The United States is on a non-stop track as one of the world's largest consumers of energy and producers of waste, and it's been this way since the Industrial Revolution. Americans live an ostentatious and generally affluent lifestyle; purchasing new items every time something else is released on the market, and following the flow of what's 'trendy' and 'popular.' Though this may seem to be a suitable way to live for many, not everyone on planet Earth can live this way, for if every person on Earth lived the life of the average American, then Earth's resources would be quickly and completely exploited and humanity would no longer be able to be sustained. Even without the rest of the world consuming and using the Earth and its resources like many Americans, it seems that, within the next century, many of the resources used now on a daily basis will be run dry and gone forever.
In terms of the consumption of energy resources, the United States is second to first in consuming the most nonrenewable resources on the planet; the first is China. The most common nonrenewable resources used by the US are fossil fuels, including petroleum and coal, as well as natural gas. All of these sources of energy release greenhouse gases into the Earth's atmosphere during multiple phases of their lifespan and usage, which is leading to permanent changes to the planet, such as the 'greenhouse effect' and climate change.
The greenhouse effect is the phenomenon of greenhouse gases, like carbon dioxide and methane, entering the atmosphere and creating a blanket that, when the sun's radiation waves enter the Earth, prevent the waves from escaping the atmosphere and going back into space. Instead, this blanket of greenhouse gases keeps the waves trapped in the Earth, warming the Earth's climate. Climate change covers the idea of the greenhouse effect, as well as other occurrences like desertification, melting ice caps, and sea level rise.
Currently in the United States, more than 27 percent of the energy consumed goes towards transportation. Unlike many other countries, such as France and Japan, the United States doesn't rely heavily on the use of public transit, but rather people in the US prefer to own their individual vehicles. On average, 9 out of 10 Americans own a car, which makes America the number one country in car ownership in the world. Powering these automobiles takes a large amount of petroleum, or oil, which almost 72 percent of the petroleum used in the US, on average, goes towards. And as though being the number one user of automobiles weren't enough, Americans also have a fascination and desire to have large trucks and SUVs, which consume far more gas and oil than more sustainable cars.
Even if the automobile was taken out of the overall picture, the rest of the world still couldn't afford to live like the average American. For an American living on the east coast, there are usually no worries about water supply and running out of water never crosses most Americans minds. Showers are taken multiple times a day, cars are washed outside on peoples' driveways, and the dishwasher is run daily in many households. Places like the Middle East and Africa could never live with such carelessness in regards to water, because if they were to do so their water supply would run dry in an instant.
Electricity is another extravagant luxury that Americans tend to take advantage of. There are many countries in the world that still lack means of electricity, such as small rural places in Africa, while Americans use so much electricity on a daily basis that North America's coal supply will run out within the next 50 years. Not only are Americans using so much electricity that they will run out of coal, but they resource itself requires much work and deterioration to the land to retrieve. Techniques such as strip mining and mountaintop removal help us acquire things like coal and other minerals, but the processes also destroy and devastate the land and the surrounding ecosystems; if the entire world farmed for minerals and fossil fuels like the United States, then most of the Earth's pristine habitats and environments would cease to exist.
When observing the overall population in North America, one would notice that the country is not one of the leaders in growth and numbers. This works in America's advantage because if China, for example, were to having developing and residential areas like the United States, then the country would be covered in nothing but neighborhoods and residential zones. American households are larger and more spacious than that of other nations, with the growth of residential communities impacting ecological habitats and places like the Florida Everglades. Because Americans prefer more privacy and more space, homes are moving further out from bustling cities and into suburbs, creating a greater need for commuting and more destruction to ecosystems that once lay silently on the city's outskirts.
Many of these American habits and ways of life seem to be running on an endless track with no resolution anywhere in sight. Though there isn't any means to an end for the United States in the near future, there are a few attempts and efforts to try and heal some of the wounds we have inflicted on the planet, like through energy-use and transportation. Any ideas and trials developed and tested now, however, are nothing more than a start to trying to modify and change our lifestyles to make Earth a better place for all of its inhabitants.
Currently the United States only consumes between 7 and 8 percent of renewable energy resources. The sources utilized to obtain renewable energy in the US include solar, wind, hydroelectric, wave, and biofuel energy. Though the US has the funding to build more renewable energy resources, there aren't nearly enough places that are contributing this sort of energy to the US's total energy consumption. The reasons behind why the US doesn't take more action towards utilizing more energy resources are things like a, currently, poor economical state, a divided government system, and the prodigal US lifestyle; all of these have led to a country that is fearful and hesitant about moving from a reliance on nonrenewable energy towards greener solutions. If the US were to shift to using nothing but renewable energy, then other countries would learn by our actions and the Earth and its resources would be more sustained and cleaner. There would no longer be the destruction of habitats for the collection of wood or coal; mountains would no longer be destroyed and rainforests would start to slowly be restored to their original state. This would benefit countless people not only for recreational use, but also for the natural cleansing of the Earth, since trees help store CO2 on a seasonal cycle.
The creation of a greener engine for the automobile, and even a more sustainable source of fuel, would solve the problem of the overpopulation of vehicles used in the United States. If cars like the Hummer and the Ford Expedition ceased to exist on the roads, and were replaced with a breed of car that used less gas than today's current Toyota Prius, then the amount of gasoline and petroleum needed would significantly decrease, leading to a decrease in CO2 emissions due to transportation. This would make the current numbers in car usage be less impacting on the planet, and would eventually lead to greener and more innovative technologies. Unfortunately for the United States, it is a large country with many smaller economies that it is divided into, making it difficult to develop decent transportation in terms of trains and high speed railways. This idea works in countries like France and Japan because they are smaller and the population can't afford to use individual cars due to congestion. Therefore, the idea of developing railways that decrease the need for cars is still in the working and depends solely on the individual states need or desire to have one.
When looking at habitat encroachment, the United States has very few restrictions stopping it from developing wherever it pleases, throwing once untouched and fragile environments, like the Everglades and rolling prairies, into dismay. If residential companies took the time to plan and develop a more efficient and sustainable neighborhood design, then encroachment and fragmentation wouldn't be an issue. City developers must learn to design cities in a way that they are more effective and sufficient and so that there aren't countless miles of outstretched suburbs on the city's outskirts.
Through modification and change, the United States can help shift the Earth's status of health from one of constant decline to that of a thriving, and healthy planet. The United States and its citizens must become role models and set examples to parts of the world that are still in the developing phases. If places like Africa and China were to take a look at the US and develop their country and their peoples' lifestyles based on our own, then Earth would no longer be able to sustain the human race and resources vital to life, such as food and freshwater, would run out.
The United States, being a leader in world power, is one of the most influential nations and therefore needs to take action and responsibility as a leader, and its citizens need to break away from the desire to live materialistic and personal pleasure based lifestyles. US citizens are the backbone to the nation, and so the nation's habits and downfalls fall solely onto the people as being responsible and unable to take action to change for the better. Citizens control the government and the state of the economy, as well as the state of our country's environment. If the US people took action to change their lifestyles, to start preserving water rather than leaving the faucets running or taking long showers, to take the public bus once or twice a week instead of driving their car, or to shut off the a/c and other appliances when no one is home to save energy, then the US would already be a greener nation. Behaviors such as using reusable grocery bags, reusing plastic bottles, conserving water, and rebuilding habitats show that there is progress, even if it is small.
United States citizens are privileged to be able to live a life without worry and to be able to use energy and water without much more than the care of monetary value. Other nations could only ever dream to live in such a way. It is one thing to know and to prove that if the rest of the world were to live like the average American that resources would shortly run out and that the planet would no longer be able to sustain life, but it is another to know that if the United States moved towards a greener lifestyle, that other countries would be able to benefit from it as well, through both a cleaner planet and a learning example. And although the United States isn't changing on a drastic scale, time is slowly starting to reveal the Americans can modify their lifestyles to be more sustainable and better for the planet.


