text:
The' government' of the people bite Donald Trump back…Open Thread for 11/13/19…
November 13, 2019 By jamesb
Despite Donald Trump's efforts to go around them and then hold them back from revealing the truth?
Despite the two years of virtually excluding Democrats from the decision making of the American government…
The long term people in the State, Defense , NSC and other Departments who have been the ones who work in the trenches, to actually carry out the actions of the American government are getting back at a guy who has expressed detain at them and their jobs…..
Donald Trump, the guy who is ALL ABOUT HIMSELF has tried to get his agenda advanced since day one…
If you work for HIM, NOT the American government ?
You keep your job…
Others are sent packing….
But there are so MANY others who are around that get to hear and see thin gs…
A naive Trump has found that these people ARE willing to tell about the underhandedness going on all around them by a boss who has refused to abide by the norm's, rules or even the law…
These days they are sitting down and telling what they have heard and seen…
Donald Trump and his lawmaker party people have NOT been able to silence them….
Hold them back…..
In recent days, current and former foreign service officers have defied Trump administration orders and trudged to Capitol Hill to testify before House committees conducting an impeachment investigation against the president. Colleagues inside the State Department and their allies in the broader foreign policy community are quietly hailing them as heroes, with special praise for those testifying despite still being on the government payroll.
In their testimonies, the diplomats have described being sidelined on Ukraine policy as Trump's personal lawyer Rudy Giuliani and political appointees — apparently at the president's direction — pursued a "shadow" foreign policy that included withholding some $400 million in military aid to Kyiv. Their boss, Secretary of State Mike Pompeo, has attacked the House process as " troubling" and defended the legitimacy of Giuliani's efforts.
Overall, the diplomats' testimonies have bolstered allegations that Trump tried to improperly pressure Ukraine to investigate former Vice President Joe Biden, a political rival. But some also used the platform to air long-held grievances about Trump and his aides' treatment of the State Department's career staffers, several of whom were demoted or sidelined after attacks by the conservative media….
image…NBCNews
Filed Under: Government, Law, Open Thread/Comments, Other Things, Politics Tagged With: Career US Government workers, Defense Dept, Democrats, Donald Trump, NSC, Open Thread 11/13/19, Politics, State Dept, Trump impeachment inquiry
New Open Thread is HERE.…
Question for the Democrats here-
The people testifying at the proceedings who are willing to express concern about Trump actions, etc.
What do you consider them? Democrats? DeepState? NeverTrumpers? Principled Republicans?
I know what Trump apologists say about them but what about you people?
Government employee's doing their jobs and asking questions when they see a separate rogue operation going on to do something that seems wrong and possibly illegal…
There is NO 'Deep state' bullshit….
These are the people who HAVE actually ran the country tries foreign and national security affairs…some for decades under different President's…
I don't give a heck what people might say about these people…
They?
No Trump & Co. seem to be the TRUE American patriots …
Trump's efforts to silence them and the failure of it?
THAT IS a fight against ANOTHER effort to subvert the American system of government…
We can only hope that one day we WILL REALLY find out who this guy REALLY takes his cue's from…
This has to be at least somewhat of an acknowledgement (and james typically is willing to say it while others here are much less willing) that there are people in the government who may very well be Republicans that are putting country before party.
I have consistently said there are "some" Republicans who oppose Trump.
What I have emphasized and will continue to is that Overwhelmingly (80-90% ) ,Republicans support Trump.
Apparently you(and James) purposefully are misusing the term "Overwhelmingly " to mean "all."It doesn't as both of you well know.
So, if they are Republicans, basically they are a statistical fluke?
I don't know what a statistical "fluke" has to do with anything.
Apparently you think you are making some "point" about Republicans in general .
Sorry I still fail to see what you are getting out.
The only thing I would say at this point is that Republicans once again will still Overwhelmingly support Trump no matter what is said at these hearings and no matter the partisan affiliation of these witnesses
but at the same time, he could be taken down or damaged by actual Republicans.
The average talk-radio fan in Ballwin, MO with their mullet and Cardinals hat does not exactly have as much influence as those who may be Republicans and have stellar records of public service.
Well we have already had that.
Some of the worst criticism of Trump has come from Republicans.
Problem is they represent a very small slice of their party and have,in effect, been disowned by the vast majority of their fellow party members.
I think I've offered some of the "worst criticism" of Trump here.
But yet I get accused of "always defending the Republican." Seems to be some disconnect. I'll try to not take it personally.
Well you accused me of "never" voting for aRepublican.
Then criticized me for voting for a Republican who said did psupported Trump. While later admitting that a Republicans support of Trump now ,wouldn't mean you wouldn't support them in the post Trump future.
Seems contradictory but,like you, I try not to take it personally.
I have not accused you of never voting for a Republican since you made it clear years ago that you voted for Lindsey Graham.
But yes, your rhetoric online directed toward all Republicans,, a I have commented before, does not seem to match those actions in regards to voting for openly pro-Trump conservatives in 2018.
No you said you would "never" vote for anyone who supported Trump(you were quite worked up that day)..
Then afew weeks later you said, well after Trump exited the scene ,you would be ok voting for them.
Like I say although a tad hypocritical?I try not to talked it personally like you.
I think your details are wrong.
I have said I have not voted for anyone who has openly supported Trump. That seems to be a fact. (In all high profile races in which I have voted in 2016 and 2018, the Republican nominees explicitly did not vote for Trump)
Perhaps I said the "never" in terms of a Presidential primary?
Well we can clear this up right now.
Will you in the future vote for a Republican who supported Donald Trump as President.
And ,if so, explain how that differs in any legitimate way from me supporting a Republican for the exalted position of State Supt.Of Education who said she supported Trump for President.
I have said I was NeverTrump. We all know what that means.
I have never said that I will never not vote for anyone who supported Trump.
If somehow I have a choice in 2020 between Elizabeth Warren and Mike Pence, I would vote for Pence, albeit with zero enthusiasm.
This is in no way inconsistent with what I have said in the past.
The differences between that and things you have said are substantial.
You have, at least in my view, painted *all* Republicans with a broad brush. I have said that many good people voted for Trump, just as many good people voted for Hillary and that ultimately, America will have to move forward from that wretched election.
Also, your votes in relatively minor offices are different than that of the Presidency. For one thing, you already knew that those Republicans were going to win, with or without your vote.
Had I been a citizen of South Carolina last year, I probably would not have voted for any of the statewide nominees. I might have deliberately left those offices blank or wrote in some other names.
You are allowed to vote for other Republicans who supported Trump even one who served as his VP.
But let someone else vote for someone for a minor office who supported Trump?Then the person doing so is open to criticism.
Like I say I don't take it personally.Haha.
Enough foolishness for one afternoon.
What I am saying jack is that you should just be consistent about it.
You voted for Republicans for specific offices because you thought they were best equipped to serve. Fine. I don't claim you did not do the right thing.
But if someone *else* then votes for a Republican for office for the same reasons, you cannot attack them for it. Their motivations should be considered every bit as benign as yours.
Double standards are wrong.
I've also made it very clear that positioning on Trump is very important to me in terms of Republican primaries, both at the present time, and will be in the future.
Time will tell what the "official line" on Trump will be in the GOP in the years ahead.
Nothing else though?
Typically, you judge people's views/motives from a perspective of their political outlook.
I am sure you consider me an American as well, but you would have to put an asterisk next to it.
I'm not sure I understand your question.
How can any of us know their political affiliations if any.
I know that many of these State Department careerists typically avoid partisan politics as they serve under Presidents Of different parties.
Accordingly what would we have to base any opinion as to their partisan leanings?
And really what does it matter?If they are Democrats, Republicans will say "aha!"It they are Republicans they will label them either RINOs or neverTrumpers or Hell, maybe their masters favorite line,"human scum."
Isn't Ambassador Taylor a political appointee? He served first under Republican Presidents. He is most likely or at least possibly a Republican I would think.
The Trump acolytes are quick to label them (and others, such as Col. Vindman) as "partisan Democrats" or "NeverTrumpers." I was just wondering if you feel a need to put any label on them.
What if they were strict Republican voters? What if they even voted for Trump? Can they still be trusted?
Once again, I don't understand what you are getting at?
Nor do I understand what difference it makes?
Just an acknowledgement that a Republican can be patriotic and honorable and put country before party, etc, if they are indeed Republican.
Of course, my motives will always be suspect here and I will be accused of "always defending the Republican" or something ridiculous like that.
Yeah I acknowledge that.
But I don't know what any of this has to do with that point.
As we have no idea as to the partisan affiliation of the witnesses.
Keith says
Ah, defending the people who defend Donald Trump, especially "Vice President ass licker,". the man who competes with Ms. Lindsay for the most cheek time.
First, little Mikey, who must now be afraid he will be replaced by a real woman on the ticket, just endorsed Trump Administration rules that deny adoption rights to gay couples. That must have given him a chubby. He's as self loathing as Aaron Schrock and not even half as cute.
And, of course, Mikey does this based on his love of God and mother too.
Second, this appears to be an extension of yesterday's conversation where Corey came out as a Trumper, supporting all those Republicans who are so artfully defending the man in the White House that he professes to hate. The logic is so twisted after three years of waiting for his party to do the right thing that his head must hurt.
I love the reference to the Log Cabin folks. Yes the board of that organization endorsed Trump/Pence, and the endorsement was met by mass resignations. Poor Vince Cable has problems with a quorum these days. There are always self loathers out there, there were even Jews who supported Hitler, and this group is no exception.
Yesterday showed us just how craven the Republicans can be in their defense of someone who clearly puts his personal agenda ahead of the Nation's well-being.
The attack on loyal American public servants will continue by the likes of Gym Jordan and Devin "I'm suing a cow" Nunes, and Corey's Whataboutism will continue.
In the immortal words of John Sununu, "I wish you all could learn to be real Americans."
And here we see the poster child for fakery, as usual.
You heard it here first, Mike Pence isn't an anti-gay bigot!!
Except he is and he's one all wrapped up in a bible.
The man both advocated for and signed legislation that discriminated against gays in Indiana and did so on the basis of religious freedom.
As previously noted, just this week he praised another Trump rule that makes it nearly impossible for gay couples to adopt children. Again on religious grounds.
The Republican Party has been given over to a group of religious bigots who hide behind Christ to discriminate. And Pence is their spokesman.
I expect him to double down on all this hate given he has Nikki nipping at his heals.
Since Pence was carrying water for Trump in Ukraine do we think Trump will throw him under the bus?
The religious freedom debate is a big part of the reason why Democrats are so incredibly unpopular in much of the country and why so many people have been willing to overlook everything they should not be willing to overlook in regards to DJT just to prevent the Democrats from winning
If Democrats cannot figure this out and want to continue to target people for their personal religious beliefs, it will be to their continued detriment.
If there is a specific adoption proposal to criticize, by all means, do so. I believe gays and lesbians often make great adoptive parents.
But Trump is the President. Not Pence. Pence will support Trump on 100 % of matters like this just like Biden supported Obama. It's basically a requirement for the job of VP, whether it should be or not.
