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Tag Archives: Physical Security Professional
[205] Enterprise Security Integration with Honeywell and Gail Essen
April 18, 2016 ShowsASIS, Certified Protection Specialist, CPP, Enterprise Security Integration, Gail Essen, Honeywell, Physical Security ProfessionalImagine IT Webteam
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Chuck Harold & Guests
Gail Essen HoneyWell.com | BuildingSolutions.com
Chuck Harold
The Security Guy
Full text of radio show
Please forgive any typos, this podcast was transcribed by my typing pool comprised of volunteer stalkers.
Chuck: Welcome to Security Guy Radio. What's your name?
Gail: My name is Gail Essen, CPP, PSP, I'm with Honeywell.
Chuck: That's a lot of acronyms, what does it stand for. For my nieces and nephews who don't know what that stand for?
Gail: What that stands for CPP, both of those Board, ASIS Board Certified. CPP stands for Certified Professional Protection.
Chuck: Certified Protection Specialist.
Gail: Correct and PSP is Physical Security Professional.
Chuck: Oh, I was wondering what that was. I don't have any acronyms. Well, I'm junior, but that's all I have. So what do you for them?
Gail: What I do for Honeywell is, we represent our enterprise level clients, so we bring in solutions that meet their multinational, they're usually in highly regulated industry, so they have to have solutions that can help them not only deliver operational efficiencies, but also ensure that they're compliance based.
Chuck: Well that's a big challenge. I used to work at Fox and Disney and I used to have to hire regional guys and that's a lot of regions, by the way right all across the country.
Gail: It is, it is.
Chuck: You know this is back in the '90s there really wasn't this enterprise view. There are couple of companies that did things, right, but Honeywell's been in this space a long time and I mean, Honeywell is synonymous with security and alarms and all kinds of things, as soon as they moved to this enterprise level, what are the challenges of the compliance area, because I think every state now has all these new regulations, and if you get it wrong as a, you know as the end user you got a problem?
Gail: There's, a huge financial implication and there's a reputation implication to the company, so compliance is number one driver and for the companies who take security, who implement security in their strategy as a core strategy those are the companies that really understand the nature and the impact that security has to their operations.
Chuck: Now you are finding that more companies are doing that?
Gail: Yes.
Chuck: Okay. Now, what's interesting to me is it it's driven by the law, by regulations…
Chuck: Not by the motivation to protect the enterprise first and foremost, right. Sometimes you get this it's like oh, I have to do it, I guess I will.
Gail: Well, in some cases…in some case it is to drive value to their core customers, so for example if you're a company that produces Baby Formula or a product that's going to affect the public a medical device for example, you do want to have to make sure that what you're putting out there to the public is the best, it's safe, it's quality, and so compliance that it's not a problem. They do, they really do drive towards safety and security.
Chuck: Okay. I understand correctly, that's a good observation, because we're talking about manufacturing, we're talking about consumer products not guarding the office building and paper or something.
Gail: Correct. Yes. Yes.
Chuck: So, talk about some, you don't have to name main clients per se, but what is kind of a big client and how do you help them across a wide enterprise? Worldwide I assume.
Gail: Well…correct. Global accounts, multinational accounts, regional accounts and really what they are looking for us to do for them is to really help them build a tech, multi-year technology roadmap as well as helping them understand how the products can deliver to their corporate strategy. How we can connect what we're doing, how we can deliver an ROI, how we can improve operations, how we can increase the effectiveness of their manpower, how could we reduce incidents, how can, you know by using the systems and the technology behind it. We also go in there and we help them really build security plans. We'll come in and we will do initial risk assessments and vulnerability assessments, so it's an end-to-end solution, it's not just about the product. In fact the product is really a secondary thought.
Chuck: It's a good point.
Gail: It's — we really look at the corporation and what they're doing and try to identify and understand what that means and then bring in the appropriate solutions. The solutions never come first; the solutions come after an intensive look and feel what that company is doing.
Chuck: Now, who drives these at an enterprise level, I mean, at lower level it's purchasing, you know, well we can't afford it sorry there is decision made, no board meeting, right.
Gail: Right.
Chuck: At a higher level who drives these issues?
Gail: At higher level that, those decisions are really done at the more the C-Suite level, so what you look to penetrate is the CSO. Most of these companies have a CSO. They're connected with the CFO, the CIO, so the C-Suite first, they get the value proposition. They understand how this is going to help their business, how it's going to help their clients and help them position in the marketplace, so they are the ones that you work with first, and really it's a collective. It's really a family, you have IT involved, you have physical security, you have facilities, you have operations, you have HR, you have a lot of entities involved in the final decision making and the direction of the path.
Chuck: I'm really happy to hear this. I mean I've been doing this a long time; I've been in the business 32 years, white hair right. You know, Fortune 50 experience, but when I was in Fortune 50 arena, this was not at the C-level, just it wasn't for whatever reason, right, so I'm happy to hear this is coming up to that level, because really that's the only way to be effective.
Gail: It is.
Chuck: Nobody cared what I said as a Director of Security. I'm sorry they just didn't, you know, but if the boss came in, and said we're going to do this, it happens, so I mean funny example is, we initiated ID cards at Fox one day. Nobody wanted to use them and all of a sudden Mr. Murdoch shows up at the gate, uses his ID card, boy, everybody wanted to use to it. Not because they are afraid, but they want to please him, you know, that's how it works, so when we get involved at this level, how do you handle the challenges of per se going across different countries, let's say it's Company A who is in 10 countries, with 10 different cultures, 10 different languages, but you really need the same security plan mostly at an enterprise level to start, right that's where your policies come and then the policies drive down performance, right. How do you handle that part of it?
Gail: Right. Well, that is a challenge, because when you're talking about in multiple countries, in multiple regions there are trade and different compliance, different ways of doing business. You know, EMEA, APAC, everybody it's different than the way we do it in America, so there are different challenges you have to really work well with the local entities in that country, in that space and understand what that, culturally how they operate, because that's the key thing you cannot be successful if you're not dealing in their sub-culture or otherwise it's not going to work.
Chuck: Oh, I agree with you 100%. I mean it works at a micro level, in a big corporation here, right. So when I rolled out ID cards, they'd not had ID cards in 75 years and all of a sudden who is this idiot trying to make me wear an ID card. I had to pre-sell it. I had to get, buy in agreement from all the bosses and department heads and then when they brought into it, it fell better, but it was a challenge to not, without the cultural buy-in all the technical bills and whistles and all the rules nobody cares.
Gail: Correct. So, it's conformance to policy it's at a minimum level that's what you want, but you really in order to get it implemented you have to understand how they operate, how they think in, you know what is, you know, really make them understand the value to them. What it's going to do for them, and how it's going to improve their life or make it safer, easier.
Chuck: Now you mentioned Return on Investment, this is a big driver right now.
Chuck: Security used to be considered a cost center. I've always thought it could be a profit center or at least a break-even center, right. How do you guys look at that, how do, how do you present the Return on Investment to a C-Suite?
Gail: Oh, easy.
Chuck: Oh, good. I like easy question.
Gail: Yes. I, to me the ROI is a good conversation, because if they see security as a cost center they're looking at it completely wrong. I'll, I give you several examples, but one is and it connects to compliance, so if we don't have a process or something in place and you have a violation, you have an incident that's going to cost your company to shut down. You are going to lose revenues you're going to lose reputation in the market. You're going — and then you're going to get the fine on top. So, all of that combined is a, is a huge cost compared to what the minor investment would be to implement the mitigation strategy that should have been in place to prevent that in the first place.
Chuck: Yeah, you still see the data breaches, you know, Target. I love Target, any time you go to buy something Target has it right and I was very disappointed in their breach, because it didn't need to happen.
Gail: No.
Chuck: You know, this sort of thing I think helps the ROI argument, because that's going to cost them X amount of dollars per breach of data, when the whole system going to cost them $2 million.
Gail: Correct.
Chuck: You see what I'm saying?
Chuck: Now, how do you sustain, here's a big challenge I've always found. Honeywell comes in, we work with compliance, we change the culture. We get it all wired in, everybody is happy. Talk about sustainability.
Gail: Sustainability is a good one, because really you have to when you're doing your original assessments you have to, you have to maintain those assessments, so you don't just come in and do your one assessment, call it good, implement the mitigation tactics and then move on, that's not how it works, so really that's what we do, that's our sweet spot, because we kind of involve and help you build a multi-year roadmap and it's not just around technology, it's about policy building, it's about changing the culture, because sometimes it's not there yet. Oftentimes, these companies are they're a conglomerate of companies that have been come together through acquisitions…
Chuck: That's right, all different cultures, business cultures.
Gail: Correct, so you have a lot of different thoughts of — they were raised up in one sub-culture for security, one has a higher level than the other, and so you have to get everybody sort of evened out, and that takes a while, and so they're building that road map, building that multi-year plan, that is what we do and we do it very well.
Chuck: Now, do you offer a service, you know, paid service or whatever that assigned somebody as a, what the best word would be the Project Manager, you know the contact. That kind of comes in and audits your own system for them, because I found, you are not – installer, we are talking your straddle level, C level, but you are an integrator. You may have to integrate the local camera guy, who put this in and make his cameras work with whatever system you are using in such and you know what happens is, if somebody puts a camera and then they get, the leave and then three years later, "Oh, how come you don't have video because the camera broke we didn't fix it. How do you handle that sustained maintenance and I guess testing is a good, a good way to describe the system. You know, really challenge the system, make sure it's working.
Gail: Yes, so we — as part of, as part of any solid plan, there is a built-in service side component to it, There's professional services at the onset, but there is a long on-going service plan that goes with it, so every year we come in, and we'll do annual test and inspections. Typically what we do in these large enterprise solutions you can't just go in and say, "You know March 1 we're going to test everything". So, over the course of the year everything gets tested once, at least once and then what happens is you build out, say, "Okay" and then also the systems are getting smarter, so they can report to you, "Hey my camera isn't working, or maybe I have analytics on there that tells me that the camera has been spray painted over.
So it's not its working but it's not recording anything because there is no imaging, so they're, so with the annual test and maintenance programs that we have available that's how we can sustain the systems and elongate their life. If you take even a simple door application for example where over, you know, I've worked in a new construction, so if you build out, they occupy and after one year the building starts to shift and these doors get out of sync and if you don't fix that you're going to shorten the life of your electric strike by years, so it's an easy thing to do, just go and look at that visually test it, and then you're going to elongate all of your solutions and your ROI then just continues to build.
Chuck: The reason I asked whether you have an internal security department in a large enterprise or an external contractor. There tends to be high turnover in security departments. More so the contractor let's say, right.
Chuck: Who owns this after you have put it in? It's driven from the C-Suite which is fabulous, right you need that, but who owns it down on a day-to-day working level, is it just security in their department or are there other partners in that help to maintain that?
Gail: On the client side it's typically managed by the CSO, who then he has his armies of folks, so regionally they use their Regional Directors. They also work with the CIO, the infrastructure folks, so they team up very well that way, and then they drive that out to the enterprise level and once it's in place and we have that ongoing plan in place, if you stick to the plan you will, you'll have a successful security program at the end of the day that's how it works.
