Results 1 - 47 of 47.
Offering wood burning stoves for sale, along with chimney sweep services across Hereford, Gloucestershire and Cardiff.
Supplying contemporary and traditional stoves, multifuel and wood burning stoves in Cambridge.
Operating throughout Wales, Regency Fireplaces are a family run company providing quality fireplaces and wood burning stoves throughout North Wales, Chester & Wrexham.
Offers fireplace packages, individual stoves, mantels, hearths, and accessories available for sale online, with delivery in the UK.
Gloucestershire based company providing carpets, wood flooring, curtains and blinds across Stroud and Gloucestershire.
Flooring Cristini Carpet Centre is a carpet and flooring store providing carpets, wood and vinyl flooring across Macclesfield, Crewe and Cheshire.
Providing hardwood and engineered wood floors 15mm to residential and commercial clients in Wandsworth, Clapham and Putney areas. The company sells products through the store and online. Also offers floor sanding services.
Fashion blinds based in Dublin, offer roller, vertical, and panel blinds via the secure eCommerce store.
With over 25 years experience in the Gas Fire, Stove, Electric Fire and Fireplace industry, Fires & Stoves Chester are leaders in the industry. With a full showrooms with all products on display, contact Fires & Stoves for more information today.
Providing carpets, laminate and wood flooring for domestic and commercial uses throughout Ealing and Middlesex areas.
Supplying and fitting wood and hard wood flooring products for homes and commercial properties in Oxford and surrounding areas.
Providing a wide range of wood and timber products including wood flooring, heat logs and firewood in Leicester and nearby areas.
SFC are flooring specialists operating in the East Anglia area including Cambridge and Peterborough.
Providing furniture cleaning and repair and care products, including metals treatments, wood finishing products, leather, upholstery, handles, and brushes available for sale via the online store in the UK.
Providing wood burners, fireplaces, electric fires and more across Ipswich, Colchester and surrounding areas.
Manufactures and supplies solid and parquet woodblock floors, and kitchen worktops available in Oak, Maple and Walnut throughout UK.
Manufacturers and installers of fireplaces and stoves. The company also offers fireplace maintenance services in Wormbridge, and throughout Hereford area.
Supplying timber flooring including solid wood and laminates available for sale online to the UK market.
The company is the leading provider of specialist fireplaces to customers across Surrey and have been doing so for over 30 years. They work hard to meet the needs of their customers through a personal service and the use of the very best materials for all fireplace installations and have built a hugely positive reputation among customers throughout Surrey since they were first established in 1984.
Supplying soft and hard wood including timber and sawmill, along with skirting, flooring and other wood products.
Wood Floor Surbiton Ltd, a surrey based providers of sustainable wood and bespoke hardwood flooring in Guildford, Engleford Green, and Cobham areas.
Wood and beyond is a UK based online seller of wood flooring at discount prices. The range of wood flooring materials includes solid and engineered wood flooring.
Wooden Blinds is an online shop selling wooden window blinds available in venetian and vertical formats and numerous designs suitable for multiple types of interior settings in the UK.


text:
Supporting young people
In early 2020, Enterprise Junction launched a new training programme to support young people across East Sussex with an opportunity to start their own business. The participants, aged between 16 and 25, completed a programme of eight days training on topics ranging from "how enterprise helps the local community" to "what skills are needed to become self-employed". In addition, participants had the opportunity to attend a one to one mentoring/coaching session with a trained business facilitator to develop their strategy and set realistic goals and targets.
As well as increasing their levels of confidence and self-esteem, participants gained a clear focus and direction which helped them to develop ideas for a start-up business. One participant said she had "Learnt more about setting up and running my own business and the pros and cons of being self-employed".
Enterprise Junction, in association with The People's Postcode were intending to roll out the scheme across East Sussex with particular emphasis on working with young people not in education, employment or training but unfortunately the programme was halted at the end of March due to Covid-19. Like many charities, Enterprise Junction faced an uncertain future as the longer term impact of the pandemic started to become more apparent. Luckily for them, The People's Postcode showed remarkable perspicacity when, towards the end of May, they informed grant holders that any funds that remained unspent from their original grants could be "unrestricted" and used for whatever was needed most.
Benna McCartney, director of Enterprise Junction said, "The forward thinking and generosity of The Postcode Lottery has been a lifeline to small charities like ourselves. Thanks to them we have been able to retain key members of staff and develop new ways of delivering our programmes that will benefit future participants".
YOUR way into work
A new way to empower young people into work
Sussex-based charity, Enterprise Junction, is launching a new training programme across East Sussex in January 2020, to support young people between the ages of 16 to 25 with a life-changing opportunity to start their own business or to develop the skills and experience they need to move into employment.
Funded through The Sussex Police & Crime Commissioner's Community Safety Fund, Sussex Community Foundation and the National Lottery Community Fund, the programme will be run in Hastings, Eastbourne and Newhaven and consists of four one-day courses together with one to one sessions with a mentor. The programme, which has an emphasis on confidence building and self-esteem, covers the risks, rewards and legalities of self-employment, how to plan for success, easy to manage finance and social media and marketing. Alongside all this, participants will have a fantastic opportunity to use their own ideas to create a real-life money-making project.
Said Phil Ashford, Director of Enterprise Junction, "We are thrilled to have been given the opportunity to work with young people across East Sussex to provide the training and support they need to enable them to do something they are passionate about and fulfil their potential. We recognise that many young people feel intimidated by mainstream business support, but our coaches and mentors understand the particular barriers they face, and use tried and tested techniques to help them overcome these challenges. We are extremely grateful to all our funders who have made this inspirational programme possible."
Participants on the programme will benefit from increased levels of confidence and self-esteem, a clear focus and direction together with a realistic set of goals and targets. They will also increase their business knowledge and skills and learn about funding opportunities and how to access them.
If you are aged between 16 and 25 and would like to boost your business skills, learn more about self-employment and enhance your C.V. then please apply early by emailing ruth.maddison@enterprisejunction.org.uk or call Ruth on 07508 277371 for an informal chat about what's involved. No qualifications or experience are required to join the programme, but places are limited so please get in touch early to avoid disappointment.
Your way into work Programme Eastbourne details
Our development plans
We're delighted to report that our Trustees continue to work behind the scenes to putting everything in place for the early stage development of Enterprise Junction. Our bank account has been opened and we're looking at some exciting funding opportunities for 2019.
CIO Status for Enterprise Junction
We are excited to say that we have very recently found out that we now have CIO status for Enterprise Junction! More news to follow...
Read our up to date news and events here.
Enterprise Junction is a CIO
Charity number: 1178489
© Enterprise Junction 2019
Contact:
info@enterprisejunction.org.uk

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Yahoo!Communities Search Yahoo! neighborhood profiles! National Center For Education Stats NCES is the primary federal entity for collecting and analyzing data that are related to education in the United States and other nations. SchoolMatters.com SchoolMatters.com is your objective source of school information on elementary, middle and high schools.


For years, policy makers trying to curb distracted driving have compared the problem to drunken driving. The analogy seemed fitting, with drivers weaving down roads and rationalizing behavior that they knew could be deadly.
But on Tuesday, in an emotional call for states to ban all phone use by drivers, the head of a federal agency introduced a new comparison: distracted driving is like smoking.
The shift in language, in comments by Deborah Hersman, the chairwoman of the National Transportation Safety Board, opened a new front in a continuing national conversation about a deadly habit that safety advocates are trying desperately, and with a growing sense of futility, to stop.
Her new tack also echoes a growing consensus among scientists that using phones and computers can be compulsive, both emotionally and physically, which helps explain why drivers may have trouble turning off their devices even if they want to. In effect, they are saying that the running joke about BlackBerrys as "CrackBerrys" is more serious than people think.
Policy makers are eager to find a new way to attack distracted driving because, for all their efforts in the past few years, multitasking by drivers is on the rise.
In a study conducted last year and released this month by the federal government, about 120,000 drivers were estimated to be sending text messages or physically manipulating phones at any given time during the day, up 50 percent from 2009.
And according to the research, from the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, 660,000 drivers were holding phones to their ears at any moment last year.
Even as more people multitask behind the wheel, polls show that there is widespread recognition of the risks.
Previous efforts to change societal views about drunken driving and to increase compliance with seat belt laws and motorcycle helmet requirements took root over years, traffic safety experts said, with a three-pronged approach of tough laws, enforcement and education.
Safety advocates added that distracted driving poses a challenge similar to that posed by smoking: being able to communicate with friends or loved ones at all times may carry a certain cool factor, as cigarettes did in the 1950s and '60s. Like cigarettes, they can be the default solution to restlessness or boredom.
And, scientists said, the phone is very hard to resist. "There is absolutely an issue with compulsion," said David Greenfield, a psychologist and assistant professor of psychiatry at the University of Connecticut School of Medicine who runs a clinic called the Center for Internet and Technology Addiction.
Or even try it for a short car ride, he said. Part of the lure of smartphones, he said, is that they randomly dispense valuable information. People do not know when an urgent or interesting e-mail or text will come in, so they feel compelled to check all the time.
He finds the cigarette analogy more apt than drunken driving because, he said, people who drive drunk do not find any satisfaction in doing so. In contrast, checking e-mail or chatting while driving might relieve the tedium of being behind the wheel.
The lure of multitasking may be, in at least one respect, more powerful for drivers than for other people, said Clifford Nass, a sociology professor at Stanford University who studies electronic distraction. Drivers are typically isolated and alone, he said, and humans are fundamentally social animals.
The ring of a phone or the ping of a text becomes a promise of human connection, which is "like catnip for humans," Dr. Nass said.
Paul Atchley, an associate professor of psychology at the University of Kansas, conducted research this year and last to determine whether young adults had enough self-control to postpone responding to a text message if they were offered a reward to do so. The idea was to determine whether the lure of the device was so compelling that it would override a larger reward.
The research found that young adults would postpone the text. Dr. Atchley concluded that the phone, while not classically addictive, nevertheless has a powerful draw, in part because it delivers information that often becomes less valuable with each passing minute.
That analysis offers hope to safety advocates, who would obviously rather not battle a behavior that is irresistible. The hope is shared by Keith Humphreys, a professor of psychiatry at the Stanford University Medical Center, who in 2009 and 2010 was a senior drug policy adviser to the White House.
As more information about the dangers of smoking came to light, he said, many smokers stopped, suggesting that even though nicotine is addictive, some people can choose to avoid it. And even addicted smokers, he said, do not light up in theaters or churches.
At a news conference on Tuesday, Ms. Hersman of the National Transportation Safety Board said something must change because the current measures and messages were not working.
She knows how hard it can be. Two years ago, the board implemented a policy that employees were not allowed to use phones while driving. Sometimes, she said, she would be driving and feel the lure of the device.