text:
Anthology, Independent Comic Book Review, Manga Review, Saturday AM, Web Comics
XERO: King of Thieves, Chapter 1 (Saturday AM #74)
Date: September 21, 2017Author: Jose J. Becerra Jr.
A big thank you goes out to Jin Chan Yum Wai (creator of High School Romance), for sending me a review copy of his latest one-shot series, "XERO: King of Thieves," which is currently featured in issue #74 of Saturday AM, "a bi-weekly digital English-language magazine, featuring diverse artists, characters and, the hottest amateur manga webcomics in the world." As quoted by the staff at Saturday AM, "XERO: KING OF THIEVES – our very 1st manga from China! Jin Chan Yum Wai brings a TRULY DELIGHTFUL ADVENTURE COMIC to our readers."
Looking at the cover, readers will see the title character, Xero, and he's carrying a bag…that has a smile on its face. This peaked my interest, so I wondered how this story would play out. From the opening sequence, readers will see a similar plot to the one told in Eiichiro Oda's manga/anime series of "One Piece." But, here's what separates "One Piece" from "XERO: King of Thieves," the beginning of THIS story is the epilogue. Therefore, Xero is the current "King of Thieves," and readers won't see his gang or their quest on accomplishing this feat.
One noticeable detail is the Akira Toriyama inspired artwork. There are similarities to the series "Dragonball," but the story is far from being similar. The story starts off with Xero being hungry, and he asks the bag how it's doing. The bag simply responds with a hungered look on its face as well, but what are Xero and the bag waiting for?
A panel shows the readers the front page of a newspaper, "The Saturday Times," and the headline reads, "King's New Crown." Shortly after, Xero hears a truck approaching, so Xero and the bag hop on down from the canyons to sneak on top of the truck. Xero pulls out his grappling hook to enter the back of the truck, and his description of the crown will make readers chuckle, but despite Xero's opinion of the crown, he's on a mission with the bag, so they "get-a-stealin'."
Sometimes people say things and regret saying those words shortly after…Xero has one of these moments as he's attempting to steal the crown. Another character appears, and she tosses Xero from the rear of the truck. The two fight for a few pages while engaging in a conversation. This is where the action takes place in the story, but this is where the basis of the plot is revealed…
The final act of this story is so intense, readers will want to read more…but this is a one-shot story, so this is it (for now). This is a story that's different, unique…people won't read an adventure quite like this, and that's what makes it so fun to read! The artwork and story by Jin Chan Yum Wai are presented nicely in this issue, and it's completely different from his other series, "High School Romance," so it's nice to see a different genre from him played out so well. Only time will tell if we'll see more of these characters…
Overall, this was fun to read, and I rate "XERO: King of Thieves," 4.5 out of 5 Geek-Heads! And this is one of five stories featured in issue #74 of Saturday AM! There are also interviews, pin-ups, and much more in each publication! You can purchase Saturday AM #74 by clicking HERE. OR…you can purchase a yearly subscription to Saturday AM for as low as $5 (basic plan; 20 issues per year), by clicking HERE. There is also a premium membership offered at $25 per year, with more incentives.
© 2017 Saturday-AM.com. © 2017 Jin Chan Yum Wai. All Rights Reserved.
Action/AdventureAnthologyComic BooksComicsDigital ComicsIndependent Comic BooksIndependent ComicsJin Chan Yum WaiMangaSaturday AMWeb ComicsWebcomics
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


A British education differs from other systems of education in some key aspects. A key aim is to develop a deep understanding of the subject matter, rather than relying on a large amount of rote learning of facts. Although tests and assessments do take place regularly, there is no "monthly test" as such and, indeed, teaching excessively to the test, rather than highlighting learning for the sake of learning, is frowned upon.
In Mathematics, for example, known as "Numeracy" in Primary, emphasis is placed on mental and oral maths, often via starter activities in Numeracy lessons in Primary, as well as written maths exercises. English, or "Literacy" lessons are aimed at fostering strong key skills, including broad reading and writing, speaking and listening and drama abilities, as well as learning vocabulary, spelling words, and grammar rules.
Homework will be light in early Primary (Foundation and Key Stage One), when it is expected that children will do a small session of daily reading with a parent or carer/ guardian. The homework load will increase as children get older; it tends to be heavy for Years 2 and above around the time of the Arabic midyear and end-year exams for local pupils who take Arabic, Religion and Egyptian Social Studies. It is expected that children will be responsible in doing their homework and will be able to complete it quite independently, especially from Key Stage 2 onwards.
Teachers plan to meet various learning styles (kinaesthetic, auditory and visual), and use technology, often via the class Smart Board, to deliver high-impact, multi-sensory and memorable lessons to our young learners. Some learning may take place in out-of-class contexts, such as an animal hunt in the school grounds, or measuring work, estimating and measuring the length and width of the school playground, or linked to a school visit or curriculum-related trip.
Books are bought by school and by parents and will often be used for class work and homework, but the English National Curriculum is based on a series of objectives rather than just books, and a variety of suitable resources will be used to support learning and teaching not just books alone.
Excellent attendance and punctuality is expected of pupils. Any pupil with a series of unauthorised and undocumented absences may be asked to leave the school. Poor attendance is extremely closely linked statistically with academic failure, and we believe at The British School in Cairo that every lesson and every day really counts.


text:
Franz Ignaz Danzi (15 June 1763 – 13 April 1826) was a German cellist, composer and conductor, the son of the Italian cellist Innocenz Danzi (1730–1798) and brother of the noted singer Franzeska Danzi. Danzi lived at a significant time in the history of European music. His career, spanning the transition from the late Classical to the early Romantic styles, coincided with the origin of much of the music that lives in our concert halls and is familiar to contemporary classical-music audiences. As a young man he knew Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, whom he revered; he was a contemporary of Ludwig van Beethoven, about whom he — like many of his generation — had strong but mixed feelings; and he was a mentor for the young Carl Maria von Weber, whose music he respected and promoted.

Life and career

Born in Schwetzingen and raised in Mannheim, Danzi studied with his father and with Georg Joseph Vogler before he joined the superlative orchestra of the Elector Karl Theodor in 1778 as a teenager.

In 1780, the first of his woodwind compositions was published at Mannheim. His father, principal cellist of the orchestra, was praised by Mozart for his playing at the premiere of Idomeneo. Danzi remained behind in a Mannheim that was rendered more provincial when Karl Theodor moved his court to Munich in 1778. After an apprenticeship with the small theatre orchestra left in Mannheim, he rejoined the main court in Munich as principal cellist — taking his father's position — in 1784.

In 1790, he married the singer and composer Maria Margarethe Marchand, with whom he travelled in an opera troupe to Leipzig, Prague, Venice, and Florence.

By 1798, once more in Munich, he rose to the position of assistant Kapellmeister in one of the most important musical centers of Europe, but in 1807, unhappy at the treatment he received at court and despairing of any further advancement, he left Munich to be Kapellmeister in the smaller and less important Stuttgart court of the new king of Württemberg, Frederick I.

After five years he moved again to Karlsruhe, where he spent the last years of his life at the Royal Konservatorium struggling to raise the modest courtly musical establishment to respectability.

He died in Karlsruhe, aged 62.

Contribution
Danzi is known today chiefly for his woodwind quintets, in which he took justifiable pride for the idiomatic treatment of the individual instruments. He composed in most major genres of the time, including opera, church music, orchestral works, and many varieties of chamber music. He was a first-rate cellist as well as a conscientious and — by all reports — effective orchestra leader and conductor.

At Schwetzingen, the city concert hall was renamed in his honour in 2005.

Family
Francesca Lebrun (1756–91), a singer and composer, was Franz Danzi's sister.

Selected works

Among his compositions are:
 Symphonie Concertante in E major for Wind Quintet and Orchestra (1785)
 3 String Quartets, Op. 5
 6 String Quartets, Op. 6
 3 Duos for viola and cello (book 1)
 3 Duos for viola and cello, Op. 9 (book 2)
 Wind Sextet in E major, Op. 10
 Septet in E major, Op. 10 (arrangement of Sextet, Op. 10)
 Septet in E major, Op. 15
 Sinfonia in C major for Orchestra, Op. 25 (Danzi wrote 8 Sinfonias)
 Horn Sonata in E major, Op. 28 (c.1804)
 3 String Quartets, Op. 29
 Flute Concerto No. 1 in G major, Op. 30
 Flute Concerto No. 2 in D minor, Op. 31
 3 Quartets for Bassoon and Strings, Op. 40
 Quintet in D minor for Piano and Winds, Op. 41
 Symphonie Concertante in B major for Flute, Clarinet and Orchestra, Op. 41
 Flute Concerto No. 3 in D minor, Op. 42
 Flute Concerto No. 4 in D major, Op. 43
 Sonata concertante in E minor for Horn and Piano, Op. 44
 3 Potpourris for Clarinet and Orchestra, Op. 45 (1814)
 Concertino, for Clarinet, Solo Bassoon and Chamber Band, Op. 47
 Quintet in F major for Piano and Winds, Op. 53
 Quintet in D major for Piano and Winds, Op. 54
 3 Wind Quintets, Op. 56
 6 String Quintets (with 2 violas), Op. 66
 3 Wind Quintets, Op. 67
 3 Wind Quintets, Op. 68
 3 Trios for Flute and Strings, Op. 71
 4 Bassoon Concertos
 Cello Concerto in A major
 Cello Concerto in E minor
 Horn Concerto in E major
 Ouvertüre in E major for Orchestra
 Piano Concerto in E major
 Sonata in D major for 2 Organs
 Sonatina in D major for Flute and Piano
 Sonata for Clarinet and Piano in B major "Sonata Concertante"
 Sinfonia Concertante in E major for Flute, Oboe, Horn, Bassoon and Orchestra
 6 Pieces Faciles for Piano, Op. 73
 4 Arias from Operas by Mozart (arranged by Danzi for 2 cellos)