You do realize you just used "religious freedom" to justify your party's anti-gay bigotry. Amazing.
I need to go, I have real work to do.
Have a good day Corey, and please try to get some real work done.
Yes, I do not believe people should be forced to bake cakes. Let them be stubborn and lose out on the money if their religious beliefs mean that much to them.
There are plenty of places that will bake a cake.
Try to stay out of trouble Keith.
And if the same bakery was to deny a hetero couple a wedding cake because the bride or groom was divorced for "religious reasons"?
Oh wait that never happens. "Religious freedom" just means–no gays!
They should have the right to do that too.
I am not near a tv so I am unable to watch the hearings.
I am sure some of you are watching and can also specifically remember watching in 1974 and 1998 as well.
I wasn't alive for the first one but definitely remember watching the Judiciary Committee hearings way back in 1998.
Also, I think the Committee Democrats should have hired George Conway to be their Counsel.
While I am unable to watch for myself, the online reactions to the ongoing proceedings are of course predictable.
Democrats feel their side is doing great and all of this is adding up to bad news for Trump.
On the other hand, Republicans are saying that Republicans are easily dominating the witnesses and this is all blowing up in the Democrats' face and "impeachment just died." (Something they say at least 10 times a day every day.)
Most likely, the truth is somewhat in the middle, as is usually the case as to who is "winning" but as someone who wants Trump out of office, I hope the Democrats are closer to correct.
Will since Trump is never going to be convicted,what difference does it make?
There will be an election in less than one year, for one thing. (I mean if Trump is convicted, tossed from office, yet wins a new term, all of this is technically moot too, right?)
The annals of history perhaps being another reason.
Yes and it has been ,and remains ,my conviction that Trump will be removed from office only by losing an election ,not by impeachment.
Or he quits because he is afraid to lose.
I extremely doubt this will become a reality but it would be a very interesting question what happens if he is removed.
Does he continue to seek reelection? If he wins, he would have to be allowed to start a new term. I imagine all sorts of legal wrangling would occur. Congress would have to wait for something new to happen to impeach him again.
Using your theory that Trump is really not that popular among Republicans but they are just stuck with him, then why would they renominate him if he were to quit.
Well, if he quits, they won't renominate him.
I am going off the very very unlikely possibility that he is removed from office via conviction while still having been formally or effectively nominated for another term.
There is not a law that would forbid him from running again.
Actually if he were convicted and removed he could be prohibited from being re-elected.
Is that in the Constitution? Perhaps I am not aware.
Yes as part of the punishment the Senate can not only remove the officer from office but also prohibit them from holding office again.
They don't have to but they can.
That's interesting. I guess I'd have to look into the wording.
I know that in Illinois when Blagojevich was convicted and removed from office, that he was not allowed to ever seek state office again.
Go ahead, it should take you about pt a minute, maybe two.
I've been spending way too much time reading Ambassador Taylor's 20 page opening statement….
It's pretty interesting stuff, but did he actually read this whole thing at once today?
One of them is wearing a bow-tie though and I am not sure how that comes across for many Americans.
I think a bow tie is probably considered cooler now than it was 30 yrs ago when Paul Simon ran for President. The Senator not the singer.
One elected to Congress, Jonah Ryan began wearing bow ties….
I vaguely remember seeing the Iran-Contra hearings on television, but had no idea what they were about.
At that age, I might have theorized that it was something to do with the Iron Sheikh and a Nintendo game… (but I think the Nintendo game was still a couple years or so away)
To CG's speculation about Amb. Taylor's partisan identification, I think that as a career Foreign Service official (rather than as a political appointee like Gordon Sondland or Ray Flynn), he served under, and was appointed U.S. Ambassador to, various countries, by Presidents of both parties.
Remember James Comey's comment (about the FBI) that never in 24 years had he found cause to inquire about the partisan affiliation of any colleague.
I have no way of knowing for sure what Taylor considers himself. His statement identifies him as "non partisan" but he also points out he was first appointed by Reagan, and then was appointed specifically as Ambassador to Ukraine by both GWB and Trump. He also cited a "former Republican high ranking official" who he said he considered his "mentor."
A vote for Pence would be a vote for a Trumpist candidate.
No doubt about that.
I wouldn't want him to be the nominee, but he's not Donald Trump and it would be a vote against radical and dangerous policy proposals from the other side.
I would continue to miss being enthusiastic or proud about a candidate though. Perhaps those days are gone forever. Price of seeing the Cubs win a World Series…
I think if circumstances somehow make Mike Pence the GOP nominee (Trump drops out, is removed–very unlikely) he will run a very pro Trump campaign. It would be his only option to keep a likely unruly base together.
I wouldn't necessarily see that. If Trump is removed, it means he is unpopular and Pence has to recalibrate. Let's say something "natural" happens and Pence becomes President. He's not going to denounce Trump but he has leeway to be his own person with his "own style", etc. The people who are scared of Democrats have nowhere else to go.
The very act of Trump NOT being President would chop some of Pence's thunder…
Trump IS. circus the media LOVES…
Mike Pence simply is NOT in the same league…
A Biden/Pence debate?
Hi, hum😌
Former Utah Gov. Jon Huntsman (R) is set to formally announce Thursday he's running for governor next year, UtahPolicy.com reports…..
Politicalwire…
Mike Pence IS NOT Trump….
He maybe more of a conservative …
But he wouldn't cast as long a shadow and one would think that as a former governor and politician?
He'd be somewhat reasonable?
Pence somewhat reasonable?
Ask the LGBT community.
Pence IS a politican….
Trump was/is not….
That said?
Yes…He's would NOT be LGBT friendly…
But is Trump?
Is there something specific to go along with that? We all know he is religious but has he demonstrated anything in office in regards to those issues that is considered out of the mainstream? Did he pull a Kim Davis? Is he going around crusading on this issue? Whatever one thinks of his subservience to DJT, it seems pretty off-base to attack him specifically for LGBT matters, unless it's purely about his religious beliefs… which are shared by many.
Do you know a single gay or lesbian who considers Pence an ally who is looking out for their equal rights?
The Log Cabin Republicans endorsed the ticket.
What has Pence done or advocated as a public servant that is out of bounds?
How are his perceived religious and personal beliefs any worse than those that Rep. Clyburn says many Democrats in South Carolina hold?
The only thing that seems fair to signal out is the proposed blanket ban on transgender people in the military. I oppose that too.
But that's Trump as the President who is proposing that. Pence is merely the #2.
Pence simply owns Trump's positions on LGBT matters, just like anything else, and yes there are many gays and lesbians who will vote for that ticket, not caring about Pence's personal or religious views, because they believe in what Trump/Pence are running on in regards to everything else that gets argued about.
It should be understood by this point that I am not a Pence fan for many reasons, but if he were President, instead of Trump., if he were to be considered an enemy by LGBT activists because of his perceived personal or religious beliefs, it would be because there is far less to complain about or protest as compared to the daily clown show Trump provides across the spectrum.
Since I didn't know the answer, although I stronly suspected one, I entered "Mike Pence Governor Indiana gay LGBT LGBTQ" on Bing and saw but haven't read a long list of items saying how unfriendly to gays was Mike Pence as Gov. of Ind.
For a disinterested (although perhaps not unbiased) list of Pence's positions and actions, see:
https://time.com/4406337/mike-pence-gay-rights-lgbt-religious-freedom/
According to the items listed, Gov. Pence followed the harder line of Evangelical (or fundamentalist) Protestants and Traditionalist Roman Catholics, although it's quite possible that he (as an apparently devout Christian) might be personally generous to gays. He seems to have followed the homophobic agenda rather closely, wanting, for example, Don't Ask Don't Tell and a Constitutional amendment against same-sex marriage, while opposing laws against employment discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation.
For some more openly aligned sources, see for example:
https://www.advocate.com/election/2016/7/15/donald-trump-clearly-didnt-ask-gays-about-mike-pence
https://www.lgbtqnation.com/2016/07/mike-pences-top-seven-homophobic-moments-many/
His public record is not any different than most Republicans and indeed what was once common place among Democrats.
When he was Governor, there was a brouhaha about some proposed anti-discrimination law and after criticism, it was widely believed that Pence caved and tried to work out a compromise. Evangelicals blasted him for that at the time. Whatever one wants to criticize him for, he has never tried to act as a "culture warrior."
Oh Lord. Back to your Clyburn obsession. Maybe talk to actual members of the LGBT community
and find out who they have a more favorable impression of.
The Log Cabin Republicans are a joke of a group of a few wealthy gay Republicans who want their tax cuts.
And even they said after Trump was elected that Pence was "no defender of LGBT rights". But hey, tax cut right?
As Jack saud about the Clyburn stuff–you don't care about this. It's just your reflexive move to defend any Republican in sense of "fairness"
In this instance you are even more in the weeds. Just let it go.
ANYBODY here think Mike Pence casts the same size shadow as Trump as a fill in President?
I care about a double standard.
Either it's ok for Clyburn's constituents to be given a pass for personal or religious beliefs (which I am more than willing to do) without considering them horrible people or it's not. The same has to be said though for all religious church-going people, whether they are black or white, Democrat or Republican.
Sure, most gay voters do not like the Trump Administration because most gay voters tend to be liberal. But it may not be as monolithic as you think. It's anecdotal, but over at HHR, there are a handful of "regulars" who say they are gay and either love everything about Trump or plan to support him because the fear the left on economic matters.
There is plenty to criticize Pence on, but there is nothing in his public record or personal life that makes it fair to call him an anti-gay bigot.
But can anybody deal with Pence ABSENT the gay issue?
Pence = Trump does NOT seem right for me….
Frankly this issue is NOT going to be the main political issue for Pence…
I have to admit though that Scott's theory does perpetuate something that Trump acolytes often say, and is a big part of the reason why they oppose the concept of anyone but Trump leading the Republican Party.
They believe that Donald Trump is actually really popular in the gay community (and increasingly so in the black community where they expect him to get over 20 percent of the vote the next time) and that Pence nor any other traditional conservative would never have the chance to duplicate that.
Of course, I disagree with the overall concept. For one thing, Trump a long time ago lost the votes of many traditional Republican voters in places like the suburbs because they were so turned off by him.
As for those, who vote for Trump simply as a means of defense against the left, I think that means they would vote for literally any Republican for the same reason.
There is no evidence to suggest that people are voting for Trump because they consider him especially "woke" on gay issues or race issues.
Chris Wallace of Fox News- todays testimony "very damaging" to Trump.
Our office has visitors from Hawai'i.
They picked the wrong week to come to Chicago. This week has seen below zero windchill and about five inches of snow…. in mid November.
Crazy shit for today….
WKRC: "The Ohio House on Wednesday passed the 'Student Religious Liberties Act.' Under the law, students can't be penalized if their work is scientifically wrong as long as the reasoning is because of their religious beliefs."
"Every Republican in the House supported the bill. It now moves to the Republican-controlled Senate."
RCP….
Louisiana Governor Run-Off Election – Rispone vs. Bel Edwards JMC Analytics Edwards 45, Rispone 46 Rispone +1
Morning All…
Roger Stone is a convicted felon. Guilty on all counts. (I hope his cellmate is cool with Nixon.)
While Ron G. has clearly broken with Stone per what he has written about him on Twitter, he was at one point a major source of "information" to Politics1.com, cited anonymously. (Though Stone would be quoted by name in other publications saying the exact same words.) I am pretty sure he would comment from time to time there as well.
RCP averages have Biden, Sanders, Warren, Buttigieg and Harris ALL being Trump in a general election vote NOW in that order….


J Vis Exp. 2014 Jun 28;(88):e51278. doi: 10.3791/51278.
Molino Y1, Jabès F1, Lacassagne E2, Gaudin N2, Khrestchatisky M3.
Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, NICN UMR 7259.
Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, NICN UMR 7259; michel.khrestchatisky@univ-amu.fr.
The blood brain barrier (BBB) specifically regulates molecular and cellular flux between the blood and the nervous tissue. Our aim was to develop and characterize a highly reproducible rat syngeneic in vitro model of the BBB using co-cultures of primary rat brain endothelial cells (RBEC) and astrocytes to study receptors involved in transcytosis across the endothelial cell monolayer. Astrocytes were isolated by mechanical dissection following trypsin digestion and were frozen for later co-culture. RBEC were isolated from 5-week-old rat cortices. The brains were cleaned of meninges and white matter, and mechanically dissociated following enzymatic digestion. Thereafter, the tissue homogenate was centrifuged in bovine serum albumin to separate vessel fragments from nervous tissue. The vessel fragments underwent a second enzymatic digestion to free endothelial cells from their extracellular matrix. The remaining contaminating cells such as pericytes were further eliminated by plating the microvessel fragments in puromycin-containing medium. They were then passaged onto filters for co-culture with astrocytes grown on the bottom of the wells. RBEC expressed high levels of tight junction (TJ) proteins such as occludin, claudin-5 and ZO-1 with a typical localization at the cell borders. The transendothelial electrical resistance (TEER) of brain endothelial monolayers, indicating the tightness of TJs reached 300 ohm x cm(2) on average. The endothelial permeability coefficients (Pe) for lucifer yellow (LY) was highly reproducible with an average of 0.26 ± 0.11 x 10(-3) cm/min. Brain endothelial cells organized in monolayers expressed the efflux transporter P-glycoprotein (P-gp), showed a polarized transport of rhodamine 123, a ligand for P-gp, and showed specific transport of transferrin-Cy3 and DiILDL across the endothelial cell monolayer. In conclusion, we provide a protocol for setting up an in vitro BBB model that is highly reproducible due to the quality assurance methods, and that is suitable for research on BBB transporters and receptors.


