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Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 105 in total
Fulltext Temporal aspects of surface water quality variation using robust statistical tools
Mustapha A, Aris AZ, Ramli MF, Juahir H
ScientificWorldJournal, 2012;2012:294540.
PMID: 22919302 DOI: 10.1100/2012/294540
Robust statistical tools were applied on the water quality datasets with the aim of determining the most significance parameters and their contribution towards temporal water quality variation. Surface water samples were collected from four different sampling points during dry and wet seasons and analyzed for their physicochemical constituents. Discriminant analysis (DA) provided better results with great discriminatory ability by using five parameters with (P < 0.05) for dry season affording more than 96% correct assignation and used five and six parameters for forward and backward stepwise in wet season data with P-value (P < 0.05) affording 68.20% and 82%, respectively. Partial correlation results revealed that there are strong (r(p) = 0.829) and moderate (r(p) = 0.614) relationships between five-day biochemical oxygen demand (BOD(5)) and chemical oxygen demand (COD), total solids (TS) and dissolved solids (DS) controlling for the linear effect of nitrogen in the form of ammonia (NH(3)) and conductivity for dry and wet seasons, respectively. Multiple linear regression identified the contribution of each variable with significant values r = 0.988, R(2) = 0.976 and r = 0.970, R(2) = 0.942 (P < 0.05) for dry and wet seasons, respectively. Repeated measure t-test confirmed that the surface water quality varies significantly between the seasons with significant value P < 0.05.
Matched MeSH terms: Discriminant Analysis
Morphological variations of plicofollis species (siluriformes: ariidae) in Peninsular Malaysia: an insight into truss network approach
Siti Waznah Abdurahman, Mohd Azmi Ambak, Shahreza Md Sheriff, Ying GS, Ahmad Azfar Mohamed, Ahmed Jalal Khan Chowdhury
Sains Malaysiana, 2016;45:1-7.
Ariid catfishes, belong to family Ariidae is considered as one of the taxonomically problematic groups, which is still under review by fish taxonomist globally. Species level identification of some ariids often resulted in species misidentification because of their complex characters and very similar morphological characters within genera. A vigilant and detail observation is very important during the species level identification of ariid species. In these contexts, this study was carried out in order to determine the morphological variations of one of the ariid genera, Plicofollis, which have been giving misleading taxonomic information in the south-east Asian countries. A Truss network technique was used throughout the study period. The study was conducted based on 20 truss measurements using 22 to 23 specimens per species, namely P. argyropleuron, P. nella and P. tenuispinis found in Peninsular Malaysian waters. Morphological variations were determined using a multivariate technique of discriminant function analysis (DFA). The results obtained in this study showed that discriminant analysis using truss network measurements has produced very clear separations of all the species in Plicofollis group. Several important morphological characters have been identified, which represent body depth and caudal regions of the fish. The documentary evidences of these variables could be considered as the constructive functional features, which could enable us to assess more accurately to distinguish the species within this complex Ariidae family.
Landmark-based Morphometric and Meristic variations of endangered Mrigal Carp, Cirrhinus Cirrhosus (Bloch 1795), from wild and hatchery stocks
Dhiman Gain, Mahfuj M, Islam S, Minar M, Goutham-Bharathi M, Simon Kumar Das
Sains Malaysiana, 2017;46:695-702.
Wild stocks of endangered mrigal carp, Cirrhinus cirrhosus (Bloch 1795), continues to decline rapidly in the Indo-Ganges river basin. With an objective to evaluate its population status, landmark-based morphometric and meristic variations among three different stocks viz., hatchery (Jessore), baor (Gopalganj) and river (Faridpur) in Bangladesh were studied. Significant differences were observed in 10 of the 15 morphometric measurements viz., head length, standard length, fork length, length of base of spinous, pre-orbital length, eye length, post-orbital length, length of upper jaw, height of pelvic fin and barbel length, two of the 8 meristic counts viz., scales above the lateral line and pectoral fin rays and 10 of the 22 truss network measurements viz., 1 to 10, 2 to 3, 2 to 8, 2 to 9, 2 to 10, 3 to 4, 3 to 8, 4 to 5, 4 to 7 and 9 to 10 among the stocks. For morphometric and landmark measurements, the 1st discriminant function (DF) accounted for 58.1% and the 2nd DF accounted for 41.9% of the among-group variability. In discriminant space, the river stock was isolated from the other two stocks. On the other hand, baor and hatchery stocks formed a very compact cluster. A dendrogram based on the hierarchical cluster analysis using morphometric and truss distance data placed the hatchery and baor in one cluster and the river in another cluster and the distance between the river and hatchery populations was the highest. Morphological differences among stocks are expected, because of their geographical isolation and their origin from different ancestors. The baseline information derived from the present study would be useful for genetic studies and in the assessment of environmental impacts on C. cirrhosus populations in Bangladesh.
Taxonomic diversity of paradise threadfin polynemus paradiseus (Linnaeus, 1758) inhabiting southern coastal rivers in Bangladesh
Muhammad Abu Bakar Siddik, Md. Reaz Chaklader, Ashfaqun Nahar
Sains Malaysiana, 2015;44:1241-1248.
The study was aimed to determine the variation in taxonomic diversity of Polynemus paradiseus based on morphometric and meristic analyses of samples collected from three coastal rivers of Bangladesh (Payra, Tentulia and Kirtonkhola). A total of 105 individuals ranging at 10-20 cm in total length (TL) and 7.91-60.64 g in body weight (BW) were sampled using Been nets and Kachal and Veshal nets. Significant differences were observed in 24 out of 25 morphometric measurements and 6 out of 10 meristic counts among the populations. In morphometric measurements, the first discriminant function (DF1) was accounted for 78.6% and the second discriminant function (DF2) was accounted for 21.4% of among groups variability, explaining 100% of total among group variability. A dendrogram based on morphometric data showed that the Tentulia and Kirtankhola populations showed high degree of overlapping and these two populations were highly different from Payra river population. The canonical graph also showed that the populations of Tentulia and Kirtankhola rivers were more closely related comparing with Payra river population for isometric condition. These findings may provide useful information for the conservation and sustainable management of this important fish.
Fulltext Fischer Linear Discrimination and Quadratic Discrimination Analysis-Based Data Mining Technique for Internet of Things Framework for Healthcare
Hasan MK, Ghazal TM, Alkhalifah A, Abu Bakar KA, Omidvar A, Nafi NS, et al.
Front Public Health, 2021;9:737149.
PMID: 34712639 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.737149
The internet of reality or augmented reality has been considered a breakthrough and an outstanding critical mutation with an emphasis on data mining leading to dismantling of some of its assumptions among several of its stakeholders. In this work, we study the pillars of these technologies connected to web usage as the Internet of things (IoT) system's healthcare infrastructure. We used several data mining techniques to evaluate the online advertisement data set, which can be categorized as high dimensional with 1,553 attributes, and the imbalanced data set, which automatically simulates an IoT discrimination problem. The proposed methodology applies Fischer linear discrimination analysis (FLDA) and quadratic discrimination analysis (QDA) within random projection (RP) filters to compare our runtime and accuracy with support vector machine (SVM), K-nearest neighbor (KNN), and Multilayer perceptron (MLP) in IoT-based systems. Finally, the impact on number of projections was practically experimented, and the sensitivity of both FLDA and QDA with regard to precision and runtime was found to be challenging. The modeling results show not only improved accuracy, but also runtime improvements. When compared with SVM, KNN, and MLP in QDA and FLDA, runtime shortens by 20 times in our chosen data set simulated for a healthcare framework. The RP filtering in the preprocessing stage of the attribute selection, fulfilling the model's runtime, is a standpoint in the IoT industry. Index Terms: Data Mining, Random Projection, Fischer Linear Discriminant Analysis, Online Advertisement Dataset, Quadratic Discriminant Analysis, Feature Selection, Internet of Things.
Discriminant analysis for the prediction of sand mass distribution in an urban stormwater holding pond using simulated depth average flow velocity data
Dominic JA, Aris AZ, Sulaiman WN, Tahir WZ
Environ Monit Assess, 2016 Mar;188(3):191.
PMID: 26914327 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-016-5192-8
The approach of this paper is to predict the sand mass distribution in an urban stormwater holding pond at the Stormwater Management And Road Tunnel (SMART) Control Centre, Malaysia, using simulated depth average floodwater velocity diverted into the holding during storm events. Discriminant analysis (DA) was applied to derive the classification function to spatially distinguish areas of relatively high and low sand mass compositions based on the simulated water velocity variations at corresponding locations of gravimetrically measured sand mass composition of surface sediment samples. Three inflow parameter values, 16, 40 and 80 m(3) s(-1), representing diverted floodwater discharge for three storm event conditions were fixed as input parameters of the hydrodynamic model. The sand (grain size > 0.063 mm) mass composition of the surface sediment measured at 29 sampling locations ranges from 3.7 to 45.5%. The sampling locations of the surface sediment were spatially clustered into two groups based on the sand mass composition. The sand mass composition of group 1 is relatively lower (3.69 to 12.20%) compared to group 2 (16.90 to 45.55%). Two Fisher's linear discriminant functions, F 1 and F 2, were generated to predict areas; both consist of relatively higher and lower sand mass compositions based on the relationship between the simulated flow velocity and the measured surface sand composition at corresponding sampling locations. F 1 = -9.405 + 4232.119 × A - 1795.805 × B + 281.224 × C, and F 2 = -2.842 + 2725.137 × A - 1307.688 × B + 231.353 × C. A, B and C represent the simulated flow velocity generated by inflow parameter values of 16, 40 and 80 m(3) s(-1), respectively. The model correctly predicts 88.9 and 100.0% of sampling locations consisting of relatively high and low sand mass percentages, respectively, with the cross-validated classification showing that, overall, 82.8% are correctly classified. The model predicts that 31.4% of the model domain areas consist of high-sand mass composition areas and the remaining 68.6% comprise low-sand mass composition areas.
Matched MeSH terms: Discriminant Analysis*
Fulltext Assessment of physical properties of ripe banana flour prepared from two varieties: Cavendish and Dream banana
Abbas, F.M.A., Saifullah, R., Azhar, M.E.
International Food Research Journal, 2009;16(2):183-189.
Physical properties of ripe banana flour were studied in Cavendish and Dream banana, in order to distinguish the two varieties. Flour was analyzed for pH, total soluble solids (TSS), water holding capacity
(WHC) and oil holding capacity (OHC) at 40, 60 and 80 °C, color values L*, a* and b*, back extrusion force
and viscosity. Physical properties data were analyzed by cluster analysis (CA) and discriminant analysis (DA). CA showed that the two types of flour were different in terms of selected physical properties. DA indicated that WHC at 60 °C was the main contributor in discriminating the two types of flour.
Fulltext Classification of car paint primers using Pyrolysis-Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (Py-GC-MS) and chemometric techniques
Raja Zubaidah Raja Sabaradin, Norashikin Saim, Rozita Osman, Hafizan Juahir
Pertanika Journal of Science & Technology, 2017;25(107):53-66.
Pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (Py-GC-MS) has been recognised as an effective technique to analyse car paint. This study was conducted to assess the combination of Py-GC-MS and chemometric techniques to classify car paint primer, the inner layer of car paint system. Fifty car paint primer samples from various manufacturers were analysed using Py-GC-MS, and data set of identified pyrolysis products was subjected to principal component analysis (PCA) and discriminant analysis (DA). The PCA rendered 16 principal components with 86.33% of the total variance. The DA was useful to classify the car paint primer samples according to their types (1k and 2k primer) with 100% correct classification in the test set for all three modes (standard, stepwise forward and stepwise backward). Three compounds, indolizine, 1,3-benzenedicarbonitrile and p-terphenyl, were the most significant compounds in discriminating the car paint primer samples.
Fulltext Complex Chemical Data Classification and Discrimination Using Locality Preserving Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis
Aminu M, Ahmad NA
ACS Omega, 2020 Oct 20;5(41):26601-26610.
PMID: 33110988 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c03362
Partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) is a well-known technique for feature extraction and discriminant analysis in chemometrics. Despite its popularity, it has been observed that PLS-DA does not automatically lead to extraction of relevant features. Feature learning and extraction depends on how well the discriminant subspace is captured. In this paper, discriminant subspace learning of chemical data is discussed from the perspective of PLS-DA and a recent extension of PLS-DA, which is known as the locality preserving partial least squares discriminant analysis (LPPLS-DA). The objective is twofold: (a) to introduce the LPPLS-DA algorithm to the chemometrics community and (b) to demonstrate the superior discrimination capabilities of LPPLS-DA and how it can be a powerful alternative to PLS-DA. Four chemical data sets are used: three spectroscopic data sets and one that contains compositional data. Comparative performances are measured based on discrimination and classification of these data sets. To compare the classification performances, the data samples are projected onto the PLS-DA and LPPLS-DA subspaces, and classification of the projected samples into one of the different groups (classes) is done using the nearest-neighbor classifier. We also compare the two techniques in data visualization (discrimination) task. The ability of LPPLS-DA to group samples from the same class while at the same time maximizing the between-class separation is clearly shown in our results. In comparison with PLS-DA, separation of data in the projected LPPLS-DA subspace is more well defined.
Fulltext Morphometric Analysis and Genetic Relationship of Rasbora spp. in Sarawak, Malaysia
Aminan AW, Kit LLW, Hui CH, Sulaiman B
Trop Life Sci Res, 2020 Jul;31(2):33-49.
PMID: 32922668 DOI: 10.21315/tlsr2020.31.2.3
The genus Rasbora is one of the most species-rich genus among the freshwater fishes and cryptic diversity has been a major hindrance in species identification in the past four decades due to their high similarities in terms of morphology. This study aimed to investigate this issue both morphologically and molecularly. In this study, a total of 23 morphometric parameters were used to differentiate the 103 Rasbora fish samples harvested from different regions of Sarawak state of Malaysia via Multivariate Stepwise Discriminant Function Analysis (SDFA). Then, cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) gene was utilised to further distinguish 33 of these fishes, followed by sequence and phylogenetic analysis. Our results unravelled pre-anal length as strongest morphometric discriminant (100%) and that all eight Rasbora species tested are monophyletic except for R. sumatrana and R. caudimaculata, revealing possible cryptic Rasbora species. Further investigations are vital to enrich the data from this study for Rasbora cryptic diversity and conservation studies in future.