External links

 Composer biography at Naxos website

 A substantial list of newly-published editions of Danzi's works in Russian Wikipedia
 Article on the 9 Danzi Wind Quintets at the Double Reed Society website

1763 births
1826 deaths
18th-century classical composers
18th-century German people
19th-century classical composers
German Classical-period composers
German classical cellists
German conductors (music)
German male conductors (music)
German expatriates in the Czech lands
German expatriates in Italy
German people of Italian descent
People from Schwetzingen
Pupils of Georg Joseph Vogler
German Romantic composers
German male classical composers
19th-century German composers
18th-century German composers
18th-century German male musicians
19th-century German male musicians
20th-century cellists

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
import abc
import copy
import logging
import time

import six

import kafka.common as Errors
from kafka.future import Future
from kafka.protocol.commit import (GroupCoordinatorRequest,
                                   OffsetCommitRequest_v2 as OffsetCommitRequest)
from kafka.protocol.group import (HeartbeatRequest, JoinGroupRequest,
                                  LeaveGroupRequest, SyncGroupRequest)
from .heartbeat import Heartbeat

log = logging.getLogger('kafka.coordinator')

class BaseCoordinator(object):
    """
    BaseCoordinator implements group management for a single group member
    by interacting with a designated Kafka broker (the coordinator). Group
    semantics are provided by extending this class.  See ConsumerCoordinator
    for example usage.

    From a high level, Kafka's group management protocol consists of the
    following sequence of actions:

    1. Group Registration: Group members register with the coordinator providing
       their own metadata (such as the set of topics they are interested in).

    2. Group/Leader Selection: The coordinator select the members of the group
       and chooses one member as the leader.

    3. State Assignment: The leader collects the metadata from all the members
       of the group and assigns state.

    4. Group Stabilization: Each member receives the state assigned by the
       leader and begins processing.

    To leverage this protocol, an implementation must define the format of
    metadata provided by each member for group registration in group_protocols()
    and the format of the state assignment provided by the leader in
    _perform_assignment() and which becomes available to members in
    _on_join_complete().
    """

    DEFAULT_CONFIG = {
        'group_id': 'kafka-python-default-group',
        'session_timeout_ms': 30000,
        'heartbeat_interval_ms': 3000,
        'retry_backoff_ms': 100,
    }

    def __init__(self, client, **configs):
        """
        Keyword Arguments:
            group_id (str): name of the consumer group to join for dynamic
                partition assignment (if enabled), and to use for fetching and
                committing offsets. Default: 'kafka-python-default-group'
            session_timeout_ms (int): The timeout used to detect failures when
                using Kafka's group managementment facilities. Default: 30000
            heartbeat_interval_ms (int): The expected time in milliseconds
                between heartbeats to the consumer coordinator when using
                Kafka's group management feature. Heartbeats are used to ensure
                that the consumer's session stays active and to facilitate
                rebalancing when new consumers join or leave the group. The
                value must be set lower than session_timeout_ms, but typically
                should be set no higher than 1/3 of that value. It can be
                adjusted even lower to control the expected time for normal
                rebalances. Default: 3000
            retry_backoff_ms (int): Milliseconds to backoff when retrying on
                errors. Default: 100.
        """
        self.config = copy.copy(self.DEFAULT_CONFIG)
        for key in self.config:
            if key in configs:
                self.config[key] = configs[key]

        self._client = client
        self.generation = OffsetCommitRequest.DEFAULT_GENERATION_ID
        self.member_id = JoinGroupRequest.UNKNOWN_MEMBER_ID
        self.group_id = self.config['group_id']
        self.coordinator_id = None
        self.rejoin_needed = True
        self.needs_join_prepare = True
        self.heartbeat = Heartbeat(**self.config)
        self.heartbeat_task = HeartbeatTask(self)
        #self.sensors = GroupCoordinatorMetrics(metrics, metric_group_prefix, metric_tags)

    @abc.abstractmethod
    def protocol_type(self):
        """
        Unique identifier for the class of protocols implements
        (e.g. "consumer" or "connect").

        Returns:
            str: protocol type name
        """
        pass

    @abc.abstractmethod
    def group_protocols(self):
        """Return the list of supported group protocols and metadata.

        This list is submitted by each group member via a JoinGroupRequest.
        The order of the protocols in the list indicates the preference of the
        protocol (the first entry is the most preferred). The coordinator takes
        this preference into account when selecting the generation protocol
        (generally more preferred protocols will be selected as long as all
        members support them and there is no disagreement on the preference).

        Note: metadata must be type bytes or support an encode() method

        Returns:
            list: [(protocol, metadata), ...]
        """
        pass

    @abc.abstractmethod
    def _on_join_prepare(self, generation, member_id):
        """Invoked prior to each group join or rejoin.

        This is typically used to perform any cleanup from the previous
        generation (such as committing offsets for the consumer)

        Arguments:
            generation (int): The previous generation or -1 if there was none
            member_id (str): The identifier of this member in the previous group
                or '' if there was none
        """
        pass

    @abc.abstractmethod
    def _perform_assignment(self, leader_id, protocol, members):
        """Perform assignment for the group.

        This is used by the leader to push state to all the members of the group
        (e.g. to push partition assignments in the case of the new consumer)

        Arguments:
            leader_id (str): The id of the leader (which is this member)
            protocol (str): the chosen group protocol (assignment strategy)
            members (list): [(member_id, metadata_bytes)] from
                JoinGroupResponse. metadata_bytes are associated with the chosen
                group protocol, and the Coordinator subclass is responsible for
                decoding metadata_bytes based on that protocol.

        Returns:
            dict: {member_id: assignment}; assignment must either be bytes
                or have an encode() method to convert to bytes
        """
        pass

    @abc.abstractmethod
    def _on_join_complete(self, generation, member_id, protocol,
                          member_assignment_bytes):
        """Invoked when a group member has successfully joined a group.

        Arguments:
            generation (int): the generation that was joined
            member_id (str): the identifier for the local member in the group
            protocol (str): the protocol selected by the coordinator
            member_assignment_bytes (bytes): the protocol-encoded assignment
                propagated from the group leader. The Coordinator instance is
                responsible for decoding based on the chosen protocol.
        """
        pass

    def coordinator_unknown(self):
        """Check if we know who the coordinator is and have an active connection

        Side-effect: reset coordinator_id to None if connection failed

        Returns:
            bool: True if the coordinator is unknown
        """
        if self.coordinator_id is None:
            return True

        if self._client.is_disconnected(self.coordinator_id):
            self.coordinator_dead()
            return True

        return not self._client.ready(self.coordinator_id)

    def ensure_coordinator_known(self):
        """Block until the coordinator for this group is known
        (and we have an active connection -- java client uses unsent queue).
        """
        while self.coordinator_unknown():

            # Dont look for a new coordinator node if we are just waiting
            # for connection to finish
            if self.coordinator_id is not None:
                self._client.poll()
                continue

            future = self._send_group_metadata_request()
            self._client.poll(future=future)

            if future.failed():
                if future.retriable():
                    metadata_update = self._client.cluster.request_update()
                    self._client.poll(future=metadata_update)
                else:
                    raise future.exception # pylint: disable-msg=raising-bad-type

    def need_rejoin(self):
        """Check whether the group should be rejoined (e.g. if metadata changes)

        Returns:
            bool: True if it should, False otherwise
        """
        return self.rejoin_needed

    def ensure_active_group(self):
        """Ensure that the group is active (i.e. joined and synced)"""
        if not self.need_rejoin():
            return

        if self.needs_join_prepare:
            self._on_join_prepare(self.generation, self.member_id)
            self.needs_join_prepare = False

        while self.need_rejoin():
            self.ensure_coordinator_known()

            future = self._perform_group_join()
            self._client.poll(future=future)

            if future.succeeded():
                member_assignment_bytes = future.value
                self._on_join_complete(self.generation, self.member_id,
                                       self.protocol, member_assignment_bytes)
                self.needs_join_prepare = True
                self.heartbeat_task.reset()
            else:
                assert future.failed()
                exception = future.exception
                if isinstance(exception, (Errors.UnknownMemberIdError,
                                          Errors.RebalanceInProgressError,
                                          Errors.IllegalGenerationError)):
                    continue
                elif not future.retriable():
                    raise exception # pylint: disable-msg=raising-bad-type
                time.sleep(self.config['retry_backoff_ms'] / 1000.0)

    def _perform_group_join(self):
        """Join the group and return the assignment for the next generation.