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Member shall not, and shall not permit any other person to, access or use the Membership Services except as expressly permitted by this Agreement and, in the case of Third-Party Services and Third-Party materials, the applicable third-party services agreement, license agreement or Third-Party Terms. For purposes of clarity and without limiting the generality of the foregoing, Member shall not, except as this Agreement expressly permits:
copy, modify, or create derivative works or improvements of the Membership Services;
rent, lease, lend, sell, sublicense, assign, distribute, publish, transfer, or otherwise make available any Membership Services to any person, including on or in connection with the internet or any time-sharing, service bureau, software as a service, cloud, or other technology or service;
reverse engineer, disassemble, decompile, decode, adapt, or otherwise attempt to derive or gain access to the source code of the Membership Services, in whole or in part;
bypass or breach any security device or protection used by the Services or access or use the Services other than by an Authorized User through the use of his or her own then valid access credentials;
input, upload, transmit, or otherwise provide to or through the Services or APG Platform, any information or materials that are unlawful or injurious, or contain, transmit, or activate any harmful code;
damage, destroy, disrupt, disable, impair, interfere with, or otherwise impede or harm in any manner the Membership Services, the APG Platform, or APG 's provision of services to any third party, in whole or in part;
remove, delete, alter, or obscure any trademarks, specifications, documentation, warranties, or disclaimers, or any copyright, trademark, patent, or other intellectual property or proprietary rights notices from any Membership Services, including any copy thereof;
access or use the Membership Services in any manner or for any purpose that infringes, misappropriates, or otherwise violates any intellectual property right or other right of any third party or that violates any applicable law;
send spam or otherwise duplicative or unsolicited messages in violation of applicable laws;
send or store infringing, obscene, threatening, libelous, or otherwise unlawful, unsafe, malicious, abusive, or tortious material, including material harmful to children or violative of third-party privacy rights;
send or store material containing software viruses, worms, trojan horses, or other harmful computer code, files, scripts, agents, or programs;
attempt to gain unauthorized access to the Membership Services, the APG Platform, or related systems or networks;
use the Membership Services in any way that violates any applicable federal, state, local, or international law or regulation (including, without limitation, any laws regarding the export of data or software to and from the US or other countries);
use the Membership Services for the purpose of exploiting, harming, or attempting to exploit or harm minors in any way by exposing them to inappropriate content, asking for personally identifiable information, or otherwise;
engage in any other conduct that restricts or inhibits anyone's use or enjoyment of the Membership Services, the APG Platform, or which, as determined by APG, may harm APG or users of the APG Platform or Membership Services or expose them to liability;
use any device, software, or routine that interferes with the proper working of the Services or the APG Platform;
access or use the Membership Services for purposes of competitive analysis of the Membership Services, the development, provision or use of a competing services or products, or any other purpose that is to APG's detriment or commercial disadvantage; or
otherwise access or use the Membership Services beyond the scope of the authorization granted under this Agreement.
Code of Ethics.
At all times while a Member, Member shall comply with, and be subject to, APG's then current Code of Ethics and Professional Practices, currently located at https://www.apgen.org/cpages/code-of-ethics (the "Code of Ethics").
Groups Code of Conduct.
Members have access to APG forums and groups (the "Groups"). Members who use the Groups agree to follow the Member Group Guidelines found at https://www.apgen.org/cpages/group-guidelines in addition to the Content Standards referenced in the Platform Terms of Use.
Continuing Education.
All Members agree that, as a condition of their membership, they must complete twelve (12) hours of continuing education in genealogical or business topics each year, as per the discussion and requirements set forth on the APG Platform, currently located at https://www.apgen.org/cpages/continuing-education.
Additional Member Obligations.
In addition to any other provision of this Agreement, Member shall: (i) have responsibility for the accuracy, quality, legality, reliability, and appropriateness of all Member Materials (as defined in Section 5.2), including all Member Data (as defined in Section 3.1); (ii) timely supply APG with all necessary information and resources including, without limitation, all files, materials, data necessary for the Membership Services, and access to information, personnel, systems, and facilities, reasonably requested by APG (and APG shall be entitled to rely upon any instructions, guidelines, or information provided to APG by Member); (iii) use commercially reasonable efforts to prevent unauthorized control or tampering or any other unauthorized access to, or use of, the Membership Services; (iv) comply with all applicable laws (including laws regarding privacy and protection of consumer information) in using the Membership Services; (v) obtain and maintain all computer hardware, software, and communications equipment needed to access the Membership Services; (vi) retain sole control over the operation, maintenance, and management of, and all access to and use of, the Member systems, and sole responsibility for all access to and use of the Membership Services.
Suspension or Termination of Services.
APG may, directly or indirectly, through disabling technology or other legal means, suspend, terminate, or otherwise deny Member's, any Authorized User's, or any other person's access to or use of all or any part of the Membership Services, without incurring any resulting obligation or liability, if: (a) APG receives a judicial or other governmental demand or order, subpoena, or law enforcement request that expressly or by reasonable implication requires APG to do so; or (b) APG believes, in its discretion, that: (i) Member or any Authorized User has failed to comply with any term of this Agreement, or accessed or used the Membership Services beyond the scope of the rights granted or for a purpose not authorized under this Agreement or in any manner that does not comply with any instruction or requirement of APG; (ii) Member or any Authorized User is, has been, or is likely to be involved in any fraudulent, misleading, or unlawful activities relating to or in connection with any of the Membership Services; or (iii) this Agreement expires or is terminated. This Section does not limit any of APG's other rights or remedies, whether at law, in equity, or under this Agreement.
Member Data and Security
Member Control and Responsibility.
Member has and will retain sole responsibility for: (a) all Member Data, including its content and use; (b) all information, instructions, and materials provided by or on behalf of Member or any Authorized User in connection with the Membership Services; (c) Member's information technology infrastructure, including computers, software, databases, electronic systems (including database management systems), and networks, whether operated directly by Member or through the use of third-party services ("Member Systems"); (d) the security and use of Member's and its Authorized Users' access credentials; and (e) all access to and use of the Membership Services directly or indirectly by or through the Member Systems or its or its Authorized Users' access credentials, with or without Member's knowledge or consent, including all results obtained from, and all conclusions, decisions and actions based on, such access or use. "Member Data" means information, data, and other content, in any form or medium, that is collected, downloaded, or otherwise received, directly or indirectly from Member or an Authorized User by or through the Membership Services or that incorporates or is derived from the processing of such information, data, or content by or through the Services.
Access and Security.
Member shall employ all physical, administrative, and technical controls; screening and security procedures; and other safeguards necessary to: (a) securely administer the distribution and use of all access credentials and protect against any unauthorized access to or use of the Membership Services; and (b) control the content and use of Member Data, including the uploading or other provision of Member Data for processing by the Membership Services.
Fees; Payment Terms
Fees.
Member shall pay APG the standard fees and expenses for the type of Membership Services Member purchased from APG ("Fees"). The current Fee structure is set forth on at the APG Platform at https://www.apgen.org/join. APG reserves the right to change the Fees or applicable charges and to institute new charges and Fees at the end of the initial Term or then-current renewal Term of Membership Services, upon thirty (30) days prior notice to Member. Unless otherwise provided, all Fees are non-refundable.
Taxes.
All Fees and other amounts payable by Member under this Agreement are exclusive of taxes and similar assessments. Member is responsible for all sales, use, and excise taxes, and any other similar taxes, duties, and charges of any kind imposed by any federal, state, or local governmental or regulatory authority on any amounts payable by Member hereunder, other than any taxes imposed on APG's income.
Member shall pay the Fees as set forth in the applicable Membership Application. Unless otherwise indicated on the Membership Application or other order form, all Fees will be due and payable prior to commencement of the Membership Services, and all recurring Fees prior to the beginning of each recurring period of the Membership Services term. Payment terms shall be strictly enforced, and late payments shall be assessed monthly interest at the lesser of 1.5% and the maximum rate permitted by applicable law, plus all expenses of collection. If Member believes that APG has billed Member incorrectly, Member must contact APG no later than sixty (60) days after receipt of the applicable invoice or billing, in order to receive an adjustment or credit. Inquiries should be directed to APG's Executive Director.
Late Payment.
Should Member fail to make timely payments pursuant to the Agreement, APG may suspend further performance of any or all Membership Services. If Member fails to pay any due and payable amounts within 10 calendar days after receipt of APG's written notice that such amounts are past due, Member shall be deemed to be in material breach of this Agreement.
Services and APG Materials/Member-Specific Content.
All right, title, and interest in and to the APG Materials, including all Intellectual Property Rights therein, are and will remain with APG and, with respect to third-party materials included as part of Third-Party Services, the applicable Third-Party providers own all right, title, and interest, including all Intellectual Property Rights, in and to the third-party materials. Member has no right, license, or authorization with respect to any of the APG Materials except as expressly set forth in this Agreement. All other rights in and to the APG Materials are expressly reserved by APG. "APG Materials" means the Membership Services, the APG Platform, specifications, documentation, publications, and any and all other information, data, documents, materials, works, and other content, devices, methods, processes, hardware, software, and other technologies and inventions, including any deliverables, work product, technical or functional descriptions, requirements, plans, or reports, that are provided, created or used in connection with the Membership Services or otherwise comprise or relate to the Services, including all data collected by the APG Platform and Membership Services. Notwithstanding the above, APG Materials shall not include any text, images, graphic designs, audio, video, or other proprietary content provided by Member specific to the identification of Member ("Member-Specific Content"). To the extent APG obtains any rights to the Member-Specific Content, APG hereby assigns to Member all right, title, and interest in and to the Member-Specific Content. To the extent Member obtains any rights to the APG Materials, Member hereby assigns to APG all right, title, and interest in and to APG Materials. "Intellectual Property Rights" means any and all registered and unregistered rights granted, applied for, or otherwise now or hereafter in existence under or related to any patent, copyright, trademark, trade secret, database protection, or other intellectual property rights laws, and all similar or equivalent rights or forms of protection, in any part of the world.
Use of APG Materials.
APG does authorize Members to view, copy, download, and print APG documents and other APG materials that are available on the APG Platform subject to the following conditions: (i) the APG Materials may be used solely for personal, noncommercial, internal use, and informational purposes, and not for further reproduction, publication, or distribution; (ii) the APG Materials may not be modified; (iii) the APG copyright notice may not be removed, and otherwise the following copyright notice must appear in each document: "Copyright © 20xx Association of Professional Genealogists. All rights reserved."; (iv) copyright, trademark, logo, and other proprietary notices may not be removed; (v) permission to reprint articles from APGQ (APG Quarterly) must be obtained in writing from the APGQ editor and APGQ must be acknowledged in any reprint.
Use of APG Logo/Post-Nominal.
The APG Member Logo is available in both web and high-resolution format to APG members. The APG Member Logo must be used in an unaltered state. No other APG logo may be used by members. This includes the national APG logo.
Companies that employ or contract with both APG members and non-members may not use the APG member logo on their company publications, advertising, or correspondence, including their website, unless it is directly associated with the individuals who are members of APG. The accompanying text must state which individual is the member.
If all case managers, assistant case managers, researchers, research assistants, employees, contractors (excluding record agents who work only on an occasional contract basis), and other individuals directly involved in conducting research for clients are also members of APG, then the member logo may be used on company publications, including the website, with the accompanying text such as "All researchers at [Name of Company] are proud members of the Association of Professional Genealogists."
The APG member logo may not be used to imply that all employees, owners, or partners in a business are members of APG if this is not the case.
For clarification purposes, as APG is a membership organization and not a certifying body, except as set forth above, the APG logo may not be used for any purposes, including personal or commercial purposes, without the prior written consent and authorization of APG. Moreover, Members may not know use the letters "APG" or other APG Intellectual Property as a post-nominal. Members are, however, encouraged to use and prominently display the APG Member logo on business cards, websites, and written materials as outlined above.
Member Intellectual Property License.
Member grants to APG a limited, non-exclusive, royalty-free right and license to use the Member Materials as necessary to fulfill APG's obligations under this Agreement for the purpose of providing the Membership Services. "Member Materials" means all content and all other information in any form or media, including but not limited to Member Data and all other documents, data, know-how, ideas, specifications, software code, and other materials, provided to APG or through the APG Platform by or on behalf of Member or an Authorized User, whether or not the same: (a) are owned by Member, a third party, or in the public domain; or (b) qualify for or are protected by any intellectual property rights, including all trademarks, trade names, service marks, trade dress, designs, artwork, and logos of Member associated with the Services and all Member-Specific Content. Member further grants to APG, on a perpetual basis, a right and license to use aggregated and de-identified Member Data for the purposes of improving the Membership Services.
Feedback.
If Member or any Authorized User transmits or provides any communications or materials to APG by mail, email, telephone, or otherwise, suggesting or recommending changes to the Membership Services or the APG Platform ("Feedback"), APG is free to use such Feedback irrespective of any other obligation or limitation between the parties governing such Feedback. Member hereby assigns to APG on Member's behalf, and on behalf of its employees, contractors and/or agents, all right, title, and interest in, and APG is free to use, without any attribution or compensation to any party, any ideas, know-how, concepts, techniques, or other intellectual property rights contained in the Feedback, for any purpose whatsoever, although APG is not required to use any Feedback.
Publicity.
Member agrees that APG may use Member's business name, website URL, and logo on the APG Platform and in its marketing materials, identifying Member as a current or former Member of APG.
Confidentiality.
Confidential Information.
From time to time during the Term of this Agreement, either party (as the "Disclosing Party") may disclose or make available to the other party (as the "Receiving Party"), non-public proprietary and confidential information of Disclosing Party ("Confidential Information"); provided, however, that Confidential Information does not include any information that: (a) is or becomes generally available to the public other than as a result of Receiving Party's breach of this Section; (b) is or becomes available to the Receiving Party on a non-confidential basis from a third-party source, provided that such third party is not and was not prohibited from disclosing such Confidential Information; (c) was in Receiving Party's possession prior to Disclosing Party's disclosure hereunder; or (d) was or is independently developed by Receiving Party without using any Confidential Information. Member acknowledges that APG does not wish to receive any Proprietary Information from Member that is not necessary for APG to perform its obligations under this Agreement, and, unless the Parties specifically agree otherwise, APG may reasonably presume that any unrelated information received from Member is not Confidential Information.
Non-Disclosure/Non-Use.
The Receiving Party shall: (a) protect and safeguard the confidentiality of the Disclosing Party's Confidential Information with at least the same degree of care as the Receiving Party would protect its own Confidential Information, but in no event with less than a commercially reasonable degree of care; (b) not use the Disclosing Party's Confidential Information, or permit it to be accessed or used, for any purpose other than to exercise its rights or perform its obligations under this Agreement; and (c) not disclose any such Confidential Information to any person or entity, except to the Receiving Party's representatives who need to know the Confidential Information to assist the Receiving Party, or act on its behalf, to exercise its rights or perform its obligations under this Agreement. If the Receiving Party is required by applicable law or legal process to disclose any Confidential Information, it shall, prior to making such disclosure, use commercially reasonable efforts to notify Disclosing Party of such requirements to afford Disclosing Party the opportunity to seek, at Disclosing Party's sole cost and expense, a protective order or other remedy. Notwithstanding the above, APG may use for development, diagnostic, and corrective purposes any data and information it collects relating to the Membership Services. Each Party's rights and obligations under this Agreement shall survive any expiration or termination of this Agreement for a period of three (3) years from the date of such expiration or termination, even after the return or destruction of Confidential Information by the Recipient. Notwithstanding the above, the survival period for Confidential Information that qualifies as trade secrets will last as long as the information qualifies as a trade secret under applicable federal, state or local law.
Term and Termination.
Term.
Unless earlier terminated in accordance with this Agreement, this Agreement will continue in effect for the period set forth in the applicable Membership Application or order. Unless Member provides written notice prior to the end of the initial or then current renewal term of the Agreement, the Agreement will automatically renew at APG's then current Fee structure.
Termination.
In addition to any other express termination right set forth elsewhere in this Agreement:
either Party may terminate this Agreement, effective on written notice to the other Party, if the other party materially breaches this Agreement, and such breach: (i) is incapable of cure; or (ii) being capable of cure, remains uncured thirty (30) days (ten (10) days for any failure to pay amounts due) after the non-breaching party provides the breaching party with written notice of such breach; and
either Party may terminate this Agreement, effective immediately upon written notice to the other Party, if the other party: (i) becomes insolvent or is generally unable to pay, or fails to pay, its debts as they become due; (ii) files or has filed against it, a petition for voluntary or involuntary bankruptcy or otherwise becomes subject, voluntarily or involuntarily, to any proceeding under any domestic or foreign bankruptcy or insolvency law; (iii) makes or seeks to make a general assignment for the benefit of its creditors; or (iv) applies for or has appointed a receiver, trustee, custodian, or similar agent appointed by order of any court of competent jurisdiction to take charge of or sell any material portion of its property or business.
Surviving Terms.
Any provision or other right or obligation of the parties in this Agreement that, by its nature, should survive termination or expiration of this Agreement, will survive any expiration or termination of this Agreement.
Representations and Warranties.
Mutual Representations and Warranties.
Each Party represents and warrants to the other Party that: (a) it is duly organized, validly existing, and in good standing as a corporation or other entity under the laws of the jurisdiction of its incorporation or other organization; (b) it has the full right, power and authority to enter into and perform its obligations and grant the rights, licenses, consents, and authorizations it grants or is required to grant under this Agreement; (c) this Agreement has been duly authorized by all necessary corporate or organizational action of such party; and (d) this Agreement will constitute the legal, valid, and binding obligation of such party, enforceable against such party in accordance with its terms.
Additional Member Representations, Warranties and Covenants.
Member represents, warrants and covenants to APG that the Member Materials (including Member Data) is accurate, and that Member owns or otherwise has and will have the necessary rights and consents in and relating to the Member Materials so that, as received by APG and processed in accordance with this Agreement, they do not and will not infringe, misappropriate, or otherwise violate any Intellectual Property Rights, or any privacy or other rights of any third party or violate any applicable law, and that it will comply with all terms and conditions of any agreement between Member and the provider of Third-Party Services.
EXCEPT FOR THE EXPRESS WARRANTIES SET FORTH IN SECTION 9.1, ALL MEMBERSHIP SERVICES AND APG MATERIALS ARE PROVIDED ON AN "AS IS" "WHERE IS" BASIS, AND APG DISCLAIMS ALL REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, AS TO THE MEMBERSHIP SERVICES OR APG MATERIALS. APG SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIMS ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, TITLE AND NON-INFRINGEMENT, AND ALL WARRANTIES ARISING FROM COURSE OF DEALING, USAGE OR TRADE PRACTICE. WITHOUT LIMITING THE FOREGOING, APG MAKES NO WARRANTY OF ANY KIND THAT THE MEMBERSHIP SERVICES OR APG MATERIALS, OR ANY PRODUCTS OR RESULTS OF THE USE THEREOF, WILL MEET MEMBER'S OR ANY OTHER PERSON'S REQUIREMENTS, OPERATE WITHOUT INTERRUPTION, ACHIEVE ANY INTENDED RESULT, BE COMPATIBLE OR WORK WITH ANY SOFTWARE, SYSTEM OR OTHER SERVICES, OR BE SECURE, ACCURATE, COMPLETE, FREE OF HARMFUL CODE OR ERROR FREE. ALL THIRD-PARTY SERVICES AND third-party MATERIALS ARE PROVIDED "AS IS", AND ANY REPRESENTATION OR WARRANTY OF OR CONCERNING ANY THIRD-PARTY SERVICES OR THIRD-PARTY MATERIALS IS STRICTLY BETWEEN MEMBER AND THE THIRD-PARTY OWNER OR DISTRIBUTOR OF THE THIRD-PARTY SERVICES AND MATERIALS.
Mention of Products or Services.
Mention of any specific products, services, or service providers in an any APG Materials, including APG publications, whether in paid advertising, critical reviews, references in articles, news items, or otherwise, is not and shall not be considered as APG's endorsement or promotion of the products, services, or providers.
Member Indemnification.
Member shall indemnify, defend, and hold harmless APG and its officers, directors, employees, agents, stockholders, successors, and assigns (each, a "APG Indemnitee") from and against any and all losses, damages, deficiencies, claims, actions, judgments, settlements, interest, awards, penalties, fines, costs, or expenses of whatever kind, including reasonable attorneys' fees ("Losses") incurred by APG arising out of or relating to any claim, suit, action, or proceeding (each, an "Action") incurred by such APG Indemnitee in connection with any Action by a third party that arises out of or relates to any: (a) Member Materials, including any processing of Member Materials by or on behalf of APG in accordance with this Agreement; (b) use of any Third-Party Services or Third-Party Materials, (c) allegation of facts that, if true, would constitute Member's breach of any of its representations, warranties, covenants, or obligations under this Agreement; (d) negligence or more culpable act or omission (including recklessness or willful misconduct) by Member, any Authorized User, or any third party on behalf of Member or any Authorized User, in connection with this Agreement; or (e) Member's violation or alleged violation of applicable law.
EXCLUSION OF DAMAGES.
IN NO EVENT WILL APG OR ANY OF ITS LICENSORS, SERVICE PROVIDERS, OR SUPPLIERS BE LIABLE UNDER OR IN CONNECTION WITH THIS AGREEMENT OR ITS SUBJECT MATTER UNDER ANY LEGAL OR EQUITABLE THEORY, INCLUDING BREACH OF CONTRACT, TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE), STRICT LIABILITY AND OTHERWISE, FOR ANY: (a) LOSS OF PRODUCTION, USE, BUSINESS, REVENUE, OR PROFIT; (b) IMPAIRMENT, INABILITY TO USE OR LOSS, INTERRUPTION OR DELAY OF THE MEMBERSHIP SERVICES, (c) LOSS, DAMAGE, CORRUPTION OR RECOVERY OF DATA, OR BREACH OF DATA OR SYSTEM SECURITY, OR (d) CONSEQUENTIAL, INCIDENTAL, INDIRECT, EXEMPLARY, SPECIAL, ENHANCED OR PUNITIVE DAMAGES, REGARDLESS OF WHETHER SUCH PERSONS WERE ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH LOSSES OR DAMAGES OR SUCH LOSSES OR DAMAGES WERE OTHERWISE FORESEEABLE, AND NOTWITHSTANDING THE FAILURE OF ANY AGREED OR OTHER REMEDY OF ITS ESSENTIAL PURPOSE.
CAP ON MONETARY LIABILITY.
IN NO EVENT WILL THE AGGREGATE LIABILITY OF APG UNDER OR IN CONNECTION WITH THIS AGREEMENT OR ITS SUBJECT MATTER, UNDER ANY LEGAL OR EQUITABLE THEORY, INCLUDING BREACH OF CONTRACT, TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE), STRICT LIABILITY AND OTHERWISE, EXCEED THE AMOUNT PAID BY MEMBER TO APG IN THE TWELVE (12) MONTHS IMMEDIATELY PRIOR TO THE ACTION OR CLAIM. THE FOREGOING LIMITATION APPLIES NOTWITHSTANDING THE FAILURE OF ANY AGREED OR OTHER REMEDY OF ITS ESSENTIAL PURPOSE.
Neither Party shall be liable for any default or delay in the performance of any of its obligations under this Agreement if and to the extent such default or delay is caused, directly or indirectly, by (a) fire, flood, earthquake, elements of nature, or acts of God; (b) wars (declared and undeclared), acts of terrorism, sabotage, riots, civil disorders, rebellions, or revolutions; (c) extraordinary malfunction of third-party Internet infrastructure, data centers, or related systems or (d) acts of any governmental authority with respect to any of the foregoing, and provided that such default or delay cannot reasonably be circumvented by the non-performing Party through the use of commercially reasonable alternate sources, workaround plans, or other commercially reasonable means.
Miscellaneous.
Relationship of the Parties.
The relationship between the Parties is that of independent contractors. Nothing contained in this Agreement shall be construed as creating any agency, partnership, joint venture or other form of joint enterprise, employment, or fiduciary relationship between the Parties, and neither Party shall have authority to contract for or bind the other Party in any manner whatsoever.
Any notice to be given under this Agreement shall be in writing and delivered by hand, U.S. mail or other postal service, or electronic mail to the address listed in the Membership Application or order. Notices sent in accordance with this Section will be deemed effectively given: (a) when received, if delivered by hand, with signed confirmation of receipt; (b) when received, if sent by a nationally recognized overnight courier, signature required; (c) when sent, if by e-mail, (in each case, with confirmation of transmission), if sent during the addressee's normal business hours, and on the next business day, if sent after the addressee's normal business hours; and (d) on the 3rd day after the date mailed by certified or registered mail, return receipt requested, postage prepaid.
The headings in this Agreement are for reference only and do not affect the interpretation of this Agreement.
This Agreement, together with the Membership Application and order, and any other documents incorporated herein by reference, constitutes the sole and entire agreement of the Parties with respect to the subject matter of this Agreement and supersedes all prior and contemporaneous understandings, agreements, representations, and warranties, both written and oral, with respect to such subject matter.
Neither Party may assign this Agreement, whether voluntarily, involuntarily, by merger, consolidation, dissolution, operation of law, or in any other manner, without the prior written consent of the other Party; provided, however, that, notwithstanding the foregoing, APG may assign this Agreement to (i) any affiliate or (ii) a third party by way of merger, acquisition, consolidation or sale, or transfer of all or substantially all of its assets. Any purported assignment of rights in violation of this Section is void.
No Third-Party Beneficiaries.
This Agreement is for the sole benefit of the Parties hereto and their respective permitted successors and permitted assigns and nothing herein, express or implied, is intended to or shall confer upon any other person any legal or equitable right, benefit or remedy of any nature whatsoever under or by reason of this Agreement.
Amendment and Modification; Waiver.
Except as otherwise provided, no waiver or modification of this Agreement will be binding upon either Party unless made in writing and signed by duly authorized representatives of such Party, and no failure or delay enforcing any right will be deemed a waiver of such right.
If any provision of this Agreement is invalid, illegal, or unenforceable in any jurisdiction, such invalidity, illegality, or unenforceability shall not affect any other term or provision of this Agreement or invalidate or render unenforceable such term or provision in any other jurisdiction. Upon such determination that any term or other provision is invalid, illegal, or unenforceable, the parties hereto shall negotiate in good faith to modify this Agreement so as to effect the original intent of the Parties as closely as possible in a mutually acceptable manner in order that the transactions contemplated hereby be consummated as originally contemplated to the greatest extent possible.
Governing Law.
All matters relating to the membership Services, the APG Platform, and this Agreement, and any dispute or claim arising therefrom or related thereto (in each case, including non-contractual disputes or claims), shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the internal laws of the State of Utah without giving effect to any choice or conflict of law provision or rule (whether of the State of Utah or any other jurisdiction).
Attorneys' Fees.
In the event that any arbitration or any other action, suit, or other legal or administrative proceeding is instituted or commenced by either Party against the other party arising out of this Agreement, the prevailing Party shall be entitled to recover its reasonable attorneys' fees and costs from the non-prevailing Party.
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
package org.apache.geronimo.util.asn1.x509;