Chuck: What is one of your largest enterprises? You don't have to name a name, but you can if you want to it's up to you and you can give me some, give me some scale on it how many countries or regions that kind of thing.
Gail: Oh, we have many that are across the globe thousands and thousands of readers and cameras thousands and….
Chuck: They can kind of act as one overall system.
Chuck: Separated by regions and countries.
Gail: Correct and so what happens is they acquire another company, then we go in and we try, we look at what that company has in place, what needs to change to get to their standards and then start implementing the changes…
Chuck: Your challenge is with integration, right.
Chuck: Last year somebody told me that as of 2014 analogue cameras still out sold digital cameras.
Gail: That's unbelievable.
Chuck: It is, isn't, right.
Gail: It's hard to believe.
Chuck: So, you come into a company and they just bought Company Z and they got an Earl tape deck and you know Pelco Camera and it's circa 1984.
Gail: And it's working.
Chuck: It's working.
Gail: And they say why do we have to replace it.
Chuck: Exactly, but how do you integrate it, how do you bring them into that. I mean, you know maybe there's a corporate mandate and they have to do it, but what are the technical challenges or something like that?
Gail: Well, the technology challenges are the, traditionally the infrastructure, so you know, you then you have to outfit with encoders and routers and switches and switch everything, even if you can sustain if the camera is good and solid, you can sustain that camera and just convert the backbone to the technology that you needed to be, and then get it to the VMS that it's going to attach to, because ultimately that's where you have to get it to anyway, you have to get it to the VMS that you are talking to, so you, but that is a challenge, because usually these things, and you know, you're going to find these cameras out on a pole and the cable has been buried and no longer there's no accessibility in that pipe anymore and we've run into all kinds of challenges and it's big.
Chuck: It is. I find going to these conventions that we have a lot of smart people here that have a lot of solutions, but when you take all those solutions for manufacturing side, it's taken to the operation side that's the biggest challenge. There is a very sad case in San Francisco few years ago, where women in a hospital walked off her bed, and they couldn't find her and they looked for her, and three weeks later they found her dead in the stairwell, locked in the stairwell. Oh, we didn't see the camera is broken, but, the camera worked, oh, about a year and a half ago, all right and nobody thought that well the camera's out that's significant. My question was why didn't the guard walk the stairwells, all right? So yeah the operations level is always, it's always the challenge. We have the technology, but how do we get in place, right? So do you have any, any good stories? There is also some more stories about something that succeeded or you are called in because the company waited until after they were hit for something then they put it.
Gail: That's almost always unfortunately, that's almost always the case.
Chuck: Oh, it's that almost always when you get a call is after something catastrophic.
Gail: Yes because, you know, we will try to approach them, I shouldn't say almost always, but in often times that happens, because you approach them they say well, if and truly if they, if you can tell the companies where security is core to their strategy or not, because if it's not core to their strategy they're going to wait to that devastation hits then implement. Those are the companies that then all of a sudden it becomes mission-critical.
Chuck: And then it has to be done tomorrow.
Gail: Correct. So, yes, we have tons of those that happen, and unfortunately we try to go ahead of that and pre-warn them, give them you know our case studies and our long examples, and how we can help them, but until if they, if it's not core to their strategy they are not going to implement it.
Chuck: Well, one thing I like about Honeywell, because you guys have been around a long time. I didn't look it up, but it's, I mean Honeywell was around since I was a kid in some capacity.
Gail: Right very, very old.
Chuck: So, you are a trusted brand.
Chuck: That has some experience and Honeywell is not going to go away tomorrow.
Chuck: Right. What's Honeywell got on the table that they're working on, that could be the latest, greatest thing anything in the pipeline or some of your latest products that you might think people are interested in?
Gail: We have, actually we have, we really do have quite a few products and the thing about what we do is, we can take our what we call our EBI solution, and we…
Chuck: Spell that for me.
Gail: E-B-I.
Chuck: What's that stand for?
Gail: EBI.
Chuck: Okay, Enterprise Business something.
Gail: Something like that and so what EBI does is, it will actually connect not only to the security solutions, but it has hooks to other things, like energy manager, access control, VMS all kinds of things, you can take a EBI as a core engine and incorporate that in to your whole building so…
Chuck: So, can you come in, can Honeywell System come in and integrate and work with an older proprietary system whatsoever?
Gail: We can because a lot of the Honeywell actually owns a lot of like Allerton and some of these other companies out there who have other subsystems that we can talk to, on a HVAC side, the backbone is they have common protocols that we talk to BACnet for example. So, yes we can communicate with a lot of these other solutions that are out there.
Chuck: That's really important. People overlook HVAC, right. If your server room get's too hot, guess what? You are done. You're offline.
Chuck: And HVAC is seldom integrated with the security department. Now at the studio we had to, because we were on the air and we're live and if you didn't something would happen and it happened one day we called it Black Sunday, Fox went off the air for the X-Files. Cost them $125,000 a minute and they are off for 45 minutes. What happened was we got an alarm, because we had an integration that guard saw it and said, "hey, TOC your air-condition is not working don't worry about it and we called them three times and they didn't pay attention, because they thought security don't know what they were talking about, right, and they went off the air, so I'm glad to hear that we have that and of course Honeywell is in that space with thermostats and it had been there forever. So, it's kind of a natural connection.
Gail: Correct. Right, it's a natural. Yeah, so you get a whole system solution, and the beauty of it is you have the core engine and then you just bolt on when needed or where needed, where applicable, so again we don't come in with a solution first, we look at the enterprise and what their needs are, and then design around that, but the idea being that you have this capability to orchestrate your entire building and a lot of times and then also include into that the fire perspective as well.
Chuck: They're big in air space as well, right.
Gail: It's life, its life safety, so everything connects in and at the end of the day, when you're talking about a true plan, a holistic plan you have to consider all of these things. Energy savings what that going to do to your building, your HVAC, how you're protecting your people, how you're getting them in and out, the fire components, so it really is a holistic approach.
Chuck: I think in the past they were looked at silos, facilities handles air conditioning.
Chuck: Fire and safety handles fire, it really has to be integrated together.
Gail: It does.
Chuck: You know what do you guys do about the Black Cats, the hackers. They just had a, at Christmas time, the first successful hack of a public utility happened at the Ukraine and really nobody heard about it, but it took out all the power for eight hours, and this is a big problem, so how does Honeywell approach that? You know, fortifying the system.
Gail: Yeah, so connecting also back to the EBI there's another cyber component an InfoSec component to that, so that's just another, we can do that, we can do risk assessments in that area, is that on, "Okay, we can do risk assessments in that area as well, so the, that's a huge thing, because you can place a camera, an IP camera and that's your back door in or your front door in, really.
Chuck: People forget that a camera is now a computer for lack of a better term on a network, right.
Gail: Correct. Or even a reader, an IP based reader same thing, so if you don't put it in right and set it up to protect your network, if you don't have, you have that proper layered security in place then you've, you've just left yourself vulnerable to the world.
Chuck: You know, there was a survey years ago where they found that some guy in Ukraine figured out that most passwords of cameras are password underscore zero and nobody ever resets, the installers didn't, right and he was logging into cameras all around the world seeing all kinds of stuff. So, Honeywell gets that part and that's good, because a lot of time the installers, says, "Okay I got my camera done see you later buddy. Does Honeywell have an IT department per se at an enterprise level that works with the IT you know CISO. Sometimes the CISO and the CSO, yeah, they talk, but they're still separate departments, right?
Gail: Correct, yes, so we have, we have entities that we work with, Honeywell, you know as a corporation we do outsourcing like any other company does of certain fields and the IT is one of those that we do, but we can leverage our own groups that we use to come in and work with us on these projects to work with the CISO or CIO.
Chuck: You are making sure when you put the camera in the password is not password underscore zero.
Gail: Oh, absolutely not, no. Our technicians, so we have, we have programs where we have mandatory fields that they have to fill out and to make sure that these things are being changed, and that's again all part of the holistic solution, so you take this big approach and you have to drill it all the way down to that very final thing, because that's if you don't do that very simple thing…
Chuck: It's the simple, the whole systems on, right?
Chuck: So, enterprise level corporations and people tend to like single point of contact.
Chuck: Maybe it's not practical for you in 10 countries. You're not going to fly around the 10 countries or maybe you are, right, but tell me how Honeywell represents itself with the C-Suite, is there one point of contact that drives the project and gets it all done, you know what I'm saying?
Gail: Right, so we have a couple different approaches that we actually do have and oftentimes they do want a single point of contact, but what the other thing that we do very well is we'll connect our C-Suite to their C-Suite.
Chuck: Oh, that's interesting.
Gail: They are likely already connected, so we'll take like David Cote our CEO and he probably knows their CEOs. So, they are already connected, so we connect people at the appropriate levels and so while I would be a single point of contact overarching to the whole enterprise, they still have their sub connections across…
Chuck: Of course, yeah to get it done and you know why they want a single point of contact, right.
Gail: Yeah, one throat to choke.
Chuck: That's exactly right, well Honeywell gets it.
Gail: Well, what I say is it's one neck to hug that's what I say.
Chuck: That's a better approach. Gail, it's been a fascinating conversation.
Gail: Thank you.
Chuck: I'm so glad we hooked up here.
Gail: Yeah likewise.
Chuck: In ISC West and you are welcome to come on the show anytime you want, tell us what's going on with Honeywell.
Gail: Thank you so much.
Chuck: Thanks for coming on the show.
Gail: It's good to be here. Thank you.
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text:
Police officer accused of assaulting handcuffed prisoner indicted
Worcester Officer Michael Motyka facing assault and battery charge
A Massachusetts police officer charged with assaulting a handcuffed prisoner has been indicted on an assault and battery charge.The state attorney's general office said Monday that Worcester Officer Michael Motyka will be arraigned in Superior Court at a later date. He previously pleaded not guilty at his district court arraignment and is free on personal recognizance.The indictment did not include a civil rights charge, which he had faced in district court. Motyka is white and the prisoner was black.The 17-year police veteran is charged with assaulting and kicking the handcuffed prisoner at the police department on Dec. 1 and making a racially disparaging remark. Motyka is on paid leave.Motyka's lawyer has previously said his client's actions may be related to PTSD after nine years in the military.
WORCESTER, Mass. —
A Massachusetts police officer charged with assaulting a handcuffed prisoner has been indicted on an assault and battery charge.
The state attorney's general office said Monday that Worcester Officer Michael Motyka will be arraigned in Superior Court at a later date. He previously pleaded not guilty at his district court arraignment and is free on personal recognizance.
The indictment did not include a civil rights charge, which he had faced in district court. Motyka is white and the prisoner was black.
The 17-year police veteran is charged with assaulting and kicking the handcuffed prisoner at the police department on Dec. 1 and making a racially disparaging remark. Motyka is on paid leave.
Motyka's lawyer has previously said his client's actions may be related to PTSD after nine years in the military.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Ex-peacekeeper and police officer. Came to Chernarus after outbreak to save daughter Amelia who is alone somewhere in Chernarus. During a peacekeeping mission here in the 90's he fell in love with a woman (Anita) and they had Amelia, but when Jason's tour ended he had to return to Canada and has been fighting to bring his family there ever since but the outbreak tore the world apart and now Jason fights to get to them. He begged his brother, Dave, Little to fly him to Chernarus on one of Dave's small planes and he agreed. As the plane neared the coast the plane ran out of fuel and the plane fell towards the ground. The plane crashed on the coast and the crash rendered Jason unconscious. When Jason awoke his brother was gone and the wreckage was nowhere in sight. With many goals in mind he starts his adventure on the coasts of what he believes to be Chernarus.