        This function handles both JoinGroup and SyncGroup, delegating to
        _perform_assignment() if elected leader by the coordinator.

        Returns:
            Future: resolves to the encoded-bytes assignment returned from the
                group leader
        """
        if self.coordinator_unknown():
            e = Errors.GroupCoordinatorNotAvailableError(self.coordinator_id)
            return Future().failure(e)

        # send a join group request to the coordinator
        log.debug("(Re-)joining group %s", self.group_id)
        request = JoinGroupRequest(
            self.group_id,
            self.config['session_timeout_ms'],
            self.member_id,
            self.protocol_type(),
            [(protocol,
              metadata if isinstance(metadata, bytes) else metadata.encode())
             for protocol, metadata in self.group_protocols()])

        # create the request for the coordinator
        log.debug("Issuing request (%s) to coordinator %s", request, self.coordinator_id)
        future = Future()
        _f = self._client.send(self.coordinator_id, request)
        _f.add_callback(self._handle_join_group_response, future)
        _f.add_errback(self._failed_request, self.coordinator_id,
                       request, future)
        return future

    def _failed_request(self, node_id, request, future, error):
        log.error('Error sending %s to node %s [%s] -- marking coordinator dead',
                  request.__class__.__name__, node_id, error)
        self.coordinator_dead()
        future.failure(error)

    def _handle_join_group_response(self, future, response):
        error_type = Errors.for_code(response.error_code)
        if error_type is Errors.NoError:
            self.member_id = response.member_id
            self.generation = response.generation_id
            self.rejoin_needed = False
            self.protocol = response.group_protocol
            log.info("Joined group '%s' (generation %s) with member_id %s",
                     self.group_id, self.generation, self.member_id)
            #self.sensors.join_latency.record(response.requestLatencyMs())
            if response.leader_id == response.member_id:
                log.info("Elected group leader -- performing partition"
                         " assignments using %s", self.protocol)
                self._on_join_leader(response).chain(future)
            else:
                self._on_join_follower().chain(future)

        elif error_type is Errors.GroupLoadInProgressError:
            log.debug("Attempt to join group %s rejected since coordinator is"
                      " loading the group.", self.group_id)
            # backoff and retry
            future.failure(error_type(response))
        elif error_type is Errors.UnknownMemberIdError:
            # reset the member id and retry immediately
            error = error_type(self.member_id)
            self.member_id = JoinGroupRequest.UNKNOWN_MEMBER_ID
            log.info("Attempt to join group %s failed due to unknown member id,"
                     " resetting and retrying.", self.group_id)
            future.failure(error)
        elif error_type in (Errors.GroupCoordinatorNotAvailableError,
                            Errors.NotCoordinatorForGroupError):
            # re-discover the coordinator and retry with backoff
            self.coordinator_dead()
            log.info("Attempt to join group %s failed due to obsolete "
                     "coordinator information, retrying.", self.group_id)
            future.failure(error_type())
        elif error_type in (Errors.InconsistentGroupProtocolError,
                            Errors.InvalidSessionTimeoutError,
                            Errors.InvalidGroupIdError):
            # log the error and re-throw the exception
            error = error_type(response)
            log.error("Attempt to join group %s failed due to: %s",
                      self.group_id, error)
            future.failure(error)
        elif error_type is Errors.GroupAuthorizationFailedError:
            future.failure(error_type(self.group_id))
        else:
            # unexpected error, throw the exception
            error = error_type()
            log.error("Unexpected error in join group response: %s", error)
            future.failure(error)

    def _on_join_follower(self):
        # send follower's sync group with an empty assignment
        request = SyncGroupRequest(
            self.group_id,
            self.generation,
            self.member_id,
            {})
        log.debug("Issuing follower SyncGroup (%s) to coordinator %s",
                  request, self.coordinator_id)
        return self._send_sync_group_request(request)

    def _on_join_leader(self, response):
        """
        Perform leader synchronization and send back the assignment
        for the group via SyncGroupRequest

        Arguments:
            response (JoinResponse): broker response to parse

        Returns:
            Future: resolves to member assignment encoded-bytes
        """
        try:
            group_assignment = self._perform_assignment(response.leader_id,
                                                        response.group_protocol,
                                                        response.members)
        except Exception as e:
            return Future().failure(e)

        request = SyncGroupRequest(
            self.group_id,
            self.generation,
            self.member_id,
            [(member_id,
              assignment if isinstance(assignment, bytes) else assignment.encode())
             for member_id, assignment in six.iteritems(group_assignment)])

        log.debug("Issuing leader SyncGroup (%s) to coordinator %s",
                  request, self.coordinator_id)
        return self._send_sync_group_request(request)

    def _send_sync_group_request(self, request):
        if self.coordinator_unknown():
            return Future().failure(Errors.GroupCoordinatorNotAvailableError())
        future = Future()
        _f = self._client.send(self.coordinator_id, request)
        _f.add_callback(self._handle_sync_group_response, future)
        _f.add_errback(self._failed_request, self.coordinator_id,
                       request, future)
        return future

    def _handle_sync_group_response(self, future, response):
        error_type = Errors.for_code(response.error_code)
        if error_type is Errors.NoError:
            log.debug("Received successful sync group response for group %s: %s",
                      self.group_id, response)
            #self.sensors.syncLatency.record(response.requestLatencyMs())
            future.success(response.member_assignment)
            return

        # Always rejoin on error
        self.rejoin_needed = True
        if error_type is Errors.GroupAuthorizationFailedError:
            future.failure(error_type(self.group_id))
        elif error_type is Errors.RebalanceInProgressError:
            log.info("SyncGroup for group %s failed due to coordinator"
                     " rebalance, rejoining the group", self.group_id)
            future.failure(error_type(self.group_id))
        elif error_type in (Errors.UnknownMemberIdError,
                            Errors.IllegalGenerationError):
            error = error_type()
            log.info("SyncGroup for group %s failed due to %s,"
                     " rejoining the group", self.group_id, error)
            self.member_id = JoinGroupRequest.UNKNOWN_MEMBER_ID
            future.failure(error)
        elif error_type in (Errors.GroupCoordinatorNotAvailableError,
                            Errors.NotCoordinatorForGroupError):
            error = error_type()
            log.info("SyncGroup for group %s failed due to %s, will find new"
                     " coordinator and rejoin", self.group_id, error)
            self.coordinator_dead()
            future.failure(error)
        else:
            error = error_type()
            log.error("Unexpected error from SyncGroup: %s", error)
            future.failure(error)

    def _send_group_metadata_request(self):
        """Discover the current coordinator for the group.

        Returns:
            Future: resolves to the node id of the coordinator
        """
        node_id = self._client.least_loaded_node()
        if node_id is None or not self._client.ready(node_id):
            return Future().failure(Errors.NoBrokersAvailable())

        log.debug("Issuing group metadata request to broker %s", node_id)
        request = GroupCoordinatorRequest(self.group_id)
        future = Future()
        _f = self._client.send(node_id, request)
        _f.add_callback(self._handle_group_coordinator_response, future)
        _f.add_errback(self._failed_request, node_id, request, future)
        return future

    def _handle_group_coordinator_response(self, future, response):
        log.debug("Group metadata response %s", response)
        if not self.coordinator_unknown():
            # We already found the coordinator, so ignore the request
            log.debug("Coordinator already known -- ignoring metadata response")
            future.success(self.coordinator_id)
            return

        error_type = Errors.for_code(response.error_code)
        if error_type is Errors.NoError:
            ok = self._client.cluster.add_group_coordinator(self.group_id, response)
            if not ok:
                # This could happen if coordinator metadata is different
                # than broker metadata
                future.failure(Errors.IllegalStateError())
                return

            self.coordinator_id = response.coordinator_id
            self._client.ready(self.coordinator_id)

