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Posted inArt Reviews Weekend
Peace Beyond Words: 'Tower of Babel' at Schema Projects
by Karen Schiff May 14, 2016 May 16, 2016
Roni Ben Ari, "Drawing Stone"" (2016), pigment print on archival paper (courtesy the artist) (click to enlarge)
In the current Tower of Babel exhibition at Schema Projects, three curators — in New York, Perugia, and Tel Aviv — asked artists living in their three countries to create new works related to the Bible's story of the Tower of Babel. While the artworks often focus on questions about language, they also address other timely matters related to this ancient tale: group identity, urban development, and the risks of hotly pursuing either one. The results are mixed, but altogether the exhibition offers a fresh view of globalism, which is especially welcome in light of the fraught political debates about Israel.
In the biblical story, which is quoted in full in the gallery's press release, the people of the world unite and use a single language to build a tower tall enough to reach the heavens. Their hubris gets thwarted: God "confused the language of the entire earth," making the people unintelligible to each other, and "scattered them upon the face of the entire earth" (Genesis 11:9). Understandably, then, "Babel" often has been associated with "babble" (and the Hebrew root of "Babel" does mean "confusion," though "babble" has other etymological roots). There are indeed so many works in the Tower of Babel exhibition, about so many subjects and in so many styles, languages, sizes, and media, that it is hard to find the show's coherence…but this is true of many group exhibitions. In Tower of Babel the variety is a strength: it conveys a vision of pluralistic openness among nations and cultures. More on this below. Another strength is the works' generally consistent level of high polish.
Individual pieces feature, among the show's many motifs: towers (often fallen), semiotic systems (or scribblings), and formal explorations of communication technologies and building materials. Some of the shapes evoke Barnett Newman's zips, or New York's Twin Towers, and some compositions incorporating blocks recall Israel's politically charged walls (sacred and secular). The mostly rectangular works are hung salon-style, like building blocks (of language?) on the gallery wall, and the entire installation therefore resembles the construction of the eponymous biblical city. Many pieces depict ziggurats, in keeping with common interpretations of the fabled tower's assumed shape, though skyscrapers and ruins are just as common. And as images of architecture tend toward the dystopic, with many tumbling forms and fragmented collages, they suggest not only an ancient city abandoned mid-stream, but also contemporary cities threatened by overdevelopment or neglect. Many of the artists' statements in the exhibition's thick Guidebook address politics, mythologies, and the philosophy of language.
The curatorial focus emphasizes the Genesis story's foundational position in the mythology of language. This is fitting for an exhibition that brings together artists whose diverse languages — and even alphabets — represent countries well-steeped in the history of making language visible. Israel is home to scribes who preserve sacred calligraphic traditions for Semitic alphabets; artisans in Italy developed Latinate italics, serifed inscriptions carved on stone monuments, and many crafts related to book printing and binding; the U.S. is home to historic centers of publishing and multitudes of speakers of the world's languages. Many works in Tower of Babel play with the formal qualities of visible language: legible texts; texts that would be legible if they weren't layered into unintelligibility; codes; small blocks resembling lead "sorts," the mounted, movable letters of metal type used in letterpress printing; or asemic writing (abstract marks that gesture toward language).
Francesca Manfredi, "La Torre" (2016), oxides on paper, 30 x 25 cm (courtesy the artist) (click to enlarge)
But if the Tower of Babel story focuses on language to tell a political cautionary tale, it can also be used to forge a vision of peaceable diversity; this is where the exhibition gains power. A fresh look at the original text will help unpack this theme and flesh out the corresponding, understated achievement of Tower of Babel.
The story in the book of Genesis appears as a narrative interruption — only nine verses — between two long lists of names tracing the family tree between familiar characters, Noah and Abraham. This means that the Babel episode is the only blip of dramatic intrigue between the more fully articulated stories of the Flood and the founding of Monotheism, both of which inform the backdrop to the Tower of Babel exhibition. The Tower of Babel emerges from the aftermath of the Flood as an answer to the question: how can a viable human society emerge after global devastation? The chapter before the Babel story often focuses on the variety among the descendants of Noah as they multiplied: "the islands of the nations separated in their lands, each one to his language, according to their families, in their nations" (Genesis 10:5; see also verses 20, 31, and 32, plus verses 18, 21, and 25).
So, if people are "scattered" and the earth is emphatically multilingual and multicultural, even before Babel, why is the tower story said to explain the invention of languages? Because the people of many nations leave linguistic diversity behind as they gather in one place for a common goal: "Now the whole earth was of one language and uniform words" (Gen. 11:1). The contrast with the previous chapter is strong and impossible to ignore, but the new monolingualism doesn't last long. The reason for the renewed proliferation of languages is not that monolingualism is a problem in itself; it's that the people decide to use their ability to communicate for their own gain — "let us make ourselves a name" (Gen. 11:4). They use their shared language not to fulfill a psycho-social need (cf. Adrienne Rich's The Dream of a Common Language), but to build a city motivated by inappropriate intentions. Think of English in today's world economy: in many cases it is being used to fuel positive developments, but it can also enable exploitation, not to mention art-market prices as sky-high as Babel's misguided tower.
In Genesis, a new abundance of languages foils the plan: when no one can understand anyone else's instructions, the hubristic construction stops. In other words, diversity creates a less ego-driven society. Perhaps the basic striving literally to understand each other helps to foster goodwill. With the people now inhabiting many locations and speaking many languages, the social field is restored to a peaceful patchwork, and the litany of names in the text resumes. Similarly, in the Tower of Babel exhibition, the English-only platform of the global art world is undercut by foregrounding the linguistic and national diversity of the artworks, which are mixed together on the wall, instead of being divided by their three countries or languages; the juxtaposition of these silent, separate interlocutors echoes the patterns of the landscape at the end of the Tower of Babel story. And although the thick book of Tower of Babel artists' statements (all in English) practically forms a tower in itself, this exhibition has a humility that comes from the collective's multivocality. The artists cannot be tied easily to their home nations: some were chosen by a curator from one of the other countries in the exhibition. This move away from predictable alliances — let's call it an avoidance of linguistic essentialism — adds to the complexity of the show's version of identity politics.
Arezoo Moseni, "In A World, 2" (2016) pen and pencil on museum foamcore, 12 x 12 inches (courtesy the artist)
A further surprise about this exhibition is that it deals with Israel in a nonchalant way, even as ever-new controversies erupt in the Middle East, and (art) world attention perseverates over the vexing and trenchant problems of Israel/Palestine. In Tower of Babel, artists from Israel are included as individuals, not as representatives of their government; they are not distinguished from the others on the wall or denied their expression through cultural boycott. What does this achieve, aside from presenting a quiet, alternative model to such movements as BDS (Boycott, Divestment, and Sanctions) and CDS (Challenging Double Standards, a critical response to BDS that hasn't received as much media coverage)? In our age of global warming (a future Flood story!), Tower of Babel shows citizens from an unlikely jumble of countries responding together to the catastrophes of our shared narrative (past, present, and/or future). What we see in this exhibition is mellow, international cooperation, a global politics beyond ideologies and loyalties.
Babel's legacy of multilingualism has led to bloody consequences more than to sanguine peace: mutual incomprehensibility can create unwitting, mortal danger (as in the 2006 movie, Babel) as well as war (as among the monotheistic cultures derived from the Abrahamic story that follows Babel). This is why the Tower of Babel exhibition is such a revolutionary offering. Given the challenges we face in using the "one language" of English (to enable healthy global development), and in defusing the bigotry of English-only politicians (who loudly proclaim their denials of climate change), it is refreshing to find such an unassuming international display, where the common language of art combines with the matter-of-fact diversity of its creative exploration.
Tower of Babel continues at Schema Projects (92 St. Nicholas Avenue, Bushwick, Brooklyn) through May 15; it will then travel to Trebisonda Centro per l'arte Contemporanea in Perugia, Italy and to Givitayem City Gallery in Tel Aviv, Israel.
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Tagged: Reviews, Schema Projects, Weekend
Karen Schiff
Karen Schiff (MFA/PhD) is an artist and wordsmith based in New York. In 2016, her "#" drawings appeared in exhibitions at Union College (NY) and Fred Giampietro Gallery (CT). She participated in the "Untitled... More by Karen Schiff