Statistical validation for the profiling of heroin by associating simulated postcut samples with the corresponding precut sample
Chan KW, Tan GH, Wong RC
J Forensic Sci, 2013 Jan;58 Suppl 1:S199-207.
PMID: 23013257 DOI: 10.1111/j.1556-4029.2012.02285.x
Statistical validation is crucial for the clustering of unknown samples. This study aims to demonstrate how statistical techniques can be optimized using simulated heroin samples containing a range of analyte concentrations that are similar to those of the case samples. Eight simulated heroin distribution links consisting of 64 postcut samples were prepared by mixing one of two mixtures of paracetamol-caffeine-dextromethorphan at different proportions with eight precut samples. Analyte contents and compositional variation of the prepared samples were investigated. A number of data pretreatments were evaluated by associating the postcut samples with the corresponding precut samples using principal component analysis and discriminant analysis. Subsequently, combinations of seven linkage methods and five distance measures were explored using hierarchical cluster analysis. In this study, Ward-Manhattan showed better distinctions between unrelated links and was able to cluster all related samples in very close distance under the known links on a dendogram. A similar discriminative outcome was also achieved by 90 unknown case samples when clustered via Ward-Manhattan.
Authentication analysis of red fruit (Pandanus Conoideus Lam) oil using FTIR spectroscopy in combination with chemometrics
Rohman A, Man YB, Riyanto S
Phytochem Anal, 2011 Sep-Oct;22(5):462-7.
PMID: 22033916 DOI: 10.1002/pca.1304
Red fruit (Pandanus conoideus Lam) is endemic plant of Papua, Indonesia and Papua New Guinea. The price of its oil (red fruit oil, RFO) is 10-15 times higher than that of common vegetable oils; consequently, RFO is subjected to adulteration with lower price oils. Among common vegetable oils, canola oil (CaO) and rice bran oil (RBO) have similar fatty acid profiles to RFO as indicated by the score plot of principal component analysis; therefore, CaO and RBO are potential adulterants in RFO.
Analysis of geometric moments as features for firearm identification
Md Ghani NA, Liong CY, Jemain AA
Forensic Sci Int, 2010 May 20;198(1-3):143-9.
PMID: 20211535 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2010.02.011
The task of identifying firearms from forensic ballistics specimens is exacting in crime investigation since the last two decades. Every firearm, regardless of its size, make and model, has its own unique 'fingerprint'. These fingerprints transfer when a firearm is fired to the fired bullet and cartridge case. The components that are involved in producing these unique characteristics are the firing chamber, breech face, firing pin, ejector, extractor and the rifling of the barrel. These unique characteristics are the critical features in identifying firearms. It allows investigators to decide on which particular firearm that has fired the bullet. Traditionally the comparison of ballistic evidence has been a tedious and time-consuming process requiring highly skilled examiners. Therefore, the main objective of this study is the extraction and identification of suitable features from firing pin impression of cartridge case images for firearm recognition. Some previous studies have shown that firing pin impression of cartridge case is one of the most important characteristics used for identifying an individual firearm. In this study, data are gathered using 747 cartridge case images captured from five different pistols of type 9mm Parabellum Vektor SP1, made in South Africa. All the images of the cartridge cases are then segmented into three regions, forming three different set of images, i.e. firing pin impression image, centre of firing pin impression image and ring of firing pin impression image. Then geometric moments up to the sixth order were generated from each part of the images to form a set of numerical features. These 48 features were found to be significantly different using the MANOVA test. This high dimension of features is then reduced into only 11 significant features using correlation analysis. Classification results using cross-validation under discriminant analysis show that 96.7% of the images were classified correctly. These results demonstrate the value of geometric moments technique for producing a set of numerical features, based on which the identification of firearms are made.
Fulltext Vocalisation Repertoire of Female Bluefin Gurnard (Chelidonichthys kumu) in Captivity: Sound Structure, Context and Vocal Activity
Radford CA, Ghazali SM, Montgomery JC, Jeffs AG
PLoS One, 2016;11(2):e0149338.
PMID: 26890124 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0149338
Fish vocalisation is often a major component of underwater soundscapes. Therefore, interpretation of these soundscapes requires an understanding of the vocalisation characteristics of common soniferous fish species. This study of captive female bluefin gurnard, Chelidonichthys kumu, aims to formally characterise their vocalisation sounds and daily pattern of sound production. Four types of sound were produced and characterised, twice as many as previously reported in this species. These sounds fit two aural categories; grunt and growl, the mean peak frequencies for which ranged between 129 to 215 Hz. This species vocalized throughout the 24 hour period at an average rate of (18.5 ± 2.0 sounds fish-1 h-1) with an increase in vocalization rate at dawn and dusk. Competitive feeding did not elevate vocalisation as has been found in other gurnard species. Bluefin gurnard are common in coastal waters of New Zealand, Australia and Japan and, given their vocalization rate, are likely to be significant contributors to ambient underwater soundscape in these areas.
Fulltext Fully-automated identification of fish species based on otolith contour: using short-time Fourier transform and discriminant analysis (STFT-DA)
Salimi N, Loh KH, Kaur Dhillon S, Chong VC
PeerJ, 2016;4:e1664.
PMID: 26925315 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.1664
Background. Fish species may be identified based on their unique otolith shape or contour. Several pattern recognition methods have been proposed to classify fish species through morphological features of the otolith contours. However, there has been no fully-automated species identification model with the accuracy higher than 80%. The purpose of the current study is to develop a fully-automated model, based on the otolith contours, to identify the fish species with the high classification accuracy. Methods. Images of the right sagittal otoliths of 14 fish species from three families namely Sciaenidae, Ariidae, and Engraulidae were used to develop the proposed identification model. Short-time Fourier transform (STFT) was used, for the first time in the area of otolith shape analysis, to extract important features of the otolith contours. Discriminant Analysis (DA), as a classification technique, was used to train and test the model based on the extracted features. Results. Performance of the model was demonstrated using species from three families separately, as well as all species combined. Overall classification accuracy of the model was greater than 90% for all cases. In addition, effects of STFT variables on the performance of the identification model were explored in this study. Conclusions. Short-time Fourier transform could determine important features of the otolith outlines. The fully-automated model proposed in this study (STFT-DA) could predict species of an unknown specimen with acceptable identification accuracy. The model codes can be accessed at http://mybiodiversityontologies.um.edu.my/Otolith/ and https://peerj.com/preprints/1517/. The current model has flexibility to be used for more species and families in future studies.
Three pollination guilds and variation in floral characteristics of Bornean gingers (Zingiberaceae and Costaceae)
Sakai S, Kato M, Inoue T
Am J Bot, 1999 May;86(5):646-58.
The pollinators of 29 ginger species representing 11 genera in relation to certain floral morphological characteristics in a mixed-dipterocarp forest in Borneo were investigated. Among the 29 species studied, eight were pollinated by spiderhunters (Nectariniidae), 11 by medium-sized Amegilla bees (Anthophoridae), and ten by small halictid bees. These pollination guilds found in gingers in Sarawak are comparable to the pollination guilds of neotropical Zingiberales, i.e., hummingbird-, and euglossine-bee-pollinated guilds. Canonical discriminant analysis revealed that there were significant correlations between floral morphology and pollination guilds and suggests the importance of plant-pollinator interactions in the evolution of floral morphology. Most species in the three guilds were separated on the plot by the first and second canonical variables. Spiderhunter-pollinated flowers had longer floral tubes, while Amegilla-pollinated flowers had wider lips than the others, which function as a platform for the pollinators. Pistils and stamens of halictid-pollinated flowers were smaller than the others. The fact that gingers with diverse morphologies in a forest with high species diversity were grouped into only three pollination guilds and that the pollinators themselves showed low species diversity suggests that many species of rare understory plants have evolved without segregating pollinators in each pollination guild.
Fulltext Application of partial least squares discriminant analysis for discrimination of palm oils
Mas Ezatul Nadia Mohd Ruah, Nor Fazila Rasaruddin, Fong, Sim Siong, Mohd Zuli Jaafar
Scientific Research Journal, 2014;11(1):0-0.
This paper outlines the application of chemometrics and pattern recognition tools to classify palm oil using Fourier Transform Mid Infrared spectroscopy (FT-MIR). FT-MIR spectroscopy is used as an effective analytical tool in order to categorise the oil into the category of unused palm oil and used palm oil for frying. The samples used in this study consist of 28 types of pure palm oil, and 28 types of frying palm oils. FT-MIR spectral was obtained in absorbance mode at the spectral range from 650 cm -1 to 4000 cm -1 using FT-MIR-ATR sample handling. The aim of this work is to develop fast method in discriminating the palm oils by implementing Partial Least Square Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA), Learning Vector Quantisation (LVQ) and Support Vector Machine (SVM). Raw FT-MIR spectra were subjected to Savitzky-Golay smoothing and standardized before developing the classification models. The classification model was validated through finding the value of percentage correctly classified by test set for every model in order to show which classifier provided the best classification. In order to improve the performance of the classification model, variable selection method known as t-statistic method was applied. The significant variable in developing classification model was selected through this method. The result revealed that PLSDA classifier of the standardized data with application of t-statistic showed the best performance with highest percentage correctly classified among the classifiers.
Fulltext Chromatographic fingerprint and Chemometric approach for quality control of Tongkat Ali (Eurycoma Longifolia)
Nor Nasriah Zaini, Mardiana Saaid, Hafizan Juahir, Rozita Osman
Pertanika Journal of Science & Technology, 2017;25(103):345-354.
Tongkat Ali (Eurycoma longifolia) is one of the most popular tropical herbal plants as it is believed to enhance virility and sexual prowess. This study looked examined chromatographic fingerprint of Tongkat Ali roots and its products generated using online solid phase-extraction liquid chromatography (SPE-LC) combined with chemometric approaches. The aim was to determine its quality. Pressurised liquid extraction (PLE) technique was used prior to online SPE-LC using polystyrene divinyl benzene (PSDVB) and C18 columns. Seventeen Tongkat Ali roots and 10 products (capsules) were analysed. Chromatographic dataset was subjected to chemometric techniques, namely cluster analysis (CA), discriminant analysis (DA) and principal component analysis (PCA) using 37 selected peaks. The samples were grouped into three clusters based on their quality. The PCA resulted in 11 latent factors describing 90.8% of the whole variance. Pattern matching analysis showed no significant difference (p>0.05) between the roots and products within the same CA grouping. The findings showed the combination of chromatographic fingerprint and chemometric techniques provided comprehensive evaluation for efficient quality control of Tongkat Ali formulation.
Partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) for classification of high-dimensional (HD) data: a review of contemporary practice strategies and knowledge gaps
Lee LC, Liong CY, Jemain AA
Analyst, 2018 Jul 23;143(15):3526-3539.
PMID: 29947623 DOI: 10.1039/c8an00599k
Partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) is a versatile algorithm that can be used for predictive and descriptive modelling as well as for discriminative variable selection. However, versatility is both a blessing and a curse and the user needs to optimize a wealth of parameters before reaching reliable and valid outcomes. Over the past two decades, PLS-DA has demonstrated great success in modelling high-dimensional datasets for diverse purposes, e.g. product authentication in food analysis, diseases classification in medical diagnosis, and evidence analysis in forensic science. Despite that, in practice, many users have yet to grasp the essence of constructing a valid and reliable PLS-DA model. As the technology progresses, across every discipline, datasets are evolving into a more complex form, i.e. multi-class, imbalanced and colossal. Indeed, the community is welcoming a new era called big data. In this context, the aim of the article is two-fold: (a) to review, outline and describe the contemporary PLS-DA modelling practice strategies, and (b) to critically discuss the respective knowledge gaps that have emerged in response to the present big data era. This work could complement other available reviews or tutorials on PLS-DA, to provide a timely and user-friendly guide to researchers, especially those working in applied research.
Fulltext Metabolite profiles of callus and cell suspension cultures of mangosteen
Jamil SZMR, Rohani ER, Baharum SN, Noor NM
3 Biotech, 2018 Aug;8(8):322.
Callus was induced from mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.) young purple-red leaves on Murashige and Skoog basal medium with various combinations of plant growth regulators. Murashige and Skoog medium with 4.44 µM 6-benzylaminopurine and 4.52 µM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid was the best for friable callus induction. This friable callus was used for the initiation of cell suspension culture. The effects of different combinations of 6-benzylaminopurine and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, carbon sources and inoculum sizes were tested. It was found that combination of 2.22 µM 6-benzylaminopurine + 2.26 µM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, glucose (30 g/l) and 1.5 g/50 ml inoculum size was the best for cell growth. Callus and cell suspension cultures were then treated either with 100 µM methyl jasmonate as an elicitor for 5 days, or 0.5 g/l casein hydrolysate as an organic supplement for 7 days. Metabolites were then extracted and profiled using liquid chromatography-time of flight mass spectrometry. Multivariate discriminant analyses revealed significant metabolite differences (P ≤ 0.05) for callus and suspension cells treated either with methyl jasmonate or casein hydrolysate. Based on MS/MS data, methyl jasmonate stimulated the production of an alkaloid (thalsimine) and fatty acid (phosphatidyl ethanolamine) in suspension cells while in callus, an alkaloid (thiacremonone) and glucosinolate (7-methylthioheptanaldoxime) was produced. Meanwhile casein hydrolysate stimulated the production of alkaloids such as 3ß,6ß-dihydroxynortropane and cis-hinokiresinol and triterpenoids such as schidigerasaponin and talinumoside in suspension cells. This study provides evidence on the potential of secondary metabolite production from in vitro culture of mangosteen.
discriminant analysis
principal component analysis
least-squares analysis
sex determination by skeleton


