple of spring onions and soften in the same pan. Remove from the heat and crumble in 100g of feta cheese.
3rd: Whisk together 3 eggs, 5 tablespoons of plain flour, the drained courgette shards, and a handful of chopped mint and chopped parsley. Season with pepper.
4th: Pour oil into a hot pan and pour the batter mixture to create the best flat, round disk you can make using this thick batter. Cook on both sides for a few minutes a side.
5th: Serve the red pepper and feta filling on top and roll in half. Sprinkle over some fresh herbs and drizzle with extra virgin olive oil.
This recipe makes enough for two as a light lunch or dinner served with a rocket salad or some steamed vegetables on the side.
Click here for my Shrove Tuesday blog 2013.


Dormy House is a spacious apartment close to the beautiful beach and Staithe at Brancaster located in an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty.
7 Dormy House is part of a former Country House Hotel. This lovely property has been converted into very attractive apartments. Number 7 is deceptively spacious, with accommodation over two floors, the main living areas and two bedrooms and two shower rooms are in the first floor, then climb the stairs to the master bedroom with en suite bathroom. This is a super property for families or a group of friends, there are spacious gardens to enjoy and Brancaster's fabulous sandy beach and Royal West Norfolk Golf Club are only a short walk away. Shops: 0.25 miles Pub: 0.12 miles.
Kitchen/Dining Room with electric hob and oven, fridge, freezer, microwave, table and seating for six - washing machines and tumble dryers are located in a communal Laundry Room.
Bedroom 1 with a double bed, and open En-Suite with large double ended bath, walk in shower, washbasin and separate enclosed wc.
Garden: Large landscaped communal garden with lawn and garden furniture.
Parking: For one large car in house car park, further roadside parking is available.
Heating: Electric convector heaters, night storage heaters, free standing electric fire.
Also Provided: Towels. Books, games and radio. Travel cot, stairgate.
Brancaster and neighbouring Brancaster Staithe are lovely coastal villages, which have much to offer, making them ideal holiday locations at any time of the year. There is a wonderful sandy beach, numerous coastal and countryside walks, a golf course, a tennis court and excellent sailing from Brancaster Staithe. There are three well known pubs The Jolly Sailors, The Ship and The White Horse within the two villages which serve food, or you can buy locally caught sea food. The lovely village of Burnham Market is just a short drive away with its excellent range of shops, restaurants and pubs. The area abounds with numerous opportunities for bird watchers with the RSPB reserve at Titchwell two miles away, which can be reached on foot along the coast path. Boat trips to Scolt Head and sailing are available at Brancaster Staithe.


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Partidas är en ort i Mexiko.   Den ligger i kommunen Celaya och delstaten Guanajuato, i den centrala delen av landet,  km nordväst om huvudstaden Mexico City. Partidas ligger  meter över havet och antalet invånare är .

Terrängen runt Partidas är kuperad söderut, men norrut är den platt. Den högsta punkten i närheten är Cerro Grande,  meter över havet,  km sydväst om Partidas. Runt Partidas är det tätbefolkat, med  invånare per kvadratkilometer. Närmaste större samhälle är Celaya,  km norr om Partidas. Trakten runt Partidas består till största delen av jordbruksmark.

Ett tropiskt höglandsklimat råder i trakten. Årsmedeltemperaturen i trakten är  °C. Den varmaste månaden är maj, då medeltemperaturen är  °C, och den kallaste är januari, med  °C. Genomsnittlig årsnederbörd är  millimeter. Den regnigaste månaden är juli, med i genomsnitt  mm nederbörd, och den torraste är mars, med  mm nederbörd.

Kommentarer

Referenser

Orter i Guanajuato

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


La Perla Condominium located in exclusive Sunny Isles Beach was a Kobi Karp project. The property is 43 stories high and includes 326 residences of studio to two bed configurations from 1,037 square feet to 2,053 square feet, respectively. It stunning views of the Atlantic Ocean and excellent location make it one of the premier residential buildings in Sunny Isles.
Each La Perla residence offers an exclusive standard of living with stunning views of the Atlantic Ocean, bay, and city. The property is designed in an oceanfront park style with fountains, park, and landscaped deck facing the ocean. Resort and convenience amenities include children's play area, business center and conference room, 24 hour valet and front desk, sports lounge, billiard room, excents space, and state of the art fitness center and spa. Residence amenities include panoramic views, imported Italian cabinetry, granite countertops, GE appliances, Kohler fixtures, marble and tile flooring, and floor to ceiling tinted windows. These residences and features satisfy even the most discriminating tastes.
La Perla condo in Sunny Isles also provides access to an incredible beachfront spa for your enjoyment, a cardio center to help you stay fit and healthy and much more, as well. A sports lounge offers you big screen sports excitement and a full bar, while the kids' playroom will help your entire family have fun. A billiard room is the perfect place for a little fun gaming, while the nearby restaurant can provide some room services for your enjoyment.
Sunny Isles Beach was initially developed as a tourist destination in 1920 and with the access to Miami Beach with the Haulover Beach, its' designation was secured. It continues to be a developer favorite and has recently largely been developed by giants such as Micheal Deezer and Donald Trump. Its' white sand beaches and gourmet and casual dining, make it the perfect beach town. Neighboring Sunny Isles Beach to the north is Aventura and to the South is Bal Harbour, which is one of the premier shopping and dining destinations in South Florida. The international airports of Miami and Fort Lauderdale are within 30 minutes. La Perla offers an elite lifestyle within an idyllic beach town.


text:
Bellen is a rural commune in the Ségou Cercle in the Ségou Region of Mali. It is the most northerly within the cercle and is sparsely populated with only nine villages in an area of approximately . In the 2009 census, it had a population of 6,949. The chef-lieu is the village of Sagala which is  northwest of Ségou.

References

External links
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Communes of Ségou Region


Subject: Re: Inbox not showing up.
You will need to upgrade all your webskins, as there has been breaking changes in 5.2.4.
You can contact me offlist if you need help with custom webskins, I can detail you the changes to apply (or help you modifying them).
If you use one of our webskins (LookOut, Spid), you will need to upgrade to the latest version. LookOut 2.x is NOT compatible with CGP 5.2.4 and up - you will need LookOut 3.x.
the user has left in "default" state.
an emergency switch to Simplex).
Could that be what you're seeing?
INBOX you renamed to the new one.
Is it possible that the folder is hidden at the OS level?
CommuniGate skins on our server.
not show up in that skin either.
Did you check if INBOX is appearing using one of the unmodified stock ski=s?
account name with spaces], but that is now removed.
would fix it, but I'd rather understand the reasoning behind it.


text:
More info on Arab Christians
Arab Christians: Map
Wikipedia article:
Map showing all locations mentioned on Wikipedia article:
Arab Christians are Christians who maintain Arabic as the primary language of their community. Large numbers of Arab Christians can be found in the Middle East and North Africa, particularly in Lebanon , Syria , Jordan and Israel /Palestine. Emigrants from Arab Christian communities make up a significant portion of the Middle Eastern diaspora, with high population concentrations in the Americas, particularly in Argentina , Brazil , Colombia , the Dominican Republic , Ecuador , Mexico , and the United States .
Arab Christians are culturally, linguistically and ethnically speaking Arab, and are adherents of the Christian faith. Arab Christians are indigenous to the Arab world, with a presence there predating the 7th century Islamic expansion in Western Asia. Many Arab Muslims today were originally Arab Christians who converted to Islam for various reasons, chief among them, avoiding the payment of jizya, a tax for non-Muslim populations under Muslim rule. Most Levantine Christians are ethnic Arabs descended from the Kahlani Qahtani tribes of ancient Yemen (i.e. Ghassanids, Lakhmids, Banu Judham and Hamadan ).
The majority of the Maronite Patriarchs for the last 10 centuries descended from the widely known noble Qahtani Ghassanid Arabs that ruled the Levant in the Roman/Byzantine era and even some Frankish/Ghassanids.
Arab Christians made significant contributions to the Arab civilization and still do. Some of the top poets at certain times were Arab Christians, and many Arab Christians were physicians, writers, government officials, and people of literature.
There have been occasional claims that the Maronites can trace their ancestry to Phoenicians. This is a myth intended to distance the Maronites from their Arab roots. The Maronites were inhabitants of Orontes (Al-Assi) valley in Syria. They are most probably descendants of some Arab tribes which never converted to Islam. The eminent Lebanese historian Kamal Salibi (incidentally, a Christian) in his 'A House of Many Mansions' [1988] states (ch. 6): "It is very possible that the Maronites, as a community of Arabian origin, were among the last Arabian Christian tribes to arrive in Syria before Islam.. Certainly, since the 9th century, their language has been Arabic, which indicates that they must have originated as an Arab tribal community.. The fact that Syriac remains the language of their liturgy. is irrelevant. Syriac, which is the Christian literary form of Aramaic, was originally the liturgical language of all the Arab and Arameo-Arab Christian sects, in Arabia as well as in Syria and Iraq."http://www.passia.org/meetings/rsunit/Articles/E-August-2005.htm<<></<>ref>
There is also a portion of Arabic-speaking Christians which belong to the Assyrian/Chaldean/Syriac people ethnic group. They use Syriac-Aramaic in their liturgy and some still speak it as a language. They are often identified as Arab but are a separate ethnicity.
Some of the most influential secular Arab nationalists were Levantine Greek Orthodox Christians like Michel Aflaq, founder of the Baath Party, George Habash, founder of the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine, and Constantin Zureiq.
The first mention of Christianity in Arab lands occurs in the New Testament as the Apostle Paul refers to his journey in Arabia following his conversion (Galatians 1: 15-17). Later, Eusebius of Caesarea discusses a bishop named Beryllus in the see of Bostra, the site of a synod c. 240. Christians existed in Arab-speaking lands from the third century onward. Some modern scholars suggest that Philip the Arab was the first Christian emperor of Rome. By the fourth century a significant number of Christians occupied the Sinai peninsula, Mesopotamia and Arabia.Others say that the first Christian ruler in history was an Arab called Abgar VIII of Edessa, who converted.
Throughout many eras of history, Arab Christians have co-existed fairly peacefully with their fellow non-Christian Arabic-speaking neighbours, principally Muslims and Jews. Even after the rapid expansion of Islam from the 7th century AD onwards through the Islamic conquests, many Christians chose not to convert to Islam and instead maintain their pre-existing beliefs.
As "People of the Book", Christians in the region are accorded certain rights by theoretical Islamic law (Shari'ah) to practice their religion free from interference or persecution; that was, however, strictly conditioned with first paying a special amount of money (tribute) obliged from non-Muslims called 'Jizyah' (pronounced Jiz-ya), in form of either cash or goods, usually a wealth of animals, in exchange for their safety and freedom of worship. The tax was not levied on slaves, women, children, monks, the old, the sick, hermits, or the poor.
Arab Christians, and Arabic-speaking Jews for that matter, predate Arab Muslims, as there were many Arab tribes which adhered to Christianity since the first century, including the Nabateans and the Ghassanids. The latter were of Qahtani origin and spoke Yemeni-Arabic as well as Greek who protected the south-eastern frontiers of the Roman and Byzantine Empires in north Arabia.
The tribes of Tayy, Abd Al-Qais, and Taghlib were also known to have included a large number of Christians prior to Islam. The Yemenite city of Najran was also a center of Arabian Christianity, and were made famous by virtue of their persecution by one of the kings of Yemen, Dhu Nawas, who was himself an enthusiastic convert to Judaism. The leader of the Arabs of Najran during the period of persection, Al-Harith, was canonized by the Roman Catholic Church as St. Aretas.
Arab Christians today