            # start sending heartbeats only if we have a valid generation
            if self.generation > 0:
                self.heartbeat_task.reset()
            future.success(self.coordinator_id)
        elif error_type is Errors.GroupCoordinatorNotAvailableError:
            log.debug("Group Coordinator Not Available; retry")
            future.failure(error_type())
        elif error_type is Errors.GroupAuthorizationFailedError:
            error = error_type(self.group_id)
            log.error("Group Coordinator Request failed: %s", error)
            future.failure(error)
        else:
            error = error_type()
            log.error("Unrecognized failure in Group Coordinator Request: %s",
                      error)
            future.failure(error)

    def coordinator_dead(self, error=None):
        """Mark the current coordinator as dead."""
        if self.coordinator_id is not None:
            log.info("Marking the coordinator dead (node %s): %s.",
                     self.coordinator_id, error)
            self.coordinator_id = None

    def close(self):
        """Close the coordinator, leave the current group
        and reset local generation/memberId."""
        try:
            self._client.unschedule(self.heartbeat_task)
        except KeyError:
            pass
        if not self.coordinator_unknown() and self.generation > 0:
            # this is a minimal effort attempt to leave the group. we do not
            # attempt any resending if the request fails or times out.
            request = LeaveGroupRequest(self.group_id, self.member_id)
            future = self._client.send(self.coordinator_id, request)
            future.add_callback(self._handle_leave_group_response)
            future.add_errback(log.error, "LeaveGroup request failed: %s")
            self._client.poll(future=future)

        self.generation = OffsetCommitRequest.DEFAULT_GENERATION_ID
        self.member_id = JoinGroupRequest.UNKNOWN_MEMBER_ID
        self.rejoin_needed = True

    def _handle_leave_group_response(self, response):
        error_type = Errors.for_code(response.error_code)
        if error_type is Errors.NoError:
            log.info("LeaveGroup request succeeded")
        else:
            log.error("LeaveGroup request failed: %s", error_type())

    def _send_heartbeat_request(self):
        """Send a heartbeat request"""
        request = HeartbeatRequest(self.group_id, self.generation, self.member_id)
        log.debug("Heartbeat: %s[%s] %s", request.group, request.generation_id, request.member_id) #pylint: disable-msg=no-member
        future = Future()
        _f = self._client.send(self.coordinator_id, request)
        _f.add_callback(self._handle_heartbeat_response, future)
        _f.add_errback(self._failed_request, self.coordinator_id,
                       request, future)
        return future

    def _handle_heartbeat_response(self, future, response):
        #self.sensors.heartbeat_latency.record(response.requestLatencyMs())
        error_type = Errors.for_code(response.error_code)
        if error_type is Errors.NoError:
            log.debug("Received successful heartbeat response.")
            future.success(None)
        elif error_type in (Errors.GroupCoordinatorNotAvailableError,
                            Errors.NotCoordinatorForGroupError):
            log.info("Heartbeat failed: coordinator is either not started or"
                     " not valid; will refresh metadata and retry")
            self.coordinator_dead()
            future.failure(error_type())
        elif error_type is Errors.RebalanceInProgressError:
            log.info("Heartbeat failed: group is rebalancing; re-joining group")
            self.rejoin_needed = True
            future.failure(error_type())
        elif error_type is Errors.IllegalGenerationError:
            log.info("Heartbeat failed: local generation id is not current;"
                     " re-joining group")
            self.rejoin_needed = True
            future.failure(error_type())
        elif error_type is Errors.UnknownMemberIdError:
            log.info("Heartbeat failed: local member_id was not recognized;"
                     " resetting and re-joining group")
            self.member_id = JoinGroupRequest.UNKNOWN_MEMBER_ID
            self.rejoin_needed = True
            future.failure(error_type)
        elif error_type is Errors.GroupAuthorizationFailedError:
            error = error_type(self.group_id)
            log.error("Heartbeat failed: authorization error: %s", error)
            future.failure(error)
        else:
            error = error_type()
            log.error("Heartbeat failed: Unhandled error: %s", error)
            future.failure(error)

class HeartbeatTask(object):
    def __init__(self, coordinator):
        self._coordinator = coordinator
        self._heartbeat = coordinator.heartbeat
        self._client = coordinator._client
        self._request_in_flight = False

    def reset(self):
        # start or restart the heartbeat task to be executed at the next chance
        self._heartbeat.reset_session_timeout()
        try:
            self._client.unschedule(self)
        except KeyError:
            pass
        if not self._request_in_flight:
            self._client.schedule(self, time.time())

    def __call__(self):
        if (self._coordinator.generation < 0 or
            self._coordinator.need_rejoin() or
            self._coordinator.coordinator_unknown()):
            # no need to send the heartbeat we're not using auto-assignment
            # or if we are awaiting a rebalance
            log.debug("Skipping heartbeat: no auto-assignment"
                      " or waiting on rebalance")
            return

        if self._heartbeat.session_expired():
            # we haven't received a successful heartbeat in one session interval
            # so mark the coordinator dead
            log.error("Heartbeat session expired - marking coordinator dead")
            self._coordinator.coordinator_dead()
            return

        if not self._heartbeat.should_heartbeat():
            # we don't need to heartbeat now, so reschedule for when we do
            ttl = self._heartbeat.ttl()
            log.debug("Heartbeat task unneeded now, retrying in %s", ttl)
            self._client.schedule(self, time.time() + ttl)
        else:
            self._heartbeat.sent_heartbeat()
            self._request_in_flight = True
            future = self._coordinator._send_heartbeat_request()
            future.add_callback(self._handle_heartbeat_success)
            future.add_errback(self._handle_heartbeat_failure)

    def _handle_heartbeat_success(self, v):
        log.debug("Received successful heartbeat")
        self._request_in_flight = False
        self._heartbeat.received_heartbeat()
        ttl = self._heartbeat.ttl()
        self._client.schedule(self, time.time() + ttl)

    def _handle_heartbeat_failure(self, e):
        log.debug("Heartbeat failed; retrying")
        self._request_in_flight = False
        etd = time.time() + self._coordinator.config['retry_backoff_ms'] / 1000.0
        self._client.schedule(self, etd)

'''
class GroupCoordinatorMetrics(object):
    def __init__(self, metrics, prefix, tags=None):
        self.metrics = metrics
        self.group_name = prefix + "-coordinator-metrics"

        self.heartbeat_latency = metrics.sensor("heartbeat-latency")
        self.heartbeat_latency.add(metrics.metricName(
            "heartbeat-response-time-max", self.group_name,
            "The max time taken to receive a response to a heartbeat request",
            tags), metrics.Max())
        self.heartbeat_latency.add(metrics.metricName(
            "heartbeat-rate", self.group_name,
            "The average number of heartbeats per second",
            tags), metrics.Rate(metrics.Count()))

        self.join_latency = metrics.sensor("join-latency")
        self.join_latency.add(metrics.metricName(
            "join-time-avg", self.group_name,
            "The average time taken for a group rejoin",
            tags), metrics.Avg())
        self.join_latency.add(metrics.metricName(
            "join-time-max", self.group_name,
            "The max time taken for a group rejoin",
            tags), metrics.Avg())
        self.join_latency.add(metrics.metricName(
            "join-rate", self.group_name,
            "The number of group joins per second",
            tags), metrics.Rate(metrics.Count()))

        self.sync_latency = metrics.sensor("sync-latency")
        self.sync_latency.add(metrics.metricName(
            "sync-time-avg", self.group_name,
            "The average time taken for a group sync",
            tags), metrics.Avg())
        self.sync_latency.add(metrics.MetricName(
            "sync-time-max", self.group_name,
            "The max time taken for a group sync",
            tags), metrics.Avg())
        self.sync_latency.add(metrics.metricName(
            "sync-rate", self.group_name,
            "The number of group syncs per second",
            tags), metrics.Rate(metrics.Count()))

        """
        lastHeartbeat = Measurable(
            measure=lambda _, value: value - heartbeat.last_heartbeat_send()
        )
        metrics.addMetric(metrics.metricName(
            "last-heartbeat-seconds-ago", self.group_name,
            "The number of seconds since the last controller heartbeat",
            tags), lastHeartbeat)
        """
'''