In October 2018, GPS closed a transaction with Innova Refining and Chemie Tech in Dubai concerning a JV to develop a Greenfield terminal in Hamriyah Free Zone, Sharjah, UAE. The terminal will have a capacity of 177,640 cubic meters and will primarily serve as an industrial terminal for Innova's nearby waste oil re-refinery which is in the process of being commissioned with a capacity of over 1 million metric tons per year. The terminal construction is well underway and will be commissioned early in 2020.


text:
Previous (Aspartame)
Next (Aspasia)
Chemical structure of L-aspartic acid
Systematic (IUPAC) name
(2S)-2-aminobutanedioic acid
CAS number 56-84-8
PubChem 5960
Formula C4H7NO4
Mol. weight 133.10
SMILES N[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(O)=O
Complete data
Aspartic acid, also called asparaginic acid and alpha-aminosuccinic acid, is an acidic, α-amino acid that is found in many proteins and is common in young sugar cane and sugar beets. It is closely related to the amino acid asparagine. Along with glutamic acid, it is classified as an acidic amino acid.
In humans, the L-isomer, which is the only form that is involved in protein synthesis, is one of the 20 standard amino acids required for normal functioning. However, it is considered to be non-essential, since it does not have to be taken in with the diet, but can be synthesized by the human body from other compounds through chemical reactions.
Aspartic acid is pervasive in biosynthesis and is the precursor to several amino acids. Aspartic acid is a metabolite in the urea cycle and participates in gluconeogenesis. It also acts as a neurotransmitter. The non-carbohydrate, non-nutritive artificial sweetener and flavor enhancer aspartame (aspartyl-phenylalanine-1-methyl ester) is synthesized from aspartic acid and the essential amino acid, phenylalanine.
The discovery, manufacture, and use of the sweetener aspartame, which is now found in many products, addresses a human desire for sweet things while trying to avoid the negative consequences of consuming excess sugar. As is the case with many technological innovations intervening in some way with the biological order of the world, aspartame not only achieves the desired positives desired but also stirs controversy with some people alleging health risks for consuming aspartame, while many scientists are confident there are no such risks (EHSO).
Aspartic acid's three letter code is ASP, its one letter code is D, its codons are GAU and GAC, and its systematic name is 2-Aminobutanedioic acid (IUPAC-IUB 1983).
3 Biochemical role and uses
In biochemistry, the term amino acid is frequently used to refer specifically to alpha amino acids: Those amino acids in which the amino and carboxylate groups are attached to the same carbon, the so-called α–carbon (alpha carbon). The general structure of these alpha amino acids is:
H2N-C-COOH
where R represents a side chain specific to each amino acid.
Most amino acids occur in two possible optical isomers, called D and L. The L amino acids represent the vast majority of amino acids found in proteins. They are called proteinogenic amino acids. As the name "proteinogenic" (literally, protein building) suggests, these amino acid are encoded by the standard genetic code and participate in the process of protein synthesis. In aspartic acid, only the L-stereoisomer is involved in protein synthesis.
Aspartic acids chemical formula is HOOC-CH(NH2)-CH2-COOH, or more generally C4H7NO4.
Aspartic acid behaves similarly to glutamic acid. It carries a hydrophilic acidic group with strong negative charge. Aspartic acid usually is located on the outer surface of the protein, making it water-soluble. It binds to positively-charged molecules and ions, often used in enzymes to fix the metal ion.
Racemic aspartic acid (equal amounts of left- and right-handed stereoisomers) can be synthesized from diethyl sodium phthalimidomalonate, (C6H4(CO)2NC(CO2Et)2) (Dunn and Smart 1963).
Biochemical role and uses
Aspartic acid is non-essential in mammals, being produced from oxaloacetate by transamination. In plants and microorganisms, aspartic acid is the precursor to several amino acids, including four that are essential: Methionine, threonine, isoleucine, and lysine. The conversion of aspartic acid to these other amino acids begins with reduction of aspartic acid to its "semialdehyde," HO2CCH(NH2)CH2CHO (Lehninger et al. 2000).
Asparagine is derived from aspartic acid via transamidation:
HO2CCH(NH2)CH2CO2H + GC(O)NH2 HO2CCH(NH2)CH2CONH2 + GC(O)OH
(where GC(O)NH2 and GC(O)OH are glutamine and glutamic acid, respectively)
Aspartic acid also is a metabolite (intermediates and products of metabolism) in the urea cycle and participates in gluconeogenesis. Gluconeogenesis is the generation of glucose from non-sugar carbon substrates like pyruvate, lactate, glycerol, and glucogenic amino acids (primarily alanine and glutamine).
Aspartic acid carries reducing equivalents in the malate-aspartate shuttle, which utilizes the ready interconversion of aspartate and oxaloacetate, which is the oxidized (dehydrogenated) derivative of malic acid. Aspartic acid donates one nitrogen atom in the biosynthesis of inositol, the precursor to the purine bases.
As a neurotransmitter, aspartate (the conjugate base of aspartic acid) stimulates NMDA receptors, though not as strongly as the amino acid neurotransmitter glutamate does (Chen et al. 2005). It serves as an excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain and is an excitotoxin.
As a neurotransmitter, aspartic acid may provide resistance to fatigue and thus lead to endurance, although the evidence to support this idea is not strong.
The artificial sweetener and flavor enhancer, aspartame is made from aspartic acid and phenylalanine. It is made only from the L-isomers of the amino acids. Although L-aspartic acid has a flat taste and L-phenylalanine has a bitter taste, these can be combined with some modifications to give the sweet taste of aspartame.
Chen, P. E., M. T. Geballe, P. J. Stansfeld, A. R. Johnston, H. Yuan, A. L. Jacob, J. P. Snyder, S. F. Traynelis, and D. J. A. Wyllie. 2005. Structural features of the glutamate binding site in recombinant NR1/NR2A N-Methyl-D-aspartate receptors determined by site-directed mutagenesis and molecular modeling. Molecular Pharmacology 67: 1470-1484.
Doolittle, R. F. 1989. Redundancies in protein sequences. In G. D. Fasman, ed., Prediction of Protein Structures and the Principles of Protein Conformation. New York: Plenum Press. ISBN 0306431319
Dunn, M. S., and B. W. Smart. 1963. DL-Aspartic Acid. Organic Syntheses 4: 55.
Environment, Health, and Safety Online (EHSO). Aspartame in Diet Drinks and Your Health. Retrieved June 17, 2008.
International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry and International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (IUPAC-IUB) Joint Commission on Biochemical Nomenclature. 1983. Nomenclature and symbolism for amino acids and peptides: Recommendations on organic & biochemical nomenclature, symbols & terminology. IUPAC-IUB. Retrieved June 14, 2007.
Lehninger, A. L., D. L. Nelson, and M. M. Cox. 2000. Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry, 3rd ed. New York: Worth Publishing. ISBN 1572591536
Major families of biochemicals
Peptides | Amino acids | Nucleic acids | Carbohydrates | Nucleotide sugars | Lipids | Terpenes | Carotenoids | Tetrapyrroles | Enzyme cofactors | Steroids | Flavonoids | Alkaloids | Polyketides | Glycosides
Analogues of nucleic acids: The 20 Common Amino Acids Analogues of nucleic acids:
Alanine (dp) | Arginine (dp) | Asparagine (dp) | Aspartic acid (dp) | Cysteine (dp) | Glutamic acid (dp) | Glutamine (dp) | Glycine (dp) | Histidine (dp) | Isoleucine (dp) | Leucine (dp) | Lysine (dp) | Methionine (dp) | Phenylalanine (dp) | Proline (dp) | Serine (dp) | Threonine (dp) | Tryptophan (dp) | Tyrosine (dp) | Valine (dp)
Aspartic_acid history
Gluconeogenesis history
History of "Aspartic acid"
Retrieved from https://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/p/index.php?title=Aspartic_acid&oldid=818493


