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Key Differences Between Ferrous and Non-Ferrous Metals
Published: August 26, 2019 | Last updated: January 31, 2022 03:46:15
In a nutshell, ferrous metals contain iron while non-ferrous metals do not. This minor difference, however, gives each type of metal distinct characteristics that lend them to different applications.
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Metals play an essential role in everyday life. From jewelry to building and bridge construction, metals are considered to be one of the most versatile construction materials available. However, most people are unaware that metals are available in two general classifications: ferrous and non-ferrous.
These two types of materials possess different compositions and properties that lend themselves to different applications.
In this article, we will outline the characteristics that distinguish ferrous from non-ferrous metals and describe how they are used in various applications.
The word ferrous derives from the Latin word "ferrum," which means iron. Ferrous metals are, therefore, those that consist mainly of iron (Fe). These metals may also contain one or more other alloying elements. The use of ferrous metals can be traced back to 1,200 BC, where the development of iron production ushered in the Iron Age.
The presence of iron gives these materials unique properties that are especially valuable in the construction industry. One of the most defining characteristics of ferrous metals is their superior tensile strength and ductility. (Learn more about these characteristics in An In-Depth Look at Tensile Strength.)
Carbon steel, for example, is one of the most popular ferrous metals and is a staple in the construction industry. The properties of this material make it ideal for constructing various structures such as buildings and bridges. Other ferrous metals are used in demanding applications where strength and durability are paramount, such as shipping containers, industrial piping, railroad tracks and automobiles.
While ferrous metals are renowned for their strength and ductility, the presence of iron makes them vulnerable to rusting when exposed to air and moisture. For this reason, some ferrous metals are alloyed with other elements to increase their corrosion resistance. Stainless steel, for example, is a ferrous alloy that exhibits resistance to corrosion due to the presence of chromium. (Discover more in the article Why is Stainless Steel Corrosion Resistant?)
In addition to carbon steel and stainless steel, this metal classification also consists of wrought iron, cast iron and alloy steel.
Non-ferrous metals, as their name implies, are metals that do not contain iron (ferrite). These types of materials have been in use since the Copper Age (around 5,000 BC), where copper was first used to make pottery and jewelry.
Modern uses of non-ferrous metals range from roofing and guttering to pipes and electrical components. Because these metals do not contain iron, they usually exhibit better corrosion resistance than their ferrous counterparts.
The lack of iron also gives them characteristics that make them suitable for applications where magnetic properties may be undesirable. Additionally, while non-ferrous metals do not possess the tensile strengths of ferrous metals, they are renowned for their ability to be easily shaped into various shapes, a property known as malleability.
Non-ferrous metals are generally more costly due to their scarcity. As a result, there is a booming industry for recycling scrap components to extract non-ferrous metals. Copper, for example, is the third most recycled metal in the world.
Some commonly used non-ferrous metals include aluminum, copper, zinc, lead, nickel and titanium. Precious and rare metals, such as gold, silver, platinum, mercury and tungsten are also considered to be non-ferrous.
While some of the critical differences between ferrous and non-ferrous metals were touched on earlier, here we will dive deeper into the properties that distinguish these two metals.
1. Magnetism
Iron is a naturally magnetic element, and therefore materials composed of iron will inherit its magnetic characteristics. Consequently, ferrous metals are magnetic, while non-ferrous metals are not. This property allows these two categories of metals to be easily identified and sorted.
Iron's magnetism is mainly due to its polar molecular construction. The electrons in its atomic ring are arranged in a non-symmetrical fashion. Therefore, when iron is in proximity to a magnetic field, the electrons are easily pulled to one side of the atom.
This property is mainly responsible for the attraction between ferrous metals and magnets. Non-ferrous metals, on the other hand, can only be attracted to a magnetic field if an electric field runs through them, causing their electrons to become polarized.
Explained another way, the electrons in an atom tend to act like tiny magnets (north and south pole). In non-ferrous metals, the electrons align themselves in pairs, whose "tiny magnets" point in opposite directions, causing them to cancel out each other's magnetic properties. In iron atoms, the magnetic poles of the electrons point in the same direction, giving them a net magnetic effect.
Because iron has intrinsic magnetic properties on a molecular level, its electrons can be easily aligned in the direction of the flow of a magnetic field. This, in turn, creates an attraction between the iron and the magnetic field.
The magnetic property of ferrous metals makes them ideal for motor and electrical applications.
2. Oxidation
Oxidation is the process where an atom loses electrons. Due to iron's polarity, it is likely to lose electrons to other polar molecules, such as water. This occurs at the anode, where iron reacts with water and oxygen to form hydrated iron (III) oxide, commonly known as rust.
Figure 1. Ferrous surface reacting with air and moisture to cause rusting and degradation.
Since non-ferrous metals do not contain iron, they do not rust in the same way as their ferrous counterparts. Non-ferrous metals such as copper, zinc and titanium react with water and oxygen to form oxide layers that adhere firmly to the surface of the metal and act as impervious barriers. (Learn how this process works in How Metallic Coatings Protect Metals from Corrosion.)
Unlike hydrated iron (III) oxide, which is weak and flaky, zinc oxide and copper oxide are durable and protect the underlying substrate from further corrosive processes. The corrosion-resistant nature of non-ferrous metals makes them ideal for use in highly corrosive environments. Copper pipes, for example, are commonly used to transport corrosive chemicals and sewage.
Figure 2. Zinc surface reacting with air and moisture to create a protective zinc carbonate layer.
It is important to note, however, that not all ferrous metals oxidize to develop rust. Stainless steel, for example, is alloyed with chromium, which allows it to generate a stable, protective chromium oxide layer.
3. Tensile Strength
Another feature that distinguishes ferrous from non-ferrous metals is their tensile strength. Ferrous metals, due to the presence of iron, usually have capacities that far surpass non-ferrous metals. Steel, for example, is considered to be one of the strongest construction materials. In addition to high tensile strength, steel possesses a high level of ductility, i.e., it is able to undergo significant deflections without undergoing permanent deformation.
While there are also some high-strength non-ferrous metals, few of these materials are capable of resisting the same forces as iron alloys. Additionally, while titanium has strength properties that are on par with steel, it is also significantly more expensive.
Therefore, titanium is not typically used as a building material. (Learn about the effects of corrosion on this non-ferrous metal in 5 Things to Know and Understand About Titanium Corrosion.)
Offset or Yield Strength
Ultimate Strength
Zinc (wrought)
Table 1. Tensile strengths of various metals. Notice how the majority of non-ferrous metals possess tensile strengths that are inferior to iron.
What We've Learned
Understanding the differences between ferrous and non-ferrous metals is essential for ensuring that the most appropriate material is used in the intended application.
While the presence of iron distinguishes these two types of metals, this seemingly minor variation gives ferrous and non-ferrous metals very distinctive properties and characteristics.
Ferrous Alloy
Malleability
Ferrous Sulfate
Electrochemical Reaction
Materials Selection Corrosion Scientific Properties Substances Corrosive Process Corrosive Substance Corrosive Substance Characteristic Metallic and Ceramic Coatings Corrosion Prevention Substance Corrosion Prevention Substance Characteristics Physical Property Metals Chemical Compound Element
Effect of Corrosion on a Material's Tensile Strength and Ductility
5 Things to Know and Understand About Titanium Corrosion
What is the difference between strength and toughness?