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Alastair Campbell: Labour's One Nation positioning must be backed by policy
Labour comms adviser Alastair Campbell has said the party must do more to establish the One Nation idea staked out by Ed Miliband.
by John Owens / January 14, 2014
Alastair Campbell: Labour must back up its One Nation claim with policies
Campbell claimed the idea of what One Nation Labour is was "not established" and "means to the public whatever the public wants it to mean".
The One Nation slogan was first used by Ed Miliband at the 2012 party conference, where he stated that it represented: "A country where everyone has a stake; a country where prosperity is fairly shared; where we have a shared destiny, a sense of shared endeavour and a common life that we lead together."
His words follow shortly after Labour MP Simon Danczuk told PRWeek that the party had to move away from "political mantras".
In December a leaked memo revealed that Campbell, who was one of the key figures behind New Labour and No 10 director of comms between 1997 and 2003, would be drafted in to help Labour's election efforts.
Campbell, now a part-time consultant at Portland, warned that the party needed at least four "hard-hitting" policies if the public was to understand what One Nation Labour stood for.
Referring to Ed Miliband's speech at the Labour Party Conference, he said: "One Nation worked last year for Ed's speech but it wasn't followed through with a hard-hitting policy."
The four policies would include "one on the economy, a couple on public services and one about cultural space".
Campbell added that the idea of nationalising railways was one "that people can latch on to, and should be explored further".
Government / Non-Profit
Public Affairs/Lobbying
Alastair Campbell to replace Piers Morgan as GQ interviewer
Labour MP urges party to ditch "simplistic and outdated" messaging
The new 'on message' is being off message
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text:
A köténylemez () rendszerint páncél-acélanyagból, vagy gumiból készített kiegészítő páncélzat, melyet a harckocsik – korábban rohamlövegekre is – és lövésszállító páncélosok oldalpáncéljai elé szerelnek fel, növelve a páncélzat védelmét. Működési elve alapján az üreges páncélok egy fajtája.

Második világháború
A második világháborúban terjedt el használata, a háború első felében a bonyolult külső rugózású futóművek védelmében alkalmaztak részleges kötényezést. Kiterjedt alkalmazásuk a Szovjetunió elleni német támadás után, 1942 tavaszától jellemző a brit és német járműveken a korabeli hatékony 14,5 – 28 mm-es űrméretű páncéltörő lövedékek célballisztikai teljesítményének rontása érdekében. Ahogy a lövedék átszakította a vékony lemezt, némileg sérült annak orr-része, valamint kibillent az egyensúlyából, ezáltal 10-50%-kal kisebb hatásfokkal tudták átütni a jármű páncélját.

Elsősorban a szovjet harckocsivadász-alakulatok páncélromboló puskái – PTRD és PTRSZ – ellen szerelték fel a Pz. III, IV és V harckocsikat. Gyártásuk nem volt bonyolult, egy acélvázra kellett felakasztani a lemezből előre gyártott elemeket. Az egyes fél-egy méter széles lemezek azonban nem voltak szilárdan rögzítve a kerethez, mivel találat esetén azok nagymértékben elgörbültek, emiatt célszerűbb volt, ha a detonáció után az elemek leszakadtak a járműről. A terepi szükség-átalakítások során kiderült, hogy erős acélhuzalból szőtt sűrű acélháló ugyanolyan hatásos a lövedékek kitérítésében, azonban kevesebb és olcsóbb (ötvözött páncéllemez helyett acélháló) nyersanyagot igényeltek. Ettől eltérően a brit harckocsikon vastagabb, a jármű szerkezetének részét képező oldalkötényeket alkalmaztak elsősorban a futómű védelmére a német 20 mm-es gépágyúk és a sPzB 41 ellenében. A háború legvégén a szovjet harckocsik egy részét a németekhez hasonlóan hálóból készült köténnyel látták el, amelyek a kézzel dobott robbanótöltetek és gránátok ellen nyújtott némi védelmet, illetve szerencsés esetben a molotov-koktélok üvege nem tört el a hálón és így nem gyújtották fel a járművet.

Az elterjedt tévhitekkel ellentétben a korai kötények nem voltak hatásosak a kumulatív fegyverek ellen, mivel már az első generációs töltetek ellen is közel 1 méternyi légrés kellett volna a páncéltörő-képesség érdemi csökkentéséhez. Ellenben a meredek szögben érkező lövedékek hatásfokát még növelhette is a kötény, mivel a kumulatív sugár koncentrációja a detonáció pontjától egy, a fegyver űrméretével összefüggő távolságig még fokozódik is. A tévhit alapja, hogy a kézzel dobott kumulatív és hagyományos robbanó/romboló fegyverekkel, valamint a tüzérségi lövedékek repeszhatásával szemben némileg védték a futóművet a kötények, valamint a szemből, alacsony (α<30°) szögben érkező kumulatív rakéták és gránátok könnyen gellert kaphattak.

A kötények jellegzetes 2. világháborús alkalmazási területei:

 A bonyolult külső rugózás védelmére használtak részleges kötényezést többek között a Souma S-35, a Neubaufahrzeug, a T-28 és a T-35 harckocsikon.
A Crusader, Matilda és Valentine brit harckocsik számos változata kötényezéssel készült a német páncéltörő nehézpuskák elleni védelem érdekében.
A Pz.Kpfw. III M és N változatain alkalmaztak 5 mm vastag páncéllemezt a harckocsitesten és a tornyon.
 A Stu.G. III és Stu.G. IV változatain is alkalmazták a köténylemezeket.
 A Pz.Kpfw. IV G, H és J változatain is 5 mm-es páncéllemezeket alkalmaztak a Pz. III-éhoz hasonlóan, azonban a J változaton a háború végéig hálót alkalmaztak.
 A Pz.Kpfw. V Panther minden változatán alkalmazták, azonban egyedül az oldalpáncél előtt, átlapolva, melyek leértek közel a futógörgők tengelyéig, hiszen csak ez a terület volt sérülékeny a PTRD-vel szemben.
A T-34 és IS harckocsik egy részét ellátták alacsony hatásfokú hálóval az oldalukon a különböző gránátok ellen.
A Sherman harckocsikat improvizált kötényekkel látta el személyzetük néhány esetben a nyugati és a csendes-óceáni fronton egyaránt. Ezek zsákmányolt páncéllemezekből, lánctalp-elemekből vagy akár fából is készülhettek és a kézi kumulatív eszközök, valamint az öngyilkos támadások ellen nyújtottak némi védelmet.
A Magyar Zrínyi és Turán harcjárműveket oldalt 5, a torony körül 8 mm vastag köténnyel látták el, melyek perforált lemezből készültek, így nem csak hatásosabbak voltak, de kisebb tömeggel terhelték a futóműveket.

Hidegháború

1945 után a harckocsik újra kötényezés nélkül készültek, mivel ekkora az oldalpáncélok vastagsága meghaladta a kritikus 35–40 mm-t amire a (mai szóhasználattal) rombolópuskák veszélyt jelentenek. Azonban a könnyebb járműveken a 20–40 mm-es gépágyúk terjedése, valamint a páncélgépkocsikon és könnyű harckocsikon terjedő 75–90 mm űrméretű, rogyókúpos (HESH) lőszert és HEAT gránátokat tüzelő kisnyomású lövegek komoly veszélyt jelentettek a kora-hatvanas évektől. Ennek hatására újra terjedni kezdtek az acélból készült, ekkor már akár a 16 mm vastagságot (Chieftain, Centurion) is elérő oldalkötények. A korabeli harckocsik oldala ilyen köténnyel már akár a 30-40mm-es gépágyú lőszerekkel szemben is adekvált védelmet nyertek. A kötények gyakran speciális, felületkezelt keményített acélból készültek, ezáltal kisebb vastagság mellett is hatásos védelmet nyújtottak (Leopard 1A3). Mivel egy vastag gumi réteg azonos hatásfokkal csökkentette a kinetikus lőszerek hatásfokát, mint az acél kötények, azonban könnyebben kezelhetőek voltak javításnál és kevésbé sérültek a terepen, így a T-55, T-72 és T-64 harckocsik bizonyos változatain, majd ezek utódjain ilyen kötényezés terjedt el.