After the Argentine GP, the moods are still very exalted between Valentino Rossi and Marc Márquez. The touch of the Spanish made the Italian end up on the grass and, consequently, off the points. With this, the #93 took a penalty of 30 seconds and ended up not being able to earn any point for the championship.
The replies from the riders continue and this time Rossi came back to address the issue. In the eyes of the Yamaha rider, this situation between the two riders has been allowed since this rivalry began. # 46 continues and accuses Márquez of not thinking about his way of being on the track, at the same time he is a believer that Spanish will be different when he is older.
'I think this whole situation has been let go, but not now, but from the beginning . When you are between 15 and 25 years old you are aggressive, you think relatively little, and you are very hungry. It is the law of life. At thirty, you think more, do not risk so much and you have another point of view', said Valentino Rossi quoted by El Confidencial.


text:
Balaustium medicagoense is a species of mite belonging to the family Erythraeidae. This large, densely hairy mite is up to 1.6 mm in length with one pair of eyes set well back on the body. The first pair of legs is just longer than the body.

This mite is associated with Medicago sativa and various other plants and has been recorded in the vicinity of Caledon and Grabouw, South Africa.

References
Nine new species of the superfamily Erythraeoidea (Acarina: Trombidiformes) associated with plants in South Africa, Magdalena K.P. Meyer & P.A.J. Ryke, Acarologia I

Trombidiformes
Animals described in 1959
Endemic fauna of South Africa

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


ANTIQUES ROADSHOW host Mark L. Walberg meets appraiser Eric Silver at Miami's Wolfsonian Museum to examine its large collection of World's Fair objects. Highlights include: a rare, Qing Dynasty (early 18th-century) vase; a 1956 Gretsch Chet Atkins Model 6120 guitar; and a charming oil painting by popular Victorian artist John George Brown, valued at $40,000 to $50,000.
Premieres Monday, October 28, 2013 at 8:00 p.m. ET/PT. Check your local listings.
Appraisal: 1971 Clementine Hunter Painting, from ROADSHOW's Special: Cats & Dogs.


Hello guys! really long time no see.. I've been really not motivated these days and i don't know but i feel that i'm stuck somewhere. I just don't know what to do to make more useful content for my blog other than reviewing products. Oh well, i think i will talk more about it in separate post, meanwhile i will talk about Innisfree my cushion case & the cushion itself.


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22 Celebs Who Love Ryan Gosling Just As Much As You Do
Gosling, who turns 38 today, is the OG Internet boyfriend...and his fellow stars are just as into him
By Tierney Bricker 12 Nov, 2018 7:58 PMTags
Ryan GoslingBirthdaysFeatures
There are a few universal truths: Everyone cries during This Is Us. Everyone will stop what they are doing to watch a car chase on TV. And everyone loves Ryan Gosling.
The Canadian star, who turns 38 today, is the OG Internet boyfriend, thanks to his charming turns in movies like La La Land, Crazy, Stupid, Love, and, of course, The Notebook. But it's not only his on-screen charisma and talent that has had us non-stop swooning for years, it's everything: He visited a coffee shop in Toronto after the owner posted photos of his cardboard cut-out around the store. That time he couldn't stop laughing during an interview. There's that time he stopped a fight in the middle of an NYC street. How about when he and then-girlfriend Rachel McAdams reenacted their kiss from The Notebook on stage at the MTV Movie Awards?
Also, the "Hey, Girl" meme, which he reacted to in the most perfectly Gosling way ever.
Ryan Gosling's Hottest Pics!
"I never said it! Now, I understand if you're in a movie and you say, 'you complete me' or 'I'm just a girl standing in front of a guy,' and that follows you around and you've got to own that," he said. "But I never said it."
Alas, we still felt it. And isn't that all that matters?
But Gosling, who has two daughters, Esmeralda, 4, Amada, 2, with Eva Mendes, isn't just beloved by mere mortals. No, no, no. Even his fellow celebrities are as taken with the First Man star.
Chris Evans Rumored to Make His Marvelous Return as Captain America
Stone admitted she just can't imagine her life without Ryan Gosling, her three-time co-star and good friend. Literally.
During a Q&A session at the Telluride Film Festival in September, Stone talked about how much her La La Land, Crazy, Stupid, Love, and Gangster Squad co-star has impacted her life and career. revealed how much Gosling means to her and his impact on her life and career, calling him a "dear, wonderful friend" and said, "I can't even imagine what my life would be without Ryan."
She continued, "He's so special. It makes me emotional."
While Styles' unabashed love for The Notebook is well-documented, his crush on Gosling was inadvertently revealed during a game he played on BBC Radio 1's The Breakfast Show With Nick Grimshaw, where he was hooked up to a heart rate monitor and showed photos of celebs. Guess whose heart raced when a shirtless pic of Gosling from The Notebook popped up?
"Looking very handsome," "The Sign of the Times" singer said. "It's a good scene. He's great."
Gosling was later asked about Styles' reaction, and jokingly told Extra, "I'm more concerned he might have a heart condition." So modest!
The "Back to You" singer has expressed her crush on The Notebook star many times over the years, even admitting to People at InStyle and Warner Bros.' 2016 Golden Globes after-party she was looking for Gosling at the event.
"I mean, is that even a question?" she answered when asked if she had a crush on him.
Back in 2013, she revealed her interest in the star, telling Z100, "He's super-cute. I've not met him yet. I've seen him on an airplane and I freaked out so…I don't even think he saw me!"
Watch out, Justin Bieber!
The model was asked who her celebrity crush is during LOVE magazine's #LOVEFM radio call-in show this past June, where she answered, "My celebrity crush has to be...Ryan Gosling!"
Her crush on Gosling isn't some fleeting thing though, as she tweeted back in 2013, "I want Ryan Gosling in anything. Any role. Anytime of the day."
Same, girl. Same.
Using the endless Ryan Reynolds vs. Ryan Gosling rivalry to her full advantage, Lively delivered the ultimate social media burn to her husband on his birthday.
Using a photo of Gosling with Reynolds cropped just out of frame, she wrote "Happy birthday, baby."
Iconic.
Warner Bros. Pictures, Getty Images
"He's just a dreamboat. It's undebatable. He's just stunning. Not only physically, but in terms of talent—a general sex appeal that he has," the Spider-Man heartthrob told Jay Leno about his "proper man crush."
Legend had nothing but admiration for his La La Land co-star, gushing about him while promoting the Oscar-nominated movie.
The EGOT winner admitted to being a little bit jealous of how quickly Gosling learned to play piano, telling Nova FM in a radio interview, "The fact that he learnt as well as he did is pretty impressive for someone who didn't normally...in fact, I was a little bit jealous...he works so hard. I haven't seen any of his flaws yet!"
New Regency Pictures, Getty Images
"Ryan Gosling looks sexy as hell in this movie, too. He's all muscled out...I love Ryan," Cooper told GQ U.K. about his Place Beyond the Pines costar. "Honor to work with him. He's one of our greatest actors. Nice guy, too."
And following some backlash in 2014, Cooper conceded his People's Sexiest Man Alive (from 2011) title to Gosling, saying on BBC's Graham Norton Show that he saw paparazzi photos of his friend online that convinced him on the injustice of it all.
"He literally looks like he's in a photo shoot, like he just came off the runway. With, like, the peacoat...with the scarf," he said, "and there's ones of me, and I literally look like the neighbor that never comes out of his house and when he does it makes you go, like, maybe he should just stay in. So it's interesting!"
Did you know Timberlake and Gosling have known each other since 1993? Both were members The All-New Mickey Mouse Club, along with Britney Spears and Christina Aguilera.
"He's always been that charismatic and that talented," Timberlake told Ellen back in 2011. "I think one of the best actors of our generation."
And guess what? They were roommates growing up, as Gosling lived with Timberlake and his mom while they filmed the show. The former Mousekeeters had a mini-reunion at the 2017 Oscars, too.
New Line Cinema, Getty Images
"Ugh - NEVER going to a Ryan Gosling movie in a theater again. Apparently masturbating in the back row is still considered 'inappropriate,'" Kendrick jokingly tweeted (we think joking...)
USA, Getty Images
"This year I have a talent crush on Ryan Gosling. I think he's fantastic and...you know he'd be nice afterwards. He seems smart. If I was gay, I would go for a smart man," the Harry Potter actor told Attitude magazine.
"I'm a big fan. I like his subtleties and how he really internalizes a lot of the emotion. And for me, that's kind of my style. So, he's definitely a big person to look up to," the Hunger Games star revealed to Elle.
PacificCoastNews.com, Getty Images
"Ryan Gosling didn't get an Academy nomination? There's some bulls--t right there," the Oscar-winning Gladiator actor ranted via tweet about Gosling getting snubbed for his work on Drive, only to later co-star with him in The Nice Guys five years later (resulting in an epic bromance).
Back in 2013, the domestic goddess revealed her crush on Gosling, even naming The Ides of March as her favorite movie of his after revealing she's watched every single one.
"I was into Ryan Gosling for quite a while," she admitted to Entertainment Weekly.
Getty Images, Pacific Coast News
"I can't count how many times I've seen The Notebook," the Jessica Jones star told Canada's Fashion magazine. "I'm glad there's an appetite for a leading man who is unconventional...The world needs more Ryan Goslings."
Can we get that embroidered on a t-shirt?
Fame Pictures, Getty Images
"When it comes to Hollywood hunks I am attracted to Ryan Gosling," the Keeping Up With the Kardashians star and model told Life & Style magazine. back in 2013. "I love The Notebook Ryan and bad boy Ryan."
Richard Foreman/OddLot Entertainment, Getty Images
"My job in this film was to fall in love with Ryan Gosling—rough. He was amazing, such a nice guy. He's so sweet," Gosling's Drive costar and love interest revealed while promoting their film at Comic-Con.
National Photo Group, AP Photo
"@EmWatson told me she'd be far more interested in playing Anastasia in 50 Shades of Grey if Ryan Gosling plays Christian. #mugglelove," Ryan Seacrest tweeted about rumors that Emma would join the S&M-filled movie before Dakota Johnson was cast. Ah, remember the 50 Shades of Grey casting rumors days? We were all so young then.
"Ryan Gosling! I love Ryan Gosling! I remember meeting him for the first time at the Governors Ball and I freaked out. And he stares into your soul. And he's really tall!" the younger Fanning sister gushed to W magazine back in the day...only to have him moderate a 2016 panel for her movie, Neon Demon.
Splash News, Getty Images
"Do I look OK? I feel like I'm going on a date with Ryan Gosling and I'm kind of nervous. I hope he likes me," the comedian once joked with pal Anderson Cooper before the duo called the Ryan Gosling Hotline.
Eric Charbonneau/WireImage
"I don't like that man. Mr. Tall and Handsome, but I'm told he'll grow out of it...I was an actor at the same age he is. I couldn't do any of things that he can. I had a mullet and was in some bad sitcom," Clooney backhand complimented his Ides of March costar.
Focus Features, Getty Images
"I loved the whole film and was engaged every moment of the way. But what I want to talk about is the first section, the Gosling section; I want to make love to this section," Franco reviewed after seeing Place Beyond the Pines.
The Masked Dancer Just Shocked Us All With the Moth Reveal