Prime Autos Japan offers active and effective online support to the buyers and customers residing across the globe. Prime Autos Japan has been vigorously working hard to provide seamless support regardless of anytime in the day. Our support team is always available to assist you with your queries and requests 24/7 via phone calls, live chat support or email updates.
At Prime Autos Japan we have our call support agents available at your service regardless of anytime in the day or at night. Our agents offer you full support in providing car info, login details, car tracking and also help you throughout your buying process.
We are connected to over 120 leading auction houses in Japan to provide you with the biggest and latest variety of used cars possible. Our website provides live auction updates, bids, final bid time, etc. for our customers worldwide.
Prime Autos Japan has earned the label of being the most reliable auto trading company on delivering top quality vehicles and 100% customer satisfaction. Adding further to it, we have a specific help & support section on our website with tutorials to help and guide our customers in the best possible way. You can take a tour of this page, whenever you get stuck in the middle of the process.
Our website has the most simple and convenient buying process. You can now buy your desired car online from our website and get it shipped to your country. Buying has been made easier for your comfort where you don't have to visit auto dealers or auction sites to buy a car.
The support team at Prime Autos Japan want the customers to enjoy all benefits offered by our company, hence for this purpose, our website has been made fully mobile responsive so that our customers can easily browse through the stock, order a car and make payments using their mobile phones.


text:
using System;
using System.Data;
using System.Configuration;
using System.Collections;
using System.Web;
using System.Web.Security;
using System.Web.UI;
using System.Web.UI.WebControls;
using System.Web.UI.WebControls.WebParts;
using System.Web.UI.HtmlControls;

using WebsitePanel.EnterpriseServer;

namespace WebsitePanel.Portal
{
    public partial class SettingsMsSqlPolicy : WebsitePanelControlBase, IUserSettingsEditorControl
    {
        public void BindSettings(UserSettings settings)
        {
            // users
            userNamePolicy.Value = settings["UserNamePolicy"];
            userPasswordPolicy.Value = settings["UserPasswordPolicy"];

            // databases
            databaseNamePolicy.Value = settings["DatabaseNamePolicy"];
        }

        public void SaveSettings(UserSettings settings)
        {
            // users
            settings["UserNamePolicy"] = userNamePolicy.Value;
            settings["UserPasswordPolicy"] = userPasswordPolicy.Value;

            // databases
            settings["DatabaseNamePolicy"] = databaseNamePolicy.Value;
        }
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Westfield Milan Announced Opening in 2021
by Giulia Minero 7 June 2018 18 June 2018
written by Giulia Minero 7 June 2018 18 June 2018
A rendering of Westfield Milan
According to the latest announcements, the new massive mall Westfield Milan is scheduled to open in the city of Segrate – just 10 km from Milan – by the end of 2021. The mall is set to have all the numbers to impress, starting from an overall area of 60 hectares, an esteemed income of 1.3 billion per year, 380 stores and an exterior area providing over 10,000 parking spaces. Among the brands that have already confirmed the presence in the mall guests will find the Inditex group, including Bershka, Oysho, Pull&Bear, Stradivarius, Zara and Zara Home, as well as giant lifestyle groups such as the French Galeries Lafayette (opening its first department store in Italy) and the Italian Coin Excelsior. UCI Cinemas as well is set to open a 16-screen cinema with 2,500 seats including a luxury dining service.
No further details on the exact location have been announce yet.
www.westfieldcorp.com
Out of Townshopping news
Shopping, Food and Events for Spring 2019 at...
Summer Sales 2018 and New Openings at Franciacorta...
Yves Saint Laurent, to Open in Galleria
Roncato Opens its First Flagship Store in San...
Havaianas Opens its Flagship Store in Corso Buenos...
8 Automotive Museums in Northern Italy
Coin Excelsior, a New Addition to CityLife Shopping...
Milan Design Week's Craziest Launch Party
Haigō Opens its Concept Store in Chinatown
Japan POP at Franciacorta New Initiatives for Spring...


Looks like CNN is the Winner !
Congrats to the failing New York Times. My favorite is still CNN and that's why they will never get any clicks from me ever again. I'm glad the Koi incident made it on the list though. That showed perfectly how desperate the MSM got in portraying Trump as an idiot and thanks for making it really easy to debunk too.
It was just reported on Tucker Carlson.
They read the top five.
The list is reasonable, but the pomp and circumstance were over the top.
I guess he felt that would draw attention to the list.
But still although not a big deal, the award angle was a bit much for me.
Now, if President Trump will put some teeth behind that award (officially or unofficially...I don't care) the award will mean so much more. Everyone already knows that CNN is the #1 Trump-hating MSM. Vanity Fair and Slate are just as bad, but they're not MSM.
I think the russian collusion BS is soon coming to an end. Oh can't wait when they feed Fusion GPS to the wolves. It will be a slaughter fest. No matter what we throw at Trump It always backfires. That should be the new mantra of the other side.
I think would be interesting if the prize was to lose ones white house press credentials for a year.


text:
Nikołaj Kuźmicz Tupicyn (ros. Никола́й Кузьми́ч Тупи́цын, ur. 1910, zm. 1991) – radziecki dyplomata.

Życiorys
Był członkiem WKP(b), w 1937 ukończył studia na Uniwersytecie Tomskim, od 1944 pracownik Ludowego Komisariatu Spraw Zagranicznych ZSRR, 1955-1958 I sekretarz Ambasady ZSRR w Jugosławii. Od 1958 kierownik wydziału Ministerstwa Spraw Zagranicznych ZSRR, 1959 zastępca szefa Zarządu MSZ ZSRR, 1959-1963 ekspert-konsultant MSZ ZSRR, od 27 grudnia 1963 do 29 września 1966 ambasador nadzwyczajny i pełnomocny ZSRR na Islandii. Od sierpnia 1966 szef Zarządu Kadr MSZ ZSRR, od 8 lipca 1970 do 8 marca 1975 ambasador ZSRR w Kuwejcie.

Bibliografia
 Przewodnik po historii Partii Komunistycznej i ZSRR (ros.)
 http://www.proza.ru/2009/03/24/935 (ros.)

Ambasadorowie ZSRR
Urodzeni w 1910
Zmarli w 1991

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Takeo Kanade (Hyōgo, ) é um informático japonês.

Recebeu em 2008 o Prêmio Bower de Realização em Ciência. Recebeu em 2016 o Prêmio Kyoto.

Bibliografia

Ligações externas

Pesquisadores da visão computacional
Fellows da ACM
Cientistas da computação do Japão
Roboticistas do Japão
Alunos da Universidade de Quioto


Whether your goal is to compete, learn self-defense, lose weight and stay in great physical shape; we have something for everyone's goal; we will work with you to improve your physical well being and mental strength. If you think that boxing only requires the upper body to throw a punch then think again; this couldn't be further from the truth. To properly throw a punch you have to use your core, legs, hips, and arm to execute a great strike. Our boxing classes will help condition your body by improving your timing, footwork, blocking, balance, burn calories, improve upper body movement and striking effectiveness all in a challenging and fun atmosphere. Even if you never use your boxing skills in competition; just knowing how to use what you have learned in our classes to defend yourself if needed is an amazing feeling of confidence. Come check out a class today.


text:
Best Interests of the Child
All child custody decisions are focused on ensuring the best interests of the child are made.
Generally speaking, it's often in the child's best interests to have a loving relationship with both parents, but arranging such relationships can be the main challenge in resolving a child custody dispute.
There are circumstances when a court will take the view that it is in the child's best interests to no longer see one, or both, of their parents.
However, this is in a minority of cases and will usually only where there is a history of physical, sexual or psychological abuse.
The decisions you make now in relation to your child custody arrangement will affect your child's development and potentially your future relationship with them. Each decision should be made carefully with the help of professionals who know and understand the consequences of every action.
There are two tiers of considerations the Court will take into account.
These can be found under Section 60CC of the Family Law Act 1975 (Cth).
Paramount Considerations when determining the best interests
The Court has two primary considerations when determining what is in the best interests of the child.
The first is the benefit to the child of having a meaningful relationship with both parents
The second is the need to protect the child from psychological or physical harm from preventing exposure or subjection to abuse, neglect or family violence
The Court places greater weight on the second consideration, being the necessity to protect the child from harm.
Additional Considerations
The law in Australia also takes into consideration a whole range of factors when determining the best interests of the child.
Below is a list of points that a judge will look at:
The child's own views and how their maturity and level of understanding affects their view
The child's relationship with each parent, as well as other relevant family members such as grandparents or other relatives
The willingness and ability of each parent to foster an ongoing and close relationship between the child and the other parent
The likely effect of the change in circumstances on the child, including separation from the parents and/or relatives they are living with currently
The general maturity, lifestyle, sex and background of the child and other characteristics considered relevant to the case
The right of an Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander child to their culture and whether any proposed parenting orders would hinder this
Any family violence involving the child or a member of their family
The extent to which each parent has or has not previously fulfilled their parental responsibilities, such as whether they have:
Participated in long-term decisions regarding the child
Spent time with the child
Met their obligations to maintain the child, and
Facilitated the other parent's involvement in the child's life
It is clear that the 'best interests' of the child are different for each case. The Court will consider the circumstances of your separation in order to decide what is best for your child.
Family Dispute Resolution For The Child
It is a requirement that you attend Family Dispute Resolution (FDR) before you can bring an application to the Court for a Judge to make a decision about what the judge thinks is in the best interests of the child.
This is because the Courts want parents to make a genuine attempt to resolve their parenting issues prior to bringing an application to the Court as litigation can be extremely stressful.
The courts think that the parents of the child should be able to determine what is in the best interests of the child, and only if they cannot reach an agreement, the courts will hear both sides of the story and make a determination about the best interests of the child.
There are certain circumstances where you may be exempt from the requirement to attend FDR.
You should speak with your Lawyer about these exemptions.
Independent Children's Lawyer
The Family Law Act 1975 allows the Court to appoint an Independent Children's Lawyer (ICL) for the purposes of representing the best interests of the child during parenting proceedings.
The court can appoint an ICL on its own initiative if it believes one is necessary.
An application to appoint the ICL can also be made by the child, a party to the proceedings or by any other person.
The ICL's main duty is to provide an objective opinion about what decision would be in the best interests of the child.
They must remain unbiased when dealing with other parties in the proceedings. This means that they are not to favour either the mother or the father, but they must focus only on the child's best interests.
The ICL will be present at all court appearances and will be one of the lawyers appearing at the bench whilst your matter is being heard by a judge.