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Botox May Ease Enlarged Prostate Symptoms
Another study links high testosterone levels to increased prostate cancer risk
By Serena Gordon
WEDNESDAY, May 12, 2004 (HealthDayNews) -- Botox, which has already proven its worth banishing wrinkles and battling migraines, is now emerging as a possible treatment for prostate problems.
Researchers from the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center say Botox may help alleviate symptoms of an enlarged prostate -- a condition called benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). They presented their findings May 11 at the American Urological Association meeting in San Francisco.
At another presentation at the same meeting, researchers reported that higher levels of so-called "free" testosterone were associated with an increased risk of prostate cancer.
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The University of Pittsburgh scientists injected Botox into the prostates of 11 men between the ages of 50 and 82. All had an enlarged prostate, which causes symptoms such as frequent urination, an inability to completely empty the bladder and urinary tract infections.
The men had all tried alpha-blocker treatments, and had not responded to the therapy.
Within three to seven days of the injections, the men's average score on a prostate symptom scale had decreased by 62 percent, and a quality-of-life scale score increased by 57 percent.
"We have completed a number of studies that have shown Botox injections are a safe and effective treatment for conditions of the lower urinary tract," Dr. Michael Chancellor, a professor of urology and gynecology, said in a statement. "In this study, we have shown the same may be true for using Botox injections for enlarged prostate."
In the testosterone study, researchers found higher levels were associated with an increased risk of prostate cancer.
One of the study authors, Dr. J. Kellogg Parsons, said the researchers wanted to see if higher levels of testosterone were linked to a higher incidence of prostate cancer because testosterone-replacement therapy is becoming more widespread.
"In this cohort of aging men, we did see a significant association between the serum testosterone index and prostate cancer," said Parsons, an instructor of urology at Johns Hopkins School of Medicine.
He said that men whose testosterone levels placed them in the upper 75th percentile had an 88 percent higher risk of prostate cancer than men in the 25th percentile. Men in the lowest 25th percentile, he added, had levels of free testosterone considered clinically low.
Each year, more than 230,000 men are diagnosed with prostate cancer, according to the American Cancer Society (ACS). Over a lifetime, prostate cancer strikes one of every six men, according to the ACS. Almost 30,000 American men die annually from the disease.
In its early stages, prostate cancer often has no symptoms. As it advances, it can cause impotence, blood in the urine and pelvic or hip pain.
For the testosterone study, Parsons and his colleagues tested blood samples from 794 middle-aged and older men, including 114 who had prostate cancer. The samples had been collected over a 40-year period as part of another study. The average age of diagnosis for the men with prostate cancer was 75.
Overall levels of testosterone weren't associated with an increased risk of cancer, said Parsons, but high levels of "free" testosterone were. Free testosterone, Parsons explained, is different from other forms of testosterone because it isn't bound to any proteins and can be taken up into the body's tissues, including prostate cells.
Parsons said it's important to note that this research doesn't mean testosterone causes prostate cancer.
"Our study raises the question whether increasing testosterone levels may potentially increase the risk of prostate cancer," Parsons explained.
Dr. Simon Hall, chairman of the department of urology at Mount Sinai Medical Center in New York City, said he doesn't think this study will change the way men with low testosterone levels are treated. He said for every study that shows a potential increase in risk, there seems to be another that doesn't find an increase. More important, larger studies haven't found a correlation between testosterone levels and prostate cancer, he said.
"I don't think this should alter how someone makes a decision" on testosterone therapy, said Hall. If you have low levels of testosterone, you "should be treated and monitored just the same. You should have a PSA test and a rectal exam before starting therapy, and if any abnormalities show up after starting therapy you should be reevaluated and you may have to stop hormone treatment."
To learn more about prostate cancer, visit the National Cancer Institute or the American Cancer Society.
SOURCES: J. Kellogg Parsons, M.D., instructor, urology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore; Simon Hall, M.D., chairman, department of urology, Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York City; May 9 and May 11, 2004, presentations, American Urological Association annual meeting, San Francisco