Before the Christian faith reached the territory of Lebanon, Jesus had traveled to its southern parts near Tyre where the scripture tells us that he cured a possessed Canaanite child. Christianity in Lebanon is almost as old as gentile Christian faith itself, early reports relate the possibility that Saint Peter himself was the one who evangelized the Phoenicians whom he affiliated to the ancient patriarchate of Antioch . Paul also preached in Lebanon, he had lingered with the early Christians in Tyre and Sidon . Even though Christianity was introduced to Lebanon after the first century CE, its spread was very slow , particularly in the mountainous areas where paganism was still unyielding.
The earliest indisputable tradition of Christianity in Lebanon can be traced back to Saint Maron in the 4th century CE, the founder of national and ecclesiastical Maronitism. Saint Maron adopted an ascetic recluse life on the banks of the Orontes river in the vicinity of Homs –Syria and founded a community of monks which began to preach the gospel in the surrounding areas. By Faith, liturgy, rite, religious books and heritage, the Maronites were of Syrian Orthodox (Jacobite) origin. The Saint Maron Monastery was too close to Antioch to enable the monks freedom and autonomy which prompted Saint John Maron, the first Maronite patriarch-elect to lead his monks into the Lebanese mountains to escape emperor Justinian II's persecution; the Maronites monks finally settled in the Qadisha valley . During the Arab conquest the Christians, particularly the Maronites were persecuted, the persecution culminated during the Umayyad caliphate; nevertheless the influence of the Maronite establishment spread throughout the Lebanese mountains and became a considerable feudal force. It wasn't until the Crusades that the western world knew of the existence of the Maronites. In the 16th century, the Maronite Church adopted the catechism of the Catholic Church and merged with it. Moreover, Rome dispatched Franciscan, Dominican and later Jesuite missionaries to Lebanon to secure the conversion of the Maronites to Catholicism.
Spurring from their turbulent history, the Maronites formed a secluded identity in the mountains and valleys of Lebanon,_led by the Maronite patriarch who voices his opinion in temporal issues_ identify themselves as a unique community which by religion and culture is distinct from the predominantly Muslim Arab world. The Maronites played a major part in the definition of and the creation of the state of Lebanon. The modern state of Greater Lebanon was established by France in 1920 after the instigation of Maronite ambitious leaders headed by patriarch Elias Peter Hoayek who presided delegations to France following WWI and requested the re-establishment of the entity of the Principality of Lebanon (1515AD-1840AD). With the creation of the state of Lebanon, Arabism was overcome by Lebanism which emphasizes Lebanon's Mediterranean and Phoenician heritage. In the National Pact, an unwritten gentleman's agreement between the Maronite President Bshara el-Khoury and Sunni prime minister Riad as-Solh the seats of presidency were distributed between the main Lebanese religious denominations; according to the pact the President of the Lebanese republic shall always be a Maronite, furthermore, the pact also states that Lebanon is a state with an "Arab face" (not an Arab identity).
Lebanon holds the largest number of Christian in the Arab world in proportion to its total population. It is known that they made up around 55% of Lebanon's population before the Lebanese Civil War, but their percentage today may be as low as 40% now (1,800,000), however of the estimated 16,000,000 strong diaspora, they form a majority. Lebanese Christians belong mostly to the Maronite Catholic Church, with sizable minorities of Greek Orthodox and Melkite Greek Catholics, among others. There are also many Roman Catholics in the country due to French rule, and most of them are of French descent. There is, however, uncertainty about the exact numbers because no official census has been made in Lebanon since 1932.
In Syria, Christians formed just under 15% of the population (about 1.2 million people) under the 1960 census, but no newer census has been taken. Current estimates put them at about 10% of the population (2,000,000), due to lower rates of birth and higher rates of emigration than their Muslim compatriots. Most Christians are Greek Orthodox and Greek Catholic, with some Syriac Christians.
In Jordan, Christians constitute about 7% of the population (about 400,000 people), though the percentage dropped sharply from 18% in the early beginning of the twentieth century. This drop is largely due to influx of Muslim Arabs from Hijaz after the First World War, the low birth rates in comparison with Muslims and the large numbers of Palestinians (85-90% Muslim) who fled to Jordan after 1948. Nearly 70-75% of Jordanian Christians belong to the Eastern Orthodox Church, while the rest adhere to Catholicism with a small minority adhering to Protestantism. Christians are well integrated in the Jordanian society and have a high level of freedom. Nearly all Christians belong to the middle or upper classes. Moreover, Christians enjoy more economic and social opportunity in the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan than elsewhere in Southwest Asia. Although they constitute less than ten per cent of the total population, they have disproportionately large representation in the Jordanian parliament (10% of the Parliament) and hold important government portfolios, ambassadorial appointments abroad, and positions of high military rank.
Jordanian Christians are allowed by the public and private sectors to leave their work to attend Divine Liturgy or Mass on Sundays. All Christian religious ceremonies are publicly celebrated in Jordan. Christians have established good relations with the royal family and the various Jordanian government officials and they have their own ecclesiastic courts for matters of personal status.
Palestine and Israel
About 75,500 Palestinian Christians live in the Palestinian territories of the West Bank and Gaza Strip , with about 122,000 Palestinian Christians living in Israel and an estimated 400,000 Palestinian Christians living in the Palestinian diaspora. Both the founder of the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine, George Habash, and the founder if its offshoot, the DFLP, Nayif Hawatmeh, were Christians, as is prominent Palestinian activist and former Palestinian Authority minister Hanan Ashrawi.
There are tiny communities of Roman Catholics in Tunisia , Algeria , Libya , and Morocco because of French rule for Algeria, Tunisia, and Morocco, Spanish rule for Morocco, and Italian rule for Libya. Most of the members in North Africa, however, are foreign missionaries or immigrant workers and people of French, Spanish, and Italian colonial descent, while only a minority among them are converted Arabs (or their descendants) or descendants of converted Berber, often brought to Christian (Catholic) belief during the modern era or under French colonialism. Charles de Foucauld was renowned for his missions in North Africa among Muslims, including African Arabs.
Many millions of Arab Christians also live in a diaspora elsewhere in the world. These include such countries as Argentina , Australia, Brazil , Canada , Chile , Colombia ,Venezuela , Cuba , Dominican Republic and the United States . The majority of self-identifying Arab Americans are Eastern Rite Catholic or Orthodox, according to the Arab American Institute. On the other hand, most American Muslims are black or of South Asian (Indian or Pakistani ) origin. There are also many Arab Christians in Europe, especially in the United Kingdom ,France (due to its historical connections with Lebanon and North Africa), and Spain (due to its historical connections with north Morocco), and to a lesser extent, Ireland , Germany , Italy , and Greece .
Like Arab Muslims and Arab Jews, Arab Christians refer to God as Allah, since this is the word in Arabic for "God". The use of the term Allah in Arab Christian churches predates Islam by several centuries. In more recent times (especially since the mid 1800s), some Arabs from the Levant region have been converted from these native, traditional churches to more recent Protestant ones, most notably Baptist and Methodist churches. This is mostly due to an influx of Western, predominantly American Evangelical, missionaries.
Prominent Arab Christians
Suleiman Mousa, prominent historian and author of "Biography of Major T.E. Lawrence: An Arab View" (Jordanian, Catholic Christian).
George Wassouf, Syrian singer, (Syrian Christian).
Edward Said, prominent intellectual and writer (Palestinian, Protestant Christian).
Constantin Zureiq, prominent intellectual and academic, (Syrian, Greek Orthodox Christian).
George Habash, founder of PFLP, (Palestinian, Greek Orthodox Christian).
Nayef Hawatmeh, founder of DFLP, (Palestinian, Greek Orthodox Christian).
Afif Safieh, Palestinian ambassador to the United States (no diplomatic status), (Palestinian, Greek Catholic Christian).
Said Khoury, entrepreneur, co-founder of the Consolidated Contractors International Company, (Palestinian,Greek Orthodox Christian).
Yousef Beidas, prominent Financier, (Palestinian, Greek Orthodox Christian).
John Sununu, US political leader, (Palestinian-Lebanese, Greek Catholic Christian).
Hanan Ashrawi, Palestinian scholar and politic activist, (Palestinian, Anglican Christian).
Steve Bracks Australian State MP, Premier of Victoria, Australia, (Lebanese, Catholic Christian).
René Angélil, Canadian producer and husband of Céline Dion, (Lebanese-Syrian, Greek Catholic Christian). [75508]
Carlos Menem, president of Argentina from 1988 to 1999, (Syrian, converted to Roman Catholic from Islam)
Emile Habibi, Palestinian Citizen of Israel writer, (Palestinian Citizen of Israel, Protestant Christian)
Azmi Bishara, Palestinian Citizen of Israel member of the Knesset , (Palestinian Citizen of Israel, Greek Orthodox Christian)
Azmi Nassar, manager of the Palestinian national football team, (Palestinian Citizen of Israel, Greek Orthodox Christian)
Salim Tuama, Hapoel Tel Aviv middlefielder, (Palestinian Citizen of Israel, Greek Orthodox Christian)
Simon Shaheen Israeli-born U.S. Oud and violin virtuoso and composer, (Palestinian Citizen of Israel, Greek Catholic Christian)
Salim Jubran, member of the Israeli Supreme Court, Palestinian Citizen of Israel, Maronite (Christian)
Walid Shoebat, former Palestinian terrorist, (converted to Christianity from Islam)
Ralph Nader, US Presidential candidate and consumers' rights activist (son of Lebanese Christian immigrants, but declines to comment on personal religion)
Hani Naser, musician,producer (son of Jordanian Christian Immigrants)
Shakira, international superstar daughter of Lebanese father from Zahle and Colombian mother.
Tony Shalhoub, three-time Emmy Award and Golden Globe-winning American television and film actor. (Lebanese, Maronite Christian)
Marie Keyrouz, chanter of Oriental Church music, (Melkite-Maronite nun). Founder of L'Ensemble de la Paix (Ensemble of Peace) and Founder-President of L'Instituit International de Chant Sacré (International Institute of Holy Songs) in Paris.
Gibran Khalil Gibran, prominent poet and writer (Lebanese, Maronite Christian), was very proud of his heritage and a lot of his writings reflected this. He is described as, "The most famous Arab American literary figure ..."
Julio César Turbay, president of Colombia from 1978 to 1982, (Lebanese Maronite Christian)
Carlos Slim Helú, Mexican billionaire, (Lebanese Maronite Christian)
Bruno Bichir and Demián Bichir, Mexican actors, (Lebanese Maronite Christians)
Salma Hayek, Mexican-American actress (Lebanese, Roman Catholic)
Georgina Rizk, Miss Universe 1972, (Lebanese, Maronite Christian).
Christina Sawaya, Miss International 2002, (Lebanese, Greek Orthodox Christian).
René Chamussy, Rector of Université Saint-Joseph en Beirut, (Lebanese, Maronite Christian).
Sarbel, Cypriot singer, (Lebanese, Maronite Christian)
Fairuz, classical Arab singer, (Lebanese, Greek Orthodox Christian).
Najwa Karam, Lebanese singer, (Lebanese, Maronite Christian).
Paul Anka, Lebanese-Canadian singer, (Lebanese, Syriac Orthodox Christian).
Émile Lahoud, President of Lebanon, (Lebanese, Maronite Christian).
Carlos Ghosn, French-Brazilian industrialist, CEO of Nissan and Renault, (Lebanese, Maronite Christian).
Elias Farah, Iraqi philosopher, (Syrian, Greek Orthodox Christian).
Issam Fares, prominent Businessman and Politician, (Lebanese, Greek Orthodox Christian).
Michel Pharaon, prominent Businessman and Politician, (Lebanese, Greek Catholic Christian).
Amin al-Rihani, writer and intellectual, (Lebanese, Maronite Christian).
Michel Aflaq, co-founder of Baath Party, (Syrian, Greek Orthodox Christian).
Jamil Mahuad, President on Ecuador from 1998 to 2000 (Lebanese, German Catholic Christian).
Abdalá Jaime Bucaram Ortiz, president of Ecuador from 1996 to 1997(Lebanese, Roman Catholic Christian)
Thelma Fardin, Argentinian actress
Christianity in the Middle East
List of Christian terms in Arabic
Lakhmids
Arab Orthodox
Sophronius
Arabic Christians Community
Gathering Middle East Christians
Arab-Christian Heritage
Arab World Studies Notebook
The Arabic-speaking Christians: From the Eastern Question to the Recent Political Situation of the Minorities (article)
The Arabic-speaking Christians of the Middle East: A Demographic Perspective (article)
The text of the above Wikipedia article is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. This content and its associated elements are made available under the same license where attribution must include acknowledgement of The Full Wiki as the source on the page same page with a link back to this page with no nofollow tag.