Wow check out this fabulous custom bungalow with fully finished basement on quiet crescent in Windsor Park. Stepping into the welcoming entry way of this beautiful home you are greeted by the vaulted ceiling, a welcoming gas fireplace and hardwood floors throughout the livingroom, diningroom and kitchen. The kitchen features cherry stained maple cabinets with granite countertops and an oversize island with breakfast bar. Also comes complete with stainless steel fridge, stove, and dishwasher. From the kitchen there is an exit to the zeroscaped back yard with private patio, gazebo, and artificial grass which is sure to impress. The masterbedroom has a great walk in closet and a 3 piece ensuite with large shower. Completing the main floor are 2 additional bedrooms and a 4 piece main bathroom. The basement is set up super smart with an extra large recreation room, a den (currently used as gaming room), additional bedroom, 3 piece bedroom and an additional bedroom. There is also a fabulous storage room and laundry room on this level. This home is an absolute pleasure to show. For more information please contact the listing agent.
I am interested in 2734 Alfred Crescent, Regina, SK.


We are seeking a Youth Advisory Delegate to represent Shenango Presbytery at the 221st General Assembly…June 14-21, 2014 in Detroit, MI. Applications will be taken online this year, and interviews will be conducted during the semester break. Deadline to apply is December 20, 2013.


text:
Embraced
Justine Vuylsteker
2018 | 5 min 24
Made using the Alexeïeff-Parker pinscreen
Best Classic Animation StyleLos Angeles Animation Festival- L.A.F.F. (2018)
Official SelectionAnnecy 2018
Official Selection - Canadian PanoramaOttawa International Animation Festival 2018
Competition - Short FilmsAnima Mundi International Animation Festival 2018
Standing before an open window, a woman gazes at black clouds darkening the horizon. She loves two men—the one who shares her present, and the one who marked her past. Frozen, she struggles against surging memories evoked by objects, the sky—everything. In the clouds, a passionately intertwined couple appears.
The first professional auteur short film by young French filmmaker Justine Vuylsteker, Embraced is a bittersweet visual poem that evokes fleeting sensations. With subtlety and sensuality, Vuylsteker reveals both the ruins of a relationship and traces of an intimate bond with an artistic process: the legendary pinscreen. Invented by Alexandre Alexeieff and Claire Parker (Night on Bald Mountain), this animation technique has an eminent pedigree that includes being put to use by great NFB filmmakers such as Norman McLaren, Jacques Drouin and Michèle Lemieux.
Embraced, a coproduction of Offshore (France) and the NFB, is the first film made with "The Épinette," owned by the Centre national du cinéma et de l'image animée (CNC) and the twin of the NFB's own pinscreen. Vuylsteker has used it to express the passion of love and the dizzying struggle between remembrance and oblivion.
INTERVIEW WITH FILMMAKER JUSTINE VUYLSTEKER
When did you first become interested in the pinscreen?
When I saw the film Night on Bald Mountain, which I discovered early on at school, it left a really, really strong impression on me. So when I had to do an assignment on a specific animation technique for a first-year class, of course I chose the pinscreen! But even knowing its history and all the theoretical details, I still couldn't figure out its workings. It remained very abstract! Some years later, when I saw the call for candidates for a pinscreen master class to be given by Michèle Lemieux, I put together an application right away. With Jean-Baptiste Garnero and Sophie Le Tétour of the Centre national du cinéma et de l'image animée, who are the two custodians of the Épinette (the French pinscreen), she chose eight filmmakers, and I was one of them.
How was it, learning the technique?
The master class was amazing. Michèle explained her vision of the pinscreen, but without ever imposing it on us. On the contrary, she encouraged us to make it our own. It was a very frustrating time, though, only three days—which meant each participant had very little "screen time" on their own. But I was at last able to grasp the connection between the images, the shadows, the light, the pins… The master class cleared up plenty of mysteries about the technique, and then it became obvious: I wanted to make a film with this material. Fortunately, we were then offered more time on the Épinette: each filmmaker was awarded a one-month development residency in Bois-d'Arcy, where the CNC archives are held. I was the first to jump at the opportunity!
Did you already have the basic idea for Embraced at that point?
I always keep a notebook with me, and take notes fairly compulsively, and already during the master class, I had written down this impression I had that the pinscreen was made to tell a love story. Because of how the tool embodies the dialogue between Alexeïeff and Parker, who worked together, one on each side of the screen—a man and a woman bound together by the tool they invented. It was like all I could see was this story of which the pinscreen was the fruit as well as the witness, and now continues to be the embodiment. I didn't have a title or definite project, but the thought process had begun. At that point I wondered whether I should go in with a specific idea, to get the most out of my month with the screen, or if it was better to leave my mind as blank as possible, to see where that would take me…
So you decided to go with improvisation?
Partly! In a creative process, my natural tendency is control rather than abandon, and it was very tempting to arrive extremely prepared, with a clear idea in mind—but I managed to resist! Showing up neutral, I felt all the impressions that had been there during the master class suddenly wash over me: the tug-of-war between past and present, the conflict between love and desire, the silent dialogue of a couple conveyed through an object—the screen for Alexeïeff and Parker, a cup of tea in Embraced. During that month in Bois-d'Arcy, I didn't do a single face: only bodies, clouds and a few movements. Then on the last day, when I had decided to simply clean the screen and reset it to black, a face appeared. And then another. It led to that twin portrait: a man and a woman. They crystallized everything that had gone before, lending form and a story to the impressions that I'd felt so strongly. The film was born at that moment.
How did you pursue the creative process after you no longer had access to the pinscreen?
After the residency, I took a year before doing any drawings for the film; all my work was in words. It seemed vital that I not erase the feelings I'd had working with the pinscreen. I wanted to hold on to what I had felt physically for as long as possible. If I had moved to another tool too fast, I think I might have lost the connection, somewhat, between subject and technique. Since there was no opportunity for me to go back (the other filmmakers each had their month-long residency as well), my construction and exploration were done through writing.
Writing seems to be a very important part of your approach. In addition to being a creator, you also write about the practice of animation filmmaking itself…
I'm very fond of literature, and I especially love reading authors who write about their craft. Fairly naturally, I wanted to read filmmakers or critics on the specifics of animation, but there's hardly anything out there! My desire to write came in part from that frustration. There's also the fact that public and critical discourse around animation is pretty disappointing, formulaic and not very relevant. I get the feeling that this inability to talk about it as specifically and with as much acuity as people do with live-action cinema comes from a feeling of not knowing how to talk about it. As if critics lack the keys or codes. They don't dare take on the subject of animation; they're often content to write about techniques, or admire the patience that's required, completely forgetting to address the poetics of this cinema. But every art form needs vibrant, engaged criticism to maintain a healthy dynamics of questioning that provides impetus and enables innovation. The discourse around animation simply has to mature. And if critics aren't able to tackle this imposing mountain that animation seems to represent, I think it's up to the creators to make a move toward them and give them potential footholds, by providing them with words. Hence the need to write and to publish.
After nurturing your thinking about the film in writing, were you able to go back to the pinscreen directly?
My first route back was drawing. I created a very long notebook, a single drawing without interruptions, so that I could hold onto a measure of improvisation, of the unexpected, when the time came to shoot. The pinscreen is a tool that pushes you: there's you and it, with no other intermediary. So you can afford yourself the possibility of improvising. The notebook was my form of preparation, because I can't conceive of improvisation without extreme preparation: it's only once you've perfectly assimilated the structure of the film that you can allow yourself to forget it. Because you know at that point that it will subconsciously guide all your choices and all your movements. With the notebook, I was able to set all my directions without actually deciding anything. And so many beautiful things happened during the actual shooting, when I was indeed able to let go, give up some control—that's when the rain and the mist came in; all those aspects related to the elements, which I hadn't written.
The result is a very open narrative, with more than one possible reading. Was this the case as early as the script stage?
It's quite funny, the way in which my character gained her independence by the end of shooting. When you're writing, you know a character's intentions… and afterward, the film ends, and you don't know any more! I'm really not sure any more if I know what happens for her. But the film that I wrote is the story of a love triangle. The two men belong to different eras, and the memory of her past relationship continues to pursue her in the present. But I'm really glad that the film allows for and triggers other interpretations, that viewers find enough room in it to project themselves into it and approach it differently. It was very important to me to create that space for freedom. Embraced is above all about the difficulty of being in the present. That state of being torn between memories and the present, of immobility, of apparent passivity although you're trying to resist, and that past that returns without you having any say over it… That might be the thing that unites all the possible interpretations.
Is Embraced a melancholic film?
I see melancholy as an escape into the past that's accepted—maintained, even—whereas in the film, she resists. She wants to be rooted in the present. Embraced seems to go beyond mere melancholy. There's renunciation as well, courage, a certain idea of fidelity… and a lot of dignity, I think, in all these characters. So, yes, there is melancholy in the film, but it's not only that. One of the things I love most about Embraced is that the film doesn't seem comfortable to me, that every assumption you make about this woman's story and her feelings leads to other ones. Why does she stay? Why does he stay? What keeps her from acting or forgetting? Why so much indecision? From the first reactions I got, it seems, to my great pleasure, that people don't come out of the film expressing any clear sentiment—and that fits quite nicely with the moment this character is going through, where nothing is obvious.
Embraced seems to be a deep dive into the process of memory and forgetting.
It's partly because of the pinscreen that I became aware of my interest in this question of memory. Surely because this tool seems to store inside it the memory of all the images created on its surface, and when you erase an image, it doesn't disappear, but is absorbed by the screen and joins the sum total of all the past images. Nothing really dies; it's there in the blackness of the shadows, not completely lost, but beyond our grasp, impalpable. In the screen's way of resisting us, of evading us, of rejecting our intentions even, there is something very close to the whims of our memory.
Your film also has this great sensuality, which seems to be directly connected to the technique you used.
The sensuality of the screen seems undeniable to me. Especially when you unveil its blank surface, when you disrobe it from its shadows, and you swear you can see skin. The tubes that hold the pins look uncannily like the pores of our skin… and when you heat up the screen to be able to manipulate it, the wax that holds the pins softens and is secreted by the tubes, like sweat. When you pull the pins slightly toward you, it's almost like goosebumps appearing. The pinscreen is definitely very sensual! And the Épinette more so, perhaps, than the NFB screen, because its surface bears imperfections that the restoration couldn't fix, like scars marking a body. And there's the work posture, requiring extreme proximity between the screen and the person manipulating it, which means they must engage in something like an embrace.
Before Embraced, you made the animated film Fish Don't Need Sex, which also depicts a union of bodies. Did you feel like you were making a series?
Yes, and it might end up a trilogy with my next film. To me, Fish is about the immediacy of that union, while Embraced shows the aftermath, the extension, the echoes of that moment even though it's ended. Embraced is immersed in a feminine awareness, and I think the next one will adopt a masculine point of view. I started writing it a few weeks ago; it doesn't have a clear trajectory yet, but I know I'll be working with paper again.
The Pinscreen: Description and Timeline
The pinscreen is a vertical screen with hundreds of thousands of perforations, each fitted with a retractable pin. Lit from the side, the pins cast shadows of varying lengths depending on how far they project out of the white screen. This grid of pins and shadows creates a grey-scale that ranges from black to white and is used to produce animated images with the look of engravings or charcoal drawings. The NFB's pinscreen, currently the world's only working model, consists of 240,000 pins in a 52 x 39 cm surface. Its slightly larger twin in France, dubbed the Épinette, has 277,000 pins extending over a 56.5 x 44 cm surface.
Artist and engraver Alexandre Alexeïeff creates a prototype "pinboard" to test his pinscreen concept.
Alexeïeff starts building his first pinscreen, an apparatus made up of 500,000 pins with which he hopes to be able to make animated engravings.
Backed financially by Claire Parker, a young American who had sought him out to learn about his engraving technique, Alexeïeff finishes building the first pinscreen.
Together, Alexeïeff and Parker use the pinscreen to create Night on Bald Mountain, their masterpiece.
Parker patents the pinscreen in Paris.
Living in Mount Vernon, New York, during the second World War, Alexeïeff and Parker build a pinscreen with 1,140,000 pins.
While in Mount Vernon, they make En passant for the NFB, which commissioned the film to illustrate a popular song.
The couple, now back in Paris, are visited by Norman McLaren who carries out a series of tests using the pinscreen; however, the tests lead to nothing further.
Alexeïeff and Parker make their second great work, The Nose, after the short story by Nikolai Gogol.
At McLaren's instigation, the NFB acquires a pinscreen with 240,000 pins. Alexeïeff and Parker come to Montreal to hold an introductory workshop on using the device; animators Ryan Larkin and Caroline Leaf are among those who attend. The workshop is filmed by McLaren and Grant Munro; the footage will later be part of the educational documentary Pinscreen.
Young filmmaker Jacques Drouin, who did not attend the Alexeïeff/Parker workshop, completes a first animated short using the pinscreen, Trois exercices sur l'écran d'épingles d'Alexeïeff.
Drouin completes Mindscape. The film is applauded by the animation community, winning numerous awards and gaining the filmmaker tributes from Alexeïeff and Parker.
Claire Parker dies.
Alexandre Alexeïeff dies.
Drouin and Bretislav Pojar complete Nightangel, which skilfully combines pinscreen animation with puppetry. As innovative as ever, Drouin also introduces colour to the pinscreen.
Drouin continues his artistic research with Imprints, in which he explores the screen's textures and contours.
At the request of the NFB, Drouin gives a workshop on the pinscreen technique. Among the filmmakers in attendance is Michèle Lemieux.
Lemieux completes Here and the Great Elsewhere.
Using the Épinette, Lemieux gives a three-day master class in pinscreen animation in Annecy. The workshop is followed by a month-long residency in Bois-d'Arcy, where the CNC maintains the Fonds Alexeïeff-Parker with the help of Jean-Baptiste Garnero and Sophie Le Tétour. Justine Vuylsteker is one of the eight participants.
Justine Vuylsteker spends time at the NFB and completes Étreintes, the first film made entirely on the Épinette.
The NFB and the Pinscreen
In 1944, the creators of the pinscreen—Alexandre Alexeïeff, a Russian-born artist living in France, and his wife Claire Parker, an American—made a short film for the NFB entitled En passant. Fast forward to 1961, when Norman McLaren, while visiting the couple on a trip to Paris, carried out a few tests using the apparatus. The tests led no further, but McLaren's admiration for Alexeïeff prompted the NFB to acquire its own pinscreen in 1972. known as NeC (for nouvel écran, "new screen") and made from 240,000 pins, this was the device on which animator Jacques Drouin would subsequently make all of his films, including Mindscape (1976). With Alexeïeff's death in 1982, the NFB's pinscreen became the world's only working model. After Drouin retired, the NFB asked him to give a master class to share his unique skills with other artists. It was there that Michèle Lemieux first encountered the ingenious device on which she was to create Here and the Great Elsewhere, which she competed in 2012. That same year, France's Centre national du cinéma et de l'image animée (CNC) acquired the Épinette, the last pinscreen owned by Alexeïeff and Parker, and tasked Michèle Lemieux with restoring it to working condition. Three years later, in Annecy, Lemieux gave her own pinscreen master class, this time using the newly restored Épinette. The master class was followed by a month-long residency in Bois-d'Arcy, where Jean-Baptiste Garnero and Sophie Le Tétour are entrusted with the conservation of the Fonds Alexeïeff-Parker. Young filmmaker Justine Vuylsteker, one of the participants, learned the pinscreen technique and completed Embraced—the first film made entirely on the Épinette—at the NFB in 2017.
Photo : Stéphan Ballard
The 23-year-old French animation filmmaker Justine Vuylsteker first encountered the work of inspiring animation pioneers such as Oskar Fischinger, Berthold Bartosch, Alexeïeff–Parker and others during her art training at ESAAT in Foubaix, France. After earning a degree in animation, she made the short film Paris (2015) using paper, sand and plants, part of the En sortant de l'école collection that pays tribute to French poet Robert Desnos.
The same year, she became acquainted with the pinscreen at a workshop given by Michèle Lemieux in Annecy. She continued her exploration with the support of Jean-Baptiste Garnero and Sophie Le Tétour, managers of the Alexeïeff–Parker fund at the CNC in Bois-d'Arcy. She developed her first professional auteur film, Embraced, during various residencies in France, and completed it at the NFB in December 2017. In addition to her work as a filmmaker, Justine posts occasional essays about animation and her creative process on the Web.
Rafael Andrea Soatto
Producer (Offshore)
After earning a degree in fine arts from the University of Picardie Jules Verne, Rafael Andrea Soatto started his career in cinema as a location scout. He went on to work as assistant producer in charge of the Champagne–Ardenne region film commission, and eventually became production manager. In September 2015, he joined the French production house Offshore, where he has thus far produced a feature documentary and several short films, including Justine Vuylsteker's Embraced, his first short. He is currently working with Vuylsteker on her next film.
Julie Roy
Julie Roy is the Executive Producer at the National Film Board of Canada's French Animation Studio. She has produced some 40 animated short films. Julie holds an MA in Film Studies from the Université de Montréal and has written extensively on women and animation. She has also served as a guest programmer at several film festivals.
Her recent productions include Patrick Bouchard's Le sujet (2018), Justine Vuylsteker's Embraced (2018), and Matthew Rankin's THE TESLA WORLD LIGHT (2017), which was selected to screen in competition in the Cannes Film Festival's illustrious Critics' Week program. Julie is the executive producer of Theodore Ushev's Blind Vaysha, which was nominated for the 2017 Oscar for Best Animated Short. In 2016, she co-produced Franck Dion's The Head Vanishes (Papy3D/NFB), winner of the prestigious Annecy International Animated Film Festival's highest honour, the Cristal Award.
She also produced Claude Cloutier's Carface (2015), Priit and Olga Pärn's Pilots on the Way Home (2014), Tali's Bus Story (2014), which received an honourable mention at Annecy, Franck Dion's Edmund Was a Donkey (2012), winner of the Special Jury Award at Annecy and some 30 international awards, Dominic Etienne Simard's Paula (2011), recipient of the Best Film Award at Interfilm Berlin, and Michèle Lemieux's Here and the Great Elsewhere (2012), which garnered the Grand Prize at the Cinanima festival in Espinho.
A firm believer in taking diverse approaches to filmmaking, Julie is currently developing a virtual reality project with Nicolas Brault and working with Chris Lavis and Maciek Szczerbowski (Madame Tutli Putli, 2007) on their next short film, tentatively titled La jeune fille qui pleurait des perles, which will use a hybrid technique that combines marionette animation, live action and computer-generated imagery. Her special interest in experimental animation led her to produce Quiet Zone (2015) by Karl Lemieux and David Bryant, Reflection (2013) by Sylvie Trouvé, and Mamori (2010) by Karl Lemieux, which won the Grand Prize at the 25 FPS Festival in Zagreb. She is also a producer in the animation sector of the NFB's Aide au cinéma indépendant program.
Script, Animation and Direction
Offline Editing
Annie Jean
Additional Animation
Gilles Cuvelier
Olivier Calvert (ONF/NFB)
Pierre Caillet
Éric Lacrouts
Guillaume Martigné
Bruno Marcil
Pierre Plouffe (ONF/NFB)
Technical Coordination – Animation
Yannick Grandmont (ONF/NFB)
Serge Verreault (ONF/NFB)
Mélanie Bouchard (ONF/NFB)
Foley Assistant
Thomas Garant
Jean-François Laprise (ONF/NFB)
Geoffrey Mitchell (ONF/NFB)
Jean Paul Vialard (ONF/NFB)
Production Coordination
Michèle Labelle (ONF/NFB)
Laëtitia Denis (Offshore)
Diane Régimbald (ONF/NFB)
Karine Desmeules (ONF/NFB)
Diane Ayotte (ONF/NFB)
Stéphanie Lalonde (ONF/NFB)
Geneviève Bérard ( ONF/NFB)
Assurance / Insurance
Martin Maurel
Ciclic – Région Centre-Val de Loire
This film received support through a residency at
Abbaye de Fontevraud
Rafael Andrea Soatto (Offshore)
Julie Roy (ONF/NFB)
Fabrice Préel-Cléach (Offshore)
Emmanuelle Latourrette (Offshore)
Co-produced by
and the National Film Board of Canada
Offshore is a member of Syndicat des producteurs indépendants et d'UniFrance
visa no 146 350
© 2018 Offshore – National Film Board of Canada
To create this film, Justine Vuylsteker took part in an artist residency on creating and developing pinscreen projects, organized by the CNC at it Bois d'Arcy location.
The images in this film were made using the Alexeïeff-Parker pinscreen at the National Center for Cinema and Animated Image, which was made available free of charge.


Interacting with computers and devices is becoming more and more transparent. Like, literally.
In recent years, there's been quite the paradigm shift regarding the way we interact with computers and devices. Rather than humans having to learn how to operate devices, devices themselves are now adopting human behavior. I still remember the olden days, back when MS-DOS was still a thing and required some elaborate manoeuvring if you wanted to get something done. In my case, it was usually just to format the hard drive after having bricked the whole system again by downloading some shady files, thinking they were innocent video game demos. I was just a little whippersnapper back then, we all need to learn somehow. The point is, if you didn't know the right commands, you weren't going anywhere fast.
We've definitely come a long way since then. Interacting with computers has become a much smoother experience. We went from having to type entire text commands in a terminal, to tapping and swiping on a touch-sensitive screen, to literally talking to our devices. Even our trusty input devices, the ol' keyboard and mouse, are starting to feel old and clunky compared to the emerging voice-controlled assistants and the onset of brain-computer interfaces, just to name a few examples. Having said that, it seems like we're on the brink of yet another major disruption. We're moving away from conventional interface design where we have to manually input commands to extract the information we need, or complete the actions we want to take. We want to forget about the whole thing altogether, and therefore have our choices made for us instead, or at least to an extent. Hence the title; the interface of the future is no interface at all.
That sounded rather spicy, so allow me to elaborate. For one, I think we can all agree that technology has indeed made our lives more convenient, right? We can or want to automate just about everything. You've got all the information and knowledge in the world at your fingertips, as well as access to pretty much everything and everyone at all times; it's kind of insane when you really think about it. But, as with every coin, there's a flipside. This flood of information and possibilities comes with a nearly unimaginable array of choices we, as human operators, have to make, which can be overwhelming for sure.
In case you're still wondering, choice fatigue is very real. On average, we make thousands of decisions on a daily basis, however big or small. The more decisions we need to make, the lesser our ability to make effective choices altogether. In the realm of digital products, I reckon we still have more or less the same set of intents as before, but lately, the different opportunities to fulfill said intents, has increased tremendously. Users are given more and more control, essentially eliminating all sorts of middlemen from our economy, but this trend has progressed to the point that we, ourselves, are becoming the middlemen in our own lives. So, the next logical step would be to try and automate the decision-making process.
So how would one go about doing that? At its core, we just want to make our lives more simple, and save time by doing so. One way to achieve this is by granting devices the power to make decisions on our behalf. Obviously we're not talking about AI-powered surrogate moms that dictate how we should live our lives; it's got more to do with machine learning. It's called anticipatory design, and it's cool as heck.
The idea is simple: automate decision-making on behalf of the user, based on previously observed behavior. It's forecasting, essentially. Here at Bothrs, it's hard for us not to get excited by what the cool kids are now calling ambient computing. Artificial intelligence, agents, sensors and devices all putting the Internet of Things to work. It's anticipatory design put in practice. Take Google Nest for instance. An internet-powered thermostat that automatically adjusts room temperature based on previous prior choices made by the user. Over time, you never have to think about your thermostat ever again, because it already knows what temperature you want to set it at.
What else is there that could facilitate the decision-making process, or alleviate us from that dreadful choice fatigue? Remember when I said how devices are starting to adopt human behavior? That's right, in case you missed it, conversational technology is poppin' off right now. From voice-controlled assistants to intricate chatbots, the future will most likely be conversational, for a number of reasons. For one, it takes away the need of an expansive user interface. This is especially true when we're dealing with voice control. Imagine it's late, you're hungry and you're wondering if your favorite pizza place is still open. Traditionally, you'd whip out your phone and enter a query in Google, which will show you a content card of sorts with all the business hours on it, leaving you to decide whether it's actually open or not. But what you're really looking for was a more straightforward answer. "Yeah, it's still open right now�, is what you wanted to hear. And that precisely where voice assistants and chatbots come in. You ask a direct question and you get the answer you want. Nothing less, but especially nothing more either. It's called efficiency, people!
From a business perspective, both anticipatory as well as conversation design basically tie into another layer of hyper-personalization. Our eyes are getting assaulted with information, adverts and stories by companies, and brands are losing their staying power in our consideration sets as a direct result. In other words, cutting through the noise has never been easier yet more difficult at the same time for companies. So it makes perfect sense that companies, too, are now embracing this 'new' way of communicating with potential customers and relaying information to them by means of instant messaging and AI-assisted chatbots.
A while back, the team of designers and developers at Bothrs built an embedded application that did just that; we called it the Dreambuddy. Retailer Dreamland was looking to up their conversion rate over the past holiday season, so we put together and AI-powered bot that was able to suggest a selection of gifts to the user, based on previously gathered information. The design is anticipatory in the sense that the users don't have to browse through the entire Dreamland catalog themselves, but rather have a selection made for them, based on a small survey they had to fill in prior to that; in this case, some basic details about the person the gift is supposed to be for. It's conversational in the sense that, well, it's built to look like a chatbot. It turned out to be a success, because finding the right gift can indeed be bothersome; I think we've all been there. Dreamland's massive product catalog is a little overwhelming, to be sure, and this was a good attempt at alleviating some decision-making hurdles.
Bundle forces and let's create impactful experiences together!


text:
Maryland And Marijuana Pt. 1
Melissa Sherrard
While the use of marijuana is not currently legal in Maryland, the state officially decriminalized the act in 2014, making a large stride in the right direction. Many individuals confuse decriminalization and legalization, often using the two terms synonymously when in actuality this is not correct.
The decriminalization of marijuana in Maryland means that while possessing and consuming cannabis is still illegal, criminal penalties are no longer enforced by the state. The state currently views the possession of small amounts of cannabis as an offense punishable by a civil fine up to $500. The dispensing and selling without a permit continues to be a felony and can result in a minimum of 20 years imprisonment. While the bill to decriminalize marijuana was passed in 2014, it's slow roll to action only really came into effect in August 2016.
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Several attempts have been set into action in the attempt to reverse the decriminalization of marijuana in Maryland, returning the act to a criminal offense for smoking marijuana in public or in a parked car. Fortunately, Senate Judicial Proceedings Chair Bobby Zirking refused to pass the bills, and they died in committee.
While the general use of marijuana is not legal in Maryland, it's medical use has been legalized this April 2014. House Bill 881 enabled Maryland patients to obtain legal medical cannabis from Maryland-licenses dispensaries. Patients are legally allowed to possess a "30-day supply" at any given time. Patients must have a qualifying condition that has been outlined by the department of health services and/or department of justice in order to become a receive a legal medical marijuana card.
Currently, the Maryland medical marijuana laws are in the process of changing so it is important to regularly check in with current state laws prior to purchasing medical marijuana. If you have been given a medical marijuana card it's important to ensure that any dispensaries you purchase marijuana from are also authorized by the state.
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Q: JavaScript exceptions does not go back from chrome to Visual Studio 2017 I am developing an ASP.NET projekt (ASPX/HTML/JS) with VS2017 + chrome.
Hitting the breakpoints works with chrome, but JS exceptions does not get back to VS.
Of course I keep the chrome dev window closed. After a JS error, I can open it, and see the exception message.
With IE debugging goes fine.
All the softwares (browsers, VS, Win10) are up to date.
Can I catch JS exceptions in VS2017 from chrome? (or is it only possible with IE?)
Or else what am I doing wrong?
Any help appreciated.