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The Road to Impeachment: Trump Calls Pelosi's Bluff
(Photo Courtesy of Gage Skidmore, US Coast Guard)
The Mueller Report concluded that there were no grounds to indict President Trump. There were no grounds related to the so-called Russian Collusion allegation or any other allegation that was included in the Special Counsel's investigation. So what to do? What to do??
The Democrats needed another avenue to frustrate the President and to find a potential "high crime or misdemeanor" to try to impeach him. And that's where the phone conversation between Trump and the Ukrainian president came in. Democrats expected this to have great potential to blow out of proportion, as they like to do, but what they didn't expect was for Trump to release the unredacted transcript of that conversation.
The transcript showed that Trump never engaged in any incriminating conservation and breached no unlawful or inappropriate topic with the new Ukrainian president, Volodymyr Zelensky. [Refer to this interview with Legal Analyst and best-selling author, Gregg Jarrett where he explains the Joe Biden and Hunter Biden situation regarding the Ukraine. https://twitter.com/realDonaldTrump/status/1180521871223246848/video/1 ]
All one needs to know about that conservation is this: President Trump has every right and full authority to ask a foreign government if there has been any corruption or illegality by officials of the United States. In the conversation, that is all Trump refers to. He did not phrase the question in terms of "quid-pro-quo" action, meaning that if the Ukrainians didn't comply, the United States would retaliate in some way, nor did he promise something in return if the Ukraine provided evidence. That would be government coercion. Quid-pro-quo action is what Vice President Biden engaged in during the Obama years with the Ukraine.
Despite the unredacted transcript, House Democrats have had the audacity to accuse the White House of providing a transcript that doesn't honestly reflect what the national leaders talked about. As always, they think they know better (yet at every step, they have not).
On Tuesday, September 24, Speaker Nancy Pelosi announced the House would launch a formal impeachment INQUIRY into President Trump. Adding to our absolute frustration with Congressional Democrats, Pelosi announced last week that the House would yet again be neglecting its actual constitutional obligation to legislate and take care of the country's problems in order to continue to investigate President Trump. She said a number of committees have been tasked with gathering "facts" and "evidence" in order to build a case. What she didn't announce was a VOTE on impeachment. In other words…. Democrats intend to engage in yet another fishing expedition. We can interpret this as affirming that there still is no grounds for impeachment, but maybe, if the House investigates enough, if enough people lie and leak privileged information that can be misconstrued, if every aspect of Trump's life is examined under a microscope, there may ultimately be grounds to move forward on articles of impeachment.
How this will play out is just beginning to unfold. Here were the possibilities:
(i) The House could find nothing and close the investigation.
(ii) The House could investigate in perpetuity effectively tying up the legislative calendar for the remainder of the year.
(iii) The House could move forward and hold a vote to impeach the president.
(iv) The White House could refuse to comply to the subpoenas and other requests for information UNTIL Nancy Pelosi first holds a vote on impeachment.
Trump decided to go with option #4.
The Trump Administration is not easily tricked, it knows the evil games that Democrats play, and it has no intention of complying with their fishing expedition. The White House is taking the position that it does not have to treat the House subpoenas or other requests for information as having the force or weight of impeachment law. In other words, he cannot be forced to comply. And so, yesterday afternoon, the White House sent a letter to House Speaker Pelosi calling her bluff on impeachment. The letter made it clear that it will refuse to comply with witness or document requests until a full House VOTE is taken and impeachment is officially underway, thwarting their witch hunt – the tactic used by Democrats since Trump announced he was running for the presidency. Pelosi, on the other hand, believes she does not need a vote to begin the process, as she has stated. The reality is that she is using the "inquiry" approach to avoid an actual vote in order to protect approximately a dozen Democratic House members who believe they will lose reelection if they vote to impeach President Trump.
As we are all too well aware, the effort to impeach President Trump began even before he was inaugurated on January 20. 2017. It began, on one front, with Senators Elizabeth Warren, Dick Durbin, and others attempting to tie the president's business ventures to a violation of existing law and elevating that violation to a "high crime or misdemeanor" under the impeachment clause of the U.S. Constitution, at the same time the FBI's "insurance policy" was being advanced. In fact, the first articles of impeachment were drafted in 2017, just months after President Trump took office. And Democrats have been beating that tired drum ever since. Their methods are just becoming more desperate and insane.
Impeachment in the United States, as we all know, is the process by which the lower house of a legislature brings charges against a civil officer of government for crimes alleged to have been committed, analogous to the bringing of an indictment by a grand jury. At the federal level, the Constitution gives the powers of impeachment and conviction to Congress: The President, Vice President and all civil Officers of the United States, shall be removed from Office on Impeachment for, and Conviction of, Treason, Bribery, or other high Crimes and Misdemeanors." Each house of Congress plays a part.
The House of Representatives is the chamber tasked with bringing articles of impeachment against the president (or other official). Article I, Section 2, clause 5 reads: "The House of Representatives shall have the sole Power of Impeachment." A president is "impeached" by the House by a simple majority vote (51%), but he still remains in office.
The next step is removal, which is at the sole discretion of the Senate. Article I, Section 3, clauses 6 provides: "The Senate shall have the sole Power to try all Impeachments. When sitting for that Purpose, they shall be on Oath or Affirmation. When the President of the United States is tried, the Chief Justice shall preside: And no Person shall be convicted without the Concurrence of two-thirds of the Members present."
In short, impeachment is a political process controlled by Congress, and is a tool to punish wrongdoing as defined by the constitution, not to settle policy disputes. Political hatred is not included in "high crimes and misdemeanors" and if Democrats decide to go that route, God help our country moving forward. Using this standard, political parties would be able to execute an internal government coup whenever their hatred level rises high enough.
Former federal prosecutor Andy McCarthy explains why Pelosi's current impeachment gamble, which has given the Trump campaign an extra $15 million in just a few days, isn't impeachment at all:
"The House has not voted as a body to authorize an impeachment inquiry. What we have are partisan theatrics, proceeding under the ipse dixit of Speaker Nancy Pelosi (D-Calif.). It raises the profile, but not the legitimacy, of the same "impeachment inquiry" House Judiciary Committee Chairman Jerry Nadler (D-N.Y.) previously tried to abracadabra into being without a committee vote.
Moreover, there are no subpoenas. As Secretary Pompeo observed in his fittingly tart response on Tuesday, what committee chairmen Nadler issued was merely a letter. Its huffing and puffing notwithstanding, the letter is nothing more than an informal request for voluntary cooperation. Legally, it has no compulsive power. If anything, it is rife with legal deficiencies.
The Democrats, of course, hope you don't notice that the House is not conducting a formal impeachment inquiry. They are using the guise of frenetic activity by several standing committees — Intelligence, Judiciary, Foreign Affairs, Oversight and Reform, Financial Services, and Ways and Means — whose normal oversight functions are being gussied up to look like serious impeachment business."
Taking the position that the White House has taken (calling Pelosi's bluff on impeachment) will likely have the following effects:
1). Speaker Pelosi and House Democrats will challenge the Trump Administration in court to compel them to comply with the impeachment inquiry (Good luck Democrats once it gets to the Supreme Court!!), and
2). The first stage of the impeachment process will drag out over a longer period of time (making it more likely that Trump will be re-elected and Democrats will lose seats in Congress).
Regarding the first, this will cause our government to enter largely untested legal waters. Speaker Pelosi will attempt to use the legal process to threaten Administration officials to comply with her requests or risk their own legal problems, and she will threaten to add "Non-Compliance" or "Obstruction" along with her list of impeachment charges against President Trump. As hinted above, conservatives should be consoled should any constitutional questions need to be addressed by the Supreme Court.
Regarding the second, House Pelosi and Democratic Leadership have desperately tried to avoid entering into an impeachment fight because of Trump's popularity and the public's overall approval and support of his policy initiatives. They approve of the direction he is taking our country and they feel the positive effects of his policies. There are several House Democrats know it will be political suicide to try to impeach such a popular president.
At this initial phase of this impeachment battle, the extreme partisanship of House Democrats and their vitriolic rhetoric against the president would suggest that the House will likely proceed with filing articles of impeachment against Trump. They actually may be forced to do so by the position taken by the White House. Without compliance by the White House regarding subpoenas and requests for information, the House will have a hard time making an actual case for impeachment. The Ukrainian phone call is turning out to be another disaster for them. But, if Pelosi decides to call for a vote, if Democrats vote as a block, and if Democrats are not afraid to face their voters to explain their vote, impeachment will be successful. With a full membership of the House and having a majority, 218 Democratic "YES" votes will impeach President Trump.
What can we expect from the Senate after a House Vote?
If the House does happen to vote to impeach President Trump, the Senate would have no choice but to take up the issue of removal. Senator Majority Leader Mitch McConnell admitted as such. The Senate rule on impeachment requires the Senate to receive the House managers of impeachment, provide the opportunity for the managers to reveal the articles of impeachment on the Senate floor, and begin the trial no later than one o'clock in the afternoon of the following day.
Normally, the Vice President of the United States, as President of the Senate, presides over Senate business, but in order to avoid a conflict of interest, the Constitution directs "When the President of the United States is tried, the Chief Justice shall preside." In the case of President Trump being impeached, Chief Justice of the Supreme Court John Roberts would preside over the trial, maintaining order and ensuring Senate rules are followed.
However, while Leader McConnell is correct that the Senate must consider the articles of impeachment, there are several different possibilities for how the Senate could deal with the impeachment of the president:
(1) The Senate could begin the trial and in short order move to dismiss the articles of impeachment.
(2) They could also entertain a motion to send the articles and the trial to a committee of the Senate.
(3) They can dismiss some articles (if the House makes more than one accusation against the president) and hold a trial on the other articles.
(4) They could also have a full blown trial on the Senate floor at which President Trump's defense attorneys would be able to present and examine evidence, to call and cross-examine witnesses, and to deliver opening and final arguments.
Once the trial takes place, the Senate would likely debate in executive (or closed) session followed by a vote in open session as to whether or not to convict Trump. In order for the president to be convicted of the accusations contained in the articles of impeachment, two-thirds of senators present and voting must vote "YES." A conviction is required to remove the president from office. The Senate may then vote to bar the president from holding federal office again.
Impeachment is perhaps the most serious exercise that our representative government can undertake. The purpose is to remove an unfit president from continuing in office where his seriously flawed judgement and dishonest intuition will have the chance to prejudice the country. It recognizes the fundamental code in our country that no one is above the law, including the President of the United States. The cavalier manner in which Speaker Pelosi is beginning this process exposes the worst kind of partisan politics. She has been mentally, emotionally, and psychologically compromised by her hatred of President Trump. Her hatred and her absolute desire to rally the Democratic Party behind an effort to unseat the man that is doing to most to hurt her party has her hijacking the power of her office and her position for purposes not allowed by the Constitution, nor contemplated by it. Again, political hatred does not come under the purview of "high crimes and misdemeanors," which is the historic and constitutional threshold for impeachment. Presidents Nixon and Clinton faced an impeachment inquiry only after a vote by the House. Speaker Pelosi is buckling under the pressure of left-wing activists to impeach President Trump while violating the proper process to do so in order to protect Democratic members who may lose re-election if they vote on impeachment.
If you listen to the mainstream news or do a google search (which of course, will take you to a progressive/liberal site rather than any conservative ones), you will hear crazy talk like "Polls show more Americans are in favor of impeachment" and "More compelling evidence against President Trump." None of these stories is true. The truth is that Democrats are suffering from Trump Derangement Syndrome which is causing them to ignore the Constitution, to ignore the will of the people at the ballot box in 2016, and to ignore proper codes of conduct and to persecute and harass the President every chance they get (or to manufacture a reason to do so).
I wish the Supreme Court would issue a "cease and desist" order to House Democrats, instructing them to stop harassing President Trump and ordering them BACK TO WORK !!
All the facts in this impeachment reveal a purely partisan attempt to overturn the will of the American people and to remove from office a man who won a historic victory at the ballot box. The victory was not simply to put him in office but it was a message rejecting Hillary Clinton and the Democratic pollical machine. The incessant investigations, allegations, and calls for impeachment are merely illegitimate attempts (ie, a coup) to overturn the election of President Trump in 2016.
But the American people are not without a role in the righteousness of the impeachment or the injustice of the impeachment. The American people have the opportunity to weigh in at the ballot box regarding their views of the impeachment. If the impeachment was clearly justified, the party responsible for bringing the articles of impeachment and for removing the dishonorable president will be rewarded with more seats in Congress. On the other hand, if a particular political party misused or abused its impeachment power, that party will suffer at election time. For example, after impeaching President Clinton, congressional Republicans faced backlash and lost seats in the subsequent election. The overwhelming majority of Americans had no idea of the actual legal basis for his impeachment (for he committed an actual crime by knowingly lying under oath as a defendant in a lawsuit) but just knew that he was a popular president who seemed to be impeached for his inability to keep his little willie in his pants.
It will be up to us, and those of us who appreciate Donald Trump and who are sickened by the actions of the Democratic Party, to push back against this evil myoptic political party and to make sure their numbers and their voice in government is minimized. We must make it abundantly clear that it is NOT acceptable to ignore one's constitutional obligations and oath to office and instead to co-opt the powers of the federal government for the singular purpose of advancing the interests and power of a political party.
"Oppose Impeachment," Heritage Action. Referenced at: https://heritageaction.com/toolkit/oppose-impeachment?utm_source=heritageaction&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=newsletter_10-05-2019&mkt_tok=eyJpIjoiWVRneFl6bGtaR1ptTW1ObCIsInQiOiJFYzNUM1wvODhGeHJ2N2NpeGFZaTFmVTRYWFFyUWhBQ0FGVjNkOFFtVDVweTFDa3ZQQm1hK25rS1wvcTZOWnVZU0RsM3o0SFM5K2VIeVI2bXRnYmtBR05yVGVFVktUR2NEQWVSdGx0NStcL3cyQjVrZ1J3cTlJdGZzWnBQTVwvSE1tR2YifQ%3D%3D
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2 Responses to The Road to Impeachment: Trump Calls Pelosi's Bluff
rubiescorner says:
Thank you for this article. I read every word.
Please keep writing.

