Does Nigeria's 'generation democracy' want to vote?
Nigeria's first presidential election with a generation of voters who have only known democracy takes place next weekend.
Up until 20 years ago, the country was led by a succession of military rulers or short-lived civilian administrations.
When it comes to the elections, I did register to vote. But I won't lie, the registration process was so stressful, and we had to wait for two days to get the card.
If it was up to me, I wouldn't have gone through the process, but people said that I needed to get the card to use it as an ID card.
It's not that I'm not interested in politics but I would just say Nigerian politics is messed up. To me, I just feel like it's not sincere. At the end of the day we all know who's going to win, so what's the use of voting? It's not that your vote really counts.
Everything is just in a mess, we just need God's intervention.
I am an artist - I discovered that I could draw because I fell in love with a girl at school.
I was trying to impress her and every day I would go to school with a new portrait of her. At the end of the day, she didn't fall in love with me but I still had the talent.
As I get older, I want to be someone who speaks for my people through my art.
I didn't register to take part in the election as I'm worried about violence. No-one is talking about it, but there is tension. I don't want to vote because I hate something that might cause a fight.
Are we really practising democracy in Nigeria? I don't know what to say, but I don't think so. If we were practising democracy then there should be rules and regulations that people abide by.
But I don't want military rule. I just want betterment for this country, not all this grab, grab, grab. It should be about showing your talents.
And there are many things that need fixing. For example, for a long time there are places where the roads are bad. And also electricity, like in the place where I'm staying - they should bring light there.
I am a fashion designer but I also help my aunt to sell groundnuts. I've finished school and I hope to study mass communication, but I'm struggling to get into university with the little money that I have.
I am an orphan - my mum died in 2013 of a terrible illness and my dad died in 2005 - so they can't support me.
It's important for me to take part in the election, to help get a good leader for the nation. To know the kind of person we are voting for, that will help us and give us a caring nation.
By not voting you're not helping the nation. We have to come together and make our nation proud and strong.
In this life, education is the key and I would like the government to pay our lecturers more and provide better equipment. There should also be better transportation and roads, good enough for vehicles and for people to walk along.
I prefer democracy to military rule as we have the right to speak our mind and talk about what's bothering us.
If I was the president, I would make sure that corruption is finished in Nigeria, because people are always shouting "corruption, corruption, corruption".
I help my dad in the gold trading business. It's a good business, which has paid for school fees and food for me and my eight siblings.
I'm now done with my secondary school, and I'd like to go to university to study zoology.
I wanted to register to vote to get the ID card but I didn't have the time. We start work at 07.30 and we close at 21:00 and I couldn't say to the boss that I wanted to go.
But even if I had registered I wouldn't vote. There might be a fight afterwards and I don't want a fight. They'd be shooting guns, taking out cutlasses and I don't like that.
I don't know anything about the people in charge, but I don't think the president does any work. Look at how much things cost.
At one time if I wanted to buy a cup of rice it was 40 naira ($0.11; £0.09) - now it's 80 naira. The money that used to buy two cups, now buys one cup. What has the president been doing?
I want everything to cost less like before. As an apprentice furniture maker I get 1,100 naira ($3; £2.30) a week.
Also, there is no regular electricity. Since morning we haven't had power and nothing is working.
I'd like to continue my schooling and learn technical engineering, but I don't have the money. My dad is a fisherman and my mum is a trader and they can't pay to support me.
I actually wanted to vote at first and went to register. But at the registration centre we had to spend hours waiting, waiting, waiting, and then we heard that the person responsible had not turned up.
We were told to come another day and I got annoyed as I have a lot of things to do. I ended up abandoning efforts to get a voter's card.
When I think about our leaders, I'm not saying they're bad, but one thing I've noticed is that they don't really listen to what the people have to say.
These are the people that they are leading and they should be concerned about our affairs. There's been no water in my house for months, but who are we going to tell?
The most popular definition of democracy is "the government of the people, for the people and by the people". But when we give this definition, it's obvious that even the government doesn't follow it.
It is supposed to be "the government of the people", but who are the people? The people are suffering.
I love democracy since it has to do with the people. It's about "we", it's not about the military imposing things on people saying: "You do this, you do this".
I didn't register to vote. I wanted to but I was so busy with work that I couldn't make the time. I want to join the air force and at the moment I'm just focusing on that application.
All I want is for this country to be better. I'm a bit scared of the election and in the past I have heard that there have been killings.
I don't really know about politics. I do think it's important to be involved but I'm just not ready yet. There are a lot of things to change. Corruption is very, very bad and there's poverty and hunger, and we want better jobs. But I don't know how to solve these things.
I started as a laundry girl last year after finishing secondary school. I don't do the washing, my job is to collect the dirty clothes and deliver the clean ones.
I make 15,000 naira ($41; £32) a month. It's not enough, but I have to keep on going.
I'd like to join the air force because I want to be proud of myself. I love the uniform and there is respect. I pray to God that it works out.
I didn't go and register to vote. I'm not interested in politics. For me it's all about the business and making money. Now I need money to build my business, that's it.
I hear about the election and I hear about the voting but at the end of the day it has already been decided who will win.
This country needs more and better jobs. There are so many graduates without work and something should be done for them.
I don't know anything about the time of military rule. I don't believe in history, I believe in tomorrow.
At the moment, I'm an apprentice, but after six years my boss will set me up with my own shop. What I earn is enough for me.
I hope that in 10 years' time, by God's grace, I will have what I need. I would like to be able to help the younger ones, if there is any way I can help I will do it.
I registered to vote and the process was good, everything went smoothly, and I'm going to vote.
People talk about the problems but I think the economy of Nigeria is good. There is no country that hasn't had problems. I went to Cotonou in Benin last week and I saw over there that they have issues. And I can see on my phone that there is a problem in Togo.
So all we need is to be praying for the economy to be better and everything's going to be good.
I think the president has been trying to get rid of the bad things in Nigeria. For example, the anti-corruption people are getting back stolen money.
My cloth dyeing business is going fine and I make about 10,000 naira ($28; £21) a week. I was born into this and have been working here since primary school.
When someone is working they are not going to suffer. In Nigeria, some of the youths don't want to work, and because they don't want to work, they get involved in things like internet fraud.
The only thing is to work and move closer to God.


LSMSA | Apply for a one-week scholarship to attend Summer @LSMSA.
The 2019 Summer @LSMSA Scholarship Contest has come to a close! We were thrilled with the submissions and enjoyed reading the interesting and creative solutions of our future campers! It was a very close contest, and we want to commend all of the students who turned in essays.
Due to the quality and number of submissions this year, we decided to include a third tier to our awards: Full Scholarship, Partial Scholarship, and Honorable Mention Winners! Full Scholarship winners will receive a full scholarship to attend one week of camp. Partial Scholarship winners will receive a $200 scholarship to attend one week of camp, and Honorable Mentions will receive a $100 scholarship to attend camp. Thank you to everyone who participated in the 2019 essay contest!
Alexander DunnMiller, 8th, Natchitoches Junior High - "The Epic of a Social Recluse"
Dorothy Flood, 7th, Messiah Montessori School - "Let's Hit the Rewind Button - Putting Cameras in Classrooms"
Aanya Wilton, 7th, Southfield School - "My Sixth Grade Romance"
Aurora Bauer, 6th, Rosepine Elementary School - "Parallax"
Sarah Green, 7th, JB Martin Middle School - "Memorandum: New Official Start Times"
Elise Ramcourt, 8th, Immaculate Conception Cathedral School - "Elise Ramcourt: Uploaded"
Raiyne Brant, 8th, Fontainebleau Junior High - "If I Were the Prinicpal"
Keara Nelson, 7th, NSU Middle Lab - "We Will Rise Together"
Quinlan Ross, 7th, Hyattsville Middle School - "A World Without the Web"
Below are the topics for our 2019 essay contest. Prospective campers should pick one topic and submit a creative and well-thought-out argumentative essay for an opportunity to win a one-week scholarship to attend our camp.