A: According to the blog you provided in comments, Visual Studio 2017 support Javascript debug. It could let you add breakpoints in your Javascript code and when you debug your application, the breakpoints will be hit.
I also tested the Javascript exception, it only go back when use IE. In Chrome, it will not go back to Visual Studio.
I have submit this issue to Visual Studio Developer Community. You could vote and add comments from below link.
https://developercommunity.visualstudio.com/content/problem/125436/javascript-exceptions-does-not-go-back-from-chrome.html

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


The wolf is the primeval wild dog, the largest wild canid, long a hunter alongside people, and ancestor of our most faithful domestic companion. Wolves vary widely in appearance. Their fur is thick and usually grey, but can vary from nearly pure white, red, or brown to black.
Adult females 4.5 to 6 ft, adult males 5 to 6.5 ft.
Weight: 16-60 kg (it's possible for a wolf to weigh more than 90 kg!) 50-100 pounds.
The average for adult males is 75 pounds, and the average for adult females is 60 pounds. Males generally weigh about 20 percent more than females .
Age at sexual maturity: 22-46 months, occasionally 10 months; female wolves become sexually mature at 2 years old and males become sexual mature at 3 years old.
The Evolutionary history of the wolf is not totally clear, but many biologists believe that the wolf developed from primitive carnivores known as miacids. Miacids ranged from gopher-sized to dog-sized animals, and appeared in the Lower Tertiary about 52 million years ago. Miacids in turn had evolved from Cretaceous insectivores. The direct descendants of miacids today are animals called viverrids, which include the genet of Africa.
Relatively late in the evolutionary history of miacids came the appearance of the first canid (Cynodictis). One of these was called the dawn-wolf. This creature had a long body and looked like an elongated fox; it could live and climb in trees; it was also thought to be related to feline species. Some authorities believe that canids originated in North America and then spread to Asia and South America, while others ascribe that a small type of wolf crossed into Siberia from Alaska, where it eventually developed into the larger, present-day grey wolf. The grey wolf then migrated to North America, where it populated what are now Canada and the United States, except for the southeastern section of the latter country. That area was populated by the smaller red wolf (C. rufus, which may be a result of the hybridization of grey wolves and coyotes). Still Others believe that the dog family originated in North America, migrated to Asia, and then returned.
Wolf ancestors began to develop in the Paleocene, about 60 million years ago. By the Miocene, about 20 million years ago, canines and felines had branched into two separate families. In one wolf ancestor, Tomarctus, the fifth toe on the hind leg became vestigial and is evidenced today by the dew claw on both wolves and dogs.
Research of wolf history by Robert Wayne at the University of California suggests that a number of wolf-like canids diverged from a common ancestor about 2-3 million years ago. The first grey wolf, Canis lupus, probably appeared in Eurasia sometime in the early Pleistocene period, about 1 million years ago. Around 750,000 years ago, it is thought to have migrated to North America.
The Dire Wolf, Canis dirus, larger and heavier than the grey wolf, evolved earlier and the two co-existed in North America for about 400,000 years. As prey became extinct around 16,000 years ago due to climatic change, the dire wolf gradually became extinct itself. Around 7,000 years ago the grey wolf became the prime canine predator in North America.
The dire wolf was about 1.5 meters (5 feet) long and weighed about 50 kilograms (110 pounds) on average. The dire wolf looked fairly similar to the modern grey wolf; however, there were several important differences. The dire wolf had a larger, broader head and shorter, sturdier legs than its modern relative. The teeth of the dire wolf are much larger and more massive than those of the grey wolf. The braincase of the dire wolf is also smaller than that of a similarly-sized grey wolf. The fact that the lower part of the legs of the dire wolf are proportionally shorter than those of the grey wolf, indicates that the dire wolf was probably not a good a runner as the grey wolf.
Many paleontologists think that the dire wolf may have used its relatively large, massive teeth to crush bone. This idea is supported by the fact that dire wolf teeth frequently have large amounts of wear on their crowns. Several people have suggested that dire wolves may have made their living in similar ways to the modern hyenas. Wolves and coyotes are relatively common large carnivores found in Ice Age sites. In fact, several thousand dire wolves have been found in the asphalt pits at Rancho La Brea in Los Angeles, CA. The coyote, grey wolf, and dire wolf have all been found in paleontological sites in the Midwestern U.S.
The first specimen of a dire wolf was found at near Evansville, Indiana. Clark Kimberling of the University of Evansville has traced the very interesting history of this specimen.
The genus Canis underwent a mixed fate at the end of the Pleistocene. The grey wolf (C. lupus) and coyote (C. latrans) survived the extinction that occurred approximately 10,000 years ago. The dire wolf, however, was one of the animals that did not survive. Perhaps the dire wolf depended on scavenging the remains of the large herbivores of the last Ice Age. The extinction of these herbivores may have then led to the extinction of the dire wolf. Scientists do not know if this is the case; however, they continue to search for the reason that many kinds of mammals went extinct about 10,000 years ago.
The evolution of these three species of canids is very interesting. Paleontologists think that, although all three of the species were found in the same area at the same time, each comes from a different evolutionary lineage within the genus Canis. That is, none of these three species is the direct ancestor of either of the other two species.
The grey wolf was well was established in North America by the time the first Native American and Inuit Peoples came across the Beringia, about 18,000 years ago.
The evolution of the domestic dog (C. familiaris) is still a matter of much debate. Some believe that the dog is descended from the wolf, while others think they are evolved separately from a common ancestor. Recently the American Society of Mammologists recommended that the domestic dog be reclassified as a new subspecies of wolf, Canis lupus familiaris. There is genetic evidence that the dog is descendent from the wolf, and that the domestication of the dog took place several times over the course of history.
Wolves arose in the middle of the great Ice Age about 1 million years ago from a lineage of smaller dog-like forms native to Eurasia. They spread to North America across the Bering land bridge early in the Ice Age when it was bared by falling sea levels, and renewed contact with the American population each time the bridge re-emerged. As a result, Asian and American populations have not evolved separately for long enough to become distinct species. Wolves once occupied a vast array of habitats well into the temperate and even subtropical and desert areas. Now, however, they are generally rare or absent except in northern forests and arctic tundra.
Wolves lead a complex social life. They form groups called "packs," which are typically composed of a dominant mated pair ("The Alpha Pair"), their offspring, and an assortment of other adults, often with some genetic relationship to the "first family." In May or June the dominant female bears a litter of up to ten pups in a den in some secluded location. Life in summer centers around this den site, and later, a "rendezvous" site. The whole group assists in the upbringing, helping to feed the mother and young with prey from the hunt, acting as "nursemaids" when the mother herself goes hunting, and guarding the area from predators like grizzly bears. By fall the pups are able to roam freely and the group may become more nomadic.
The life of the pack is finely tuned to the hunt. When moose or caribou are abundant, wolves live in larger groups to enable pack hunting. A pack uses a distinct territory, which it defends against other wolves. During winter wolves may travel long distances, especially when the main prey is a migratory species such as caribou. Many other foods will be utilized if available, such as moose, mountain sheep, marmots, ground squirrels, hares, mice and even spawning salmon.
Wolves have three methods of communicating with each other. The first is sound. Wolves are generally known for howling, but wolves will also growl, squeal, whine, and gruff. Whimpering and whining conveys friendly intentions, while growling is considered an aggressive noise. When wolves howl each individual within the pack sings a different note, which makes a pack of 4-8 sound like a pack of 10-12 individuals. Wolves howl for many reasons, some of them being that it reinforces pack unity and territorial claims.
The second way wolves communicate is with scent. Most packs will urine mark the boundaries of their territory; this is also an important form of communication during breeding season, because it affirms an individual's breeding status. The third way wolves communicate is with body posture, they do this by using their eyes, ears, mouths and tails to send and receive messages. For example a threatening gesture would be a direct stare, and if the other wolf is submissive it will divert its gaze. The breeding pair in the pack holds their tails higher than the other individuals, and when submissive individuals approach the breeding pair they hold their tails down.
Wolves and people evolved in Ice Age Eurasia and spread throughout a large part of the world in each other's company. Hard times must have occasionally thrown them into severe competition, but the wolf human relationship was governed by mutual tolerance and respect. This changed when humans assumed pastoral and agricultural life-styles and began campaigns to exterminate their old competitor to make the world safe for large numbers of domestic animals, or to divert the wolf's share of wild meat to an ever- increasing human population. The result has been the elimination of wolves almost everywhere that people dominate the land.
In today's increasingly crowded world, wolves are valued as a symbol of wilderness, and of ecosystems healthy enough to support large predators. People in regions with wolf populations are coming to recognize a special responsibility toward these creatures. Along with new appreciation has come disagreement about wildlife management practices for wolves. Some hold that no wolves should be trapped or hunted. Others emphasize traditional use by rural people of both wolves and their ungulate prey (caribou, moose, etc.). Yet others, recognizing the pressure that wolves can put on prey populations, argue for deliberate reductions of wolf populations under some circumstances. And the need of reindeer herders to protect their herds remains a dilemma for wolf management. The State of Alaska recently convened a wolf management planning team representing the wide diversity of opinion. The team found that wolves must be considered in the context of the entire ecosystem, recognizing the interconnectedness of wildlife users, prey, predators and habitat.
Wolves depend on large tracts of habitat and substantial populations of their principle prey species; moose, caribou and mountain sheep. All these are threatened by human population growth, development, habitat conversion and fragmentation and over-hunting. Wolves must also be protected from mechanized harassment, and even from disease and genetic alteration through breeding with dogs if they are to survive in the wild. It stands to reason that all human uses of wolf habitat must balance the needs of wolves and people. For instance, when wolf populations decline drastically because of low prey availability, human hunting of the prey stocks should be curtailed.
On the other hand, temporarily reducing wolf populations might sometimes be desirable to allow depressed prey populations to rebound. Modern reindeer husbandry conflicts with healthy wolf populations. Consequently, populations of wolves are low in central Beringia. For example, in 1989 the number of wolves on the Seward Peninsula was estimated at only 50 to 150 individuals. In Chukotka recent decades have seen an official policy of shooting wolves from helicopters to protect reindeer herds, but there seems to be a shift away from this policy.
It is said that in olden time's wolves and people worked out a balance, with wolves taking what they needed from the herds, and Chukchis hunting only individual wolves that had become wasteful killers. Is it possible that such balances as these can be re-established, not only in reindeer husbandry but all human endeavors, so that the song of the wolf will always be heard in Beringia?
Wolves are distributed across the northern portion of both continents and more sporadically to the southward. They can be found throughout Beringian except for many islands. Six thousand individuals have been estimated to inhabit Alaska at densities varying from 39 individuals per 1,000 square kilometers in richer, more southerly habitats, to 6 per 1,000 square kilometers in coastal and northern tundra. A study of wolves in the remote Anadyr highlands of Russian Beringia determined an intermediate density: about 10 wolves per 1,000 square kilometers.
Alaska: Subspecies: ligoni, pambasileus, tundrarum, alces. Status: fully viable, numbering approximately 6,000. Range occupied. 100%. Main prey: moose, caribou, sheep, deer, beaver, and goal Legal status: animals are hunted and trapped in limited seasons with bag limits. Some control work, enforcement active.
