The FDA published two draft guidance documents that outline how the agency would classify low-risk general wellness devices and applications and propose risk assessment-based regulation for medical device accessories, Health Data Management reports.
Meanwhile, FDA in separate draft guidance defined a medical device accessory as something that is used with at least one parent device or is "intended to support, supplement and/or augment the performance of one or more parent devices."
FDA's draft guidance proposed regulating medical device accessories based on the risks they present when used with their parent devices, but not based on the parent device's risks. The agency noted that some device accessories can have lower associated risks than their parent devices, and thus warrant different levels of regulation (FierceHealthIT, 1/16).
Stakeholder reaction to FDA's draft guidance documents was mixed, Health Data Management reports (Health Data Management, 1/19).
For example, Joel White -- executive director of the Health IT Now Coalition -- in a statement said the group was "disappointed" with "FDA guidance attempting to define the regulatory parameters for health IT ... because it continues FDA's reach into new technologies at the same time Congress is working on changes to the FDA's authority in this area." He added, "We urge ... FDA and the [Office of the National Coordinator for Health IT] to develop a new regulatory framework that encourages innovation and protects the safety of patients" (Health IT Now release, 1/17).
Meanwhile, Brad Thompson -- an attorney with Epstein Becker & Green -- said that while the guidance on medical device accessories did not go far enough, "FDA truly listened to the public in crafting" the guidance on general wellness products. Thompson, who also is general counsel for the mHealth Regulatory Coalition, added, "FDA has chosen to draw a very common sense line that avoids regulating products that help people manage common chronic diseases" (FierceHealthIT, 1/16).


I have decided not to freak out. Yes, we may be in the midst of a Constitutional Crisis. Our Democracy may have been hijacked by a Russian Stooge and Operative, but I have decided not to listen to that loud fat man screaming at the podium. He is an idiot and a fool. Yes, he occupies a pretty important and powerful office, but I do believe he will implode, and we will pick up the pieces and carry on. Don't know how long this will all take, but the end will not be pretty for that man. This country is bigger and better than that despicably pathetic, hate-filled man. Weird times, for sure, but no freak-out!
The Confidence Man is Fucked!
"Comfort Food for the Soul!"
A Shady Bit of Chaos!
The Mountain of Lies is Crumbling!
I Love the Latest Narrative!
"Pick a Channel, Sink In, Let Go!"
"Love, Baby, that's the Thing!"
A First Step in Taking Back Our Dream of America!


Get with your group and get out on the water. Our paddle-ready CrossFit shirt has a rash guard on the arms to prevent abrasion and an anti-chlorine treatment for aquatic activities. The Speedwick technology wicks away moisture so you dry quickly. Bonded mesh panels at the bottom hem add a secure fit to your water workouts.


Free Coloring Pages Moana-Print a challenging coloring page for adults & teenagers: There are coloring pages with intricate patterns, animals & buildings.
Baby Looney Tunes Coloring Pages Roadrunner-Print a challenging coloring page for adults & teenagers: There are coloring pages with intricate patterns, animals & buildings.
Art 1 Projects High School- A coloring page is a drawing to color in, usually meant for young children, although more and more adults like coloring coloring pages.
Bugs Bunny Coloring Page- Here you will find the best coloring pages for all ages. Coloring pages of animals, movies, seasons and more. Many coloring pages that you find on coloring pages.
Baby Princess Coloring Pages-Print a challenging coloring page for adults & teenagers: There are coloring pages with intricate patterns, animals & buildings.
Collage Lesson Plans For Elementary-Print a challenging coloring page for adults & teenagers: There are coloring pages with intricate patterns, animals & buildings.
Christmas Coloring Pages Tree- A coloring page is a drawing to color in, usually meant for young children, although more and more adults like coloring coloring pages.
Christmas Coloring Pages Numbers- A coloring page is a drawing to color in, usually meant for young children, although more and more adults like coloring coloring pages.
Disney Tsum Tsum Drawing-Print a challenging coloring page for adults & teenagers: There are coloring pages with intricate patterns, animals & buildings.
Christmas Tree Ornaments Coloring Page- A coloring page is a drawing to color in, usually meant for young children, although more and more adults like coloring coloring pages.


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Le Lockheed CP-140 Aurora est un avion de patrouille maritime, entré en service en 1980, et construit à  pour les besoins de l'Aviation royale canadienne. Il a été conçu pour remplacer les Canadair CL-28. Sa mission principale est la lutte anti-sous-marine dans l'océan arctique. Comme le P-3 Orion, il a été conçu à partir de la cellule de l'avion de ligne Lockheed Electra, mais son électronique est différente, largement emprunté au S-3 Viking.

Références

Avion quadrimoteur
Avion construit aux États-Unis
Aéronef à turbopropulsion
Avion de patrouille maritime
Avion militaire de la guerre froide
Premier vol en 1979

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Cannabis Commission chair outlines goals, initial steps
State House News Service
As he sets out to stand up a legal marijuana industry here, Cannabis Control Commission Chairman Steven Hoffman said Wednesday he intends for retail marijuana sales to begin by July 2018, but did not guarantee that the nascent commission would meet that timeline.
Hoffman, a retired business executive and former Bain and Company partner selected by Treasurer Deborah Goldberg to chair the Cannabis Control Commission, met with reporters Wednesday to outline how he and the other four pot commissioners will go about their task.
"My understanding is that it is an expectation, but not explicitly part of the law, that retail establishments open July 1 of 2018 and that's our intent at this point," Hoffman said. He also said he is a realist and that "if the reality is it can't be done, it can't be done. But I don't accept that right now."
After voting in December to delay many key aspects of the ballot law by six months, the Legislature's target date to begin licensing retail pot shops is June 1, 2018 in order to allow retail sales to begin in July.
The CCC is under a tight schedule to get up and running and begin issuing regulations and setting up an application process to be able to begin licensing retail marijuana shops. The CCC is required to promulgate initial regulations on roughly three dozen topics by March 15, 2018, and then must begin accepting licenses for retail, cultivation and manufacturing facilities by April 1, 2018.
The CCC starts with a budget of roughly $2.3 million – $2 million in this year's annual budget and a $300,000 allocation approved last fiscal year – but Goldberg has said the commission will need an annual budget of roughly $10 million to properly oversee the new industry.
"We have the resources to get started. I will reserve comment on whether those are adequate to get us to the finish line but we certainly have the resources to get started," Hoffman said. He added, "For each of the pieces that we have to implement, we'll figure out exactly what is needed in terms of resources, timing, personnel, put it all together as a plan and if the current funding is inadequate, as I suspect it will be, we'll go to the Legislature, go through our plan and say here is what we need."
Rep. Mark Cusack, the House chair of the Marijuana Policy Committee, said he and lawmakers are "waiting for the commissioners to get in place and hear from their recommendation" on what it needs in terms of funding. He also said the CCC's current appropriation is sufficient to "get them off the ground."
Among the first orders of business, Hoffman said, will be to find office space (the CCC is temporarily working out of Human Resources Division office space at One Ashburton Place), begin to hire staff and hold an initial public meeting. That meeting is tentatively scheduled for Tuesday, though a location has not yet been determined.
"We have to divide and conquer with the commission. We have to put together a project plan for all the strands of work that is necessary to implement this law successfully and we need to understand timing, milestones, resources required," Hoffman said.
That he is now the head of the commission tasked with implementing the legal pot law OK'ed by about 1.8 million voters is "amazingly ironic" to Hoffman, who voted no on Question 4 last November because he was concerned about the implementation timeline in the original ballot language.
"I actually support the objectives of the initiative, my concern as a private citizen was that I thought the timeline was pretty short to deal with some of the complexities and public safety issues involved with implementing the law, but I am a supporter of the objectives of the law," he said. "I find it amazingly ironic — my concerns as a private citizen in November 2016 and I'm now part of the commission that has responsibility for addressing those concerns."
The CCC will be rounded out by three other legalization opponents — former state Sen. Jennifer Flanagan, former deputy general counsel to the Massachusetts Department of Public Health Kay Doyle, and attorney Britte McBride. The commission's lone legalization supporter is Shaleen Title, co-founder of cannabis recruiting firm THC Staffing Group and a co-author of the 2016 legalization ballot law.
The Yes on 4 Coalition and Marijuana Policy Project, which led the push to legalize marijuana in Massachusetts, raised concerns that four of the five commissioners opposed the 2016 ballot initiative and called on each of them to commit to implementing the law without additional delays.
"We want assurances, and we think the voters deserve assurances," spokesman Jim Borghesani said in a statement. "There is too much at stake to simply sit back and hope for the best. We want to see solid commitments to advancing the will of the voters."
Hoffman said he "would not have taken this job unless I was fully committed to implementing the law in good faith" and said he believes the same is true for the other four commissioners.
The 64-year-old Hoffman said marijuana was ubiquitous in his younger years — "I went to high school in the 60s and I went to college in the early 70s," he said — and that he last used marijuana a little more than a year ago.
"My last time was my wife and I went to visit friends of ours in Breckenridge, Colorado over July fourth weekend of 2016 — so a little more than a year ago — went to a store, bought a T-shirt, bought a joint, smoked it and watched the fireworks," he said, adding that he was impressed with how professionally-run the shop was and its variety of marijuana products. "I don't remember the last time before that."
Asked if he might use marijuana more frequently once retail sales begin in Massachusetts, Hoffman, who will serve a five-term on the CCC and as chairman make roughly $160,000 a year, said it is unlikely.
"No, probably not," he said. "But not because of any reason other than personal preference."
NYPD seize 'marijuana' only to discover it was legal hemp
Cannabis commission exploring ways to help communities hurt by pot ban
Netflix sells weed customized to 12 of its shows