import org.apache.geronimo.util.asn1.ASN1Encodable;
import org.apache.geronimo.util.asn1.ASN1EncodableVector;
import org.apache.geronimo.util.asn1.ASN1Sequence;
import org.apache.geronimo.util.asn1.ASN1TaggedObject;
import org.apache.geronimo.util.asn1.DERBitString;
import org.apache.geronimo.util.asn1.DERInteger;
import org.apache.geronimo.util.asn1.DERObject;
import org.apache.geronimo.util.asn1.DERSequence;

public class IssuerSerial
    extends ASN1Encodable
{
    GeneralNames            issuer;
    DERInteger              serial;
    DERBitString            issuerUID;

    public static IssuerSerial getInstance(
            Object  obj)
    {
        if (obj == null || obj instanceof GeneralNames)
        {
            return (IssuerSerial)obj;
        }

        if (obj instanceof ASN1Sequence)
        {
            return new IssuerSerial((ASN1Sequence)obj);
        }

        throw new IllegalArgumentException("illegal object in getInstance: " + obj.getClass().getName());
    }

    public static IssuerSerial getInstance(
        ASN1TaggedObject obj,
        boolean          explicit)
    {
        return getInstance(ASN1Sequence.getInstance(obj, explicit));
    }

    public IssuerSerial(
        ASN1Sequence    seq)
    {
        issuer = GeneralNames.getInstance(seq.getObjectAt(0));
        serial = (DERInteger)seq.getObjectAt(1);

        if (seq.size() == 3)
        {
            issuerUID = (DERBitString)seq.getObjectAt(2);
        }
    }

    public IssuerSerial(
        GeneralNames    issuer,
        DERInteger      serial)
    {
        this.issuer = issuer;
        this.serial = serial;
    }

    public GeneralNames getIssuer()
    {
        return issuer;
    }

    public DERInteger getSerial()
    {
        return serial;
    }

    public DERBitString getIssuerUID()
    {
        return issuerUID;
    }

    /**
     * Produce an object suitable for an ASN1OutputStream.
     * <pre>
     *  IssuerSerial  ::=  SEQUENCE {
     *       issuer         GeneralNames,
     *       serial         CertificateSerialNumber,
     *       issuerUID      UniqueIdentifier OPTIONAL
     *  }
     * </pre>
     */
    public DERObject toASN1Object()
    {
        ASN1EncodableVector  v = new ASN1EncodableVector();

        v.add(issuer);
        v.add(serial);

        if (issuerUID != null)
        {
            v.add(issuerUID);
        }

        return new DERSequence(v);
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Hand-lettered chalk sign, with a fun message I thought I would share with all of you as warmer temperatures arrive. Finally!
Love this! I can't believe it's summer already!
hello awesome handwriting and summer!


Milky Way Ediciones publishes Summer Time Render, Drifting towards the shore of Yasuki Tanaka.
Shinpei is an orphan and was raised as a child with the Kofune family. Years later, while living in Tokyo, Shinpei must return to the island where he grew up to attend the funeral of Ushio, his sister, who has died drowned in the sea trying to save a girl.
But Shinpei will not only stay for the funeral. The visit to the island is extended when he begins to suspect that the death of Ushio was not an accident. Shinpei will try to solve the enigma, which turns out to be much more dangerous than expected, and, without knowing how, enters a temporary loop that forces him to use all his cunning to advance the investigation and not die trying.


Chalcedony, (pronounced chal-see-doe-nee) is a type of quartz that occurs in many colours and forms. The name is most commonly used by jewellers to refer to the stone in it's white, grey or blue form. 'Chalcedony' is named such after the ancient Greek port of 'Chalcedon', situated in what has become Turkey in modern times.
In ancient times, the stone was considered sacred and has been used in traditional spiritual ceremonies by North American Indians to promote vitality.
Other variations are refereed to by particular names that illustrate the considerable diversity of this stone.
Aventurine and Chrysoprase ( sometimes referred to as "Prase"), have a large proportion of elements such as nickel in their make up that give them a green colouring.
Agate is recognised by its banded or striped appearance and is found in a range of colours.
Dendrite agate is usually white or grey and has darker inclusions which look like trees or ferns.
Carnelian can be reddish, through to amber colour.
Tigers eye is prized for it's lustre, caused by reflective inclusions which give a 'cat's eye' effect.
In general terms, jewellery set with chalcedony should be stored away from direct sunlight, protected from scratching and cleaned using warm water with a mild detergent.
Do give us a ring on 01983 243055 if you would like further information, or to place an order.


Audio T Manchester have just added a new range of Hana cartridges to our collection. This relatively new brand of cartridge from the land of the rising sun is causing quite a stir amongst people who have already heard them, and although first introduced in 2015 the company behind Hana, Excel Sound Corporation, have been producing cartridges for over 50 Years. We took in the Hana-EL and SL as our first foray into this new range.
Hana in Japanese actually means "brilliant and gorgeous" which, for all intents and purposes is exactly how it sounds. Tested with our own Michell Gyro'SE' the Hana EL didn't let us down. it gets you a lot of bang for your galaxy credits.
Stereophile magazine also took the Hana EL "low output" for a test drive and said "the EL's basic sonic character was highly musical and exceptionally non mechanical." (Vol.39 No.8 WWW)"
Excel Sound Corporation have being making cartridges for other manufacturers for over 50 years now and only recently have they decided to put their own name to a range of cartridges called Hana, which are hand made in Tokyo Japan.
All Hana cartridges have a highly rigid aluminium cantilever and a diamond stylus.
Ok, so our opinion on the Hana twins. Dave our manager and turntable jedi wanted to give the pair a whirl. He tested both the EL and SL Shibata on a Linn LP12, Ekos arm with exceptional results. To begin with, the EL low output did an admiral job of sounding musical and detailed, certainly worth the admission fee.
Then the Hana SL Shibata, is equally impressive, but is much more open, the extra height in the soundstage just lifts everything out and away of the speakers. What's more, the very low surface noise just adds to the detail, more than you would expect from just a Shibata upgrade, very good and again great value.
Hi-Fi Choice, Hifi World and Hifi Pig all gave the Hana cartridges glowing reviews.
Headshell Chromey! Headshell!! Thats a half inch mount....not your headshell mate...ahh never mind, come on now move along, move along and put your helmet back on, there's nothing to see here.
The Hana cartridges are both on demonstration at our Manchester store and we have the Michell and Rega turntables on standby ready to show off the Hana's capabilities.
So please do pop along to our store on Bridge Street in Manchester and just ask Munir, Dave, Mike, Simon or Haden (on a Sunday) if you're interested in listening to the Hana, they will be more than willing to help.
Oh, and may the vertical tracking force be with you, all 2 grams of it.


Exodus - Covenant - Poseidon Roundup!! All working great!!
Previous Video Boxset Kings! Based on a Fork of Zen I have never seen a better working and looking Boxset Add-on!!
Next Video ALL WORKING PINOY KODI ADD-ONS! - Filipino Kodi content is rare, here is all of it!!
previous Boxset Kings! Based on a Fork of Zen I have never seen a better working and looking Boxset Add-on!!
next ALL WORKING PINOY KODI ADD-ONS! - Filipino Kodi content is rare, here is all of it!!


One thing that we are agreed on here at Providence church is that we are not good people. What's more, we are out to convince others of the same!
What? You think you are a good person? Well then, you better click on the image to the right. I'm betting you might be a little surprised!
Find out why we are so adamant about our depravity, and join us in rejoicing in it.


text:
Leonard French
Leonard French OBE (1928-2017) left school at fourteen to become an apprentice signwriter in his native Melbourne. He later studied part-time at the Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology. After the war, he visited Europe, studying the Byzantine art whose influence would later become evident in his work. On his return to Australia, he taught at various Melbourne technical schools until the late 1950s. In 1956 he completed the seven-panel Legend of Sinbad the Sailor which hung in the ultra-modern Legend café in Melbourne. Henceforth, he became one of the country's most successful and sought-after artists (although he worked as the National Gallery of Victoria's Exhibitions Officer between 1956 and 1960). His enormous dalle de verre (concrete and slab glass) ceiling in the Great Hall of the National Gallery of Victoria was commissioned in 1963, and completed in 1968; other monumental glass projects of the sixties and seventies were the windows for the new National Library in Canberra, the Alpha and Omega window in Monash University's Blackwood Hall and the mural Regeneration in the Great Hall of University House, ANU.
3 portraits in the collection
Leonard French, Heathcote, Victoria
, 1969 (printed 2000)
type C photograph
Collection: National Portrait Gallery, Canberra The series David Moore: From Face to Face was acquired by gift of the artist and financial assistance from Timothy Fairfax AC and L Gordon Darling AC CMG 2001
Rudy Komon and Leonard French, Beaumaris, Melbourne
, 1980's (printed 2018)
by Jacqueline Mitelman
inkjet print
sheet: 58.7 x 48.8 cm
image: 43.2 x 33.3 cm
Collection: National Portrait Gallery, Canberra Purchased 2018
Rudy Komon
Jacqueline Mitelman
Records held at the National Library


text:
Texas ag commissioner cuts ties with consultant indicted for theft, bribery in hemp license scheme
Attorneys for the political consultant said he is not guilty. Miller, pressed on ethics by both parties ahead of the 2022 elections, said he believes the indictment was politically motivated.
Texas agriculture commissioner Sid Miller applauds during the State Fair of Texas Youth Livestock Auction at Fair Park in Dallas Friday October 7, 2016. The Grand Champion steer was auctioned to $131,000. (Andy Jacobsohn/The Dallas Morning News)(Staff Photographer)
By Sami Sparber
4:11 PM on Jan 19, 2022 CST
AUSTIN — Texas Agriculture Commissioner Sid Miller said he is severing ties with a political consultant who was indicted on charges related to engaging in a scheme to sell access to hemp licenses, which are issued by Miller's department.
Todd Smith was indicted Tuesday by a Travis County grand jury and faces charges of theft and commercial bribery, according to District Attorney José Garza. He was arrested in May.
"Todd Smith and I have mutually agreed to terminate his association with my campaign effective immediately. My campaign and the TDA will cooperate fully with any agency involved in this matter so it can be resolved openly, fairly and judiciously," Miller said in a statement first reported Wednesday by Quorum Report.
Smith conveyed that a limited number of hemp licenses would be available and that getting one would take $150,000, including $25,000 for a public opinion survey and "the funding of campaigns," an arrest affidavit said.
The cost of each license was set at $100 after Texas passed a law in 2019 opening the door for local farmers to grow hemp as a crop. The affidavit alleges that Smith collected $55,000 through the scheme, which the affidavit says occurred in 2019 and targeted several businesspeople.
Miller has said there's nothing to the allegations and said earlier this month he was still working with Smith. A new campaign finance report shows Miller paid over the last six months $28,500 to Smith, including a payment as recent as Dec. 20.
Running for a third term, Miller has been hit hard on ethics by his opponents. Southeast Texas state Rep. James White, mounting a major GOP primary challenge, accused Miller of corruption and hurting Texas farmers and ranchers.
The field also includes Republican Carey Counsil and two Democrats, including Austin lawyer and former Dallas County Democratic Party Chairwoman Susan Hays.
"For over a year, Sid Miller has ignored complaints from farmers that they were being shaken down by his team in a theft and bribery scheme. Now less than a month from Early Voting, Sid has reluctantly severed ties with his campaign consultant in an attempt to deceive voters in his bid for re-election," White said Wednesday in a statement.
Smith's attorneys said they were "disappointed" in the indictment.
"[Smith] was not invited to address the grand jury. He is not guilty of these charges and intends to vigorously defend himself," attorneys Sam Bassett and Perry Minton said Tuesday in a statement.
Miller played down his opponents' attacks as "dirty politics" and "slinging mud, hoping some of it sticks." He told conservative radio host Chad Hasty on Tuesday he believes the indictment was politically motivated.
Miller has previously come under scrutiny for controversies including using taxpayer money for two trips that involved getting a "Jesus Shot" injection in Oklahoma and competing in a Mississippi rodeo show. He ultimately avoided criminal charges after an investigation into the travel.
In 2016, Miller gave Smith's wife one of the highest-paying roles in the department. The state consumer protection agency markets Texas products, administers school lunches and pursues economic development opportunities, among other things.
Austin staff writer Allie Morris contributed to this report.
Sami Sparber. Sami Sparber covers politics in Austin for The Dallas Morning News. She is a spring 2021 graduate of the University of Texas at Austin and hails from the Chicago suburbs. Previously, she interned at the Wall Street Journal, Texas Tribune, NBC News in Washington and the Houston Chronicle's Austin bureau.
sami.sparber@dallasnews.com @samisparber


text:
Q: Pumping lemma for $a^n b^m a^{n+m}$ I want to show that $L = \{a^n b^m a^{n+m} \mid n, m \geq 0\}$ is not regular.
Is it suffice to say that $a^0b^pa^p$ is in the language, then y = $a^k$ with 0 < k <= p, choose i = 0 so I get $a^{−k}b^pa^p$ which is not in the language?

A: You can't do that, because $a^{-k}$ makes no sense. However, you can start with the word $w=b^pa^p$, where $p$ is the pumping length (on the assumption that $L$ is regular). The pumping lemma then says that $w$ can be decomposed as $xyz$, where $|xy|\le p$, $|y|\ge 1$, and $xy^kz\in L$ for each $k\ge 0$. Clearly $xy$ must lie entirely within the initial substring $a^p$, so there are $i,j\ge 0$ such that $x=b^i$, $y=b^j$, and $j\ge 1$. Thus, for any $k\ge 0$ we must have
$$xy^kz=b^ib^{kj}z=b^{kj+i}z\;.$$
In particular, $xy^{p+1}z=b^{(p+1)j+i}z$, which is of the form $b^ma^p$ for some $m\ge(p+1)j+i\ge p+1$, and it's clear that this word is not in $L$.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Ukrainian chica search guy especially How to make flash paper without acid escorts
Also known as nitrocellulose, flash paper is an essential part of the magician's tool kit. This paper is coated in a gel substance that burns very quickly, creating an eye-catching flash for the audience. Flash paper is available through specialty shops, but is costly.
Flash paper is a staple for stage illusionists to create fire tricks and, as long as you follow safety protocols, can be a fun chemistry experiment.
Flash paper, or nitrocellulose, is tissue treated with nitric acid so that it will burn instantly with no smoke or ash when touched to a flame. Flash paper is used for creating theatrical special effects and is also employed by magicians. Nitrocellulose was first made by Alexander Parkes in This was the first man-made plastic, which was named Parkesine.
How to make flash paper
While useful as a plastic, nitrocellulose is equally popular for its flammability. Flash paper burns almost instantaneously and leaves no ash residue.
The Facts. Nitrocellulose is an explosive compound produced by the reaction of cellulose and nitric acid, or other strong nitrating agent. Nitrocellulose can appear as a pulpy, cotton-like solid when dry. The explosive, high-nitrogen form is soluble in acetone, but not in ether-alcohol mixtures.
Chemically, nitric acid is made by bubbling nitrogen dioxide into water. This can be done by reacting hydrochloric acid, a nitrate salt and copper.
Around grams of sodium nitrate, over grams of copper and mL of hydrochloric acid are the quantities needed. As far as I know, flash paper should leave no residue or ash. One thing it may be is a bit of moisture left from the initial packaging.
How to make flash paper - magic trick fireballs (nitrocellulose)
Flash paper is shipped damp for safety reasons, and if you don't give it proper time to dry, then it may still have a bit of moisture left in it. The cellulose is added to the acid mix to nitrate. After the cellulose has finished nitrating, it is washed and dried.
Nitrocellulose is stored wet so it cannot be accidentally lit or explode. Nitrocellulose had many properties that made it an important material apart from its use as a propellant.
What household items can you use to make flash paper?
The first practical smokeless powder made from nitrocellulose, for firearms and artillery ammunition, was invented by French chemist Paul Vieille in Jules Verne viewed the development of guncotton with optimism. He referred to the substance several times in his novels. How quickly flash cotton dries out depends on the humidity in your area. Do NOT, under any circumstances, use a hairdryer or any other heat source to dry it.
You can put it into a container with a package of dry silica gel and that may help out. The silica gel should be inside a bag made of something like rice paper. Nitrocellulose lacquer is a flammable liquid used primarily as a binder in fireworks compositions, and as a water-resistant coating for fuses. Gun cotton is one form of nitrocellulose cellulose trinitrate and is highly sensitive to impact.
Celluloid is much safer than gun cotton, but is still subject to detonation. You can make it yourself by soaking your regular loose leaf paper in nitric and sulfuric acids.
If you make sure all of the s are wrinkled to allow air to be trapped between them, they'll all burn up very quickly. Nitrocellulose is a complex organic material that is insoluble in the aqueous medium.
Diy flash paper for illusions or just for kicks
In conclusion, the information on the products formed during the degradative process and the optimization of the degradation may be necessary for the disposal of nitrocellulose. Guncotton, or nitrocellulose also known as trinitrocellulose and cellulose nitrate is a mild explosive, used in rockets, propellants, printing ink bases, leather finishing, and celluloid a mixture of nitrocellulose and camphor; first used to manufacture billiard balls.
A highly flammable cellulose nitrate used in the manufacture of collodion, plastics, and lacquers.
Nitric acid is made by reaction of nitrogen dioxide NO2 with water. Normally, the nitric oxide produced by the reaction is reoxidized by the oxygen in air to produce additional nitrogen dioxide. Bubbling nitrogen dioxide through hydrogen peroxide can help to improve acid yield.
Guncotton is made by immersing cleaned and dried cotton waste in a mixture of strong nitric and sulphuric acids. May 27, Joe Ford. Table of Contents 1 What household items can you use to make flash paper? READ: Can you hit a nerve while piercing your nose?
READ: How safe is riding a bike?
READ: Should you wear a necklace with a high neck dress? June 11, Joe Ford.
Can Superman beat the Justice League? April 30, Joe Ford. Do hamsters like fans?
May 23, Joe Ford. We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. If you continue to use this site we will assume that you are happy with it.
Guncotton, or nitrocellulose also known as trinitrocellulose and cellulose nitrate is a mild explosive, used in rockets, propellants, printing ink bases, leather finishing, and celluloid a mixture of nitrocellulose and camphor; first used to manufacture billiard balls. Yes, ammonium nitrate can be used. Exercise great care at all times when manufacturing flash paper.
If you continue to use this site we will assume that you are happy with it. Flash paper, or nitrocellulose, is tissue treated with nitric acid so that it will burn instantly with no smoke or ash when touched to a flame.
June 11, Joe Ford. Those with training and experience handling hazardous chemicals may prefer to produce their own flash paper. Kaptain Kool 10 years ago on Introduction.


text:
Identification of metabolite and lipid profiles in a segregating peach population associated with mealiness in prunus persica (L.) batsch
Victoria Lillo-Carmona, Alonso Espinoza, Karin Rothkegel, Miguel Rubilar, Ricardo Nilo-Poyanco, ROMINA PAOLA PEDRESCHI PLASENCIA, Reinaldo Campos-Vargas, Claudio Meneses
The peach is the third most important temperate fruit crop considering fruit production and harvested area in the world. Exporting peaches represents a challenge due to the long-distance nature of export markets. This requires fruit to be placed in cold storage for a long time, which can induce a physiological disorder known as chilling injury (CI). The main symptom of CI is mealiness, which is perceived as non-juicy fruit by consumers. The purpose of this work was to identify and compare the metabolite and lipid profiles between two siblings from contrasting populations for juice content, at harvest and after 30 days at 0 °C. A total of 119 metabolites and 189 lipids were identified, which showed significant differences in abundance, mainly in amino acids, sugars and lipids. Metabolites displaying significant changes from the E1 to E3 stages corresponded to lipids such as phosphatidylglycerol (PG), monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG) and lysophosphatidylcholines (LPC), and sugars such as fructose 1 and 1-fructose-6 phosphate. These metabolites might be used as early stage biomarkers associated with mealiness at harvest and after cold storage.
https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo10040154
Chilling injury
Lipidomics
Mealiness
10.3390/metabo10040154
Dive into the research topics of 'Identification of metabolite and lipid profiles in a segregating peach population associated with mealiness in prunus persica (L.) batsch'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.
Prunus persica Medicine & Life Sciences 100%
Fruit Medicine & Life Sciences 59%
Metabolite Chemistry 44%
Lipid Chemistry 43%
monogalactosyldiacylglycerol Medicine & Life Sciences 30%
Cold Temperature Medicine & Life Sciences 28%
Lillo-Carmona, V., Espinoza, A., Rothkegel, K., Rubilar, M., Nilo-Poyanco, R., PEDRESCHI PLASENCIA, ROMINA. PAOLA., Campos-Vargas, R., & Meneses, C. (2020). Identification of metabolite and lipid profiles in a segregating peach population associated with mealiness in prunus persica (L.) batsch. Metabolites, 10(4), [154]. https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo10040154
Lillo-Carmona, Victoria ; Espinoza, Alonso ; Rothkegel, Karin et al. / Identification of metabolite and lipid profiles in a segregating peach population associated with mealiness in prunus persica (L.) batsch. In: Metabolites. 2020 ; Vol. 10, No. 4.
@article{dee13dbaf5294c1694f696416b9acd8c,
title = "Identification of metabolite and lipid profiles in a segregating peach population associated with mealiness in prunus persica (L.) batsch",
abstract = "The peach is the third most important temperate fruit crop considering fruit production and harvested area in the world. Exporting peaches represents a challenge due to the long-distance nature of export markets. This requires fruit to be placed in cold storage for a long time, which can induce a physiological disorder known as chilling injury (CI). The main symptom of CI is mealiness, which is perceived as non-juicy fruit by consumers. The purpose of this work was to identify and compare the metabolite and lipid profiles between two siblings from contrasting populations for juice content, at harvest and after 30 days at 0 °C. A total of 119 metabolites and 189 lipids were identified, which showed significant differences in abundance, mainly in amino acids, sugars and lipids. Metabolites displaying significant changes from the E1 to E3 stages corresponded to lipids such as phosphatidylglycerol (PG), monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG) and lysophosphatidylcholines (LPC), and sugars such as fructose 1 and 1-fructose-6 phosphate. These metabolites might be used as early stage biomarkers associated with mealiness at harvest and after cold storage.",
keywords = "Biomarker, Chilling injury, Lipidomics, Mealiness, Metabolomics",
author = "Victoria Lillo-Carmona and Alonso Espinoza and Karin Rothkegel and Miguel Rubilar and Ricardo Nilo-Poyanco and {PEDRESCHI PLASENCIA}, {ROMINA PAOLA} and Reinaldo Campos-Vargas and Claudio Meneses",
note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. Copyright: Copyright 2020 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.",
doi = "10.3390/metabo10040154",
journal = "Metabolites",
Lillo-Carmona, V, Espinoza, A, Rothkegel, K, Rubilar, M, Nilo-Poyanco, R, PEDRESCHI PLASENCIA, ROMINAPAOLA, Campos-Vargas, R & Meneses, C 2020, 'Identification of metabolite and lipid profiles in a segregating peach population associated with mealiness in prunus persica (L.) batsch', Metabolites, vol. 10, no. 4, 154. https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo10040154
Identification of metabolite and lipid profiles in a segregating peach population associated with mealiness in prunus persica (L.) batsch. / Lillo-Carmona, Victoria; Espinoza, Alonso; Rothkegel, Karin et al.
In: Metabolites, Vol. 10, No. 4, 154, 04.2020.
T1 - Identification of metabolite and lipid profiles in a segregating peach population associated with mealiness in prunus persica (L.) batsch
AU - Lillo-Carmona, Victoria
AU - Espinoza, Alonso
AU - Rothkegel, Karin
AU - Rubilar, Miguel
AU - Nilo-Poyanco, Ricardo
AU - PEDRESCHI PLASENCIA, ROMINA PAOLA
AU - Campos-Vargas, Reinaldo
AU - Meneses, Claudio
N1 - Publisher Copyright: © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. Copyright: Copyright 2020 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
N2 - The peach is the third most important temperate fruit crop considering fruit production and harvested area in the world. Exporting peaches represents a challenge due to the long-distance nature of export markets. This requires fruit to be placed in cold storage for a long time, which can induce a physiological disorder known as chilling injury (CI). The main symptom of CI is mealiness, which is perceived as non-juicy fruit by consumers. The purpose of this work was to identify and compare the metabolite and lipid profiles between two siblings from contrasting populations for juice content, at harvest and after 30 days at 0 °C. A total of 119 metabolites and 189 lipids were identified, which showed significant differences in abundance, mainly in amino acids, sugars and lipids. Metabolites displaying significant changes from the E1 to E3 stages corresponded to lipids such as phosphatidylglycerol (PG), monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG) and lysophosphatidylcholines (LPC), and sugars such as fructose 1 and 1-fructose-6 phosphate. These metabolites might be used as early stage biomarkers associated with mealiness at harvest and after cold storage.
AB - The peach is the third most important temperate fruit crop considering fruit production and harvested area in the world. Exporting peaches represents a challenge due to the long-distance nature of export markets. This requires fruit to be placed in cold storage for a long time, which can induce a physiological disorder known as chilling injury (CI). The main symptom of CI is mealiness, which is perceived as non-juicy fruit by consumers. The purpose of this work was to identify and compare the metabolite and lipid profiles between two siblings from contrasting populations for juice content, at harvest and after 30 days at 0 °C. A total of 119 metabolites and 189 lipids were identified, which showed significant differences in abundance, mainly in amino acids, sugars and lipids. Metabolites displaying significant changes from the E1 to E3 stages corresponded to lipids such as phosphatidylglycerol (PG), monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG) and lysophosphatidylcholines (LPC), and sugars such as fructose 1 and 1-fructose-6 phosphate. These metabolites might be used as early stage biomarkers associated with mealiness at harvest and after cold storage.
KW - Biomarker
KW - Chilling injury
KW - Lipidomics
KW - Mealiness
KW - Metabolomics
U2 - 10.3390/metabo10040154
DO - 10.3390/metabo10040154
JO - Metabolites
JF - Metabolites
Lillo-Carmona V, Espinoza A, Rothkegel K, Rubilar M, Nilo-Poyanco R, PEDRESCHI PLASENCIA ROMINAPAOLA et al. Identification of metabolite and lipid profiles in a segregating peach population associated with mealiness in prunus persica (L.) batsch. Metabolites. 2020 Apr;10(4):154. doi: 10.3390/metabo10040154