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L'edizione 1955-56 della Staatsliga (A) vide la vittoria finale del SK Rapid Wien.

Capocannoniere del torneo fu Johann Buzek del First Vienna con 33 reti.

Classifica finale

Verdetti
 SK Rapid Wien Campione d'Austria 1955-56.
 SK Rapid e Wacker ammesse alla Coppa Mitropa 1956.
 FC Wien e ESV Austria Graz retrocesse.

Collegamenti esterni

Calcio nel 1955
Calcio nel 1956
Fußball-Bundesliga (Austria)


What is Economic Development? It can be different things to different communities. In Campbell County and Gillette we use the Building Blocks of Economic Development as a guide to help people understand what we do.
Does it further diversify Campbell County's economy?
Does it build on existing strengths that Campbell County already has?
Economic development initiatives and policies have a higher chance for success if they build on existing fundamentals.
Does it increase private investment in Campbell County?
Investment in facilities, goods or services creates positive economic activity where those investments are made.
Does it expand the tax base for state or local government?
or facilities are expanded or new, taxable activity or transactions occur.
Does it create new, quality jobs?
New employment opportunities are created by attracting new employers, by expanding the employment of existing firms, and supporting start-up businesses. New jobs increase the demands on the labor force which generally increases wages and/or benefits across the board. New jobs should be above the local county average or an improvement to existing employment opportunities.
Does it improve Wyoming's competitiveness?
Tax policies, incentives and governmental policies all have an impact on the viability of a business location in Wyoming versus other states. Policies should remove or reduce disadvantages of Wyoming vis-a-vis other locations.
Does it create or expand public and/or private infrastructure?
Access to transportation, water and sewer, data fiber, telecommunications, natural gas and electricity is fundamental for business to be able to create jobs and economic activity.
Does it expand or diversify the workforce?
A diverse and skilled workforce is critical to business and it is critical to the state to have businesses that require diverse skills and that create high-paying employment.
Does it generate funds for state and local governments?
It is important for local government to have the resources to meet citizens' needs and provide for the common good. Those resources can flow from the State, local taxes and levies or be expanded by increased business investment and activity.
Does it move toward more efficient and/or business-friendly government?
Minimizing governmental barriers to constructive business and maximizing government responsiveness to business and citizens helps create an environment where business can prosper and citizens' needs can be more effectively met.


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Q: Mockery\Exception\BadMethodCallException: Method Mockery_0_MyClass::shouldRecieve() does not exist on this mock object I am having trouble setting up Mockery to work in my application. I need to make a partial mockery of a library class that has a few functions in it that need to be mocked while other functions are tested. It seems like its failing to pick up the basic ShouldRecieve() function from mockery and instead trying to dig through MyClass for an instance of it. I've created an example of what is going on below.
<?php
class MyClass {
    function foo() { return $this->bar; } // to be tested
    function bar() { return true; } // to be mocked
}

class MyClass_Test extends TestCase {
    function testMyClassFoo() {
        $mock = \Mockery::mock('MyClass')->makePartial();

        $mock->shouldRecieve('bar')->once()->andReturn(true);

        $result = $mock->foo();
        $this->assertTrue($result);
    }
}

When I try to run the tests I'll get the following error:
Mockery\Exception\BadMethodCallException: Method Mockery_0_MyClass::shouldRecieve() does not exist on this mock object

I am thinking there must be something wrong with the Mockery installation but it all seems to be there. Any ideas why this might happen?

A: I know you've provided an example but I'm assuming your error is the real thing.
The method is shouldReceive().

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


We think these Datia Mugs are the perfect cup for coffee or tea. The dark slate grey contrasts perfectly with the white rim and mustard mugs. Each mug is handmade in Vietnam by talented potters, using age old techniques. Mix and match these mugs with others from the collection for a colourful palette. Also available in mustard.


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What is the Steelers best start?
Answred by. Paul Mottillo
The 7-0 run by the 1978 Steelers served as the franchise's best start until this season.
In addition, What is the Steelers best record?
Here's a look at the 10 greatest Steelers teams of the long, proud history of the franchise.
1976, 10-4 Record, Lost in AFC Championship.
1978, 14-2 Record, Won Super Bowl XIII. …
1975, 12-2 Record, Won Super Bowl X. …
1974, 10-3-1 Record, Won Super Bowl IX. …
2008, 12-4 Record, Won Super Bowl XLIII. …
Furthermore, Did Steelers win or lose?
HIGHLIGHTS: Steelers win 31-14.
Also, Are the Pittsburgh Steelers 10-0? The Pittsburgh Steelers have started their 2020 NFL season with a record of 10-0. … In NFL history, there have been 26 teams who have previously started their season 10-0.
When was the last Steelers undefeated?
Last undefeated team by season
2010 Steelers 3–0
2009 Colts 14–0
2008 Titans 10–0
Why do the Steelers have 3 stars?
Did the Steelers ever start 7 0?
Did the Steelers make the playoffs in 2020?
Are Steelers a good team?
Who have the Steelers lost to free agency?
Has a 16 0 team ever won the Super Bowl?
What team in the NFL is 10-0?
What was the last NFL team to go 10-0?
When was the last time Steelers were 10 0?
How many Super Bowls have the Steelers won in their history?
When was the last time Steelers were 5 0?
Why do the Steelers wear black and gold?
Why is the Steelers towel called terrible?
Why are the Steelers black and yellow?
How are the Steelers 7 0?
Why are the Steelers 7 0?
How many games did the Steelers win in a row 2020?
Who will the Steelers play in first round of playoffs?
The Steelers logo is based on the Steelmark logo belonging to the American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI). They also represent the three materials used to produce steel: yellow for coal, orange for iron ore and blue for steel scrap. …
Also read Are the Padres a good team?
If you believe in history you better believe in the Pittsburgh Steelers. At 7-0, they're off to their best start ever, tying the 1978 Steelers who went on to win Super Bowl XIII.
The 2020 NFL season has been a tumultuous one for the Pittsburgh Steelers. … This week the Steelers play their first playoff game since the 2017 season and they do it with nearly full health.
Here's what we know about the Steelers: they are a very good team, undeniably one of the best five in the league. … It would just confirm to us that they're a very good team, capable of beating other very good teams. Their 6-0 record already tells us that, and a convincing win over the Ravens would confirm it.
STEELERS LOSE MORE PLAYERS TO FREE AGENCY
Cornerback Mike Hilton – who signed with the Cincinnati Bengals, per NFL insider Ian Rapoport. …
Defensive end Tyson Alualu – he will return to the Jacksonville Jaguars on a two-year deal worth $6 million, per ESPN's Jeremy Fowler.
The 1972 Miami Dolphins season was the team's seventh season, and third season in the National Football League (NFL). The 1972 Dolphins are the only NFL team to win the Super Bowl with a perfect season. The undefeated campaign was led by coach Don Shula and notable players Bob Griese, Earl Morrall, and Larry Csonka.
Also read Who got drafted to Warriors?
A season in which teams have done both has happened only a handful of times before the Pittsburgh Steelers (10-0) and New York Jets (0-10) pulled it off this season. This is just the sixth season in the Super Bowl era to feature both a 10-0 team and 0-10 team and first time it has happened since 2011.
Most of these teams suffered their regular-season loss early in the year and, other than the 2007 Patriots (started regular season and playoffs 18–0), only the 1962 Packers (10–0), 1985 Bears (12–0), 2011 Packers (13–0), and 2015 Panthers (14–0) were on track for a perfect season when they lost.
In 1990 and 2009, there were multiple 10-0 teams, with one eliminating the other in the playoffs. At least the Steelers don't have to worry about that this year.
STEELERS SUPER BOWLS
The Steelers have played in eight Super Bowls, winning six of them, including four in six years.
In the 87-year history of the Pittsburgh Steelers, only two teams have started a season with a 5-0 record: the 2020 Steelers and the 1978 squad that was tabbed as the third-greatest team in league history during the NFL's centennial celebration.
These are the colors of the city's official flag which are the colors of the city's namesake Sir William Pitt. The colors black and gold are also representative of the two ingredients to create steel, coal and iron ore. Originally, the team wore gold colored helmets and black jerseys.
Also read How much does the average NFL Waterboy make?
On Halloween, Oct. 31, 2005, a special Terrible Towel was created to honor the retired Cope for his 35 years as a Steelers broadcaster and was waved prior to the Monday Night Football game between the Steelers and the Baltimore Ravens at Heinz Field.
Why do all Pittsburgh teams wear black and gold? It's pretty simple – they are the colors of Pittsburgh's flag, which in turn, is based on the coat of arms of William Pitt, the 18th century British prime minister for whom the city is named.
BALTIMORE (AP) — The Pittsburgh Steelers roared from behind to remain the lone unbeaten team in the NFL, outlasting their scorned rivals to escape with a feel-good victory that solidified their grip on first place in the AFC North.
The Steelers improved to 7-0 after their recent victory over the Baltimore Ravens. Pittsburgh has caught the attention of many throughout the league after winning their first seven games. Who saw this coming? The Steelers have been one of the most consistent teams during the season, and they are off to a strong start.
Nobody expected the Steelers to kick off 2020 by winning 11 games in a row, but things went downhill fast down the stretch. Pittsburgh lost four of its final five regular-season games to finish 11-4 before falling to the Cleveland Browns in the Wild Card Round.
Steelers Will Host Browns in First Round of Playoffs.
Answred by. Paul Mottillo October 25, 2021
What team is Tom Brady on 2021?
Did Jock Ewing really die?


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There are three main steps of the process that it´s convenient to keep in mind for your first visit to our dentist at Melbourne Family Dental in Melbourne, Florida: before, during and after the visit.
This brief summary will tell you what to expect in each one of them.
In the first part, it is advisable to complete paperwork before your visit, in order to save time. Brushing and flossing before the appointment is advisable so our dentist can do his work more efficiently.


Doctrine, it is said, never survives the battlefield unscathed. The strikes aimed at killing Iraqi President Saddam Hussein probably cannot be counted as a true example of that proposition, since the theory of precision weapons does lay down that they are only as good as the intelligence that provides the target, coupled with the speed with which fire is brought to bear.
But they certainly represent the first of the tests of the American and British armed forces, their governments and their doctrines of war at every level, which this conflict will bring.
Such doctrines go all the way from the smallest unit in the desert to the command staffs, and beyond them to governments pondering, as they will as soon as the violence ends, what will be the best course, whether military or non-military, in conflicts to come.
President George W Bush's ultimatum on Monday March 17 cited the new national security strategy, first outlined in January 2002, to the effect that, in an age when weapons of mass destruction are increasingly available, waiting to act after the enemy has "struck first is not self-defence, it's suicide''.
Critics have pointed out that the new doctrine blurs the distinction between pre-emption, which implies an imminent threat, and prevention, which implies more distant dangers.
The doctrine, as so far advanced, also tends to stress military rather than non-military solutions, and unilateral rather than multilateral decisions about the seriousness of threats. Although it does not neglect containment and deterrence, it pushes them down the list.
Taken to the extreme, it would seem to allow one country, the United States, to attack others at will if it deems them to represent a future rather than a present threat — and it might also encourage other countries to take pre-emptive action of the same kind in their neighbourhoods.
The Bush administration repudiates such sweeping interpretations and seems genuinely convinced that this is a big idea that justifies the war on Iraq and will be a key to right action for years to come.
Much of the rest of the world disagrees, either on the general principle, or on its application to Iraq, deeming the doctrine cover for other motives. In the most immediate sense, that doctrine will be tested as it becomes clear what Iraq does possess in the way of weapons of mass destruction.
their transfer to terrorists who could use them in our home countries.
of course, that the Iraqi regime planned to use them or could not have been deterred by means short of war. But it might nevertheless change the minds of many people across the world.
The completion of the military campaign without such weapons, assuming they exist in some quantity, having been effectively used or transferred, would justify the doctrine at the level of execution. It would, in other words, show that the US had developed the military means to deal with an enemy, or at least this particular enemy, without its action leading to disaster rather than disarmament.
To develop the capacity to paralyse an enemy and the speed and flexibility to get in sufficiently close to inhibit the use of weapons of mass destruction has been a preoccupation of reformers inside and outside the American services throughout the 1990s.
Major General Robert Scales, author of Yellow Smoke, a new book on such requirements, stresses the weight of firepower, and the speed and especially the cunning of manoeuvre. The British military theorist of the 1930s, Basil Liddell Hart, who advocated the "indirect approach'', slicing through the enemy to cut up his nervous system, is an inspiration for such officers.
What Scales calls the "new American style of war'' has to be both fast and indirect, for the consequences otherwise could be horrendous.
"They are halfway between the dinosaurs and the next stage of evolution,'' according to a senior army officer involved in joint strategic planning. That they will win is not in doubt, but whether they are sufficiently evolved to do the job in the clever way men like Scales recommend is another matter.
The broadest test of the doctrine will come after the war. Even assuming that it has passed the lesser tests in Iraq, the question will be whether it is useable or acceptable in other situations.
Bush's linking of Iran and North Korea with Iraq has led to fears that the US might contemplate pre-emptive wars against them. Some see an endless progression of such wars, stretching into the future, whenever the US sees, or thinks it sees, a danger of proliferation or of weapons being transferred to terrorists.
But there is a uniqueness about the Iraqi case that makes such a sequence less than automatic.
First, Iraq is ruled by a particularly evil regime and one that has defied United Nations resolutions, neither of which is true of Iran, while, with North Korea, there is an element of haplessness to an admittedly dire regime.
Second, both North Korea and Iran could soon have much more in the way of weapons of mass destruction than Iraq has, making attacks on either a far more serious proposition.
There is much to suggest that other forms of pressure would be not just preferable to a military solution, but that a military solution would be too risky for any American government, including this one, to contemplate.
That said, the Bush administration clearly hopes that victory in Iraq will make Iran and North Korea readier to bend to American concerns. Even if another effect is that such countries accelerate their nuclear weapons programmes, it need not be truly threatening, said Scales, if North Korea, for instance, was "just going to sit on them''.
The principles of pre-emption and prevention, in the broader and indisputably justifiable sense of dealing with threats in their early stages, were the subject of much attention during the past decade. In humanitarian intervention, in preparing for crop failures, refugee flows and natural disasters, in environmental protection, or in military planning they are hardly objectionable.
Military pre-emptive doctrine will survive Iraq, in particular if its contradictions are cleared up and if the rules for intervention are subject to genuine multilateral discussion.