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Ferries to Spain
Home / Europe / Spain / Cadiz / Santa Cruz de La Palma to Cadiz Ferry
Popular Ferry Operators for Santa Cruz de La Palma - Cadiz
Naviera Armas
1 Sailing Weekly
View Naviera Armas information
Santa Cruz de La Palma - Cadiz is one of our busiest routes - sailings regularly sell out at busy periods
Tips & Information for Santa Cruz de La Palma - Cadiz
Latest offers for Santa Cruz de La Palma - Cadiz
Santa Cruz de La Palma to Cadiz Ferry
The Santa Cruz de La Palma Cadiz ferry route connects La Palma with Spain. Currently there is just the 1 ferry company operating this ferry service, Naviera Armas. The crossing operates up to 1 times each week with sailing durations from around 63 hours.
Santa Cruz de La Palma Cadiz sailing durations and frequency may vary from season to season so we'd advise doing a live check to get the most up to date information.
For more information, please visit our Ferries from La Palma to Spain page.
How long is the ferry from Santa Cruz de La Palma to Cadiz?
The approximate duration for ferries from Santa Cruz de La Palma to Cadiz is 63h. Durations can vary by operator and season.
How much is the ferry from Santa Cruz de La Palma to Cadiz?
Santa Cruz de La Palma to Cadiz is approximately 650 €. We recommended booking in advance for the best price and availability.
Which ferry companies operate between Santa Cruz de La Palma to Cadiz?
There is 1 ferry operator for ferries from Santa Cruz de La Palma to Cadiz and this is
How can I book ferry tickets from Santa Cruz de La Palma to Cadiz?
Book Santa Cruz de La Palma to Cadiz tickets through our deal finder, where you can view the latest prices and schedules.
Can you travel as a foot passenger on the ferry from [Portfrom] to Cadiz?
Yes, foot passengers are allowed onboard the ferries from Santa Cruz de La Palma to Cadiz with
Can you take your car on the ferry from Santa Cruz de La Palma to Cadiz?
Yes, you can travel with a car from Santa Cruz de La Palma to Cadiz with the following operators
Can you bring dogs on the ferry from [Portfrom] to Cadiz?
What is the distance from Santa Cruz de La Palma to Cadiz?
Santa Cruz de La Palma to Cadiz is approximately 828 nautical miles distance apart.
Santa Cruz de La Palma Guide
The Spanish city of Santa Cruz de la Palma is located on the east coast of the island of La Palma, one of the Canary Islands. It is the island's second largest city, after Los Llanos de Aridane, but it is the island's capital. The city was founded by 1493 by Alonso Fernandez de Lugo and was located next to a river that was situated by a cave named Tedote (now Cueva de Carla) to the north of the city. The city's original name was called Villa del Apuron and its port connected routes to the Americas, from which goods from the island were exported. The city is characterised by its cobbled streets, timber balconies and ancient buildings and is just a short stroll from the holiday resort of Los Cancajos. For passengers disembarking at the city's port, the town centre is just across the road from the harbour's entrance.
Santa Cruz de la Palma has the only major port in the island, serving ferry routes to Cádiz in Spain, as well as to Tenerife, Gran Canaria and Lanzarote. The main ferry operators in the port are Naviera Armas and Fred Olsen Express. Many cruise line firms also operate from the port.
Cadiz Guide
The city and port of Cadiz is located in the Andalusia region of southern Spain. The city's coastline forms part of the Costa de la Luz (the Coast of Light) and has many popular sandy beaches some of which are in an urban environment and some of more remote and therefore, unspoilt. There are three festivals held in the city which are popular with tourists. There is the Carnival of Cadiz, the horse racing events on the beach at Sanlucar de Barrameda and the Horse Fair in Jerez de la Frontera. The city is also well known for its delicious food and specifically for its "pescaito frito" (fried platters of assorted fish) and for its shellfish which are best accompanied by wines from the region.
The city's old town is characterised by narrow streets and is one of the most densely populated areas in Europe and has a number of squares that are popular with tourists. These are Plaza de Espana, Plaza de San Juan de Dios, Plaza de Candelaria and Plaza de Mina.
The port at Cadiz serves fishing, sailing, commercial, and passenger traffic and also includes ship repair facilities. From the ferry port passengers can catch a ferry to Arrecife, Las Palmas and Santa Cruz de Tenerife.


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Gazette Network Energy
Energy News / Shareholders Foundation, Inc.
NYSE: COF Shareholder Notice: Lawsuit Alleges Securities Laws Violations by Capital One Financial Corporation
Updated 10:06 AM CDT, Wed, October 16,2019
A lawsuit was filed on behalf of investors in Capital One Financial Corporation (NYSE: COF) shares over alleged securities laws violations.
San Diego, CA -- (SBWIRE) -- 10/16/2019 -- An investor, who purchased shares of Capital One Financial Corporation (NYSE: COF), filed a lawsuit over alleged Securities Laws violations by Capital One Financial.
Investors who purchased shares of Capital One Financial Corporation (NYSE: COF) have certain options and for certain investors are short and strict deadlines running. Deadline: December 2, 2019. NYSE: COF investors should contact the Shareholders Foundation at mail@shareholdersfoundation.com or call +1(858) 779 - 1554.
The plaintiff claims that between February 2, 2018 and July 29, 2019, the defendants made false and/or misleading statements and/or failed to disclose that the Company did not maintain robust information security protections, and its protection did not shield personal information against security breaches, that such deficiencies heightened the Company's exposure to a cyber-attack, and that as a result, Capital One's public statements were materially false and misleading at all relevant times.
Those who purchased shares of Capital One Financial Corporation (NYSE: COF) have certain options and should contact the Shareholders Foundation.
Shareholders Foundation, Inc.
3111 Camino Del Rio North - Suite 423
Phone: +1-(858)-779-1554
Fax: +1-(858)-605-5739
mail@shareholdersfoundation.com
About Shareholders Foundation, Inc.
The Shareholders Foundation, Inc. is a professional portfolio monitoring and settlement claim filing service, , which does research related to shareholder issues and informs investors of securities class actions, settlements, judgments, and other legal related news to the stock/financial market. Shareholders Foundation, Inc. is in contact with a large number of shareholders and offers help, support, and assistance for every shareholder. The Shareholders Foundation, Inc. is not a law firm. Referenced cases, investigation, and/or settlements are not filed/reached and/or related to Shareholders Foundation. The information is provided as a public service. It is not intended as legal advice and should not be relied upon.
http://www.sbwire.com/press-releases/nyse-cof-shareholder-notice-lawsuit-alleges-securities-laws-violations-by-capital-one-financial-corporation-1262776.htm
Email: Click to Email Michael Daniels
Web: http://www.ShareholdersFoundation.com


Holidays is a time for relaxation in a stress free environment. However, it is also a time for activities and invigoration in many different ways. Long Beach Hotel offers a wide variety of choices for activities in Aigio in order to meet each customer's individual need. Being a "near-the-sea" complex it is only natural to accommodate almost all water sports activities. In addition, we offer many other sport activities from table tennis to basketball, sightseeing, cultural escapades at a moment's notice.


Earning money is not an easy task. It requires you to have sufficient skills in a certain field. There are several jobs that are offered over the internet. The most common form of online job is web host designing and developing. However, this job is not applicable to everybody because it has specific requirements and skills. Website serves as the online portal for internet connectivity among users across the globe. It is one of the most popular online marketing strategies used by companies for product and services promotion. There are several purposes of website that serves the interest of the owner. Since many people starts to engage with online activity thus the demand of website developer is inflating.
1. Go to any websites that offer free web hosting.
2. Make sure to have an active email address because there are websites that require you to include your email address.
4. After you have successfully registered an account, you can now browse the available templates.
5. Templates are pre-made website designs that allow you to customize every part of it. This makes it easier for the website developer to create website without relying on the basic technical languages.
6. Once you have selected a template, you can now start working on every pages of the site.
7. The pages include the landing page and other contents of the website. This will be very important for every website because you need to encode the essential information related to your business and personal interests.
8. There are useful tools such as multimedia wherein you can put music or sound files, video files, and images to your website. You can also look for pictures and other multimedia files on the internet and upload it to your account. Once you have uploaded the files, you can use it to your own website.
9. Contents are very important because any website with insufficient information may lack substances.
10. Once you are through with the entire website, make sure to save it. This will prevent you from losing all the information in the website. Fortunately, there are free web host sites that have its automatic back-up system.
11. After you are through with saving, you can either publish the site or not. If you are satisfied with your website then you can publish it. Once you publish the site, you will be given a direct link address of your site. This way, any internet users can check your website.
If you master the basic skills for website developing, you can now start applying for this job. You can use your own website as your samples. The rate for website developing ranges from $50 – $150 per website. If the company wishes you to retain the website every now and then, you will earn bigger than the given rate.