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You are in…: Home > Tourism > Art and culture
Monuments, churches, archaeological sites, medieval views and dwellings, ancient shrines and hermitages, music, costumes, traditional dances, sculptures, paintings, literature, folklore…everything is art and culture in the province of Middle Campidano. The whole Province is like a small world with many faces, expressing the thousand nuances of an ancient civilization with a strong identity. The endless charms of a timeless land compose a significant heritage of little and big treasures to find out and enjoy.
Arbus, mine and borough of Ingurtosu
Between 1880 and 1900 the hamlet of Ingurtosu, now almost uninhabited, was one of the most populated mining centres of the area. It rose in the second half of 1800, when a number of workmen's small houses were built around the earlier mining sites and the 'Maria Teresa' shaft building, later used as a post office...
Arbus, tuna-fishing factory of Flumentorgiu
In the marine resort of Flumentorgiu, between the mouth of the streams Murtas and Schiamone, stands one of the most significant tuna-fishing factories of Sardinia. Built and activated around 1600, it was managed by different contractors. The insignia of the tuna-fishing station depicts a lion with a thick mane keeping a cross in its forelegs...
Gonnosfanadiga, mine of 'Perda 'e Pibera'
Built in the territory of Gonnosfanadiga in the first half of 1800, the mine was recognized as the major Sardinian ore of molybdenite, a most rare sulphur. During last century's '30s, modern works and a few edifices were built, including the mine director's residence and some houses meant for the workers...
Guspini-Arbus, mine and hamlet of Montevecchio
The history of the mine of Montevecchio dates back to an ancient past, as the ruins found in the locality of Sciria, near a cropping-out lode, even refer to the pre-Nuragic age. Despite of that, the earliest document confirming the mining activity in the area dates back to 1628. It consists of an edict concerning the concession of Sardinian mines...
San Gavino Monreale, the foundry
The foundry (San Gavino Monreale) was built during last century's early Thirties. It was raised near the old private railway, built by the Montevecchio company in order to transport minerals to San Gavino and, from there, to the port of Cagliari...
San Gavino Monreale, the railway station
On 15th March, 1881, a solemn ceremony took place to inaugurate the railway line connecting Cagliari to Chilivani and, on the same day, the first train passed through San Gavino. The presence of the railway station played a significant role in the growth and development of the centre...
Villacidro, mine of 'Canale Serci'
The mine of 'Canale Serci' has left a number of vestiges of edifices and structures: the works, miners' houses and directorate building. This latter has been restructured and is now used to host the offices of the Forestry Authority of Sardinia...
Villacidro, the wash-house
At the heart of the village, the ancient quarter called Frontera de sa Mitza hosts a wash-house of 1893, in Art Nouveau style, built for women to wash their laundry in a sheltered place. Consisting of more than thirty washing troughs in black trachyte of Serrenti, it is covered by an elegant and ample pavilion in iron and cast iron...


There are so many types of air purifiers on the market. In order to understand which is best for your family, it's really important to go over all your options.
Pros: HEPA stands for High-Efficiency Particulate Air. These filters meet the Department of Energy requirements for the removal of about 99% of the particulates from the air. These air particulates have to be at least 0.3 microns or larger to capture. If you are wanting to remove mold spores, flame retardants, dust pollen, bacteria or pet dander, this may be a good option. But the one thing they may not be able to capture is viruses, which are smaller than bacteria.
Cons: HEPA may not be able to trap gases, fumes or other chemicals and odors. It also has problems capturing viruses. In order to trap all those things, you'll need a disinfecting filtration system instead.
Pros: Activated carbon is also known as activated charcoal. The charcoal binds with certain toxins and pulls them out of the air. It's very effective at absorbing gases and fumes like formaldehyde, nitrogen dioxide, and other such VOCs from the air. It's also very effective in removing odors from the air.
Cons: Activated carbon doesn't have the abilty to remove particles or germs from the air inside your home. In order to do this, you'll need some sort of combo machine.
Pros: UV filters have the ability to kill bacteria and viruses.These filters kill bacteria and viruses using UV lights.
Cons: UV filters do not have the ability to filter out large particles like a HEPA or gases and chemicals like formaldehyde like an activated carbon filter does.
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Pros: These use electrostatic plates as their primary means of filtration, and but utilize Ozone to remove odors and freshen the air.
Cons: They are actually very dangerous not only to humans but can kill small pets. Even the Environment Protection Agency says they are dangerous so I wouldn't recommend them for anyone.
Pros: This system is the most powerful one on the market. It is about 40x more efficient than HEPA technology and can handle the tiniest particles imaginable. It has the ability to eliminates 99.99% of all particles down to .007 microns in size, whereas HEPA filters capture 99.97% down to 0.3 microns in size. It also has the ability to capture ultrafine particles like viruses, molds, and bacterias that are airborne.
Cons: This system is pricey, but you get what you pay for.
After years of searching for an air purifier that was robust enough to help my family with severe pet allergens, I finally decided to make some a recommendation on a system that I feel is superior in quality and quiet enough for a home–The Intellipure Ultrafine 468 which is a disinfecting filtration system (DFS). And there is a personal story behind my decision that I think you'll enjoy. Months ago, Intellipure sent me a unit to test out and possibly reivew. At first, I didn't think much of it. I've tested out air purifiers and haven't written about them because they didn't help with my husband's extreme pet allergies. Anytime anyone who owns a pet enters my house, my husband can't breathe for days because they leave pet dander behind on the couch or in the rugs. He ends up having to take over the counter (OTC) allergy medication to be able to breathe. And to my husband, there is no such thing as a hypoallergenic pet because he reacts to the saliva which is on all pet dander. And that is no way to live because it seems like everyone has pets. It makes it challenging for us to have friends. When we go to someone's house with pets, the reactions are worse, but at least he can remove himself from the situation. So this basically means everytime we have friends over or go to other people's homes, he suffers for days. And because of this, we are a bit limited on where we can go and how often we can have people over.
This year, we got the Intellipure system about two days before my brother came over for Easter. My brother has a dog and every time he comes over, my poor husband suffers for days. But who can say no to family around the holidays, right? But this time things were different. My husband didn't react to the pet dander at all that day. And then in the days that followed, he still didn't react. Life was good. He could breathe. WHOA, this thing actually works…and works better than anything we've ever tried before. I was convinced this machine was worthy of a mention on Mamavation so it could help others, especially people with a chemical sensitivity or pet allergy.
Then after about a month of having the system, I was finally encouraged to do that kitchen remodel that I had been putting off forever. I was worried about the dust from the demolition getting into the air and becoming a problem for my sensitive husband and young children. I was also worried about the off-gassing from the chemicals used to primer and paint the cabinets. I kept putting things off longer and longer and longer until the appliances broke and I was out of options. So we started the kitchen remodel and I sent the kids off to their grandparents for a few days while the demolition was happening and primer & paint were being put on the cabinets. But I stayed home and held down the fort and had the Intellipure on full blast the entire time. Then one day I was working on the couch with the window open and I started to get a headache. I looked over and someone had turned off the Intellipure. So I ran over and turned it back on and my headache went away within about five minutes. (I'm so sensitive to scents that the off-gassing in office stores and fragrance counters gives me headaches. I dread getting into a Lyft or Uber when they have a synthetic air freshener or are wearing strong perfume.) But I knew the system was working exceptionally well when my headache cleared up in minutes. It seemed like a miracle. So not only was this thing a miracle for my husband, but for me as well.
Air purifiers aren't just for the uber-sensitive and allergic, Intellipure is something I would recommend for anyone. It's estimated that the average American is spending 90% of their time indoors. And with each breath, we are breathing in 45-75,000 particles of pollutants. That's a lot of pollutants. No wonder over 6.5 MILLION people die prematurely every year as a result of air pollution!
Recently, a study was published that estimated $340 BILLION each year was spent on health care expenses and loss of productivity due to endocrine disrupting chemicals. Most of the chemicals that were analyzed in this study problematic attach themselves to common dust. And when you breathe in that dust, you are getting doused with fire retardants, which are a VERY problematic endocrine-disrupting chemical that can affect your thyroid, cause cancer, bring down the IQ of children, etc. Having an Intellipure would be a really good tool to have in your home to protect your family from teenie tiny particles of fire retardants that have attached themselves to household dust.
And then, of course, the worse the air quality is outside your home, the worse it's going to be inside your home. Air is trapped inside with nowhere to go so it stays and gets stale. Outside pollutants get broken down by the sun and the wind and all the elements, but that's not happening inside your home. So if you are living by a freeway or inside a city that has polluted air, another reason to really consider picking one of these up. Curious what the air quality is like in your city? Click here to see in an interactive map that ranks your city and gives you a number based on historical trends and forecasts several days of air quality.
As you can see from the list above, the Intelliure has the ability to pick up all the airborne contaminants you may have concerns about. It removes 99.99 percent of harmful viruses, fungi molds and bacteria down to .007 micron in size. An ordinary HEPA filter only picks up 0.3 microns in size. This is by far the most efficient air purifier on the market today.
After reading up on the product, I discovered that it's actually 40x more efficient than the HEPA based filter we had in the house before. (That thing didn't help my husband with his pet allergies) and again can pick things as small as .007 microns in size. That's teeny tiny portions. It's also extremely quiet for a robust system.
Special Offer On The Intellipure Ultrafine 468 For Your Home!
The Intellipure Ultrafine 468 Air Purifier retails for $999 and is ready to work within seconds after assembly. But because you are part of the Mamavation community, Intellipure is offering a special discount of 10% off a machine by using the code "MAMAVATION" at checkout. I don't really have other recommendations of machines because no machine has had the ability to help my husband with his severe allergies…until now. If you are interested in cleaning up the air inside your home, I would highly recommend getting this unit. You'll notice a difference just like I did!
Would you like more tips on how you can improve the air inside your home? Join the Mamavation community today and get our FREE eBook "the Ultimate Guide to Cleaning Up Indoor Air In Your Home" as our free gift to you. And you can sign up by putting your name and email in the widget below.
Inside the eBook you'll discover what the eight steps are to getting the cleanest indoor air possible for your family. And you'll also get all our product recommendations on how to accomplish everything. Enjoy the clean air!
Since we`ve got an air purifier for home, we feel the difference in the air quality we breathe! Recommend everyone to get one!


