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Cyclopedia of farm animals. Domestic animals; Animal products. Fig. 244.


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John Carmack has impressed the need for developers to push beyond the "novelty" factor that continues to dominate the software content on VR platforms.
Speaking at the close of Oculus Connect last week, the company's CTO told the crowd that, as a community, VR developers, "need to be harder on ourselves." In particular, he implied that a lot of VR software doesn't offer the same value to consumer as a non-VR experience.
"We are coasting on novelty, and the initial wonder of being something people have never seen before," he continued. "But we need to start judging ourselves. Not on a curve, but in an absolute sense. Can you do something in VR that has the same value, or more value, than what these other [non-VR] things have done?"
"We need to start judging ourselves. Not on a curve, but in an absolute sense"
Carmack discussed "objective measurements of quality." He mentioned the need to improve UI design, and questioned the absence of voice control in VR apps, but he picked out loading times as a point of focus. Elsewhere in the industry, he said, development teams are "fighting and struggling" to reduce load times to 29 seconds or less, but that standard is simply too much for VR.
Carmack continued: "There are apps that I wanted to play, that I thought looked great, that I stopped playing because they had too long of a load time. I would say 20 seconds should be an absolute limit on load times, and even then I'm pushing people to get it much, much lower."
As a parting shot, though, Carmack returned to avoiding the allure of novelty as, "the biggest thing I want to impress on people." Almost every developer makes that mistake to some extent, he said.
I will try to turn a bunch of my VR app quality comments into a blog post when I pull ahead of my workload a bit.
"It's not going to be a higher and higher bar for performance; it's going to be a lower and lower bar for adoption"
Elsewhere in his closing keynote, Carmack also played booster for mobile VR, which he described as "the future" of the medium, reminding the audience that, "it's still not easy to make a Gear VR app."
"There might be a hundred million PCs that can do this, but I believe in the mission that Facebook had when it bought into Oculus, of having a billion people in VR," he said. "So it's not going to be a higher and higher bar for performance; it's going to be a lower and lower bar for adoption."
Carmack predicted that VR on PC would become "the creative class" and a "laboratory," where ideas are formed that can be, "[pushed] out to the lower-end systems." Fundamentally, he appeared to be addressing a tendency among developers to be drawn to the bleeding-edge, even when that technology has a more limited reach.
"It's absolutely possible to still do great things with that."
He's definitely right, if VR does take off it'll be 8-10:1 people docking their phones in or higher. You just don't need a "real" headset for chatting, looking at videos, or aunt Claire's vacation photos, and most common game experiences just need that kind of power.
This seems rather contradictory to me. Sure, VR needs to move past technical novelty, and develop more meaningful content... but suggesting that concentrating efforts on mobile is the path to that seems bizarre.
Yes, mobile will inevitably be the more ostensibly "popular" platform for VR, but mobile is also the platform that will crush all that is good about VR beneath a mountain of "monetization" and 1-note gimmickery, pandering to and exploiting the mass market. If efforts are focused exclusively there, it will lead inevitably to that future that most VR enthusiasts fear - being seen as just another pointless 3DTV gimmick designed purely to sell hardware and accessories.
Mobile VR will require no encouragement, if there's money to be made, devs will swarm over it regardless.
What does need encouragement is the PC platform - the place where the real innovation and quality will come from, if hopes that VR can become a true platform/medium in its own right are to ever come to pass.
It's worrying when the originators of modern VR themselves already seem so hurried to reduce it all down to whatever humdrum mediocrity will make the most short-term financial return. They're going to kill it before it ever gets started.
Mobile VR is not a humdrum mediocrity, unless VR in general is. It's a neutral platform like any other and it has the numbers to be a going concern already. Carmack's point was expressly directed at arguments like you raised. It's not either / or, he's asking for a balance. Developers are jumping on the most expensive elite VR hardware and may be forgetting to pay attention to where the VR consumers are actually heading. Remember mobile hardware is getting more beastly by the year.
And I certainly take your point about monetisation but King are not trying to take over VR right now. If you remember when mobile launched, console devs like me snootily ignored the platform for years, clearing the decks for Facebook gaming companies - and their free-to-play monetisation - to take over. Now, free casual games account for 85% of all mobile revenue, and 95% of all mobile gaming revenue. Do you want to avoid that situation with VR? Then reckon with the platform instead of ignoring it.
As always, the name of the game is the games - a few great game experiences will define the performance of each headset.
to me mobile VR makes little sense because first and foremost, VR requires a safe environment to play in. That means your home basically and if your home you might as well use the higher end tech. FYI, PSVR has sold more headsets in one day then Occulus and Vive have since their release. Sony has done VR right, its amazing what they have pulled off on a console.
As far as coasting, Devs have to walk before they can run. They have to see what works and sells and what doesnt. VR and Sony have just changed gaming forever, it will just take awhile for people to get that.
I think Mobile VR makes sense because of the incredibly low barrier to entry, untethered nature and great app ecosystems.
If you already have a high end smartphone, the experiences possible are really impressive. It cost me next to nothing, in context to get a GearVR at my leisure. When I did, the Galaxy S7 was more powerful than I ever imagined at offering VR at QHD resolution and great frame-rates.
Sure, it may not be as powerful as some solutions but accessibility is another factor.
@todd Do you have figures for actual sold units of PSVR, if so a link would be v useful please :) I have read 2m "shipped" and not much else that's useful. I'd be very surprised if it outsold Vive & Rift together, it seemed a quiet launch to me.
FYI Untethered VR is far better than tethered, even in the home. Adam made some solid points. For the money, Mobile VR is far better value than ppl think.