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Wei Zexi (; 1994 – April 12, 2016) was a 21-year old Chinese college student from Shaanxi who died after receiving DC-CIK, an experimental treatment for synovial sarcoma at the Second Hospital of the Beijing Armed Police Corps, which he learned of from a promoted result on the Chinese search engine Baidu.

Wei's death led to an investigation by the Cyberspace Administration of China, prompting Chinese regulators to impose new restrictions on Baidu advertisements. State media outlets broadly condemned the role of the hospital and Baidu in his death, and users online denounced Baidu's advertising practices. Baidu shares fell almost 14 percent in the days following reports of his death.

Treatment and death
In 2014, Wei was diagnosed with synovial sarcoma, a rare form of cancer that affects tissue around major joints. After he received radiation and chemotherapy, his family sought out other treatments. Through a promoted result on the Chinese search engine Baidu, Wei discovered the Second Hospital of the Beijing Armed Police Corps, a state military-run hospital which provided an immunotherapy treatment called DC-CIK, for those with his illness. State radio operations claimed Wei's family trusted the treatment because it had been "promoted by one of the military hospitals which are considered credible, and the attending doctor had appeared on many mainstream media platforms". Wei went through four treatments at the hospital, spending upwards of 200,000 yuan ($ USD) with his family, but the treatments proved unsuccessful, and Wei died on April 12, 2016. Before his death, Wei accused Baidu of promoting false medical information, and he denounced the hospital for claiming high success rates for the treatment.

Government investigation and public response
Following Wei's death, several Internet users expressed disdain for Baidu's advertising practices. Wei posted an essay responding to the question "What do you think is the greatest evil of human nature?" on the Chinese question-and-answer website Zhihu which described his experience receiving treatment. The essay, which condemned Baidu's advertising practices, received 44,000 "agrees" and thousands of comments. On May 2, 2016, the Cyberspace Administration of China announced it would investigate Baidu's role in Wei's death, noting his death "drew widespread attention from Internet users". A Baidu spokeswoman said the company would cooperate with investigations, asserting that Baidu "will give no quarter to fake information or illegal activities online". Some Internet users critical of Baidu began referring to it as  (), or "100 poisons."

Unlike other search engines such as Google and Yahoo!, promoted search results on Baidu are not clearly distinguished from other content. The investigation concluded that Baidu's pay-for-placement results influenced Wei's medical choices, and influenced the fairness and objectivity of search results. Regulators ordered Baidu to attach "eye-catching markers" and disclaimers to adverts, reduce the amount of promoted results to 30% of the page, and establish better channels for users to complain about their services. Baidu released a statement accepting the results of the investigation, and announced it would implement the recommendations promptly. Baidu also plans to create a one billion yuan ($ USD) fund to compensate users who suffer demonstrable economic harm from paid results. A separate investigation also found the hospital where Wei received treatment had been illegally working with private healthcare businesses.

Baidu shares fell nearly 14 percent following reports of Wei's death in early May 2016. Chinese state media outlet Xinhua and the People's Daily condemned Baidu for Wei's death, the former stating that "making money by allowing companies to pay for better search placement is to put a good tool in the hands of interest-seekers with bad intentions". One later editorial in the People's Daily called Wei's death a "classic" example of the unrealistic "Chinese-style" search for an impossible cure. Around 250,000 people commented on the piece; several denounced the piece for casting the incident as a failure of the family rather than one of Baidu and the hospital. Wei's death also brought attention towards medical entrepreneurs connected with the Putian system, a group of hospitals named after their origin, Putian in Fujian Province. Putian hospitals relied extensively on online advertisements, and Chinese media outlets criticized these promotions' accuracy. Some Chinese media outlets suggested the Putian system was linked with the hospital, but a nurse working at the hospital told the Xi'an newspaper Huashang Bao the hospital was self-managed.

References

2016 in China
Baidu
Medical scandals in China
Deaths from synovial sarcoma

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


It is becoming more and more recognised and understood that stress causes and worsens illnesses (physical and mental). The body responds to what the mind tells it to do. In an evening with Daniella, you will learn why we react to stressors the way we do, understand the stress response, and how you can retrain your body and brain to respond instead with a "relaxation" response. Daniella will explain to you the benefits of meditation, and how this can become part of a healthier lifestyle and mindset; starting to change the increase in illness and disease (both physical and psychological) evident within our society today.
Learn how to create an environment that facilitates the minimization of unnecessary stress and worries, and supports a healthy lifestyle of meditation, exercise and nutrition.