Hey guys, did you know that Logic is biracial?!
Maryland rapper Logic's third studio album, Everybody, is yet another dense and sprawling concept album from the technical wizard. While there are still some great moments where we get to see just how impressive Logic is as a pure rapper, everything I have criticized about his music in the past is multiplied here, turning the project into what is easily his weakest effort. Logic builds a loose thread of a story around Andy Weir's novel "The Egg", where the album's central character Atom has a discussion with God, played by scientist Neil DeGrasse Tyson, in which he learns he has been getting reincarnated as every person who ever lived in order to understand the full scope of human experience.
Logic frequently speaks on his own life and the racism he experienced from both the white and black community, emphasizing a message of peace and love. While this is certainly an admirable message to have, the way Logic delivers it is heavy-handed, preachy and even contradictory at times. This is disappointing, as the music at its core is about as good as it's ever been.
Logic often comes across as more of a hip-hop fan who made it big than his own artist with his own creative vision, and he continues to wear his influences on his sleeve throughout. Everybody contains some standard hip-hop beats that frequently draw influence from rappers like Kendrick Lamar, J. Cole and Drake – all infused with an orchestral and cinematic quality that might be Logic's most original recognizable trait. He demonstrates his impressive double-time flow on almost every track here, showing that he is still among the top of his class in terms of sheer technical ability.
A unique range of guests appear here, most of them discussing these important issues with much more gravitas than Logic can – Killer Mike delivers a preacher's sermon at the end of "Confess", rising R&B artists Alessia Cara and Khalid join forces on Logic's suicide prevention anthem, and "America" brings together rap legends Black Thought, Chuck D and No ID. Even more unusual is Logic trading bars with his polar opposite Juicy J, and the appearance of actor Ansel Elgort singing at the tail end of "Killing Spree".
Logic's performance across the board is equal to or possibly even better than his previous works – it's a shame that what he's saying brings this way down. I could go on forever about the nuances of Logic's dexterous flow, and even his singing voice here is a pleasant surprise, appearing more than you would think. Every track but one here is produced by Logic's close friend and frequent collaborator 6ix and Logic himself, trading off on who receives primary credit, and these instrumentals are a very strong aspect of the album as well. Learning that Logic took on a bigger role in production than he has before impressed me even further – these are some seriously dynamic and energizing beats which should have provided a backbone emphasizing the importance of Logic's message. "America" is driven by a classic old-school boom-bap beat and a catchy yet absolutely menacing synth bass loop, while the beat of "Take It Back", one of the album's best, is wasted on a two-minute rap and a 5-minute speech.
Logic's aspirations as a movie director cause him to extend his skits even further than before, as the central thread of the story and Logic's discussions of his own life experiences often extend past 5 minutes. Some tracks have more talking than music, decreasing the album's replayability. Everything is made even more ridiculous when it is revealed that the whole world Logic paints here is just a part of the one he created on his previous album, The Incredible True Story. This album turns out to just be walking music for the astronauts on the planet Paradise. Logic has frequently been accused of being a "biter" – that is, blatantly lifting aspects other rappers have popularized for himself. "Everybody" is one of the album's best tracks, but that's because it's basically just Kendrick Lamar's "Alright". It all becomes even more evident here.
The idea of this album is very admirable and interesting in theory, but falls completely flat in execution. Logic has been proving that his intentions are in the right place for a few albums now, but he lacks the narrative coherence to effectively bring out what he is trying to say, settling for repetition of surface level concepts instead. But hey – he's a pretty impressive rapper.


text:
package com.devplant.snippets.testing;

import static org.assertj.core.api.AssertionsForInterfaceTypes.assertThat;

import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.security.access.AccessDeniedException;
import org.springframework.security.test.context.support.WithMockUser;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;

@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest(classes = {TestingApplication.class}, webEnvironment = SpringBootTest.WebEnvironment.RANDOM_PORT)
public class SecuredServiceTest {

    @Autowired
    private SecuredService securedService;

    @Test
    @WithMockUser(roles = "ADMIN")
    public void testWithAdmin() {

        String response = securedService.onlyAdmin();

        assertThat(response).isEqualTo("Only admin can call this");
    }

    @Test(expected = AccessDeniedException.class)
    @WithMockUser(roles = "SUPER_USER")
    public void testWithWrongUser() {
        securedService.onlyAdmin();
    }

}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Updated Tuesday January 29, 2019 by Christian Athletic Association.
The SoccerTots Program is for the youngest soccer enthusiasts, players aged 3 or 4. It meets on Saturdays for ~45 minutes, for what is essentially a Rec League Practice, which makes it a perfect introduction to our Youth Rec League.
The SoccerTots Program will meet at the same location for the duration of the season.
For Spring 2019 we will be at DeAnza Park.
"What time do they meet?"


The funnel cake ice cream sandwich!
As a people, we're running out of diabetes-inducing deep fried sugary deliciousness to fill our bodies with, but thankfully for us, an ice cream shop in Alhambra, CA (SHOUT OUT TO ALHAMBRA!) reached for the deep fried stars and pulled out the funnel cake ice cream sandwich. Time says that Ice Que in Alhambra is only selling these deep fried drops from sugary heaven for three hours on Thursdays and it's $6.50. It's two funnel cakes hugging a block of vanilla-mascarpone ice cream and strawberry jam. If hos start punching each other out to get their mouth around one, Ice Que will make them more often. Time thinks that it could be the "cronut" of the summer. I'm not sure about that, but I am sure that I'll probably make my own Dollar Tree version using microwavable churros, Thrifty's ice cream and Smucker's.


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The spectacular Jackson's Climbing Salamander was last seen in 1977 and considered extinct. This month a forest guard at the Rainforest Trust-supported San Isidro Amphibian Reserve in Guatemala stumbled across this amazing species – the most exciting species rediscovery of the year!
Today, Hemingway remains disillusioned and Jack and company are (spoiler alert) still dead. But the Jackson's Climbing Salamander?
In 1977, graduate students at UC Berkeley discovered three new salamander species in the Cuchumatanes mountain range of northwestern Guatemala. One of them was the Jackson's Climbing Salamander. We've seen the two other species since — the Finca Chiblac Salamander (Bradytriton silus) and the Nimble Long-limbed Salamander (Nyctanolis pernix) — but the Jackson's Climbing Salamander has eluded scientists for 40 years.
To put that into context: the last time a human spotted the species, "Hotel California" was the top song in America. But that was before this month.
Ramos León, a park guard at the Rainforest Trust-supported San Isidro Amphibian Reserve in Guatemala was patrolling near the reserve's edge. During his patrol, he noticed a small, bright yellow juvenile salamander. He took a photo which confirmed the rediscovery of Jackson's Climbing Salamander.
To amphibian experts, the Jackson's Climbing Salamander had near-mystical status. Its bright yellow skin gave the species the nickname "golden wonder." The few people who have seen the species opine that photographs do not give true justice to its vibrant colors.
In response to other salamander discoveries, Rainforest Trust supported the reserve's protection in 2015 along with FUNDAECO, the Amphibian Survival Alliance, Global Wildlife Conservation, World Land Trust and the International Conservation Fund of Canada. At the time, the Jackson's Climbing Salamander's whereabouts remained a mystery. Yet, without prior habitat protection we would likely never have seen the species again.
"With the Cuchumatanes Range under threat – a well-known epicenter for endangered amphibians and one of the highest global conservation priorities – in 2015 we acted swiftly using our Conservation Action Fund to support the purchase and protection of critical properties," said Dr. Paul Salaman, CEO of Rainforest Trust.
And so, we know that much like the Mona Lisa in 1911 and forests in Madagascar, biodiversity can get lost. But, much like the Mona Lisa in 1914 and forests in Madagascar, biodiversity can also be found.
For almost 30 years, Rainforest Trust has been the leader in the purchase and protection of private lands across the tropics for threatened species. The vast majority of these private lands are relatively small holdings, but the property known as Caloola Station, on the Cape York Peninsula of Australia, is over 44,000 acres. This property is almost entirely undisturbed and uniquely pristine habitat with a stronghold population of Endangered Northern Quolls, but until recently was on the verge of being sold to developers.
On October 31, Rainforest Trust supported its Australian partner South Endeavour Trust in the purchase of the 44,726-acre Caloola property, preventing the degradation and deforestation of this vital site. Located at the junction of the Wet Tropics, Cape York and Einasleigh Uplands bioregions, Caloola strategically connects these with two key wildlife corridors. It contains 28 regional ecosystems, 20 of which have little or no representation in the Australian protected area network. Furthermore, water for Cooktown is sourced from the Annan river that runs beside the Caloola property.
The presence of a very significant population of the Northern Quoll has been confirmed on the Caloola property. The Northern Quoll is listed as Endangered by IUCN and has been negatively impacted by habitat destruction and the non-native invasive Cane Toad, as the toads are poisonous to the quolls if consumed. The Northern Quoll population on Caloola seems to be one of the few populations that is not attempting to feed on the highly toxic Cane Toad. The protection of Caloola provides a place of refuge for this amazing marsupial.
With at least five different types of rainforest, the site also provides important habitat for the Buff-breasted Buttonquail, Black-footed Tree-rat, Red Goshawk, a range of tropical bats including the Ghost Bat and Semon's Leaf-nosed bat, as well as the Bennett's Tree-Kangaroo. It also has important populations of the threatened Cooktown Orchid and Cooktown Fan Palm.
Before being secured for conservation, the major threats to the Caloola property were derived from its proximity to the coast (just 4 miles away) and to Cooktown (about 5 miles), as it is in a prime location for residential or agriculture development. Any road construction or development could have caused major disturbances, as weed invasions – a major concern in Australia – are closely linked to vehicle movements. Such development would likely have also increased the amount of sediment coming off the property, further increasing the threat to the Great Barrier Reef.
Rainforest Trust and South Endeavour Trust have also worked together to secure the Misty Mountain Wildlife Corridor, a 173.5-acre property which links a wildlife corridor to help complete a nearly 3 million-acre rainforest mosaic in the Wet Tropics World Heritage Area.
This project was generously supported through the SAVES Challenge, and through the leadership of our partners and Luanne Lemmer and Eric Veach.
Rainforest Trust only needs to raise the last one-third of funding to support the purchase of 596 acres as a first-of-its kind project in Brazil's unique Cerrado habitat!
As a major tributary of the Amazon, Brazil's Araguaia River traverses one of the most unique landscapes of the world. It literally divides two biomes: Amazon flooded forest on one side and the Cerrado, or tropical savannah, on the other. At the convergence of this ecotone, Rainforest Trust is helping its local partner Instituto Araguaia 593 acres of pristine Cerrado that backs up to the river and connects with protected areas of the flooded forest, including Cantão State Park, where Instituto Araguaia operates.
"Every single protected area in the Cerrado is [in the rocky uplands]. There is no protection in the lowlands because of agricultural development potential," Co-founder of Instituto Araguaia George Georgiadis said in a presentation at Rainforest Trust headquarters.
Despite the uniqueness of this region, the Cerrado is the most threatened habitat in Brazil. Recognizing this, Rainforest Trust encouraged its partner to explore how this habitat is crucial for the survival of threatened species. Luckily, Ornithologist Tulio Dornas felt confident that the soon-to-be purchased parcel would be home to the rare Endangered Kaempfer's Woodpecker, which was once thought extinct.
Dornas found several pairs of Kaempfer's Woodpeckers in bamboo stands on the property, demonstrating its critical importance as a protected area for a rare species dependent on a highly specific habitat. But the property has other conservation benefits as well, including being an important habitat for the Endangered Giant Otter, who has a den along the property's riverbank; limited to no logging, an impressive feat considering the amount of hardwoods there; and a wildlife corridor for passage between the flooded forest and the Cerrado.
Unfortunately, these ecological benefits are often outweighed by agricultural pursuits, as the land is very valuable to farmers. It is possible to etch out three crops a year (two soybean and one corn) in some areas of the Cerrado with help from irrigation, making it one of the highest yielding biomes of the world for this profitable crop. Which is exactly why it is also the most threatened habitat in Brazil, even more than the Amazon rainforest. As the second largest habitat of Brazil, taking up 21 percent of the land, nearly 80 percent of it has been destroyed for agricultural developments. However, it gets little conservation attention, despite its uniqueness and importance, with approximately only 2 percent protected.
"We decided to focus our efforts as conservationists as preventative, before soy sweeps through the region like a hurricane," Silvana Campello, Co-founder of Instituto Araguaia, said in the presentation.
Soy production is the number one agricultural product from the region. Not only do soy producers deforest and burn the Cerrado, but they also use immense amounts of a pesticide that further destroys the land and pollutes the waterways, Campello said. Understanding how these behaviors could have serious impacts on the Cantão State Park, Instituto Araguaia with the help of Rainforest Trust decided to create a secure conservation corridor around the park that could help safeguard the protected area.
"a seed to persuade as many people as we can to set up private reserves," Georgiadis said.
For more information or if you are interested in helping protect Cerrado habitat, please visit our project page here.
The community-based conservation approach around Mt. Namuli has the potential to set a new precedent for community conservation in Mozambique. But it takes a village to organize and educate a village on conservation.
The conservation teams on the ground in Mozambique helped organize a puppet show put on by students from one of the local primary schools. This came on the final day of a local conservation workshop organized in part by Rainforest Trust's partners.
Rainforest Trust is currently helping expand Ecuador's Rio Canandé Reserve by 3,754 acres. Home to a number of threatened species, including the Great Green Macaw and Brown-headed Spider Monkey, the reserve is now also home to the highest number of amphibians and reptiles in any place outside the Amazon.
A recent biological survey in Ecuador's Rio Canandé Reserve uncovered many species of reptiles and amphibians not previously seen in the reserve. Scientists now believe there are 123 different species of reptiles and amphibians, making the reserve the most herpetologically diverse area in the world outside the Amazon. With potential further growth of the project, this number could increase to around 136 species. The survey was conducted by the conservation groups Fundación Jocotoco and Tropical Herping, and was supported by Rainforest Trust.
Ranging from tiny frogs to giant boas, the Canandé herp community is an eclectic bunch.
Rainforest Trust is supporting the expansion of Fundacion EcoMinga's Dracula Reserve in Ecuador. Recently, an incredibly rare toad was spotted there — the first Ecuadorian sighting since its discovery in 1984.
In 1984, researchers first found the Carchi Andes Toad (Rhaebo colomai) in northwest Ecuador. For 20 years, the species went unseen. Then, in 2005, researchers identified a small population in Colombia and confirmed the species' continued existence. But this August, researchers in Ecuador's Dracula Reserve recorded the first species sighting in Ecuador since the first discovery. Listed as Critically Endangered by IUCN, the Carchi Andes Toad is under threat from habitat loss and extinction looms. But this rediscovery provides a little hope for the rare and unique toad species.
"Over the last 20 years amphibians across the globe have suffered massive declines. Many species have been driven to the edge of extinction," said James Lewis, Rainforest Trust's Director of Conservation Programs.
Other than the Carchi Andes Toad, the Dracula Reserve is home to many other species, including the iconic "Dracula" orchids for which it is named. Rainforest Trust is working with local partner Fundacion EcoMinga to expand the reserve and provide more safe haven to these incredible endemic species.
According to the IUCN Red List, the Moustached Puffbird (Malacoptila mystacalis) is native to Colombia and Venezuela.
The bird was just seen in Ecuador for the first time, in Fundacion EcoMinga's Dracula Reserve. A group of ornithologists spotted not only one, but four puffbirds on the property, believed to be two mating pairs. Previously, the species' range map extended from northern Venezuela through western Colombia, near the border with Ecuador but not across it. So far, the Dracula Reserve — near the border with Colombia — is the only place in Ecuador with a Moustached Puffbird sighting.
Working with local partner Fundacion EcoMinga, Rainforest Trust supported the Dracula Reserve's creation and is currently supporting a 1,475- acre expansion of the reserve. The Dracula Reserve is home to many species, including the iconic "Dracula" orchids for which it is named.
This exciting discovery is further evidence of how much is still waiting to be discovered in the tropics and how much we still have to learn about the life histories of many species.
We're delighted to be partnering with EcoMinga to purchase additional key habitat in the region in order to expand the Dracula Reserve and are eager to learn if the puffbird–and any other surprise species–might be waiting to be discovered on these new properties.
Check out this video footage of the discovery!
Our first story in Rainforest Trust's climate change series focused on how tropical forests naturally sequester carbon dioxide, thereby helping to regulate a significant component of global climate change: the greenhouse gases in our atmosphere. However, when a tropical forest is damaged or destroyed by, e.g. logging or burning, the carbon stored in the soils and plants' above-ground mass is released back into the atmosphere, actually significantly contributing to our growing CO2 emissions problem.
Unfortunately, our global tropical forest coverage is drastically being reduced each year. Originally, six million square miles (3.84 billion acres) of tropical rainforests existed worldwide. Now, there are only 2.4 million square miles (1.536 billion acres). And, although tropical deforestation rates slowed in the 2000s compared to the rates in the 1990s, estimates show they are once again increasing this decade. According to the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), current tropical deforestation is occurring at a rate that is some 8.5 percent greater than it was in the 1990s. This equates to nearly 70,000 acres of rainforest lost every single day.
Deforestation and degradation of all the world's forests release immense quantities of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, second only to the burning of fossil fuels. Tropical deforestation alone accounts for approximately 15 percent of net global carbon emissions. This amounts to about the same carbon emissions as the entire global transportation sector (e.g. cars, trucks, ships, etc.), according to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change's (IPCC) Climate Change 2014: Mitigation of Climate Change report.
By preventing deforestation through the creation of protected areas, Rainforest Trust prevents carbon emissions and safeguards the planet's resilience to climate change. In all the projects Rainforest Trust has begun working on just since May 2016, initial estimates of above-ground carbon storage come to 669,371,577 metric tons. If released to the atmosphere, that would be equivalent to the carbon emissions of more than 142 million cars per year.
Therefore, halting deforestation and degradation can be an integral part of climate change mitigation.
"Tropical forest conservation and restoration could constitute half of the global warming solution, according to a recent peer reviewed commentary in Nature Climate Change," Rainforest Trust CEO Dr. Paul Salaman stated in his Guardian Editorial.
"Deforestation in the name of economic development has occurred routinely over many decades without regard to its devastating consequences. It is completely unsustainable for governments to continue to provide concessions, subsidies and tax breaks to business when logging, mining, fires, palm oil plantations, large scale commercial agriculture, cattle ranching and road construction continue to diminish the earth's finite, invaluable rainforests," Dr. Salaman said.
The bottom line is that when a forest is destroyed not only do we lose the potential to have carbon pulled out of the atmosphere for decades to come, but we also have once-stored carbon dioxide released back into the atmosphere. It is the proverbial loss-loss situation when it comes to mitigating climate change, among other important environmental protections.
The good news is that we are becoming more aware of the importance of protecting rainforests, resulting in more areas under protection today than ever before, thanks to efforts like ones carried out by Rainforest Trust and its partners. To date, we have purchased and protected more than 17 million acres, with plans to more than double that amount to 50 million acres by 2020 through the SAVES Challenge.
"The case for rainforest preservation – already overwhelmingly strong – can no longer be cast as a niche effort of conservationists and scientists; it needs to be everyone's concern. For those wishing to tackle our planet's greatest environmental challenge, there is no better place to begin than saving our tropical rainforests," Dr. Salaman concluded.