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Trump to tout his economic policies at Ohio River Shell plant
Pamela Glass
In October, Shell Chemical Appalachia installed a quench tower
President Trump will visit the massive $6 billion Royal Dutch Shell cracker plant under construction along the Ohio River in Pennsylvania today, extolling it as an example of how his administration's economic policies are bolstering the country's sagging manufacturing sector.
Work is winding down on the Pennsylvania Petrochemicals Complex that will chemically "crack" or break apart ethane, a mix of natural gas and petroleum, into polyethylene pellets used in the production of plastic goods such as diapers, plastic cups and auto parts.
Locating the plant along the Ohio River was a strategic decision for Shell, as river transport provides an economical way to move materials to the 386-acre construction site. The location, about 25 miles northwest of Pittsburgh, is also near natural gas sites and the plant's customers. Shell Chemical Appalachia LLC broke ground in 2017 on the complex in Monaca, Pa. It is Shell's first petrochemical plant built outside the Gulf Coast in decades.
Instead of being constructed on site, the plant is being built using modules that are manufactured elsewhere and then transported via barge.
New Orleans-based Canal Barge Co. was contracted last year to transport important components that were moved by barge up the river system from the Gulf area to the Monaca site. Barged cargo included massive towers, silos and pressure vessels. A barge carrying a huge furnace that will heat the ethane had difficulty going under bridges this spring due to high water from flooding on the Mississippi.
In anticipation of receiving a large amount of materials via the river, Shell built two docks for barges at the site.
River industry officials believe the cracker will be a boost to inland waterways during both the construction phase and after, as other businesses that will work with the facility will settle in the area and also use the river.
Officials also hope the plant's location will quicken plans to modernize the Upper Ohio River Locks and Dam System, Depression-era structures on the Ohio River at Emsworth, Dashields and Montgomery, that have been in the works since 2003. The Shell plant is close to the Montgomery lock.
The Shell project "could not be built except for the availability of waterways' transportation, as the plant's modules are moved by water across various parts of the inland system," said Deb Calhoun, vice president of the Waterways Council Inc., an industry-supported advocacy group for waterways modernization.
She said there is another petrochemical plant planned for eastern Ohio, and the facilities that will be built to take advantage of manufacturing opportunities around the Shell plant will create more jobs and waterways' transportation demand.
The plant currently employs 5,000 construction workers and is considered the largest active construction project underway in the U.S. Shell has said it expects to have about 600 permanent workers there once the plant is completed, sometime in the early 2020s.
When completed, the facility will feature an ethane cracker with an approximate annual average capacity of 3.3 billion lbs. of ethylene, three polyethylene units with a combined annual production capacity of approximately 3.5 billion lbs., and power and steam generation, storage, logistics, cooling water and water treatment, emergency flare, buildings and warehouses.
Pamela Glass is the Washington, D.C., correspondent for WorkBoat. She reports on the decisions and deliberations of congressional committees and federal agencies that affect the maritime industry, including the Coast Guard, U.S. Maritime Administration and U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. Prior to coming to WorkBoat, she covered coastal, oceans and maritime industry news for 15 years for newspapers in coastal areas of Massachusetts and Michigan for Ottaway News Service, a division of the Dow Jones Company. She began her newspaper career at the New Bedford (Mass.) Standard-Times. A native of Massachusetts, she is a 1978 graduate of Wesleyan University (Conn.). She currently resides in Potomac, Md.
NTSB: Shoaling, poor maintenance contributed to Pennsylvania barge breakaway
On Oct. 10, 2018, Shell Chemical Appalachia LLC (Shell) announced the successful installation of its quench tower – the largest piece of equipment at its Pennsylvania Petrochemicals Complex, currently under construction. Shell photo
Value added and barge transportation
Shell Chemical Appalachia broke ground in 2017 on a $6 billion petrochemicals complex in Monaca, Pa., on the Ohio River. Shell photo
Barge transport should benefit from new Ohio River petrochemical plant


text:
Home / News / OBAS UK CEO becomes Chamber of Commerce president
OBAS UK CEO becomes Chamber of Commerce president
23rd September 2014	News 405 Views
The CEO of North-West builders and plumbers merchant OBAS UK, Norman Tenray, has been appointed the president of the North & Western Lancashire Chamber of Commerce.
Whilst also being a non-executive director, Tenray served as vice-president for the Chamber of Commerce for two years and takes on the position of president after a unanimous vote from his peers, replacing the out-going Malcolm Clarke.
Originally from Hampshire, Tenray has been an integral part of the North-West's business community since 2008, following the acquisition and merger of four businesses to create Longridge – based OBAS UK.
Tenray also holds positions with numerous business and community organisations, including being a Fellow of the Lancashire Community Foundation; Entrepreneur in Residence at Lancaster University and a member of the UK Accreditation Board of the British Chambers of Commerce; as well as sitting on the North West advisory committee for the Bank of England.
Commenting on his new role, Tenray said: "I am absolutely thrilled and honoured to take up the position of President of the North & Western Lancashire Chamber of Commerce and I'm looking forward to not only representing the chamber and making sure the membership has a voice, but advancing the interests of the business community more generally."
The North & Western Chamber of Commerce is one of the UK's oldest and largest chambers, with its 1,600 members providing well over half of the jobs in the area.
Commenting on the election of Tenray, Babs Murphy, chief executive of the Chamber, said: "Norman is an exceptional choice for President of North & Western Lancashire Chamber of Commerce, he commands the respect of his peers and his views are widely sought and highly respected.
"During his time as Vice President, Norman has been a prolific advocate for the business community whilst maintaining a successful national business and I'm confident we can expect great things during his term in office."
Previous Chandlers opens sustainable showroom
Next Intense h&b activity amongst Forest Pines


One of our goals when we started Reckoning of the Dead was to become better writers. Our thought was that if we wrote a lot, we'd get better; thus our aggressive release schedule for One-Page Scenarios. Because we've committed to write so many, we have a variety of ways to spark our creativity, many of which boil down to simple writing exercises.
This week's OPS stems from an entry in The Encyclopedia of Witchcraft & Demonology, by Rossell Hope Robbins (Crown Publishers, 1959). Noah held the book open while Matt stabbed his finger at a random entry. While the selected entry, "William Perkins," has in actuality little to do with this week's scenario, his entry served as a creative starting point for the PDF waiting behind yonder link.


text:
Q: Reset all bindings in a WPF application I have a WPF application that has a lot of text boxes, combo boxes etc. There are two modes:

*

*Fresh

*Load existing configurations

If you choose the Fresh mode, you're presented with some default binding values in a "MyConfigs.json" file which is loaded up like this:
public static string currentDirectory = Directory.GetCurrentDirectory();
public static string json = File.ReadAllText(currentDirectory + "/Important/MyConfigs.json");
public static AppMyConfigs Default = JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<AppMyConfigs>(json);

When I start a fresh installation, this MyConfigs.json is used up and it contains a bunch of default values in it which are used to initially fill the text boxes etc with values. Values which do not exist in this are left empty and all of this is alright.
However, I have another mode which allows me to Load existing configurations. In this mode, I can load a .json file which contains all the configurations and then the values in the text boxes etc are replaced with the values in that particular .json file that is loaded up.
My problem right now is that if I load an existing configuration and then go back and select Fresh mode, the values are displayed which were loaded up previously. I would like to have it so that when I choose Fresh mode, it should instead load up the previous values and "reinitialize the bindings".
The XAML of a sample textbox looks something like this:
<StackPanel x:Name="StackName" Orientation="Vertical" Margin="25,25,25,5">
   <StackPanel Orientation="Horizontal" Margin="0,5,0,0">
      <TextBox materialDesign:HintAssist.Hint="Please enter your name*" materialDesign:HintAssist.HintOpacity="10" materialDesign:HintAssist.Background="White" materialDesign:ValidationAssist.Background="White" materialDesign:HintAssist.Foreground="#FF002655" Style="{StaticResource MaterialDesignOutlinedTextFieldTextBox}" x:Name="txtName" Width="230" TextChanged="txtName_TextChanged">
         <Binding Path="Name" UpdateSourceTrigger="PropertyChanged" Mode="TwoWay" Source="{StaticResource MyConfigs}" >
            <Binding.ValidationRules>
               <local:TextBoxNotEmptyValidation ValidatesOnTargetUpdated="True"/>
            </Binding.ValidationRules>
         </Binding>
      </TextBox>
   </StackPanel>
</StackPanel>

And the code behind looks like:
private void txtName_TextChanged(object sender, TextChangedEventArgs e)
{
    MyConfigs.GlobalName = txtName.Text;
}

Initially in Fresh mode, the value of MyConfigs.Name is set to John. However, once I load up a different .json file with name like Mark, the name will stay as Mark even after I go to Fresh mode.

A: You have to use data binding.
You need to data sources: one for each mode/data view.
Bind the TextBox.Text property to a property on the data source.
According to the current mode, you set the associated data model as the DataContext of the data bindings:
DataModel.cs
The data source for the input form.
class DataModel : INotifyPropertyChanged
{
  private string dataField;
  public string DataField
  {
    get => this.dataField;
    set
    {
      this.dataField = value;
      OnPropertyChanged();
    }
  }

  public event PropertyChangedEventHandler PropertyChanged;
  protected virtual void OnPropertyChanged([CallerMemberName] string propertyName = null)
    => this.PropertyChanged?.Invoke(this, new PropertyChangedEventArgs(propertyName));
}

MainWindow.xaml.cs
partial class MainWindow : Window
{
  private DataModel FreshData { get; set; }
  private DataModel ExistingData { get; set; }

  public MainWindow()
  {
    InitializeComponent();

    // Initialize a new DataModel instance from the default configuration file
    this.FreshData = CreateDataModelFromDefaultConfiguration();

    this.DataContext = this.FreshData;
  }

  private void OnLoadDefaultDataMode_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
  {
    // Initialize a new DataModel instance from the default configuration file
    this.FreshData = CreateDataModelFromDefaultConfiguration();

    // Update all data bindings
    this.DataContext = this.FreshData;
  }

  private void OnLoadExistingData_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
  {
    // Initialize a new DataModel instance from an existing configuration file
    this.ExistingData = CreateDataModelFromExistingConfiguration();

    // Update all data bindings
    this.DataContext = this.ExistingData;
  }
}

MainWindow.xaml
<Window>
  <TextBox Text={Binding DataField}" />
</Window>

See Microsoft Docs: Data Binding Overview
If both data models need to implement their individual logic, then create a dedicated data model class for each mode/data view (instead of using two instances of the same type like in this example).