text:
The guardian of the genome p53 regulates exercise-induced mitochondrial plasticity beyond organelle biogenesis
Smiles, William and Camera, Donny. (2018). The guardian of the genome p53 regulates exercise-induced mitochondrial plasticity beyond organelle biogenesis. Acta Physiologica. 222(3), pp. 1 - 13. https://doi.org/10.1111/apha.13004
Smiles, William and Camera, Donny
The Guardian of the Genome p53 has been established as a potent tumour suppressor. However, culminating from seminal findings in rodents more than a decade ago, several studies have demonstrated that p53 is required to maintain basal mitochondrial function [ie, respiration and reactive oxygen species (ROS) homeostasis]. Specifically, via its role(s) as a tumour suppressor, p53 intimately surveys cellular DNA damage, in particular mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), to ensure that the mitochondrial network is carefully monitored and cell viability is upheld, because aberrant mtDNA damage leads to apoptosis and widespread cellular perturbations. Indeed, data from rodents and humans have demonstrated that p53 forms an integral component of the exercise‐induced signal transduction network regulating skeletal muscle mitochondrial remodelling. In response to exercise‐induced disruptions to cellular homeostasis that have the potential to harm mtDNA (eg, contraction‐stimulated ROS emissions), appropriate p53‐regulated, mitochondrial turnover responses prevail to protect the genome and ultimately facilitate a shift from aerobic glycolysis to oxidative phosphorylation, adaptations critical for endurance‐based exercise that are commensurate with p53's role as a tumour suppressor. Despite these observations, several discrepancies exist between rodent and human studies pinpointing p53 subcellular trafficking from nuclear‐to‐mitochondrial compartments following acute exercise. Such interspecies differences in p53 activity and the plausible p53‐mediated adaptations to chronic exercise training will be discussed herein.
exercise; mitochondria; p53; protein turnover; skeletal muscle
Acta Physiologica
222 (3), pp. 1 - 13
https://doi.org/10.1111/apha.13004
P. B. Persson
https://acuresearchbank.acu.edu.au/item/8761q/the-guardian-of-the-genome-p53-regulates-exercise-induced-mitochondrial-plasticity-beyond-organelle-biogenesis
Myofibre hypertrophy in the absence of changes to satellite cell content following concurrent exercise training in young healthy men
Shamim, Baubak, Camera, Donny M. and Whitfield, Jamie. (2021). Myofibre hypertrophy in the absence of changes to satellite cell content following concurrent exercise training in young healthy men. Frontiers in Physiology. 12, p. Article 625044. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2021.625044
Skeletal muscle adaptive responses to different types of short-term exercise training and detraining in middle-age men
Callahan, Marcus J., Parr, Evelyn B., Snijders, Tim, Conceição, Miguel S., Radford, Bridget E., Timmins, Ryan G., Devlin, Brooke L., Hawley, John A. and Camera, Donny M.. (2021). Skeletal muscle adaptive responses to different types of short-term exercise training and detraining in middle-age men. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. 53(10), pp. 2023-2036. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0000000000002684
Can high-intensity interval training promote skeletal muscle anabolism?
Callahan, Marcus J., Parr, Evelyn B., Hawley, John A. and Camera, Donny M.. (2021). Can high-intensity interval training promote skeletal muscle anabolism? Sports Medicine. 51, pp. 405-421. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-020-01397-3
Differences in lower limb strength and structure after 12 weeks of resistance, endurance, and concurrent training
Timmins, Ryan G., Shamim, Baubak, Tofari, Paul J., Hickey, Jack T. and Camera, Donny M.. (2020). Differences in lower limb strength and structure after 12 weeks of resistance, endurance, and concurrent training. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance. 15(9), pp. 1223-1230. https://doi.org/10.1123/IJSPP.2019-0788
Divergent regulation of myotube formation and gene expression by E2 and EPA during in-vitro differentiation of C2C12 myoblasts
Lacham-Kaplan, Orly, Camera, Donny and Hawley, John. (2020). Divergent regulation of myotube formation and gene expression by E2 and EPA during in-vitro differentiation of C2C12 myoblasts. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 21(3), pp. 1-18. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21030745
A single bout of strenuous exercise overcomes lipid-induced anabolic resistance to protein ingestion in overweight, middle-aged men
Smiles, William J., Churchward-Venne, Tyler A., van Loon, Luc J. C., Hawley, John A. and Camera, Donny M.. (2019). A single bout of strenuous exercise overcomes lipid-induced anabolic resistance to protein ingestion in overweight, middle-aged men. The FASEB Journal. 33(6), pp. 7009 - 7017. https://doi.org/10.1096/fj.201801917R
Augmented anabolic responses after 8-wk cycling with blood flow restriction
Conceição, Miguel Soares, Mendes, Telles, Guilherme Defante, Libardi, Cleiton Augusto, Castro, Alex, Andrade, André L. L., Brum, Patrícia Chakur, Urias, Úrsula, Kurauti, Mirian Ayumi, Costa, Boschero, Antonio Carlos, Cavaglieri, Cláudia Regina, Camera, Donny M., Chacon-Mikahil, Mara Patricia Traina, Junior, Edson Manoel Mendes and Júnior, José Maria Costa. (2019). Augmented anabolic responses after 8-wk cycling with blood flow restriction. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. 51(1), pp. 84 - 93. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0000000000001755
Effects of creatine and carbohydrate loading on cycling time trial performance
Tomcik, Kristyen A., Camera, Donny, Bone, Julia L. L., Ross, Meg, Jeacocke, N. A., Tachtsis, Bill, Senden, Joan M., Van Loon, Luc, Hawley, John and Burke, Louise. (2018). Effects of creatine and carbohydrate loading on cycling time trial performance. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. 50(1), pp. 141 - 150. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0000000000001401
Potential Roles of n-3 PUFAs during Skeletal Muscle Growth and Regeneration
Tachtsis, Bill, Camera, Donny and Lacham-Kaplan, Orly. (2018). Potential Roles of n-3 PUFAs during Skeletal Muscle Growth and Regeneration. Nutrients. 10(3), p. 309. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10030309
Anabolic heterogeneity following resistance training: A role for Circadian rhythm?
Camera, Donny M.. (2018). Anabolic heterogeneity following resistance training: A role for Circadian rhythm? Frontiers in Physiology. 9, pp. 1 - 13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2018.00569
Tachtsis, Bill, Camera, Donny and Lacham-Kaplan, Orly. (2018). Potential roles of n-3 PUFAs during skeletal muscle growth and regeneration. Nutrients. 10(3), pp. 1 - 20. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10030309
Protein availability and satellite cell dynamics in skeletal muscle
Shamim, Baubak, Hawley, John and Camera, Donny. (2018). Protein availability and satellite cell dynamics in skeletal muscle. Sports Medicine. 48(6), pp. 1329 - 1343. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-018-0883-7
Where do satellite cells orbit? An endomysium space odyssey
Shamim, Baubak, Conceicao, Miguel, Callahan, Marcus J. and Camera, Donny. (2018). Where do satellite cells orbit? An endomysium space odyssey. The Journal of Physiology. 596(10), pp. 1791 - 1792. https://doi.org/10.1113/JP276024
Muscle fiber hypertrophy and myonuclei addition: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Conceição, Miguel S., Vechin, Felipe C., Lixandrão, Manoel, Damas, Felipe, Libardi, Cleiton A., Tricoli, Valmor, Roschel, Hamilton, Camera, Donny and Ugrinowitsch, Carlos. (2018). Muscle fiber hypertrophy and myonuclei addition: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. 50(7), pp. 1385 - 1393. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0000000000001593
Adaptations to concurrent training in combination with high protein availability: A comparative trial in healthy, recreationally active men
Shamim, Baubak, Devlin, Brooke L., Timmins, Ryan G., Tofari, Paul, Dow, Connor Lee, Coffey, Vernon G., Hawley, John A. and Camera, Donny M.. (2018). Adaptations to concurrent training in combination with high protein availability: A comparative trial in healthy, recreationally active men. Sports Medicine. 48(12), pp. 2869 - 2883. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-018-0999-9
Fenugreek increases insulin-stimulated creatine content in l6C11 muscle myotubes
Tomcik, Kristyen, Smiles, William, Camera, Donny, Hugel, Helmut M., Hawley, John and Watts, Rani. (2017). Fenugreek increases insulin-stimulated creatine content in l6C11 muscle myotubes. European Journal of Nutrition. 56(3), pp. 973 - 979. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-015-1145-1
Acute low-intensity cycling with blood-flow restriction has no effect on metabolic signaling in human skeletal muscle compared to traditional exercise
Smiles, William J., Conceição, Miguel S., Telles, Guilherme D., Chacon-Mikahil, Mara P. T., Cavaglieri, Cláudia R., Vechin, Felipe C., Libardi, Cleiton A., Hawley, John A. and Camera, Donny M.. (2017). Acute low-intensity cycling with blood-flow restriction has no effect on metabolic signaling in human skeletal muscle compared to traditional exercise. European Journal of Applied Physiology. 117(2), pp. 345-358. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-016-3530-8
Dynamic proteome profiling of individual proteins in human skeletal muscle after a high-fat diet and resistance exercise
Camera, Donny M., Burniston, Jatin G., Pogson, Mark A., Smiles, William J. and Hawley, John A.. (2017). Dynamic proteome profiling of individual proteins in human skeletal muscle after a high-fat diet and resistance exercise. The FASEB Journal. 31(12), pp. 5478-5494. https://doi.org/10.1096/fj.201700531R
Autophagy and Protein Turnover Responses to Exercise-Nutrient Interactions in Human Skeletal Muscle
Smiles, William J.. (2017). Autophagy and Protein Turnover Responses to Exercise-Nutrient Interactions in Human Skeletal Muscle [Thesis]. https://doi.org/10.4226/66/59f29efd01e38
Transcriptomic and epigenetic responses to short-term nutrient-exercise stress in humans
Laker, R. C., Garde, C., Camera, Donny, Smiles, William, Zierath, J. R., Hawley, John and Barrès, R.. (2017). Transcriptomic and epigenetic responses to short-term nutrient-exercise stress in humans. Scientific Reports. 7(1), pp. 1 - 12. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-15420-7
Expression of microRNAs and target proteins in skeletal muscle of rats selectively bred for high and low running capacity
Pinto, Samuel K., Lamon, Séverine, Stephenson, Erin J., Kalanon, M., Mikovic, Jasmine, Koch, L G., Britton, S. L., Hawley, John and Camera, Donny. (2017). Expression of microRNAs and target proteins in skeletal muscle of rats selectively bred for high and low running capacity. American Journal of Physiology - Endocrinology and Metabolism. 313(3), pp. 335 - 343. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.00043.2017
Acute endurance exercise induces nuclear p53 abundance in human skeletal muscle
Tachtsis, Bill, Smiles, William, Lane, Steven C., Hawley, John Alan and Camera, Donny Michael. (2016). Acute endurance exercise induces nuclear p53 abundance in human skeletal muscle. Frontiers in Physiology. 7(144), pp. 1 - 10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2016.00144
Circulating microRNA responses between 'high' and 'low' responders to a 16-wk diet and exercise weight loss intervention
Parr, Evelyn B., Camera, Donny M., Burke, Louise M., Phillips, Stuart M., Coffey, Vernon G. and Hawley, John Alan. (2016). Circulating microRNA responses between 'high' and 'low' responders to a 16-wk diet and exercise weight loss intervention. PLoS ONE. 11(4), pp. 1 - 14. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0152545
Commentaries on Viewpoint: The rigorous study of exercise adaptations: Why mRNA might not be enough
Camera, Donny and Hawley, John. (2016). Commentaries on Viewpoint: The rigorous study of exercise adaptations: Why mRNA might not be enough. Journal of Applied Physiology. 121(2), pp. 598 - 598. https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00509.2016
Exercise-induced skeletal muscle signaling pathways and human athletic performance
Camera, Donny Michael, Smiles, William J. and Hawley, John Alan. (2016). Exercise-induced skeletal muscle signaling pathways and human athletic performance. Free Radical Biology & Medicine. 98, pp. 131 - 143. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.02.007
Effects of skeletal muscle energy availability on protein turnover responses to exercise
Smiles, William J., Hawley, John Alan and Camera, Donny Michael. (2016). Effects of skeletal muscle energy availability on protein turnover responses to exercise. Journal of Experimental Biology. 219(Pt 2), pp. 214 - 225. https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.125104
Protein coingestion with alcohol following strenuous exercise attenuates alcohol-induced intramyocellular apoptosis and inhibition of autophagy
Smiles, William J., Parr, Evelyn B., Coffey, Vernon G., Lacham-Kaplan, Orly, Hawley, John Alan and Camera, Donny Michael. (2016). Protein coingestion with alcohol following strenuous exercise attenuates alcohol-induced intramyocellular apoptosis and inhibition of autophagy. American Journal of Physiology - Endocrinology and Metabolism. 311(5), pp. E836 - E849. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.00303.2016
Attenuated PGC-1α isoforms following endurance exercise with blood flow restriction
Conceição, Miguel Soares, Chacon-Mikahil, Mara Patricia Traina, Telles, Guilherme Defante, Libardi, Cleiton Augusto, Júnior, Edson Manoel Mendes, Vechin, Felipe Cassaro, Lugani de Andrade, André Luis, Gáspari, Arthur Fernandes, Brum, Patrícia Chakur, Cavaglieri, Cláudia Regina, Serag, Sara, Spiegelman, Bruce M., Hawley, John A. and Camera, Donny M.. (2016). Attenuated PGC-1α isoforms following endurance exercise with blood flow restriction. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. 16(4809), pp. 1699-1707. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0000000000000970
Selective modulation of microRNA expression with protein ingestion following concurrent resistance and endurance exercise in human skeletal muscle
Camera, Donny Michael, Ong, Jun N., Coffey, Vernon Glenn and Hawley, John Alan. (2016). Selective modulation of microRNA expression with protein ingestion following concurrent resistance and endurance exercise in human skeletal muscle. Frontiers in Physiology. 7(Mar), pp. 1 - 8. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2016.00087
Modulation of autophagy signaling with resistance exercise and protein ingestion following short-term energy deficit
Smiles, William J., Areta, José L., Coffey, Vernon G., Phillips, Stuart M., Moore, Daniel R., Stellingwerff, Trent, Burke, Louise M., Hawley, John A. and Camera, Donny M.. (2015). Modulation of autophagy signaling with resistance exercise and protein ingestion following short-term energy deficit. American Journal of Physiology - Regulatory Integrative and Comparative Physiology. 309(5), pp. R603-R612. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00413.2014
Need for measures of satellite cell activation along with muscle protein synthesis?
Camera, Donny and Hawley, John. (2015). Need for measures of satellite cell activation along with muscle protein synthesis? Journal of Applied Physiology. 118(4), pp. 500 - 500. https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00609.2014.
Alcohol ingestion impairs maximal post-exercise rates of myofibrillar protein synthesis following a single bout of concurrent training
Parr, Evelyn, Camera, Donny, Areta, José, Burke, Louise, Phillips, Stuart, Hawley, John A. and Coffey, Vernon. (2014). Alcohol ingestion impairs maximal post-exercise rates of myofibrillar protein synthesis following a single bout of concurrent training. PLoS ONE. 9(2), pp. 1 - 9. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0088384
Beyond muscle hypertrophy: Why dietary protein is important for endurance athletes
Moore, Daniel, Camera, Donny, Areta, José and Hawley, John A.. (2014). Beyond muscle hypertrophy: Why dietary protein is important for endurance athletes. Applied Physiology, Nutrition and Metabolism. 39(9), pp. 987 - 997. https://doi.org/10.1139/apnm-2013-0591
The relationship between exercise, nutrition and type 2 diabetes
Stephenson, Erin J., Smiles, William and Hawley, John Alan. (2014). The relationship between exercise, nutrition and type 2 diabetes. Medicine and Sport Science. 60, pp. 1 - 10. https://doi.org/10.1159/000357331
Reduced resting skeletal muscle protein synthesis is reduced by resistance exercise and protein ingestion following short-term energy deficit
Areta, José, Burke, Louise, Camera, Donny, West, Daniel, Crawshay, Siobhan, Moore, Daniel, Stellingwerff, Trent, Phillips, Stuart, Hawley, John A. and Coffey, Vernon. (2014). Reduced resting skeletal muscle protein synthesis is reduced by resistance exercise and protein ingestion following short-term energy deficit. American Journal of Physiology - Endocrinology and Metabolism. 306(8), pp. E989 - E997. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.00590.2013
Meteorin-like is a hormone that regulates immune-adipose interactions to increase beige fat thermogenesis
Rao, Rajesh, Long, Jonathan, White, James, Svensson, Katrin, Lou, Jesse, Lokurkar, Isha, Jedrychowski, Mark, Ruas, Jorge, Wrann, Christiane, Lo, James, Camera, Donny, Lachey, Jenn, Gygi, Steven, Seehra, Jasbir, Hawley, John and Spiegelman, Bruce. (2014). Meteorin-like is a hormone that regulates immune-adipose interactions to increase beige fat thermogenesis. Cell. 157(6), pp. 1279 - 1291. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2014.03.065
Rao, Rajesh, Long, Jonathan Z., White, James P., Svensson, Katrin J., Lou, Jesse, Lokurkar, Isha, Jedrychowski, Mark P., Ruas, Jorge L., Wrann, Christine D., Camera, Donny, Lachey, Jenn, Gygi, Steven, Seehra, Jasbir, Hawley, John and Spiegelman, Bruce M.. (2014). Meteorin-like Is a Hormone that Regulates Immune-Adipose Interactions to Increase Beige Fat Thermogenesis. Cell. 157(6), pp. 1279 - 1291. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2014.03.065
ERK1/2 in the brain mediates the effects of central resistin on reducing thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue
Kosari, Samin, Camera, Donny Michael, Hawley, John Alan, Stebbing, Martin and Badoer, Emilio. (2013). ERK1/2 in the brain mediates the effects of central resistin on reducing thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue. International Journal of Physiology, Pathophysiology and Pharmacology. 5(3), pp. 184 - 189.
Timing and distribution of protein ingestion during prolonged recovery from resistance exercise alters myofibrillar protein synthesis
Areta, José, Burke, Louise, Ross, M, Camera, Donny, West, D, Broad, E, Jeacocke, N, Moore, Daniel, Stellingwerff, T and Phillips, S. (2013). Timing and distribution of protein ingestion during prolonged recovery from resistance exercise alters myofibrillar protein synthesis. The Journal of Physiology. https://doi.org/10.1113/jphysiol.2012.244897
Skeletal muscle respiratory capacity is enhanced in rats consuming an obesogenic Western diet
Stephenson, E, Camera, Donny, Jenkins, T, Kosari, S, Lee, Joohyung, Hawley, John and Stepto, N. (2012). Skeletal muscle respiratory capacity is enhanced in rats consuming an obesogenic Western diet. American Journal of Physiology - Endocrinology and Metabolism. 302(12), pp. E1541 - E1549. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.00590.2011
Sex-based comparisons of myofibrillar protein synthesis after resistance exercise in the fed state
West, D, Burd, N, Churchward-Venne, T, Camera, Donny, Mitchell, Cameron, Baker, S, Hawley, John, Coffey, Vernon and Phillips, S. (2012). Sex-based comparisons of myofibrillar protein synthesis after resistance exercise in the fed state. Journal of Applied Physiology. 112(11), pp. 1805 - 1813. https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00170.2012
Low muscle glycogen concentration does not suppress the anabolic response to resistance exercise
Camera, Donny, West, D, Burd, N, Phillips, S, Garnham, A, Hawley, John and Coffey, Vernon. (2012). Low muscle glycogen concentration does not suppress the anabolic response to resistance exercise. Journal of Applied Physiology. 113(2), pp. 206 - 214. https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00395.2012
No role for early IGF-1 signalling in stimulating acute 'muscle building' responses
Burd, Nicholas A., West, D. W., Camera, Donny and Breen, L.. (2011). No role for early IGF-1 signalling in stimulating acute 'muscle building' responses. The Journal of Physiology. https://doi.org/10.1113/jphysiol.2011.207332
Early time course of akt phosphorylation after endurance and resistance exercise
Camera, Donny, Edge, J, Short, M, Hawley, John and Coffey, Vernon. (2010). Early time course of akt phosphorylation after endurance and resistance exercise. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. 42(10), pp. 1843 - 1852. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0b013e3181d964e4
Short-term endurance training does not alter the oxidative capacity of human subcutaneous adipose tissue
Camera, Donny, Anderson, Malcolm, Hawley, John and Carey, A. (2010). Short-term endurance training does not alter the oxidative capacity of human subcutaneous adipose tissue. European Journal of Applied Physiology. 109(2), pp. 307 - 316. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-010-1356-3

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
When Humanitarianism Prolongs the Inhumane
January 22, 2022 January 22, 2022 capitolhilltim
Humane: How The United States Lost Peace and Reinvented War by Samuel Moyn Farrar Straus and Gilbert, 400 pages. $30
A technology exists that can dramatically reduce or eliminate incarceration. It could make the entire world a prison.
GPS technology is used to allow authorities monitor individuals in real time. An ankle bracelet is used to secure a criminal in place. The satellite monitors him and allows him to travel to the workplace or other authorized locations. A portion of every paycheck goes to his victims. As such sentences become more common, there could come a time when only those convicts who pose an actual physical risk to others would be confined in a more traditional way—and even that might be accomplished in a manner more decentralized than those big, brutal penal institutions.
It would work better and be more humane that the current system. Victims would receive actual restitution, not a vague statement about "closure". That sounds great, doesn't it?
The same system which could grant greater liberty to prisoners could result in less freedom for those currently unincarcerated. Consider all of the victimsless crimes already in the law. Then imagine what the future might look like if there was no new legislation. Do you think you have the right to lock people up for this? Ever-larger groups of offenders could be put under ever-more-intrusive sorts of surveillance and restriction, walking the streets but not walking them freely.
There are two options: you can choose to spin the scenario where the first version is available but the second one is not; or, spin the scenario where the second option is offered but the first does not. There is also the possibility that we will get the first option. Allow the second, with the state's hand clasping us more tightly in some ways even as it loosens its grip in others. Samuel Moyn, in HumaneAccording to him, there is not one arc in the moral universe which guarantees progress without any regress. One can facilitate another."
Moyn's book focuses on wars and not prisons. However, the problem he describes is strikingly identical. Humane tells the tale of two struggles, the fight to end war and the fight to humanize it, and how one gradually came to supplant the other.
When Moyn writes about humanizing war, he doesn't mean "humanitarian interventions" launched with promises to end a genocide or spread democracy—though the same people often embrace both ideas. Moyn means to make warfare more humane by protecting the lives and freedoms of civilians as well as outlawing torture for POWs. Yale history and law teacher Moyn provides a comprehensive guide that explains how the laws were developed and how these teeth grew. Despite having very few teeth as a baby, they still have teeth.
But his account begins elsewhere, with an assortment of 19th century anarcho-pacifists—Leo Tolstoy, Adin Ballou, William Lloyd Garrison—who saw war itself as an atrocity. Garrison finally made his peace through warfare and supported the Civil War to bring an end to slavery. Tolstoy, however, reaffirmed the conclusion reached by the abolishment of chattel slavery. He believed that it demonstrated that an old, almost permanent inequalities was possible to be overcome and that the war could possibly end one day. Moyn points out that not all reformers fought to abolish slavery, but rather to make it bearable. "A project that coexisted comfortably alongside the strengthening of plantation control." Tolstoy refused to accept this type of reform.
This era was driven by individuals who didn't care about ending war altogether. The first attempts at writing their ideas into law made little difference to how warfare was carried out. More momentum was given to the peace movement, which inspired a number of disarmament and arbitration treaties. In 1928, however, there was the Kellogg-Briand Pact. This agreement, although well-intentioned, saw a variety of countries agreeing to end war.
These arbitration agreements are very popular. Moyn explained that "the idea" was to force or encourage states into an arbitration system, where outsiders could decide all or a portion of their disputes. This actually worked. "More than 150 cases of actual arbitrated compromise among states" were recorded in 19th-century circumstances, that could otherwise have lead to violence. This was an alternative, more decentralized model of the later United Nations or League of Nations. Moyn says that "it was generally believed that a system for arbitration between states would prevent the hassle of setting up a formal international organization.
Many pacifists also believed in the League of Nations and the larger concept of creating a global federation. However, this idea was not universally accepted. Moyn mentions that William Borah was a progressive Republican senator from Idaho who backed Kellogg-Briand Pact and opposed the League. Borah was undoubtedly the most consistent anti-war position. If you scratch those world-federalist dream, then you will often see calls for an international policing unit that maintains peace through force. The United Nations certainly hasn't been a very pacific organization—and while many world federalists would attribute that to its dominance by a well-armed superpower, a more egalitarian U.N. would still have those blue-hatted troops at its command.
The old peace movement was left with less space after World War II. However, the dream of a peaceful world remained alive. While there is an evident overlap between the desire for peace and the desire of ending war, there are areas where these paths diverge. As the U.S. escalated the Vietnam War—not exactly a conflict free of civilian carnage—it nonetheless announced that it would follow "the humanitarian principles enunciated in the Geneva conventions." Anti-war activists remained focused on the fact that war was inherently illegal.
With their often quite creative interpretations, the latter sounded more like lawyers pursuing long-shot cases than Tolstoyan extremists. (The law treated a war between countries differently than a civil war, for example—and so, Moyn reports, the anti-war Lawyers Committee Concerning American Policy in Vietnam "spent most of its time arguing that South Vietnam was not truly a state.") Even though the 1968 My Lai massacre placed war crimes at the heart of Vietnam's debate, protesters still wanted to stop the intervention and not humanize it.
Moyn compares the response to the massacre at My Lai with that to 2004's Abu Ghraib scandal, which may have done more to mobilise resistance to war crimes than the opposition to them. This is the effect it had on Washington. Barack Obama was widely perceived as an antiwar insurgent at the time he ran for office. But Moyn writes that Obama's lawyers asserted authority to keep war going indefinitely, across both space and in time, while establishing formal legal structures for targeted killings. This war would have a less brutal but more pervasive side effect.
Today, the resulting synthesis remains essentially unchanged. Trump's former president, who was known for his public statements about terror attacks on terrorists' families and other misdemeanors, did not dislodge the synthesis.
It is obvious that modern warfare is far less humane than the words of war-makers. Many drone strikes hit wrong targets and can even have terrible secondary effects. Even if NATO had not killed civilians in Libyan airstrikes, it would still have exacerbated an already gruesome conflict. Moyn suggests that we imagine a world in which autonomous drones are programmed to avoid hitting the wrong person. He argues that even then we wouldn't have "eternal peace" but would be able to control the situation.
These drones would be restricted to stopping terrorist attacks. The control system could also use their automated surveillance and violence to stop terrorist attacks by targeting smugglers, migrants or leaders of rebel movements in allied states. This new, eternal war could be just as easily applied to a growing list of criminals like a GPS carceral system. Both systems might even converge.
Today's wars are less deadly and more peaceful than those of the past century. This is a positive thing. It is much better for civilians not to be bombarded and for prisoners to give up torture. The shifts that are more humane should be celebrated.
We can't allow such reforms to define our goals. Moyn says that a future without bloodless global discipline would be a frightening thing, even though bloody global discipline might seem chillier. We need to "project of challenging hierarchy, in all forms" to avoid this fate. A change that makes hierarchies less violent could make the planet a battlefield with no frontiers or a prison without walls.