At the Association for Computing Machinery's Programming Language Design and Implementation conference this month, MIT researchers presented a new system that repairs dangerous software bugs by automatically importing functionality from other, more secure applications.
Remarkably, the system, dubbed CodePhage, doesn't require access to the source code of the applications whose functionality it's borrowing. Instead, it analyzes the applications' execution and characterizes the types of security checks they perform. As a consequence, it can import checks from applications written in programming languages other than the one in which the program it's repairing was written.
Once it's imported code into a vulnerable application, CodePhage can provide a further layer of analysis that guarantees that the bug has been repaired.
Sidiroglou-Douskos and his coauthors — MIT professor of computer science and engineering Martin Rinard, graduate student Fan Long, and Eric Lahtinen, a researcher in Rinard's group — refer to the program CodePhage is repairing as the "recipient" and the program whose functionality it's borrowing as the "donor." To begin its analysis, CodePhage requires two sample inputs: one that causes the recipient to crash and one that doesn't. A bug-locating program that the same group reported in March, dubbed DIODE, generates crash-inducing inputs automatically. But a user may simply have found that trying to open a particular file caused a crash.
First, CodePhage feeds the "safe" input — the one that doesn't induce crashes — to the donor. It then tracks the sequence of operations the donor executes and records them using a symbolic expression, a string of symbols that describes the logical constraints the operations impose.
At some point, for instance, the donor may check to see whether the size of the input is below some threshold. If it is, CodePhage will add a term to its growing symbolic expression that represents the condition of being below that threshold. It doesn't record the actual size of the file — just the constraint imposed by the check.
Next, CodePhage feeds the donor the crash-inducing input. Again, it builds up a symbolic expression that represents the operations the donor performs. When the new symbolic expression diverges from the old one, however, CodePhage interrupts the process. The divergence represents a constraint that the safe input met and the crash-inducing input does not. As such, it could be a security check missing from the recipient.
CodePhage then analyzes the recipient to find locations at which the input meets most, but not quite all, of the constraints described by the new symbolic expression. The recipient may perform different operations in a different order than the donor does, and it may store data in different forms. But the symbolic expression describes the state of the data after it's been processed, not the processing itself.
At each of the locations it identifies, CodePhage can dispense with most of the constraints described by the symbolic expression — the constraints that the recipient, too, imposes. Starting with the first location, it translates the few constraints that remain into the language of the recipient and inserts them into the source code. Then it runs the recipient again, using the crash-inducing input.
If the program holds up, the new code has solved the problem. If it doesn't, CodePhage moves on to the next candidate location in the recipient. If the program is still crashing, even after CodePhage has tried repairs at all the candidate locations, it returns to the donor program and continues building up its symbolic expression, until it arrives at another point of divergence.
As the researchers explain, in modern commercial software, security checks can take up 80 percent of the code — or even more. One of their hopes is that future versions of CodePhage could drastically reduce the time that software developers spend on grunt work, by automating those checks' insertion.
Incredible, just like magic ! I wonder if it's available for public use ?
Cool! Do we have any chance to try it?
So does it patch only when you have precompiled source code? Or can it patch compiled binaries?
biology analog? ... trading sequences of DNA over generations?
Will it be open-sourced soon?
Probably a recipe for disaster. Code can predict what you intended to do?
They could use a similar approach to database queries where all of the possible queries were already made ahead of time, therefore it's easier to review the value of those queries internally, externally.....We could also use that to further irrigate memory allocations like water in a field by putting certain memories in certain places...We can rethink memory allocation to trade some efficiency for solid security........AND perhaps we match them to shortcuts without a brain crunch to figure out potential queries........Better hardware will be entirely more dynamic and perhaps codependent rather than stand alone. I envisioned as one answer to passwords getting broke easily as a blend of analog, digital to make a password easier to remember, more difficult to break by assigning weights to characters, putting those weight references in your pocket for quick reference....probably could 3D print such a device and change the weights less frequently than a password...somewhere in a computer there is a place for language dialect to be used effectively...password attempts probably can be inverted...let the burglar in and give them the opportunity to make bad commands first, set a high bar for correct commands before they are actually executed, avoid a lockdown, reset...partner debugging could backfire in reverse though.
This is the end-times for code analysis based on comments. If "crashed" can be defined as any arbitrary state, the donor analysis trigger becomes "reaches that state (or not)" where any given input case result might be sought OR avoided... This will almost immediately be paired up with goal-seeking genetic algorithms, I suspect.
On what prog lang it written?
on what language it written?
The future of "coding" has a very short lifespan in front of it. Software development will evolve way past "coding" the same way that nearly no one interacts with assembly moving bits around registers. The majority of all code blocks already exist and it all comes down to sequencing and managing a software's timeline.
Alternate intelligence as a whole grants sustenance to those with small or no imagination.
MIT researchers have devised a system that repairs software bugs similar to the way a surgeon applies skin grafts, writes Jonathan Vanian for Fortune. "The new system detects bugs, takes healthy code from a publicly available source, and then grafts it onto the sick software," Vanian explains.