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Cyberwar, the Internet and the Militarization of Civil Society
By Tom Burghardt
Antifascist Calling and Global Research 25 April 2010
Theme: Intelligence, Police State & Civil Rights
This April 2010 path breaking article foresaw what is now unfolding in front of our very eyes: the repeal of civil liberties, privacy and personal freedoms, war without borders internationally…
Unfailingly, defense industry boosters and corporate media acolytes promote the disturbing hypothesis annunciated by former Director of National Intelligence, Mike McConnell, that the nation is in peril.
In a February Washington Post op-ed, the latest version of the "grave and gathering danger" big lie repeated endlessly by former President Bush during the run-up to the Iraq invasion, McConnell claims that "the United States is fighting a cyber-war today, and we are losing."
Since leaving the secret state's employ, McConnell returned to his old beltway bandit firm, Booz Allen Hamilton, as a senior vice president in charge of the company's national security business unit, a position he held after "retiring" as Director of the National Security Agency back in 1996.
Critics, including security system design experts and investigative journalists, question the alarmist drumbeat that promises to dump tens of billions of federal dollars into the coffers of firms like McConnell's.
Indeed, Washington Technology reported two weeks ago that Booz Allen Hamilton landed a $20M contract to "foster collaboration among telecommunications researchers, University of Maryland faculty members and other academic institutions to improve secure networking and telecommunications and boost information assurance."
While we're at it, let's consider the deal that L-3 Communications grabbed from the Air Force just this week. Washington Technology reports that L-3, No. 8 on that publication's "2009 Top Ten" list of federal prime contractors, "will assist the Air Forces Central Command in protecting the security of its network operations under a contract potentially worth $152 million over five years."
Or meditate on the fact that security giant Raytheon's soaring first quarter profits were due to the "U.S. military demand for surveillance equipment and new ways to prepare soldiers for wars," MarketWatch reported Thursday.
Chump-change perhaps in the wider scheme of things, considering America's nearly $800B defense budget for FY2011, but fear sells and what could be more promising for enterprising security grifters than hawking terror that comes with the threat that shadowy "asymmetric" warriors will suddenly switch everything off?
As Bloomberg News disclosed back in 2008, both Lockheed Martin and Boeing "are deploying forces and resources to a new battlefield: cyberspace."
As journalist Gopal Ratnam averred, the military contractors and the wider defense industry are "eager to capture a share of a market that may reach $11 billion in 2013," and "have formed new business units to tap increased spending to protect U.S. government computers from attack."
Linda Gooden, executive vice president of Lockheed's Information Systems & Global Services unit told Bloomberg, "The whole area of cyber is probably one of the faster-growing areas" of the U.S. budget. "It's something that we're very focused on."
Lockheed's close, long-standing ties with the National Security Agency all but guarantee a leg up for the firm as it seeks to capture a large slice of the CYBERCOM pie.
The problem with a line of reasoning that U.S. efforts are primarily concerned with defending Pentagon networks reveals a glaring fact (largely omitted from media accounts) that it is the Pentagon, and not a motley crew of hackers, cyber-criminals or "rogue states" that are setting up a formidable infrastructure for launching future high-tech war crimes.
This is clearly spelled out in the DOD's 2010 Quadrennial Defense Review (QDR). In that document Pentagon planners aver that CYBERCOM "will direct the operation and defense of DOD's information networks, and will prepare to, and when directed, conduct full spectrum cyberspace military operations. An operational USCYBERCOM will also play a leading role in helping to integrate cyber operations into operational and contingency planning."
The QDR promises to stand-up "10 space and cyberspace wings" within the Department of the Air Force that will work in tandem with Cyber Command.
Last week, Antifascist Calling reported how the mission of that Pentagon Command is primarily concerned with waging offensive operations against "adversaries" and that civilian infrastructure is viewed as a "legitimate" target for attack.
In that piece, I cited documents released by the Senate Armed Services Committee (SASC), publicly available, though buried within a mass of Broad Agency Announcements, that solicited bids for contracts by the various armed service branches from private defense and security corporations for the design of offensive cyber weapons.
Accordingly, the Air Force Research Laboratory-Rome issued a Broad Agency Announcement (BAA-10-04-RIKA) February 25, for "Full Spectrum Cyber Operations Technology" that will address issues related to "the integration and better coordination of the day-to-day defense, protection, and operation of DoD networks as well as the capability to conduct full spectrum cyberspace military operations."
The BAA explicitly states that "research efforts under this program are expected to result in functional capabilities, concepts, theory, and applications ideally addressing cyber operations problems including projects specializing in highly novel and interesting applicable technique concepts will also be considered, if deemed to be of 'breakthrough' quality and importance."
Unsurprisingly, "technical information relevant to potential submitters is contained in a classified addendum at the Secret level to this BAA."
But the military aren't the only players leading the charge towards the development of highly-destructive cyberweapons. Indeed, the Cyber Conflict Research Studies Association (CCSA), a Washington, D.C. based think tank is top-heavy with former intelligence, military and corporate officials doing just that.
The group's board of directors are flush with former officers or consultants from the FBI, Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA), the Air Force, National Security Agency, Department of Homeland Security and the CIA. Other board members are top officers in the spooky "public-private" FBI-affiliated spy outfit InfraGard, the Council on Foreign Relations as well as high-powered firms such as General Dynamics, Science Applications International Corporation (SAIC) and Goldman Sachs.
Demonstrating the interconnected nature of domestic surveillance, repression and military cyberwar operations, CCSA's Treasurer, Robert Schmidt, is currently a member of the Office of the Director of National Intelligence, Council on Domestic Intelligence and the secretive Intelligence and National Security Association (INSA). Additionally, Schmidt is the President/CEO of InfraGard and "leads the operational side of private sector involvement with the Federal Bureau of Investigation's InfraGard program." How's that for a hat trick!
What that "operational side" entails has never been publicly disclosed by the organization, but as I wrote back in 2008, citing Matthew Rothschild's chilling piece in The Progressive, martial law is high on InfraGard's agenda.
Members on CCSA's board of directors, like others whirling through the revolving door between government and the private sector were/are officers or consultants to the FBI, NSA, DHS and other secret state intelligence agencies. Others were/are key advisers on the National Security Council or serve as consultants to industry-sponsored associations such as the Armed Forces Communications and Electronics Association (AFCEA) and INSA.
Dovetailing with research conducted by the Pentagon and their Intelligence Community partners, one CCSA study will explore "the full spectrum of military computer network operations, defined as computer network defense (CND), computer network exploit (CNE) and computer network attack (CNA), and examines the potential synergies and tradeoffs between those three categories."
As befitting research conducted by the Military-Industrial-Security-Complex (MISC), CCSA's study "will involve key academicians, strategists, military and intelligence community leaders and operational cyber practitioners to analyze key dilemmas of doctrine, organization, training, and planning, particularly with respect to integrating cyber warfare capabilities with kinetic operations."
Key questions to be answered, among others, include "How can cyberwarfare capabilities be best integrated with other military forces?" and "How can leaders and personnel for conducting cyberwarfare be trained, educated and grown?"
Clearly, these are not academic issues.
DARPA to the Rescue
The Pentagon's "blue sky" research arm, the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) is chock-a-block with programs investigating everything from Neurotechnology for Intelligence Analysts to Operationally-Focused Systems Integration (OFSI) "that align DARPA technologies with explicit opportunities for military operational impact."
Certainly, given the precarious state of the global capitalist economy, the enfeebled nature of American democratic institutions, and with no end in sight to planet-wide imperial adventures to secure access to increasingly shrinking energy reserves and other strategic resources, technological "silver bullets" are highly sought-after commodities by corporate and military bureaucracies. Such technophilic preoccupations by the MISC all but guarantee that the "state of exception" inaugurated by the 9/11 provocation will remain a permanent feature of daily life.
Several, interrelated DARPA projects feed into wider Pentagon cyberwar research conducted by the Army, Navy and Air Force.
One component of this research is DARPA's National Cyber Range (NCR). The brainchild of the agency's Strategic Technical Office (STO), NCR is conceived as "DARPA's contribution to the new federal Comprehensive National Cyber Initiative (CNCI), providing a 'test bed' to produce qualitative and quantitative assessments of the Nation's cyber research and development technologies."
While DARPA claims that it is "creating the National Cyber Range to protect and defend the nation's critical information systems," a "key vision" behind the program "is to revolutionize the state of the art of test range resource and test automation execution."
While short on specifics, DARPA's "vision of the NCR is to create a national asset for use across the federal government to test a full spectrum of cyber programs."
Many of the military programs slated for testing at NCR are highly classified, including those that fall under the purview of Pentagon Special Access or black programs. As defense analyst William M. Arkin pointed out in Code Names, such programs are hidden under the rubric of Special Technical Operations that have their own "entire separate channels of communication and clearances." STO's "exist to compartment these military versions of clandestine and covert operations involving special operations, paramilitary activity, covert action, and cyber-warfare." Arkin identified nearly three dozen cyberwar programs or exercises back in 2005; undoubtedly many more have since come online.
As Aviation Week reported in 2009, "Devices to launch and control cyber, electronic and information attacks are being tested and refined by the U.S. military and industry in preparation for moving out of the laboratory and into the warfighter's backpack."
But as "with all DARPA programs," the agency "will transition the operation of the NCR at a later date to an operational partner. No decision has been made on who will operate the final range."
Amongst the private defense, security and academic "partners" involved in NCR's development are the usual suspects: scandal-tainted BAE Systems; General Dynamics-Advanced Information Systems; Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory; Lockheed Martin; Northrop Grumman-Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance Systems Division; Science Applications International Corporation; and SPARTA.
The aggressive nature of what has since evolved into CYBERCOM is underscored by several planning documents released by the U.S. Air Force. In a 2006 presentation to the Air Force Cyber Task Force, A Warfighting Domain: Cyberspace, Dr. Lani Kass unabashedly asserts: "Cyber is a war-fighting domain. The electromagnetic spectrum is the maneuver space. Cyber is the United States' Center of Gravity–the hub of all power and movement, upon which everything else depends. It is the Nation's neural network." Kass averred that "Cyber superiority is the prerequisite to effective operations across all strategic and operational domains–securing freedom from attack and freedom to attack."
Accordingly, she informed her Air Force audience that "Cyber favors the offensive," and that the transformation of the electromagnetic spectrum into a "warfighting domain" will be accomplished by: "Strategic Attack directly at enemy centers of gravity; Suppression of Enemy Cyber Defenses; Offensive Counter Cyber; Defensive Counter Cyber; Interdiction."
While the Pentagon and their embedded acolytes in academia, the media and amongst corporate grifters who stand to secure billions in contracts have framed CYBERCOM's launch purely as a defensive move to deter what Wired investigative journalist Ryan Singel has denounced as "Cyberarmaggedon!" hype to protect America's "cyber assets" from attack by rogue hackers, states, or free-floating terrorist practitioners of "asymmetric war," CYBERCOM's defensive brief is way down the food chain.
Indeed, "options for the Operational Command for Cyberspace" include the "scalability of force packages" and their "ease of implementation" and, as I wrote last week citing but two of the fourteen examples cited by the Senate, "research, development, and acquisition" of cyber weapons. This is attack, not defense mode.
Americans' Privacy: a Thing of the Past
Situating CYBERCOM under the dark wings of U.S. Strategic Command and the National Security Agency, is a disaster waiting to happen.
As we now know, since 2001 NSA under dubious Office of Legal Counsel (OLC) findings that are still classified, and the despicable 2008 FISA Amendments Act, the Executive Branch was handed the authority the spy on American citizens and legal residents with impunity.
During his confirmation hearing as Cyber Command chief on April 15, NSA Director Lt. General Keith Alexander sought to assure the Senate Armed Services Committee (SASC) that "this is not about the intent to militarize cyber-space. My main focus is on building the capacity to secure the military's operational networks."
He told the Senate panel that if called in to help protect civilian networks, both NSA and Cyber Command "will have unwavering dedication to the privacy of American citizens."
Alexander was far cagier however in his written responses in a set of Advanced Questions posed by the SASC.
While corporate media like the dutiful stenographers they are, repeated standard Pentagon boilerplate that the secret state has an "unwavering dedication" to Americans' privacy, the Electronic Privacy Information Center (EPIC) filed a Freedom of Information Act request demanding answers and the release of the classified supplement.
Alexander stated in his written testimony that although "U.S. Cyber Command's mission will not include defense of the .gov and .com domains, given the integration of cyberspace into the operation of much of our critical infrastructure and the conduct of commerce and governance, it is the obligation of the Department to be prepared to provide military options to the President and SECDEF if our national security is threatened."
He also defended the statement that "DOD's mission to defend the nation 'takes primacy' over the Department of Homeland Security's role in some situations."
"Of greater concern" EPIC wrote in their brief, "may be the questions that Lt. Gen. Alexander chose to respond to in classified form. When asked if the American people are 'likely to accept deployment of classified methods of monitoring electronic communications to defend the government and critical infrastructure without explaining basic aspects of how this monitoring will be conducted and how it may affect them,' the Director acknowledged that the Department had a 'need to be transparent and communicate to the American people about our objectives to address the national security threat to our nation–the nature of the threat, our overall approach, and the roles and responsibilities of each department and agency involved–including NSA and the Department of Defense,' but then chose include that the rest of his response to that question in the 'classified supplement'."
"Most troubling of all" EPIC averred "is the classified nature of the responses to advance questions 27b) and 27c). After responding to the question of how the internet could be designed differently to provide greater inherent security by describing vague 'technological enhancements' that could enhance mobility and possibly security, Lt. Gen. Alexander responded to 'Is it practical to consider adopting those modifications?' and 'What would the impact be on privacy, both pro and con?' by referring the Senators to the 'classified supplement.' No answer to either question was provided in the public record."
But in considering these questions, perhaps the SASC should have referred to ex-spook McConnell's February Washington Post op-ed: "More specifically, we need to reengineer the Internet to make [it] more manageable. The technologies are already available from public and private sources and can be further developed if we have the will to build them into our systems and to work with our allies and trading partners so they will do the same."
Is this a great country, or what!
The original source of this article is Antifascist Calling and Global Research
Copyright © Tom Burghardt, Antifascist Calling and Global Research, 2013
Articles by: Tom Burghardt
http://antifascist-calling.blogspot.com/