Find Game Skylanders. Search Faster, Better & Smarter Here!
Browse Relevant Sites & Find Free Skylander Printables. All Here!
Check Out Skylanders Swap on eBay. Fill Your Cart With Color Today!
These coloring pages based on the hugely popular video game series Skylanders: Giants, played with toy figures, are loved by kids. Use these printable drawings as a memory building tool to make your toddler more observant.
Click the Skylanders Fire Bone Hot Dog coloring pages to view printable version or color it online (compatible with iPad and Android tablets).. You might also be interested in coloring pages from Skylanders category.
Free Printable Skylanders Coloring Pages: Bash From Skylanders Coloring Sheet: View And Print Full Size. Bash's only wish since childhood has been to fly. This rock dragon with a never-die spirit, tried to learn flying by curling into a ball and rolling on the ground.
The last thing I prepared was the treat bags, using treat bags in the clearance section, light up bouncy balls in Target's party supplies, a pack of skylander pins and 'coin shooters', free labels from the linked free print outs and some magic potions putty (which was definitely the most expensive item) they were complete!
Skylanders Party Guide PDF (Game ideas and printables) You can find even more Skylanders Party Inspiration on my Skylanders Party Pinboard . Do you have a Skylanders Party post you'd like me to share? Send me a link and I will add your Party . A Skylanders Party is a guaranteed good time for kids of all ages!


text:
Q: Trying to construct a SQL query trouble Hi all I´m having trouble with creating my desired output with an SQL query. I´m quite new to this and I´m trying to practice. The SQL query first builds the tables for handball matches.
How could I achive this output with a SQL query:
Winner       | GoalsFor | GoalsAgainst | Loser       | GroupID | Venue
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Austria      | 22       | 22           | South Korea | A       | South Korea
Cuba         | 22       | 22           | Norway      | B       | Norway
Cuba         | 22       | 22           | Norway      | D       | Norway
France       | 19       | 17           | Austria     | A       | Austria
France       | 19       | 17           | Cuba        | D       | Cuba
Iceland      | 23       | 19           | South Korea | A       | Iceland
Iceland      | 30       | 28           | Austria     | A       | Iceland
Iceland      | 37       | 18           | France      | A       | France
Norway       | 23       | 19           | France      | D       | Norway
Russia       | 23       | 19           | Norway      | D       | Russia
Russia       | 30       | 28           | Cuba        | D       | Russia
Russia       | 37       | 18           | France      | D       | France
South Korea  | 23       | 19           | France      | A       | South Korea

With this code:
 create table Teams (
    teamid int primary key,
    country varchar(30) unique not null,
    continent varchar(20) not null,
    strength int not null
)
go

create table Groups (
    groupid char(1) primary key,
    numteams int
)
go

create table GroupsTeams (
    groupid char(1) foreign key references Groups,
    teamid int foreign key references Teams,
    primary key (groupid, teamid)
)
go

create table Games (
   gameid int primary key identity,
   hometeam int not null foreign key references Teams,
   awayteam int not null foreign key references Teams,
   groupid char(1) not null foreign key references Groups,
   homescore int,
   awayscore int,
   unique (hometeam, awayteam, groupid)
)
go

insert into Teams values (1, 'Iceland', 'Europe', 1)
go
insert into Teams values (2, 'South Korea', 'Asia', 2)
go
insert into Teams values (3, 'Austria', 'Europe', 3)
go
insert into Teams values (4, 'France', 'Europe', 4)
go
insert into Teams values (5, 'U.S.', 'America', 5)
go
insert into Teams values (6, 'Norway', 'Europe', 6)
go
insert into Teams values (7, 'Cuba', 'America', 7)
go
insert into Teams values (8, 'Russia', 'Europe', 8)
go
insert into Teams values (9, 'Egypt', 'Africa', 9)
go

insert into Groups values ('A', 4)
go
insert into Groups values ('B', 4)
go
insert into Groups values ('C', 2)
go
insert into Groups values ('D', 2)
go

insert into GroupsTeams values ('A', 1)
go
insert into GroupsTeams values ('A', 2)
go
insert into GroupsTeams values ('A', 3)
go
insert into GroupsTeams values ('A', 4)
go
insert into GroupsTeams values ('B', 5)
go
insert into GroupsTeams values ('B', 6)
go
insert into GroupsTeams values ('B', 7)
go
insert into GroupsTeams values ('B', 8)
go
insert into GroupsTeams values ('C', 1)
go
insert into GroupsTeams values ('C', 3)
go
insert into GroupsTeams values ('D', 2)
go
insert into GroupsTeams values ('D', 4)
go

insert into Games values (1, 2, 'A', 23, 19)
go
insert into Games values (3, 4, 'A', 17, 19)
go
insert into Games values (1, 3, 'A', 30, 28)
go
insert into Games values (2, 4, 'A', 23, 19)
go
insert into Games values (4, 1, 'A', 18, 37)
go
insert into Games values (2, 3, 'A', 22, 22)
go
insert into Games values (8, 6, 'D', 23, 19)
go
insert into Games values (7, 4, 'D', 17, 19)
go
insert into Games values (8, 7, 'D', 30, 28)
go
insert into Games values (6, 4, 'D', 23, 19)
go
insert into Games values (4, 8, 'D', 18, 37)
go
insert into Games values (6, 7, 'D', 22, 22)
go
insert into Games values (6, 7, 'B', 22, 22)
go

A: You can use something like this, I included a value if there is a tie of the scores:
select
  case when g.homescore > g.awayscore
      then ht.country
      when g.awayscore > g.homescore
      then at.country
      else 'tie' end as winner,
  case when g.homescore > g.awayscore
      then g.homescore
      else  g.awayscore end as GoalsFor,
  case when g.homescore > g.awayscore
      then g.awayscore
      else  g.homescore end as GoalsAgainst,
  case when g.homescore > g.awayscore
      then at.country
      else  ht.country end as Loser,
  g.groupid,
  ht.country Venue
from games g
left join teams ht
  on g.hometeam = ht.teamid
left join teams at
  on g.awayteam = at.teamid
left join groups gp
  on g.groupid = gp.groupid
order by ht.country

See SQL Fiddle with Demo

A: http://sqlfiddle.com/#!3/4f5cf/8
select
    case
        when G.homescore > G.awayscore then T.country
        else T2.country
    end as Winner,
    case
        when G.homescore > G.awayscore then G.homescore
        else G.awayscore
    end as GoalsFor,
    case
        when G.homescore > G.awayscore then G.awayscore
        else G.homescore
    end as GoalsAgainst,
    case
        when G.homescore > G.awayscore then T2.country
        else T.country
    end as Loser,
    G.groupid as GroupID,
    T.country as Venue
from Teams as T
    inner join Games as G on G.hometeam = T.teamid
    inner join Teams as T2 on T2.teamid = G.awayteam
order by 1 asc

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


MINNEAPOLIS, Mn. (WDBJ) -- The Virginia Cavaliers have caught their breath following the thrilling semifinal win over Auburn.
Now only Texas Tech stands in the way of a national championship. It's a moment the Cavaliers have dreamed of for a long, long time.
"We'd love to cut down the nets, said junior guard Ty Jerome. "I would probably be speechless if we're able to do it. I'm sure it would mean the world to me. It's what every kid hopes for and what we work so hard for, but like Coach said, it's the joy of competition."
"Both teams have probably envisioned it. Every player and coach on every team has envisioned it, I'm sure but it's important to realize that you don't get to skip the game and cut down the nets," junior guard Kyle Guy said, We've got to focus on what's in front of us. Just focus on we're in for a battle and we're excited."
If the Wahoos can get it done tomorrow night, it would be the 17th national championship for the ACC.


text:
Q: What is the difference between dealloc and viewdidunload? When should I release all the memory I allocated in my program?
Because I only have a viewDidLoad method where I do my business.  Should I leave dealloc empty and cleanup only in viewDidUnload?

A: 'dealloc' is used when the object is ready to be freed (i.e., when retain count of the object becomes 0). And viewDidUnload is called when the view is unloaded, but it may not be freed immediately as the reference of the UIViewController is still stored by some other objects.
my personal preference is, for ojbects created by 'init', they are freed by 'dealloc', for objects created by 'viewDidLoad', they are freed by 'viewDidUnload'.

A: As the documentation of -viewDidUnload says:

It is called during low-memory
  conditions when the view controller
  needs to release its view and any
  objects associated with that view to
  free up memory. Because view
  controllers often store references to
  views and other view-related objects,
  you should use this method to
  relinquish ownership in those objects
  so that the memory for them can be
  reclaimed. You should do this only for
  objects that you can easily recreate
  later, either in your viewDidLoad
  method or from other parts of your
  application. You should not use this
  method to release user data or any
  other information that cannot be
  easily recreated.
Typically, a view controller stores
  references to objects using an outlet,
  which is a variable or property that
  includes the IBOutlet keyword and is
  configured using Interface Builder. A
  view controller may also store
  pointers to objects that it creates
  programmatically, such as in the
  viewDidLoad method. The preferred way
  to relinquish ownership of any object
  (including those in outlets) is to use
  the corresponding accessor method to
  set the value of the object to nil.
  However, if you do not have an
  accessor method for a given object,
  you may have to release the object
  explicitly.

There is no mention -viewDidUnload will call in -dealloc, you shouldn't rely on it.


Alexander Skorobogatko is a Russian transport magnate with an estimated net worth of $2.1 billion as of March 2013 according to Forbes. He is the 48th richest individual in Russia and is rated 704th in the record of World Billionaires. Skorobogatko began accumulating his estimated net worth of $2.1 billion as an elected deputy in the State Duma since 2002 and he was prohibited from joining any business venture. In December 2011, he was reelected for a third period to the Duma. Alongside his associate Alexander Ponomarenko, Skorobogatko founded the Russian General Bank in Moscow. It served the port business of Novorossiysk Commercial Sea Port, a firm they created after joining all the stevedoring firms at the port that they bought after the 1998 Russian financial disaster. They took the company public in 2007 which bought a $1 billion windfall for the associates. His partner sold 30% of their share in 2008 to the billionaire businessman Arkady Rotenberg who practices judo with Russian President Vladimir Putin. In January 2011, his partner sold a stake in Novorossiysk, Russia's largest stevedore firm, to state-owned Transneft and its own affiliate Summa Capital, and made $1 billion in gains. The partners joined Rotenberg in the summertime of 2012 as co founders of TPS Real Estate Holding Ltd. As a consequence, his partner bought over a half of the space in the largest shopping center in Kiev, Ocean Plaza, for $280 million.


text:
Home » Jet Aviation Opens New Hangar and FBO Facility in Palm Beach
Jet Aviation Opens New Hangar and FBO Facility in Palm Beach
Jet Aviatio's new hangar and FBO complex at Palm Beach International Airport has gone operational. The facility extension features a brand-new 11,270 sq. ft. FBO terminal, a 42,000 sq. ft. hangar and a near-65,000 sq. ft. ramp.
Jet Aviation says it is raising the bar with its new state-of-the-art FBO and hangar facility extension in West Palm Beach, Florida. Designed to accommodate the newer generation, large-body aircraft currently entering the market, the company's new 42,000 sq.ft. hangar has a hangar door clearance of 30 feet, a dedicated ramp area of 64,188 sq.ft. and approximately 10,000 sq.ft. of dedicated office and storage space.
The new West Palm Beach FBO facility is situated alongside a new Gulfstream maintenance facility with which it shares more than 9,000 sq. ft. of the passenger terminal on the 1st floor. With a commitment to sustainability and minimizing its environmental footprint, the facility features low flow water fixtures, a white roof and heat-reducing tarmac as well as local drought resistant plants. The complex further features 200,000 sq.ft. of shared tarmac space.
"These facilities are designed and equipped to meet the business-aviation needs of our global customer base," said David Best, SVP Regional Operations, America. "The additional space and hangarage can accommodate both larger aircraft and increasing demand. We continue to grow our facilities to match our customer needs and are pleased to have strong interest in the new hangar."
David Paddock, Jet Aviation president, adds, "This investme nt is the 5th new hangar we've opened in recent years and underscores our commitment to exceeding customer expectations by further strengthening our global facility network. I would like to take this opportunity to thank our parent company, General Dynamics, for their ongoing support of our business, particularly during these uncertain times."
Jet Aviation's Palm Beach FBO received outstanding reviews in the 2020 customer FBO surveys conducted by Aviation International News (AIN), Professional Pilot and Business Air News (BAN), notably ranking in the Top 5 percent category in AIN's PRASE survey while making Professional Pilot's Top 10 List.
In related news, Jet Aviation is currently constructing a new FBO and hangar terminal in Scottsdale, Arizona, slated for completion in early 2021, while working to replace its storm-damaged hangar in Houston, Texas.
BizJet
IS&S ThrustSense Autothrottle Adds STC for King Air G1000 Flight Decks and Continues Growth in the King Air Market
BizJetCommercialMilitary
AMADA WELD TECH Releases WM-200A Industry 4.0 Ready Networked Weld Monitor
Flexjet Graduates its first class of Airframe and Powerplant (A&P) Technicians from their FAA-Accepted Apprentice Program
BizJetCommercialGeneral AviationRotor
New Mechanic Figures Trending in Right Direction, But Major Workforce Shortage Still Looms, ATEC Pipeline Report Finds


text:
REASON TO USE
ABOUT TECH-NET
Toyota Repair Services and Maintenance in White Plains
DJ'S AUTO CLINIC NORTH > REPAIR SERVICES > IMPORT CARS & TRUCKS > TOYOTA
DJ's Auto Clinic North Pro Mechanics for Japanese cars, SUVs, and trucks
DJ's Auto Clinic North, located in White Plains, , 10603 has a team of well-trained, knowledgeable Toyota service and maintenance technicians who have years of experience working on Toyotas.
Toyota one of the largest automakers in the world. The Japanese automaker makes a wide variety of vehicles - from hybrids to sedans, SUVs and pickup trucks. Over its history, the automaker has produced several sports cars. It has also been a pioneer in hybrid technology through its Prius vehicle.
Toyota has built itself a reputation of being reliable, carving itself a lot of market share simply based on its cars' reliability. Problems that do arise, old and new, are often in appearance, with many issues relegated to interior fit and finish problems that arise over the life of the car. This depends on the model and year of the Toyota vehicle.
Toyota Vehicles Fixed At Affordable Prices
DJ's Auto Clinic North has a well-trained staff of Toyota service technicians who are ready to service any of your Toyota vehicle needs. We understand the hardships you face when you're without a vehicle, so we will quickly get your vehicle back on the road. DJ's Auto Clinic North prides itself on offering affordable repairs. Our friendly staff is waiting to service your Toyota vehicle. You can give us a call at 914-448-9437 or visit our service center.
Discover More About Toyota Repair Services At DJ's Auto Clinic North in White Plains
Saturn Repairs
Subaru Repairs
Volkswagen Repairs
Serving: White Plains, Armonk, Scarsdale, Tarrytown, Mount Kisco, Pleasantville, New Rochelle, Elmsford, Hartsdale


In 2018, 26 donors contributed a total of $209 million to the YHF, making it the largest CBPF in the world for a third consecutive year. Eight new donors (Colombia, France, Kuwait, Luxemburg, Montenegro, Portugal, Qatar, UAE) contributed to the Fund for the first time.
The Fund allocated $188 million to 112 humanitarian projects implemented by 53 partners through one Standard Allocation and three Reserve Allocations. This includes $97.7 million to NGOs (52 per cent of the total amount), of which half went to national NGOs ($49.3 million). The YHF provided the humanitarian community with the capacity to respond to emerging needs at any given time. In 2018, this was demonstrated through a Reserve Allocation to cover the gaps in clusters' preparedness activities and a Standard Allocation supporting clusters' first-line response.
Through its First Standard Allocation, the Fund is working to allocate approximately US$90 million to respond to the needs identified in the re-prioritized Humanitarian Response Plan (HRP) and to provide life-saving assistance to people in newly accessible areas and areas facing severe access constraints. In support of the critical role that national front-line partners play in the operation, a dedicated window for national NGOs was also established for this round.
Germany, the UK, Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, and the Netherlands were the largest donors to the YHF in 2018.
Real time updates can be found on CBPF Business Intelligence website.
Over the past year alone, over US$353.7 million in closely coordinated grants from the Central Emergency Response Fund (CERF) and the YHF helped the humanitarian community act quickly, maintain critical operations and ensure delivery of life-saving aid for millions of people.
With a more anticipatory approach based on forecasts and improved early warning, funding allocations have focused on ensuring early humanitarian action and delivery of a stronger collective response. For example, strategic allocations from the YHF helped partners to quickly scale up food support as soon as warning signs pointed to deepening food insecurity and CERF strengthened the overall response with key allocations for improved logistics, access, security, telecommunications and safe transportation of critical goods and humanitarian staff. In January 2019, the CERF Rapid Response Allocation granted $31.7m to WFP to scale up common services and bolster the overall response including logistics, UN Humanitarian Air Service and emergency telecommunications.
The HC, supported by OCHA and in close consultation with the Cluster Coordinators, will publish a narrative Annual Report of the YHF activities based on information provided through the HFU by each participating UN organisation and NGO partner. The Annual Report will feature trends, best practices, lessons learned and challenges, and showcase success stories and achievements. The YHF Annual Report is issued in April covering the previous calendar year and posted online. In addition, OCHA HFU will generate periodic dashboards, funding updates, human interest stories and related documents on YHF activities in Yemen.


text:
Elizabeth Anne Scherer (born June 4, 1976) is an American lawyer who has served as a judge in the Seventeenth Judicial Circuit Court of Florida since 2012.

She gained national attention in 2022 after being randomly assigned to preside over the trial of Nikolas Cruz, the perpetrator of the 2018 Stoneman Douglas High School shooting in Parkland, Florida, the deadliest high school shooting in United States history as of 2022.

Life and career
Scherer graduated from Florida State University with a B.A. in English and received a J.D. from the University of Miami School of Law. She is a daughter of William R. Scherer, a private attorney who was part of the legal team representing George W. Bush during the 2000 United States presidential election recount in Florida. Before being appointed as a judge by Governor Rick Scott in 2012, Scherer worked as a prosecutor under state attorney Michael Satz, who would later lead prosecution in the Cruz trial.

Parkland shooter trial
Judge Scherer had been relatively unknown outside of the Broward County until being assigned to preside over the high-profile case of the Parkland shooter, Nikolas Cruz. Her conduct in the case drew both praise and criticism. She permitted the jury to conduct a walk-through of the school building while also limiting the amount of information public defenders were allowed tell jurors regarding the failures of the federal government agencies in handling Cruz prior to the shooting. During the trial, Scherer engaged in heated exchanges with the defense attorneys, accusing them of turning the trial into a "playground" and disrespecting the court. Video footage of the trial was widely shared on social media.

She refused to step down after the defense had argued that the judge was biased toward their client and was prejudicing the jurors. Following the trial, the Florida Association of Criminal Defense Lawyers sent an official complaint to the Chief Judge of Broward County describing her attitude toward the defense as "hostile and demeaning treatment of defense counsel." Scherer, who was further criticized for sharing hugs with the prosecutors following the case, received support from the victims' families who in an open letter posted on Twitter said that the judge "conducted herself with patience, professionalism, restraint &, when it was all over, compassion."

References

American women lawyers
Murder trials
Mass shootings in the United States
Florida lawyers
1976 births
Living people

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
layout: default
title: Team
description: This is our team!
keywords: team, FRC, first
---

Team Members/Mentors

Brenden Geary-Team DB

Ryan Gosiaco-Best

Sean Gosiaco-Best

Conner Leonard-Best

Padrick Osborn-Best

Liam Austin-Best

Jake Scruggs-Best

UNKNOWN KID-Best

You can see all
 my sources here. I created this for my personal use, but if you'd like to use it, please feel free. Shout out daigo.org or @DaigoFuji are appreciated, but not required.

Ryan Gosiaco-Best

And out of the box, this supports

	font awesome, so you can go crazy with the icons:

	.

foundation-example.html shows how all the html tags are rendered. Foundation takes care of those out of the box.

Another example are shown in foundation-example.html.

And finally, foundation's grid system, page-template-example You can also get more templates from foundations home.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Flight 1L441 connects Tanana, United States to Fairbanks, United States, taking off from Ralph Calhoun Airport TAL and landing at Fairbanks International Airport FAI.
This flight can also be referenced as 1L0441, 1L 441.
1L441 Flight Delay Compensation up to 600€!


text:
Why The Crusade Against Planned Parenthood Will Affect…
As Republicans have been leading campaigns to close Planned Parenthood clinics, they've been leaving us without options to protect ourselves.
Texas Father Justified In Beating Alleged Child Molester…
via:christianpost A grand jury in Texas will have to decide if a father was justified in his attack…
Pasadena ISD Officer Under Investigation After Shooting Teen
Pasadena ISD Police and the city of Pasadena's police department remain at the scene of a shooting on a school…
Loved Ones, Police Search for Missing League City…
A League City family desperately searches for any sign of Scott Guseman. He was last seen leaving his home in…
Trayvon Martin Case Under Investigation By FBI
via:christianpost The FBI began a parallel investigation into the February death of 17-year-old Trayvon Martin on Monday.…
BREAKING: Feds Open Investigation Into Trayvon Martin Case
via: newsone.com Late Monday night, the U.S. Department of Justice announced that it will open an investigation into the murder…
Officers Honored For Role In Macedonia Church Of…
State police leaders recently honored a collective of state, local and federal investigators who worked on the Macedonia Church of…
Congrats! Kierra Sheard Gets Married [WEDDING PHOTOS]
Famous Members Of Sigma Gamma Rho Sorority, Inc.…


text:
بزابور, Bzabour, Idlib, Syria
One child was killed and seven civilians, including five children and one woman, were injured in alleged Russian or Syrian regime airstrikes on the town of Bzabour, Idlib governorate, on December 4th, 2019, according to local sources.
The director of the media office of the Civil Defence in Jericho said in a statement to Smart News Agency that a girl was killed and seven civilians were injured as a result of "as a result of Syrian regime helicopters dropping two explosive barrels on a house in the village of Bzabou".
According to the Syrian Network for Human Rights, the airstrike targeted a boys school and killed the girl Fatima Qutaiba al Aasi. The airstrike partially destroyed the school's building and damaging its furniture. Other sources say the airstrike targeted a family home.
The Syrian Civil Defence posted on Facebook that their teams had rescued seven civilians, including five children, from underneath the rubble.
Fatima Qutaiba al Aasi Child female killed
Strike status
Contested strike
(1 child)
Macro Media Center
@IdlibPlus
Syrian Civil Defence
Shaam News Agency
Aftermath of alleged Russian or Syrian regime airstrikes on the town of Bzabour, Idlib governorate, on December 4th, 2019 (via MMC on Facebook).
Syrian Civil Defence volunteer helping a child after alleged Russian or Syrian regime airstrikes on the town of Bzabour, Idlib governorate, on December 4th, 2019 (via @IdlibPlus).
Aftermath of alleged Russian or Syrian regime airstrikes on the town of Bzabour, Idlib governorate, on December 4th, 2019 (via Syrian Network for Human Rights).
Syrian Civil Defence volunteers rescuing children from underneath the rubble after an alleged Russian and/or Syrian regime airstrike on the town of Bzabour on December 4th, 2019 (via SCD on Facebook).


text:
Q: Dynamically update config in ASP.NET Core 5 application I have an application running on .NET 5. We have a configuration file which looks like this
{
   "Config1" : {
     "k1" : "v1",
     "k2" : "v2"
    ...........
   },
   "Config2" : {
     "k3" : "v3",
     "k4" : "v4"
   }
}

Using a singleton object to load the configuration as
services.Configure<Config1>(
                this.Configuration.GetSection(nameof(Config1)));
services.Configure<Config2>(
                this.Configuration.GetSection(nameof(Config2)));

And these objects are injected into calling function using constructor.
public claas C1
{
    public IOptionsMonitor<Config1>

    public C1(IOptionsMonitor<Config2> config2, IOptionsMonitor<Config1> config1)
    {
        this.config2 = config2;
        this.config1 = config1;
    }
}

Now we need to add a new configuration in the config file which should override some of the existing configs based on the payload from user.
So Config3 object will look like
"Config3" : {
  "userDefinedprop1" : {
     "Config2" : {
        "k4" : "v4"
     }
  },
  "userDefinedprop2" : {
     "Config1" : {
        "k1" : "v1"
     }
  }

}

I want to override some of the existing properties in config1 and config2 based on user input for each incoming request i.e during runtime. How should I approach this without breaking the existing functionality.

A: First of all, make sure you understand very well the Configuration Provider model used in ASP.NET Core. This Provider model allows you to add additional Providers to the "source of truth" for the application's Configuration, which is what your Options Models are bound to.
Normally you can add static data as an "in memory collection" using an existing provider:
builder.WebHost.ConfigureAppConfiguration(configuration =>
{
    configuration.AddInMemoryCollection(new Dictionary<string, string>() {
        { "key1", "value1" }, { "key2", "value2" },
    });
});

But obviously this will not be updateable nor respond to any changes. ASP.NET Core doesn't have a Provider that does this, so you will need to write your own and add it to the application's Configuration.
In order to send updates to the Provider, we'll need an interface that can be injected into our Controllers:
public interface IUserConfigurationSource
{
    void Set(string key, string value);
}

And then the Provider itself can use the existing ConfigurationProvider base class to build off of:
public class UserConfigurationSource : ConfigurationProvider, IConfigurationSource, IUserConfigurationSource
{
    IConfigurationProvider IConfigurationSource.Build(IConfigurationBuilder builder) => this;

    public override void Set(string key, string value)
    {
        base.Set(key, value);
        OnReload();
    }
}

a couple notes: IConfigurationSource is the interface required to add a Provider to the application. the ConfigurationProvider base class already has a Dictionary we can use to store data in and a "reload token" we can use to trigger update notifications. however we need to override the Set() method to trigger the reload token so consumers will be notified.
and finally register your new provider in 2 places. 1 - add it as a Singleton to dependency injection so it can be consumed in Controllers:
var userConfigurationSource = new UserConfigurationSource();
services.AddSingleton<IUserConfigurationSource>(userConfigurationSource);

2 - add the instance as a Configuration "Source" to the Configuration subsystem:
builder.WebHost.ConfigureAppConfiguration(configuration =>
{
    configuration.Add(userConfigurationSource);
});

Now you can inject IUserConfigurationSource into a Controller and update the data when the users change it:
public ActionResult Index(string count)
{
    _userConfigurationSource.Set("count", count);
    return View();
}

and your use of IOptionsMonitor will be able to access the updated values:
    config1.CurrentValue

however, note that if you have nested config keys, you'll need to use a colon (":") to list the full path of the config key in order for it to be bound to the Options correctly, so for your example config you might have:
    _userConfigurationSource.Set("Config3:userDefinedprop1:Config2:k4", "v4");

good luck!


NOTE: An individual who applies for public assistance is in most cases referred to us to open a case and is required to cooperate.
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You may apply online using the VIOLA app: Virtual Interactive Online Application . Once the application received by the LCSA, you will be contacted to continue with the process.
All offices are open Monday through Friday, from 8 am to 5 pm, including the lunch hour. Office are closed on major holidays.


Home » Android Games » Danger Dodgers!
Choose your character, dodge the meteors, and don\'t get squished!
+ Eclectic Cast of characters from across the world, and across the internets!
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+ Come back daily for gifts, challenges and new characters!
To Download Danger Dodgers! For PC,users need to install an Android Emulator like Xeplayer.With Xeplayer,you can Download Danger Dodgers! for PC version on your Windows 7,8,10 and Laptop.
4.Install Danger Dodgers! for PC.Now you can play Danger Dodgers! on PC.Have fun!


Beethoven, Ludwig van. Symphony Nr. 6 F-dur, Op. 68. Boca Raton, FL: E.F. Kalmus, n.d. Bassoon I part.
Chamber Orchestra of Europe. Nikolaus Harnoncourt, conductor. Beethoven: 9 Symphonies. Recorded July 1, 1990. Teldec 2292-46452-2. CD. 1991.
Chicago Symphony Orchestra. Fritz Reiner, conductor. Symphony No. 6 in F, Op. 68 "Pastorale"; Symphony No. 1 in C, Op. 21, by Ludwig van Beethoven. Recorded April 8 and May 8, 1961. RCA Victor Gold Seal 60002-2-RG. CD. 1990.
Cleveland Orchestra. Christoph von Dohnanyi, conductor. Beethoven: The Complete Symphonies; Leonore Overture No. 3, by Ludwig van Beethoven. Recorded 1986. Telarc CD-80200. CD. 1989.
The Hanover Band. Roy Goodman, conductor. Beethoven: Symphonies 1-9. Recorded 1987. Nimbus Records NI 5144/8. CD. 1988.
London Classical Players. Roger Norrington, conductor. Beethoven: 9 Symphonies. Recorded 1988. EMI Records CDC 7 49746 2. CD. 1989.
London Symphony Orchestra. Josef Krips, conductor. Symphony No. 5; Symphony No. 6 (Pastoral), by Ludwig van Beethoven. Bescol CD 511. CD. 199-.
Wiener Philharmoniker. Simon Rattle, conductor. Beethoven: Symphonies. Recorded April-May 2002. EMI Classics 7243 5 57445 2 4. CD. 2003.


We have discussed Azure ExpressRoute via Equinix Cloud Exchange on my previous blog. Equinix Cloud Exchange (ECX) also provides AWS Direct Connect connectivity which means you can share the same physical link (1GBps or 10GBps) between Azure and AWS! ECX also provides connectivity service to AWS for connection speed less than 1GBps. AWS Direct Connect provides dedicated, private connectivity between your WAN or datacenter and AWS services such as AWS Virtual Private Cloud (VPC) and AWS Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2).
Private: the circuit is isolated using industry-standard VLANs – the traffic never traverses the public Internet when connecting to Azure VNETs and, when using the public peer, even Azure services with public endpoints such as Storage and Azure SQL Database.
Reliable: Microsoft's portion of ExpressRoute is covered by an SLA of 99.9%. Equinix Cloud Exchange (ECX) provides an SLA of 99.999% when redundancy is configured using an active – active router configuration.


A Palm Beach Gardens high school teacher who needed to ask for sick time twice over the last year-once to fight cancer, the other was to recover from a heart attack-is finally going back into the classroom next week.
PALM BEACH GARDENS, Fla. — A Palm Beach Gardens high school teacher who needed to ask for sick time twice over the last year -- once to fight cancer and the other to recover from a heart attack -- is finally going back into the classroom next week.
Music, as Robert Goodman would say, is how he communes with the universe. He's played it his whole life. It's that spiritualness helped guide him through a cancer battle, a heart attack, and love.
"I learned a great lesson that you should never be afraid to ask for help. Help is that other component of love," Robert told us in an exclusive interview in his West Palm Beach home.
Fellow teachers, like Dawn McKeich, didn't even know Robert before he asked for donated sick time.
"We just learn how much teachers work together and how we have to help each other out," she said in an interview. She teaches kindergarten at Timber Trace Elementary, also in Palm Beach Gardens.
"Without the help I received, I would have lost everything I ever worked for in my life," Robert said.
Robert's last day in the classroom was April 17 last year. He had enough sick days donated to get him to a place physically, where he can return next week.
Life in that time sped up but also slowed down. He was closer to death than he's ever been, but he focused more on making each day meaningful.
"We only live now. This is our moment. This second right now, we're sharing our lives right now and when you're doing that you need to be mindful of it to really be present in it in order to experience what you need to experience, otherwise, what's the point?" he told us.
He's nervous to get back into the classroom, but he also realized in this journey, his students really never stopped learning from him.
"Kids are like trees without fruit and we may never see the fruit the fruit that bears from these children, but I know based on how many people have reached out to me, that there's a lot of fruit out there that's doing some good things," he said.
During our exclusive interview, Robert wearing blue, that's for colon cancer awareness. He will continue to share his story in hopes more people get colonoscopies. He will also continue to play his music and push for universal healthcare.
On Monday next week, Robert will be back in his classroom, No. 4308. That's a teacher workday. On Tuesday, his students are back, and he will be teaching world history.


Hand-made from Eau Claire, Wisconsin. Becki's Olive Salsa's are made from a unique blend of zesty Sicilian style green olives, ripe olives, loads of healthy freshly chopped vegetables, and Italian herbs, in a delicious Mediterranean olive oil marinade.
This little 'hottie' combines Olive Salsa with the mild bite of jalapeno and crushed red chilies.
It's simply Becki's Olive Salsa Cream Cheese with a sassy kick.
A unique blend of zesty Sicilian style green olives, rich flavorful ripe olives, loads of healthy freshly chopped vegetables, and Italian herbs, in a delicious Mediterranean olive oil marinade.
All the great flavors of Becki's Olive Salsa in a satisfying creamy spread. It's every party's favorite dip for crackers, breads or veggies. This version pairs beautifully with deli meats to create a delicious sandwich or wrap.


text:
Miami Dolphins announce team award winners for the 2022 NFL Season
Who was the Miami Dolphins most valuable player in 2022?
By Josh Houtz@houtz Jan 9, 2023, 5:02pm EST
Share All sharing options for: Miami Dolphins announce team award winners for the 2022 NFL Season
Photo by Megan Briggs/Getty Images
With Week 18 of the NFL regular season officially over, the Miami Dolphins announced their 2022 team award winners on Monday afternoon. Wide receiver Tyreek Hill, quarterback Tua Tagovailoa, fullback Alec Ingold, and defensive end Emmanuel Ogbah we're all recognized by the players and media for their outstanding performances this year.
Introducing your 2⃣0⃣2⃣2⃣ team award winners ✨
As voted on by the South Florida media, @cheetah is this year's Dan Marino Most Valuable Player pic.twitter.com/wyOIBljmfe
— Miami Dolphins (@MiamiDolphins) January 9, 2023
The Dan Marino Most Valuable Player Award
Wide Receiver, Tyreek Hill
Hill had a record-setting season with the Miami Dolphins, breaking the franchise record for receptions (119) and receiving yards (1,710) in his first season with the team. Both of those numbers were career bests. In addition, Hill was named to his seventh consecutive Pro Bowl earlier this season.
Some may argue that Tua Tagovailoa is the team's most valuable player — as the team has struggled to win games in his absence. But according to the media — and many fans — no player was more valuable to the Dolphins' success in 2022 than Hill.
(This award is voted on by the South Florida Media)
The Don Shula Leadership Award
Quarterback, Tua Tagovailoa
Tua Tagovailoa was among the league's best in several statistical categories when healthy. However, what was most impressive this season was Tagovailoa's leadership — both on and off the field. In his first year as Dolphins' captain, Tagovailoa became the youngest player to lead the league in passer rating since Dan Marino did it in 1984.
Here are some of the other statistical categories Tagovailoa led the league in. #ThatsMyQuarterback
(This award is voted on by the players)
Tua Tagovailoa final ranks this season
Pass Rating 105.5 1st
Pass TD/Att 6.3% t-1st
Yards/Att 8.87 1st
Yards/Comp 13.70 1st pic.twitter.com/kwKUIMqing
— NFL on CBS (@NFLonCBS) January 9, 2023
The Ed Block Courage Award
Fullback, Alec Ingold
After suffering a devastating knee injury in week 10 of the 2021 NFL season, Ingold rebuilt himself this offseason, proving once again why he is one of the best fullbacks in all of football. Ingold appeared in all 17 games with the Dolphins — playing with a cast on his arm in recent weeks. He is the epitome of hard work and determination.
(This award is voted on by the Miami Dolphins training staff.)
The Nat Moore Community Service Award
Defensive End, Emmanuel Ogbah
Emmanuel Ogbah received the Nat Moore Community award for his hard work in the community. Here's what the official Miami Dolphins press release had to say about Ogbah — and the rest of the award recipients.
A regular presence at Boys & Girls Clubs around South Florida, Ogbah is found on his off days visiting multiple club locations to spend time with the students. He hosted a Thanksgiving meal distribution with Feeding South Florida and provided holiday gifts for 50 Boys & Girls Club children. Quick to respond to those in need, Ogbah didn't hesitate to donate to provide relief supplies for those affected by Hurricane Ian and also surprised a Boys & Girls Club family with rent assistance for the holidays. This award was named after former Dolphins player and Honor Roll member Nat Moore in 1987, who spent 13 seasons in a Dolphins uniform and made an equally profound impact off the field, which he continues to this day as a senior vice president for the team.
(This award is given to a player recognized for his involvement in the community.)
What are your thoughts on the Miami Dolphins 2022 Team Award Winners? Do you agree that Tyreek Hill is the team's Most Valuable Player? What about Tua Tagovailoa's leadership award? Let us know in the comments section below!
Much Of The Phinsider Faithful Remain On The Same Page With Who They Would Like To See Gone (mostly)
Who's Your Choice At Backup QB For 2023?


text:
Section is derived from subdivision (2) of the above-cited ordinances. The remainder of such ordinances are carried into the other sections of this chapter.
Changes were made in form and phraseology. 83. Tax on inheritances to distant relatives and strangers
A tax of 14% is hereby imposed on inheritances exceeding $100 which fall to persons other than those mentioned in sections 1 and 2 of this title.
HISTORY Revision note : Based on Ord. Mun. C. St. T. and St. J. app. July 16, 1952 (Bill no. 154), eff. July 1, 1952; and Ord Mun. C. St. C. app. June 30, 1952 (Bill no. 52), eff. July 1, 1952.
Section is derived from subdivision (3), of the above-cited ordinances. The remainder of such ordinances are carried into the other sections of this chapter. Changes were made in form and phraseology.
Senator ALLOTT. I think that is all on this point, Mr. Chairman. I just simply wanted to make the point that I do believe that this growth in bank resources is not the result of the establishment of new bank loans, but rather because of the very favorable tax treatment that the Virgin Islands offers. Mr. PAIEWONSKY. May I answer that? Senator ALLOTT. Yes.
Mr. PAIEWONSKY. I think that the growth of the banks was due to several factors. I think the major factor that was involved was that the merchants of the islands realized that there were several charges that they had to pay to the one then existing bank. In other words, if you came into the Virgin Islands with a check from your bank in the United States, the merchant would have to pay a discount to the bank of a quarter of 1 percent. And then, when his merchandise came in from the States, he would have to buy a draft from the bank and pay them a quarter of 1 percent.
So the merchants, since most of their money and checks from the United States, American Express checks or private checks drawn on mainland banks, would keep accounts in the mainland, and these accounts, I think, amounted to between $5 and $6 million. We made a survey and found that was so.
Senator ALLOTT. As I understand it, Mr. Paiewonsky, this practice was discontinued with the establishment of the connection with Chase Manhattan. Is that right?
Mr. · PAIEWONSKY. No; it was established before that. Our bank did away with the charges and brought back into the Virgin Islands about $5 to $6 million of funds belonging to Virgin Islanders that had been kept in mainland banks up here, on account of the charges.
Senator ALLOTT. And being kept in mainland banks due to the excessive charges ?
Mr. PAIEWONSKY. That is correct. We did away completely with the charges on checks and made it a free exchange, so that any person could write a check and get the full value for the face of that check in the Virgin Islands. And that brought back into the Virgin Islands I believe between $4 to $6 million, almost, right away.
In addition to that, the economy has been growing, and with the stimulation of the economic provisions of the 1954 organic act, I think we have seen a tremendous growth in the Virgin Islands. I think it is a healthy type of growth.
The CHAIRMAN. Would that account for the great loss each year of the VICORP!
Mr. PAIEWONSKY. I think the VICORP operation is in a different category from private enterprise in the Virgin Islands.
The CHAIRMAN. I was going to get to it later, but since you are a good businessman down there, can you explain why this Virgin Islands Corporation lost $635,000 on its sugar operations last year? Mr. PAIEWONSKY. I do not think I can answer that question.
The CHAIRMAN. Well, now, was part of their assets sold to your corporation, the Riise Co.? Mr. PAIEWONSKY. No, sir. The CHAIRMAN. The molasses was sold ? Mr. PAIEWONSKY. The molasses was sold.
The CHAIRMAN. How do they separate the molasses from sugar down there? You buy only raw molasses?
Mr. PAIEWONSKY. We buy only raw molasses. I can assure you the molasses we got from VICORP during the last year was almost unfit to be used in a distillery, also, sir.
The CHAIRMAN. Did they get income from that?
Mr. PAIEWONSKY. They did.
The CHAIRMAN. Or did they sustain a loss in that?
Mr. PAIEWONSKY. They received an income from that, the market
value of the molasses.
The CHAIRMAN. They did not sustain a loss?
Mr. PAIEWONSKY. No, sir; not on the sale of molasses.
The CHAIRMAN. Did they report a loss from growing cane? Mr. PAIEWONSKY. I think they have reported a loss in almost every direction.
The CHAIRMAN. The reported loss was $208,000 from cane growing. Does that have anything to do with the molasses?
Mr. PAIEWONSKY. No, sir; except that molasses is a byproduct of sugarcane.
The CHAIRMAN. That is what I thought. Mr. PAIEWONSKY. But I do think the loss on the growing of the sugarcane might have resulted from a severe drought that was experienced last year. We did have a severe drought. But I do believe that a lot of the problems of VICORP might be questions of management and questions of a number of other things that would have to be carefully studied. I could not give you an answer on that without studying it.
The CHAIRMAN. The Virgin Islands Corporation has cost the Treasury of this country many, many millions of dollars; has it not? Mr. PAIEWONSKY. It certainly has, sir.
The CHAIRMAN. And now, as a businessman, with all these investments down there, can you explain the loss of $662,000 in sugar operations in 1 year, after several millions of capital had been poured into it by the United States over the years? Mr. PAIEWONSKY. There should be no reason for that, sir.
The CHAIRMAN. How did it occur? You were down there. You saw it.
Mr. PAIEWONSKY. I had nothing to do with the management of VICORP.
The CHAIRMAN. I did not say you did. I am merely trying to find out why you think it lost it.
Mr. PAIEWONSKY. Well, as I said before, there was a severe drought. That was one of the reasons. I think maybe poor planning. Maybe a series of things in VICORP.
The CHAIRMAN. Would you have anything to do with it if you were Governor? Mr. PAIEWONSKY. Would I have anything to do with VICORP? The CHAIRMAN. Would you not be Chairman of the Board ? Mr. PAIEWONSKY. No, sir; I would just be a member of the Board, but I would at least be in a position to voice my opinion and look into the facts and make recommendations on how to turn the tide and how to change that.
The CHAIRMAN. The Secretary of the Interior would be a member of the Board. Would he sort of look to you for guidance in this matter?
Mr. PAIEWONSKY. Well, I hope so; because at least I would be an onthe-spot director that would be keeping in touch with the operations and what is taking place in the company.
The CHAIRMAN. Now, as an on-the-spot director, have you any plans for trying to repair this loss to the Federal Treasury? .
Mr. PAIEWONSKY. I believe there are a lot of things that can be done to reverse this trend. Yes, sir. Definitely, sir.
The CHAIRMAN. Could you indicate what some of them are? Mr. PAIEWONSKY. Well, in the first place, I think that the Virgin Islands Corporation has never carried out the full intention of the law establishing it. I think it has restricted itself into one narrow field of sugarcane cultivation. And even in this particular field of sugarcane cultivation, I do not know whether they have explored the possibility of scientific research, development, and so forth, to make this phase a profitable phase.
I am not a sugar chemist in any way, but I do know that a lot of things can be improved upon.
I know that VICORP could have been an Economic Development Administration similar to the one in Puerto Rico, that could have sparked our economic development, with the resources that they have.
VICORP controls the power, the water, and has the possibility of extending help to the small farmers, so that we can raise more of the foods that we consume in the Islands ourselves. We would not have to import the tremendous quantity of foods for the hotels and the needs of the local people.
I think there is a lot that can be done. I think that people with vision and understanding of the problems of the islands can help tremendously in bringing the Virgin Islands Corporation into the position of a corporation that can make money, or at least break even.
The CHAIRMAN. Well, I raise the question purely from this standpoint: The Department of the Interior, as others have, comments upon your successful business administration in many other branches. You can make a drugstore go, a liquor store go, a stationary store go. If you are going to become the Governor of the Islands, I would think that you would be giving some thought to how you can make the sugarcane business go to where it could not lose $600,000 a year when the Government already has $10 million invested in it and gets nothing from it and gets no taxes from the island.
Mr. PAIEWONSKY. Senator, I agree with you. And I think quite a number of us realize the importance of the Virgin Islands Corporation, but we have never had the opportunity of having a voice or say in the corporation or its management.
The CHAIRMAN. Mr. de Castro is going to testify. He has had some voice in it. He has been Governor.
Mr. PAIEWONSKY. Yes, he has been a very good Governor in the Virgin Islands.
The CHAIRMAN. Did he keep it from losing money? Mr. PAIEWONSKY. I think so. I think one year the Virgin Islands Corporation made some money. I am not familiar with the balance sheets and the internal operations of the company. I have been very critical of the company, on the outside, of many of their operations.
And I think that this company can, under proper management and under proper direction, be the economic spark of the islands, and would not lose money. It should not lose money.
The CHAIRMAN. My sole point is that you were on the Chase Manhattan's Advisory Council and have been connected with a bank of your own, and everything else. Does it not distress you to see anybody losing that much money?
Mr. PAIEWONSKY. It certainly does. I am very much concerned about it.
Every business, sir, that we have been in, we have worked very hard in, and we have made it a success. We have worked to make it a success. And I can assure you that if I am a member of the board of this company, I will work tirelessly to make it a success.
The CHAIRMAN. Who appoints the other three members that are appointed at large?
Mr. PAIEWONSKY. They are appointed by the President. I know the three members. They are good men, but you cannot run a company with absentee management, sir.
The CHAIRMAN. Who are the other three directors? Mr. PAIEWONSKY. The other three? One is Mr. Ward Canaday. The CHAIRMAN. Of Willy Overland ? Mr. PAIEWONSKY. Yes. And Mr. Claytor, Dr. Claytor, I think it is. And the third person is Victor Bornn, who is a native of the Virgin Islands.
The CHAIRMAN. Do you have any recommendations? Some of us have opposed this payroll padding device down there for quite a while. Have you any recommendations as to what might be done? Mr. PAIEWONSKY. Sir, when I look into it, I certainly will have.
The CHAIRMAN. I am trying to get a commitment in advance, that if you are confirmed you will spend at least a little time trying to make a losing business profitable. You seem to know how to do it.
Mr. PAIEWONSKY. I have done it in the past in the islands. But here I feel I will have to study the inside workings of the company. I think I know how it can be done. But I will just be one member on a board of seven.
The CHAIRMAN. You discourage me a little. When I was in the Department of Agriculture, we made a couple of hundred million dollars in the cotton business, and I got criticized by everybody. They said the Department of Agriculture is supposed to lose money. Now, do you regard the Virgin Islands Corporation as a device to lose money?
Mr. PAIEWONSKY. Oh, no, sir. I think the Virgin Islands Corporation should make money. As a matter of fact, I was in a sense responsible for having the local government turn over the power authority, the power division, to the Virgin Islands Corporation, hoping that they would be
The CHAIRMAN. Did that not result in a greater loss?
Mr. PAIEWONSKY. And now, my goodness, it is worse than ever.
The CHAIRMAN. It is losing? Mr. PAIEWONSKY. It is not losing, but the service that is being rendered and the poor planning.
The CHAIRMAN. Well, why transfer it to a bad corporation? That is not the way you generally build a business, is it? Mr. PAIEWONSKY. No, sir.
The CHAIRMAN. Well, can we get any suggestions from you as to what you might like to see done down there? Mr. PAIEWONSKY. With the Virgin Islands Corporation ? The CHAIRMAN. Yes. Mr. PAIEWONSKY. I do not know whether I could at this moment, Senator. I would be very happy to in time.
The CHAIRMAN. You have a fine record as a successful businessman. I mean you are able to turn things into dollars. And the reason we put people on boards is clear. The reason you were put on the Chase Manhattan board was because you were successful, was it not? When you studied your bank, did you pick directors on the basis of their business failures, or their success? Mr. PAIEWONSKY. Their success.
The CHAIRMAN. You are being put on the board. I am just trying to see if you will not say to us that you are going to make it a first order of business to try to stop this drainage on the Federal Treasury.
Mr. PAIEWONSKY. That is exactly what I am going to do, Senator. But I cannot put my finger now on the specific things in the Corporation.
The CHAIRMAN. You have been down there for a great many years. You must know what is going on. I think I know what is going on.
Senator DWORSHAK. Mr. Paiewonsky, you said that the quality of the molasses sold by VICORP is very poor. Your distillery does buy molasses from VICORP!
Mr. PAIEWONSKY. Yes, sir; we buy 70 percent of what they produce. Senator DWORSHAK. 70 ?
Mr. PAIEWONSKY. 70 percent of VICORP's production we buy from VICORP.
Senator DWORSHAK. I understand that in 1959 you had some controversy over the quality of the molasses, and you refused to pay for that molasses.
Mr. PAIEWONSKY. That is correct, sir. We wanted to focus attention on it. Not only that, but I will give you the reasons why.
They use in the VICORP a new method of harvesting, which they bought as a labor-saving device; and they used mechanical means. And they loaded the canes from the field with bulldozers and pickup machinery into trucks, which brought with it about 25 percent or maybe 30 percent of field dirt, mud, trash, to the sugar mill. And


Randy Hall #10 1/24 2006 DIRT Late Model CAR. Rare Red Series ADC A utographed Car. Box has small shelf ware.
The item "Randy Hall #10 1/24 2006 DIRT Late Model CAR Rare Red Series Autographed" is in sale since Wednesday, October 17, 2018. This item is in the category "Toys & Hobbies\Diecast & Toy Vehicles\Cars\ Racing, NASCAR\Other Diecast Racing Cars". The seller is "rantrackside" and is located in Fond du Lac, Wisconsin. This item can be shipped to United States, Canada, United Kingdom, Denmark, Romania, Slovakia, Bulgaria, Czech republic, Finland, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Estonia, Australia, Greece, Portugal, Cyprus, Slovenia, Japan, China, Sweden, South Korea, Indonesia, Taiwan, Thailand, Belgium, France, Hong Kong, Ireland, Netherlands, Poland, Spain, Italy, Germany, Austria, Israel, Mexico, New Zealand, Philippines, Singapore, Switzerland, Norway, Saudi arabia, Ukraine, United arab emirates, Qatar, Kuwait, Bahrain, Croatia, Malaysia, Chile, Colombia, Costa rica, Dominican republic, Panama, Trinidad and tobago, Guatemala, El salvador, Honduras, Jamaica.