An extremist militant group in Iraq has reportedly destroyed a significant historical site in the city of Mosul.
Residents say members of a group known as the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS), who overran the city in June, ordered the evacuation of the shrine of Nabi Yunus Thursday before demolishing it with explosives. The site is believed by Muslims to be the burial place of the biblical prophet Jonah, and it has been a significant archaeological site since the 8th century BC. The demolished mosque was renovated in the 1990's by order of then-dictator Saddam Hussein.
In June, ISIS called for the creation of a caliphate spanning Iraq and Syria, aiming to govern the countries according to strict 7th century Islamic law. ISIS has since targeted Islamic and Christian groups that refuse to embrace its fundamental interpretation of Islam.
According to an official at the Sunni endowment, which manages Sunni religious affairs in Iraq, ISIS extremists have destroyed or damaged 30 shrines, as well as 15 mosques and community centers in and around Mosul. Christians in the region have largely fled due to threats of execution if they don't pay a protection tax or convert to Islam.


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Archive | Cited In (Selected)
Indian Naval Strategy in the Twenty-first Century
James R. Holmes, Andrew C. Winner, and Toshi Yoshihara, Indian Naval Strategy in the Twenty-first Century (New York: Routledge, 11 May 2009).
This is the first academic study of India's emerging maritime strategy, and offers a systematic analysis of the interplay between Western military thought and Indian maritime traditions.
By a quirk of historical fate, Europe […]
Beyond the Strait: PLA Missions other than Taiwan
Roy Kamphausen, David Lai, and Andrew Scobell, Beyond the Strait: PLA Missions other than Taiwan (Carlisle, PA: Army War College and National Bureau of Asian Research, 30 April 2009).
While preventing independence likely remains the central aim of the PLA vis-a-vis Taiwan, Chinese foreign policy objectives worldwide are rapidly growing and diversifying. This volume analyzes the […]
Emerging Naval Rivalry in East Asia and the Indian Ocean: Implications for Australia
Leszek Buszynski, "Emerging Naval Rivalry in East Asia and the Indian Ocean: Implications for Australia," Security Challenges, Vol. 5, No. 3 (Spring 2009), pp. 73-93.
The article identifies current trends towards naval rivalry in Australia's northern security environment which are likely to bring instability and the danger of conflict. China, Japan, and Korea have engaged in […]
CMSI 'Red Book' #2: "Scouting, Signaling, and Gatekeeping: Chinese Naval Operations in Japanese Waters and the International Law Implications"
China Maritime Studies Institute (CMSI) Cited In (Selected)
Peter A. Dutton, Scouting, Signaling, and Gatekeeping: Chinese Naval Operations in Japanese Waters and the International Law Implications, Naval War College China Maritime Study 2 (February 2009).
The Han incident was not the first (or last) incursion to cause the JMSDF to exercise its submarine-hunting and -tracking capabilities. Over the past decade, the Japanese have observed more frequent submarine operations activities […]
Military Diplomacy: The Future of Sino-Indian Military Relations?
Bhartendu Kumar Singh, "Military Diplomacy: The Future of Sino-Indian Military Relations?" Jamestown China Brief, Vol. 8, No. 23, 8 December 2008.
Military relations between rising powers are often caught in a conflictual cycle. Yet Sino–Indian military relations is an exception in spite of wariness on both sides of the others strategic intentions. While the two states […]
Aircraft Carriers: China's way to Great Power Status?
Major Kim Nødskov, Royal Danish Air Force (Ret.), "Aircraft Carriers: China's way to Great Power Status?," Royal Danish Defence College, October 2008.
This research paper on the Chinese Carrier project, which is based on open sources, addresses the Chinese efforts to acquire an aircraft carrier.
China has vital strategic interests in the South China Sea and […]
The Long Shadow: Nuclear Weapons and Security in 21st Century Asia
Chu Shulong and Rong Yu, "China: Dynamic Minimum Deterrence," pp. 161-87; Chapter 5 in Multhiah Alagappa, ed., The Long Shadow: Nuclear Weapons and Security in 21st Century Asia (Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 21 August 2008).
The Long Shadow is the first comprehensive, systematic examination of the roles and implications of nuclear weapons in the dramatically […]
Energy Security and Global Politics: The Militarization of Resource Management
Jacqueline Newmyer, "Chinese Energy Security and the Chinese Regime," pp. 188-210, chapter 10 in Daniel Moran and James A. Russell, eds., Energy Security and Global Politics: The Militarization of Resource Management (New York: Routledge, 10 September 2008).
This book analyses the strategic dimensions of energy security, particularly where energy resources have become the object of military […]
CMSI 'Red Book' #1: "A Comprehensive Survey of China's Dynamic Shipbuilding Industry: Commercial Development and Strategic Implications"
Gabriel B. Collins and Lieutenant Commander Michael C. Grubb, U.S. Navy, A Comprehensive Survey of China's Dynamic Shipbuilding Industry: Commercial Development and Strategic Implications, Naval War College China Maritime Study 1 (August 2008).
China's dynamic shipbuilding sector now has the attention of key decision makers in Washington. During testimony before the Armed Services Committee of the House of Representatives […]
To Lead the World: American Strategy After the Bush Doctrine
James Kurth, "Boss of Bosses," pp. 109-132; chapter 5 in Melvyn P. Leffler and Jeffrey W. Legro, eds., To Lead the World: American Strategy After the Bush Doctrine (New York: Oxford University Press, 21 July 2008).
U.S. national security policy is at a critically important crossroads. … In To Lead the World, Melvyn P. Leffler and […]
China's Naval Ambitions in the Indian Ocean
James R. Holmes and Toshi Yoshihara, "China's Naval Ambitions in the Indian Ocean," Journal of Strategic Studies, Vol. 31, No. 3 (June 2008), pp. 367-94.
This article argues that an increasingly sea-power-minded China will neither shelter passively in coastal waters, nor throw itself into competition with the United States in the Pacific Ocean. Rather, Beijing will […]
Blocking the Hormuz Strait: China's Energy Dilemma
Yitzhak Shichor, "Blocking the Hormuz Strait: China's Energy Dilemma," Jamestown China Brief, Vol. 8, No. 18, 22 September 2008.
Over the last few weeks Iran has amplified its threats that, if attacked, it would immediately close the Strait of Hormuz, a strategic chokepoint nestled between the Gulf of Oman and the Persian Gulf. Iran's Revolutionary Guard […]
Asia Eyes America: Regional Perspectives on U.S. Asia-Pacific Strategy in the Twenty-first Century
Jonathan D. Pollack, ed., Asia Eyes America: Regional Perspectives on U.S. Asia-Pacific Strategy in the Twenty-first Century (Newport, RI: Naval War College Press, 31 March 2008).
Contains a collection of papers produced by participants (U.S. and regional scholars and analysts) at a conference,"Asia Eyes America," held at the Naval War College in Newport, Rhode Island, in […]
Building for the Future: China's Progress in Space Technology during the Tenth 5-Year Plan and the U.S. Response
Kevin Pollpeter, Building for the Future: China's Progress in Space Technology during the Tenth 5-Year Plan and the U.S. Response (Carlisle, PA: Strategic Studies Institute, U.S. Army War College, 21 March 2008).
The Chinese government is using space power to increase its influence at home and abroad and hopes to leverage the political, economic, and military benefits […]
Chinese Shipbuilding: Growing Fast, But How Good Is It?
Lt. Cdr. Michael C. Grubb, USN, and Gabriel Collins, "Chinese Shipbuilding: Growing Fast, But How Good Is It?" U.S. Naval Institute Proceedings, Vol. 134, No. 3 (March 2008).
China's rapid technical advances in shipbuilding, and the industry's dual civilian-military role, raises the strategically important question of how its growing commercial shipbuilding prowess might facilitate naval modernization.
The […]
China's 'String of Pearls' in the Indian Ocean and Its Security Implications
Gurpreet S. Khurana, "China's 'String of Pearls' in the Indian Ocean and Its Security Implications," Strategic Analysis, Vol. 32, No. 1(January 2008), pp. 1-39.
China's efforts to build 'nodes' of influence in the Indian Ocean Region have been increasingly discernible in recent years. This endeavour, many argue, is driven by Beijing's military-strategic ends. However, such an […]
The International Politics of Space
Michael Sheehan, The International Politics of Space (New York: Routledge, 27 December 2007).
The year 2007 saw the fiftieth anniversary of the Space Age, which began with the launching of Sputnik by the Soviet Union in October 1957. Space is crucial to the politics of the postmodern world. It has seen competition and cooperation in the past […]
Why Taiwan? Geostrategic Rationales for China's Territorial Integrity
Alan Wachman, Why Taiwan? Geostrategic Rationales for China's Territorial Integrity (Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 15 September 2007).
Why has the PRC been so determined that Taiwan be part of China? Why, since the 1990s, has Beijing been feverishly developing means to prevail in combat with the U.S. over Taiwan's status? Why is Taiwan worth fighting […]
China: A New Maritime Partner?
Lyle J. Goldstein, "China: A New Maritime Partner?," U.S. Naval Institute Proceedings, Vol. 133, No. 8 (August 2007).
The U.S. Coast Guard is opening the door to a cooperative relationship with China.
China's maritime development is gathering steam. It is challenging South Korea and Japan for dominance of the global shipbuilding market. More than 1,700 ships carry […]


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Constructive Arts
The School of Constructive Arts is a field-school teaching design, building, and ecology through direct participation and experimentation. Our approach combines ancestral knowledge of natural materials and energy with advancing technology and contemporary building techniques to derive sustainable models of living for our time.
We are currently building our campus in the Big Bend region of Texas. The workshops, residences, and land here will allow us to support hands-on educational programs and individual research and experimentation. In tandem with this site-specific laboratory for direct study, SCA seeks to provide an open, online resource democratizing the tools of environmental design, preserving endangered knowledge, and empowering people to sustainably derive quality food and shelter from the earth.
To learn more about our philosophy and long-term vision please see our PROSPECTUS.
Spring 2023 Programs
Workshop: Build A Brick Shithouse (BABS)
Taught by Jim Hallock
Terlingua, TX
FEBRUARY 26 - APRIL 15, 2023
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Workshop: Earthen Vaults
1316 Snake Road
Alpine, TX 79830
info@constructivearts.org
The School of Constructive Arts is a 501(c)3 non-profit organization. We support resilient communities and encourage individuals to study, experiment, and advance models for building and living in healthy relation to the natural environment.


Slime mould is an informal name given to several kinds of unrelated eukaryotic organisms that can live freely as single cells, but aggregate together to form multicellular reproductive structures. Slime molds were formerly classified as fungi but are no longer considered part of that kingdom.
… I developed a kind of obsession with these 'creatures'.
Within each protoplasmic strand the cytoplasmic contents rapidly stream. If one strand is carefully watched for about 50 seconds, the cytoplasm can be seen to slow, stop, and then reverse direction. The streaming protoplasm within a plasmodial strand can reach speeds of up to 1.35 mm per second which is the fastest rate recorded for any micro-organism. Migration of the plasmodium is accomplished when more protoplasm streams to advancing areas and protoplasm is withdrawn from rear areas. When the food supply wanes, the plasmodium will migrate to the surface of its substrate and transform into rigid fruiting bodies. The fruiting bodies or sporangia are what we commonly see; they superficially look like fungi or molds but are not related to the true fungi. These sporangia will then release spores which hatch into amoebae to begin the life cycle again.
Atsushi Tero of Hokkaido University grew the slime mold Physarum polycephalum in a flat wet dish, placing the mold in a central position representing Tokyo and oat flakes surrounding it corresponding to the locations of other major cities in the Greater Tokyo Area. As Physarum avoids bright light, light was used to simulate mountains, water and other obstacles in the dish. The mold first densely filled the space with plasmodia, then thinned the network to focus on efficiently connected branches. The network strikingly resembled Tokyo's rail system.


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Zur mkhar mnyam nyid rdo rje. khong lhog nag po'i srung ba rtog med mtshon cha'i 'khor lo. In Rin chen gter mdzod chen mo pod zhe lnga pa (The Great Treasury of Rediscovered Teachings Volume 45) by 'jam mgon kong sprul, 171-175. New Delhi: Shechen Publications, 2007-2018.


Section 6.3601. Initiation of Court Action.
Section 6.3604. Valuation of Land.
(c) Attachment of all documents provided to the defendants pursuant to Title 11,Section 11.103 and any documents received from the defendants pursuant to that section.
(3) Lodge with the Court for deposit in a separate interest bearing account a sum equal to the amount offered by the State as fair compensation to the defendants for the interest in land sought by the State.
(1) The proceedings are scheduled on an accelerated basis. Except upon motion showing extraordinary circumstances a judgment is rendered within 120 days of the action being filed.
(2) Notice of the accelerated nature of the proceedings is issued with the summons served upon each defendant.
(3) The State may join as defendants in one action all interested parties in the acquisition of an interest in land sought for a single public purpose.
(4) The costs of an action brought under this chapter, including costs incurred by the Court in the valuation of an interest in land, are paid by the State.
(e) The fairness of the compensation offered to each defendant for the interest in land sought by the State.
(2) The State is entitled to a presumption in its favor on each [of] the trial issues with regard to any defendant who fails to timely respond to the State's written request made pursuant to Title 11, Section 11.103.
(3) Where ownership of the interest in land to be acquired by the State is in dispute and substantial hardship is not found as to any defendant involved in the dispute, the Court may establish the fair compensation for the interest and allow its ownership to be established in a separate interpleader action.
The Court uses any available equitable means of determining the fair value of the interest in land to be acquired by the State.