So you're creating a new website or building a mobile app. Now, before we get started with anything, before you write a line of code, pay a subscription for an online website builder, or hire a designer, ask yourself: what do I want to accomplish? Once you've answered that, we'll help figure out the fun part—how to make it happen.
Lesson 4. What's the Point in All This?
Lesson 6. CMS or Bust?


text:
David Arquette takes blame for Courteney Cox's short bangs in 'Scream 3'
The actor is taking the blame for Cox's super-short bangs.
David Arquette says he's to blame for ex Courteney Cox's short bangs in the movie "Scream 3."WireImage
Feb. 20, 2019, 8:14 PM UTC / Source: TODAY
By Chrissy Callahan
Courteney Cox has a gorgeous head of hair, but even she isn't immune to a bad haircut. Case in point? That time the actress sported scary-short bangs in the 2000 horror classic "Scream 3."
Nineteen years later, we finally know who's to blame for what might just be Cox's most-hated haircut: her ex-husband, David Arquette.
In "Scream 3," Cox sported choppy baby bangs.Alamy Stock Photo
After stumbling across the Instagram meme, "If you ever feel like s**t, just remember Courteney Cox's hair in Scream 3," the actor fessed up that he suggested the memorable (not in a good way) style.
"I have to take the fall for this. I suggested a Bettie Page look. It just didn't work. I take full responsibility," the actor commented.
As fans will remember, the friendly former couple initially met on the set of the first "Scream" movie in 1996 and married in 1999 before divorcing in 2013.
Ellen surprises Courteney Cox with visit from fellow 'Friend' Lisa Kudrow
Jan. 30, 201900:59
Instagram account @commentsbycelebs spotted the cheeky comment and captioned the post, "It happens, @davidarquette."
Those super-short bangs weren't Cox's only experience with a haircut gone wrong. While playing Monica on "Friends," her character famously got a botched haircut from Phoebe (Lisa Kudrow). Instead of the sexy Demi Moore-inspired cut she requested, Cox's character got a choppy mess of a cut that resembled Dudley Moore instead.
In the "Friends" episode titled "The One with Ross' New Girlfriend," Cox's character was on the receiving end of a botched haircut. Getty Images
Luckily, in real life, the 54-year-old has had plenty of enviable mane moments to make up for her on-screen characters' hair faux pas.
Want to take a walk down memory lane? Check out some of Cox's most memorable styles!
'80s gal
Although it didn't last long, Cox's stint on the '80s show "Misfits of Science" — and, more importantly, her hair — left a lasting impression.
'90s babe
It was the era of "Friends," and Cox and her crew looked oh so '90s.
Cox is loyal to her brunette locks, but on the rare occasion, she has switched things up a bit.
Lovely lob
FilmMagic
In recent years, the actress has sported long locks, but she's also flirted with a lob (long bob) now and then.
Cox's relaxed vibe often matches her fuss-free locks.
Straight and sleek
Few celebrities rock a sleek, straight style better than Cox.
See Courteney Cox, Mariska Hargitay in early 'Seinfeld' roles
Chrissy Callahan


text:
Student Information System enrolment statistics, fall/winter sessions 1975-76 and degrees granted 1968-1975
Brief from the University of Calgary to the Committee of Inquiry Into Non-Canadian Influence - part I: factual information; part II: state of the University
A calendar of letters and documents in the collection of The Arctic Institute of North America
The University of Calgary research inventory - 1974 funded research projects
Festival of Polish Culture - the book of lectures
Manitoba Milestones
Bamfield Marine Station report No. 1 - Bamfield survey: introduction, the Bamfield community, history of Barkley Sound
Accessibility and u: a resource guide for students with disabilities
25th annual CHACMOOL Conference: the archaeology of contact, process and consequences - programme and abstracts, November 12-15-1992
History of the County of Yarmouth
Règlements, usages et discipline du Diocese de Prince-Albert : promulguês en l'annêe 1916
The Valley Comes of Age
An Historical Account of the Settlements of Scotch Highlanders in America prior to the peace of 1783 : Together with notices of Highland regiments and biographical sketches
Story of the Springhill disaster
Les Rochelais a Terre-Neuve, 1500-1789
The frontier missionary : a memoir of the life of Rev. Jacob Bailey
Memoirs of Rt. Rev Edmund Burke
Pioneer Sketches of Long Point Settlement, or, Norfolk's foundation builders and their family genealogies
The Centennial of the Settlement of Upper Canada by the United Empire Loyalists, 1784-1884
Nothing but Names
The confederation of the British North American provinces : their past and future prospects
Cariboo : the newly discovered gold fields of British Columbia
The New El Dorado, or, British Columbia
The Northwest Coast, or, Three years' residence in Washington Territory
The great gold fields of Cariboo : with an authentic description, brought down to the latest period of British Columbia and Vancouver Island.
Memoirs of the Life and Work of Philip Carpenter
History of the Presbyterian Church in the Dominion of Canada
Churchyard literature : a choice collection of American epitaphs : with remarks on monumental inscriptions and the obsequies of various nations
Forests and clearings : the history of Stanstead County, Province of Quebec, with sketches of more than five hundred families
Annals of Calais, Maine and St. Stephen, New Brunswick
The History of Freemasonry in Canada, from its introduction in 1749. Volume I
Lunenburgh, or, The old Eastern district : its settlement and early progress
Homes of the English Over the Sea : no. 1, British Columbia and Vancouver Island
Voyage d'Andre Michaux en Canada depuis le lac Champlain jusqu'a la baie d'Hudson
A History of Ontario : its resources and development. [Part I]
The Scot in British North America. Volume I
The Scot in British North America. Volume II
The Scot in British North America. Volume IV
History of the Royal Sappers and Miners: from the formation of the corps in March 1772 to the date when its designation was changed to that of Royal Engineers in October 1856
Mudge Memoirs [microform]
Records of the Dorland Family in America
Annals of the Diocese of Fredericton
A concise history and description of Newfoundland : being a key to the chart of the island
The Landing of the Loyalists : a sermon


text:
/*global suso */
/*jslint undef: true, newcap: true, nomen: true, regexp: true, plusplus: true, bitwise: true, maxerr: 50, indent: 4 */

(function (suso) {
	"use strict";

	// amend suso with an EventAware object with three functions to augment passed in objects with observable methods
	suso.EventAware = function (obj) {
		var subscribers = {};

		// .on - registers a callback function to be called when the named event occurs on the object
		obj.on = function (eventName, func) {
			// create a list of subscribers to this event if it doesn't already exist
			if (subscribers[eventName] === undefined) {
				subscribers[eventName] = [];
			}
			// add calling object as a subscriber, along with its function to call on event
			subscribers[eventName].push(func);
			return obj;
		};

		// off allows an object to remove itself from list of events
		obj.off = function (eventName, func) {
			var funcIndex;

			// make sure there is a list of subscribers for this eventName
			if (subscribers[eventName] === undefined) {
				return obj;
			}
			// make sure the callback is a subscriber
			funcIndex = subscribers[eventName].indexOf(func);
			if (funcIndex === -1) {
				return obj;
			}
			// remove subscribed callback from the array
			subscribers[eventName].splice(funcIndex, 1);

			return obj;
		};

		// trigger all functions subscribed to the eventName.
		obj.trigger = function (eventName) {
			var i, sub, subs = subscribers[eventName];
			if (subs === undefined) {
				return obj;
			}
			Array.prototype.splice.call(arguments, 0, 1);
			for (i = 0; i < subs.length; i = i + 1) {
				sub = subs[i];
				if (sub !== undefined && typeof sub === "function") {
					sub.apply(this, arguments);
				}
			}
			return obj;
		};

		return obj;
	};
}(suso));

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Facebook Messenger App Not Working: For some time currently, Facebook Messenger has actually stood alone from the Facebook app, making it a more effective Messenger solution, capable of taking on its sibling, WhatsApp. Its freedom also makes it hungry for battery as well as memory, nonetheless, as well as it now includes its own collection of concerns. Here are the most common Facebook Messenger problems and their remedies.
Facebook Messenger has actually been discovered to take in more than its reasonable share of memory as well as power. This is due to the fact that Facebook has actually set the application to fanatically check for updates and notifications. Even when your phone is sleeping or without signal, the application proceeds its ruthless search for a need to do something. The application additionally occupies a lot of storage space. Before I uninstalled it, Messenger inhabited 100 MEGABYTES of space on my phone, but some customers report even greater numbers.
If Facebook Messenger is not pals with your phone, uninstall the application. Next off, add a faster way to the mobile website to your home display as well as enable the website to send you press notifications if you want to proceed receiving them, or mount Steel or Tinfoil, a set of apps that are little more than skins for the mobile site. Any of these alternatives will minimize interior storage area, RAM consumption and also battery life.
If you're aiming to send out a sticker label to your close friend as well as Facebook Messenger is not delivering your important communication, do not despair. Although the circumstance may appear desperate past all understanding, the service might well be easy.
Make certain, firstly, that the app is up to day. Going into the Google Play Store, hit the food selection switch and press on My apps & games. From here, see if Messenger is among the apps waiting for an update. If it is, just continue it and also hit the Update button.
You could additionally have a look here to see if Facebook Messenger is down in your location or various other users are experiencing problems. Whether or not Facebook is using you to carry out emotional examinations, you may simply need to wait up until the solution returns.
If you've unintentionally erased your messages, which is not quickly done, then you're out of luck; they're gone. But possibly you simply archived them, where situation you are in good luck.
Visit the mobile or desktop computer website, click the messages button then See all > More > Archived (for desktop users) or go to your messages, press See all messages, scroll to the bottom and press View Archived Messages (on the mobile website) as well as see if you could locate the message you long for there.
If Messenger is taking out its big malfunctioning guns and providing you a blank display, or you're getting a great deal of Unfortunately Facebook Messenger has stopped messages, then there are a few things to attempt.
First, inspect your Android OS is up to day by going to Settings > About device > Software update > Update now. Ensure you're linked to Wi-Fi and you have greater than HALF battery before you do this, though. If your phone required an upgrade, installing it might be enough to fix the issue, otherwise, continue reading.
Next, try mosting likely to Settings > Applications > Application manage > All > Messenger and also struck Clear data as well as Clear cache.
Make sure the app depends on date, also, by opening up the Google Play Store, striking the menu button as well as continuing My apps & games. From here, see if Messenger is amongst the apps waiting for an upgrade as well as continue it and also hit the Update button if it is.
Ultimately, attempt uninstalling the app as well as re-installing it. Go to Settings > Applications > Application manager > All > Messenger as well as press Uninstall. After that head right into the Play Store and download it once again.


As he is quoted saying, he made a move he had executed a 'million times' when he felt like someone had kicked him in the leg, and he subsequently crumpled to the ground. This is the classic history one might obtain when caring for an athlete with such an injury. If you watch the video, you'll see Kobe perform a classic move which can result in a ruptured tendon: his left leg pushes back while he powerfully tries to accelerate around the defensive player; this eccentric contraction is followed by a step and immediate inability to bear weight, and he falls to the ground.
Athletes have recovered from Achilles tendon ruptures, including David Beckham, who currently plays for Paris St. Germain after rupturing his Achilles in 2010 and having subsequent surgical treatment. However, Kobe is out for the season, and the Lakers, the NBA, and the worldwide basketball community, can only hope he'll be back next season and recover without too much diminution of his skills.
His surgery will probably take place soon, but as readers of CJSM would know, there are options for treatment that include conservative approaches. This journal has looked into the outcomes for different treatment options for Achilles tendon ruptures in the March 2012 issue: "Surgical vs. Nonsurgical Treatment of Acute Achilles Tendon Rupture," a study authored by PR Donaldson that was part of that month's "CJSM Sports Journal Club." In the study, it appears that athletes opting for surgery achieve certain measures of performance (strength and endurance) earlier than those opting for non-surgical approaches, but rerupture rates (the primary outcome measure) and patient-reported function levels in the two cohorts were not statistically significantly different one year after treatment.
Kobe will almost surely get surgery, and we can hope he'll recover well, but in a sport which puts a premium on running, jumping, cutting and acceleration, it will bear watching to see if he can return to being the "Black Mamba" on the basketball court.
What do readers of this blog think about the options of surgical vs. non-surgical treatment of Achilles tendon ruptures? What evidence-based medical studies are in the literature that might guide this clinical decision?


Click here to learn about objects in the Tudor Courtship exhibition.
At the age of 18, William Shakespeare married a woman called Anne Hathaway. Anne and her family were the tenants of a one-storey farmhouse on a 90-acre farm. The house is less than one and a half miles away from the home in which Shakespeare was born and grew up.
Anne's father was a yeoman farmer and, consequently, a well-respected member of the Shottery community. Upon his death he left Anne, who was also known as Agnes, a small sum of money with which she could marry. The house was then purchased by Anne's brother, Bartholomew, who also acquired the freehold on the farm.
Bartholomew added a second floor to the farmhouse and made many extensions to the property. The Hathaway descendants kept the ever-expanding cottage in the family for 13 generations until it was purchased by the Shakespeare Birthplace Trust in 1892, when it was turned into a museum.
You can see one of our house guides talking about one of the inhabitants of the house in this video.


text:
Mycielin () ist ein kleiner Ort in der polnischen Woiwodschaft Ermland-Masuren und gehört zur Gmina Dźwierzuty (Mensguth) im Powiat Szczycieński (Kreis Ortelsburg).

Geographische Lage
Mycielin liegt am Südufer des Samplatter Sees () in der südlichen Mitte der Woiwodschaft Ermland-Masuren, 19 Kilometer nordwestlich der Kreisstadt Szczytno ().

Geschichte
Der kleine Ort Mitzelchen wurde am 23. Juni 1852 gegründet und wurde bis dahin Abbau Samplatten genannt. Im Jahre 1905 zählte er 29 Einwohner in vier Wohnhäusern. Bis 1945 war Mietzelchen ein Wohnplatz innerhalb der Gemeinde Samplatten () im ostpreußischen Kreis Ortelsburg.

Mit dem gesamten südlichen Ostpreußen wurde Mietzelchen in Kriegsfolge 1945 an Polen überstellt und erhielt die polnische Namensform "Mycielin". Heute ist der Weiler (polnisch Osada) eine Ortschaft innerhalb der Landgemeinde Dźwierzuty (Mensguth, Dorf) im Powiat Szczycieński (Kreis Ortelsburg), bis 1998 der Woiwodschaft Olsztyn, seither der Woiwodschaft Ermland-Masuren zugehörig.

Kirche
Kirchlicherseits war Mietzelchen bis 1945 sowohl in die evangelische Kirche Mensguth in der Kirchenprovinz Ostpreußen der Kirche der Altpreußischen Union als auch in die dortige katholische Kirche innerhalb des Bistums Ermland eingepfarrt. Der Bezug zu dem jetzt Dźwierzuty genannten Kirchort besteht auch heute noch für beide Konfessionen.

Verkehr
Mietzelchen liegt an einer Nebenstraße, die Grzegrzólki (Kukukswalde) mit Sąpłaty (Samplatten) verbindet. Eine Bahnanbindung existiert nicht.

Einzelnachweise

Gegründet 1852
Ort der Woiwodschaft Ermland-Masuren
Gmina Dźwierzuty


If you follow me on Instagram, you've probably noticed my recent obsession with watercolors. I just love their vibrant colors, and I think that there are so many beautiful things that even people who wouldn't consider themselves artists at all can make with them.
This project was a little bit of an experiment for me. I wasn't quite sure how these DIY magnets would turn out, and played around with a few different versions of the same idea before figuring out which one looked best.
I actually ended up using my nicer set of watercolors (the rectangular ones) to make these magnets because they have the most vibrant colors. (Check out this post on basic watercolors supplies for more info). You could use really any watercolors for this post, like the round ones in some of the pictures, which you can find at JoAnn's for about $8. The colors are just slightly less vibrant, but they are still really beautiful.
2. Paint your watercolor brushstrokes. To create a beautiful watercolor look, start by painting a rectangle with a lot of water and less pigment. Then get a lot of color on your brush, and go back in and add more color to the rectangle while the first layer is still wet. I especially added more to the top of each one to make it look like a brushstroke.
3. Let your rectangles dry fully before going on to the next step. If you used a lot of water, this might take a long time, but it's important that they are completely dry.
4. Use a paintbrush to cover your paper rectangle with Mod Podge Paper. I was worried that it would make the watercolors bleed everywhere (and a little bit of that would be ok), but it didn't at all. I would just suggest trying to dab a medium coat over the watercolors and not to brush it on with a lot of force.
5. Attach the acrylic shape on top of the piece of paper. Press them together fully so that there aren't any holes or bubbles. At first your watercolor area will look a little white because of the Mod Podge, but that will go away as it dries. You can also add a coat of Mod Podge to the back of the paper to seal it in.
6. When they're dried completely, trim any paper edges that might be sticking out. Then attach magnets to the back and enjoy. You may also want to clean off any Mod Podge that may be on the front with a damp paper towel.
I just love how these little watercolor magnets look, and of course I couldn't resist lining them up like a rainbow.
So pretty – these would make a great teacher gift, too!
Uhm, this is amazing! I really love how easy but gorgeous they are.
I LOVE this idea!! Podgeable shapes- you're opening up a whole new world for me right now.
Beautifully doable! They would be ever so lovely on a magnetic mood board or perhaps made into clips. Hmmm… 🙂 Thanks for sharing!
Pretty! I'm a sucker for anything watercolour so this is right up my alley!
I love how these turned out! I have tried watercolor painting, but never liked how things looked. I love your vibrant colors!!
These are so bright and beautiful! I've been wanting to revamp our fridge magnets. Thanks for sharing!
I absolutely LOVE this idea. They are so colorful and bright. I'm putting this on my to-do list.
I have a link party that I am trying to grow. I invite you to share this (and 2-3 other ideas) at my Grandma Ideas Sharing Time link party at http://grandmaideas.com. I think that my readers would really enjoy your idea!
It goes from Wednesday at 1:00 a.m. until Friday night at midnight. I hope to see you there.
What a sweet project- definitely pinning for when my daughter is older!
I love how these came out – so colorful!
So pretty! Love the ethereal look of watercolors! Now I just wish that my fridge wasn't stainless steel so magnets would stick!
These are so awesome! I love the bright and cheery colors!
These are so cute! I'm obsessed with watercolours. Found you on The SITS Blog!


