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text:
Global health costs of drug war, how to bring the lab to the patient, a CHANGE-ing look at GHI, and more . . .
By Antigone Barton on June 28, 2012 .
The global health cost of the war on drugs: Laws targeting drug users that crowd prisons, serve as obstacle courses between drug users and HIV treatment, and push drug users into situations at high risk for HIV exposure — these are just part of How the Criminalization of Drug Use Fuels the Global Pandemic, this report from the Global Commission on Drug Policy says. At the same time, the report says, the war on drugs has diverted countries from following evidence-based approaches to contain the epidemic. It concludes that countries treating drug addiction as a health issue rather than a criminal one, including some western European countries and Australia, have all but eliminated new HIV infections among drug users. The Global Commission on Drug Policy, a team that includes former presidents and health policy experts from around the world, lists among its recommendations: an immediate and open review of the outcomes of drug policies, decriminalization of drug use, scaling up of evidence-based HIV interventions, and the involvement of people who are effected by drug and HIV-intervention policies.
Bringing the lab to the patient: The American Society for Microbiology looked at the needs and challenges for diagnostic tests that can be used in health care settings in places where resources are scarce, in this report. Tests would have to be "equipment-free" as well as affordable, user-friendly, and "robust and rapid," the report's creators point out. They also note that "the first order of business is rigorous evaluation of the overall cost-benefit ratio . . ." They suggest prioritizing development of "point of care diagnostic" tests for drug resistance and HIV monitoring, along with tests to identify strains of infection, diagnose central nervous system infections, and a capacity to measure indicators of diabetes and cardiovascular diseases.
A 20-minute immune-measuring test In the meantime, the Identity Kenya web site reports a device that measures the immune cell count of HIV patients within 20 minutes has been launched in Kenya, allowing health workers an accurate gauge of when patients need to start or change treatment.
Malawi could set a human rights example: An Inter Press News Service op-ed piece by Human Rights Watch researcher Monica Tabwenga looks at Malawi President Joyce Banda's announced intention to decriminalize homosexuality in her country, concludes that Banda has a chance to make a necessary step forward if she works with civil society to address all human rights. With the impetus growing to unblock discriminatory obstacles to HIV/AIDS fighting efforts, this is an interesting analysis of an issue with unmeasured impact on global health.
A look at GHI goals, challenges: Reports from the Center for Health and Gender Equity — CHANGE — examine GHI's progress and direction in Guatemala and Ethiopia to see if the plan is living up to its promise to focus on women, girls and gender equity, promote country ownership of healthcare, and integrate efforts to address public health issues. Stressing that GHI is "a work in progress," CHANGE says the reports are intended as guidance. Among the recommendations: in Ethiopia the role of Ethiopian women in health efforts needs to be made clear, access to female condoms could be improved, and human rights training for health providers would streamline efforts to make sexual and reproductive health care available to women and girls. Among recommendations in Guatemala, the group finds that HIV prevention education could be included in all U.S.-funded family planning and maternal health problems, concluding: "each person has a right to this poetentially life-saving information."
This entry was posted in HIV Prevention, HIV/AIDS, What we're reading on June 28, 2012 .
← CDC weighs in: contraceptive hormones look safe for HIV-exposed, infected — but use condoms, too With third-highest TB burden, South Africa is critical player in search for vaccine →
One thought on "Global health costs of drug war, how to bring the lab to the patient, a CHANGE-ing look at GHI, and more . . ."
Pingback: TAG scrutinizes research, policy and prices, Paul Ryan eyes foreign aid, the Global Commission on Drug Policy highlights Hepatitis, and more . . . We're reading pieces that deserve a second look | Science Speaks: HIV & TB News

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


I'm a photographer based in Lynchburg VA who offers commercial photography for products, branding, websites and social media as well as headshot and personal image branding services.
Favorite Food: Does coffee count?
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- Individual Product $30 per product (minimum of 5): includes five high-res images per product, commercial rights and image download access in an online gallery.
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- Individual Product $60 per product (minimum of 5): includes 10 high-res images per product, commercial rights and image download access in an online gallery.
- Product Bundle 1: $1000 (group of 20 products): includes 10 high-res images per product, commercial rights and image download access in an online gallery.
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- I'm currently working on launching a start up and will be looking for branding, web designers, artists, copyrighters and more!


NEWTON FALLS, Ohio – When Horace Sewell started building transformer switches inside his machine shop in 1952, his intentions were modest: to make enough money to send his kids to college.
"When he started the business he encouraged my brother and I to look at other places," recalls Russell Sewell, the CEO and second-generation owner of what is now Quality Switch Inc., based in Newton Falls.
Today the third generation – Russ' sons, Adam and Jeremy, and daughter, Laura Whitmore – are preparing to take over, although much had to go right (and wrong) to get them where they are today.
"We weren't really looking to get into it," says Adam Sewell, oldest of the three.
Their father was a different story.
Russ would often accompany Horace to work on weekends and pass the time playing on the shop floor. His first real job at the company was cleaning the bathrooms.
He went to college, earning a degree in business administration with a minor in accounting.
Eventually, his brother, Rick, joined the business, an arrangement that worked well because of their complementary skill sets.
While Russ managed the office and personnel, Rick handled the production side, drawing on his training as an engineer.
Horace retired in 1992 and Rick left in 2006 to run Quality Machine when they decided to split the two divisions into separate companies.
All the while, an astute observer to the events likely would have noticed the third generation busily performing duties on the periphery over the years.
The drone of a lawnmower would signal that one of Horace's grandchildren was trimming the company's lawn. Loud banging throughout the shop was a dead-giveaway that Adam was collecting scrap, a job likely assigned by Russ.
The first of the second generation to join Quality Switch was Jeremy, who came on in 2001 after another job offer fell through.
He started interviewing and received several offers from companies out of state, but his fiancé wanted to stay in the area, and he was beginning to see a bright future at the family business.
It was company President Larry Dix who suggested he apply for an engineering position.
"My dad said, 'I don't want to interview him. You can interview him.' That's how it started," Jeremy says.
His younger sister, Laura, joined the company in 2003, followed by Adam, who came on in 2008 when his job at Delphi appeared in jeopardy.
Today, Adam is a design engineer, Jeremy has his hands in sales and engineering, and Laura handles the purchasing, although everyone "wears many hats," Jeremy says, just as with any family business.
"Laura does purchasing but she also does a lot of other administrative stuff. She helps with payroll too," he adds.
The first challenge the siblings had to overcome was helping the business grow, which needed to happen quickly, because at the time it wasn't lucrative enough to support them all.
Quality Switch began focusing on selling its products internationally, and today, exports account for 40% of all sales.
As a result, Russ says, the company has almost tripled in size since 2002, now employing 40.
In 2012, the company received a patent for a grounding switch, an effort Adam spearheaded, and in 2016, it opened the Horace H. Sewell High Voltage Testing and Research Center.
The fact that they all get along has been a big help.
"I've actually fought less with Jeremy since I started working here," Adam says.
In some ways, Laura says, it's more of a headache for the family members not employed there.
"You take it home. When we get together outside of work, we talk about work," she says.
"It drives the rest of our family crazy," Jeremy adds.
The family says they recently revised the succession plan put in place five years ago. Russ, who has begun "cutting back a little" at work, says he learned the importance of succession planning from his father.
Horace continued coming to work every day until he died in 2011, and his example is one reason the Sewells are unable to turn their passion for the business on and off as if it were one of the switches they manufacture.
While Quality Switch today is a far different business than the one Horace started nearly 70 years ago, it's still one he would no doubt enjoy coming to work in everyday. His son sure does.
Pictured: Laura Whitmore, Jeremy Sewell and Adam Sewell are the third generation at Quality Switch, following in the footsteps of their father, Russell Sewell, and grandfather, who founded the Newton Falls manufacturer in 1952.


text:
package com.beltaief.flowlayout.util;

/**
 * Created by wassim on 9/13/16.
 */
public interface ConnectivityListener {
    void onChanged(boolean status);
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Stick is 3 5/8" long.
"These stick barrettes work great over a bun or pony tail that is already fixed in place. They are lightweight and somewhat flexible so you can open or close them to perfectly fit your specific hair style. Each is handmade so has different stamping. A lovely adornment to set off beautiful hair."


text:
\section{Introduction}
\label{sec:1}

There has been recently a renewed interest$^{\cite{bb:eidelman}}$
on two basic quantities,
both related to the photon vacuum polarization: the hadronic
contribution to the anomalous moment of the muon, $a_{\mu}$, and the
running QED charge $\overline{\alpha}$ defined at the $Z$ particle
pole. In what respects the first, the reason is the advanced status
of the experiment planned at Brookhaven which should improve the
present accuracy by more than one order of magnitude; in what respects
the second, because the quantity $\overline{\alpha}_{QED}(M_Z^2) $
plays a leading role in precision determination of electroweak
parameters.

In this paper we consider the contributions of the hadronic part of the
photon vacuum polarization tensor to $a_{\mu}$ and
$\overline{\alpha}_{QED}(M_Z^2)$, that we write respectively as
\begin{equation}
a_{\mu}^{(2)}({\rm had}) \ \ \ \ \ ,\ \ \ \ \
\Delta \overline{\alpha}_{QED}^{(2)}({\rm had} \;,\;M_Z^2)\ .
\eqnum{1.1}
\end{equation}
These quantities may be expressed in terms of the photon hadron vacuum
polarization function $\Pi_{h}$.  One can then write a dispersion
relation for this function in such a way that the experimentally
accessible quantity
\begin{equation}
R(t) = { \sigma (e^+ e^- \rightarrow \gamma^* \rightarrow hadrons)
\over \sigma (e^+ e^- \rightarrow \mu^+ \mu^-) }
\eqnum {1.2}
\end{equation}
appears instead of $\Pi_h$:
\begin{eqnarray}
\eqnum{1.3}
&& a_h \equiv
 a_{\mu}^{(2)}({\rm had}) =
 \int_{4\,m_\pi^2}^{\infty} dt\; R(t) \; K(t) \ \ ,\\
\eqnum{1.4}
&& \Delta \alpha_h \equiv
\Delta \overline{\alpha}_{QED}^{(2)}({\rm had} \;,\;M_Z^2)
	= - {\alpha_{QED}\,M_Z^2 \over 3\,\pi }\;
   \int_{4\,m_\pi^2}^{\infty} dt\; {R(t) \over t(t-M_Z^2)} \ \ .
\end{eqnarray}
Here,
\begin{equation}
\eqnum{1.5}
K(t) = {\alpha_{QED} \over 3\,\pi^2 \,t}\;
	\int_{0}^{1} dz \;{ z^2(1-z) \over z^2 + (1-z)\,t/m_{\mu}^2 }\ .
\end{equation}

The reason why we think we can improve on existing estimates of
$a_h,\ \Delta \alpha_h$ is that we may use the very reliable {\em
theoretical} QCD calculations\footnote{The fact that QCD calculations
are more precise than the use of experimental data was already noted
in e.g. Ref. \cite{bb:casas}.}
that have been extended with great precision to
regions previously unaccessible; in particular$^{\cite{bb:kassa}}$
to the regions
right above threshold for heavy quark production ($c\bar{c},\
b\bar{b}$) as well as the very low ($t^{1/2} \sim 1.2 \;GeV$)
energies.
The extensions have been possible because of
the high orders attained by the QCD
calculations$^{\cite{bb:chetyrkin}}$
and the use of the precisely known value of
$\alpha_s$ on the $\tau$ mass$^{\cite{bb:pich}}$,
\begin{equation}
\eqnum{1.6}
\alpha_s( m_{\tau}^2 ) = 0.33 \pm 0.05 \ \ .
\end{equation}
Likewise, the use of the value$^{\cite{bb:pdb}}$ of $\alpha_s$ at the $Z$,
\begin{equation}
\eqnum{1.7}
\alpha_s( M_Z^2 ) = 0.119 \pm 0.003 \ \ ,
\end{equation}
allows us to reduce still further the uncertainties in the high energy
regions.

\section{Contribution from the region
$\ \lowercase{t}^{1/2}<1.1\;G\lowercase{e}V$ }
\label{sec:2}

In the region $t^{1/2} < 1.1\;GeV$, perturbative QCD is clearly invalid.
One thus has to rely on experiment, supplemented by old-fashioned
hadron theory. The region may be further split into the $\rho$
resonance region (say, $t^{1/2} \le 0.8\; GeV$) and the rest. For
$a_h$ we have,
\begin{equation}
a_h(t^{1/2} < 0.8 ) = ( 4821 \pm 24 \pm 27 )\times 10^{-11} \;
+ (25 \pm 3)\times 10^{-11} \eqnum{2.1}\ .
\end{equation}
Here the second term in the r.h.s. is the $\omega-\rho$ interference
contribution. The first error is statistical; the second (when given)
will be the systematic one. Eq. (2.1) presents the value reported in Ref.
\cite{bb:casas};
other authors give compatible estimates.
We will improve on $(2.1)$ slightly later on.

To this one has to add the contribution of the region
$0.8 < t^{1/2} \le 1.1 $ which gives, using experimental data only,
\begin{equation}
a_h (0.8 < t^{1/2} \le 1.1) = (1100 \pm 94) \times 10^{-11} \ .\eqnum{2.2}
\end{equation}
This region, about which little can be done at present, presents
the largest source of error. Combining
Eqs. (2.1) and (2.2) we have,
\begin{equation}
a_h ( t^{1/2} \le 1.1 \; GeV) = (5947 \pm 97 \pm 27) \times 10^{-11} \ .
\eqnum{2.3}
\end{equation}

For $\Delta\alpha_h$, we have, taking the analysis of the first
article in Ref. \cite{bb:eidelman},
\begin{equation}
 \Delta \alpha_h ( t^{1/2} < 1.1\; GeV) =
	(35 \pm 0.3 \pm 0.7) \times 10^{-4}\ .
\eqnum{2.4}
\end{equation}

The contribution of the region
$\ 1.1 < \lowercase{t}^{1/2}< 2 \;G\lowercase{e}V$
is the topic of next section.

\section{Contribution from the region
$\ 1.1 < \lowercase{t}^{1/2}< 2 \;G\lowercase{e}V$ }
\label{sec:3}

{}From a theoretical point of view, the contribution of this region
presents a challenge, because one cannot use perturbative QCD
reliably, and also because old-fashioned hadron theory does not
describe very well the average experimental data points. In this section,
we explain how one can combine these two theories and give
reliable {\em theoretical} estimates, which can then be compared with
previous estimates based on {\em experimental} data
only$^{\cite{bb:eidelman}}$:
\begin{eqnarray}
\eqnum{3.1}
&& a_h^{\rm {exp}} ( 1.1 \le t^{1/2} < \sqrt{2} \; GeV) =
(278 \pm 25) \times 10^{-11} \ \ ,\\
\eqnum{3.2}
&& \Delta \alpha_h^{\rm {exp}} ( 1.1 < t^{1/2} < \sqrt{2}\; GeV) =
	(13 \pm 0.15 \pm 0.8) \times 10^{-4}\ .
\end{eqnarray}

Let us first estimate the contribution of this region to $R(t)$ using
perturbative QCD only: $R(t)$ may be split as a sum over light quark
flavors:
\begin{equation}
\eqnum{3.3}
R(t) = \sum_{q=u,d,s} R_q(t)\ \ ,
\end{equation}
and one may use the very precise high energy result for $R_q(t)$:
\begin{eqnarray}
\nonumber
R_q^{\rm{h.e.}}(t) \ {\mathop =_{ \bar{v}\to 1}} \ N_c \, Q_q^2\,&&\left\{
 1-{3\over 2}(1-{{\bar{v}}})^2 + {1\over 2}(1-{{\bar{v}}})^3 + \left[
{3\over 4} + {9\over 2} (1-{{\bar{v}}}) \right]
\;{{C_{\!_F}} \alpha_{\hskip-1.pt s}\over \pi}
\right.\\
\nonumber
&& \left.
+ \left[ {9\over 2} \left( \ln{2\over
1-{{\bar{v}}}} -{3\over 8} \right)(1-{{\bar{v}}})^2 \right]
{{C_{\!_F}} \alpha_{\hskip-1.pt s}\over \pi}
+ r_2 \, \left( {\alpha_{\hskip-1.pt s} \over \pi }\right)^2
+ \widetilde{r}_3 \, \left( {\alpha_{\hskip-1.pt s} \over \pi }\right)^3
\right.\\
\eqnum {3.4}
&& \
\left.
+ {9\over 2}(1-\bar{v}) {{C_{\!_F}}}
	\left[
		8.7 \,\left({\alpha_{\hskip-1.pt s} \over \pi } \right)^2
		+ 45.3 \,\left({\alpha_{\hskip-1.pt s} \over \pi }\right)^3
	\right]\;\right\}.
\end{eqnarray}
Here,
\begin{eqnarray}
\nonumber
&& {{\overline{v}}} \equiv
 \sqrt{ 1 - 4\,{{\overline{m}}}^2(t)/t } \ \ \ \ , \ \ \ \ \
   r_2 = 1.986 -0.115\,n_f \ \ \ , \ \ C_{_F}=4/3 \ ,\\
\eqnum{3.5}
&& \widetilde{r}_3 = -6.637 -1.2\,n_f -0.005\,n_f^2
- 1.24 \left( \sum_f Q_f \right)^2 \ \ \ ,
\end{eqnarray}
and $\overline{m}(t)$ and $\alpha_s\equiv \alpha_s(t)$
are the running mass and coupling constant which we may take to two
loops$^{\cite{bb:yndurain}}$.
The {\em justification} of this approximation lies in the fact
that the light quarks are relativistic at these
energies. Numerically, we take $\overline{m}_u = \overline{m}_d = 0$,
and use$^{\cite{bb:yndurain}}$
\begin{equation}
\eqnum{3.6}
\overline{m}_s(1\;GeV^2) = 0.19 \ GeV \ .
\end{equation}
The result $R_{QCD}(t)$ obtained in this approximation is
plotted in Fig. 1.  together with some experimental points. Although
the experimental errors are large, it is clear that our curve
$R_{QCD}$ will not give a reliable estimate.  Before we explain how
this can be improved, let us first describe another approximation
for $R(t)$ based on old-fashioned hadron theory.

\vspace{5mm}

\begin{center}
    \leavevmode
    \epsfverbosetrue
    \epsfxsize=3.5truein
    \epsffile{Fig1.eps}
\end{center}

\begin{center}
{\bf Fig. 1.}
\end{center}

To do this, we evaluate the contribution of the individual
channels, in the quasi-two-body approximation.
Thus, we have the two-body channels $\pi^+\pi^-$, $K^+K^-$,
$K^0\overline{K}^0$,
and the quasi-two-body channels
$\rho^{+} \pi^{-} $,
$\rho^{-} \pi^{+} $,
$\rho^{0} \pi^{0}$,
$\rho^{0} \eta$,
$\omega \pi^{0}$,
$\phi^{0} \pi^{0}$,
$\phi^{0} \eta$,
$K^{*\,0} K^{0}$,
$K^{*\,+} K^{-}$,
$K^{*\,-} K^{+} $.

The contribution of the first is estimated using the corresponding
form factors,
$\rho$ or $\phi$ dominated: we obtain
\begin{equation}
\Delta R(t)^{\rm{resonances}} =
\left| F_{\pi}(t) \right|^2 {1\over 4}\left( 1- {4\,m_{\pi}^2 \over t} \right)
+
\left| F_{K}(t) \right|^2 {1\over 4}\left( 1- {4\,m_{K}^2 \over t} \right)
\ \ , \eqnum{3.7}
\end{equation}
where
\begin{eqnarray}
\nonumber
F_{\pi}(t) &&= { m_{\rho}^2 + m_{\rho} m_{\pi} \xi_0 \over
m_{\rho}^2 - t - i\,m_{\rho} (t/4-m_{\pi}^2)^{3/2} \,\xi_0 }
\hskip1truecm , \hskip1truecm
\xi_0 \equiv {\Gamma_{\rho} \over (m_{\rho}^2/4 - m_{\pi}^2 )^{3/2} }\ ;\\
\nonumber
F_{K}(t) &&= { m_{\phi}^2 + m_{\phi} m_{K} \xi_1 \over
m_{\phi}^2 - t - i\,m_{\phi} (t/4-m_{K}^2)^{3/2} \,\xi_1 }
\hskip1truecm , \hskip1truecm
\xi_1 \equiv {\Gamma_{\phi} \over (m_{\phi}^2/4 - m_{K}^2 )^{3/2} }\ .
\end{eqnarray}
Note that we have combined the contribution coming
from both $K^+K^-$ and $K^0\overline{K}^0$ into the function
$F_K$ .

The quasi-two-body channels contribution to $R(t)$ is estimated in the
vector-meson dominance approximation:
\begin{equation}
\eqnum{3.8}
\Delta R(t)^{\rm{quasi-2-body}} =
 \sum_{{V,P}=\rho+\pi^-,\dots}{\Gamma(\gamma^* \rightarrow V P)
\over \Gamma(\gamma^* \rightarrow \mu^+\mu^-) }\ \ .
\end{equation}
Using the phenomenological interactions
\begin{equation}
{\cal{L}}_{VP} = g_{VP} \,\epsilon^{\mu\nu\alpha\beta} F_{\mu\nu}
V_{\alpha\beta}\phi_{P}\ \ ,
\eqnum{3.9}
\end{equation}
one can relate this to the radiative decay widths,
\begin{equation}
\Delta R(t)=  \sum_{{V,P}=\rho+\pi^-,\dots}
{3\, m_V^3 \, \Gamma(V \rightarrow \gamma \,P) \over
\alpha_{QED}\, (m_V^2-m_P^2)^3 }
{ \left[ t - (m_V+m_P)^2 \right]^{3/2} \left[ t - (m_V-m_P)^2 \right]^{3/2}
 \over t^{1/2} \, (t-4\,m_{\mu}^2)^{3/2} }\ .
\eqnum{3.10}
\end{equation}
The decay widths are taken from experiment.
The result $R(t)_{\rm{two-body}}$ we obtain in this approximation is
also plotted in Fig. 1. It unfortunately does
not represent an average of the experimental points.  To bring these
approximations closer to experiment, we construct the following
interpolation curve which reproduces
both evaluations in their ranges of validity: we note note that QCD
works at the higher energies, and the old-fashioned hadron evaluation
at the lower energies. Then,
\begin{eqnarray}
\nonumber
&& R^{(t_0)}(t) \equiv R(t)_{\rm{two-body}} \; \exp( - t^5/\sqrt{5}\,t_0^5 )
+ R_{QCD}(t) \;\left[ 1 - \exp( - t^5/\sqrt{5}\,t_0^5 ) \right] \ ,\\
\eqnum{3.11}
&& \ \ \ t_0^{1/2} = 1.25\ ,\ 1.3 \ ,\ 1.35 \ GeV \ \ .
\end{eqnarray}
The point $t_0$ is chosen to fit experiment.
These curves are drawn in Fig. 1 (solid curves) and represent
a significant improvement from what we had previously.
The numerical results obtained with these interpolation functions
are:
\begin{eqnarray}
\eqnum{3.12}
&& a_h ( 1.1 < t^{1/2} \le \sqrt{2} \; GeV) =
(265 \pm 22) \times 10^{-11} \ ,\\
\eqnum{3.13}
&& \Delta \alpha_h ( 1.1 < t^{1/2} \le \sqrt{2} \; GeV ) =
	(15.3 \pm 1.4) \times 10^{-4}\ .
\end{eqnarray}
The central values have been obtained using $R^{(t_0^{1/2}=1.3\;
GeV)}$, and the systematic errors have been estimated from the
difference $\ \left|R^{(t_0^{1/2}=1.3\;GeV)} -
R^{(t_0^{1/2}=1.35\;GeV)}\right|$. (These errors are in our opinion
over-estimated and should in principle be
reduced. We will however not do that here).
Comparing the numbers given in Eqs. (3.12, 3.13) with those given in
Eqs. (3.1, 3.2) we see they agree, within errors. We however believe
our evaluation to be more reliable than those estimates
which were obtained using experimental data only, because of the known
existence of large systematic errors of the last.

\section{Contribution from the region
$\ \lowercase{t} > 2\;G\lowercase{e}V^2$}
\label{sec:4}

For $t>2\;GeV^2$, we distinguish two different contributions. The first
is due to the $J/\psi$ and $\Upsilon$ bound states and the results can be
taken from the first article of Ref. \cite{bb:eidelman}:
\begin{eqnarray}
\eqnum{4.1}
&& a_h ( J/\psi)   = (86 \pm 4.1 \pm 4) \times 10^{-11} \ ,\\
\eqnum{4.2}
&& a_h ( \Upsilon) = (1 \pm 0 \pm 0.1) \times 10^{-11} \ ,\\[5pt]
\eqnum{4.3}
&& \Delta \alpha_h  ( J/\psi) =
	(11.34 \pm 0.55 \pm 0.61) \times 10^{-4}\ ,\\
\eqnum{4.4}
&& \Delta \alpha_h  ( \Upsilon) =
	(1.18 \pm 0.05 \pm 0.06) \times 10^{-4}\ .
\end{eqnarray}

The second contribution comes from the continuum regions, i.e. the
regions above $q\bar{q}$ thresholds. As before, we split $R(t)$ as
\begin{equation}
\eqnum{4.5}
R(t) = \sum_{q=u,d,s,c,b,t} R_q(t)\ \ .
\end{equation}
For the light quarks $u,\;d,\;s$, only the high energy region needs to
be considered; the corresponding expression for $R_q$ was given in Eq.
(3.4). For the {\em heavy} quarks, $c,\ b,\ t,$ we also need the value
of $R_q$ for small and intermediate velocities.  At low energy, the
value of $R_q$ is known with great precision$^{\cite{bb:kassa}}$:
\begin{eqnarray}
\nonumber
R_q^{\rm{l.e.}}(t) \ {\mathop =_{ v\to 0}} \ N_c \, Q_q^2\,&&\left\{
{v(3-v^2) \over 2} + \left( - {6\,v\over \pi} + {3\,\pi\,v^2 \over 4
}\right) \,{C_{\!_F}}\,\widetilde{\alpha}_{\hskip-1.3pt s} \right\}
\left( 1 - {2\,\pi \langle \alpha_{\hskip-1.pt s} \,G^2\rangle \over
192 \, m^4\,v^6} \right) \\
\eqnum {4.6}
&& \times \big[ 1+2\,c_{\,0}(t) \big] \, { \pi\,{C_{\!_F}}
\widetilde{\alpha}_{\hskip-1.3pt s} /v \over 1 -
e^{-\pi{C_{\!_F}}\widetilde{\alpha}_{\hskip-1.3pt s}/v } }\ \ ,\\
\nonumber
&& v \equiv \sqrt{1-4\,m^2/t} \ \ \ \ , \ \ \ \ \
\widetilde{\alpha}_{\hskip-1.3pt s} = \alpha_{\hskip-1.pt s}(t) \;
\left[ 1 + { a_1 + {\gamma_{\!_E}} {\beta_{\!_0}}/2 \over \pi } \;
	\alpha_{\hskip-1.pt s}(t) \right] \ ,\\
\nonumber
&& a_1= { 93 - 10\,n_f \over 36} \ \ \ \ , \ \ \ \
 {\beta_{\!_0}} = {11 - {2\over 3 } n_f }  \ \ ,
\end{eqnarray}
where
\begin{eqnarray}
\nonumber
&& c_{\,0}(t) \ \ {\mathop =_{ka \ll 1}} \ \ {{\beta_{\!_0}} \,
\alpha_{\hskip-1.pt s} (t)\over 4\,\pi}
\,\left[ \ln {t^{1/2}\,a\over 2} - 1 - 2\,{\gamma_{\!_E}}
+ {(ka)^2 \over 12} + {(ka)^4 \over 40} + \dots \right] \ ,\\
\nonumber
&& k\equiv m v\ \ , \ \
a \equiv { 2 / m {C_{\!_F}} \widetilde{\alpha}_{\hskip-1.3pt s}(t) }\ .
\end{eqnarray}
An exact expression for $c_0(t)$ (which represents the
radiative corrections) may be found in Ref. \cite{bb:kassa}.
Eq. (4.6) includes also nonperturbative corrections with
$\ \langle \alpha_{\hskip-1.pt s} G^2\rangle  = 0.042 \pm 0.020\ GeV^4$,
and the evaluation is valid until these are of order unity, $i.e.$,
down to a critical velocity
\begin{equation}
v_{crit} \sim \left( { 2\, \pi \langle \alpha_{\hskip-1.pt s} \,G^2\rangle
\over 192 \,{\beta_{\!_0}} \, m^4}
\right)^{1/6} \ \ \ .
\eqnum{4.7}
\end{equation}
For the heavy quarks, we find it more convenient
to reexpress the $\overline{m}$
in terms of the {\em pole} masses $m$: one has$^{\cite{bb:coquereaux}}$
\begin{eqnarray}
\eqnum{4.8}
&& {{\overline{m}}}(t) = m\,\left[ { \alpha_{\hskip-1.pt s}(t)
\over \alpha_{\hskip-1.pt s}(m^2) } \right]^{-\gamma_0/\beta_{\!_0}}\;
\left\{
  1 + { A\,\alpha_{\hskip-1.pt s}(t)
- ({C_{\!_F}}-A)\alpha_{\hskip-1.pt s}(m^2) \over \pi}
\right\} \ \ ,\\
\nonumber
&& A \equiv
{ {\beta_{\!_1}} \gamma_0 - {\beta_{\!_0}} \gamma_1 \over {\beta_{\!_0}}^2}\ ,
\ \ \ \gamma_0 = -4 \ ,\ \ \ \ \beta_{\!_1} = 102 - {38\over 3}\,n_f\ ,
\ \ \ \ \gamma_1 = -{202\over 3} + {20\over 9} \, n_f \ \ ,
\end{eqnarray}
with the values of the pole masses given by$^{\cite{bb:titard}}$
\begin{equation}
m_c = 1570 \pm 60 \ MeV \ \ \ , \ \ \
m_b = 4906 \pm 85 \ MeV\ \ ,
\eqnum{4.9}
\end{equation}
and we take$^{\cite{bb:mtop}}$
\begin{equation}
m_t = 180 \pm 12 \ GeV \ \ .
\eqnum{4.10}
\end{equation}
A crude estimate can now be obtained if one uses for $R_q(t) \ (q=c,b,t)$
the following approximation:
\begin{equation}
R_q^{(I)}(t) = \left\{
   \begin{array}{lcl}
      R_q^{\rm{l.e.}} \ & \ {\rm {if}}\  & \ v_{crit} < v \le 1/2 \\
      R_q^{\rm{h.e.}} \ & \ {\rm {if}}\  & \ v > 1/2
   \end{array}
\right.
\eqnum{4.11}
\end{equation}
The expression is however discontinuous at $v=1/2$. To obtain a smooth
joining of the low and high energy regions, we can use the following
two interpolation curves for $R_q(t)$:
\begin{eqnarray}
\eqnum{4.12}
&& R_q^{(II)}(t) = (1-v)  R_q^{\rm{l.e.}} + v\; R_q^{\rm{h.e.}} \ ,\\
\eqnum{4.13}
&& R_q^{(III)}(t) = (1-v^3)  R_q^{\rm{l.e.}} + v^3\; R_q^{\rm{h.e.}} \ .
\end{eqnarray}
We consider $R_q^{(II)}$ to be a very reasonable approximation, and
take the difference between $R_q^{(I,II,III)}$ as
an estimate of the systematic error due interpolations.
We also take into account the error due to the
input parameters
$\alpha_s(m_{\tau})$, $\alpha_s(M_{Z})$, and $m_t$, as well as the
error due to the non-perturbative contribution.
The last is obtained by setting
$\langle \alpha_s G^2 \rangle =0$ in Eq. (4.6)
and allowing the velocity $v$ of
the heavy quarks to go to zero.
Our best estimate for the contribution of the regions
in the continuum is:
\begin{eqnarray}
\eqnum{4.14}
&& a_h ( {\rm{continuum}}, t^{1/2} > \sqrt{2} \; GeV) =
(826.4 \pm 7.8 \pm 9.8 \pm 8) \times 10^{-11} \ ,\\
\eqnum{4.15}
&& \Delta \alpha_h ({\rm{continuum}}, t^{1/2} > \sqrt{2} \; GeV) =
	(226.6 \pm 3.7 \pm 1 \pm 1) \times 10^{-4}\ .
\end{eqnarray}
The first systematic error is due to interpolations, the second is due
to the error in the input parameters, and the last is the
non-perturbative one.

\section{Conclusion}
\label{sec:5}

Besides using our theoretical estimates for the high energy regions
\begin{equation}
t^{1/2}>1.1\,{\rm GeV},\;\sqrt{2}\,{\rm GeV}
\end{equation}
for ${\rm Im}\Pi(t)$ an extra (slight) improvement may be incorporated
if we repeat the dispersive analysis of Ref.{\cite{bb:casas}}
in the $\rho$ region using recent data. The reason
for this improvement is the following: in that paper the $\rho$
contribution to (say) $a_h(t^{1/2}<0.9\,{\rm GeV})$, had been estimated
from fits to the pion form factor $F_{\pi}$ alone (but both in the
spacelike and timelike regions) or imposing also the values of the
$\pi\pi$ phase shifts.
 The first method gave $m_{\rho}=768\,{\rm MeV}$, the second
 $m_{\rho}=778\pm 2\,{\rm MeV}$, both compatible (at the $2\sigma$
level) with the then preferred experimental value $m_{\rho}=769\pm
3\,{\rm MeV}$.  Although, as explained in Ref.{\cite{bb:casas}},
the first method was considered more reliable, both were combined
taking the difference between the two determinations as a measure of
the {\it systematic} error of the calculation. Since the presently
accepted experimental figure, $m_{\rho}=768.1\pm 0.5\,{\rm MeV}$
clearly discriminates in favor of the method based on $F_{\pi}$ only,
we can dispense with the (poorly known) $\pi\pi$ phase shifts and
avoid the systematic error.
We need only alter the evaluation by taking into account the change in
the accepted value for the $\rho$ width,
$\Gamma_\rho=151.5\pm1.2\,{\rm MeV}$ from that used in Ref.{\cite{bb:casas}},
$158\,{\rm MeV}$ (compatible with the 1985 experimental value,
$\Gamma_\rho=154\pm 5\,{\rm MeV}$ but not with the presently preferred
one). To first order this is easily taken
into account as a variation $\Delta\Gamma/\pi m_\rho=-0.27\,\%$.

The results are summarized in the following tables where we also
report, for purposes of comparison, the evaluations of the first (EJ)
and third (MZ) papers of Ref.\cite{bb:eidelman}.
We have composed quadratically statistical and
systematic errors: there are so many of the last, and of such varied
origins, that they may be taken to behave statistically on the
average. For the muon anomaly we have,
\begin{eqnarray}
\nonumber
a_h(t^{1/2}<\sqrt{2})=6200.0\pm 101.4\times 10^{-11} &&
\ \ \ ({\rm This \;work})\\
\nonumber
a_h(t^{1/2}<\sqrt{2})=6342.3\pm 137.7\times 10^{-11} &&
\ \ \ ({\rm EJ,\;Ref.\cite{bb:eidelman}})
\end{eqnarray}
and
\begin{eqnarray}
\nonumber
a_h(t^{1/2}>\sqrt{2})=913.4\pm 14.9\times 10^{-11} &&
\ \ \  ({\rm This \;work})\\
\nonumber
a_h(t^{1/2}>\sqrt{2})=908.2\pm 77.1\times 10^{-11} &&
\ \ \  ({\rm EJ,\;Ref.\cite{bb:eidelman}})\,,
\end{eqnarray}
with the overall results
\begin{eqnarray}
\nonumber
a_h=7113.4\pm 102.5\times 10^{-11} &&
\ \ \  ({\rm This \;work})\\
\nonumber
a_h=7250.4\pm 157.6\times 10^{-11} &&
\ \ \  ({\rm EJ,\;Ref.\cite{bb:eidelman}})\,.
\end{eqnarray}
which agree within the quoted errors.

For the running QED coupling, one has
\begin{eqnarray}
\nonumber
\Delta\alpha_h(t^{1/2}<\sqrt{2})=50.3\pm 1.6\times10^{-4} &&
\ \ \  ({\rm This\;work})\\
\nonumber
\Delta\alpha_h(t^{1/2}<\sqrt{2})=47.92\pm 1.06\times10^{-4} &&
\ \ \  ({\rm EJ,\;Ref.\cite{bb:eidelman}})\,,
\end{eqnarray}
and
\begin{eqnarray}
\nonumber
\Delta\alpha_h(t^{1/2}>\sqrt{2})=239.12\pm 4.1\times10^{-4} &&
\ \ \  ({\rm This\;work})\\
\nonumber
\Delta\alpha_h(t^{1/2}>\sqrt{2})=232.45\pm 6.45\times10^{-4} &&
\ \ \  ({\rm EJ,\;Ref.\cite{bb:eidelman}})\,,
\end{eqnarray}
and now the full results are
\begin{eqnarray}
\nonumber
\Delta\alpha_h=289.42\pm 4.35\times10^{-4} &&
\ \ \  ({\rm This\;work})\\
\nonumber
\Delta\alpha_h=280.37\pm 6.54\times10^{-4} &&
\ \ \  ({\rm EJ,\;Ref.\cite{bb:eidelman}})\,.
\end{eqnarray}
Our central value for $\Delta\alpha_h$ is slightly higher than
that of Ref.\cite{bb:eidelman} (EJ), but deviates at the 3-4 $\sigma$--level
from that given by the third article of Ref.\cite{bb:eidelman}:
\begin{eqnarray}
\nonumber
\Delta\alpha_h=273.2\pm 4.2\times10^{-4} &&
\ \ \  ({\rm MZ,\;Ref.\cite{bb:eidelman}})\ .
\end{eqnarray}

We conclude this paper with a few comments on possible ways to improve
the results. Certainly, better knowledge of $\alpha_s$ both on the
$\tau$ and $Z$ masses would increase the precision of the high energy
evaluations; but most of the error comes from the region $0.8\leq
t^{1/2}\leq \sqrt{2}$ GeV. Even a modest improvement of a factor two
in the error in the region between 0.8 and 1.1 GeV would result in a
substantial decrease, roughly by the same amount, of the overall error
for $a_h$, and about 20\% for $\Delta\alpha_{\rm QED}$. This emphasizes
the interest of some of the
 accelerators, projected or in construction, with the capability to
explore these energy ranges.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


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text:
Der Hofzug des portugiesischen Königs war der Hofzug des portugiesischen Königshauses.

Hofzug

Der erste bekannte Hofzug, der in Portugal lief, stammte von 1856, dem Jahr der Eröffnung der ersten Bahnstrecke im Land, und bestand aus drei dreiachsigen Durchgangswagen, von denen zwei jeweils immer nur an einer Seite eine offene Einstiegsplattform hatten. Im Betrieb wurden dem Zug als Schutzwagen noch ein Pack- und ein Güterwagen beigestellt. Fahrzeuge aus dem Zug waren bis 1908 im Einsatz. Der Zug wurde von der portugiesischen Königsfamilie benutzt, wenn sie zu ihrem Palast in Vila Viçosa fuhr, den sie als Landsitz nutzte. Weiter belegt ist die Nutzung des Zuges für die Einweihung der Linha do Leste (1863) und der von Gustave Eiffel entworfenen Ponte Maria Pia über den Douro in Porto (1877). Mindestens eines der Fahrzeuge wurde bei einem Brand im Bahnbetriebswerk des Bahnhofs Santa Apolónia in Lissabon schon im 19. Jahrhundert zerstört.

Weitere Salonwagen

Salonwagen der Königin

Der "Salonwagen der Königin" war ein Geschenk des Königs Viktor Emanuel II. von Sardinien und Piemont an seine Tochter Maria Pia und seinen Schwiegersohn, König Ludwig I. von Portugal, 1862 anlässlich deren Hochzeit. Der Salonwagen wurde bei der belgischen Compagnie Géneral de Materiéls Chemins de Fer de Brussels in Auftrag gegeben und 1858 fertiggestellt. Der Wagen ist in einen Hauptsalon und einen weiteren Salon eingeteilt und hat eine Toilette. Die Ausstattung ist prächtig. Von der äußeren Form her gibt sich der Salonwagen mit drei aneinander gestellten Einzelabteilen in Kutschenform sehr altertümlich. Er ist erhalten und heute im Museu Nacional Ferroviário, dem nationalen Eisenbahnmuseum Portugals, in Entroncamento, ausgestellt.

Kronprinzen-Wagen
Der Salão do Príncipe war ein Geschenk der Königin Maria Pia an ihren ältesten Sohn, den Prinzen Carlos, zu dessen 14. Geburtstag. Der Salonwagen wurde bei dem britischen Hersteller Ibbotson Brothers & Co Ltd. in Auftrag gegeben und 1877 fertiggestellt. Er erhielt die Betriebsnummer Nr. S 3001. Erstmals eingesetzt wurde das Fahrzeug anlässlich der Einweihung der Maria Pia-Brücke im selben Jahr.

Auch dieser Wagen hat einen Hauptsalon, einen weiteren Salon sowie einer Toilette und ist prächtig dekoriert. Er ist ebenfalls erhalten und wird im Museu Nacional Ferroviário ausgestellt.

Weitere Fahrzeuge
Zwei weitere Salonwagen und ein Speisewagen für den Hofzug wurden 1890 bei Désouches David & Cie in Frankreich beschafft.

Präsentation
Die erhaltenen Wagen wurden 1952 im Rahmen der Hundertjahrfeier der portugiesischen Eisenbahnen im Bahnbetriebswerk in Barreiro umfassend aufgearbeitet. 1979 bis 2010 waren sie im Eisenbahnmuseum Santarém ausgestellt. 2010 wurden sie in der Werkstätte des Museu Nacional Ferroviário konserviert und restauriert, um noch im selben Jahr in der Ausstellung "Royal European Journeys" im Eisenbahnmuseum Utrecht in den Niederlanden gezeigt zu werden.

Heute ist der Wagen der Königin und der des Kronprinzen zusammen mit der Lokomotive D. Luiz ("König Ludwig") im Nationalen Eisenbahnmuseum von Portugal im Zugverband ausgestellt.

Die D. Luiz ist eine Dampflokomotive mit Schlepptender, die Beyer Peacock & Co, Manchester, als Lokomotive für den Hofzug 1862 fertigte. Sie ist nach dem damaligen portugiesischen König Ludwig I. benannt. Beyer Peacock stellte die Lokomotive noch vor Auslieferung auf der Londoner Weltausstellung 1862 aus, wo sie mit einer Goldmedaille ausgezeichnet wurde. In Portugal gehörte sie zunächst zum Bestand der Companhia dos Caminhos de Ferro Portugueses ao Sul do Tejo. Sie wurde häufig vor dem Hofzug auf Fahrten nach Vila Viçosa eingesetzt. Bis 1923 fuhr sie dann noch im Vorortverkehr von Lissabon auf der Südbahn.

Siehe auch
 Comboio Presidencial

Literatur
 Paul Dost: Der rote Teppich. Geschichte der Staatszüge und Salonwagen. Franckh'sche Verlagshandlung, Stuttgart 1965.

Weblinks
 Hofzug auf der Homepage des Museu Nacional Ferroviário; abgerufen am 25. Februar 2023.
 Daten zum Hofzug auf Google Arts & Culture; abgerufen am 25. Februar 2023.
 Video zur Restaurierung des Zuges 2010; abgerufen am 25. Februar 2023.

Anmerkungen

Einzelnachweise

Reisezugwagen
Schienenverkehr (Portugal)
Portugiesische Monarchie
Verkehrsgeschichte (Portugal)
Portugal

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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DCCPS has the lead responsibility at NCI for supporting extramural research in cancer surveillance, epidemiology, health services, behavioral science, and cancer survivorship. The goal of DCCPS research is to reduce risk, incidence, and death from cancer as well as to enhance the quality of life for cancer survivors.
DCP conducts and supports research to assess a person's risk of developing cancer and to find ways to reduce that risk. DCP's research portfolio focuses across the continuum between the initiation of the cancer process and the occurrence of the invasive disease, with the goal of detecting changes and intervening early in the cancer process to prevent disease and death.
DCTD facilitates the path to clinical application of promising cancer detection, diagnosis, and treatment methods; it also expedites the initial small-scale and subsequent large-scale testing of new anticancer agents, biomarkers, imaging tests, and other therapeutic interventions in patients. Investigators supported by DCTD engage in scientifically sound, high-risk research that may yield great benefits for patients with cancer but are too difficult or risky for industry or academia to pursue.
DEA coordinates the scientific peer review of extramural research proposals before funding awards are made and conducts systematic surveillance of that research after funding is approved. To this end, it solicits advice from individuals and or committees of experts on the technical and scientific merits of grants, cooperative agreements, and contracts.
OCC supports the 69 NCI-designated cancer centers nationwide. These centers form the backbone of NCI's programs for studying and controlling cancer. The cancer centers are recognized for their scientific leadership, resources, and the depth and breadth of their research in basic, clinical, and/or population sciences.
OHAM coordinates and prioritizes NCI research in HIV/AIDS and HIV malignancies as well as directly initiating and managing certain research programs. OHAM also acts as a point of contact for the NIH Office of AIDS Research and other NIH institutes and centers to coordinate HIV/AIDS and HIV malignancies research efforts across NIH.
CCT provides funding to support extramural training and career development at institutions nationwide, as well as managing intramural training programs at NCI. The goal of CCT's activities is to develop a 21st century workforce capable of advancing cancer research.
CGH develops initiatives and collaborates with other NCI divisions, NCI-designated cancer centers, and other countries to support cancer control planning, build capacity, and support cancer research and cancer research networks in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs).
CRCHD initiates, integrates, and engages in collaborative research studies with NCI divisions and NIH institutes and centers to promote research and training in cancer health disparities and to identify new and innovative scientific opportunities to improve cancer outcomes in communities experiencing an excess burden of cancer.
CSSI creates and implements exploratory programs to develop advanced technologies, trans-disciplinary approaches, infrastructures, and standards to accelerate the creation of publicly available data, knowledge, and tools for cancer research.
Through the SBIR and STTR programs, NCI provides funding for developing and commercializing novel technologies and products to prevent, diagnose, and treat cancer. The SBIR and STTR programs are one of the largest sources of early-stage technology financing in the United States.


text:
One of the main objectives of the FRM4 DOAS project is to develop a centralised NRT (near-real-time/6-24h latency) processing system for MAXDOAS instruments operated within the international Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change (NDACC). The target species for the first phase of the project are tropospheric and stratospheric NO2 vertical profiles, total O3 columns, and tropospheric HCHO profiles. Although the NRT MAX-DOAS centralized processing system will be demonstrated on a limited number of stations from project partners, it will be designed to allow efficient ingestion and processing of radiance spectra (Level 1 data) from a large number of instruments and sites not part of the initial project. The system will also allow for extension to additional species such as SO2, CHOCHO, HONO and H2O. A general overview of the FRM4DOAS service is given below.
Participants joining the FRM4DOAS Service as data providers will benefit from the following advantages:
Free-of-charge systematic Level 1 (radiance spectra) to Level 2 (vertical columns and profiles) NRT processing service
Only 6-24h latency between the submission of the spectra and the availability of final products data files
Continuous quality monitoring for both Level 1 and 2 data with automated feedback to instrument PI in case of anomaly
Increased data visibility as part of an international network (NDACC)
Collaboration to international operational validation projects, e.g. in the frame of Copernicus
Processed level-2 data for scientific use by instrument PIs but also by the overall scientific community
In return of the processing service, instrument PIs will commit to follow the FRM4DOAS guidelines and standards in terms of best practices, data acquisition protocol, and QA/QC for instrument calibration and operation. The protocol for participation to the FRM4DOAS Service will be described in a living document made available at http://frm4doas.aeronomie.be/ProjectDir/Deliverables/FRM4DOAS_D4_MAXDOAS_Best_Practices_20170328_preliminary.pdf. To protect the Intellectual Property Rights of the instrument PIs and avoid any misuse of the generated data sets, a strict data policy will be applied
Beyond the on-going initiating two-year project, ESA plans to financially support the operations and developments for FRM4 DOAS, as well as a contribution to the operational MAX-DOAS activities, to ensure the long-term availability of a harmonised atmospheric composition data set. In order to assess the current MAXDOAS network in terms of instrument calibration and operation and to identify the potential candidate instruments for future inclusion in the FRM4DOAS processing system, a dedicated questionnaire has been created and is made available below:
FRM4DOAS questionnaire (Word version)
FRM4DOAS questionnaire (pdf version)
It is kindly asked to MAXDOAS instrument(s) PIs to fill this questionnaire indicating their interest for eventual future participation in the FRM4DOAS processing system and to return it by e-mail to François Hendrick from BIRA-IASB (This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.).


text:
I CAN'T BE FAITHFUL--to genre
So here's my problem. I can't be faithful. I'm not monogamous. When it comes to fiction, I just can't do it. It would be simpler if I could be. But both as a reader and a writer, I'm drawn to many different genres: literary, fantasy, realism, mystery, sci-fi. To make matters worse I like serious novels that also have some kind of humor in them. I'm most excited by fiction that blends many of these genres and elements.
I'm a mess.
I was on a panel at a writing conference recently and one of my fellow-panelists said that the problem with genre bending/blending was expectation. An editor on the panel agreed. His point: The audience has certain expectations for a genre and if those expectations aren't met they're not going to like the novel.
The panelist said that it was like going to a soft-drink machine and pressing Coke and getting a Dr. Pepper. I absolutely see how that would be disappointing, even maddening. I don't care for Dr. Pepper. Sorry DP fans.
And I do get what he means about expectation, but many of the writers I love have convinced readers to know them well enough to know that their fiction won't fit neatly into a genre label. A few examples would be Neil Gaiman, Kelly Link, Kurt Vonnegut, Stephen King, Chris Moore—or they wander into new territory and later everyone says they're writing in a new genre-- like Gabriel Garcia Marquez and magical realism.
I like realism as a writer and a reader. I'm a fan of John Green and Pete Hautman (who writes in many genres) and Rainbow Rowell and Francisco Stork—to name a few. But I also like fantasy—The Golden Compass, Elsewhere, Harry Potter, and many, many others.
These two genres, when done well, really get me excited as a reader.
They also excite me as a writer but I don't want to have to choose. I don't want to write one or the other. I want to write realism and I want to write fantasy. Both at the same time. I'm telling people I write fantastical realism (which I'm pretty sure isn't a real literary term but if I say it with confidence maybe I won't get called on it) to try to describe what I do in Utopia, Iowa—my novel coming out early next year. There are magical creatures in that novel and people who have gifts that are magical. But the day to day of the novel has many ordinary moments. My main character has pretty normal teenager problems: girl problems, school problems, parent problems. He has a dream of becoming a writer for movies and it both scares and exhilarates him. He also happens to see ghosts.
This is what excites me as a writer. This mix.
To make matters worse and add yet another element: I like to write characters who find humor in our sad, strange, funny world. So that's another thing that excites me when I write fiction. Writing with a sense of humor about the strange and sometimes serious aspects of our world. There are many writers who have this particular problem: Gaiman, Prachett, Green and, of course, Mr. Dickens and Ms. Austen. Many more. I love reading fiction that has this element, which, I suppose, is one of the reasons I love writing it.
Maybe all I'm saying in all this is that as both a writer and a reader the books that most excite me are the ones that surprise me in some way.
I think you have to write what excites you. Anything less—even if it will be easier to sell because it fits more neatly into a category—will be less. The reader will notice. And, more importantly, you won't have nearly as much fun.
Even Character Driven Fiction Needs Plot & Utopia, Iowa GIVEAWAY
PLOT IN THE CHARACTER DRIVEN NOVEL & GIVEAWAY
Just listed this morning (Oct. 15) on goodreads—I'm giving away 5 signed ARCs of the very novel I use as an example in this post (what a coincidence!)—Utopia, Iowa. Sign up for the giveaway and add the book to your reading list if you're so inclined. Thanks.
https://www.goodreads.com/giveaway/show/112041-utopia-iowa
When I sit down to write a novel, I try to think of a situation for a character to be in. I don't usually get it right the first time or even the second or third but I get some of it right and then a little more on the next draft and a little more and so on. The way I develop my situation is by writing my way into my main character. First drafts are always hideous and my main character—if I were to visualize—would be this monster, half-formed and everything out of proportion. Dr. Frankenstein and I have a lot in common.
But as I write, I start to know things about my character because of how he/she speaks and how he/she reacts or creates actions in the scenes and the situations he/she gets into. I have to be patient. This awkward stage is very hard to get through.
My character is driving the story—particularly what my character needs and wants within a specific situation. Scene by scene this might be small things. He/she wants a cup of coffee or a piece of chocolate or to have sex or not to have sex. But in the marathon of the novel there will be something deeper that he or she wants, something I think of as desire (and Robert Olen Butler calls yearning) in order to distinguish it from all the other many, many wants a character has. This will help direct the entire novel's plot.
So one connection between plot and character is that what the character desires, believes they need, will cause them to act and react in certain ways and this will cause things to happen in the novel. Keeping the link between the two helps me focus my story.
Again, character driven fiction will rely heavily—surprise, surprise—on the character(s). So in addition to this desire, you need to understand primary characteristics of your character. For me, character is where it all starts. BUT we still need plot in character driven stories, we need narrative drive, and the connection between plot and character, a symbiotic relationship, is going to power the story forward. It can create opportunities for depth and excitement. Plot and character, linked in a symbiotic relationship, can help you make those connections that are so important in writing a novel and in the finished novel.
In Utopia, Iowa, my main character, Jack, has many things he wants: he wants to write for the movies but is afraid to follow his dream; he wants to leave his small town of Utopia, Iowa, but at the same time doesn't (he loves the quirky little town and its people but he also has the desire to see more of the world); he wants to be more than just best friends with his best friend, Ash, but is afraid that trying to make this happen will destroy their relationship as best friends. You can see the conflicts these "wants" of my character will create. You can probably imagine different ways these wants might play out in the novel. But, in addition to all of these, there's an underlying character trait in Jack that pushes the story along—he likes to help people. In his case, because he, like many in his family, happens to see dead people, some of these people he helps are ghosts. Essential to this particular story is the fact that a dead girl comes to him, one who has been murdered, and asks him to help her find who killed her and how she died (she has death amnesia which, in case you are unfamiliar with this particular condition, is very uncommon among the dead). He should ignore her—he knows trying to find answers for her could get him into trouble-- but…he can't.
I love character driven fiction but I think sometimes writers who say their fiction is character driven decide this somehow means they don't need plot. Au contraire, the connection between plot and character is what makes for good writing and good reading.
Happy Writing…
Even Character Driven Fiction Needs Plot & Utopia,...


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Home>Blog>Did you know? Fact, stories and anecdotes 4
Blog Old Rumour Mill
Did you know? Fact, stories and anecdotes 4
Did you know? Is a new series of articles about stories, facts, news and anecdotes about the Formula One the most of us have forgotten. It are those forgotten little facts that make the sport we love so interesting. As I love to dig into a lot of magazines such as as Autosport MotorSportMagazine and so on it is easy investigation to do.
Did you know: That James Hunt signed a deal with Ferrari for 1979? However, Hunt had a sponsor contract with Vauxhall which let Agnelli to cancel the deal. Instead of take Hunt he accepted the deal he had with Vauxhall. Imagine what could have happen with James racing for Ferrari in 1979 and beyond. Eventually, Hunt ended up at Walter Wolf Racing and left the scene after the Monaco Grand Prix.
Did you know: That the original BRM P160 design came from the famous Das brothers? They were well known for their architectural designs. In 1973 they designed a car for BRM. The P160 was a wing car, at that time it was something new. Sadly, the car was never built.
Did you know: That Red Bull thought they bought the Jordan Grand Prix team from Eddie Jordan at the end of 2004, so they could debut together their Red Bull Racing team and Toro Rosso team? Eventually the deal didn't happen and Red Bull ended up purchasing our beloved Minard F1 Team.
Did you know: That Lewis Hamilton was asked by McLaren to race for the team at Brazil in 2006. It seems McLaren was not happy with Pedro's results. However, Hamilton declined the offer from the team. Eventually he would debut in 2007 for the team, and almost won the championship in 2007.
Did you know: Bernie Ecclestone had a dream for 2013. His dream was to have Kimi and Schumi, who retired from race after 2012, as a driver duo at the Lotus team? Eventually this didn't happen due to the financial situation of the team. If it would have happened, Grosjean would have raced for the Sauber team in 2013.
Did you know: That the Jaguar Racing was looking for a new driver in 2001, they offered Heinz-Harald Frentzen a big amount of money to race for the team in 2001 and 2002. Eventually he turned down the offer for the team. Perhaps for the better.
Do you remember: That the Williams team sacked Alex Zanardi after the 1999 season? Williams was looking for a new driver. A couple of drivers were mentioned and rumoured. Juan-Pablo Montoya, Jos The Boss, Darren Manning and even Jacques Villeneuve! Eventually Jenson Button won a shoot out with Janqueira and became one of the drivers.
Did you know: That if you still don't see Taki Inoue as true legend you will see him like after reading this. For the 1996 season Inoue contacted Ken Tyrrell and told him he would like it to race for the team in 1996. Personally I would have let him two or three Grand Prix's just for the shake of it. Eventually, Tyrrell ended up with Salo and Katayama.
Do you remember: That Arrows had a rough season in 2002. Mid-season the team disappeared from the grid with a lot of scandals and strange behaviour. Though, Fernando Alonso was asked to replace Heinz-Harald Frentzen who left the team in mid-season. While this never happened it seems that Sebastian Bourdais already had a contract to race for the team in 2003!
Did you know: That Jos Verstappen was asked by Tom Walkinshaw to return to the team after Heinz-Harald Frentzen left the team? As the car was designed around Verstappen his driving style he probably believed it could help the team. Eventually, Arrows disappeared from the grid.
Do you remember: That Damon Hill told Eddie Jordan during the season he was to retire early? He was to quit with the Formula One after the British Grand Prix. His replacement would have been Mika Salo. However, Michael Schumacher broke his leg during the British Grand Prix. Ferrari asked Mika Salo to take over the seat. Which meant that Hill stayed at Jordan. While there were talks with Jos Verstappen to replace Hill as well. Though, Verstappen was busy with the Honda project!
Tagged Arrows, Bernie Ecclestone, Bourdais, BRM P160, Das Brothers, did you know, Ferrari, Heinz-Harald Frentzen, Honda, Jaguar Racing, James Hunt, Jordan Grand Prix, Jos Verstappen, Kimi, Lewis Hamilton, Lotus, Mclaren, Red Bull, Schumacher, Taki Inoue, Williams
Goodbye, my love, Goodbye Formula One
Goodbye my love, Goodbye, Goodbye, auf Wiedersehen, Goodbye and au revoir my love. Demis Roussos sang it in 1973, after
Schumacher Racing: Michael as team boss in 2008
Michael Schumacher as team boss in the Formula One? The impossible would become possible. As we have to believe Eddie
Jos Verstappen and his options for 2004 and 2005
Jos Verstappen had a contract to race for the Orange Arrows team from Tom Walkinshaw. However, just before the start
The March CG921 became the Lotus 107
More than 24 Formula One races? No thank you!
Nationale autosport in Nederland anno 2018
Revival of the British F3000 championship


Career GuideDo you feel as if you are just trying to survive? Do you put up with things you don't like? Are you settling for what you are given and not enjoying things very much? Are you perhaps wondering whether you are in the wrong job because things aren't going the way you feel they should be going? You have settled for surviving and now things need to change. You need to make some different choices from now on. You need a career guide. It starts with valuing yourself and expressing what is important to you in the workplace. As you do this your confidence will grow and you will have more time for fun. Let's take a closer look now.
Your challenge is to move from a 'doing' state into a creative state. When you are so entrenched in your duties, tasks and jobs, you forget to see the bigger picture, the bigger picture of you. Has this happened to you? Are you so focused on surviving that you can't see and respond to your opportunities? If so, you need a career guide.
Take a close look at what has been happening. What have you been putting up with? What are you unhappy about? What talents aren't you currently using? What would you like to change?
Listed below are a few tips to help you get out of this survival state.
Take back the power. You are in charge of your career and you cannot afford to wait for someone within your organisation to put you up for promotion or ask you to work with them. In effect, you are working for yourself from now on and you are only hired because of your skills and abilities. You need to manage your career portfolio on a regular basis. What knowledge do you need to add to your portfolio? What new skills could benefit you in the long run? Start to focus more on yourself and what you need to learn and experience.
Expect the best. Stop settling for what you think you can have. Get into the habit of raising your standards and not accepting work or tasks that either don't pay you what you want or fulfil you. Think big and start to put out the message that what you are willing to accept has changed. Either make three phonecalls per day to clients or talk to three different people within the business about what you are now working on.
Work with people who value you. Who are your 'ideal' co-workers or clients? These are the ones who value and appreciate you. Make a list of the people you like to work with. What three things do you need to feel good about working with someone?The biggest tactical error most people make is that they will work with anyone no matter how they are treated. You don't need to do this any more. People who don't make you feel good drag you down eventually. So you have a choice to make, either you educate the people around you about how you wish to be treated or you stop working with them.
Create a picture of the business life that you would like. Write down what you want in your life. How much do you want to be earning? How many hours do you want to be working? What aspects of the job do you want to grow? You are in charge now and you need to define your career journey. You need to stretch for something and work towards achieving it.
Create a business plan. You need a plan, ideally a one, three and five- year plan. It is easier to work backward so where do you want to be in five years' time? Try to be wild and think big. Describe your career from every angle and once you have done this do the same for the three-year and one-year plan. Include what you'll be doing and where you'll be working. Use this plan to get the structure and support system in place.
Focus on the processes. It would be a good idea to get what you do into a system. This way you can delegate more and spend more of your time doing the things that you are brilliant at. Sit down and write out what you do and the order in which you do it. Could you create a permanent system for any of this? Could anyone else perform some of your duties?
Ask for what you want. How much you feel you are worth? Do you believe in yourself enough to ask for what you are worth? Do you say 'yes' to everything at work even if you know it isn't what you want? Do you know what is acceptable to you? If you have a sense of dread about a part of your job then it is something which is unacceptable to you. Try to define yourself and as you do so it will help you to ask for what you want.
If you would like to get out of the survival state and move into a better paid job we can help you. Use us as our career guide and send your CV to us and discover why your CV might be letting you down. Go to our CV Assessment page.


text:
JAVA_VERSION=1.8.0
HADOOP_VERSION=2.7.0
MAVEN_VERSION=3.3.3

set -e

if [ "$(id -u)" != "0" ]; then
   echo "This script must be run as root" 1>&2
   exit 1
fi

# Dev tools
sudo yum install -y java-$JAVA_VERSION-openjdk-devel gcc gcc-c++ ant git
# Perf tools
sudo yum install -y dstat iotop strace sysstat htop perf
sudo debuginfo-install -q -y glibc
sudo debuginfo-install -q -y kernel
sudo yum --enablerepo='*-debug*' install -q -y java-$JAVA_VERSION-openjdk-debuginfo.x86_64

# PySpark and MLlib deps
sudo yum install -y  python-matplotlib python-tornado scipy libgfortran
# SparkR deps
sudo yum install -y R
# Other handy tools
sudo yum install -y pssh tmux tree
# Ganglia
sudo yum install -y ganglia ganglia-web ganglia-gmond ganglia-gmetad

# Root ssh config
sudo sed -i 's/PermitRootLogin.*/PermitRootLogin without-password/g' \
  /etc/ssh/sshd_config
sudo sed -i 's/disable_root.*/disable_root: 0/g' /etc/cloud/cloud.cfg

# Set up ephemeral mounts
sudo sed -i 's/mounts.*//g' /etc/cloud/cloud.cfg
sudo sed -i 's/.*ephemeral.*//g' /etc/cloud/cloud.cfg
sudo sed -i 's/.*swap.*//g' /etc/cloud/cloud.cfg

echo "mounts:" >> /etc/cloud/cloud.cfg
echo " - [ ephemeral0, /mnt, auto, \"defaults,noatime,nodiratime\", "\
  "\"0\", \"0\" ]" >> /etc/cloud.cloud.cfg

for x in {1..23}; do
  echo " - [ ephemeral$x, /mnt$((x + 1)), auto, "\
    "\"defaults,noatime,nodiratime\", \"0\", \"0\" ]" >> /etc/cloud/cloud.cfg
done

# Install Maven (for Hadoop)
cd /tmp
wget "http://archive.apache.org/dist/maven/maven-3/$MAVEN_VERSION/binaries/apache-maven-$MAVEN_VERSION-bin.tar.gz"
tar xvzf apache-maven-$MAVEN_VERSION-bin.tar.gz
mv apache-maven-$MAVEN_VERSION /opt/

# Edit bash profile
echo "export PS1=\"\\u@\\h \\W]\\$ \"" >> ~/.bash_profile
echo "export JAVA_HOME=/usr/lib/jvm/java-$JAVA_VERSION" >> ~/.bash_profile
echo "export M2_HOME=/opt/apache-maven-$MAVEN_VERSION" >> ~/.bash_profile
echo "export PATH=\$PATH:\$M2_HOME/bin" >> ~/.bash_profile

source ~/.bash_profile

# Build Hadoop to install native libs
sudo mkdir /root/hadoop-native
cd /tmp
sudo yum install -y protobuf-compiler cmake openssl-devel
wget "http://archive.apache.org/dist/hadoop/common/hadoop-$HADOOP_VERSION/hadoop-$HADOOP_VERSION-src.tar.gz"
tar xvzf hadoop-$HADOOP_VERSION-src.tar.gz
cd hadoop-$HADOOP_VERSION-src
mvn package -Pdist,native -DskipTests -Dmaven.javadoc.skip=true -Dtar
sudo mv hadoop-dist/target/hadoop-$HADOOP_VERSION/lib/native/* /root/hadoop-native
rm -rf ~/.m2

# Install Snappy lib (for Hadoop)
yum install -y snappy
ln -sf /usr/lib64/libsnappy.so.1 /root/hadoop-native/.

# Create /usr/bin/realpath which is used by R to find Java installations
# NOTE: /usr/bin/realpath is missing in CentOS AMIs. See
# http://superuser.com/questions/771104/usr-bin-realpath-not-found-in-centos-6-5
echo '#!/bin/bash' > /usr/bin/realpath
echo 'readlink -e "$@"' >> /usr/bin/realpath
chmod a+x /usr/bin/realpath


text:
Dog Participates In Workout
His dedication to fitness is inspiring
By Karen B. London PhD, October 2018
Whenever I watch videos of dogs, I'm always curious about what motivates the behavior I see. In this case of a dog apparently exercising along with a group of cyclists he usually joins during rides, I had several thoughts about why the dog is doing what he's doing:
This dog is imitating the people. That is certainly what it looks like at first glance, and it's also what makes the clip so amusing.
He is simply rolling around on his back while playing with his leash and his movements look much like the exercises that the humans are doing.
He has been trained to perform this behavior specifically to match the actions of the people.
My final thought was that I should just enjoy the adorable nature of this video without dwelling on how it came to be. I watched it a few more times just for the fun of it and then couldn't help myself and went back to contemplating what was going on. What do you think is happening in this video?
screen grab from Golden Retriever Participates In Workout Class
Karen B. London, PhD, is a Certified Applied Animal Behaviorist and Certified Professional Dog Trainer who specializes in working with dogs with serious behavioral problems, including aggression. She has authored five books on canine training and behavior.
Chaser Had Giant vocabulary, Giant Fan Base
How Deep Is the Love for Our Dogs?
Good Vibrations Dog Training
When Greetings Are a Contact Sport
By Karen B. London, PhD
Poop Finder Extraordinaire
By Claudia Kawczynska
How to Help With Separation Anxiety in Dogs
By Jennifer Gauntt, Texas A&M University


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Our culture of security and how we stay ahead of emerging threats.
How to address today's biggest security concerns.
At Relativity, security isn't just a checklist - it's a way of life and a reflection of our core values. From our people and operations, to how we design RelativityOne and the foundation we build on in Microsoft Azure - security is a defining component of who we are. As such, we are committed to make RelativityOne the most trusted and reliable cloud solution you will ever use. Extending beyond ISO 27001 compliance, our information security practices and operations include how we deliver - such as staff onboarding and administrative safeguards, the processes and technology needed to protect your data, the security and privacy protection inherent to RelativityOne and Microsoft Azure's infrastructure, and more.
Download this white paper for more details, from hiring practices to password policies and penetration tests.


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Badass Mucker: muddy teamwork for homelessness
On Saturday 11th May, Fine & Country Lancaster and North Lancs and Windermere offices teamed up with Bookcamp Thornton and Lancaster & District Homeless Action Service to tackle the Badass Mucker, a 5km race filled with over 30 obstacle.
The team enjoyed a bright and sunny day, but were caked in mud as soon as the race began. The 5km race was made treacherous and exhausting by the array of elaborate obstacles between the team and the finish line.
Teamwork skills in full swing!
Bessie Hallam, Sales & Marketing from Fine & Country Lancaster says: "The day was a great success and everyone really enjoyed it. It was a tough course and we were so grateful to have a large team to help each other over the taller obstacles, like the hay bales and through the mud baths!
"The most challenging obstacle for our team was definitely the 180 metre underground tunnel. We had to crawl through water in a confined space. It was pitch black and I couldn't even make out the person in front of me, let alone the end of tunnel. It was extremely frightening, but we made it through together.
"The most amusing obstacle was the huge mud holes we had to plunge into. Lots of competitors lost shoes and had to be dragged out with long sticks by team members."
As their reward for reaching the finish line, the team were given a well-deserved beer!
What's this all for?
Running through mud and jumping over obstacles is all fun and games, but there is an important reason for this whacky event. The Fine & Country and partners team are raising money for Lancaster & District Homeless Action Service (LDHAS), through The Fine & Country Foundation. The team are aiming to reach £2,746.25 to redevelop a user-friendly website.
Every penny raised brings the charity a step closer to getting a new website and tranforming the level of care and support they can provide. We can't thank you enough for your support.


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A rally on the oval
By Tamie Davis on 2 April 2014 • ( 1 Comment )
We're back early from Arusha and the last few evenings on the St John's university oval, there's been some sort of rally. We think they're just using the oval rather than it being a student thing — semester doesn't start for another two weeks and students aren't really back yet. Also the people who were gathered looked like families and people from around Dodoma's suburbs rather than students. Even though we haven't attended the rally, it's been inescapable: the speakers point in four directions and are turned up very loud.
From other events like this we've observed, this one was pretty standard. The format of the service is pretty similar to western revival rallies — lots of singing at the start, then a preacher, followed by a worship leader or other person who leads a prayer or 'ministry time'. Many of the songs were pambios and we were familiar with some of them. The preacher and other leader were both men.
Here are some of the elements of the sermon:
The preacher stopped after most sentences to say 'Bwana Yesu asifiwe' [Lord Jesus be praised] to which the correct response is 'Amen'. Sometimes he said 'hallelujah' instead. Another exchange we've heard but that this guy didn't use is that the preacher asks, 'Sema au si sema?' (roughly translates, 'Do you agree or not?') to which the reply is always 'Sema!' ('Agree!').
Stories and illustrations are told partly by doing impressions and acting things out.
The content of the sermon was about healing, starting with stories of people who had been healed.
When the speaker gets fired up, he not only yells, he also uses what I call 'the cookie monster voice', a gravelly shout. It's a tone you often hear at rallies.
There was some kind of 'power' sound effect used for emphasis when the preacher was delivering people.
There was wailing and hysterics from women.
This kind of preaching turns me off completely. The stories are interesting even if I don't agree with the content or theology, but it seems to be so aggressive and coercive by the end. I'm dismayed that people get so caught up in it, which is a reminder to me of how little I understand African spirituality still. But this kind of preaching is not the only thing there is in Tanzania, and it has its Tanzanian critics too.
Nominalism is a big issue in Tanzanian Christianity. You could say that's because of preaching like this, which offers short-term experience and response without follow up or discipleship. Many of our colleagues in student ministry offer this kind of critique. But I wonder whether it's possible that this kind of preaching is also trying to respond to nominalism, to get people to feel the power of God.
Categories: Tanzania Tanzanian culture Written by Tamie
Tagged as: Church evangelism pambio rally revival
March Book Reviews
Tanzanian Proverbs
I enjoy reading here because it often takes me back to my short month in Uganda.
In the Ugandan churches I visited some speakers would say, about every ten sentences, "Mukama Yebazibwe" (praise the Lord). The response is "Amina". Sometimes the "Mukama Yebazibwe" was spoken forcefully, but sometimes it was subdued, as though speaker and congregation were reading from the prayer book.
But this story also takes me back to 01-02 when I was sometimes at your church and we would discuss the way things were done in various Christian gatherings. "That verse was way out of context!", "That's manipulation", "Why do they call people to the front to pray and then play a song loudly so they cannot hear the prayers?" and the like.
One thought I take from all this is the weakness of trying to make disciples using mostly big group ministry.