text:
"Total Self-Giving "by Regina Madonna Oliver, from A Promise of Presence
"Many women have done excellently, but you surpass them all."
Proverbs, 31:29 (NRSV)
Usplash: Mathis Jrdl
Hing Fa Ho was a wife, mother and grandmother. She had endured much in the struggle to raise a family in China. She spent years playing sole resident parent while her husband worked abroad in the American Merchant Marines to earn enough to maintain his family. Finally, hoping to provide a better life for her family, Hing Fa Ho journeyed with her husband to America to begin a new life in a strange country whose language she was never to master. She and her husband were people of a dream-a dream for a better future for their children and for the generations to come.
By the time her son and his wife and three children emigrated to the United States, Hing and her husband had established themselves in their new country. They were able to provide a stable home for their three grandchildren while their son moved from place to place in an attempt to establish himself in a field of medicine he could practice. In addition to raising their grandchildren, Hing and her husband managed to provide them with the financial assistance they needed to pursue their respective interests in college. Unable to speak English herself, Hing raised three totally Americanized young people: two became engineers, one became a lawyer.
For several years Hing Fa Ho had suffered physical depletion due to old age, to the point of being unable to move from her bed. Her daughter-in-law nursed her, but the constant demands of care giving were beginning to take a serious toll. The three grandchildren consulted and decided to relieve their mother and move their grandmother to northern Virginia where two of them lived. There they would be able to give her constant loving care for as long as God might give her life. She, who had mothered them in their adapting to a new country and been there to nurture them through their growing years, would now receive their care and nurturing.
The grandchildren rented an RV, gently put Grandmother to bed in its ample space, and transported her from Florida to Virginia. For a few days Hing enjoyed the company of her son and daughter-in-law, her grandchildren, and her great-grandchildren, all together with her for the first time. In retrospect, it seems that this is what she struggled to stay alive for-to be reunited with those she had loved and nurtured and to see the results of those developing years in the fruitfulness of their successful lives and in the blossoming of the next generation. After only a few days of experiencing this fulfillment, Hing Fa Ho slipped peacefully into her eternal dream of being in peace and joy with her husband and her ancestors in God's eternity.
Consider the stamina it required, the courage and total self giving it took, for this woman to live such a life of dedication to her marriage and the primacy of family. The Holy Spirit of God, whatever one may call it and in whatever idiom or tongue, is the source of every good and holy inspiration in us. This is the Spirit that empowered Hing Fa Ho and that welcomed the good and faithful servant into the eternity of joy and peace she expected. As Hing came to the joyful end of her journey, we were privileged to contemplate a full life well spent. Her journey is also the journey of every person on this globe, in every era, who lives a life of selfless devotion in pursuit of deeply revered principles and sacred values.
Think about God and the Holy One's relationship with humanity. Do you see the universality of God's love reaching out and embracing each and every member of the human race-or are you inclined to think in terms of only your own ethnic or religious background? Do you realize that God's Holy Spirit is inspiring the good in each and every human person, wherever good is to be found-even beyond the narrow confines of classic Christianity? To reflect more on the universality ofJesus' ministry, read Mark 7:24-30. Spend time with Jesus thinking about his open, all-embracing attitude toward every person.
Prayerfully consider the life of Mother Teresa of Calcutta and the way she reflected Jesus' compassion in her outreach to any and every dying person, regardless of status or religion. That someone was a fellow human being in need was enough for her, just as it was enough for Jesus. Read of Jesus' compassion in Mark 5:1-20, and talk with him about your present way of viewing others. Are you in tune with Jesus' all-embracing attitude? If so, thank him for this grace in your life. If you find you are not in line with Jesus' values, ask him to change your heart.
Read about Jesus' exchange with the Samaritan woman at the well (John 4). Talk with Jesus about his compassionate love for every human being. Notice that he does not condemn the Samaritan woman. He sees her as an abused woman, having been spurned by several men in her life-in a society where only a man could give a writ of divorce. He does not spurn her. Rather, he chooses her to be the evangelist and apostle to her townspeople.
Read John 5:19, 37-42. Talk with Jesus about this Scripture. Make this your prayer today:
May I love more broadly and more deeply. Let my love reach out to each and every one, just as your love does. Let me see as you see, Jesus, and love with your own universal, all-embracing love.
Reflect on the lines of this well-known poem, and think of all the wonderful kinds of people who are part of this amazing creation of God. Thank God for their amazing and fascinating differences; for the antiquity and wisdom of their cultures; for the longing God has placed in each human heart to reach out to the Divine.
All things bright and beautiful, All creatures great and small; All things wise and wonderful; images of divine abundance!
Can you think of a person in your life who is like Hing Fa Ho in her or his dedication to principle? Recall noble women and men you've known- or known about-and thank God for their lives.
Spend time with Jesus today reflecting on your life and how you wish to be like the valiant woman described in Proverbs 31:10-29. Some translations begin this Scripture: "Who has seen a valiant woman?" How might you become a "valiant" person?
This meditation is found in A Promise of Presence by Bridget Mary Meehan and Regina Madonna Oliver
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Q: How to unescape apostrophes and such in Python? I have a string with symbols like this:
'

That's an apostrophe apparently.
I tried saxutils.unescape() without any luck and tried urllib.unquote()
How can I decode this? Thanks!

A: Check out this question. What you're looking for is "html entity decoding". Typically, you'll find a function named something like "htmldecode" that will do what you want. Both Django and Cheetah provide such functions as does BeautifulSoup.
The other answer will work just great if you don't want to use a library and all the entities are numeric.

A: Try this: (found it here)
from htmlentitydefs import name2codepoint as n2cp
import re

def decode_htmlentities(string):
    """
    Decode HTML entities–hex, decimal, or named–in a string
    @see http://snippets.dzone.com/posts/show/4569

    >>> u = u'E tu vivrai nel terrore - L'aldilà (1981)'
    >>> print decode_htmlentities(u).encode('UTF-8')
    E tu vivrai nel terrore - L'aldilà (1981)
    >>> print decode_htmlentities("l'eau")
    l'eau
    >>> print decode_htmlentities("foo < bar")
    foo < bar
    """
    def substitute_entity(match):
        ent = match.group(3)
        if match.group(1) == "#":
            # decoding by number
            if match.group(2) == '':
                # number is in decimal
                return unichr(int(ent))
            elif match.group(2) == 'x':
                # number is in hex
                return unichr(int('0x'+ent, 16))
        else:
            # they were using a name
            cp = n2cp.get(ent)
            if cp: return unichr(cp)
            else: return match.group()

    entity_re = re.compile(r'&(#?)(x?)(\w+);')
    return entity_re.subn(substitute_entity, string)[0]

A: The most robust solution seems to be this function by Python luminary Fredrik Lundh.  It is not the shortest solution, but it handles named entities as well as hex and decimal codes.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


There are a lot of Physicists who say that there are infinite possible universes and maybe they are shaped like a quilt but the speed of light prevents us from seeing them in our universe and so we are left in the cold, unable to cuddle up into this multiverse quilt. For example: in one universe, there are planets with labyrinthal caves pockmarked with fancy and colorful jacuzzis. All the people that live in the caves are naked and they go from jacuzzi to jacuzzi and just hang out all day.
There is one jacuzzi that has THC in its purple water and another that is pink and has little mushrooms that float on its surface. The drugs absorb into your skin through your sweaty pours and you have vivid hallucinations of other universes where people worry about money and death and they build cities where when it snows the snow gets all muddy and gross and piles up in damp corners of dirty concrete and it gets into your shoes and makes your toes cold. They have some jacuzzis in this universe but only a few people get to chill out in them and when they do they cover parts of their bodies in synthetic polymers and there is only one drug in the water whose purpose is to sterilize the skin rather than to please it.
When you wake up you see your naked friends and the neon jacuzzis lit up in the dusky hollow space like fluorescent towers that grew in the wrong direction and you smile and get up and take a bite out of the cave wall because it is a brownie.


text:
Opinions // OCTOBER 25, 2018
The Clone Wars Rewatch: Bombs and the "Blue Shadow Virus"
Danger lurks beneath the surface when Padmé and Jar Jar enter a mad scientist's secret laboratory.
Kristin Baver	Kristin Baver is a journalist who loved science fiction before she could even write her own name. (Seriously, she was a card-carrying member of the Star Wars Fan Club when she had no other real reason to own a wallet.) Now she gets paid to pen stories and book reviews, interview fellow fans, writers, and other interesting people, and aspires to one day craft a Boushh disguise and join the ranks of the 501st Legion.
To celebrate the 10th anniversary of Star Wars: The Clone Wars, and the all-new episodes coming thanks to #CloneWarsSaved, we're undertaking a full chronological rewatch of the five original seasons, The Lost Missions, and the theatrical release. We'd be honored if you would join us and share your thoughts on the award-winning series.
20: "Blue Shadow Virus" (Season One, Episode 17)
"Fear is a disease; hope its only cure."
The Republic discovers a Separatist bio-weapon lab hidden on the planet of Naboo. Rather than wait for help, Padmé and Jar Jar go in to investigate.
Just in time for Halloween, this episode leans into the mad scientist trope with Dr. Nuvo Vindi, a classic and quite possibly categorically insane Separatist collaborator who's hellbent on giving life to the eradicated blue shadow virus.
Vindi's scheme introduces an element of biological warfare into the mix of the Clone Wars battles. And although some of the water-borne virus has already spread to the water supply on Naboo near the underground laboratory, his end-game is far more disastrous — a more potent airborne strain with the power to swiftly eliminate life on an entire planet.
The Separatists, like the Empire after it, are consumed with the idea of domination through annihilation. If you're not with them, you're seen as against them, and you must be destroyed.
Padmé and Jar Jar, for their part, exhibit a fearlessness in their pursuit of the truth, working together to uncover the location of the secret Separatist lab and barreling in with little more than a hazmat suit and a shred of hope to protect them. There's no time to wait for help from the Jedi or anyone else, much to a very emotional Anakin's chagrin.
In the end, each member of the team, from Peppi Bow and Jar Jar to Ahsoka and the clone bomb squad, are integral in putting a pin in Vindi's plans and diffusing the series of bombs he set up along with the destructive virus. But the danger still lingers…
The crew working on this episode nicknamed the underground laboratory portals the "disco hallways." Their design was inspired in part by the hallways Luke Skywalker later explored on Cloud City.
What did you think of the episode? Tell us in the comments below and share on social with #CloneWarsRewatch!
Next up: Come back next Thursday when Ahsoka, Padmé, and others are infected in "Mystery of a Thousand Moons."
Associate Editor Kristin Baver is a writer and all-around sci-fi nerd who always has just one more question in an inexhaustible list of curiosities. Sometimes she blurts out "It's a trap!" even when it's not. Want to talk more about The Clone Wars? Hop on Twitter and tell @KristinBaver what you thought about today's episode.
TAGS: Clone Wars Rewatch, Star Wars: The Clone Wars (2008)
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text:
THESE COUNTRIES LIKE MIGRANTS
New Index Shows Least-, Most-Accepting Countries for Migrants
by Neli Esipova, John Fleming and Julie Ray
Eastern European countries among least accepting of migrants
U.S. makes top 20 most-accepting countries
Acceptance rises with education
WASHINGTON, D.C. -- Many countries on the front lines of the recent migrant crisis in Europe are among the least-accepting countries in the world for migrants, according to Gallup's new Migrant Acceptance Index. Nine of the 10 countries that score a 2.39 or lower (out of a possible 9.0) on the index are former Soviet bloc countries -- with most located along the Balkan route that once channeled asylum seekers from Greece to Germany. Israel, which has dealt with its own influx of asylum seekers from Africa in the past decade, is the only non-European country with scores this low.
Least- and Most-Accepting Countries for Migrants
Least accepting of migrants
Most accepting of migrants
Macedonia 1.47 Iceland 8.26
Montenegro 1.63 New Zealand 8.25
Hungary 1.69 Rwanda 8.16
Serbia 1.80 Sierra Leone 8.05
Slovakia 1.83 Mali 8.03
Israel 1.87 Australia 7.98
Latvia 2.04 Sweden 7.92
Czech Republic 2.26 Nigeria 7.76
Estonia 2.37 Burkina Faso 7.74
Croatia 2.39 Ireland 7.74
Note: Based on 138 countries surveyed in 2016; U.S. surveyed in 2017; top possible score is 9.0
Gallup World Poll
Gallup created the Migrant Acceptance Index to gauge people's acceptance of migrants based on increasing degrees of personal proximity. The index is based on three questions that Gallup asked in 138 countries in 2016 and the U.S. in 2017.
Migrant Acceptance Index Questions
Now, I would like to ask you some questions about foreign immigrants -- people who have come to live and work in this country from another country. Please tell me whether you, personally, think each of the following is a good thing or a bad thing.
Immigrants living in this country A good thing
An immigrant becoming your neighbor A bad thing
An immigrant marrying one of your close relatives (It depends)*
(Don't know/Refused)*
* = Volunteered response
The response "a good thing" is worth three points, a volunteered response of "it depends" or "don't know" is worth one point, and "a bad thing" is worth zero points. The index is a sum of the points across the three questions, with a maximum possible score of 9.0 (all three are good things) and a minimum possible score of zero (all three are bad things).
The Migrant Acceptance Index score for the world is 5.29. Seventy-seven countries score higher than this average, while 61 score lower. A majority worldwide (54%) say immigrants living in their countries is a good thing. Slightly fewer -- but still half, at 50% -- say an immigrant becoming their neighbor is a good thing, and 44% say an immigrant marrying a close relative is a good thing.
Access Global Survey Data
Shape your research on global issues with access to opinions from every corner of the Earth.
Migrants Not Welcome in Eastern Europe Before Migrant Crisis
People in Eastern European countries, who are least accepting of migrants in general, are also among the most strongly opposed to accepting any Syrian refugees in their countries. At least half of adults in seven of these least-accepting countries believe their countries should not accept any refugees. In Macedonia, Hungary and Montenegro, the countries with the lowest Migrant Acceptance Index scores in the world, at least two-thirds say their countries should not admit any Syrian refugees.
But there is evidence that people in these countries -- many of which have long histories of conflicts with neighboring countries -- were already predisposed to be suspicious of outsiders, and the influx of refugees further inflamed these attitudes. Even before the crisis, the majority across Eastern Europe said that migration levels in their countries should be decreased. The same is true of Israel, where three in four residents in 2012 -- the year before the country finished building a fence along its border with Egypt to keep out migrants from Africa -- said they wanted immigration decreased.
As opposed to the least-accepting countries, which are geographically and culturally clustered, the most-accepting countries for migrants are located in disparate parts of the globe. The top two most-accepting countries could not be farther apart -- Iceland with a score of 8.26, and New Zealand with a score of 8.25. However, a common thread tying many of the most-accepting countries together is their long history as receiving countries for migrants. While the highest-receiving country in the world, the U.S., does not make the top 10 countries, it does make the top 20 with a score of 7.27.
Commonwealth of Independent States Least Accepting; Oceania Most Accepting
With many of the 20 least-accepting countries located in this region, it is not surprising that the Commonwealth of Independent States is the least-accepting region in the world for migrants. The region's index score is 3.26 out of a possible 9.0. Russia's score of 2.60 on the index is chiefly responsible for the region's low overall score, but just two countries -- Turkmenistan and Armenia -- score slightly higher than the global average.
Migrant Acceptance Index, by Region
Migrant Acceptance Index
Non-EU Europe
The Middle East, excluding the Gulf Cooperation Council countries, is the next-lowest region, with a score of 3.70. South Asia, Southeast Asia, Northern Africa and non-EU countries in Europe all score lower than the global average.
The regions with the highest index scores are Oceania (Australia and New Zealand) at 8.02 and Northern America at 7.27 (this currently includes just the U.S.; Canada will be surveyed later in 2017).
Most-Educated, Youngest Generations More Accepting
Worldwide, adults in certain demographics are solidly more accepting of migrants than others are. For example, acceptance rises with education. Those with at least four years of education after high school or with college degrees are the most likely of all education groups to be accepting, with an index score of 5.67. Those in the highest 20% income group -- who are also more likely to have higher education -- also stand out in their acceptance of migrants compared with those in all lower income groups. Residents of urban areas also are more likely to be accepting, as opposed to those living in rural areas.
Migrant Acceptance Index, by Demographics
Primary education or less
Completed 4 years of education after high school and/or earned college degree
Gen Zers (1997 or later)
Millennials (1980-1996)
Gen Xers (1965-1979)
Baby boomers (1946-1964)
Traditionalists (before 1946)
Rural/Urban
Income groups
Poorest 20%
Second 20%
Middle 20%
Fourth 20%
Richest 20%
At the global level, younger generations are the most accepting of migrants, while older people are less accepting. Those in the postmillennial generation are the most accepting of all. However, traditionalists -- the oldest generation -- are more accepting than Generation Xers and baby boomers.
The CIS region is a notable exception to each of these global patterns -- acceptance is low regardless of education, generation, income level, or whether residents live in urban or rural areas. However, in the CIS, those with less education tend to be slightly more accepting.
First-Generation Migrants More Accepting Than Native-Born
First-generation migrants themselves are more accepting of migrants than are the native-born in their countries. The index score for first-generation migrants is 5.94, versus 5.18 among native-born residents. Migrants who have been in their adopted countries for less than five years (newcomers) are the most likely to be accepting of migrants, with a score of 6.0.
However, consistent with previous Gallup research on migrants, the longer that migrants stay in their new countries, the more like the native-born they become in their attitudes. While they are still more likely than the native-born to be accepting of migrants, with a score of 5.80, those who have been in their adopted countries for more than five years (long-timers) are less likely than newcomers to be accepting of migrants.
The United Nations' 2030 vision for "peaceful, just and inclusive societies" includes migrants. The data reveal some countries are light-years away from realizing this vision, with low acceptance of migrants permeating all levels of society.
But with the lightning rod that migration has become in most parts of the world, this will be a challenge even in countries where migrants are more accepted. For example, in the U.S., which is in the top 20 most-accepting countries for migrants, President Donald Trump's campaign pledge to build a wall to curb illegal immigration resonated with enough Americans to help get him elected. And after his election, his executive orders to impose a 90-day ban on issuing new U.S. travel visas for citizens of six predominantly Muslim countries and to stop all refugee resettlement in the U.S. for 120 days found favor among his political base.
In all countries, Gallup finds that people place conditions on their responses. Some percentage of the population in every country says "it depends." But in some places, who these migrants are may factor more heavily into whether they are accepted. For example, in Russia, where the index score is among the lowest in the world, more than 40% of residents say "it depends" to each of the questions.
Future articles will delve deeper into the subjective and objective aspects of people's acceptance of migrants worldwide, offering some potential clues as to what drives their acceptance of migrants -- or lack thereof.
Dr. Anita Pugliese contributed to this analysis.
These results are based on telephone and face-to-face interviews with approximately 1,000 adults, aged 15 and older, conducted throughout 2016 in 138 countries and the U.S. in 2017. In some countries, such as India, Russia and China, sample sizes are much larger, between 2,000 and 4,000 adults. For results based on the total sample of national adults, the margin of sampling error ranges from ±2.1 percentage points to ±5.6 percentage points at the 95% confidence level. All reported margins of sampling error include computed design effects for weighting.
Learn more about how the Gallup World Poll works.
For more complete methodology and specific survey dates, please review Gallup's Country Data Set details.
Gallup's Migrant Acceptance Index
Politics, generally


text:
ALSATIA
The Debtor Sanctuaries of London
English Statutes
1535-6: 27 Henry 8 c.19: An Act limiting an order for sanctuaries and sanctuary persons
1604: 2 James 1 c.25: Repeal of sanctuary laws
1623: 21 James 1 c.28: Abolition of Sanctuary
1696: An Act for the enforcing the Laws which restrain Marriages without Licence or Banns
1697: An act for the more effectual relief of creditors in cases of escapes
1701: 1 Ann 2 c.6: Preventing escapes from the Queen's Bench and the Fleet
1701: An act for the relief of poor prisoners for debt
1704: An act for the discharge of Insolvent debtors
1705: 4 Anne c.17: Fraudulent Bankrupts Act
1705: 6 Anne c.22: An Act Explaining the Bankrupts Frauds Act
1706: 6 Anne c.9: Escape from Prisons
1708: 7 Anne c.12: Diplomatic Privileges Act
1711: 10 Anne c.15: Repealing the description of a bankrupt
1711: 10 Anne c.19: Customs and Excise Act
1712: 10 Anne c.20 / c.29: An Act for Relief of Insolvent Debtors
1719: An Act for the Relief of Insolvent Debtors
1722: The "Black Act"
1723: 9 Geo 1 c. 28: The Southwark Mint Act
1724: 11 George 1 c.21: An Act for the relief of insolvent debtors
1724: The Wapping Mint act
1729: Insolvent Debtors Relief Act
1730: 3 Geo 2 c.27: Act for explaining and amending the 1729 relief act.
1741: 14 George 2 c.34: Continuing debtor acts
1748: 21 George 2 c.33: Continuing laws for the relief of debtors
1753: 26 Geo. 2 c.33: Lord Hardwicke's Marriage Act
1756: 29 George 2 c.18: To obviate a doubt concerning the relief of insolvent debtors
1760: 1 George 3 c.17: Relief of Insolvent Debtors
1761: 2 George 3 c.2: Repeal of compulsion clauses in Relief Act
1786: 26 George 3 c.44: Relief of imprisoned debtors.
1793: 33 George 3 c.5: Renewing the Lords Act of 1758
1805: 45 George 3 c.3: Remedying omissions in the 1804 insolvents relief act.
1812: Amending the 1811 Insolvent Debtors Relief Act
1869: 32 & 33 Victoria c.62: Abolition of Imprisonment for debt
← Sanctuary outside England: Iran
The Minters petition Parliament →
The 1697 'Escape of Debtors' act
Posted on 23/11/2011 by John
I have previously – and only briefly – discussed the 1697 act against the sanctuaries, looking at those places named in it, and their geographical distribution. Below, I present the full text of the statute. The abolition of 'pretended privileged places' is just one clause, number 15, out of 22. The rest of the act concerns the management of the prisons, specifically the Fleet and the King's Bench, the escape of imprisoned debtors, and extortionate practices against prisoners. Certain provisions tacked on the end are made for particular individuals.
Again, as with the other legislation I've transcribed, it's nearly impossible to read. Every clause is a single sentence, every sentence a clause, terms are continually repeated, singulars reinforced with plurals. And that's before considering the archaic and latin terms used. Add to this the need for context – the motivations driving the law, the parliamentary debate around it, the manner of its writing, the whole legal apparatus producing and enforcing it – and the modern reader is at a considerable distance from it. This distance is further increased given the way the laws inter-relate with each other, defining terms, clarifying clauses, repealing some sections, augmenting others. The whole of the law is more than the sum of its statutes.
So this body of texts requires different ways of reading, to bring out the structures, links and patterns embodied within. Laws can be data-mined, to pull out names and locations for example. The vocabulary can be counted, to show stock phrases and unusual occurrences. Texts can be visualized, with 'graphs, maps and trees', to use Franco Moretti's taxonomy. The computer now allows us to do this, although not as easily as one might think. In this way one can read the whole of the law, going beyond the time-consuming, comprehension-limited and mind-melting strictures of turning every page.
My next few posts will look at ways of analyzing the tortured prose below. But as a quick taster, note that the section pertaining to the sanctuaries adds 'she' and 'her' to the list of subjects, as in "he, she or they." Only in this one clause, and then only towards the end, in the parts relating to the aiding, abetting and concealing escapees, are women so specified. From the other legislation I've read, this is quite rare; a quick search has revealed a solitary 'she' in the Black Act §2. Gender in the law is an important question, and one eminently susceptible to the digital techniques as mentioned above.
Note: Spelling has not been modernised; italics and marginalia have been omitted.
8 & 9 William III c.27 An act for the more effectual relief of creditors in cases of escapes, and for preventing abuses in prisons and pretended privileged places.
Whereas by reason of the many grievous extortions and ill practices of such persons who have for several years past respectively executed the offices of marshal of the King's Bench, warden of the Fleet, and keeper of the Marshalsea, Newgate, and other prisons, and by several pretended privileged places within this realm, both creditors and debtors have been notoriously abused, and the good intents on the law wholly eluded: for reformation thereof be it enacted by the King's most excellent majesty, by and with the advice and consent of the lords spiritual and temporal, and commons, in this present parliament assembled, and by the authority of the same, That from and after the first day of May, one thousand six hundred ninety seven, all prisoners, either upon contempt or mesne process, or in execution, who are or shall be committed to the custody of the marshal of the King's bench prison, or the warden of the Fleet, shall be actually detained within the said prisons of the King's Bench and Fleet, or the respective rules of the same, until they shall be from thence discharged by due course of law; and if at any time from and after the said first day of May, the said marshal or warden, or any other keeper or keepers of any prison, shall permit and suffer any prisoner committed to their custody, either on mesne process or in execution, to go or be at large out of the rules of their respective prisons (except by virtue of some writ of Habeas Corpus, or rule of court, which rule of court shall not be granted but by motion made or petition read in open court) every such going or being out of the said rules shall be adjudged and deemed, and is hereby declared to be an escape.
II. And be it further enacted by the authority aforesaid, That from and after the said first day of May, every person or persons obtaining judgement in any action of escape against the said marshal or warden, or their respective lawful deputy or deputies, shall and may have, not only several remedies already by law allowed for obtaining satisfaction thereon, but the judges of the respective courts where such judgement shall be obtained (upon oath before them made by the persons or persons obtaining such judgement, that the same was obtained without fraud or covin, and that the debt of the prisoner making such an escape was a true and real debt and unsatisfied) shall, upon motion made to them in open court for that purpose, sequester the fees and profits of the office of marshall or warden, or so much, or such part or proportion thereof, as the said court wherein such motion shall be made shall think it fit and reasonable, with respect to the debt or debts due from such prisoner or prisoners so escaping, and in the first place apply the same towards satisfaction of the debt or debts due from the prisoner or prisoners who escaped, together with all costs and damages recovered in such action of escape.
III. And to the end that such satisfaction may not be deferred by any writ of error brought for delay only, be it enacted, That if the said marshal or warden, or their respective deputy or deputies, shall at any time after the said first day of May, sue forth any writ or writs of error to reverse any judgment given in any action of escape, such marshal or warden, or their respective deputy of deputies, shall be obliged to put in special bail, or in default thereof no execution shall be stayed, nor any sequestration of the profits delayed.
IV. And whereas it is notorious that divers great sums of money and other rewards have been given to, and actually received by, the several persons executing the respective offices of marshal and warden, and other keepers of the several prisons within this kingdom, to assist or permit prisoners in their custody to escape, in open defiance and contempt of the laws of this realm: for preventing the like evil practices for the time to come, be it further enacted, That if any marshal or warden, or their respective deputy or deputies, or any keeper of any other person within this kingdom, shall take any sum of money, reward or gratuity whatsoever, or security for the same, to procure, assist, connive at, or permit any such escape, and shall thereof be lawfully convicted, the said marshal or warden, or their respective deputy or deputies, or such other keeper of any prisons as aforesaid, shall for every such offence forfeit the sum of five hundred pounds, and his said office, and be for ever after incapable of executing any such office.
V. Provided always, That this act, nor any thing therein contained, shall extend, or be construed to extend to make void such securities, or any of them, as shall at any time or times hereafter be given by any prisoner or prisoners for his or their lodging or lodgings without the aforesaid prisones, or ether of them, within the rules of the said prisons of King's Bench and Fleet, or either of them, so as such security or securities be not taken for the enlargement of any prisoner or prisoners out of or beyond the rules of the said prisons of King's Bench and Fleet, or either of them respectively.
VI. And be it further enacted by the authority aforesaid, That from and after the said first day of May, no retaking on fresh pursuit shall be given in evidence on the trial of any issue in any action of escape against the said marshal or warden, or their respective deputy or deputies, or against any other keeper or keepers of any other prison or prisons as aforesaid, unless the same be specially pleaded, nor shall any special plea be taken, received, or allowed, unless oath can be first made in writing by the marshal or warden, or their respective deputy or deputies, or by such other keeper or keepers of any other prison or prisons as aforesaid, against whom such action shall be brought, and filed in the proper office of the respective courts, that the prisoner for whose escape such action is brought did without his consent, privity, or knowledge make such escape; and if such affidavit shall at any time afterwards appear to be false, and the marshal or warden or other keeper or keepers of any other prison or prisons, shall be convicted thereof by due course of law, such marshal or warden or other keeper or keepers of any other prison or prisons shall forfeit the sum of five hundred pounds.
VII. And be it further enacted and declared by the authority aforesaid, That if at any time after the said first day of May, any prisoner who is or shall be committed in execution to either or any of the said respective prisons, shall escape from thence by any ways or means howsoever, the creditor or creditors, at whose suit such prisoner was charged in execution at the time of his escape, shall or may retake such prisoner by any new Capias, or Capias ad satisfaciendum, or sure forth any other kind of execution on the judgment, as if the body of such prisoner had never been taken in execution.
VIII. And be it further enacted by the authority aforesaid, That if the said marshal or warden for the time being, or their respective deputy or deputies, or other keeper or keepers of any other prison or prisons, shall, after one day's notice in writing given for that purpose, refuse to shew any prisoner committed in execution to the creditor at whose suit such prisoner was committed or charged, or to his attorney, every such refusal shall be adjudged to be an escape in law.
IX. And be it further enacted and declared by the authority aforesaid, That if any person or persons whatsoever, desiring to charge any person with any action or execution, shall desire to be informed by the said marshal or warden, or their respective deputy or deputies, or by any other keeper or keepers of any other prison or prisons, whether such person be a prisoner in his custody, or not, the said marshal or warden, or such other keeper or keepers of any other prison or prisons, shall give a true note in writing thereof to the person so requesting the same, or to his lawful attorney, upon demand at his office for that purpose, or in default thereof shall forfeit the sum of fifty pounds; and if such marshal or warden, or their respective deputy or deputies exercising the said office, or other keeper or keepers of any other prison or prisons, shall give a note in writing that such person is an actual prisoner in her custody, every such note shall be accepted and taken as sufficient evidence that such person was at that time a prisoner in actual custody.
X. And be it further enacted and declared by the authority aforesaid, That on or before the four and twentieth day of June, one thousand six hundred ninety seven, all and every the conveyances, grants, and mortgages of the inheritance of the aforesaid prisons of King's Bench and Fleet, or either of them, and of the prison-houses, lands, tenements, buildings, and other hereditaments to the said prisons of King's Bench and Fleet or either of them respectively belonging, or in any wise appertaining, and all leases thereof, and the respective titles of the marshal of the King's Bench and warden of the Fleet prisons thereunto, or of him or them in whom the inheritance or inheritances of, in, and to the said prisons, and prison-houses, and premises, or either of them, now are, and all trusts and declarations of trusts thereunto, or unto either of them relating, shall be inrolled (viz.) that of the marshal of the King's Bench in the King's Bench court, and that of the warden of the Fleet in the court of Common Pleas at Westminster; and that all future conveyances, grants, and mortgages, of the inheritance of the said prisons of King's Bench and Fleet, or of either of them, or of any part of either of them, and all leases thereof, and all trusts and declarations of trust thereunto or unto either of them relating, shall be so inrolled in the respective courts, as aforesaid, within six months next after the executing of every or any such conveyances, grants, mortgages, or leases, or such trusts or declarations of trusts thereunto or unto either of them relating, or of any of them; and if any such conveyances, grants, or mortgages, of the inheritance of the said prisons of King's Bench or Fleet, or either of them, or of any part of either of them, of any such trusts or declarations of trust thereunto or unto either of them relating, or any leases of the said premisses, be not so inrolled within the times limited as aforesaid, in the said courts respectively, as aforesaid, that then and in such case, as well the present as all future conveyances, grants, and mortgages of every of them, and the inheritance of the said prisons of King's Bench and Fleet, or either of them, or of any part of either of them, and all leases thereof, and all trusts and declarations of trust thereunto, or unto any of them relating, shall be and are hereby declared to be utterly void and of none effect, as if the same had never been executed; any law, statute, or custom, to the contrary thereof in any wise notwithstanding.
XI. And be it further enacted and declared by the authority aforesaid, That from and after the said first day of May, the said offices of marshal of the King's bench prison, and warden of the Fleet, and each of them, shall be executed by the several persons to whom the inheritance of the prisons, prison-houses, lands, tenements, and other hereditaments, of the said prisons of King's Bench and Fleet, or either of them, shall then belong or appertain respectively, in his or their respective proper person or persons, or by his or their sufficient deputy or deputies; for which deputy or deputies, and for all forfeitures, escapes, and other misdemeanors, in their respective offices by such deputy or deputies permitted, suffered, or committed, the said person or persons, in whom the aforesaid inheritances respectively are or shall then be, shall be answerable, and the profits and aforesaid inheritances of the said several offices shall be sequestred, seized, or extended to make satisfaction for such forfeitures, escapes, and misdeameanors respectively, as if permitted, suffered, or committed by the person or persons themselves, or either of them, in whom the respective inheritances of the said prisons shall then be.
XII. And whereas the way of proceeding against the warden of the Fleet prison by bill in the courts of Common Pleas and Exchequer at Westminster is found to be very dilatory; be it further enacted by the authority aforesaid, That from and after the said first day of May, it shall and may be lawful to and for any person or persons, having cause of action against the warden of the Fleet prison, upon bill filed in the said courts of Common Please or Exchequer against the said warden, and a rule being given to plead thereto, to be out eight days at most after filing such bill, to sign judgment against the said warden of the Fleet, unless he plead to the said bill within three days after such rule is out.
XIII. And for the more easy and quick obtaining of judgment against any person or persons who now is or hereafter shall be a prisoner or prisoners in the aforesaid prison of the Fleet; be it further enacted by the authority aforesaid, That from and after the said first day of May, it shall and may be lawful to and for any person or persons, who hath or shall have any cause of action against any prisoner or prisoners, who now is, or are, or hereafter shall be committed to the said prison of the Fleet, after filing or entring of a declaration in such action with the proper officer, to deliver a copy of such declaration or declarations to any such defendant or defendants in any personal action or actions, or to the turnkey or porter of the said Fleet prison, and, after rule given thereupon to plead, to be out at eight days at most after delivery of such copy of declaration or declarations, and affidavit made of such delivery before the lord chief justice, or one other of the justices of the Common Pleas, or before the lord chief baron, or some other of the barons of the coif of the Exchequer at Westminster, of the delivery of such declaration or declarations to the defendant or defendants, in such action or actions, or to the turnkey or porter of the said Fleet prison, as aforesaid, to sign judgment in such action or actions against such defendant or defendants, as if such defendant or defendants had been actually charged at the bar of the Common Pleas or Exchequer with such action or actions; any law, statute, usage, or custom, to the contrary thereof in any wise notwithstanding.
XIV. And whereas great sums of money have been and are still taken of the prisoners of the aforesaid prisons of King's Bench and Fleet, and other prisons, under pretence of chamber rent, although the said prisoners have not had the actual possession of any chamber within the said prisons, or any of them; for the avoiding of that inconvenience for the future be it enacted, That from and after the said first day of May, no prisoner or prisoners shall pay, or be compellable to pay any chamber rent for any chamber within either or any of the said prisons, for an longer time than he or they is or are actually in possession of the said chamber or chambers, and that during such time as he or they is or are actually in possession of any such chamber or chambers within either or any of the said prisons as aforesaid, such prisoner or prisoners shall not pay above the sum of two shillings and six pence per week for any such chamber; and if the marshal of the King's Bench prison, warden of the Fleet, or keeper or keepers of any other prison or prisons, as aforesaid, shall take or demand any greater sum or sums of money for the use of such chamber, than the sum of two shillings and six pence per week, he or they so taking or demanding shall in such case, for every such offence, forfeit the sum of twenty pounds.