Noise level is as low as 62dBA at 23 feet when idling. This is substantially less noise than competitors' machines.
Direct-injection engine meets strict new EPA Tier4F emission standards (PDS185S-6E1).
The PDS185S-6E1 offers the best fuel economy: for any air compressor in its class.
Automatic engine idle drops speed to 1300 rpm when there is no load on the engine.
Fuel economy is maximized by "throttling" or restricting the air intake, depending on demand.
Large, lockable gull-wing style doors with gas struts virtually lift themselves for easy one-hand access to tool storage and service components.
Larger tool compartments hold 90 pound breakers and other tools and hoses.
Powder-coated finish and stainless steel hardware maintain their attractive appearance.
Engine is directly coupled to the airend by a fiber gear coupler for improved power transmission, alignment and longevity.
Improved unloader valve and air pressure regulator feature O-rings instead of diaphragms.
Air Receiver Tank Capacity: 5.29 gal.
Lubrication System Capacity: 3.96 gal.
Cooling System Capacity:- 1.93 gal.
Weight with Towing Frame:- 2420 lb.
Weight w/o Towing Frame:- 2120 lb.
Length with Towing Frame:- 132 in.
Length w/o Towing Frame:- 76 in.
Width with Towing Frame:- 68 in.
Width w/o Towing Frame:- 49 in.
Height with Towing Frame:- 62 in.
Height w/o Towing Frame:- 45 in.


text:
Q: PyCharm Failing to Properly Create a Django Project I am an experienced Java developer looking to get experience in Django and Python in general. I decided to start with the official Django tutorial but I am running into problems within the first few steps.

*

*I create a new Django project with the wizard:

*Continuing with the wizard, I make sure Enable Django admin is checked:

*The following directory structure is created:

*When I open up localhost:8000 I get the following error screen:

That error message appears despite INSTALLED_APPS being set to the following in settings.py:
INSTALLED_APPS = (
    'django.contrib.auth',
    'django.contrib.contenttypes',
    'django.contrib.sessions',
    'django.contrib.sites',
    'django.contrib.messages',
    'django.contrib.staticfiles',
    # Uncomment the next line to enable the admin:
    'django.contrib.admin',
    # Uncomment the next line to enable admin documentation:
    # 'django.contrib.admindocs',
    'FirstDjangoProjects.polls',
)

I haven't changed anything, and the official tutorial suggests that I should just be able to launch this project. So what gives?

A: You need to make sure you edit urls.py to enable admin and run syncdb first before attempting to login to the admin.

A: I just tried this out, and PyCharm misses out on one step during the project creation - namely setting up the DB (The admin app config is all created properly for me).
When you've created the project (as you described), open settings.py and complete the DATABASES entry.  For a simple project, that means fleshing out the sqlite3 settings, eg, for windows:
DATABASES = {
    'default': {
        'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.sqlite3',
        'NAME': 'c:/temp/db.blah',
        'USER': '',
        'PASSWORD': '',
        'HOST': '',
        'PORT': '',
    }
}

Save, and run syncdb.  In PyCharm, either hit Ctrl-Alt-R or go to Tools -> Run manage.py Task... and select/type syncdb.
Since the DB is new, you'll be prompted for the standard admin django account creation, etc.  Restart the app in PyCharm (shift-F10), and your admin console should be available at
http://127.0.0.1:8000/admin
Seems to me JetBrains have a bit of work to do with their Django Project creation wizard.

A: I think the tutorial doesn't assume you'll activate the admin whereas you've told PyCharm to create it according to the screenshot at the top, hence you just stepped outside the tutorial's scenario in that. But if you connect to the database as suggested, it should work nonetheless. Of course you'll get the admin login screen rather than the tutorial's anticipated "Welcome to Django" screen on that url, since you activated the admin, but you can consider it 'working' for the sake of a 'first django application'.
I don't think there's any implication here about PyCharm's project creation performance. Apparently you've just stepped outside the django tutorial flow. I'd also expect (although I haven't tried) the tutorial to work combined with PyCharm, if you keep 'Enable Django admin' not-ticked on that PyCharm wizard.
(Django 1.5.1 but probably other versions as well)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Remember Us to Life
Remember Us to Life (Deluxe)
What We Saw from the Cheap Seats (Deluxe Version) (Bonus Tracks)
What We Saw from the Cheap Seats
Live In London (Explicit)
Begin To Hope
Soviet Kitsch
One Little Soldier (From the Original Motion Picture Soundtrack "Bombshell") (Single)
Walking Away (Music from the Original Amazon Series "Modern Love") (Single)
You've Got Time (chamber version) (Single)
Birdsong (Single)
Older and Taller (Single)
Black and White (Single)
Small Bill$ (Single)
Bleeding Heart (Single)
The Call (Single)
You've Got Time (Single)
Don't Leave Me (Ne me quitte pas) (Single)
Don't Leave Me (Ne me quitte pas) (Russian Version) (Single)
All The Rowboats (Single)
My Dear Acquaintance [A Happy New Year] (Single)
Samson (Single)
Live In California 2006 Ep (EP)
Live at Bull Moose EP (EP)
Better (Piano and Voice) (Single)
Rainbow Gypsies Vol. 4
Glitter, Leather and Lace Vol. 3 (Explicit)
Netflix Inspired Theme Songs
Modern Love: Season 1 (Music From The Amazon Original Series)
TV Hits 2017, Vol. 1 (Explicit)
The Hamilton Mixtape
The Hamilton Mixtape (Explicit)
Boardwalk Empire Volume 3: Music From The HBO Original Series
Orange Is The New Black (Music From The Original Series)
Beastly (Songs from the Motion Picture)
Gift Wrapped II: Snowed In
Gift Wrapped: 20 Songs That Keep On Giving
(500) Days of Summer (Music from the Motion Picture)
Disney Box Office Hits
Artists Den Volume 3: Hudson St. Recordings
The Chronicles of Narnia: Prince Caspian
Dan In Real Life (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack)
Instant Karma: The Amnesty International Campaign To Save Darfur (Exclusive)
Instant Karma: The Amnesty International Campaign To Save Darfur [The Complete Recordings] (Audio Only) (Exclusive)
Weeds (Music from the Original TV Series), Vol. 2 (Explicit)
Seventeen: The Best New Music (Hear It First)
Time to First Hello World (Explicit)
Distâncias (EP)
Fall In Love (EP)
A Very Darren Crissmas (Deluxe)
Today's Top TV Music Soundtracks
Top Tv & Movie Music Soundtrack Playlist
A Very Darren Crissmas
歷來最偉大電影和電視原聲帶
Best TV Soundtracks and Film Scores
Central Park Season Two, The Soundtrack – Songs in the Key of Park (Vol. 1) (Original Soundtrack)
Emigrant EP (EP)
Wait for Springtime (Single)
Laughing With (Single)
Party Tyme Karaoke - Rock Female Hits 1 (Vocal Versions)
Softcore (Single)
Blue Idea (Blue Lips Remix) (Single)
Boxsets and Chill
The Early Covers (EP)
Our Little Corner EP (EP)
Behind the Lights (EP)
Interstitium
These Boots are Made For Walking
The Pitch Is Back (EP)
Bombshell (Original Music from the Motion Picture Soundtrack)
You've Got Time (From "Orange Is The New Black") (Karaoke Version) (Single)
Greatest TV Themes: The 10s
Remember the Themes, Vol. 6 (EP)
Modern American Folk Songs, Vol. 2 (Explicit)
Award Winning Drama - The Best Ever TV Themes
TV Blinders - The Great Crime Drama TV Themes
Echo in the Canyon (feat. Jakob Dylan) [Original Motion Picture Soundtrack]
Game of Themes: 50 TV Show Essentials
Uncovered, Vols. 4 & 5 (Explicit)
Gogglebox - The 80 Greatest TV Shows Of All Time
Lluvia de Heroes
How (Single)
Way To Normal (Expanded Edition) (Explicit)
Party Tyme Karaoke - Rock Female Hits 1
I Don't Wanna Live Forever
Seekers and Finders (Acoustic) Featuring Regina Spektor (Single)
Revival (Explicit)
Seekers and Finders
Samson (The Voice Performance) (Single)
And I'll Scratch Yours
Scratch My Back And I'll Scratch Yours (Bonus Tracks)
Chic Gloria Kalil
Geniuscar ICS 20 (EP)
Scratch My Back (Special Edition)
At Home With Friends
Way To Normal (Explicit)


In a small mixing bowl, combine cream cheese, orange juice, 1 tablespoon sugar, zest and marmalade.Slice the end off the bread. Cut next slice ½" thick, but not all the way through, to form a pocket. Cut the next slice ½" thick and all the way through. Slice the rest of the loaf, about 8 – 10 portions. Spread about a tablespoon of filling in each pocket, then press together.In large bowl, whisk the eggs, milk, remaining tablespoon of sugar, and vanilla. Dip each slice of stuffed bread in batter, turning to coat. Continue to dip all slices. (Note: Bread can be soaked overnight in liquid; turn over once.)Preheat a large skillet over medium heat. Add 1 Tbsp of butter and swirl to coat pan. When butter foams, add as many slices as will fit and cook until lightly browned. Turn and cook other side. Remove and keep warm.Cook until all slices are done. Serve with Orange Sauce.
Melt butter with cornstarch for 1 minute. Heat juice and add. Stir until thickened, then add sugar. Bring to boil and then simmer for 5 minutes.
Add about ¼ c maple syrup, or to taste.


MegaTokyo -  are you sad, mr. Piro-san?
"are you sad, mr. Piro-san?"
"a sad day in the neighborhood"
Childhood is a funny thing. You have a tendency to look back on things that were a part of your life back then with a certain kind of deep nostalgia that is hard to pin down. There's also a saying that those who fondly remember childhood were never children. There are a lot of consistent themes in anime and manga that deal with childhood memories and longing for the simpler happy days of childhood. Even the theme of "Osana Najimi" - looking for your childhood love - that is so common in ren'ai games deals with the source of your affection being someone you first met as a child.
I suppose it's kind of sad to realise that significant memories of your childhood can be connected to TV shows. When i was a kid (yes, they had electricity back then... enough of the old age jokes >_<) I used to watch plenty of TV. We didn't have VCRs or DVDs, or even cable - programming for kids was actually pretty limited compared to what is on the tube today.
It's easy to call it 24 hrs of nonstop braindulling sludgefest, but i wonder if that's not really fair. Kids like the stuff. There are shows i used to love when I was a kid that i couldn't stomach today, and there were shows that would have bored me to tears as a kid that i worship and watch religiously as an adult.
It's funny how when you are a kid you wanna watch shows that make you feel more like an adult, yet as an adult we often gravitate to things that harken back to things we connected with as kids. The popularity of animated stuff has been directly tied to the fact that we all used to watch them as kids.
We tend to undervalue exactly how much impact TV has on our development. When i was a kid, Mr. Rodger's Neighborhood was my favorite show. I was born around the time that Seseme Street first aired. I also used to watch Captain Kangaroo and The Electric Company. We didn't have any purple dinosaurs. Heck, even Speed Racer was a rare treat. I don't know if i can tie anything i do specifically to any of these shows, but i can't describe how sad i felt when i learned that Mr. Rogers had passed away this morning. I mean, he had lived a full life, it wasn't nessisarily a tragic thing like some of the recent tragedies that we've all seen on the news, but it still made me stop for a moment. I guess it's some sort of connectivity thing. Humans are remarkably odd emotional creatures.
Anyways, i don't know i even have a point this morning, but I guess i don't always have to have one.
I've been keeping pretty busy with MT and Warmth related stuff this week, so much so that i've been letting little things slip (not that there is anything unusual about that). I've become very comfortable with my new G4, and in the near future i'll be writing a pretty extensive report about my experiences with Mac OS X. One of the main benefits has been my change to a fresh new email setup here on the mac (been using Entourage... its so weird that the mac version of Office is better than the version for tier own OS. Go figure). This is resulting in much better email handling by me. If you have emailed me recently, i have read it, and in many instances i've actually responded! I can't respond to everyone, but that's just because i dont have time to answer every single email that comes in ^^;; But let's just say that things are better.
The first installment for 'warmth' is done, and I am currently working on re-hashing the cover image and some omake material. I am rather upset with myself for the fact that I was not able to finish as many pages as I had originally planned. That said, I am in no way ashamed of what i have is done, i just wish i had been able to do more... but thinking I can do more than i really can do is normal for me. Getting this off the ground, and getting the first salvo of a multi-page manga like this done was something new for me, and I learned a lot doing it. If you go to the trouble to read "warmth", i hope you won't be dissapointed. I'm happy with where it's going.
Speaking of Megatokyo books, I am in the process of working on extra material for Book 2, which will be available in about a month. IC Entertainment has started taking pre-orders, so if you are eager to get your hands on the 2nd installment of Megatokyo, which will include Chapter 1 and Chapter 2 as well as extra material, head on over and place your pre-order (please note that IC Entertainment is not taking pre-orders for Book 2 - piro).
Now, if you had any problems or issues with your pre-order for the first book, I would like to assure you that IC entertainment has taken drastic steps to make sure that Pre-orders, no matter what the volume, will be what they are supposed to be - the quickest way to get your hands on the book. I would not be promoting pre-orders if I did not feel comfortable that this was the case (Just ask Kei, i've beat her up about this quite a bit). Like I explained before, IC is a small company, and they usually handle shipping pre-orders themselves. Due to the volume of MT books and the needs of MT's online fanbase, they now have in place the resources and the manpower to professionally and quickly ship anything we can throw at them. :) If you have ANY problems, old or new, you can email either me directly or you can email Kirk at questions@ic-ent.com. It's been a priority of mine to make sure everyone is taken care of.
Back to drawing today's comic. Hope everyone has been happy with the progress of the story so far. I'm almost happy with. Getting there.
This is a quick prelude to my real rant, which will go up tonight.
But the next Harvest Moon game looks like it'll rock. Sure, I have a soft spot for Harvest Moon because my first published article was a Harvest Moon review. Well, okay, my first published article was technically a Digimon World article, but I prefer to act like that game never existed. So, Harvest Moon. The next game I'll get for my GameCube. Count on it... farming fun for everyone!


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How to eat something: Fresh while alive? Murder and munch? Or let them rot before devouring?
Examples of typical three fungi (bio-/necro-/saprotroph) based on their trophic strategies. Puccinia reconditea parasitizes on living wheat leaves. Fusarium oxysporum invades into host vascular (in center panel, a vascular browning occurs in the tomato root) and then causes wilting of the entire seedling. Marasmius maximus absorbs nutrients from litters in forest environment.
Fungi have diverse strategies for utilizing plants as their nutrient resources. For example, obligate biotrophs like wheat leaf rust reproduce in living hosts, obligate necrotrophs like take-all fungi kill infected hosts and reproduce in dead material, while obligate saprotrophs like fairy ring mushrooms reproduce only in dead plant residues in the environment. What is the most efficient trophic strategy for fungi to utilize a given plant population while ecologically sustaining it? How have such diverse trophic strategies evolved in fungi? To tackle these questions, Sayaki U. Suzuki at CARC/NARO and Akira Sasaki at SOKENDAI attempted to construct an epidemiological model that explores three trophic modes (biotrophic, necrotrophic and saprotrophic transmissions) for fungi to utilize plants. Although their model is simple, consisting only of four states of host plants (susceptible living plant, infected living plant, uninfected dead plant, and infected dead plant), it adequately describes the ecological behavior of plant pathogenic fungi.
Using this model, they obtained the threshold condition for the spread of the disease epidemic and reorganized the conventional physiological classification of fungi from the ecological perspective. They then proposed four types of ecological groups corresponding to the patterns of dependence on nutrient resources, either living or dead plants. It is also possible to draw guidelines from this model for controlling crop diseases suitable for each fungal type of nutrient dependency.
By analyzing the evolution of virulence in their plant-fungi model, they found that a milder fungal virulence in living plants is always selected for if plant-fungi populations are in a stable (endemic) state. However, with a sufficiently strong necrotrophic transmission rate, the host population densities show sustained cycles, which promotes the evolution towards higher virulence. They refer to this self-reinforcement towards highly virulent necrotrophs as "necrotrophic spiral".
Fungi have multiple trophic behaviors including biotrophism (parasitism on living hosts), necrotrophism (parasitism through killing host tissues), and saprotrophism (feeding on decaying organic matter). Historical classifications of plant pathogens are based on many different axes, including their trophic dependence on living and dead plants, their pathogenicity and mutualistic relationship to host plants, and their transmission pathways and infection mechanisms. Such diverse classifications are sometimes conflicting with each other. Clarifying the delineations among these groups would promote synthesis of fungal biology with current ecological and evolutionary concepts. To ask when biotrophic, necrotrophic, or saprotrophic fungi are maintained and are favored by selection, we constructed an epidemiological model that describes the transitions between four states of host plants: susceptible living plant (S), infected living plant (I), uninfected dead plant (D), and infected dead plant, or plant residue (R). S and D represent two kinds of resource—living and dead plant tissues—for fungal inocula (I and R). We obtained values for the basic reproductive number (R0), which defines the persistence criteria of fungi. Based on our results, we propose four types of ecological groups corresponding to the patterns of dependence on nutrient resources: (i) parasitism-dependent fungi, characterized by their critical dependence on living plants; (ii) saprotrophism-dependent fungi, characterized by their critical dependence on dead plants; (iii) facultatively dependent fungi, which are neither parasitism nor saprotrophism dependent; and (iv) doubly dependent fungi, which are neither wholly parasitism dependent nor wholly saprotrophism dependent. This grouping can be used to suggest principles for effective pest control. Our model also reveals simple conditions for the evolution of fungal trophic behaviors. We found that, in the absence of a trade-off between virulence and other life history parameters, milder fungal virulence in living plants is always selected for if plant–fungus population dynamics are stable. However, with sufficiently strong necrotrophic transmission, the host population densities show sustained cycles, which promotes the evolution of higher virulence. Epidemiological synthesis of diverse trophism in plant-fungi relationship in our model thus opens the way to discuss the evolution of fungal lifestyles as a function of ecological conditions.


Tiago Lemos is a Brazilian professional skateboarder.
Tiago battled this crusty Hubba in Mexico City to cap off the DC LATAM Supertour. When Transworld got the photos back and were laying out the issue, this one had cover written all over it. Check the clips of how it went down.
The lead off part of Transworld video number 30. You couldnt pick a more powerful Brazilian duet than Carlos and Tiago.
Tiago Lemos Welcome To Primitive Skate.
Tiago Lemos: Welcome To The MOB Grip Team.


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