British Columbia, Yukon: Subspecies: crassodon, fuscus, columbianus, mackenzii, occidentalis, tundrarum, ligoni, irremotus. Status: fully viable, numbering approximately 8,000. Range occupied: 80%. Main prey: moose, caribou, sheep, deer, beaver, goat, elk. Legal status: game species, furbearer (BC), no closed season.
Northwest Territories: Subspecies: arctos, bernardi, columbianus, griseoalbus, hudsonicus, mackenzii, nubilus, occidentalis, pambasileus. Status: fully viable, numbering 5,000-15,000. Range occupied: 100%. Main prey: moose caribou, sheep, deer, beaver, goat. Legal status: forbearer.
Alberta: Subspecies: occidentalis, griseoalbus, irremotus, nubilus. Status: fully viable, numbering approximately 4,000. Range occupied: 80%. Main prey: moose, caribou, sheep, deer, beaver, goat, elk, bison. Legal status: furbearer.
Saskatchewan, Manitoba: Subspecies: hudsonicus, griseoalbus, irremotus, nubilis. Status: fully viable, number unknown. Range occupied: 70%. Main prey: moose, elk, deer, beaver, bison, caribou. Legal status: furbearer.
Ontario, Quebec: Subspecies: lycaon, hudsonicus, labradorius. Status: fully viable, number <10,000. Range occupied: 80%. Main prey: moose, deer, caribou, beaver. Legal status: furbearer.
Newfoundland (the island): Subspecies: beothucus, extinct since 1911.
Labrador: Subspecies: labradorius. Status: fully viable, number unknown. Range occupied: 95 %. Main prey: moose, caribou, beaver, musk ox, hares. Legal status: furbearer.
Minnesota: Subspecies: lycaon. Status: viable, numbering approximately 1,200. Range occupied: 30%. Main prey: deer, moose, beaver. Legal status: full protection. Cause of decline: persecution, habitat destruction.
Michigan and Wisconsin: Subspecies: lycaon. Status: lingering, 35 individuals. Highly endangered. Range occupied: 10%. Main prey: deer, beaver, moose. Legal status: full protection. Cause of decline: persecution, habitat destruction.
Northwestern United States: Subspecies: irremotus. Status: slowly recolonizing, 30 individuals. Highly endangered. Range occupied: 5%. Main prey: deer, elk, moose, sheep, goats, beaver. Legal status: full protection. Cause of decline: persecution, habitat destruction.
Southwestern United States: Subspecies: baileyi. Status: extinct. Range occupied: nil. Main prey: deer, livestock. Legal status: full protection. Cause of decline: persecution, habitat destruction.
Mexico: Subspecies: baileyi. Status: lone wolves or pairs, <10 individuals. Highly endangered. Range occupied: <10%. Main prey: livestock. Legal status: unenforced full protection. Cause of decline: persecution, habitat destruction.
Sweden/Norway: Subspecies: lupus. Status: lone wolves or pairs, <10 individuals. Highly endangered. Range occupied: <10%. Main prey: moose, reindeer, livestock. Legal status: Full protection. Cause of decline: persecution.
Finland: Subspecies: lupus. Status: lingering, probably only lone wolves or pairs, <100 individuals. Endangered. Range occupied: < 10%. Legal status: no protection (north), game status (east), protected (south). Main Prey: moose, reindeer, . white-tailed deer, livestock. Cause of decline: persecution.
Greenland: Subspecies: Orion. Status: lingering, 50? individuals. Threatened. Range occupied: unknown. Main prey: musk-ox, caribou. Legal status: unknown. Cause of decline: persecution.
Turkey: Subspecies: lupus, allies. Status: Viable, but in decline. Unknown number of individuals. Range occupied: unknown. Main prey: livestock, unknown. Legal status: no protection.
Syria: Subspecies: lupus, pallipes. Status: lingering, low population density, 200-500 individuals. Highly threatened. Range occupied: 10%. Main prey: livestock, carrion, small wildlife. Legal status: no protection. Cause of decline: persecution.
Jordan: Subspecies: unknown. Status: lingering, low population density, 200? individuals. Highly threatened. Range occupied: 90%. Legal status: no protection. Main prey: unknown. Cause of decline: persecution.
Israel: Subspecies: pallipes, arabs. Status: lingering, low population density, 100-150 individuals. Highly threatened. Range occupied: 60%. Main prey: hares, livestock, carrion. Legal status: full protection. Cause of decline: habitat destruction, persecution.
Egypt (Sinai): Subspecies: arabs. Status: 30 individuals. Highly endangered. Range occupied: 90%. Main prey: hares, livestock. Legal status: no protection. Cause of decline: persecution.
Lebanon: Subspecies: unknown. Status: lone wolves or pairs, >10 individuals. Highly endangered. Range occupied: unknown. Main prey: garbage, carrion. Legal status: no Protection. Cause of decline: persecution.
Arabian peninsula: Subspecies: pallipes, arabs. Status: in decline, <300 individuals. Range occupied: 90%. Main prey: garbage, carrion, livestock. Legal status: no protection. Cause of decline: persecution.
Iran: Subspecies: pallipes, campestris. Status: fully viable, numbering >1000. Range occupied: 80%. Main prey: gazelle, mountain sheep, livestock, wild boar, deer, Capra sp. Legal status: Game species. Cause of decline: persecution.
Iraq: Subspecies: unknown. Status: unknown. Range occupied: unknown. Main prey: unknown. Legal status: unknown. Cause of decline: unknown.
Afghanistan: Subspecies: pallipes, chanco. Status: viable, suspected decline, 1,000? individuals. Range occupied: 90%. Main prey: unknown. Legal status: unknown. Cause of decline: unknown.
Pakistan: Subspecies: pallipes, campestris. Status: unknown. Range occupied: unknown. Main prey: unknown. Legal status: unknown. Cause of decline: unknown.
Bhutan: Subspecies: chanco. Status: unknown. Range occupied: unknown. Main prey: unknown. Legal status: protected. Cause of decline: unknown.
Nepal: Subspecies: chanco. Status: unknown. Range occupied: unknown. Main prey: unknown. Leg status: unknown. Cause of decline: unknown.
India: Subspecies: pallipes. Status: lingering, probably only lone wolves or pairs, 1,000-2,000 individuals. Endangered. Range occupied: 20%. Main prey: livestock, hare, deer, antelope. Legal status: unenforced full protection. Cause of decline: decreasing prey, persecution.
Mongolia: Subspecies: chanco. Status: viable, possible decline, > 10,000 individuals. Range occupied: 100%. Main prey: livestock, saiga. Legal status: extermination efforts active.
China: Subspecies: chanco. Status: extermination efforts active, population numbers unknown. Range occupied: 20%. Main prey: saiga, other ungulates, livestock. Legal status: unknown. Cause of decline: persecution, habitat destruction.
U.S.S.R. (Europe): Subspecies: lupus, albus, campestris, chanco. Status: fully viable, numbering approximately 20,000. Range occupied: 60%. Main prey: ungulates, livestock. Legal status: reduction and control even in nature reserves. Cause of decline: persecution, habitat destruction.
U.S.S.R. (Asia): Subspecies: lupus, albus, campestris, chanco. Status: fully viable, numbering approximately 50,000. Range occupied: 75%. Main prey: ungulates and livestock. Legal status: reduction and control even in nature reserves. Cause of decline: persecution, habitat destruction.
Poland: Subspecies: lupus, campestris. Status: fully viable, numbering approximately 900. Range occupied: 90%. Main prey: (moose), roe deer, red deer, wild boar, mufflon. Legal status: partial protection. Cause of decline: persecution, habitat destruction.
Czechoslovakia: Subspecies: lupus. Status: steep decline/ lingering, 100? Individuals. Highly threatened or endangered. Range occupied: 10%. Main prey: roe deer, red deer, wild boar, mufflon. Legal status: no protection. Cause of decline: persecution, habitat destruction.
Romania: Subspecies: lupus. Status: decline, 2,000? individuals. Range occupied: 20%. Main prey: roe deer, red deer, wild boar, mufflon. Legal status: no protection. Cause of decline: persecution, habitat destruction.
Bulgaria: Subspecies: lupus. Status: lingering, low population density, 100? individuals. Highly threatened. Range occupied: unknown. Legal status: no protection. Main prey: (moose) roe deer, red deer, wild boar, mufflon. Cause of decline: persecution, habitat destruction.
Greece: Subspecies: lupus. Status: Viable, but in decline, >500 individuals. Range occupied: 60%. Main prey: deer, wild boar, chamois, livestock. Legal status: partial protection. Cause of decline: persecution, habitat destruction.
Yugoslavia: Subspecies: lupus. Status: steep decline, approximately 2,000 individuals. Range occupied: 55 %. Main prey: deer, wild boar, chamois, livestock. Legal status: partial protection. Cause of decline: persecution, habitat destruction.
Albania: Subspecies: lupus. Status: unknown. Range occupied: unknown. Main prey: unknown. Legal status: unknown. Cause of decline: unknown.
Hungary: Subspecies: lupus. Status: extinct. Range occupied: nil. Main prey: unknown. Legal status: protected. Cause of decline: unknown.
Italy: Subspecies: lupus. Status: lingering, low population density, 250 individuals (Boitani 1987). Highly threatened. Range occupied: 10%. Main prey: garbage, livestock. Legal status: full protection. Cause of decline: persecution, habitat destruction, prey extermination.
Spain: Subspecies: signatus, (lupus). Status: lingering, low population density, 500-1,000 individuals. Threatened. Range occupied: 10%. Main prey: livestock, roe deer, wild boar. Legal status: partial protection. Cause of decline: persecution, habitat destruction.
Portugal: Subspecies: signatus, (lupus). Status: lingering, low population density, 150 individuals. Highly threatened. Range occupied: 20%. Main prey: livestock, roe deer, wild boar. Legal status: partial protection. Cause of decline: persecution, habitat destruction.
Central Europe: Subspecies: (lupus). Status: Extinct. Range occupied: nil. Main prey: livestock, red deer, roe deer, chamois, wild boar. Legal status: no protection. Cause of decline: persecution, habitat destruction.
X - Canis lupus alces the Kenai Peninsula wolf; one of the largest of North American wolves; extinct by 1925.
Canis lupus arctos the white wolf of the high arctic, found from Melville Island to Ellesmere Island.
Canis lupus baileyi the smallest north American grey wolf, originally found from Mexico to the south west United States; according to many authorities, indistinguishable from Canis lupus mogollonensis and Canis lupus monstrabilis. The Mexican wolf's range originally extended from northern Mexico into the mountainous parts of Arizona, New Mexico and Texas. The most endangered wolf subspecies, the Mexican wolf is extinct in the wild in the United States -- and, scientists say, probably in Mexico as well. A small captive population exists in the United States.
X - Canis lupus beothucus the Newfoundland wolf, now extinct; reported almost pure white.
X - Canis lupus bernardis limited to Banks and Victoria Islands in the arctic, described as white and black-tipped hair along the spinal ridge; not recognized as a subspecies until 1943; extinct sometime between 1918 and 1952.
Canis lupus columbianus a large wolf found in the Yukon, British Columbia, and Alberta.
Canis lupus crassodon a medium-size, greyish wolf found on Vancouver Island.
X - Canis lupus fuscus a brownish-colored wolf from the Cascade Mountains; extinct by 1940.
Canis lupus hudsonicus a light-coloured wolf found in northern Manitoba and the Northwest Territories.
Canis lupus griseoalbus a large wolf found in north Alberta, Saskatchewan, and Manitoba.
Canis lupus irremotus a medium-sized, light-coloured wolf from the Rocky Mountains.
Canis lupus labradorius the wolf of Labrador and northern Quebec.
Canis lupus ligoni a small, dark-colored wolf from the Alexander Archipelago in the arctic islands.
Canis lupus lycaon The eastern timber wolf of Canada and the United States; it originally had the largest range of all of North American subspecies; the first subspecies to be recognized in North America (1775).
Canis lupus mackenzii the Northwest Territories wolf; not recognized as a subspecies until 1943.
Canis lupus manningi the smallest arctic wolf, found on Baffin Island; either white or light-coloured; not recognized as a subspecies until 1943.
X - Canis lupus mogollonensis a medium-sized wolf found in Arizona and New Mexico; extinct by 1935.
X - Canis lupus monstrabilis a wolf found in Texas and New Mexico; extinct by 1942.
X - Canis lupus nubilus the Great Plains or "buffalo" wolf; extinct by 1926; usually light in color. The "Buffalo Wolf", or the "Loafer" was originally the wolf subspecies known as Canis lupus nubilus which inhabited the Great Plains area of North America. Currently suggested revisions to wolf taxonomy, by Ron Nowak, are based less on geographical area and more on the determination of genetically distinct races or subspecies. The proposed revisions include most of the previously defined subspecies of grey wolves in North America as Canis Lupus Nubilus including the subspecies beothucus, crassodon, fuscus, udsonicus, irremotus, labradorius, lycaon (west of Michigan), ligoni, manningi, mogollonensis, monstrabilis, and youngi. Still, opinions on these classifications are not unanimous.
Canis lupus occidentalis a large wolf from Western Canada, also called the Mackenzie Valley Wolf.
Canis lupus orion a white or very light-coloured wolf from Greenland.
Canis lupus pambasileus A dark colored wolf from Alaska and the Yukon.
Canis lupus tundrarum the arctic tundra wolf; light in color.
X - Canis lupus youngi the Southern Rocky Mountain wolf; extinct by 1935; light buff color.
Canis rufus: A reclusive animal that weighs between 16-40 kg (40-80 lbs), the red wolf is generally a night hunter and travels in groups of two or three. Scientists are in disagreement over the origins of the red wolf. Some insist it is a genetically distinct species; some assert that it is a subspecies of grey wolf; others theorize that it is a hybrid of grey wolves and coyotes.