XV. And for the preventing for the future the many notorious and scandalous practices used in many pretended privileged places in and about the cities of London and Westminster, and borough of Southwark in the county of Surrey, by obstructing the execution of legal process there, and thereby defrauding and cheating great numbers of people of their honest and just debts; be it further enacted by the authority aforesaid, That from and after the said first day of May, it shall and may be lawful for any person or persons, who have or hath any debt or debts, sum or sums of money due or owing to him from any person or persons who now is, or hereafter shall be and reside within the White Friers, Savoy, Salisbury Court, Ram Alley, Mitre Court, Fuller's Rents, Baldwin's Gardens, Montague Close, or the Minories, Mint, Clink, or Deadman's Place, upon legal process taken out against such person or persons, to demand and require the sheriffs of London and Middlesex, head bailiff of the liberty of the duchy of Lancaster, or high sheriff of the county of Surrey, or bailiff of the liberty of the borough of Southwark for the time being (as the case shall require, if the plaintiff think it requisite) or their respective deputy or deputies, officer or officers, to take, and they are hereby enabled respectively to take the Posse Comitatus, or such other power as to him or them or any of them shall seem requisite, and enter the said pretended privileged place, and any or either of them (as the case shall require) and to arrest, and in the case of resistance or refusal to open the doors, to break open any door or doors to arrest such person or persons upon any mesne or other process, extent or execution, or to seize the goods of any such person or persons upon any execution or extent; and if the said sheriff or sheriffs, head bailiff, or their deputy or deputies, officer or officers, or either or any of them shall neglect or refuse (upon such request) with such force to do their best endeavours for the executing of such process, execution or extent, he or they so neglecting or refusing to execute such process, execution or extent, shall forfeit to the plaintiff or plaintiffs in such action the sum of one hundred pounds, to be recovered by action of debt, bill, plaint or information, in which no essoin, protection, or wager of law, or more than one imparlance shall be allowed; and if in the executing of such process, execution or extent, any person or persons shall oppose or resist any such officer or officers, or any of them, or any who shall be aiding or assisting to him, them, or any of them, in the executing of such process, execution or extent, he or they so offending shall, for every time he or they shall so offend, forfeit the sum of fifty pounds, and moreover shall be by some justice of the peace committed to the common gaol of such county, city or place where such offence shall be committed, there to remain without bail or mainprize until the next assizes, sessions of oyer and terminer, and general gaol delivery, to be held for such county, city or place; and such offender or offenders being of such offence or offences duly convicted, every such offender shall suffer and undergo such imprisonment, and be set in the pillory, as the court where such conviction shall be shall think fit; and if any rescous shall be made of any prisoner taken by any such officer or officers as aforesaid, upon any such process, execution or extent, within the limits of any the before mentioned pretended privileged places, by any person or persons whatsoever, such person or persons so making such rescous, or aiding, assisting or abetting the same, and being thereof lawfully convicted, shall respectively forfeit to the plaintiff in any such action the sum of five hundred pounds, to be recovered by action of debt, bill, plaint or information, in any of his Majesty's courts at Westminster, in which action, bill, plaint or information, no essoin, privilege, protection, wager of law, or more than one imparlance shall be allowed; and if after such recovery had against any person or persons for such rescous, or for aiding, assisting or abetting the same, the person or persons against whom such recovery shall be had, shall refuse or neglect to pay to the plaintiff in such action, or to his, her or their executors, administrators or assigns, the sum or sums of money recovered, with full costs of suit, within one month after judgment signed upon such recovery, and demand made, that then the person or persons so refusing or neglecting as aforesaid, upon producing a copy of the judgment upon which such recovery shall be had, and oath made that the money recovered is not paid, shall, by order of such court wherein the said person or persons was or were so convicted, of or for any suit rescous, or for aiding, assisting or abetting the same, be transported by the sheriff or sheriffs of the county, city or place where such conviction shall happen to be, to one of his Majesty's plantations beyond the seas, there to remain for the space of seven years; and if the person or persons so transported, shall return again to this kingdom within the space of seven years, he, she or they so returning, shall be and is hereby adjudged guilty of felony, and shall not be allowed the benefit of clergy, but shall suffer and forfeit as in cases of felony where clergy is not allowed; and if any person or persons, inhabiting within either or any of the aforesaid pretended privileged places, shall receive, conceal or harbour any person or persons, who shall have made any rescous as aforesaid, he, she or they so receiving, concealing or harbouring any such person or persons, knowing or having had notice that such person or persons had been guilty of such offence, being thereof convicted by due course of law, shall be, by order of that court where such conviction shall happen to be, by the sheriff or sheriffs of the county, city of place where the offence was committed, transported to some or one of his Majesty's plantations beyond the seas, there to remain for the space of seven years, unless such person or persons shall, within the space of one month next after such conviction, pay to the plaintiff or plaintiffs in such action or suit, the full debt or duty for which such action or suit was brought, with full costs; and if he, she or they shall return into this kingdom within the said space of seven years, he, she or they so returning, shall be and is hereby adjudged guilty of felony, and shall not be allowed the benefit of clergy, but shall suffer and forfeit as in cases of felony, where clergy is not allowed.
XVI. And be it further enacted, That the several penalties before in and by this act inflicted, and not particularly disposed of, shall go one half to his Majesty, his heirs and successors, and the other half to him or them that will sue for the same, to be recovered as aforesaid.
XVII. And for the prevention of disputes touching this act, be it enacted by the authority aforesaid, That the same, and every clause and thing therein contained, shall be deemed, adjudged, and taken to be a general law, and that it shall not be needful to shew or set forth the same or any clause thereof in pleading, and that the same, and all clauses therein, shall be construed most largely and beneficially for the preventing of all the mischiefs, abuses, escapes, and other inconveniences herein provided against; and further, that if any person or persons shall at any time be sued for putting in execution any power or authority given by this act, such person and persons shall and may plead the general issue, and give in evidence this act, and the special matter; and if the plaintiff or plaintiffs in such action shall be nonsuit, or a verdict given for a defendant or defendants, or if the plaintiff or plaintiffs discontinue their action, or if upon demurrer judgment shall be given for the defendant or defendants, every such defendant or defendants shall have his or their double costs.
XVIII. Saving unto Martha Johnson widow, Thomas Johnson, and John Johnson, sons of the said Martha, and Frances her daughter, their heirs, executors, administrators and assigns, all such right, title, estate, equity, interest and demand, as she or they now have, or shall or may have, challenge or claim, of, in or unto all or any of the houses and shops belonging to the office of the warden of the Fleet, or to the prison of the Fleet, herein before contained, as fully and effectually, to all intents and purposes, as she or they had before the making of this act, as if this act had never been had or made.
XIX. Provided nevertheless, That nothing in this act contained shall extend to prejudice, impeach, or lessen any security or securities for any sum or sums of money made or given, by or out of the said office of marshal of the Marshalsea of the couret of King's bench, or the profits thereof, by William Lenthall esquire, to Sir John Cutler baronet deceased, or to Edmund Boulter esquire, executor of the said Sir John Cutler, or to any other person or persons in trust for them or either of them, or to subject the said office, or the profits thereof, or the person or persons in whom the same are or shall be vested, to any of the forfeitures or penalties in this act contained, other than such as they are or may be liable unto before the making of this act, until such sum or sums of money, secured thereby, shall be fully satisfied and paid; any thing in this act contained to the contrary thereof notwithstanding.
XX. Saving unto Anthony Smith mariner, his heirs, executors, administrators and assigns, all such right, title, estate, equity, interest and demand, as he or they now have, or shall or may have, challenge or claim, of, in or unto the office of the warden of the Fleet, or the prison of the Fleet, or all or any of the houses and shops belonging to the office of warden of the Fleet, or to the prison of the Fleet, or herein before contained (by virtue of two decrees in Chancery, the one of them made the two and twentieth day of June, one thousand six hundred eighty three, and the other of them the six and twentieth day of January, one thousand six hundred eighty five, whereby four hundred twenty five pounds, and the interest thereof, was and is decreed to be paid to the said Anthony Smith out of the said office, houses, shops and appurtenances, after a mortgage made thereof by Thomas Bromhall unto Henry Norwood esquire was satisfied) as fully and effectually to all intents and purposes, as he or they had before the making of this act, and as if this act had never been had or made.
XXI. Provided nevertheless, That nothing in this act contained shall be deemed, construed or adjudged to take away, lessen, charge or prejudice the right, title or interest of Thomas Norwood, surviving executor of Henry Norwood, as for, touching or concerning a debt of two thousand one hundred fifty and three pounds, and interest, secured to the said Henry Norwood, by virtue of a mortgage of the office of warden of the Fleet prison, bearing date the twenty third day of November, in the year of our Lord one thousand six hundred seventy and six, or so much thereof as is justly due thereupon; nor to take away, lessen or prejudice the right, title or interest of John Clements of the Middle Temple, London, gentleman, as for, touching or concerning a debt of two thousand two hundred ninety nine pounds, and interest, secured to the said John Clement, in trust for himself and others, by virtue of a mortgage of the said office of warden, bearing date the third of May, one thousand six hundred seventy and eight, or so much thereof as is justly due thereupon.
XXII. And be it further enacted and declared by the authority aforesaid, That all and every deputation or deputations, grant or grants, at any time heretofore made or executed by William Lenthall esquire, of the said office of marshal of the Marshalsea of the said court of King's Bench, is and are hereby declared void and of none effect; and that all and every succeeding marshal shall from time to time, and at all times hereafter, be constituted and appointed by the said William Lenthall, his heirs and assigns, by and with the consent in writing under the hand and seal of Edmund Boulter esquire, his executors, administrators and assigns, until the debt owing by the said William Lenthall to the said Edmund Boulter, executor of Sir John Cutler baronet deceased, be satisfied.
Source: Pickering, Danby, ed., The Statutes at Large, vol. 10.
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