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Pedro the Lion Control
By Rob Nay
Pedro the Lion excels at creating serene, measured songs that include an exhilarating tension; a half-concealed blade beneath a calm veneer. And the band's latest disc displays even more jagged terrain. Atop captivating low-key guitar and keyboards, "Options" presents a starkly guileless story of an individual that remains in a relationship for wholly self-centred reasons, while "Rapture" introduces a more brazen side to Pedro the Lion, with voluminous guitars and drums, along with front-man David Bazan's soaring vocals. The song "Penetration" is a caustic denunciation of corporatism set to superb rhythmic changes and inventive guitar breaks. "Second Best," "Magazine" and "Rehearsal" are unhurried descents through staggering atmospheres, once more evidencing Bazan's expertise at constructing unimpeachable lines and demonstrating the band's ability to create deeply resounding tunes. "Priests/Paramedics" and "Indian Summer" juxtapose soothing pop music with fierce lyrical imagery, producing an incisive contrast remarkably preserved throughout the disc. Control ends with "Rejoice," an overcast dirge continuously on the verge of collapse, eventually reaching an entirely unforeseen, abrupt conclusion. As a whole, Control does not present the same lyrical uniformity as its predecessor, Winners Never Quit, but Bazan does repeatedly return to the topic of self-absorption and its adverse effects, inventing harrowing representations of self-consumed individuals. Control transparently demonstrates David Bazan's keen ability to join astute narratives with exceptionally melodious songs. (Jade Tree)
More Pedro the Lion
How David Bazan Found Himself in Pedro the Lion
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In the Kibosho area of the Kalimanjaro region a group of young people is being trained in ICDP.
The KIWAKKUKI organization has been working with orphaned children and families affected by HIV/AIDs in the Kilimanjaro region in Tanzania for a long time and some of its staff have gained extensive experience in using the ICDP method in local communities.
The latest initiative by KIWAKKUKI has been to train in the ICDP programme a group of ten young people who had recently come out of school. They were previously trained as peer educators and have since gained experience in assisting school teachers.
The aim of the ICDP training is to enable this group of peer educators to conduct ICDP sensitization meetings with the parents and caregivers of the children KIWAKKUKI is supporting. The plan is to reach 80 parents /caregivers. The ICDP workshop they attended took place in July 2017 over a period of five days and there will be regular follow ups in future.


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Socorro police investigate resignation of Chief Carlos Maldonado, traffic stop controversy
Daniel Borunda
Socorro Police Chief Carlos Maldonado resigned unexpectedly on March 6.
The city manager's son was released to her custody at a traffic stop on Jan. 20.
The incident came to light after a TV station obtained police dash camera video and documents.
SOCORRO, Texas — The Socorro Police Department is investigating after the police chief resigned in the wake of a controversial traffic stop involving the city manager's son.
Socorro Mayor Elia Garcia announced the internal affairs investigation at a Monday afternoon news conference in city council chambers.
Last week, Socorro Police Chief Carlos Maldonado resigned amid questions regarding the release of the city manager's son during a traffic stop earlier this year.
Garcia would not say if the investigation is focused on the traffic stop or a possible leak of police dash camera video and police documents regarding the case.
More:Socorro Police Chief Carlos Maldonado resigns amid traffic stop controversy
"We are limited at what we can disclose at this time to preserve the integrity of this investigation," Garcia said.
Garcia was joined at the news conference by City Manager Adriana Rodarte and new interim chief Jasiel Muñoz, a Socorro police sergeant.
The city council will decide the process to find the next police chief, Socorro city spokesman Victor Reta said.
Maldonado, who had been the police chief since 2014, resigned unexpectedly and without explanation last week.
"Unfortunately, the chief submitted a very brief letter where he did not state a reason in his letter of resignation," Garcia said. "It was very sudden, so we were not expecting his resignation."
Garcia asked residents for patience saying that questions would be answered once the investigation was complete.
Maldonado's submitted a two-sentence resignation letter to the city manager, according to a copy of the letter obtained by the El Paso Times in an open records request. The letter is dated March 6.
More:Student brought unloaded handgun to Socorro Middle School on Wednesday
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Last suspect pleads guilty in Socorro-area cocaine ring case
In the letter, Maldonado stated: "Please accept this correspondence as my letter of resignation effective March 12, 2018. This will include annual leave and a personal day."
The controversy stems from a Jan. 20 traffic stop involving the city manager's 21-year-old son, Diego Salais, who was released to her custody.
The Socorro Police Department issued a statement on Thursday saying that the city manager never asked for preferential treatment when her son was stopped.
On Jan. 20, police pulled over Salais at 3:35 a.m. on North Loop Drive near Inglewood Drive.
According to the statement, a police officer suspected Salais was intoxicated but a field sobriety test found Salais was likely not intoxicated. The officer saw possible indications of drug use. No drugs or alcohol were found in a search of the vehicle.
The Socorro Police Department said that Salais was not charged based on the officer's findings and was released to a responsible party.
In February, Channel 26-KINT reported Rodarte's son was released to her custody after the station obtained police dash camera video and documents in the case.
KINT reported it had "confidential police documents" stating that Rodarte's son was allegedly driving under the influence.
On March 1, a Socorro city news release stated that the video footage had "not been released by an open records request and the obtainment of these documents is being questioned."
In a follow-up news report on March 5, Maldonado told KINT that there was no political pressure to release the city manager's son.
Maldonado submitted his resignation a day later.
Daniel Borunda may be reached at 546-6102; dborunda@elpasotimes.com; @BorundaDaniel on Twitter.


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You Bristol stag boys will soon get to grips with these fast and furious quads and then it's time for some serious fun as you put them through their paces.
Our five 300cc Kawasaki Quads have had extras fitted to them, we have put on wheel widening spacers to make them more stable (an extra 4") plus bars and safety webbing.
We provide helmets, upper body armour, waterproofs or overalls, protective footwear (wellies) and gloves. We give all the drivers a safety instruction and control operation briefing. We then take you out on a Bristol Quad Bike Extreme trail which means following one of us.
The trail starts with driving in and out of poles so that you immediately get used to the controls, reverse into a space individually, and then drive around tight turns and around cones at a faster speed. After this is completed we then run across pasture.
Length of activity: approximately one and a half - two hours. Dependant on group size.


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The department is acknowledged as a "level one trauma center" of the region and treat more than 2500 trauma and elective patients a year surgically. The trauma division, in which the stuff faces all possible fractures and instabilities of the spine, pelvis and extremities, is one of the leading sites in the region. They also treat any fractures in pediatric cases and of course in elderly too. Especially the spinal surgery is highly developed and realized by a specialized team in cooperation with the department of neurosurgery within the Hospital.
In the division for elective surgery, the department serves total hip and knee with the best implants and soft tissue preserving techniques. Here by it offers the patient previous to a surgical intervention a high-level diagnostic algorithm, which is crucial to decide which kind of treatment is the best for the individual patient.
All interventions are planned by computer aided planning. Fast recovery is a very important issue, which it implements to their processes. The head of this division is Mr. Patrick Mouret, MD who is one of the most experienced orthopedic surgeon in Germany.
In the division for sports trauma the department serves highly developed minimal invasive arthroscopic surgery for the shoulder, elbow, the hip, the knee, and the ankle.
In the division for reconstructive surgery it faces septcal or deformity surgery of the extremities the spine and the pelvis. The close consultation of specialists of microbiology is crucial to succeed. The stuff treats their patients with "Ilizarov external fixator", "Masquelet technique" and are supported by a special team of the plastic surgery under Prof. Henrik Menke.
The patient safety and the best quality is their most expensive goal to realize the best possible results for their patients. Within the Sana Klinikum, here in Offenbach, they are able to treat sever multi morbidity due to their wide range of clinical departments.