text:
namespace blink {

class GPUColorWrite : public ScriptWrappable {
  DEFINE_WRAPPERTYPEINFO();

 public:
  // gpu_color_write.idl
  static constexpr uint32_t kRed = V8GPUColorWrite::Constant::kRed;
  static constexpr uint32_t kGreen = V8GPUColorWrite::Constant::kGreen;
  static constexpr uint32_t kBlue = V8GPUColorWrite::Constant::kBlue;
  static constexpr uint32_t kAlpha = V8GPUColorWrite::Constant::kAlpha;
  static constexpr uint32_t kAll = V8GPUColorWrite::Constant::kAll;

  GPUColorWrite(const GPUColorWrite&) = delete;
  GPUColorWrite& operator=(const GPUColorWrite&) = delete;
};

}  // namespace blink

#endif  // THIRD_PARTY_BLINK_RENDERER_MODULES_WEBGPU_GPU_COLOR_WRITE_H_

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Gig economy workers are still struggling financially, 10 years after the recession
By Megan Henney Published May 29, 2019 U.S. EconomyFOXBusiness
The economy a tailwind for Trump's 2020 efforts?
Former Dallas Fed adviser Danielle DiMartino Booth on the impact of U.S. trade tensions with China on the markets and the impact of the strong U.S. economy on President Trump's reelection efforts.
Ten years after the start of the financial recession in 2008, the U.S. economy is, for the most part, humming along at a steady rate.
While most American families have experienced substantial gains since 2013, in line with the nation's ongoing economic expansion, economic disparities still exist in the country, particularly among gig economy workers, who still deal with financial fragility, according to a new report published last week by the Federal Reserve.
EMPLOYERS LOOK TO GIG ECONOMY IN TIGHT LABOR MARKET
JAMIE DIMON WARNS ABOUT BIGGEST NEAR-TERM RISK TO US ECONOMY
The two metrics for determining financial fragility used by the Fed in its "Report on the Economic Well-Being of U.S. Households in 2018" was whether a person had some difficulty in handling a $400 unexpected expense, and whether that person used alternative financial services, such as purchased money orders or cashing a check at a place other than a bank.
Although the gig economy is often heralded for the flexibility it allots workers, the Fed determined that for those doing gig work -- comprised of short-term workers like an Uber driver or an Airbnb renter -- as their primary source of income, 58 percent would have difficulty handling the unexpected expense, compared to 44 percent doing it supplement their existing income.
About 18 percent of respondents said they relied on gig work for their full source of income, while about 37 percent said they used it to supplement their paycheck. But, gig workers with less education are more likely to rely on the work for a larger fraction of their income, the report found, and the extent to which individuals rely on gig work for money is correlated with their economic fragility.
Meanwhile, about 33 percent of respondents who rely primarily on gig work for their income said they use alternative financial services, compared to 26 percent who are part-time gig workers.
The financial woes could explain why so many Uber and Lyft drivers went on strike several weeks ago in major cities across the world. The protests were organized by several labor groups hoping to raise attention about both companies' labor and payment practices.
More than 11,000 individuals were interviewed via an online survey for the study.


We find homes for abandoned cats and dogs in New York City and throughout the Tri-State area, and provide behavior intervention when needed to improve chances of adoption.
"I wanted to send a bit of an update on Barker, now Stiles. I can't believe it's been a year since I brought him home from Animal Haven! I want to thank you all for taking such great care of him, he is such a great dog!


Blackjack, also known as 21, was introduced back in the sixties and has become significantly popular among gamblers because of its big wins thanks to workable blackjack counting strategies. This game, available at Gaming Club and other popular casinos, is very different from other games as it involves players competing against the house and not each other.
The main objective is to get a number as close to 21 as possible but without exceeding it. In case the number exceeds 21, the player loses the game which in blackjack terms is called "busted". If the number gained by the player is greater than the number gained by the dealer, the player wins provided they didn't get busted.
A table has 2 to 8 standard card decks which allow multiple players to play at a table.
The players and dealer initially deal with two cards after which the player can request an additional card by calling a "hit". The strategy behind calling a "hit" is to reach the points closer to 21 or bust the dealer. In a case where both the dealer and the player have the same points, the match is a draw.
The "Ace" can be counted as one or ten, whereas the "Queen, Jack, King and 10" are all counted as 10. The other numbered card have their respective values. The most favorable combination is called "Blackjack" which consists of an ace and a 10 point card.
This combination is an automatic win unless the dealer has a similar combination as well.
Blackjack entirely relies on probability, however, incorporating a few strategies may significantly increase your chances of winning. Let's know about some of the best blackjack counting strategies.
This strategy is particularly important for leisure players. Practicing this strategy can minimize the probability of loss.
This strategy depends on analyzing the cards the player has and the cards shown by the dealer. For example, if a dealer's up card has a value of 2 to 6 you may call a hit.
This strategy helps analyze how to deal with an outcome. However, it can differ depending on rules, so make sure to get enough practice beforehand.
Professional players don't rely on basic strategy because their intentions are solely to win and financial rewards.
These players use strategies that can give them an advantage over the dealer. These skills are known as Advantage Play and are allowed as long as they aren't used to gain a significant amount of advantage over the house. These skills have to be carefully used because they risk a person being blacklisted from the casino.
Card counting is calculating the probability of winning by analyzing the remaining deck of cards.
This allows the player to place a larger bet in case they have a higher chance of winning.
Keeping track of the remaining cards in the deck after each round allows the player to determine the probability of winning. Counting, however, gets difficult as the number of players increases.
Casinos usually use 8 decks to make it difficult to count cards as keeping track of a single deck can be easier.
Card counting is extremely important in analyzing the probability of gaining a high-value card. Ace is an example of a high-value card as it can be counted as 1 or 10.
Even though card counting is not illegal, casinos don't particularly like players using blackjack counting strategies.
There are a lot of card counting systems available for players of different levels. The following systems are arranged in their respective level of intricacy.
This was the first blackjack counting strategy developed back in the sixties by a mathematician from MIT. This system was solely developed for single deck blackjack and is hence one of the easiest blackjack counting strategies.
Since most casinos use more than one deck this method is ineffective, however, it can still be used by beginners to improve their skills.
Ace with the value 1 and the cards from 1 to 9 are counted as +4 whereas 10 value cards are counted as -9.
As the cards are dealt the total sum is added and if the total sum has a positive number then the player has a higher chance of winning.
Add 1 for each dealt 5-value card and subtract 1 whenever dealt with an Ace. If the final result is equal to or greater than 2 you should double your amount of bet, if not avoid placing a bet.
Since it considers only two card values it is among the most simple blackjack counting strategies, however with rule variation this counting method can get affected.
Based on Thorp's ten-count system this is the most famous blackjack counting system used by both intermediate and beginner players.
The numbers from 2-6 are assigned the number +1 and 7-9 are assigned the number 0, whereas the rest of the cards are assigned -1.
As the cards are dealt the numbers are added. A higher positive count indicates more high-value cards are available.
This is the easiest blackjack counting system introduced by Fuchs and Vancura for both intermediate and beginner players.
The 10s, Aces and face cards are assigned the value -1. All 8s and 9s are assigned the value 0 while cards from 2-7 are assigned the value +1. Similar to other systems, the total count is calculated as the cards are dealt. It is advisable to raise the bet only if the total count is 2+.
This blackjack counting strategy can easily be mastered by beginners. The 10s, Aces and face cards are assigned the value -1. Cards from 2-6 are assigned the value +1. The 8s and 9s are assigned the value 0.
In this system if 7 is of red color it is marked as +1, however, if it's black it is marked as 0.
Just like other systems, higher the count the better chances of winning. It is advisable to place high bets only if the count is above 15.
Introduced in 2001, this blackjack counting system has an intermediate level of complexity as some cards are counted as two and other as one. However, this system is more efficient than the options discussed before.
Cards 2, 3 and 7 have a value of +1, while cards 4, 5 and 6 are worth +2. 9s are assigned the value -1 while 10s and face cards are marked as -2. The Aces and the 8s are counted as 0.
This system is all about balance. If the player keeps a correct eye on the numbers, his final score will be a zero.
Developed by Stanford Wong in 1975, this is the most complex blackjack counting strategy and is only for professionals. In this system, fractional values are assigned to cards.
The 10s, Aces, and the face cards are assigned a value of -1 whereas 8s are marked as -1/2; 9s are marked as 0; 5s are marked as 1.5 whereas 3s, 4s, and 6s are marked as 1.
Lastly, 2s and 7s are assigned the value ½.
Just like other systems, higher count means a favorable outcome for the player.
These are only a few of various blackjack counting strategies. Note that card counting is effective, however without a significant amount of practice and patience it won't do you any good. Therefore, make sure to get enough practice beforehand.
We suggest that you sign up at Ruby Fortune and try your luck without putting any real money first. Jackpot City with its $1600 bonus can also be a good option.


This entry was posted on Wednesday, July 20th, 2011 at 4:44 pm	and is filed under the sarah project. You can follow any responses to this entry through the RSS 2.0 feed. You can leave a response, or trackback from your own site.


text:
Q: Counting the Repeating of words in a list PYTHON I have a code like:
s = "hello this is hello this is baby baby baby baby hello"
slist = s.split()
finallist = []
for word in slist:
    if len(word) >= 4:
          final = final + [word]

Basically this code above for taking the list and only putting a list of words that have more than 4 characters.
From this list I want to be able to count the number of times that the same word appears and and save it into a new list. so it would be like [3,2,4] 3 being the times of hello, 2 being the times of this, and 4 being baby.

A: from collections import Counter
import re

reg = re.compile('\S{4,}')

s = "hello this is hello this is baby baby baby baby hello"
c = Counter(ma.group() for ma in reg.finditer(s))
print c

result
Counter({'baby': 4, 'hello': 3, 'this': 2})

Also:
from collections import defaultdict
d = defaultdict(int)

s = "hello this is hello this is baby baby baby baby hello"

for w in s.split():
    if len(w)>=4:
        d[w] += 1

print d

A: collections.Counter is clearly your friend (unless you need the output in a specific sorted order). Combine it with a generator comprehension to generate all the length-4 words and you are golden.
from collections import Counter

Counter(w for w in s.split() if len(w) >= 4)

If you need the elements in order of their first appearance, use an ordered dictionary:
from collections import OrderedDict

wc = OrderedDict()
for w in s.split():
    if len(w) >= 4:
        wc[w] = wc.get(w, 0) + 1

A: All you have to do is use the count method from the slist.
I think you may use a dict to have a better control of
s = "hello this is hello this is baby baby baby baby hello"
slist = s.split()
finaldict = {}
for word in slist:
    if len(word) >= 4 and not finaldict.get(word):
          finaldict[word] = slist.count(word)

Now, if you want the list of values, just do this: finallist = finaldict.values()

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
State Street apartment plan derailed over security concerns at nearby courthouse
The project would have breathed new life into the Loop's old Consumers Building and Century Building
By Jay Koziarz Dec 16, 2019, 4:42pm CST
A rendering of CA Venture's proposal to turn 202 and 220 S. State Street in a massive rental complex.
Antunovich Associates
An unusual concern has halted a $141 million plan to revitalize State Street's long-vacant Consumers and Century Buildings into more than 400 rental apartments. Security issues raised by judges at nearby Dirksen U.S. Courthouse, as well as other federal agencies, put a stop to the redevelopment.
Concerns over a proposed rooftop deck that would have direct sightlines into the adjacent courthouse caused the city of Chicago to withdraw an earlier agreement to buy the buildings from the federal government's General Services Administration (GSA) and transfer ownership to local real estate firm CA Ventures, according to the Chicago Tribune.
"Recent assessments by the Federal Bureau of Investigation, Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives, and U.S. Marshals Service, among others, found that the sale of these properties would create significant public safety vulnerabilities threatening the public servants who work in the Dirksen Courthouse and the general public who utilize the building," wrote Chicago Mayor Lori Lightfoot in a letter cited in the Tribune report.
CA Ventures reached an agreement to pay $10.4 million for the State Street properties after responding to request for proposals made by the city on behalf of the GSA in 2017. The developer teamed with Chicago architecture firm Antunovich Associates on a renovation plan to rehab the office levels and ground-floor retail spaces as well as construct a glassy residential addition on the southern side of the Century Building.
"We had the rug pulled out from under us," Keith Giles of CA Venture told the newspaper. "We were ready to move forward. We had spent two and a half years, thousands of hours, and lots of money on the project, and the city pulled the plug on us in September."
It's unclear what—if anything—will happen with the underutilized stretch of State Street now that the deal has been called off. A GSA spokesperson told the Tribune that the agency is "exploring next steps."
Preservationists have called attention to the pair of historic buildings since the early 2000s. Both located on the 200 block of State Street, the 22-story Consumers Building was designed by Jenny, Mundie & Jensen and the 15-story Century Building was completed by Holabird & Roche. The latter contributes to the Loop Retail Historic District, which is listed in the National Register of Historic Places.
The vacant buildings were acquired by the federal government in 2005, and deteriorating conditions have earned them a spot on Preservation Chicago's most endangered list in 2011 and 2013. The decline and further neglect of these buildings would mean losing two excellent examples of Chicago School high-rises, wrote the organization.
A rare video tour inside the Loop's old Consumers & Century buildings
Hundreds more apartments planned for the Loop


There's a little catch. We'll explain.
Traveling as a family can be awesome. It also can cost a whole lot. So it's big news that Logan Airport's newest low-cost carrier announced earlier this week that it will offer free flights for kids.
Frontier Airlines, which announced earlier this month that it will operate nonstop routes to two U.S. cities out of Logan Airport starting this spring, will allow a child under the age of 15 to fly for free with a paying adult on select flights. In order to get the free flights, parents must become members of Frontier's travel club, called Discount Den.
A membership to Discount Den costs $59.99 per year. The kids fly free deal applies only to domestic flights and cannot be used on international flights, and applies to airfare only and not baggage fees, according to the terms and conditions.
Frontier has listed select dates when families can take advantage of the program, and expects to add more, according to the company.
Logan travelers can book nonstop flights from Boston to Orlando International Airport in Orlando, Fla. starting April 19, as well as nonstop flights to Raleigh-Durham International Airport in Morrisville, N.C. starting May 1.


text:
Enron convict Skilling to get out of jail early
by Aaron Smith @AaronSmithCNN May 8, 2013: 6:01 PM ET
Former Enron exec Jeffrey Skilling has reached a deal to reduce his fraud sentence by nearly a decade.
Enron convict Jeffrey Skilling has reached a deal to be released early from prison, according to court documents filed Wednesday.
Skilling was sentenced to 24 years in prison for his role in the Enron debacle. Under the deal, he could shave nearly a decade off the 15 years remaining on his prison term.
The former Enron chief executive, now known as inmate #29296-179 at the Englewood federal prison in Littleton, Colo., was convicted for fraud, conspiracy, insider trading and lying to auditors in the largest corporate fraud in history.
"The agreement brings certainty and finality to a long painful process," said Skilling lawyer Daniel Petrocelli of O'Melveny & Myers. "Although the recommended sentence for Jeff would still be more than double any other Enron defendant, all of whom have long been out of prison, Jeff would at least have the chance of getting back a meaningful part of his life."
Related: Lawyers collect $700 million cleaning up Madoff's mess
As part of the agreement with the government, filed in federal court in Texas, Skilling has agreed to drop any further legal challenges to his conviction.
"Today's agreement will put an end to the legal battles surrounding this case," said Justice Department spokesman David Carr. "This agreement ensures that Mr. Skilling will be appropriately punished for his crimes and that victims will finally receive the restitution they deserve."
Carr said the victims will receive $40 million in restitution as part of the agreement.
More than 4,000 Enron employees lost their jobs, and many also lost their life savings, when the Texas-based energy company declared bankruptcy in 2001. Investors lost billions of dollars.
CNNMoney (New York) First published May 8, 2013: 3:31 PM ET


Source CCN March 14, 2018 Come June 2018, Google will ban online advertisements promoting any cryptocurrency-related content as a part of its newly updated financial.OmiseGO Launches Second Neutrino-Blockchain Co-Working Space In Singapore.
Pre-ico opens on October 1, 2018. Modex. Crowdsale opens on September 15.
This is my first review on any cryptocurrency ico and I am glad I chose. is Tomocoin your best ico investment of 2018.I had gone.,Omisego (with Tomo.
Use ICObench to view presentations, white papers, milestones, financial data and tokens status from various industries.There will be more Initial Coin Offerings in the next year, from various startups.
Highly Anticipated Project, Finally Announces Public ICO Crowdsale. Read more.
Update Cancel. Answer. will launch more ICOs in 2018 as ICO companies seek regulatory shelter and professional expertise.
Online Payments Company Stripe drops Bitcoin Martin. to facilitate payments and it is already looking at Stellar Lumens and OmiseGO. Ico calendar. 31 Aug.OmiseGO, a decentralized. which has started with the ICO in. should be released in Q2 2018.


COLUMBUS, Ohio – Two small-scale medical cannabis cultivators have told state regulators that they will have product ready by November, an Ohio official told a medical marijuana advisory committee Thursday morning.
But for ill Ohioans who are waiting for relief from medical marijuana, that doesn't mean they will have access to the product just then. Ohio's medical marijuana program has rules about how the plant is tested, processed and sold.
The growers, who have permission to operate up to 3,000-square-foot cultivation areas, are FN Group Holdings in Ravenna in Portage County and Agri-Med Ohio LLC in Langsville in Meigs County, which were the first two marijuana farms to get certificates of operation, said the Ohio Department of Commerce's Mark Hamlin.
Hamlin said one of the five provisionally licensed marijuana testing labs could be ready for a final inspection that could result in a certificate of operation later this month or next month.


text:
Q: ssdp discovery of upnp devices using multicast sockets i am trying to discover UPnP devices in the network using multicast sockets however, I seem to be getting the same device multiple times. What is the issue with the discovery code here.
The results I am getting are as follows
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
CACHE-CONTROL: max-age = 60
EXT:
LOCATION: http://10.2.1.89:5200/Printer.xml
SERVER: Network Printer Server UPnP/1.0 V4.00.01.31 DEC-23-2014
ST: uuid:16a65700-007c-1000-bb49-30cda79cac19
USN: uuid:16a65700-007c-1000-bb49-30cda79cac19
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
CACHE-CONTROL: max-age = 60
EXT:
LOCATION: http://10.2.1.87:5200/Printer.xml
SERVER: Network Printer Server UPnP/1.0 V4.00.01.31 DEC-23-2014
ST: uuid:16a65700-007c-1000-bb49-30cda79b5419
USN: uuid:16a65700-007c-1000-bb49-30cda79b5419
The code used is as follows
namespace DevManager
{
    using System;
    using System.Collections.Generic;
    using System.IO;
    using System.Net;
    using System.Net.Sockets;
    using System.Text;
    using System.Threading;
    using System.Threading.Tasks;

    public class UPnPDevDiscovery
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// Device search request
        /// </summary>
        private const string searchRequest = "M-SEARCH * HTTP/1.1\r\nHOST: {0}:{1}\r\nMAN: \"ssdp:discover\"\r\nMX: {2}\r\nST: {3}\r\n";

        /// <summary>
        /// Advertisement multicast address
        /// </summary>
        private const string multicastIP = "239.255.255.250";

        /// <summary>
        /// Advertisement multicast port
        /// </summary>
        private const int multicastPort = 1900;

        /// <summary>
        ///  Time to Live (TTL) for multicast messages
        /// </summary>
        private const int multicastTTL = 4;

        private const int unicastPort = 1901;

        private const int MaxResultSize = 8096;

        private const string DefaultDeviceType = "ssdp:all";

        private string deviceType;

        private Action<Device> onDeviceFound;

        private int searchTimeOut;

        private Socket socket;

        private Timer timer;

        private int sendCount;

        private SocketAsyncEventArgs sendEvent;

        private bool socketClosed;

        private List<Task> taskList = new List<Task>();

        public void Initialize(string deviceType, int searchTimeOut, Action<Device> onDeviceFound)
        {
            if (searchTimeOut < 1 || searchTimeOut > 4)
            {
                this.searchTimeOut = multicastTTL;
            }
            else
            {
                this.searchTimeOut = searchTimeOut;
            }

            if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(deviceType))
            {
                this.deviceType = DefaultDeviceType;
            }
            else
            {
                this.deviceType = deviceType;
            }

            this.onDeviceFound = onDeviceFound;
        }

        public void FindDevices()
        {
            string request = string.Format(searchRequest, multicastIP, multicastPort, this.searchTimeOut, this.deviceType);
            socket = new Socket(AddressFamily.InterNetwork, SocketType.Dgram, ProtocolType.Udp);
            byte[] multiCastData = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(request);
            socket.SendBufferSize = multiCastData.Length;
            sendEvent = new SocketAsyncEventArgs();
            sendEvent.RemoteEndPoint = new IPEndPoint(IPAddress.Parse(multicastIP), multicastPort);
            sendEvent.SetBuffer(multiCastData, 0, multiCastData.Length);
            sendEvent.Completed += OnSocketSendEventCompleted;

            // Set a one-shot timer for the Search time plus a second
            TimerCallback cb = new TimerCallback((state) =>
            {
                this.socketClosed = true;
                socket.Close();
            });

            timer = new Timer(cb, null, TimeSpan.FromSeconds(this.searchTimeOut + 1), new TimeSpan(-1));

            // Kick off the initial Send
            this.sendCount = 3;
            this.socketClosed = false;
            socket.SendToAsync(sendEvent);
            //while (!this.socketClosed)
            //{
            //    Thread.Sleep(200);
            //}

            //Task.WaitAll(this.taskList.ToArray());
            //this.taskList.Clear();
        }

        private void OnSocketSendEventCompleted(object sender, SocketAsyncEventArgs e)
        {
            if (e.SocketError != SocketError.Success)
            {
                this.AddDevice(null);
            }
            else
            {
                if (e.LastOperation == SocketAsyncOperation.SendTo)
                {
                    if (--this.sendCount != 0)
                    {
                        if (!this.socketClosed)
                        {
                            socket.SendToAsync(sendEvent);
                        }
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        // When the initial multicast is done, get ready to receive responses
                        e.RemoteEndPoint = new IPEndPoint(IPAddress.Any, 0);
                        socket.ReceiveBufferSize = MaxResultSize;
                        byte[] receiveBuffer = new byte[MaxResultSize];
                        e.SetBuffer(receiveBuffer, 0, MaxResultSize);
                        socket.ReceiveFromAsync(e);
                    }
                }
                else if (e.LastOperation == SocketAsyncOperation.ReceiveFrom)
                {
                    // Got a response, so decode it
                    string result = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(e.Buffer, 0, e.BytesTransferred);
                    if (result.StartsWith("HTTP/1.1 200 OK", StringComparison.InvariantCultureIgnoreCase))
                    {
                        //parse device and invoke callback
                        AddDevice(result);
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        //Debug.WriteLine("INVALID SEARCH RESPONSE");
                    }

                    if (!this.socketClosed)
                    {
                        // and kick off another read
                        socket.ReceiveFromAsync(e);
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        // unless socket was closed, when declare the scan is complete
                        //AddDevice(result);
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        private void AddDevice(string response)
        {
            Console.WriteLine(response);
            //Task addDeviceTask = Task.Run(() =>
            //{
            //    // parse the result and download the device description
            //    if (this.onDeviceFound != null && response != null)
            //    {
            //        Dictionary<string, string> ssdpResponse = ParseSSDPResponse(response);
            //        HttpWebRequest webRequest = (HttpWebRequest)WebRequest.Create(ssdpResponse["location"]);
            //        WebResponse webResponse = webRequest.GetResponse();
            //        using (DeviceXml deviceXml = new DeviceXml(webResponse.GetResponseStream()))
            //        {
            //            this.onDeviceFound(deviceXml.GetObject());
            //        }
            //    }
            //});

            //this.taskList.Add(addDeviceTask);
        }

        // Probably not exactly compliant with RFC 2616 but good enough for now
        private Dictionary<string, string> ParseSSDPResponse(string response)
        {
            StringReader reader = new StringReader(response);

            string line = reader.ReadLine();
            if (line != "HTTP/1.1 200 OK")
                return null;

            Dictionary<string, string> result = new Dictionary<string, string>();

            for (;;)
            {
                line = reader.ReadLine();
                if (line == null)
                    break;
                if (line != "")
                {
                    int colon = line.IndexOf(':');
                    if (colon < 1)
                    {
                        return null;
                    }
                    string name = line.Substring(0, colon).Trim();
                    string value = line.Substring(colon + 1).Trim();
                    if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(name))
                    {
                        return null;
                    }
                    result[name.ToLowerInvariant()] = value;
                }
            }
            return result;
        }
    }
}

A: I've moved the above into a minimal working implementation here:
using System;
using System.Net;
using System.Net.Sockets;
using System.Text;
using System.Timers;
namespace SomeApp
{
    public class UPnPDevDiscovery
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// Device search request
        /// </summary>
    private const string searchRequest = @"M-SEARCH * HTTP/1.1
HOST: {0}:{1}
MAN: ""ssdp:discover""
MX: {2}
ST: {3}

";
        /// <summary>
        /// Advertisement multicast address
        /// </summary>
        private const string MulticastIP = "239.255.255.250";

        /// <summary>
        /// Advertisement multicast port
        /// </summary>
        private const int multicastPort = 1900;

        /// <summary>
        ///  Time to Live (TTL) for multicast messages
        /// </summary>
        private const int multicastTTL = 4;

        private const int MaxResultSize = 8096;

        private const string DefaultDeviceType = "ssdp:all";

        private int searchTimeOut = 5; //Seconds

        private Socket socket;

        private SocketAsyncEventArgs sendEvent;

        public void FindDevices()
        {
            string request = string.Format(searchRequest, MulticastIP, multicastPort, this.searchTimeOut, DefaultDeviceType);
            Console.WriteLine("Sending: \n" + request);

            byte[] multiCastData = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(request);

            socket = new Socket(AddressFamily.InterNetwork, SocketType.Dgram, ProtocolType.Udp);
            socket.SendBufferSize = multiCastData.Length;
            sendEvent = new SocketAsyncEventArgs();
            sendEvent.RemoteEndPoint = new IPEndPoint(IPAddress.Parse(MulticastIP), multicastPort);
            sendEvent.SetBuffer(multiCastData, 0, multiCastData.Length);
            sendEvent.Completed += OnSocketSendEventCompleted;

            Timer t = new Timer(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(this.searchTimeOut + 1).TotalMilliseconds);
            t.Elapsed += (e, s) => {
                socket.Dispose();
                socket = null;
            };

            // Kick off the initial Send
            socket.SetSocketOption(SocketOptionLevel.IP,SocketOptionName.MulticastInterface, IPAddress.Parse(MulticastIP).GetAddressBytes());
            socket.SendToAsync(sendEvent);
            t.Start();
        }

        private void OnSocketSendEventCompleted(object sender, SocketAsyncEventArgs e)
        {
            if (e.SocketError != SocketError.Success)
            {
                Console.WriteLine("SocketError: " + e.SocketError);
                return;
            }

            switch (e.LastOperation)
            {
                case SocketAsyncOperation.SendTo:
                    Console.WriteLine("Send complete");

                    // When the initial multicast is done, get ready to receive responses
                    e.RemoteEndPoint = new IPEndPoint(IPAddress.Any, 0);
                    byte[] receiveBuffer = new byte[MaxResultSize];
                    socket.ReceiveBufferSize = receiveBuffer.Length;
                    e.SetBuffer(receiveBuffer, 0, MaxResultSize);

                    Console.WriteLine("Waiting for response");
                    socket.ReceiveFromAsync(e);
                    break;

                case SocketAsyncOperation.ReceiveFrom:
                    Console.WriteLine("Received:");
                    // Got a response, so decode it
                    string result = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(e.Buffer, 0, e.BytesTransferred);
                    if (result.StartsWith("HTTP/1.1 200 OK", StringComparison.InvariantCultureIgnoreCase))
                        Console.WriteLine(result);
                    else
                        Console.WriteLine("INVALID SEARCH RESPONSE\n" + result);

                    if (socket != null)// and kick off another read
                        socket.ReceiveFromAsync(e);
                    break;
                default:
                    Console.WriteLine("***"+e.LastOperation);
                    break;
            }
        }
    }
}


text:
Q: UICollectionView weird scroll issue I making the universal app, and weird scroll issue happens on iPhone.
When I slide my finger to scroll through the collection view, normally when you tap on UICollectionView it stops (For example Photos App), in my case it continues to scroll. It only stops to scroll if the scrolling speed is low.
Other issue, not sure if related: the scrollToTop doesn't work on iPhone while on iPad it works fine.
This behavior occurs on physical devices and simulator, with iOS 6.1.

A: I've found the solution to my issue. I have not described this implementation detail before, because I didn't knew that it was related to my issue.
I'm using the SDWebImage framework to download and cache remote images, and when the image is downloaded, I animate the cell using the UIView animateWithDuration block.
I  was using the following the following code to perform the animation:
[UIView animateWithDuration:ANIMATION_TIME animations:^{
   // Animation Code
}];

It looks like by default, UIView animateWithDuration doesn't allow interaction during the animation. The following code solved my issue:
[UIView animateWithDuration:ANIMATION_TIME
                      delay:0
                    options:(UIViewAnimationOptionCurveLinear | UIViewAnimationOptionAllowUserInteraction)
                 animations:^{
                     // Animation Code
               } completion:nil];


text:
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ASIC Supervisory Cost Recovery Levy Bill 2017
Long Title
a Bill for an Act to impose a levy on persons regulated by the Australian Securities and Investments Commission, and for related purposes
House of Reps
Parl No.
Reps Bill Code
legislation/bills/r5842_first-reps/0000
Note: Where available, the PDF/Word icon below is provided to view the complete and fully formatted document
Download Word Download PDF
Bill home page
2 Commencement
3 Act binds the Crown
4 External Territories
5 Extraterritorial application
6 Act does not impose levy on property of a State
8 Imposition of levy
9 Amount of levy
10 Meaning of regulatory costs
11 Disallowance and effect of instruments
12 Treatment of partnerships, unincorporated associations and multiple trustees
13 Regulations
Content Window
The Parliament of the
Presented and read a first time
No. , 2017
(Treasury)
1............ Short title............................................................................................. 1
2............ Commencement................................................................................... 1
3............ Act binds the Crown........................................................................... 2
4............ External Territories.............................................................................. 2
5............ Extraterritorial application................................................................... 2
6............ Act does not impose levy on property of a State................................. 2
7............ Definitions.......................................................................................... 3
8............ Imposition of levy............................................................................... 6
9............ Amount of levy................................................................................... 7
10.......... Meaning of regulatory costs ............................................................... 9
11.......... Disallowance and effect of instruments............................................. 11
12.......... Treatment of partnerships, unincorporated associations and multiple trustees 12
13.......... Regulations....................................................................................... 13
The Parliament of Australia enacts:
This Act is the ASIC Supervisory Cost Recovery Levy Act 2017 .
(1) Each provision of this Act specified in column 1 of the table commences, or is taken to have commenced, in accordance with column 2 of the table. Any other statement in column 2 has effect according to its terms.
Date/Details
1. The whole of this Act
1 July 2017.
Note: This table relates only to the provisions of this Act as originally enacted. It will not be amended to deal with any later amendments of this Act.
(2) Any information in column 3 of the table is not part of this Act. Information may be inserted in this column, or information in it may be edited, in any published version of this Act.
This Act binds the Crown in right of each of the States, of the Australian Capital Territory, of the Northern Territory and of Norfolk Island. However, it does not bind the Crown in right of the Commonwealth.
This Act extends to every external Territory.
This Act extends to acts, omissions, matters and things outside Australia.
(1) This Act does not impose a tax on property of any kind belonging to a State.
(2) In this section, property of any kind belonging to a State has the same meaning as in section 114 of the Constitution.
In this Act:
ASIC means the Australian Securities and Investments Commission.
audit entity means:
(a) a registered company auditor (within the meaning of the Corporations Act 2001 ); or
(b) a partnership or unincorporated association that is an audit firm (within the meaning of the Corporations Act 2001 ); or
(c) an audit company (within the meaning of the Corporations Act 2001 ); or
(d) an authorised audit company (within the meaning of the Corporations Act 2001 ); or
(e) an individual auditor (within the meaning of the Corporations Act 2001 ); or
(f) a person regulated by ASIC who is in a class of persons prescribed by the regulations.
company-like entity means:
(a) a Part 5.1 body (within the meaning of the Corporations Act 2001 ); or
(b) a Part 5.7 body (within the meaning of the Corporations Act 2001 ); or
(c) a body (other than a company) that is a disclosing entity under subsection 111AC(1) of the Corporations Act 2001 ; or
(d) a person regulated by ASIC who is in a class of persons prescribed by the regulations.
credit services entity means:
(a) a licensee within the meaning of the National Consumer Credit Protection Act 2009 ; or
(b) a person who is exempt from the operation of section 29 of the National Consumer Credit Protection Act 2009 (which is about the requirement to hold a credit licence) under any of the following provisions of that Act:
(i) paragraph 109(1)(a);
(ii) paragraph 109(3)(a);
(iii) paragraph 110(a);
but only if the person is required to notify ASIC that the person is so exempt; or
(c) a person who contravenes section 29 of the National Consumer Credit Protection Act 2009 ; or
exempt entity , for a financial year, means a regulated entity that is in a class of persons prescribed by the regulations for the financial year.
financial services entity means:
(a) a financial services licensee (within the meaning of the Corporations Act 2001 ); or
(b) an RSE licensee; or
(c) a person who is exempt from the requirement in section 911A of the Corporations Act 2001 to hold an Australian financial services licence for a financial service under any of the following provisions of that Act:
(i) subsection 911A(2);
(ii) paragraph 926A(2)(a);
(iii) paragraph 926B(1)(a);
(d) a person who contravenes subsection 911A(1) of the Corporations Act 2001 ; or
(e) a person regulated by ASIC who is in a class of persons prescribed by the regulations.
leviable entity , for a financial year, means a person who:
(a) is a regulated entity at any time in the financial year; and
(b) is not an exempt entity for the financial year.
liquidator entity means:
(a) a registered liquidator (within the meaning of the Corporations Act 2001 ); or
(b) a person regulated by ASIC who is in a class of persons prescribed by the regulations.
market infrastructure entity means:
(a) a market licensee (within the meaning of Chapter 7 of the Corporations Act 2001 ); or
(b) a person who operates a financial market that is exempt under section 791C from the operation of Part 7.2 of the Corporations Act 2001 ; or
(c) a person who is exempt under paragraph 907D(2)(a) of the Corporations Act 2001 from the operation of section 905A of that Act, but only if the person is required to notify ASIC that the person is so exempt; or
(d) a person who:
(i) is a participant in a licensed market for the purposes of Chapter 7 of the Corporations Act 2001 ; or
(ii) would be such a participant if the definition of participant in section 761A of that Act covered a person who is allowed to indirectly participate in the facility or market concerned; or
(e) a CS facility licensee (within the meaning of Chapter 7 of the Corporations Act 2001 ); or
(f) a person who operates a clearing and settlement facility that is exempt under section 820C from the operation of Part 7.3 of the Corporations Act 2001 ; or
(g) a derivative trade repository licensee (within the meaning of Chapter 7 of the Corporations Act 2001 ); or
(h) a person who contravenes section 791A of the Corporations Act 2001 (which is about the requirement to hold a market licence); or
(i) a person who contravenes section 820A of the Corporations Act 2001 (which is about the requirement to hold an Australian CS facility licence); or
(j) a person who contravenes section 905A of the Corporations Act 2001 (which is about the requirement for certain derivative trade repositories to be licensed); or
(k) a person regulated by ASIC who is in a class of persons prescribed by the regulations.
person has a meaning affected by section 12.
regulated entity means:
(a) a company that is registered under the Corporations Act 2001 ; or
(b) a financial services entity; or
(c) a credit services entity; or
(d) a market infrastructure entity; or
(e) an audit entity; or
(f) a liquidator entity; or
(g) a company-like entity; or
(h) a person regulated by ASIC who is in a class of persons prescribed by the regulations.
regulatory costs , for a financial year, has the meaning given by section 10.
RSE licensee has the same meaning as in the Superannuation Industry (Supervision) Act 1993 .
sector means:
(a) if the regulations specify sectors—a group of one or more entities each of which meets the criteria specified in the regulations for the sector; or
(b) otherwise—a group of one or more entities each of which satisfies a particular paragraph of the definition of regulated entity .
Note: An entity may form part of more than one sector.
sub-sector means a group of one or more entities each of which meets the criteria specified in the regulations for the sub-sector.
Note: An entity may form part of more than one sub-sector.
Levy payable in accordance with section 8 of the ASIC Supervisory Cost Recovery Levy (Collection) Act 2017 is imposed.
(1) The amount of levy payable by a leviable entity for a financial year is the amount worked out in accordance with the regulations.
(2) The objectives are:
(a) that the total amount of levy payable by all leviable entities in relation to a financial year equals the amount of ASIC's regulatory costs for the financial year; and
(b) that the total amount of levy payable by all leviable entities in a particular sector or sub-sector in a financial year equals the amount of ASIC's regulatory costs relating to that sector or sub-sector for that financial year.
(3) For the purposes of subsection (2), disregard the effect of section 15 of the ASIC Supervisory Cost Recovery Levy (Collection) Act 2017 (about waiver of levy payable).
(4) Before the Governor-General makes regulations under subsection (1), the Minister must be satisfied that the regulations are consistent with the objectives stated in subsection (2).
(5) Without limiting subsection (1), the regulations may do one or more of the following:
(a) specify an amount or a method for determining an amount;
(b) specify different amounts or methods for different classes of leviable entities, different sectors or different sub-sectors;
(c) specify a nil amount, or a method resulting in a nil amount;
(d) specify methods that refer to acts done or circumstances existing before either the commencement of the regulations or the commencement of this Act, or both.
Annual legislative instrument
(6) Regulations made for the purposes of subsection (1) may provide for ASIC to make, by legislative instrument, for each financial year, a determination specifying one or more of the following:
(a) amounts to be used for that financial year in a method or methods specified in the regulations;
(b) the number of leviable entities in a particular class, sector or sub-sector in that financial year.
(7) Before ASIC makes a legislative instrument as mentioned in subsection (6) for a financial year, ASIC must be satisfied, having regard to information provided to ASIC, that the legislative instrument is consistent with the objectives stated in subsection (2).
(8) A legislative instrument made by ASIC as mentioned in subsection (6) may only be made, for a financial year, after the last day by which returns relating to the financial year must be lodged with ASIC under section 11 of the ASIC Supervisory Cost Recovery Levy (Collection) Act 2017 .
Retrospective application of instruments
(9) Subsection 12(2) (retrospective application of legislative instruments) of the Legislation Act 2003 does not apply in relation to the following:
(a) regulations made for the purposes of subsection (1);
(b) a legislative instrument made by ASIC as mentioned in subsection (6).
(1) ASIC's regulatory costs for a financial year means the amount determined in an instrument under subsection (2) for the financial year.
(2) ASIC must, by legislative instrument, make a determination:
(a) specifying the amount of its regulatory costs for a financial year; and
(b) specifying the extent to which those costs are attributable to each sub-sector.
Limit on amount of regulatory costs
(3) The amount determined by ASIC under paragraph (2)(a) must not exceed the sum of all amounts appropriated by the Parliament for the purposes of ASIC for the financial year.
Amounts that ASIC must not include
(4) In determining an amount for a financial year under paragraph (2)(a), ASIC must not include the following amounts:
(a) amounts relating directly to the regulation of persons and entities that are not leviable entities;
(b) costs giving rise to amounts debited from a special account established under paragraph 78(1)(a) of the Public Governance, Performance and Accountability Act 2013 ;
(c) amounts prescribed by the regulations for the purposes of this paragraph.
Amounts that ASIC may include
(5) In determining an amount for a financial year under paragraph (2)(a), ASIC may, subject to subsection (4), include the following amounts:
(a) costs relating directly or indirectly to the regulation of leviable entities;
(b) without limiting paragraph (a), costs relating to the following:
(i) surveillance;
(ii) education;
(iii) guidance;
(iv) engagement with industry;
(v) policy advice;
(c) the total of all amounts that, in the financial year, are debited against an appropriation and credited to a special account of the kind referred to in paragraph (4)(b) (even if the debits from the special account in the financial year fall short of the amount of those credits);
(d) depreciation of capital costs, whether the costs were incurred before, on or after the commencement of this Act;
(e) amounts prescribed by the regulations for the purposes of this paragraph.
Note: An Appropriation Act provides for amounts to be credited to a special account if any of the purposes of the account is a purpose that is covered by an item in the Appropriation Act.
Adjustment for under or over collection in prior year
(6) If the amount of levy collected in relation to a financial year falls short of, or exceeds, the amount of ASIC's regulatory costs for the financial year, ASIC must, in making an instrument under subsection (2):
(a) for an excess of collected levy—reduce the amount of its regulatory costs for the following financial year by the amount of the excess; or
(b) for a shortfall of collected levy—increase the amount of its regulatory costs for the following financial year by the amount of the shortfall, to the extent the shortfall does not arise because of section 15 of the ASIC Supervisory Cost Recovery Levy (Collection) Act 2017 (about waiver of levy payable).
Attributing regulatory costs to sub-sectors
(7) In determining, for the purposes of paragraph (2)(b), the extent to which regulatory costs for a financial year are attributable to a sub-sector, ASIC must have regard to the following principles:
(a) costs relating to the direct regulation of leviable entities in particular sub-sectors are attributed to that sub-sector;
(b) costs relating indirectly to the regulation of leviable entities are attributed to each sub-sector in proportion to the regulatory resources dedicated to that sub-sector;
(c) an excess or shortfall that creates an adjustment under subsection (6) is attributable to the sub-sector in which the excess or shortfall arose;
(d) amounts credited to a special account as referred to in paragraph (5)(c) are to be attributed, over time and in a reasonable manner, to the sub-sectors to which the costs giving rise to debits to the special account relate.
(a) regulations made for the purposes of paragraph (4)(c) or (5)(e);
(b) a legislative instrument made for the purposes of subsection (2).
(1) This section applies to the following:
(a) an instrument made by ASIC as mentioned in subsection 9(6);
(b) an instrument made by ASIC under subsection 10(2).
Disallowance
(2) The Legislation Act 2003 applies to the instrument as if:
(a) references in sections 42 and 47 of that Act to 15 sitting days were instead references to 5 sitting days; and
(b) subsection 42(2) provided that an instrument or provision specified in a notice of motion to which that subsection applies is taken not to have been disallowed (instead of being taken to have been disallowed and to cease at that time to have effect).
When instrument takes effect
(3) If neither House of Parliament passes a resolution disallowing the instrument or a provision of the instrument, the instrument takes effect:
(a) on the day immediately after the last day upon which such a resolution could have been passed; or
(b) if a later day is specified in the instrument—on that later day.
(4) If either House of Parliament passes a resolution disallowing a provision of the instrument, the remaining provisions of the instrument take effect:
(a) on the day immediately after the last day upon which a resolution disallowing the instrument or a provision of the instrument could have been passed; or
(5) If either House of Parliament passes a resolution disallowing the instrument, the instrument does not take effect.
Application to partnerships
(1) This Act applies to a partnership as if the partnership were a person. However, obligations that would be imposed on the partnership are imposed instead on each partner, but may be discharged by any of the partners.
Application to unincorporated associations
(2) This Act applies to an unincorporated association as if the unincorporated association were a person. However, an obligation that would otherwise be imposed on the association is imposed on each member of the association's committee of management instead, but may be discharged by any of the members.
Application to RSE licensee that is a group of individual trustees
(3) This Act applies to an RSE licensee that is a group of individual trustees as if the group were a person. However, an obligation that would otherwise be imposed on the group is imposed on each individual, but may be discharged by any of the individuals.
Application to multiple trustees treated as single entity
(4) Subsections (5), (6) and (7) apply if a trustee or trustees of a trust are treated during a period as constituting:
(a) a single legal entity (the notional entity ) under section 761FA of the Corporations Act 2001 ; or
(b) a single person (also the notional entity ) under section 15 of the National Consumer Credit Protection Act 2009 .
(5) This Act applies to the notional entity during the period as if the notional entity were a person, but with the changes set out in subsections (6) and (7).
(6) During the period, or any part of the period, that the trust has 2 or more trustees, an obligation that would otherwise be imposed on the notional entity by this Act is imposed instead on each trustee, but may be discharged by any of the trustees.
(7) During the period, or any part of the period, that the trust has only one trustee, an obligation that would otherwise be imposed on the notional entity by this Act is imposed instead on that single trustee.
The Governor-General may make regulations prescribing matters:
(a) required or permitted by this Act to be prescribed by the regulations; or
(b) necessary or convenient to be prescribed for carrying out or giving effect to this Act.
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