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Robinzine is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Bill Robinzine (1953–1982), American basketball player
Kevin Robinzine (born 1966), American sprinter


Bendix Heavy Duty - is a premium Semi-Metallic compound that is designed to offer good performance, excellent durability and good fade resistance. Ideal for hard-working vehicles that drive in heavy city traffic, carry heavy loads, tow regularly or frequently drive in sandy/muddy conditions. The pads feature an insulation layer between the friction material and the backing plate that reduces heat transfer to the caliper and brake fluid under heavy braking. Also featured is a unique titanium layer on the surface of the friction material that raises the friction level for the first 50-100km's after fitment hereby improving confidence and safety during the bed-in process. Bendix Heavy Duty offers excellent wear life lasting up to twice as long as many original equipment or aftermarket pads. These performance and wear characteristics make Bendix Heavy Duty a very good choice for 4x4 and SUV applications.
Friction material is edge-chamfered to eliminate brake squeal.
Bendix's Blue Titanium strips for instant friction and positive pedal feel from the start.
Exclusive insulation layer between friction material and backing plate to reduce heat transfer to caliper.


For months, European central bankers have been warning of dislocation between financial markets and the real economy. No one has paid much notice, with equities proceeding to new highs on hopes of ever more central banking easing, coinciding with a continuing run of poor data confirming the miserable state of the euro area economy.
The signs are that the cautionary messages are starting to get through. As we head towards the sensitive period before the German elections in September, the next four months on the equity markets should be a great deal less relaxed than the last four. We are in a kind of bubble – central bankers prefer to speak of 'misallocation of investment' – and sooner or later it will come to an end.
August/September look set to be a particularly nervous time. Central banks are in the position of simultaneously chiding financial markets for getting ahead of themselves, yet also of being responsible for the credit-enhancing mechanisms that are giving market operators ever more reasons to put aside any feelings of bearishness.
Over the past 30 years, German elections have been the period for currency realignments within Europe's old exchange rate systems. Now that exchange rates have been abolished within the euro bloc, that can no longer happen. But tensions can ensue in other areas, notably through an enlargement of credit spreads and a hold-up to the European Central Bank's praiseworthy efforts to lower financial fragmentation.
One small sign of renewed nervousness was a Cyprus-related rise in April of the Bundesbank's credit line to the ECB under the euro bloc's Target-2 internal payments mechanism, ending a five-month run of declines in these balances.
Amid news that the 17-nation monetary bloc is still mired in recession, a combination of continued leverage (especially in Europe) and growing economic risks is increasingly reminiscent of the market's pre-correction stage of 2007.
Anxieties about whether the levitation phase of world stock markets may be about to end have been heightened by the feeling that the principal influence behind buoyancy, quantitative easing (QE) in the US and Japan, may either be tapering off or losing effect – or both.
Stronger US economic figures this summer may intensify the debate over when the Fed should start curtailing quantitative easing. On the other hand, latest US inflation data, showing that revealed price pressures had fallen to their lowest level in two years, have continued to boost bond prices and lower yields.
An underlying drag on Treasury debt has been a sharp rise in Japanese government bond yields, as the world's third-largest economy has engineered massive quantitative easing in a way that seems to be paying off in spurring higher Japanese growth – but is also sparking fears of 'currency wars' through forceful yen depreciation.
While the US Federal Reserve will be eager to withdraw QE firepower when appropriate, policy-makers are fearful of reducing support too early and impeding self-sustaining recovery.
Meanwhile underlying problems for the euro area have been underlined by French president François Hollande's launching of an 'offensive' to bring 'more growth and less austerity' to Europe. Billed as an attempt to bury the hatchet with German chancellor Angela Merkel over well-publicised policy differences, Hollande last week laid down plans for further measures which are certain to draw scepticism from Germany.
They include a call for an 'economic government' for the euro, as well as the possibility of common borrowing – anathema to many in Germany opposed to euro bloc debt mutualisation.


You can now access NCA services at all Huduma Centers across the country.
Following a successful pilot programme in 15 centers, the Authority has now rolled out the services in all Huduma Centers.
The move was welcome especially in larger regions where the NCA offices are not within a reasonable proximity, in areas such as Lodwar, Lamu. Kwale and Wajir. Clients will be able to access services such as accreditation, registration of projects, resolution of public complaints, registration for trainings as well as enquiries and guidance through all other services.
NCA staff from the Huduma Kenya Kibra desk took part in a Huduma Mashinani exercise at Toi Market on Friday, May 25th. Huduma Mashinani is an initiative by Huduma Kenya aimed at bringing services closer to the community. NCA plans to spearhead construction themed Mashinanis to benefit construction workers across the country.


My white version of the Embroidered flower pattern won 7th place in the Spoonflower challenge. I made some other colorways and put them all up for sale in my Spoonflower shop. Here you can buy them printed on fabric, wallpaper or gift wrapping.


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National Air and Space Museum (NASM) Guggenheim Fellowship
Harvard Academy for International and Area Studies: Pre- and Postdoctoral Fellowships
NCI Predoctoral to Postdoctoral Fellow Transition Award (F99/K00)
Ruth Landes Memorial Research Grants
Title VIII-Supported Short-Term Grant
Awards by Awards
Awards by Predoctoral/postdoctoral
Predoctoral/postdoctoral
Name & Funder
Lemelson Center Fellowship
http://invention.smithsonian.org/resources/research_fellowships.aspx
$36,000 Check deadline
Fellowships in Science and International Affairs
http://belfercenter.ksg.harvard.edu/fellowships/
Patricia and Phillip Frost Fellowship
https://americanart.si.edu/research/fellowships
$7,500 Check deadline
James Renwick Fellowship in American Craft at the Smithsonian American Art Museum
https://www.smithsonianofi.com/fellowship-opportunities/the-james-renwick-fellowship-in-american-craft/
National Museum of Natural History American Indian Program
http://www.smithsonianofi.com/fellowship-opportunities/american-indian-program/
Anna C. and Oliver C. Colburn Fellowship
Archaeological Institute of America
http://www.archaeological.org/grants/703
David Library of the American Revolution
http://www.dlar.org/fellowships.htm
$1,000–1,600 Check deadline
Lerner-Gray Grants for Marine Research
http://www.amnh.org/our-research/richard-gilder-graduate-school/academics-and-research/fellowship-and-grant-opportunities/research-grants-and-student-exchange-fellowships#grants
Collection Study Grants
http://www.amnh.org/our-research/vertebrate-zoology/ornithology/grants
$500–1,500 Check deadline
http://www.wcfia.harvard.edu/academy/academy_scholars_program.html
$31,000–67,000 Check deadline