A kötényezés emellett védte a futóművet a tüzérségi gránátok hatásaitól, a könnyű fegyverek tüzétől és a védettség fokozódása mellett a porfelverődés, a melegedő futómű-elemek infravörös jelének takarása, valamint a jármű sziluettjének "simítása" révén javítja az álcázhatóságot. A kumulatív gránátok elleni védelemhez azonban ezek a kötények még mindig elégtelenek voltak, mivel például a T-54 harckocsi D-10T lövegéhez rendszeresített üreges lőszerek páncéltörő képessége csak 1,2 méteres légrésnél kezdett érdemben csökkenni.

Ezért különböző, gyakran ad-hoc megoldásokkal kísérleteztek a korban. A korai T-64 harckocsikat "kopoltyú" páncélokkal látták el. Ezek a kötények oldal irányban kinyíltak 45°-ban terepen, így akár 2-2,5m légrés is biztosított volt, egy 30°-ban érkező töltettel szemben, azonban a módszer nem vált be, mert az ilyen kötények nagyon könnyen leszakadtak haladás közben, gyakran megrongálva a lánctalpat. Az Strv-103 harckocsik egy részét a jármű elején elhelyezett acélhálóval próbálták védeni a HEAT fegyverek ellen hasonlóan a Pz IV ausf. J oldalkötényeihez, míg a 103-asok oldalán kannákat hordoztak, mivel a kumulatív sugarat némileg destabilizálta, ahogy neki ütődött a robbanási lökéshullám miatt a kannákban oda-vissza csapódó dízel üzemanyag. Utóbbi megoldás fejlettebb felhasználása a korszerű harckocsik oldalszekrényében két páncélréteg között tárolt üzemanyag, amely nem csak nagy hatásfokú kötényként funkcionál, de a dízel üzemanyag folyadék-jellege révén a kinetikus és kumulatív lőszerek hatásfokát is képes némileg csökkenteni (Leopard 2, Merkava, Altay).

A hetvenes évektől a nagyobb teljesítményű fegyverek (2A42, Gau-8), valamint az APDS és APFSDS gépágyúlőszerek terjedése újra elégtelenné tette a védettséget, valamint a fejlett gyalogsági páncéltörő fegyverek általánossá válása (Carl Gustaf, RPG-7) égető kérdéssé tette az oldal-védettség fokozását. A nyugati járműveken többrétegű, keményített acélt (a lőszer roncsolása), perforált lemezt (ballisztikai kibillentés) és hagyományos acélpáncélt alkalmaztak innentől kezdve, amely jóval hatásosabban csökkentette a kinetikus lőszerek hatékonyságát, valamint a különböző sűrűségű (acél-levegő-acél-levegő...) rétegeken való áthaladás némileg csökkentette az első és második generációs kumulatív töltetek hatásosságát (M1, Leclerc, Leopard2A4).

Néhány különleges megoldás is kialakult az egyes járművek sajátos igényeihez igazodva. A Merkava harckocsik tornyának vékony hátpáncélját nagy méretű tároló kosárral látták el, amely kötényként funkcionál, valamint alsó részét acél lánc egészíti ki, mely a vezető kiszállását lehetővé teszi, ha a torony hátrafelé néz. Hasonló célokra a T-72, T-64 (és utódjaik) járművek néhány változatán a tornyot kiegészítő páncélokon gumi lapokat használnak. Számos járművön a külső tároló ládák, rekeszek, valamint a beásásra vagy akadályelhárításra szolgáló tolólapok szolgálnak kiegészítő kötényként.

Korszerű harckocsik
A '80-as évektől egyre nagyobb szerepet kapott az aszimmetrikus hadviselés és a városi harcászat, így a járművek oldalára koncentrálódó tűz egyre hangsúlyosabb lett a védelem tervezésében, azonban a járművek méret- és tömegkorlátai korlátozzák a lehetőségeket. Ezért egyre inkább specializált és kompozit páncélok felé mozdulnak el a gyártók. Gyakran a kötények, előtétpáncélok és az üreges páncélok már összefüggő, integráns rendszert képeznek, melyek a jármű minden oldalát és gyakran tetejét is érintik (Merkava, Type 10, T-72B3). A korszerű lövészpáncélosok is használnak üreges páncélzatot kötényezéssel, így az M2 és a BMP-3 járművek oldalán is acél kötények egészítik ki az alumínium- páncélzatot, míg a jármű többi részén acél-alumínium üreges páncélzat található.

Rácspáncélzat
A könnyebb járművek esetében szükség-megoldást jelent a rács-páncélzat. Ez egy, a harcjárművet rendszerint 3 oldalról körbeölelő keretre szerelt acél lapokat jelent, melyek pont akkora távolságban vannak elhelyezve, hogy ideális esetben az RPG és LAW fegyverek feje azelőtt nekicsapódjon egy lécnek, mielőtt az felrobban. A sérült fejben megváltozó geometriai viszonyok lévén nem alakul ki kumulatív sugár, így a jármű sértetlen marad, ráadásul érzéketlen a megoldás a tandem elrendezésre. Az ilyen páncélok hatásfoka lőszerek típusától függően 30-60%, így nem jelentenek megbízható védelmet, ráadásul rendkívüli mértékben növelik a járművek méretét.

Kompozit kötényezés
Az izraeli mérnökök, majd a szovjet szakemberek hamar felismernék az elavultabb harckocsik védettségének javítására kidolgozott Robbanó-reaktív páncélokban (ERA) rejlő lehetőséget (M60 Sabra), így fokozatosan elkezdték az oldalkötényezéseket is ellátni ERA "téglákkal". A Brit tervezők ettől eltérően acél lemezek közé préselt gumi-származékokban látták a megoldást. E Nem-robbanó-reaktív páncélok (NERA) hatásossága ugyan kisebb, azonban nem semmisülnek meg működés közben, így több (akár 6+) rétegben lehet a járműre szerelni és több egymás utáni találatot is elviselnek ugyan azon a ponton. Az így kapott Burlinghton páncélt a Chieftain harckocsik egy kísérleti példányán tesztelték és mára számos "nyugati" harckocsi megkapta a kötényezésében is őket (Merkava Mk IV, Leopard 2A7+, Type 10). Más harckocsikat korszerű, a HEAT töltetek és a kinetikus lőszerek ellen is hatásos ERA páncéllal láttak el (M1A2 TUSK, T-90, T-14, Challenger 2). A legújabb harckocsikon gyakori, hogy az ERA vagy NERA páncél a legfontosabb részeket védi, míg a kevésbé fontos illetve az ellenség tüzének kevésbé kitett területeket hagyományos kötény (akár tárolók, üzemanyagtartályok oldalfalai!) vagy rácspáncéllal fedik.

Egyes járműveknél (Merkava III) a kötényezés alatt, a futómű és a teknő között egy második réteget is alkalmaznak, az aknavédettség és a kinetikus lövedékekkel szembeni hatékonyság növelése érdekében. Esetenként kerámia rétegeket is alkalmaznak, mivel a kemény felületnek csapódva tovább roncsolódnak a lövedékek (Leopard 1C, Leopard 2EX, illetve a belső réteget puha polimerekel töltik fel, melyek elnyelik az akna-robbanások erőhatásának egy részét.

Galéria

Jegyzetek

Fordítás

Külső hivatkozások
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Harckocsik

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text:
Written by Jim Cavan, Green Alliance
Buffer It!
Improving water quality with nature as a guide
When you think of things designed to help consumers and homeowners reduce their environmental footprint, chances are some of the first to come to mind are of the high-tech variety: solar PV systems, spray-foam insulation, electronic monitoring equipment, and other, costly investments. However, the last two decades have seen a considerable uptick in another eco-conscious application, the rain garden, which demands far less in the way of both maintenance and materials.
What exactly are rain gardens? In a nutshell, they are planted depressions, which help filter harmful elements and contaminants out of water runoff from pavement, roofs, and other man-made surfaces. In so doing, these natural fortifications can significantly curb the number of pollutants reaching aquifers, rivers, and other water sources. Since their first mass application in the early 1990s, rain gardens have been used primarily as a way for commercial and residential areas to replace the natural buffers eliminated during development. And with water-diverting infrastructure such as sidewalks and gutters costing much more than rain gardens, it is no surprise that the efficacy and cost effectiveness of these gardens continues to grow.
Since their modern reintroduction, rain gardens have become an increasingly common and sought-after avenue for property owners looking for ways to responsibly deal with excess rainwater. Not only are rain gardens cheaper than other, more complex storm-management systems; they are also much more low maintenance, requiring little more than an annual weeding and the occasional new planting. More importantly, they serve as a natural filter for the wholly unnatural chemicals and other man-made materials that might otherwise end up back in the water supply—things like pesticides, fertilizers, and volatile organic compounds (VOCs).
Photo Courtesy of the Indianapolis Museum of Art
Unlike with regular gardens, however, one's choice in plants must be aimed more at effectiveness and durability than aesthetics. Because they are often employed to deal with both copious amounts of water as well as extended dry periods, it is suggested that rain gardens reflect as much in their botanical makeup. Luckily, New England is teeming with various species of hardy plants well suited for the task. Still, that does not mean visual appeal must be ignored completely. New England rain gardens could include popular shrubs such as winterberry and summersweet and herbaceous plants such as New England aster, lobelia species, and panic grass.
"The main purposes of the rain garden is to effectively treat and purify the water before it goes back into the aquifer, and to hold off surges of water from storms," Shannon Alther of Portsmouth-based TMS Architects explains. "But the vegetation itself can also add a nice visual element to the site, and can help attract things like birds and butterflies that can add to its look and feel."
You would not think a project seemingly suited for a seasoned landscaper would fall under the purview of an architectural firm like TMS. Lately, however, the company has found itself involved in a number of projects—residential as well as commercial—involving rain gardens. In early 2012, TMS partnered with fellow Portsmouth firm Altus Engineering in lending their design expertise in the construction of a massive rain garden adjacent to Regeneration Park, a newly renovated business campus located in the old Toyota dealership on Route 1 near the Portsmouth-Rye border. In the process, the park was able to reduce the amount of pavement by an astounding 16,000 square feet. What is more, the new rain garden was positioned to allow filtered water to be let back into the sprawling wetlands adjacent to the complex.
In 2009, TMS and Altus Engineering teamed up to craft a common rain garden for three, LEED Gold certified faculty houses at the Phillips Exeter Academy. The resulting banana-shaped depressions, which employ layers of sand and mulch to help filter runoff, are designed to collect water from both the nearby driveways as well as the roofs. Eager as they were to foster projects reflecting their long-held commitment to environmental stewardship, the renowned preparatory school leaders—eager to minimize water discharge to the surrounding town—found in both companies an enthusiasm for green that resembled their own. The results have vindicated that mutual green-leaning perspective. "So far, the rain garden is working as intended, and has been 100 percent effective," notes Mark Leighton, Associate Director of Facilities Management at Phillips Exeter. "We've worked with both TMS and Altus on a number of projects, and once again they were both great to work with and did an outstanding job."
How outstanding? The project, which includes both faculty housing as well as the adjacent rain garden, was honored by the U.S. Green Building Council's New Hampshire Chapter with LEED Gold certification, the program's second highest honor.
Yet despite their many noted successes, rain gardens are not without the occasional detractor. One common criticism is that the space required for proper implementation precludes their use in tighter, more congested urban areas. Not so, says Altus Engineering's Jeff Clifford. "From my perspective I'd rather see some treatment in the form of rain gardens than no treatment at all," says Clifford, whose civil engineering-focused firm has been installing rain gardens for over a decade. "Regardless of the application, I think they're a great best management practice, and it's been shown that they're one of our better tools to use for regulatory compliance."
According to Clifford, as regulations relating to managing storm water have become more strict, the popularity of rain gardens—be it in commercial, residential, or municipal applications—has only grown. "For a long time all people were looking at was the peak rate of runoff, and not necessarily the water pollutants themselves," Clifford explains. "But eventually regulations were developed that kind of forced everyone to focus more on the contaminants and how to mitigate them."
Here on the Seacoast, several organizations, including the New Hampshire Coastal Protection Partnership (NH Coast), have spearheaded tutorial workshops for homeowners interested in going the rain garden route. One such installment, located at Newcastle's Great Island Commons, includes engaging educational signage for curious passersby. "People are definitely starting to look at how to harness runoff water responsibly, be it with rain gardens or with simpler things like rain barrels" says Dave Anderson, Project Coordinator for NH Coast. "There's definitely a growing interest from homeowners in building rain gardens, but they're looking for people capable of designing and installing one the right way."
As Shannon Alther explains, just because the materials used to create rain gardens are simple and accessible to most homeowners does not necessarily mean the task itself should be undertaken with anything less than responsible planning. "For homeowners, it's about finding the right balance between roof or pavement surface area and the size of the garden," Alther explains. "If your garden is a lot smaller than your surface area, the water will end up overwhelming the garden; and if you're garden is too big, it can become cost prohibitive."
Still, Alther and Clifford agree that, with the right planning and materials, these multi-faceted, multi-purpose, green constructs can do wonders for a home or business's yard, to say nothing of the surrounding environment. "The beauty of having a rain garden is that you can conceivably do it yourself," says Alther. "It might involve retrofitting gutters or doing some research, but as long as you maintain certain principles, there's no reason why a home or business can't take that step."


text:
Home Genres Edm Armada celebrates 15 Years with 4 CD Compilation Album 'Armada 15 Years'
Armada celebrates 15 Years with 4 CD Compilation Album 'Armada 15 Years'
Oh, how fast the years have gone by. It seems like only yesterday when Armin van Buuren, Maykel Piron and David Lewis started realizing their joint dream together, braiding their respective knowledge and visions of the music scene into an endeavor that would still be going strong a decade and a half later.
On this very day, world's famous record label, Armada Music can look back on 15 years of quality dance music across the board, and they've decided to celebrate it in style with the release of a brand-new, 4 CD compilation album: 'Armada 15 Years'.
Through 'Armada 15 Years', music lovers from all over the world get to revel in 100 of the Amsterdam-based record label's most iconic and popular releases. Digging into the cultural heritage of electronic music via tracks such as Chicane's 'Offshore', Dash Berlin's 'Here Tonight'and Vincent de Moor's 'Fly Away' while also featuring the tracks that have dominated charts and festivals across the globe in the past few years (e.g. Armin van Buuren's 'This Is What It Feels Like', Lost Frequencies' 'Are You With Me', Major Lazer & Showtek's 'Believer', Thomas Gold's 'Magic', W&W's 'Bigfoot' and the recent hit from Loud Luxury, 'Body'), the album spotlights the evolution of the label and its sound.
Simultaneously, 'Armada 15 Years' shows off the label's trailblazing traits as well as those of its roster, all of which boils down to a piece of dance music history that has already proven both timeless and contemporary.
Armin van Buuren, co-founder Armada Music: "It's been quite some time since we were on Ibiza and the idea of starting our own label popped up. I am so proud to see how far we've come. I am overjoyed with the massive success of the label and I can't wait to see what the next 15 years will bring us."
Maykel Piron, CEO and co-founder Armada Music: "The past fifteen years have shown us what can be accomplished by putting the right people in the right place. We are super proud of everyone working their hardest to ensure the label's success and longevity, and we are very grateful to our artists for taking their chance with us and giving their heart and soul in this amazing partnership we've got going here. Without them, Armada Music would not be where it is today."
David Lewis, co-founder Armada Music: "Good music keeps the mind alive, and I feel that's exactly what Armada Music has been delivering over the past 15 years. The label managed to become the biggest independent dance music label in the world with a powerful and diverse roster of artists and I feel it in my guts that there is still a lot more to accomplish in the years to come. This is what we all envisioned and hoped for from the start, and I am very proud of being a part of it all."
Listen to the album here.
Armada 15 Years
Armada Music
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