As officials gather this week to continue negotiations for a trade agreement among countries bordering the Pacific Ocean, a multi-country set of non-governmental organisations and academics urged a United Nations-appointed official to intervene, on grounds that the trade deal will severely impact the public health of poor populations in those countries.
At issue is the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP), on which negotiators are meeting this week, from 28 March to 2 April, in Singapore. This is the sixth round of negotiations.
A 22 March letter of appeal was sent by NGOs and academics to Anand Grover, the Special Rapporteur for the United Nations on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of health.
"We allege that the TPP negotiations on intellectual property norms, as presently being conducted, threaten and violate the right of hundreds of millions of persons to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of health," the letter said. The 20-page letter is available here [pdf].
The group consists of more than a dozen signers including Knowledge Ecology International, Health Action International, and a number of other groups and individual law professors from affected countries, from Australia, New Zealand, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Chile, Malaysia and the United States.
The basis for the complaint is a leaked draft of a US proposal for the IP chapter of the agreement, available here, from February. The group argues that the agreement: is wrongly being negotiated in secret; is being negotiated with far too much power given to one negotiating member (the United States); would lead parties to elevate patent protection too far beyond their commitments under the 1994 World Trade Organization Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS), and the terms of the 2001 Doha Declaration on TRIPS and Public Health.
The document says that in the US alone, some 700 private sector representatives have privileged access to information about negotiations, while citizens are all but left out of the process.
The group asserted that the United States is expected to propose, with possible support from Australia, a set of demands regarding the use of exclusive rights in pharmaceutical regulatory test data, linkage between patent status and drug registration and the extension of patent terms, that will exceed WTO obligations and run contrary to developing country interests.
The letter of request for intervention details numerous ways the negotiation relates directly to UN agreements and principles, and lays out a variety of possible steps to address the concerns.
The next planned rounds of TPP negotiations are: 20-24 June in Viet Nam, 6-11 September in San Francisco, and 24-28 October in Lima, Peru, according to the NGO coalition.
Separately, groups representing a digital rights and high-tech perspective issued a call for changes to the copyright language in the TPP draft. The call came from Public Knowledge, the Special Libraries Association and Internet NZ.
"This discussion draft calls for protection of copyright owners as well as preservation and promotion of copyright limitations and exceptions that allow companies to innovate and democratic discourse to thrive," Rashmi Rangnath, staff attorney for Public Knowledge, said in a blog post.
"Call Issued For UN Intervention In Trans-Pacific Regional Trade Pact" by Intellectual Property Watch is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.


Patrons Of Peace Floral Dress. Breezy babydoll inspired gauze dress with an allover floral print. V-neck with embroidery and cutout details along the midsection. Billowy 3/4 bell sleeves. Open back cutout. Ties at the back. Approx length: 35.5". 100% rayon. Hand wash. Imported.
This dress is gorgeous and I love the colors! I can't wait to get it and try it on!
BEST ANSWER: Approx length: 35.5"


Roatan has become one of our favorite places to visit. Be sure to visit the iguana farm and have hundreds of iguanas surround you while you feed them. They are harmless. Have you ever wanted to hold and hug a sloth? You can check that one off your bucket list here.
Harvest Caye is a beach day. You will not find all the shore excursions like at some of the other ports as this stop is very new. If you set yourself up for a beach day, you will not be disappointed. Immerse yourself in natural beauty and culture on a 75-acre oasis featuring an expansive pool with a swim-up bar, salt-water lagoon for water sports, exclusive 7-acre beach and some small shore excursions ranging from zip lining across the island to snorkeling the world's second largest barrier reef.
WELCOME TO COSTA MAYA PORT . THE BEST PLACE FOR ADVENTURE.
While this port is excellent for shopping or just hanging out by the pool, there is so much to do in Costa Maya. One of our favorite things is to find a private resort that has a day package for cruisers. Free food and free drinks while lounging by the ocean is always great.


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Tag: Nina Stibbe
February 7, 2021 February 5, 2021 by Margaret10 Comments on Literary fiction
I've been watching a series called Love, Nina on the ABC. It's based on a book by Nina Stibbe about her early days as a nanny working for a single mum (played by Helena Bonham-Carter) in a somewhat bohemian household in London.
Bonham-Carter plays Mary-Kay Wilmers, editor of the London Review of Books, who Stibbe worked for as a young woman. Nick Hornby wrote the script, and it's very amusing, especially the dialogue between the two boys and their mum. There's also an odd neighbour (a Scottish poet) who comes to their house for dinner every night and constantly criticises Nina's cooking.
In the series Nina moves from Leicester to London and discovers 'literature' because of her friendship with a young man who lives three doors up. Early in the series he sees her reading Shirley Conran's Lace, a trashy novel popular in the 1970s, and gives her a copy of The Return of the Native (Thomas Hardy), but she finds it frustrating and impenetrable. There's a delightful scene where she's reading it to her nine-year-old charge and pretending that it's Enid Blyton so that he can help her understand what it means, but he sees through her plan and demands that she reads him The Famous Five instead.
Eventually Nina realises Hardy is writing about the characters' interior life and not just documenting their everyday activities. She marvels at the idea that everyone has an interior life, even Aunty Gladys, and that this is what literature is all about.
I'm not sure whether this is true, and to be honest I have read little Hardy since I was about 17, but I have noticed that when you go into a bookshop, there's always a shelf labelled 'literary fiction', and one labelled 'fiction' or sometimes 'general fiction'. Sometimes there's another shelf called women's fiction, but never a shelf called men's fiction. Poor men, why don't they get a shelf?
Writer and teacher Allison K Williams says that in simple terms, a literary book is just one that has sold less than 10,000 copies, but I think there's more to it than that (and I think she'd agree). She is merely making the point that if you are planning to write literary fiction, then you'd better not expect to sell thousands of copies unless you win the Booker Prize or another big literary award. Commercial fiction is written with the market in mind, and the big publishing houses seem to think that most people want to read books that are just like other books. That's why you see books marketed as the new Eleanor Oliphant, for example.
The dictionary defines 'literature' as written work that is considered superior or has lasting artistic merit, but I'm not sure who decides these things. Some books are more thoughtful and engaging than others, and these are the ones that I like to read, regardless of the label.
I'm keen to know what things mean, and perhaps be moved to think about wider themes such as the value of friendship, honesty, and love, but I think these ideas can be explored in a well plotted murder mystery or a romance novel. In order for a book to move me there needs to be something that resonates at a conscious, or perhaps unconscious level, but I'm not bothered if it's also a page-turner. I like complex characters and long sprawling multi-generational books, but most of all, I like strong storytelling.
I like books that stay with me after I've finished reading them. Sometimes I even catch myself wondering how the characters in the book are going, as if they were actually friends or people I've met somewhere. I like flawed characters and dislike one-dimensional goody two shoes. People who are good all the time are just not realistic in my book. Who's nice all the time in real life? Not me, that's for sure.


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