The European Commission has proposed new measures will cut emissions of major air pollutants from engines in non-road mobile machinery and cut the complexity of the legal framework for the sector.
The proposal provides for more stringent emission limit values for internal combustion engines installed in non-road mobile machinery (NRMM). At the same time, it sets out harmonised rules for placing those engines on the EU market.
The Commission says compared to vehicles for use on roads, NRMM covers a very wide variety of machinery typically used off the road in manifold applications. It comprises, for example, small gardening and handheld equipment (lawn mowers, chain saws,…), construction machinery (excavators, loaders, bulldozers,…) and agricultural & farming machinery (harvesters, cultivators,…).
It also says engines installed in NRMM contribute significantly to air pollution and are accountable for roughly 15% of the nitrogen oxide (NOx) and 5% of the particulate matter (PM) emissions in the EU. Moreover, studies indicate that their relative contribution to the total NOx emissions could become bigger over time, should efforts and technical progress in the on-road sector not be carried over to NRMM.
The new Regulation will replace a patchwork of 28 national laws on this matter. It will also repeal an extremely complex directive comprising 15 Annexes and amended eight times since it was adopted in 1997.
Besides improving air quality throughout the EU, the new proposal provides the NRMM sector with a predictable and stable regulatory framework that is fit for the future: a clear focus in this context was therefore put on international alignment of technical requirements, particularly with a view to bringing those of the EU and the US closer together. This will ensure a level playing field for European industry and avoid unfair competition from low-cost imports of non-regulated machinery. Beyond that, the proposal is expected to alleviate the pressure on individual Member States for additional regulatory action at national level that would eventually hamper the internal market.


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Cicero: Second Philippic
In this course, Dr Andrew Sillett (University of Oxford) explores Cicero's Second Philippic. We begin by outlining the historical background to the speech, starting with the assassination of Caesar on 15 March and ending with the dramatic date of Cicero's speech: 19 September – focusing along the way on the figure of Mark Antony. After that, we think in more detail about the speech itself, focusing in particular on Cicero's objectives in publishing such a damning criticism of Antony, before looking in more detail at the genre of invective more generally. Finally, in the seventh module, we think about the events in the year or so following the dramatic date of the speech. What changed, and to what extent could Cicero take the credit?
Andrew joined Brasenose in 2006 to study for his BA in Classics (Course IIA). Thanks to the generosity of the Helmore Fund, he was able to stay on for his MSt in Classical Languages & Literature. As a senior Germaine Scholar, he recently completed his DPhil on the early imperial reception of Cicero under the supervision of Llewelyn Morgan. His research interests include the reception of Cicero in the early imperial period, politics and thought in the late Roman Republic and early Principate.
1. The Assassination of Caesar (04:01)
2. Mark Antony (06:03)
3. The Summer of 44 BC (05:31)
4. 19 September 44 BC (05:24)
5. What does Cicero hope to achieve? (02:38)
6. The Genre of Invective (10:14)
7. What happens next? (07:50)
Cicero: De Imperio
Cicero: Pro Milone
Cicero: Pro Cluentio
Politics of the Late Republic: Cicero the Orator
Politics of the Late Republic: Cicero the Correspondent


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What Are the Best Tips for Serving Melon?
Melons can be scooped into balls and added to fruit salad.
Seedless watermelons can be easier to serve, as people don't have to be watchful of accidentally swallowing a seed.
The seeds and pulp should be scooped out of the slices of a Christmas melon before eating.
Melon can be served with prosciutto.
Melons can be served in slices.
Melon can be prepared simply or used as a component for more complex recipes, such as risottos and mousses. One of the most important tips for serving melons is to begin with a quality fruit by checking for a slight softness at the end, where the blossom was, and avoiding ones that are soft all over or shriveled. Most melons can be prepared by cutting them end to end, and then using a spoon to remove the seeds. The melon can then be cut into slices or chunks and served alone, or scooped out with a melon baller and added to a fruit salad or used as a garnish. Uncut melons can be stored in a refrigerator for about a week, but after they have been sliced up or balled they should be served within two to three days.
All melons belong to the Cucurbitaceae family, and consist of fleshy fruit within a hard rind. The fruit is typically sweet, though flavor can vary widely from one melon to another. Many different types of melons belong to the muskmelon category, such as cantaloupe and honeydew, though watermelon and others do not. The preparation methods for melons can also differ from one variety to another, since some are actually considered to be culinary vegetables. Bitter and winter melons, which are two examples, are typically not served the same way as other varieties.
The most important tip when serving melon is to start with a ripe or slightly unripe fruit, and store it properly until it is eaten. Muskmelons can typically be checked for ripeness by feeling the blossom end, which should give somewhat when pressed. Melons that are excessively soft, wrinkled, or moldy should be avoided. Other varieties, such as watermelons, can be checked in different ways. One way to check a watermelon for ripeness before buying or serving it, is to slap the side, as this should result in a hollow thump with a good fruit.
Most melons can be served alone or as a component in a fruit salad. Muskmelons tend to have seeds in the center, so they should be cut from end to end so the seeds can be scooped out. The melon may then be cut into slices, cubed or balled, and served either with the skin removed or intact. Some watermelons are seedless, though the ones with seeds have them distributed evenly throughout the flesh. That means watermelons can be sliced, cubed, or balled without first removing the seeds.
There are a number of other ways to serve melons that involve more complex recipes. The flavor of some melons can be improved with the addition of salt, so they are sometimes served with serrano ham or prosciutto. Melons may also be added into chocolate mousses, turned into risottos, or used as a component in sorbets. Any melon that is not served immediately should be placed in a fridge, where it will typically keep for about two or three days.
What is a Winter Melon?
What is a Santa Claus Melon?
How can I Tell When Fruit is Ripe?


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Miles Manor Event Announcement
On Thursday, June 24, the African American Heritage Trail committee hosted a dedication ceremony honoring Clara Miles, the founder of the Miles Manor neighborhood.
Clara Miles was an African-American woman and advocate for abolishing segregation in Columbia. Her dream of having equal rights for her family and the African-American community inspired the Columbia Fair Housing Ordinance, a law which prohibits discrimination based on race, religion, gender, and disability in the housing market.
In 1959, the Miles Manor Subdivision was established and provided Black families with the opportunity of home ownership. This initiative made it significantly easier for African-Americans to find housing prior to and after the Civil Rights Act of 1964 was passed. Clara Miles partnered with Engineering Surveys & Services to design the neighborhood's infrastructure. Together, they were able to bring their shared vision to life, which future generations have since benefitted from.
History of Miles Manor
In the 1950s and 1960s, African-American families in Columbia, and across America, were having trouble finding quality housing. In an effort to find a solution for their community, a group of ten Black families got together to build their own neighborhood in Columbia. This initiative was led by Clara Miles, whose inspiration came when she saw a $75,000 house while on a drive with her husband. Miles could not buy this house, but instead found a 30 acre plot of land for $20,000. She and some friends pooled their money together and bought this land, which would later become the Miles Manor subdivision.
Miles faced multiple obstacles when trying to build the new neighborhood. In addition to a lack of interest from builders and loan agents, the land was next to the old Columbia Sewer Treatment plant and the families could only reach it via an access road.
The group of Black families approached Jim Reed at Engineering Surveys & Services in hopes that he could help them develop the neighborhood. During a time when many people didn't want to be associated with an initiative benefiting minorities, Jim Reed saw potential in the project. As a result, in the 1970s, six more families moved into the neighborhood. The population of Miles Manor then grew, and it slowly started to evolve into an established community. A grocery store was soon built nearby and the sewage treatment plant was removed from the area, making it more livable for residents.
Partnership with Engineering Surveys & Services
Jim Reed and Clara Miles shared the same belief that everyone should have equal access to quality housing, no matter their ethnicity or socioeconomic status. Engineering Surveys & Services worked in various stages of the building process throughout the 1960s. In total, they completed two subdivision plats, as well as designing roads, sewers, and water mains. They also provided bid and construction phase services to keep the project on track.
The lasting impact of Miles Manor
Many of the families of Miles Manor's original founders still live in the neighborhood. Their goal is to foster a thriving community for future generations. We are proud to have contributed to such an important project during a time of racial injustice. For more information, contact Engineering Surveys & Services today.
Image Credit: Picture from the event


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Fühler steht für:

 Fühler (Biologie), in der Biologie ein Sinnesorgan von Insekten
 in der Technik die deutsche Bezeichnung für einen Sensor

Fühler ist der Familienname folgender Personen:
 Armas Sten Fühler (1911–1990), deutscher Schauspieler, Regisseur und Hörspielsprecher
 Grads Fühler (* 1962), niederländischer Fußballspieler

Siehe auch: