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Baby Boomers Are Uniquely Poised to Cash in Big on Their Homes
By: Aly J. Yale
Aly J. Yale
Contributing Writer | Joined June 2020
Has also written:
Best Reverse Mortgage Companies of 2023
6 Hacks to Get Around Sky-High Mortgage Rates
Why It Pays to Research a Home's History Before Buying
What Is a Reverse Mortgage, and How Does It Work?
Reverse Mortgage Pros and Cons
Published: Aug 27, 2021 10 min read
Emai;
https://money.com/home-equity-high-prices-retirement-baby-boomers/
Ben Mounsey-Wood for Money
Patti and Mike M. knew the housing market was hot. So in July, they sold their 5,000-square-foot Chicago-area home for a tidy profit and headed south, leaving snowy winters and an annual $24,000 property tax bill behind.
Ultimately, the pair — both in their late 50s — settled on a smaller home in South Carolina. The move shaved around $3,000 off their monthly housing costs and would allow Mike to retire early — or even now — if he wanted to.
"We sold at a great time," says Patti, who requested their last name be withheld due to privacy reasons. "We probably got more for the house than we ever would."
She's likely right. Home prices have been on a tear lately, rising 18% in just the last year. It has homeowners sitting on unprecedented amounts of equity — about $8.1 trillion of it, in fact. According to Black Knight, the average homeowner gained 11% in tappable equity during just the first quarter of this year.
Though homeowners of all ages can leverage this equity and sell for big profits, it's baby boomers like Patti and Mike who are uniquely poised for gains. These homeowners have often lived in their homes for decades and, in many cases, paid off their mortgages completely.
"Every single friend of mine, all of their parents are calling me, asking 'Dana, what should we do?'" says Dana Bull, a real estate agent with Sagan Harborside Sotheby's International Realty in Marblehead, Massachusetts. "They know they've got a unique opportunity where their properties have appreciated so much to a point that they never even thought possible in their lifetime."
Are you a baby boomer wondering how to best use your rising home equity? Here are your options.
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Sell and ...
Selling is likely first to mind for many older homeowners. According to ATTOM Data Solutions, the average home seller makes a whopping $94,500 in profits these days — up more than $34,000 since just last year.
Those profits can help boomers achieve any number of financial goals, from padding their nest eggs or making investments to buying a new house or even retiring early.
"This age is a sweet spot because they're starting to think about retirement and getting a certain dollar amount in the sale of their home can expedite their retirement," Bull says. "It can bring them to that next chapter in life and give them financial cushioning that they never thought possible."
According to a survey from Realtor.com, around 12% of baby boomers plan to sell their homes in the next year — a larger share than any other generation surveyed. Many of those sellers will choose to rent, opting for lower-maintenance apartments or townhomes. Others will buy but downsize, like Patti and Mike, or use the funds to move closer to grandkids or to sunnier locales.
If you choose to buy, agents say proceed with caution: By going this route, you'll face the same high prices you just capitalized on. Supply is also limited in most housing markets, so you may find yourself with few homes to choose from — not to mention some stiff competition.
"This is a smart time for older homeowners to sell their home — but only if they have a clear plan of where they are going," says Glenn Phillips, CEO at Lake Homes Realty in Hoover, Alabama. "The challenge is that, while they may get a premium for their current home, they will also pay a premium for their next home while also facing very limited choices. To sell fast without a clear plan could end up being costly over the long term."
Another option is to rent in a 55-and-up, senior or independent living community. For those not wanting a long-term commitment, options like Brightview — a resort-style senior living community with locations across the East Coast — allow you to stay on a month-by-month basis.
"We know life can change in an instant," says Denise Manifold, vice president of sales at the company.
Set your sights on a new home for your golden years.
Take the first step toward a mortgage today by seeking out the priceless data you'll need to get through the process. To find out more, click below now!
Turn your equity into cash — without selling
Selling your house isn't the only way to capitalize on the hot housing market. You can also tap your equity using financial products like home equity loans, home equity lines of credit (HELOCs) or a cash-out refinance.
These allow you to turn a portion of your equity into cash, which you can then use for virtually anything — medical bills, paying off debts or even aging-in-place renovations on your property.
Going this route also allows you to avoid the potential taxes you'd face on your home sale. For married couples, you'll pay capital gains taxes on any profits over $500,000. For single homeowners, the threshold is just $250,000.
"Tapping into your home equity for necessary or unexpected expenses can be a great way to create short-term liquidity without having to sell your investments and realize a capital gain or loss," says Gabrielle Clemens, an accredited estate planner and managing director at Clemens Private Wealth Management in Boston.
"You can use the funds to pay off high-interest credit card debt, remodel your home with features to help you age in place, delay filing for Social Security until you qualify for a higher benefit, buy long-term care insurance, help grandchildren with college tuition or pay the tax bill," she says.
Still, while useful, home equity loans, HELOCs and refinances all require a monthly payment, something retirees — or anyone on a limited income, for that matter — might be hesitant to take on. If a payment sounds unappealing in your case, you can also look at options like a reverse mortgage or equity-sharing agreement.
With equity sharing, you essentially sell off a portion of your home's equity, getting a lump sum in return. According to Rachel Keohan, head of marketing at equity-sharing company Hometap, it's "a great option for accessing their home equity for a variety of uses without taking on debt." Companies like Hometap gets paid a percentage of profits when the home eventually sells.
Make your home equity work for you with a Cash-Out Refinance
A Cash-Out Refinance allow you to borrow against your existing equity, freeing up extra cash for debt consolidation, education expenses, remodeling your home, and more. Click below to get started.
Consider a reverse mortgage — but take care
Reverse mortgages may be another route to consider — at least if you're 62 or older. These work like a mortgage loan, only backward. With these loans, the lender pays you — often monthly, and then collects the total balance plus interest once you die or sell the house.
According to Steve Resch, vice president of retirement strategies at Finance America Reverse, now is a particularly good time to get a reverse mortgage if it suits your goals.
"The proceeds that you can get from a reverse mortgage is determined by the homeowner's age, the value of the property and the interest rates," Resch says. "So, we've got record-high home values and record-low interest rates, which means a borrower can really get a tremendous amount of money — much more so than they could just a couple of years ago."
You can also use a reverse mortgage to buy a new house entirely, something Joshua Ezell, a real estate broker with Breakthrough Real Estate & Property Management in Phoenix, often recommends to his clients.
"Utilizing a reverse mortgage allows a buyer to purchase a nicer or larger home and keep more money in the bank," Ezell says. "It also has the added benefit of also not having a house payment."
If you do opt for a reverse mortgage, be careful about how you structure your payments, as there are many choices. You want to avoid running out of proceeds too early. You'll also need to continue covering property taxes, insurance and other costs, or risk losing the home to foreclosure. Talk to a financial advisor if you're considering a reverse mortgage of any kind. They can walk you through the full implications and risks of these products, as well as how one may impact your retirement goals.
Is a Reverse Mortgage right for you?
With Longbridge, you can get the most out of your Reverse Mortgage loan. Click below and start planning your future today.
Get a Free Information Kit
Whatever you decide to do, experts say you should make your move fast. Recent data shows for-sale inventory is rising (at least slightly), and when you throw in slowing demand from burned-out buyers, it seems the red-hot market may soon be cooling off.
"We are seeing people accelerate their plans to take advantage of the market," says Rick Ruvin, a partner at Falk Ruvin Gallagher Real Estate in Whitefish Bay, Wisconsin. "In many markets, sanity is returning, and the level of competition is softening. Prices tend to rise, plateau and then fall. Many are sensing we are headed into a plateau phase."
Every Saturday, Money dives deep into the world of real estate, offering a fresh take on the latest housing news for homeowners, buyers and daydreamers alike.
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More from Money:
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Interviews Gastronomy Videos - 07.09.2021
Interview | Giada De Laurentiis
Chef, Cookbook Author & Restaurateur
Cultures around the world have always used fermentation in food, beverages, and other products, but this process has recently been in the spotlight for its health and longevity benefits. In Japan, fermentation plays an extra special role in the nation's cuisine which is highlighted in this summer's JAPAN HOUSE Los Angeles program on fermentation. Dive into this history with this short film and article, "Japan, the Land of Fermentation".
Then, tune into our two-part Japanese Food Lab Fermentation Master Class series featuring the chef, cookbook author, restaurateur and Food Network star Giada De Laurentiis, and chef Shinji Ishida, of the Michelin-starred Tokyo restaurant Nogizaka Shin, who share classic fermented dishes as well as information on the ingredients that might surprise even those familiar with Japanese cuisine.
To conclude the Master Class, co-host Giada De Laurentiis shares her reflections on Japanese fermentation and all she learned from Chef Ishida's Japanese cooking lessons. She describes her joy in discovering the wide variety of types of miso used in Japan, and all the ways that fermentation is incorporated into Japanese cuisine that she never knew before. She also notes how important wellness and boosting immunity has become to her own cooking practice, and all the potential she sees for Western cuisine to incorporate more inspiration from Japanese fermented food for health and longevity.
*To watch the video in full screen, please click on the image above, then click on the YouTube icon on the lower right-hand corner.
Watch Giada's reflections on fermentation here, and try the recipes introduced, below.
Japanese Food Lab | Fermentation Master Class
Episode 1: Chirashi Sushi
Chef Ishida guides Giada in creating chirashi sushi, a dish where subtle flavors of vinegar, rice, and raw fish come together in various combinations.
Start Cooking
Episode 2: Pickled Vegetable and Miso Fish
Chef Ishida introduces Giada to preparing classic Japanese pickles, as well as a healthy and delicious way to marinate fish with fermented miso.
About Giada De Laurentiis
Photo by Aubrie Pick
Giada De Laurentiis is the Emmy award winning television personality of Food Network's Everyday Italian, Giada at Home, Giada In Italy, Giada's Holiday Handbook, Giada Entertains, Giada On The Beach, Giada at Home 2.0 a judge on Food Network Star, a NBC Today Show contributor, a successful restaurateur with restaurants GIADA and Pronto by Giada in Las Vegas, as well as GDL Italian in Baltimore.
She is the author of 10 New York Times bestselling cookbooks, including her most recent, Eat Better, Feel Better, in addition to her children's book series, Recipe for Adventure. She is also the founder of the lifestyle and e-commerce platform, Giadzy.com, which features Italian lifestyle content spanning recipes, travel, entertaining and Italian Pantry products.
Interview | Hiroo Nagahara
Sensory Journeys in Japan | Awaji Island
Interview | Makoto Nagahisa

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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My Beef With Scott Burnside
Written by Darren S | 07 January 2011
The New Jersey Devils biggest supporterWhen it comes to Devils fans, I think we can all agree on one thing and that is that we are used to people talking smack about our team. For years, we've heard it all: NJ plays boring hockey, NJ doesn't care about offense, NJ has no fans, NJ is what killed in the NHL in 2005, NJ is and always will be a trap team, etc etc.... It doesn't usually bother me but I've had read one particular hockey journalist for years and I've finally had enough.
Whenever ESPN's Scott Burnside decides to focus his attention on the NJ Devils you can be guarenteed one thing, that it will be a column full of hatred and facts that have no basis what-so-ever. For the past 6 or 7 years, I've watched Burnside put on paper that this will be the year of the Devils demise. Congratulations Scott, 2010/2011 is FINALLY the year you are correct. It had to happen at some point!! I'm sure journalists wrote for years that this would be the year the Rangers won the cup and finally in 1994 they were right!!
Today, he and fellow ESPN hockey columnist Pierre Lebrun wrote a column debating the ramifications of the Jamie Langenbrunner trade. Let me share some comments made by Scott Burnside..
"Let's start with the Devils, who continue to solidify their place as not just the worst team in the NHL this season, but also maybe the worst team in franchise history. "
I am the first one to admit the Devils product on the ice this season has been complete garbage but to go so far and say its possibly the worst team in franchise history is a bit much. Please do some research and use your brain. Those teams in 1983, 84 and 85 to start the franchise were certainly worse, especially given the high quality of talent existing in today's NHL compared to back then. If Parise were healthy, he alone would have helped NJ win at least 5 or 6 games which would currently have them in an outside shot of making the playoffs this season.
"I thought it pretty funny when you asked Lamoriello if Martin Brodeur might be approached about a move. The GM simply answered: "No."
Why would that be funny?? Can't argue with what Marty has done for this team in the past and many believe he still has something left and everyone is entitled to a bad season. He has one year left on his contract and after embarrasing himself this season, you don't think he'll want a season of redemption? You probably wrote Tim Thomas off after last season as well but look at him now.
"Moving Langenbrunner, and any other pieces of driftwood from the Devils' lineup, does open up some salary-cap space that could allow Lamoriello to re-sign restricted free agent Zach Parise."
Please check your facts. Langenbrunner was due to be an UFA this summer so Jamie doesn't even factor into the equation when it comes to Zach Parise. Yes other players or "driftwood" as you so nicely phrase it will need to go in order to give Parise the contract he deserves.
"It's hard to imagine he would want to, given the sorry state of the franchise."
This was in reference to Parise resigning in NJ. I guess one bad year after making the playoffs every year from 1997-2010 including 2 cups and another Finals appearence certainly justifies this quote. The Peguins who you write nothing but wonderful things about were a joke for a long time. The Flyers were just as bad as the Devils are just a few years ago but found their way to the Finals last season. Should I keep going?
If it were just this article, I wouldn't be writing this post but if you look at his archive, you'll see the hatred his spews about NJ on a regular basis. Part of me says I shouldn't even address the things this guy says because a) it just shows that I read his crap, which causes him to write more and continue being emplpoyed by ESPN and b) he works for ESPN who. honestly, doesn't really care about the NHL. Anyone significant in my book left that network when the dumped this league in 2005. If he were a real hockey journalist, he'd write for someone more involved in the NHL.
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Pamela Ricci Honored with RSAR Lifetime Achievement Award
RE/MAX Realty Affiliates (RRA) Agent Pamela Ricci was recently honored with the Lifetime Achievement Award, presented by the Reno-Sparks Association of REALTORS® (RSAR). The award commemorated her 30 years as a real estate professional and "performing notable service for the real estate profession, the community and for the Association of REALTORS." Lifetime members are nominated by the RSAR executive committee, with the final selection by the majority of the board of directors.
"Pamela is a remarkable and dedicated agent who, day in and day out, provides exemplary service to her clients to help make their dreams come true," said RRA Broker/Owner, Amy Lessinger. "Her success as a REALTOR has been hard-earned and we are so proud to have her as part of our RRA family."
Ricci has been a member of the RSAR for 30 years and has served on many committees as a member and/or chairperson in that time. She is a past president of the Women's Council of REALTORS and the Certified Residential Specialists. She has served as the Dean of Leadership for the Nevada Association of REALTORS and Chairman of the Professional Standards Committee. She is also active in the community as President of the Sons & Daughters of Italy, the Elks Lodge #597 and her church, St. Rose of Lima.
Earlier this year, Ricci received the 2016 "Above the Crowd" award from RE/MAX, which "recognizes agents who have demonstrated community involvement and acted as a team player for their office as well as the RE/MAX organization."
In her 30 years in the real estate business, Ricci has experienced almost every kind of market. She has earned several designations during her career, including ABR, CRS, CDPE, GRI and ePro.
She has lived in the Reno area since 1960, graduating from Bishop Manogue High School and attending the University of Nevada, Reno. She and her husband, Hugh, have raised two children in the area and are now enjoying time with their three grandchildren.
The Reno/Sparks Association of REALTORS is an organization providing services to its members to ensure their success as real estate professionals, as well as protecting and promoting the consumer's dream of homeownership. For more information visit www.rsar.net.
RE/MAX Realty Affiliates, a locally owned and operated RE/MAX franchise, was recently named the RE/MAX Southwest Region Brokerage of the Year. And it ranks among the top 50 large brokerages in per-agent productivity, based on home sales data from 500 top firms in the prestigious 2017 REAL Trends 500 survey. For more information, visit www.RenoToTheMax.com
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License #: RE.129-BO


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Josh Peck Reveals How Much Money He Really Made for Drake & Josh
Posted on April 12, 2022 by Gregory Zulauf
Drake Bell "Bummed" Over Missing Josh Peck's Wedding
We'd never thought that it'd be so simple, but—Josh Peck is talking paychecks.
The Drake & Josh alum, who starred alongside Drake Bell in the Nickelodeon show from 2004 to 2007, recently opened up about his annual salary as a child star and the financial misconceptions that came along with it.
"I can only speak to my experience, but I think it's quite public that if you were on a show like Two and a Half Men or Modern Family, and you were the kid on a massive network, syndicated show," he said during the April 11 episode of Dear Media's Trading Secrets podcast. "The case could be made that you'd have enough money to last you for the rest of your life."
Sharing that he believes there's this "misnomer" about him that he was given a "golden parachute," he added, "But, the reality is that when we were making the show, we did 60 episodes and we made about $15,000 an episode. So, when all is said and done, we were sort of left after agents and managers and taxes."
Josh continued, "You live with about $450,000 over five years, which breaks down to a little less than $100,000 a year—now, certainly a great amount of money, but not enough to set you up for life. And a lot of it, we lived on, and I'm not gonna brag: My mom and I had a used BMW five series. We lived in a two-bedroom apartment with amenities… We lived a very middle-class life."
Adding that the money "went to their lifestyles when the show was over," Josh revealed that there's "no residuals on kids' television."
"It was like we had 18 months of runway, you know," he said. "It's as though someone had lost their job."
And this isn't the first time the 35-year-old actor has spoken out about his time on the beloved Nickelodeon show. In March, Josh revealed that he and his former co-star (who had a previous rift over Drake not being invited to Josh's wedding in 2017) were "not really" friends currently. As for Drake, in his own podcast episode just days later, the singer noted that he was "bugged" about Josh's assertion that their friendship was over.
E! News has reached out to Nickelodeon for comment.
Watch Daily Pop weekdays at 11 a.m., only on E!.
Credit by : Josh Peck Reveals How Much Money He Really Made for Drake & Josh
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This December, the Old Fourth Ward welcomes the mixed-use development Common Ground to its former Western Electric facility.
Helmed by Third & Urban, the developers behind Armour Yards, Common Ground will be home to two restaurants by The Diligence Company: Bazari Hall, a European- and Latin-inspired take on a brasserie comprising eight artisan shops: and Estrella, a rooftop Champagne and cocktail bar inspired by aesthetics from Miami and Paris.
Also part of Common Ground is New Realm Brewing Company, a craft brewery by former Stone Brewing brewmaster Mitch Steele and partners Carey Falcone and Bob Powers. New Realm also includes a restaurant with a rooftop patio and BeltLine facing beer garden.
Visitors may shop from a rotating selection of on-site merchants; shipping containers situated on an outdoor platform will be repurposed to serve as pop-up shops featuring vendors from both the Southeast and beyond.


Manage and grow influencer and blogger network database.
Implement influencers engagement campaigns by liaising and coordinating with influencers and bloggers on their requirements, timeline and deliverables.
Give direction to sales person in regards to influencer marketing.
Provide accurate timing estimates on work.
Improve workflow and structure within the team to minimize efficiency.
Supervise member's work to provide solution and advice for better productivity.


Why Famous: Gustave Eiffel was a French civil engineer and architect, best remembered for designing and building the Eiffel Tower in Paris.
The Eiffel Tower was the symbol of the Exposition Universelle or World Fair held in Paris in 1889, 100 years after the storming of the Basille. The Tower itself served as the gateway to the Exposition. The tower took 2 years to build and opened 2 months before the exposition.
Eiffel was also responsible for designing the iron structure for the Stature of Liberty. His many other works included bridges, railways stations and viaducts.
In later life Eiffel contributed significant work to the developing field of aerodynamics.
1889-03-31 Eiffel Tower officially opens in Paris. Built for the Exposition Universelle, at 300m high it retains the record for the tallest man made structure for 41 years.


ANT and Dec have been snapped arriving at Brisbane airport ahead of the eagerly awaited launch of I'm A Celeb.
The comedy duo have hosted the show since 2002 and this will be their 16th series.
Despite the long flight, they arrived with smiles on their faces as they lugged around their suitcases at the airport.
Ant shielded his eyes with a pair of dark shades while Dec wore a baseball cap.
The pair quickly hopped into a cab, with Dec giving a small wave to the cameras.
Olympian Sam Quek was also snapped arriving at the airport looking incredibly glam.
Her arrival followed comedian Joel Dommett's arrival.
Also joining them is Diversity star Jordan Banjo, Ashley Banjo's brother.
Ant and Dec excited fans last month with a new celebrity teaser trailer during The X Factor.
After the first two clips featured the Geordie duo trekking into the Aussie outback earlier this week, the funnymen debuted the third advert during the X Factor ahead of series 16 in November.


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Gathering The Voices
Testimonies of Holocaust survivors who settled in Scotland
Mobile Exhibition
Volunteer Speakers
Enlarged Pictures of Exhibition
Costs & Technical Requirements
Renate's Book Of Letters
Ullmann Family Papers
Primary / Lower Secondary School
Upper Secondary School
Dorrith M. Sim – Settling In
Dorrith describes her experiences as an evacuee in Innerleithen and how she learned English.
INT: You must have been eight when you came to Scotland.
D.S: I was seven and a half.
INT: But you can't really remember any of it?
D.S: Oh I can remember bits of it but not very much.
INT: Going back to what happened once you were here, during the wartime you must have just been at school, were you?
D.S: Well no, what happened was we lived in Stevenson Terrace and to begin with the children didn't go to school. The children went to people's houses and had their lessons there – the school hadn't been opened.
But then when the school was opened again I went. Then I think there was a bomb or two in Edinburgh, not an awful lot. But they decided that I'd be safer in the country. A lot of children from Edinburgh went to the Borders and I remember we went to Innerleithen, which is not too far from Peebles. We went down this road and knocked people's doors to see if they would take evacuees. I went to a door and the people were called Crozier. They invited us to come in. Mummy and Daddy Gallimore went into the front room. There was this girl called Nan Crozier and she was very nosey and she told me to come on through to her bedroom. So I went through to the bedroom -and she was a wee bit of a show off- and she said, "I can do country dancing, highland dancing."
She brought out shoes and said, "These are my dancing shoes." I said, "But they look just like tightrope walker's shoes." So we decided we would try to walk the tightrope and we went into the bathroom and Nan walked across the edge of the bath. Then I said I could do it too. So I took my shoes off and went onto the bath with my hands outstretched. And just as I was doing that there was a big bang at the door. I think it must have been the father wondering what we were doing and I put my hand up and I knocked the shelf down that was on top of the door and it was full of stone hot water bottles. So I think that's why they didn't take me!
INT: Oh dear, oh dear.
D.S: The people in the next house took me and I, enjoyed Innerleithen; it was nice. In fact we were there this year just going back and having a look at it. But I don't know how long I was there; I don't think I was there for more than a year, but I loved my time in Innerleithen – the people were nice as well.
INT: And you would have gone to the local school there?
D.S: Yes. I didn't want anybody to know where I'd come from. The teacher was a Mrs Chisholm or Miss Chisholm, I don't remember. It was a big composite class and I arrived and she asked me what my name was. And I said, "Dorrith Oppenheim" and she said "That is a strange name. Where do you come from?"
I said "Germany!" and she yelled out "Germany" at the top of her voice so that was that. We were going back to the house in the afternoon, and the boys threw stones down at us from a hill above Lee Pen just above where we were walking. They thought I was a German spy. One just missed the teacher and she never asked me anything else again. I knew that the boys could have got into trouble with the headmaster. I didn't want anyone to know I was a refugee.
INT: You probably had an accent?
D.S: I must have had.
INT: It would have been hard.
D.S: All I could say when I came to this country was, "I have a handkerchief in my pocket" and every time I learnt a new word I would put it in "my pocket". For example I said, "I have a teacher in my pocket. I have a dog in my pocket. I have a house in my pocket." And that's one of the ways I taught myself English.
INT: Because of course, in those days they didn't have the learning support or anything in school to help you. You must have just had to manage on your own.
D.S: Of course there was "The Beano" comic and do you know I was in the charity shop yesterday and I saw a Beano annual and I got it for my grandson. I'm going to read it first!
INT: Absolutely.
INT: You must have learnt some very interesting expressions from Dennis the Menace and others in the stories.
D.S: I know. But that's the way I taught myself English.
Listen to the Testimony
https://www.gatheringthevoices.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/dorrith-m-sim-settling-in.mp3Press the play button to listen
Links to Other Testimonies by Dorrith M. Sim
Life Before The War
Life During The War
Reflection On Life
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text:
American Channels
LiveNewsWorld
Home Default WDCW Channel 50 Washington
WDCW Channel 50 Washington
WDCW Channel 50 is a television station licensed to the capital of United States of America, Washington, District of Columbia. It is affiliated with the CW network and owned by the Tribune Broadcasting which is basically a subsidiary of Tribune Media Company.
WDCW is informally known as The Channel 50 since it is the virtual channel 50, and UHF digital channel 15.
This TV station has its studios on Wisconsin Avenue in Gloves Park, Washington.
Watch WDCW Channel 50 Washington Live Stream
Here you can watch 24/7 WDCW 50 Washington Live streaming. The channel's transmitter facilities are located in Tenleytown in the northwest quadrant of Washington, D.C.
WDCW is a sister station to WTVR-TV. The subchannels of WDCW are CW50 and AntTV. The call letters of WDCW stand for Washington D.C.'s CW.
Here is its official site: dcw50.com
This television station, virtual channel 50 was basically assigned as WGSP in 1972 but that was only limited to test patterns. Officially, channel 50 was broadcasted in 1981 as WCGR.
Adult programming started being aired on this station in the following years. In 1985, the call letters were changed to WFTY when it became a 24/7 independent TV station.
Several off-network programs were broadcasted there including classic sitcoms, dramas, cartoons, and movies. This channel was particular about religious programming as well.
In 1995, the call letters for the channel 50 were changed once again, to WBDC TV.
In 1999, the Tribune company entirely purchased the station from Jasas Corporation. Currently, it is WDCW which was changed from WBDC TV in 2006.
Other than news programming 21 locally produced programs, the CW broadcasts a number of syndicated shows.
News Programming
Currently, WDCW broadcasts quite a few news programs. NewsPlus with Mark Segraves, a half-hourly Sunday morning program showcases local news and issues..
Candace Burns anchor weeknights newscasts while Saturday and Sunday newscasts are anchored by Angie Miles and Tracy Sears respectively. They are joined by the channel's meteorologists and sports director for weather and sports news.
The Jerry Springer Show
It is an American syndicated tabloid talk show, and it is majorly NSFW. Hosted by former politician Jerry Springer, this show contains argumentative discussions and usually volatile guests.
The show also marks as inappropriate for children, with indecent and controversial content. Verbal and sometimes even physical violence takes place between the guests.
Regardless, The Jerry Springer Show has earned a surprisingly impressive number of 4000 episodes since its debut in 1991.
The Steve Wilkos Show
An American tabloid talk show, quite non-conventional. Steve Wilkos hosts it. Interestingly, Steve Wilkos was the head director of security on the Jerry Springer Show.
This show debuted in 2007 and had over around 1200 episodes since. The Steve Wilkos Show addresses the general public's everyday problems and life issues. Those include adultery, paternity issues, domestic abuse, teenage pregnancy, etc.
A lie detector is often used on the guests to analyze and solve the issues. The show tends to shift towards a darker tone with more serious topics. With 11 seasons, this show has become quite a success.
Another syndicated tabloid talk show broadcasted on WDCW TV. Maury Povich hosts it.
This show has quite a resemblance to The Steve Wilkos Show in a few ways. Tackling volatile issues, interacting with guests via discussions, lie detectors, and even DNA tests, Maury takes a new approach to everyday problems. It is less violent and focuses more on emotion and dramatics.
Since 1991, Maury has had a run of 26 seasons worth of nearly 2700 episodes.
An American syndicated TV sitcom with not one but two lead female characters. Starring Kat Dennings and Bett Behrs, this show is an hilarious and fun packed journey of the two.
Although it has received mixed reviews, 2 Broke Girls is considered a success, having aired over six seasons.
Crime Watch Daily
Crime Watch Daily is an hour-long newsmagazine TV series that revolves hour-long newsmagazine TV series that revolves around crime and its investigation. Veteran TV journalist Chris Hansen hosts it.
This show showcases several stories of unsolved murders and other crimes. It has three seasons since its release in 2015.
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text:
Cineuropa és una lloc web i revista digital sobre cinema amb seu a Brussel·les, publicada en quatre idiomes (anglès, francès, espanyol i italià) i actualitzada diàriament. La revista està cofinançada pel programa MEDIA de la Unió Europea a fi de donar suport a la indústria audiovisual europea.

Història
Cineuropa va néixer com a portal d'informació cinematogràfica en línia l'any 2002 per iniciativa d'Italia Cinema, l'Agència per a la Promoció del Cinema italià a l'estranger presidida per Luciana Castellina i dirigida per Giorgio Gosetti. L'oficina de Roma es va traslladar més tard a Brussel·les. Actualitzat diàriament, el lloc té un públic que inclou tant professionals del sector audiovisual com espectadors en general.

Els continguts pretenen potenciar les produccions de la indústria cinematogràfica europea i donar suport a qualsevol iniciativa transcontinental. Cineuropa publica regularment notícies, crítiques, reportatges, entrevistes i dossiers sobre l'estat del cinema a diferents països europeus, així com informació sobre els diversos festivals de cinema.

Referències

Revistes de cinema
Llocs web

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Cameron and Merkel put on united front | City A.M.
DAVID Cameron stood shoulder to shoulder with his German counterpart Angela Merkel and pledged that Britain would be a major player in Europe.
The Prime minister ruled out any giving over of sovereign powers to Europe, but insisted that he wanted a strong Eurozone.
The leaders had been in talks before holding a joint press conference in which they were quizzed on Germany's ban on hedge funds and the plunging euro.
Cameron said the FSA would decide the extent of regulation on hedge funds in the UK but suggested they had not triggered the financial crisis.
"Are we dealing with the real cause or the symptoms. The cause is excessive debt … we have to get to the source of the problems. each country must have its own regulation in its own way", the Prime Minister said.
But Chancellor Merkel insisted regulation should be pursued vigorously.


text:
The Whim-Wham Man
The Neversink Chronicles
Colorado Noir
Mysterious Book Report
Best Books of the Year 2019
The Dead Beat Scroll
Mysterious Book Report No. 395
by John Dwaine McKenna
August Riordan is "an old meat-eating dinosaur" type of Private Investigator who's returned to San Francisco to track down the person that killed his friend and one-time partner, Chris Duckworth, in the soon-to-be-issued, (Nov. 19, 2019), murder mystery entitled The Dead Beat Scroll, (Down & Out Books, PB, $17.95, 265 pages, ISBN 978-1-64396-031-9) by award-winning author Mark Coggins.
Duckworth, who'd taken over Riordan's business, office space and apartment, was working a missing persons case when he died, and Riordan thinks that the case has something to do with the murder. Chris Ducksworth was hired by an attractive young woman named Angelina to find her half-sister, who's gone missing. But when Riordan takes over the case, he discovers a demented and violently murderous polyamorous "family" intent on obtaining an unknown manuscript, written by Jack Kerouac, one of the most famous of the Beat Writers from the late 1940s and early 50s.
As Riordan follows clues left by Duckworth, and a trail of mutilated dead bodies left by the family, he quickly realizes that recovering the manuscript is the key to avenging his old partner and saving himself and Angelina from kidnap, torture and death.
The Dead Beat Scroll is fast-paced and propulsive, written in a style reminiscent of Raymond Chandler, with a plot that will surprise the reader on more than one occasion. But beware, it's also a deep dive into the alternate lifestyles of one of America's most notorious cities!
Like the review? Let your friends know, You saw it in the Mysterious Book Report, because the greatest compliment you can give is to share our work with others.
And Hey! When you have a moment, please check out our secure, all brand-new and combined website that's redesigned, prettier, simple to use, and makes it as easy as pie to send us your comments! Please do. We're looking forward to hearing from all of you.
John Dwaine McKenna
Amazon(Paid Link)
*THANKS*THANKS*THANKS*THANKS*
By John|2019-11-12T21:02:56+00:00November 11th, 2019|Murder Mystery, Mysterious Book Report|0 Comments
© Copyright 2019 | Mysterious Book Report | All Rights Reserved | Powered by Mountain Air Marketings


text:
About SCF 2020
CORE CORNER
Price Family 2018
WEEKLY GOSPEL READING
Santa Cruz County Jail
Cabrillo College Athlete Hospitality (Program Suspended till 2022)
Saint Francis Catholic Soup Kitchen
Santa Cruz Fellowship
Sunday September 20, 2020 Matthew 20:1-16
1 "For the kingdom of heaven is like a landowner who went out early in the morning to hire workers for his vineyard. 2 He agreed to pay them a denarius for the day and sent them into his vineyard. 3 "About nine in the morning he went out and saw others standing in the marketplace doing nothing. 4 He told them, 'You also go and work in my vineyard, and I will pay you whatever is right.' 5 So they went. "He went out again about noon and about three in the afternoon and did the same thing. 6 About five in the afternoon he went out and found still others standing around. He asked them, 'Why have you been standing here all day long doing nothing?' 7 "'Because no one has hired us,' they answered. "He said to them, 'You also go and work in my vineyard.' 8 "When evening came, the owner of the vineyard said to his foreman, 'Call the workers and pay them their wages, beginning with the last ones hired and going on to the first.' 9 "The workers who were hired about five in the afternoon came and each received a denarius. 10 So when those came who were hired first, they expected to receive more. But each one of them also received a denarius. 11 When they received it, they began to grumble against the landowner. 12 'These who were hired last worked only one hour,' they said, 'and you have made them equal to us who have borne the burden of the work and the heat of the day.' 13 "But he answered one of them, 'I am not being unfair to you, friend. Didn't you agree to work for a denarius? 14 Take your pay and go. I want to give the one who was hired last the same as I gave you. 15 Don't I have the right to do what I want with my own money? Or are you envious because I am generous?' 16 "So the last will be first, and the first will be last."
The following questions are for personal and or group reflection.
1.Observation for reflection- What word or phrase is the Spirit prompting in my heart? What word or phrase says, "I am for you today"?
2. Interpretation- What does the word or phrase mean that the Spirit is giving me?
3. Application- What is the word or phrase calling me to be or to do?
Matthew-20.1-16-ManuscriptDownload
Matthew-20.1-16-SpanishDownload
Copyright 2021 Santa Cruz Fellowship


text:
description("Tests basic use of GestureFlingStart");

var expectedWheelEventsOccurred = "2";
var actualWheelEventsOccurred = 0;

function recordWheelEvent(event)
{
    shouldBe('event.clientX', "10");
    shouldBe('event.clientY', "11");

    // Test deliberately does not equality check wheelDeltas to not be fragile in the face of curve adjustment.
    shouldBeTrue("event.wheelDeltaX > 5");
    shouldBeTrue("event.wheelDeltaY > 5");
    actualWheelEventsOccurred++;
}

document.addEventListener("mousewheel", recordWheelEvent);

if (window.testRunner && window.eventSender && window.eventSender.gestureFlingStart) {
    eventSender.gestureFlingStart(10, 11, 1000, 1000);
    testRunner.display();
    testRunner.display();
    testRunner.display();
}

setTimeout(function() {
    shouldBe('actualWheelEventsOccurred', expectedWheelEventsOccurred);
}, 100);

if (window.testRunner)
    testRunner.waitUntilDone();

setTimeout(function() {
    isSuccessfullyParsed();
    if (window.testRunner)
        testRunner.notifyDone();
}, 200);

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


On June 20, we were fortunate to welcome German Federal President Frank-Walter Steinmeier and his wife Elke Büdenbender at HanaHaus. They were accompanied by a delegation of representatives from the German Parliament as well as the German business, media, and cultural landscapes.
The President spent the first part of his visit discussing the Silicon Valley innovation ecosystem while enjoying some excellent Blue Bottle coffee in our sunny courtyard. Dirk Kanngiesser, CEO of the German Accelerator, SAP COO and Executive Board member Christian Klein, Consul General Hans-Ulrich Suedbeck, and Head of HanaHaus, Daniel Zimmer, also joined the get-together.
Later, the President engaged in a lively discussion with several startup founders in the HanaHaus workspace. The startups, mostly alumni of the German Accelerator, shared their personal experiences and why they came to Silicon Valley.
Access to growth capital is critical in order to reach a certain market penetration and growth rate. Founders noted that while it is not necessarily easier to get funding in the US, funding amounts are often larger, and investor deals in Silicon Valley give startups access to the venture investors' valuable business networks, referred to as "smart capital".
In a sense, corporations form the engine of the startup ecosystem by fueling the cycle of tech innovation. Startup founders mentioned they generally find enterprise customers in the Silicon Valley to be more open to trying out new products, which can result in a faster market adoption in the US.
Some founders were also surprised by the close alignment between universities and the startup ecosystem in Silicon Valley. For example, it is not uncommon for Stanford professors to invest in startups, and the university has several initiatives aimed at nurturing entrepreneurs, such as the StartX accelerator program.
Underlying all of these aspects are general cultural differences between Germany and Silicon Valley. The startup founders experienced less aversion to taking risks in the US - failure is mostly embraced as a means to learning and the Silicon Valley mindset challenges many founders to think bigger.
Yet, besides highlighting what makes the Silicon Valley ecosystem unique, the founders also pointed out characteristics they particularly value about Germany, such as the quality and rich tradition of engineering and the greater sense of solidarity and loyalty in German society. So, it came as no surprise to President Steinmeier that - while it has been beneficial to experience the Silicon Valley mindset, refine products and collect part of their funding in the US - many of the startups continue to be headquartered in Germany, combining the best of both worlds.


Wow…...Wow…..and wow! Those of you who had the 2013 You Beauty Advent Calendar will no doubt have opened this little box of ESPA treats by now!
First up lets talk about the 'Refining Skin Polish'. This is a gentle facial exfoliating cream that brightens the complexion, removing dull, dry skin and leaving your face looking radiant. As far as exfoliators go, I'd never used one before that had such fine particles in. This meant that it didn't feel at all gritty, which was a lovely bonus. 'Refining Skin Polish' exfoliated perfectly and didn't leave my skin looking red after use. Mine was just a sample size, however these come in a 55ml jar which I feel is quite a good size given that you don't need to use much. Currently retailing at £25.50.
Next up is the 'Optimal Skin Proserum' and boy does this smell a-ma-zing!! The main fragrance that I noticed was the Patchouli Oil, it's quite a distinctive smell. This also contains a combination of Rose Hip Oil, Turmeric, White Lupin and Evening Primrose Oil. All of which make this even more lovely to apply to your skin. The benefit of using 'Optimal Skin Proserum' includes improved elasticity, brighter, evened out skin tone, and protection against premature aging. Simply apply a few drops on a cleansed face and neck before moisturizing. Again I have a sample size; the full size comes in a 30ml pump dispenser, priced at £48.00.
I'm very pleased with both the 'Refining Skin Polish' and the 'Optimal Skin Proserum'. These are definitely going to become part of my skincare routine.


Issey Miyake is Japanese designer who is best known for his imaginative women's fashion and his very popular fragrances. He rose to prominence in the 90's and aside from great scents like Nuit d'Issey and Pleats Please he has also designed costumes for ballets and was the man behind Apple mastermind Steve Job's signature turtle-neck jumper that he wore almost every day.
The designer was born in Hiroshima in 1938. He was still living there with his family when the city was hit by a nuclear bomb in 1945, ending the world war. He survived but his mother passed due to the fallout of the attack. Left to his own devices, Miyake drifted into art and design and attended university in Tokyo where he graduated with a degree in graphic design in 1964. He travelled and worked for design houses in Europe before coming back to Japan to start his own brand in the early 70's. Since the start he has been obsessed with fabric and cloth, especially the traditional methods of pleating. His designs mix the traditional with the modern. Among other things he made sold one-size-fits-all shirts packaged in small plastic tubes, laser-printed dresses and created A-POC, a machine process that creates clothes from digital instructions without the need for sewing.
The first Issey Miyake fragrance for men was launched in 1994. L'Eau d'Issey Pour Homme is a refreshing and masculine scent uses a heavy dose of yuzu, a kind of Japanese grapefruit which is known for its tart and zesty scent. This citrusy freshness is balanced on a base of woods and spices. The scent was a huge success and remains one of the brands top sellers. It has been released in several different versions over the years including L'Eau Bleu (2006), L'Eau d'Issey Homme Intense (2007), Oceanic Expedition (2015) and several summer variations. Miyake released a second men's fragrance collection in 2014; Nuit d'Issey. This dark and mysterious evening scent for men is based on several grains of dark wood, leather, black pepper and incense.


text:
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.IO;
using System.Linq;
using System.Net;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Web;
using System.Xml;

namespace GAPPSF.Utils
{
    public class Geocoder
    {
        public static string GetCityName(Core.Data.Location ll)
        {
            return GetCityName(ll.Lat, ll.Lon);
        }
        public static string GetCityName(double lat, double lon)
        {
            string result = GetCityNameOSM(lat, lon);
            if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(result))
            {
                try
                {
                    HttpWebRequest wr = (HttpWebRequest)WebRequest.Create(string.Format("http://maps.googleapis.com/maps/api/geocode/xml?latlng={0},{1}&sensor=false", lat.ToString().Replace(',', '.'), lon.ToString().Replace(',', '.')));
                    wr.UserAgent = "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/535.2 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/15.0.874.121 Safari/535.2";
                    wr.Method = WebRequestMethods.Http.Get;
                    HttpWebResponse webResponse = (HttpWebResponse)wr.GetResponse();
                    StreamReader reader = new StreamReader(webResponse.GetResponseStream());
                    string doc = reader.ReadToEnd();
                    webResponse.Close();
                    if (doc != null && doc.Length > 0)
                    {
                        XmlDocument xdoc = new XmlDocument();
                        xdoc.LoadXml(doc);
                        XmlNodeList nl = xdoc.SelectNodes("GeocodeResponse/result/address_component");
                        foreach (XmlNode n in nl)
                        {
                            XmlNode nt = n.SelectSingleNode("type");
                            if (nt != null && nt.InnerText == "locality")
                            {
                                result = n.SelectSingleNode("long_name").InnerText;
                                break;
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
                catch
                {
                }
            }
            return result;
        }
        public static string GetCityNameOSM(double lat, double lon)
        {
            string result = "";
            try
            {
                HttpWebRequest wr = (HttpWebRequest)WebRequest.Create(string.Format("http://nominatim.openstreetmap.org/reverse?format=xml&lat={0}&lon={1}&zoom=18&addressdetails=1", lat.ToString().Replace(',', '.'), lon.ToString().Replace(',', '.')));
                wr.UserAgent = "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/535.2 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/15.0.874.121 Safari/535.2";
                wr.Method = WebRequestMethods.Http.Get;
                HttpWebResponse webResponse = (HttpWebResponse)wr.GetResponse();
                StreamReader reader = new StreamReader(webResponse.GetResponseStream());
                string doc = reader.ReadToEnd();
                webResponse.Close();
                if (doc != null && doc.Length > 0)
                {
                    XmlDocument xdoc = new XmlDocument();
                    xdoc.LoadXml(doc);
                    XmlNode n = xdoc.SelectSingleNode("reversegeocode/addressparts/city");
                    if (n!=null)
                    {
                        result = n.InnerText;
                    }
                }
            }
            catch
            {
            }
            return result;
        }

        public static Core.Data.Location GetLocationOfAddress(string address)
        {
            Core.Data.Location result = null;
            try
            {
                string s = null;
                HttpWebRequest wr = (HttpWebRequest)WebRequest.Create(string.Format("http://maps.googleapis.com/maps/api/geocode/xml?address={0}&sensor=false", HttpUtility.UrlEncode(address)));
                wr.UserAgent = "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/535.2 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/15.0.874.121 Safari/535.2";
                wr.Method = WebRequestMethods.Http.Get;
                using (HttpWebResponse webResponse = (HttpWebResponse)wr.GetResponse())
                {
                    using (StreamReader reader = new StreamReader(webResponse.GetResponseStream()))
                    {
                        s = reader.ReadToEnd();
                        webResponse.Close();
                    }
                }
                if (s != null && s.Length > 0)
                {
                    XmlDocument xdoc = new XmlDocument();
                    xdoc.LoadXml(s);
                    XmlNode n = xdoc.SelectSingleNode("GeocodeResponse/result/geometry/location");
                    result = new Core.Data.Location(Conversion.StringToDouble(n.SelectSingleNode("lat").InnerText), Conversion.StringToDouble(n.SelectSingleNode("lng").InnerText));
                }
            }
            catch
            {
                result = null;
            }
            return result;
        }
    }
}


text:
\section{Introduction}

Although the $\Lambda$CDM remains being the simplest and the more efficient way to describe most of the astrophysical and cosmological data, many doubts concerning the nature of dark energy and dark matter still persist. The cold dark matter paradigm is a robust way to explain the large scale structure of the universe although its difficulties in explaining the cored density profile of galaxies and the small number of satellites around galaxies, the so called ``small scale problems''. However, it is crucial to emphasize that these inconsistencies come from the results of numerical simulations which still do not take into account all the physics envolved in the structure formation process. Moreover, the cosmological constant $\Lambda$ suffers from serious theoretical problems since its inferred value from the observations is around 120 orders of magnitude smaller than the typical value of the vacuum energy density predicted by particle physics.

Alternative cosmologies incorporate new physics to the standard context either by replacing pieces of the $\Lambda$CDM model or by adding new ingredients to it. The unified scenario adopts the former suggestion. Its main idea is to replace the two unknown dark components, namely, dark matter and dark energy by one single fluid. As candidates for this scenario one can cite the GCG and the bulk viscous fluid which have both exotic equations of state. In some sense, the unification scenario can be seen as a modified dark matter dominated model, i.e., dark matter has some unusual equation of state that drives the universe to a late accelerated phase.

The formation of structures like galaxies and cluster depends on the dynamics of the baryonic matter which consists of no more than 5\% of the energy budget of the universe. At the same time, baryons follow the dark matter potential wells. The main challenge for unified cosmologies relies on the fact that the fluid that clusters to form ``dark matter halos'' also has to accelerate the expansion. Therefore, the clustering process of such models is a very sensitive probe for constructing viable cosmological scenarios. The models studied here will include baryons in the dynamics both at background and perturbative level.

A famous candidate for the unified scenario is the Chaplygin gas \cite{Kamenshchik1}, but its generalized form (the GCG) is widely used. The pressure $p_{gc}$ of the GCG is given by \cite{Kamenshchik, gorini, Bento, carturan}
\begin{equation}
p_{gc}=-\frac{A}{\rho_{gc}^{\alpha}}
\end{equation}
where $\rho$ is the energy density and $A$ and $\alpha$ are constants. Fixing $\alpha=1$ one has the original Chaplygin gas \cite{j3}.

In the limit $\alpha=0$ it reduces to a scenario where dark matter has a negative constant pressure and the resulting dynamics is exactly the same as the $\Lambda$CDM model at background level as we will show below. However, it still not clear whether both models also display the same dynamics at perturbative level.

Some works in the literature claim that the GCG gas with $\alpha=0$ and the $\Lambda$CDM model are also indistinguishable at first and non-linear order \cite{martins, Avelino, Kunz, Aviles}. Indeed, by choosing suitable first order variables there is a mathematical mapping between both models. However, a contrary opinion can be found in Refs. \cite{julioalpha0, juliano} where it is argued that the same definition for the matter density contrast used in the standard cosmology, which is also adopted by the galaxy surveys when obtaining the data, has to be adopted for alternative models like the GCG model. Therefore, in this case the mathematical mapping no longer exist.

References \cite{Neven1, Neven2} first investigated the non-linear clustering of the original $\alpha=1$ Chaplygin gas. The extension to the generalized case was performed in \cite{Copeland}. The recent work by Fernandes {\it et al} \cite{Rui} extended in more detail the analysis for the GCG model with different values of $\alpha$ (see also \cite{popolo}). In this contribution we will revisit the equivalence between $\Lambda$CDM and the GCG model with $\alpha=0$. We calibrate our numerical code in order to match the results of Ref. \cite{Rui} but we also include in our analysis the $\Lambda$CDM case.

Such essence of unifing dark energy and dark matter effects into a single fluid is also captured by other models. The possibility of a late time expansion driven by the viscous mechanism has been first adopted in \cite{viscous1}. We also discuss the spherical collapse for this model. Assuming the Eckart approach for dissipative fluids \cite{Eckart}, its equation of state is given by
\begin{equation}
\Pi= -\xi u^{\gamma}_{; \gamma}
\end{equation}
where $u^{\gamma}$ is the $4-$velocity of the fluid and $\xi$ is the coefficient of bulk viscosity. Usually one adopts the form
\begin{equation}
\xi=\xi_0\left(\frac{\rho_v}{\rho_{v0}}\right)^{\nu},
\end{equation}
where $\xi_0$ is a constant and $\rho_v$ is the density of the bulk viscous fluid. The subscript $0$ denotes today's values. The constant parameter $\nu$ assumes in principle any real value. However, one has to keep in mind that transport coefficients deduced in kinetic theory depend on positive powers of the temperature of the fluid \cite{Chap}. Therefore, negative values for $\nu$ sounds unphysically from the thermodynamical point of view.

In the FRW metric the bulk viscous pressure reduces to $\Pi =-3H\xi$. Due to the dependence of the pressure $\Pi$ with the expansion $H$, it is usually difficult to solve analitically for the density $\rho_v$ when fluids other than the viscous one, e.g. baryons, are present into the dynamics. Therefore we will obtain in this work only numerical results for the viscous model even at the background level.

\section{The background dynamics}

We are interested in expansions of the type

\begin{equation}
H^2(z)=H^2_0\left[ \Omega_{b0}(1+z)^3+\Omega_{unif}(z)\right],
\end{equation}
where $H_0$ is the Hubble constant today, $\Omega_{b0}$ is the today's density parameter for the baryonic matter and $\Omega_{unif}=\rho_{unif}/\rho_{crt}$ is the fractionary density parameter for the fluid that unifies the dark sector with $\rho_{crt}$ being the critical density.

For the GCG we have
\begin{equation}
\Omega_{gc}(z)=\Omega_{gc0}\left\{\bar{A}+(1-\bar{A})(1+z)^{3(1+\alpha)}\right\}^{\frac{1}{1+\alpha}},
\end{equation}
where $\bar{A}=A/\rho_{gc0}^{1+\alpha}$ is a dimensionless parameter. Note that for $\alpha=0$ the expansion reduces to

\begin{equation}
H^2_{gc}(z)=H^2_0\left[\Omega_{b0}(1+z)^3+\Omega_{gc0}\left\{\bar{A}+(1-\bar{A})(1+z)^3\right\}\right]
\end{equation}
and the $\Lambda$CDM model is recovered with the identifications $\Omega_{gc0}\bar{A}=\Omega_{\Lambda}$ and $\Omega_{gc0}(1-\bar{A})=\Omega_{dm0}$.

For an one-fluid approximation, i.e., when one does not take into account other components into the dynamics, the evolution of the bulk viscous model and the GCG are exactly the same. The equivalence $\Omega_{v}(z)\equiv\Omega_{gc}(z)$ implies in the correspondence $\alpha=-(\nu +1/2)$ and $\bar{A}=3\xi_0 H_0 /\rho_{v0}$. Of course, this is an unrealistic case. If, at least, the baryons are included, the viscous pressure will indirectly depend on $\Omega_{b}$ since $\Pi \equiv \Pi(\xi,\Omega_v,\Omega_b)=-3\xi(\Omega_v)H(\Omega_v,\Omega_b)$. The evolution of $\Omega_v$ is therefore obtained from the numerical solution of
\begin{equation}
(1+z)\frac{d\Omega_v}{dz}-3\Omega_v+\tilde{\xi}\left(\frac{\Omega_v}{\Omega_{v0}}\right)^{\nu}\left[\Omega_{v}+\Omega_{b0}(1+z)^3\right]^{1/2}=0
\end{equation}
where we have defined the dimensionless parameter $\tilde{\xi}=\frac{24\pi G \xi_0}{H_0}\left(\frac{3 H^2_0}{8\pi G}\right)^{\nu}$. The initial condition $\Omega_v(z=0)=\Omega_{v0}$ will be fixed to the same value as $\Omega_{gc0}=0.95$.

\section{Equations}\label{Sec:eq}

Our goal here is to obtain the perturbed equations for the evolution of an overdense spherical region collapsing in an expanding universe.

We follow Refs. \cite{Rui, Abramo, Abramo2} and references therein. Let us first define basic quantities. For the collapsed region one can write
\begin{eqnarray}
\vec{v}_c= \vec{u}_0 + \vec{v}_p, \\
\rho_c=\rho\left(1+\delta\right) , \\
p_c=p + \delta p.
\end{eqnarray}

The velocity of the collapsed region $\vec{v}_c$ can be seen as the balance between the background expansion and the peculiar motion.

The effective expansion rate of the collapsed region is written as
\begin{equation}
h=H+\frac{\theta}{3a},
\end{equation}
where $\theta=\nabla \cdot v_p$ and $ v_p$ the peculiar velocity field.

For the collapssing region one has to assure energy conservation. Therefore, each component $i$ obeys a separate equation of the type

\begin{equation}\label{eqdeltaorig}
\dot{\delta_i}=-3H(c^2_{eff_i}-w_i)\delta_i-\left[1+w_i+(1+c^2_{eff_i})\delta_i\right]\frac{\theta}{a}
\end{equation}

where the energy density contrast is defined as

\begin{equation}\label{deltadef}
\delta_i = \left(\frac{\delta \rho}{\rho}\right)_i,
\end{equation}
and the effective speed of sound is computed following $c^2_{eff_i} = (\delta p / \delta \rho)_i$.

The dynamics of the perturbed region will be governed by the Raychaudhuri equation
\begin{equation}\label{eqthetaorig}
\dot{\theta}+H\theta+\frac{\theta^2}{3a}=-4\pi Ga \sum_i (\delta\rho_i + 3\delta p_i)\ .
\end{equation}

For the sake of comparison we write down below separately the system of equations for the GCG, the $\Lambda$CDM and the bulk viscous model.

\subsection{The GCG model}

The equations for the spherical collapse of the GCG have been deduced in details in \cite{Rui}. For the system baryons plus GCG they read

\begin{equation} \label{bgcg}
\dot{\delta}_b = -\left(1+\delta_b\right)\frac{\theta}{a},
\end{equation}
\begin{eqnarray} \label{mgcg}
\dot{\delta}_{gc} =-3H(c^2_{eff_{gc}}-w_{gc})\delta_{gc}\nonumber\\-\left[1+w_{gc}+(1+c^2_{eff_{gc}})\delta_{gc}\right]\frac{\theta}{a},
\end{eqnarray}
\begin{equation} \label{thetagcg}
\dot{\theta}+H\theta+\frac{\theta^2}{3a}=-4\pi Ga \left[\rho_b\delta_b+\rho_{gc}\delta_{gc}\left(1 + 3c^2_{eff_{gc}}\right)\right]\ .
\end{equation}

These equations use the definitions
\begin{equation}\label{wgcg}
w_{gc}= -\frac{\bar{A}}{\bar{A}+\left(1-\bar{A}a^{-3(1+\alpha)}\right)},
\end{equation}
\begin{equation}\label{csgcg}
c^2_{eff_{gc}}=w_{gc} \frac{(1+\delta_{gc})^{-\alpha}-1}{\delta_{gc}},
\end{equation}
which have been defined in \cite{Rui}.

\subsection{The $\Lambda$CDM model}
For the $\Lambda$CDM model both the baryonic and the dark matter component are pressureless fluids.

\begin{equation} \label{blambda}
\dot{\delta}_b=-\left(1+\delta_b\right)\frac{\theta}{a},
\end{equation}
\begin{equation}
\dot{\delta}_{dm}=-\left(1+\delta_{dm}\right)\frac{\theta}{a},
\end{equation}
\begin{equation} \label{thetalambda}
\dot{\theta}+H\theta+\frac{\theta^2}{3a}=-4\pi Ga (\rho_b\delta_b+\rho_{dm}\delta_{dm})\ .
\end{equation}

Note that baryons and dark matter obey to similar equations. This exemplifies the known fact that baryonic matter tracks the dark matter potential wells after the decoupling.

A crucial aspect for the develoment of this work is that the system (\ref{blambda})-(\ref{thetalambda}) can not be recovered by setting $\alpha=0$ into the GCG system (\ref{bgcg})-(\ref{csgcg}).

\subsection{The Bulk viscous model}

Let us now consider the bulk viscosity into the unified models described by the above set of equations. In general this is done by adding the bulk viscous pressure term $\Pi$ to the standard kinetic pressure $p_k$. However, for our viscous fluid we will use the approximation $p_k = 0$ so that the pressure of the unified viscous fluid is dominated by the nonadiabatic contribution $\Pi$. This is equivalent to

\begin{equation}
p= p_k+\Pi\rightarrow\Pi\ .
\end{equation}

Therefore, the speed of sound is properly modified following
\begin{equation}
\label{sound}
c^2_{eff_v}=\frac{\delta \Pi}{\delta\rho_v}=\frac{\frac{\xi \theta}{a}-3H\delta\xi}{\delta \rho_v}=\frac{w_v}{\delta_v}\left[\frac{\theta}{3Ha}+\left(1+\delta_v\right)^{\nu}-1\right]\ ,
\end{equation}
where $\omega_{v} \equiv \Pi/\rho_v$ is viscous equation of state parameter. Note that $c^2_{eff_v}$ depends on the potential of the perturbed velocity field which is a very particular feature of the bulk viscous model.

Therefore taking into account the introduction of the viscous pressure the dynamical equations for $\delta_i$ and $\theta$ are properly modified

\begin{equation}\label{bv}
\dot{\delta}_b = -\left(1+\delta_b\right)\frac{\theta}{a},
\end{equation}

\begin{eqnarray}\label{dmv}
\dot{\delta}_v=-3H\left(c^2_{eff_v}-w_v\right)\delta_v\nonumber\\-\left[1+w_v+(1+c^2_{eff_v})\delta_v\right]\frac{\theta}{a},
\end{eqnarray}

\begin{equation}\label{thetav}
\dot{\theta}+H\theta+\frac{\theta^2}{3a}=-4\pi Ga \left[\rho_b \delta_b  + \rho_v\delta_v \left(1+3c^2_{eff_v}\right)\right]\ .
\end{equation}

\section{Results}

\subsection{Generalized Chaplygin gas {\it versus} $\Lambda$CDM}

We extend now the results of Ref. \cite{Rui} which did not compare the spherical collapse for the GCG with $\alpha=0$ with the dark matter component of the $\Lambda$CDM model. This analysis is very important because many studies in the literature argue that both models are identical also at perturbative level. Indeed, as discussed in \cite{martins, Avelino, Kunz, Aviles} the supposed equivalence between these models, known as ``dark degeneracy'', should also be observed at first order perturbative stage. They have shown however that this degeneracy survives at linear regime if the same initial conditions for $\delta$ and $\theta$ are assumed.

We wonder if a dark matter dominated model in which its equation of state is a negative and constant pressure is exactly the same as the $\Lambda$CDM,
then why it does not become the standard cosmological model?

In fact, if dark matter only leads to the same universe as the $\Lambda$CDM model,
this would represent the final solution of the dark energy paradigm. Of course, the answer is not so simple and indeed there exist a difference between the models as we will show below.

The study of the non-linear clustering can break the degeneracy. If we trace the behavior of the dark matter perturbations it is possible to show that this component behaves differently in both models.

Following \cite{Rui} we solve numerically the system of equations (\ref{bgcg}) - (\ref{thetagcg}) with initial conditions $\delta_{gc}(z=1000)=3.5\times10^{-3}$, $\delta_b(z=1000)=10^{-5}$ and $\theta (z=1000)=0$. For the background we fix $H_0 =72Km/s/Mpc$, $\Omega_{gc0}=0.95$ and $\Omega_{b0}=0.05$. Besides, our analysis for the GCG always uses $\bar{A}=0.75$.

A proper comparison of the GCG's results with the $\Lambda$CDM model occurs if we set $\Omega_{\Lambda}=\Omega_{gc0}\bar{A}=0.95\times0.75$=0.7125 and $\Omega_{dm0}=0.2375$ with the same values for $\Omega_{b0}$ and $H_0$. Then, this assures that the background evolution for the case $\alpha=0$ and the $\Lambda$CDM is exactly the same.

Fig. 1 shows the density perturbation growth of the dark component for both models. We plot the results for the GCG gas ($\delta_{gc}$) with values $\alpha=0$ (dashed black) and $\alpha=0.1$ (solid black). Our results match the results of \cite{Rui} and we have confirmed the consistence of our numerical code for all other values of $\alpha$. The dark matter density contrast $\delta_{dm}$ of a flat $\Lambda$CDM cosmology with $\Omega_{\Lambda}=0.7125$ is plotted in the solid red line of this same figure. As one can see, the behavior of the ``dark'' component in each model is indeed different and consequently, although very similar, the models are not the same. This conclusion is supported by a full analysis of the CMB power spectrum. To quote Amendola {\it et al}, ``We note how the $\Lambda$CDM curve and $\alpha=0$ are very close, but not identical because of the different perturbation sectors.'' \cite{carturan}.

The agreement would exist if we had adopted for the GCG a different definition of the density contrast
\begin{equation}
\delta^{\star}_{gc}=\frac{\delta\rho_{ch}}{\rho_{gc}}(1+w_{gc})
\end{equation}
rather than the one defined in (\ref{deltadef}). However, the products of galaxy surveys are observables like the growth index, $\sigma_8$ and the matter power spectrum which adopt the definition (\ref{deltadef}). Therefore, this is the variable (\ref{deltadef}) that one has to assume when comparing the perturbative behavior of distinct cosmological models.

For the same cases studied in Fig. 1 we can plot the evolution of the baryonic component $\delta_b$, see Fig. 2, and the expansion rate $h$ of the collapsed region in Fig. 3. For both quantities there exist a perfect agreement between the GCG with $\alpha=0$ and the $\Lambda$CDM model.

\begin{figure}\label{fig1}
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=0.43\textwidth]{deltaGCG1.eps}
\caption{Dark matter perturbation growth as function of the redshift. The black lines show $\delta_{gc}$ for $\alpha=0$ (dashed) and $\alpha=0.1$ (solid) fixing $\bar{A}=0.75$. Both agree with Ref. \cite{Rui}. Red line (upper one) shows $\delta_{dm}$ for the $\Lambda$CDM model.  }
\end{center}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}\label{fig2}
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=0.43\textwidth]{deltabGCG1.eps}
\caption{Perturbation growth of baryons as a function of the redshift. The black lines show $\delta_{b}$ for GCG cosmologies with $\alpha=0$ (dashed) and $\alpha=0.1$ fixing $\bar{A}=0.75$. Both agree with Ref. \cite{Rui}. Red line shows $\delta_{b}$ for the $\Lambda$CDM model and agrees exactly with the case $\alpha=0$.  }
\end{center}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}\label{fig3}
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=0.43\textwidth]{hGCG1.eps}
\caption{Evolution of the expansion rate of the collapsed region. The black lines show $h$ for GCG cosmologies with $\alpha=0$ (dashed) and $\alpha=0.1$ fixing $\bar{A}=0.75$. Both agree with Ref. \cite{Rui}. Red line shows $h$ for the $\Lambda$CDM model and agrees exactly with the case $\alpha=0$.   }
\end{center}
\end{figure}

\subsection{Bulk viscous fluid}

For viscosities in the range $2 < \tilde{\xi} < 2.5$ the unified bulk viscous model explains the late phase of accelerated expansion and therefore it produces a viable background cosmology \cite{winfried, dominik, VeltenHz, MB}

We solve numerically the system of equations (\ref{bv})-(\ref{thetav}), with initial conditions $\delta_{v}(z=1000)=3.5\times10^{-3}$, $\delta_b(z=1000)=10^{-5}$ and $\theta (z=1000)=0$. For the background we fix $H_0 =72Km/s/Mpc$, $\Omega_{v0}=0.95$ and $\Omega_{b0}=0.05$.

Let us start fixing $\nu=0$, i.e., the coefficient of bulk viscosity is a constant and its magnitude is given by $\tilde{\xi}$. We see in Figs. 4, 5 and 6 the evolution of the density contrast for the dark matter, baryons and the expansion of the collapsed, respectively. The results of Figs. 1, 2 and 3 are shown together in order to allow an appropriate comparison with the results of the GCG and the $\Lambda$CDM model. The bulk viscous fluid is displayed in dashed blue lines for values $\tilde{\xi}= 1$ (top line), $\tilde{\xi}=1.25$ (middle) and $\tilde{\xi}=1.5$ (bottom line).

In Fig. 4 we see that dark structures are severely suppressed for the value $\tilde{\xi}=1.5$. Note that in this case the background expansion is not accelerated \cite{winfried, dominik, VeltenHz, MB}. The dissipative mechanism present in the bulk viscous fluid avoids the formation of viscous dark matter halos in the unified scenario. A similar problem occurs with the CMB data \cite{Barrow}.

In order to verify the consistence of this result we also plot the same as Figs. 4, 5 and 6 but for a coefficient $\nu=1/4$ in Figs. 7, 8 and 9. The dashed blue lines now correspond to the values $\tilde{\xi}=0.3$ (top line), $\tilde{\xi}=0.5$ (middle) and $\tilde{\xi}=0.7$ (bottom line).

For the case $\nu=1/2$ we produce similar plots in Figs. 10, 11 and 12. The dashed blue lines now correspond to the values $\tilde{\xi}=0.3$ (top line), $\tilde{\xi}=0.5$ (middle) and $\tilde{\xi}=0.7$ (bottom line). The larger the coefficient $\nu$ the smaller the viscosity value $\tilde{\xi}$.

Remember that in kinetic theory the transport coefficients are calculated as a function of positive powers of the temperature of the fluid $\xi \equiv \xi(T)$ \cite{Chap}. Consequently negative values for $\nu$ have to be avoided. The range $0\leq\nu\leq 0.5$ covers the effective region of the bulk viscous parameter space.

\begin{figure}\label{fig4}
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=0.43\textwidth]{deltaBulk1.eps}
\caption{Dark matter perturbation growth as function of the redshift. The same as Fig.1 but now we add the perturbation in the bulk viscous fluid $\delta_v$ (dashed blue lines) with, from top to bottom, $\tilde{\xi}=1, 1.25$ and $1.5$ fixing $\nu=0$. }
\end{center}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}\label{fig5}
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=0.43\textwidth]{deltabBulk1.eps}
\caption{Perturbation growth of baryons as a function of the redshift. The same as Fig.2 but now we add the baryonic perturbation in the bulk viscous fluid model (dashed blue lines) with, from top to bottom, $\tilde{\xi}=1, 1.25$ and $1.5$, fixing $\nu=0$.}
\end{center}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}\label{fig6}
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=0.43\textwidth]{hBulk1.eps}
\caption{Evolution of the expansion rate of the collapsed region. The same as Fig.3 but now we add the result for the bulk viscous fluid (dashed blue lines) with, from top to bottom, $\tilde{\xi}=1, 1.25$ and $1.5$ fixing $\nu=0$. }
\end{center}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}\label{fig7}
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=0.43\textwidth]{deltaBulkxi025.eps}
\caption{Dark matter perturbation growth as function of the redshift. The same as Fig.1 but now we add the perturbation in the bulk viscous fluid $\delta_v$ (dashed blue lines) with, from top to bottom, $\tilde{\xi}=0.3, 0.5$ and $0.7$ fixing $\nu=1/4$. }
\end{center}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}\label{fig8}
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=0.43\textwidth]{deltabBulkxi025.eps}
\caption{Perturbation growth of baryons as a function of the redshift. The same as Fig.2 but now we add the baryonic perturbation in the bulk viscous fluid model (dashed blue lines) with, from top to bottom, $\tilde{\xi}=0.3, 0.5$ and $0.7$ fixing $\nu=1/4$.  }
\end{center}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}\label{fig10}
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=0.43\textwidth]{hBulkxi025.eps}
\caption{Evolution of the expansion rate of the collapsed region. The same as Fig.3 but now we add the result for the bulk viscous fluid (dashed blue lines) with, from top to bottom, $\tilde{\xi}=0.3, 0.5$ and $0.7$ fixing $\nu=1/4$. }
\end{center}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}\label{fig11}
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=0.43\textwidth]{deltaBulkxi05.eps}
\caption{Dark matter perturbation growth as function of the redshift. The same as Fig.1 but now we add the perturbation in the bulk viscous fluid $\delta_v$ (dashed blue lines) with, from top to bottom, $\tilde{\xi}=0.05, 0.075$ and $0.1$ fixing $\nu=1/2$. }
\end{center}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}\label{fig12}
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=0.43\textwidth]{deltabBulkxi05.eps}
\caption{Perturbation growth of baryons as a function of the redshift. The same as Fig.2 but now we add the baryonic perturbation in the bulk viscous fluid model (dashed blue lines) with, from top to bottom, $\tilde{\xi}=0.05, 0.075$ and $0.1$ fixing $\nu=1/2$.}
\end{center}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}\label{fig9}
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=0.43\textwidth]{hBulkxi05.eps}
\caption{Evolution of the expansion rate of the collapsed region. The same as Fig.3 but now we add the result for the bulk viscous fluid (dashed blue lines) with, from top to bottom, $\tilde{\xi}=0.05, 0.075$ and $0.1$ fixing $\nu=1/2$. }
\end{center}
\end{figure}

\section{Conclusions}

We have studied the spherical collapse for the class of unified cosmologies. We worked with
two candidates namely, i) the generalized Chaplygin gas and ii) the bulk viscous model. For each model we had distinct aims.

\begin{itemize}

\item For the GCG our goal was to understand its $\Lambda$CDM limit ($\alpha=0$) and then
promove a suitable comparison with the standard cosmology in order to test the so-called ``dark degeneracy''.

The comparison between the GCG with $\alpha=0$ and the $\Lambda$CDM shows that although the visible dynamics, i.e. the baryonic part and the expansion of the collapsed region, is indeed the same, the dynamics of the dark part of such models is different. This result supports the conclusion that the models are not exactly the same because they would display different bias factors. The relation between the baryonic and the dark matter overdensities is different. This issue is the key point for understanding the so-called ``dark degeneracy'' \cite{Kunz}. Therefore, lensing observations could be able to differentiate such cosmologies.

\item For the bulk viscous model we employed for the first time a non-linear study and our main goal was
to understand the magnitude of the viscous parameter that allows structure formation at non-linear level.

The bulk viscous model does lead to virialized structures, but only for $\tilde{\xi}$ values that do not provide the large scale background expansion of the universe. Therefore, this result challenges unified viscous models since collapsed dark viscous structures would never exist in the unified scenario. We have checked the consistence of this result for different values of the parameter $\nu$ which shapes the form of the bulk viscous coefficient $\xi$. In some sense the viscous effects prevents structure formation at non-linear order because the coefficient $\tilde{\xi}$ assumes high values. In the unified picture this is a necessary condition because of the need to accelerate the background expansion. An interesting scenario for the bulk viscous dark matter occurs in the context of the standard cosmology when only the cold dark matter presents dissipation while the cosmological constant accelerates the universe. This is the essence of the $\Lambda$vCDM model \cite{dominikVelten2012, velten, velten2014}. The suppression mechanism present in the bulk viscous dark matter seems to be an indication for solving the small scale problems of the standard model which are related to the excess of satelites and the cusp profile of galaxies \cite{velten2014}. In a future communication we will study the non-linear aspects of the $\Lambda$CDM model.

\end{itemize}

\textbf{Acknowledgement}:  We thank CNPq (Brazil) and FAPES (Brazil) for partial financial support.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


Vermin Supreme protests outside Hillary Clinton's book signing in downtown Concord.
Vermin Supreme attempted to take his live pony into Clinton's event at the bookstore but was reluctantly denied.
If you've been tuned into New Hampshire politics for the past few presidential elections, then you've probably heard the name Vermin Supreme.
He's been on the primary ballot for the past three presidential elections and he tends to stand out. He's the only candidate who consistently wears a boot on his head and declares "free ponies for all," as his major campaign platform.
Listen to some audio of the 'pony parade' in downtown Concord.
On Tuesday, he was back - this time with a real pony that he led around downtown Concord alongside a handful of his supporters. With megaphone in hand, he protested outside Hillary Clinton's book signing event at Gibson's Bookstore.
He even tried to bring the pony into the store, but was denied.
Hosting this so-called "pony parade" wasn't easy. Supreme had to file a lawsuit against the city to get the permit he needed. The city eventually OK'd his request but he had to pay a $75 fee for "pony parking."
When asked why he was holding his protest, he said it was to exercise his freedom of speech, something he'll likely be doing again soon during New Hampshire's 2020 presidential primary.


If you can't make it across the world to Japan, consider our nation's capital, which is in simultaneous bloom. The National Cherry Blossom Festival starts on March 20, and the moderate weather is great for exploring the monuments, National Mall and U.S. Botanic Garden. When you need a break from the sightseeing, check out the burgeoning food scene. The boozy brunch at Le Diplomate is to-die-for.
You might not think of Uruguay as a hip beachy hot spot... but that relative obscurity makes it a great choice for international spring jaunts. The town of Jose Ignacio is known as the Saint-Tropez of South America for its bohemian vibe, gorgeous sand and serious nightlife. Throughout March, you'll find constant sunshine and temperatures in the '70s.


text:
Fireworks display at Vulcan Park to celebrate Veterans Day
Fireworks follow National Veterans Day Parade
Updated: 10:39 AM CST Nov 8, 2017
By Linda Grantin
A fireworks display takes place at Vulcan Park Saturday following the National Veterans Day Parade in downtown Birmingham.The parade begins at 1:30 p.m. in downtown Birmingham. The fireworks celebration begins at 5:30 p.m. at Vulcan Park.For safety measures, the park and museum will close at 2:30 p.m. Saturday and reopen shortly after 6 p.m.
BIRMINGHAM, Ala. —
A fireworks display takes place at Vulcan Park Saturday following the National Veterans Day Parade in downtown Birmingham.
The parade begins at 1:30 p.m. in downtown Birmingham.
The fireworks celebration begins at 5:30 p.m. at Vulcan Park.
For safety measures, the park and museum will close at 2:30 p.m. Saturday and reopen shortly after 6 p.m.


text:
New Henley
Henley were motorcycles produced in Birmingham from 1920 to 1926, firstly in Spring Hill, and then Doe Street.
1920 The firm started out with their first model. This was powered by the usual 269cc Villiers two-stroke engine, and was available in two forms. One was single speed and the other two-speed through a Sturmey-Archer gearbox. Both had belt drive.
1921 By now those two lightweights had been joined by machines with 293cc and 677cc sv JAP engines, also with belt final-drive.
1922 By the middle of that year the firm was concentrating on a single model range that used a 348cc sv Blackburne engine. The company was so successful that they moved to larger premises in Doe Street, where they remained for the next four years. That autumn the 350cc progressed to ohv power, from the oil-cooled Bradshaw engine, a three-speed gearbox, all-chain drive and internal expanding brakes. A sleek appearance was achieved by the use of a sporting frame layout, with sloping top tube. That model was successfully used for competition and also in an Isle of Man TT race.
1923-1925 New models appeared, with 249cc, 348cc ohv and 545cc sv Blackburne powered engines. Some in De Luxe or Super Sports versions, others as complete sidecar outfits.
1926 The original company was sold on to new owners that year, and the trading name was changed to New Henley.
Note: Under its new name, the make continued until 1931.
The British Motorcycle Directory - Over 1,100 Marques from 1888 - by Roy Bacon and Ken Hallworth. Pub: The Crowood Press 2004 ISBN 1 86126 674 X
The Encyclopedia of the Motorcycle by Peter Henshaw. Published 2007. ISBN 978 1 8401 3967 9
Retrieved from "https://www.gracesguide.co.uk/index.php?title=New_Henley&oldid=373429"
Town - Birmingham


The European F3 series is still the stepping stone to Formula One for so many drivers. Here you'll find the sons of rich fathers that soon will buy their way into a premiere Formula One drive.
But putting cynicism aside for a brief moment, I still think F3 cars are about the best looking single seaters going around today and the racing is usually epic.
So tune in and enjoy.


1947 French thriller that's all Parisian and music hall atmosphere. In English Quay of the Goldsmiths. Directed by Henri-Georges Clouzot from a novel by Stanislas-Andre Steeman. Story of jealous husband ((Bernard Blier) accused of murdering the man he suspected of seducing his wife. Suzy Delair is wonderful as the talented and ambitious singer who is driving her husband/accompanist crazy.


Robert Tidwell is affiliated with Robert Tidwell Construction Company, aka JM Building & Investments operating in Kaufman, Texas . Robert Tidwell is currently affiliated with two companies that have been approved by the Texas Residential Construction Commission.
SIXTY ONE THOUSAND, THREE HUNDRED THIRTY-FOUR DOLLARS AND EIGHTY-NINE CENTS ($61,334.89).
The Partington family story – In 2001 Brian Partington, after doctors confirmed remission of Lisa's 5-year bout, with breast cancer, her husband, Brian, wanted to give her and his family their new dream home on 3 acres of land they owned. Midway through construction the builder, Robert Tidwell walked off the job, never finishing their home. The bank that handled the interim financing foreclosed on their home and land, then sold it to another family leaving the Partington family both emotionally and financially devastated.
Brian, a Dallas firefighter, who also holds down a 2nd job, works about 80 hours per week; yet, has managed to deal with the destruction and keep a roof over the head of Lisa and their 3 children. Lisa can't work due to her compromised immune system and continuous treatments. However, on February 14, she visited with legislators and with unbelievable strength and courage told her story despite the side effects of chemo therapy. Her concluding remarks were; "I know I probably won't ever live to see my "dream home" but I question why this builder has been approved by TRCC to build in Texas . If I can just help keep one other family from going through what we have endured, my trip and story have not been in vain," said Lisa.
On Tuesday, March 15, Lisa again entered the hospital to undergo major surgery. "Lisa has recurring cancer and probably won't live to see her dream home build," said Brian.
Anyone with $125, a social security number and absolutely no knowledge of how to construct a house is eligible to be a builder in Texas . People need a license to catch a fish and drive a car but not to be a builder in Texas and I can vouch for that.
You see I am now an official registered builder in The Great State of Texas , doing business as "Cheetum Custom Homes.
My degree in physical therapy certainly does not qualify me to build homes however; building qualifications are irrelevant in Texas .
Send us your nominations for the Cheetum Mark of Distinction Hall of Shame Award.