1. Congratulations! As of today, you are now the principal of your school. What one rule would you put in place or take away as your first order of business? Why is this change important to you, and what benefit does it serve for the school? How would this action improve the quality of life or instruction for students?
2. In an effort to maintain their ever-expanding documentary lineup, Netflix has chosen to make a movie about your life. What ordinary moments would you choose to include in a video about your life? What will viewers remember about your film? How will people describe your character, the setting, and the plot?
3. Imagine you live in a parallel universe where the internet and smart phones have not yet been invented. How would you spend a week without technology? What would you do with your free time? How does the absence of technology affect your everyday life?
In a word processing document, please choose one of the topics above and submit a well-prepared essay.
Essays will be judged on creativity, composition, and clarity by a committee of LSMSA Faculty.
Email your essay to summer@LSMSA.edu by March 1, 2019.
The Summer @LSMSA Scholarship covers the $425 ($399 ER) registration cost for an overnight camper or the $325 ($299 ER) registration cost for a day camper. This includes all meals, activities, course materials, and lodging (if applicable). It does not cover additional snacks or merchandise purchased during camp.
Scholarships are awarded using any available funds from the previous year.
All prospective campers are invited to apply for one of our available scholarships.
Does this register me for camp?
No. You must still complete the registration form. If you have already completed registration and are awarded a scholarship, you will receive a reimbursement for your registration fee.
Will I get the week I want?
We will make every effort to place you in to the session and courses you want, but unfortunately, space is limited and available spots fill quickly. If you are already registered for a specific week of camp, this does not apply.
All entries should be submitted by March 1.


Download the INDOTH-80270313-0082.EXE file to a temporary or download directory (please note this directory for reference).
Go to the directory where the file was downloaded and double-click the INDOTH-80270313-0082.EXE file to begin the installation.
At the "Intel SATA Driver HIPM Disable Registry Patch Ver.120719" screen, click "Next".
The installation of the Intel SATA Driver HIPM Disable Registry Patch is complete.


Eid al-Adha is a public holiday in places such as Indonesia, Jordan, Malaysia, Turkey, and the United Arab Emirates.
Eid al-Adha also called the "Festival of Sacrifice", is the second of two Islamic holidays celebrated worldwide each year, and considered the holder of the two.
It honors the willingness of Ibrahim (Abraham) to sacrifice his son as an act of obedience to God's command. Before Abraham could sacrifice his son, God provided a ram to sacrifice instead. In commemoration of this, an animal is sacrificed and divided into three parts: one-third of the share is given to the poor and needy; another third is given to relatives, friends, and neighbors; and the remaining third is retained by the family.
In the Islamic lunar calendar, Eid al-Adha falls on the 10th day of Dhu al-Hijjah. In the international (Gregorian) calendar, the dates vary from year to year drifting approximately 11 days earlier each year. Eid al-Adha is the latter of the two Eid holidays, the former being Eid al-Fitr.
Eid al-Adha is an Islamic festival to commemorate the willingness of Ibrahim (also known as Abraham) to follow Allah's (God's) command to sacrifice his son. Muslims around the world observe this event.
At Eid al-Adha many Muslims make a special effort to pray and listen to a sermon at a mosque. They also wear new clothes, visit family members and friends and may symbolically sacrifice an animal in an act known as qurbani. This represents the animal that Ibrahim sacrificed in the place of his son.
In some traditionally Muslim countries, families or groups of families may purchase an animal known as udhiya, usually a goat or sheep, to sacrifice, but this is not common or legal in many parts of Australia, Canada, New Zealand, the United Kingdom, the United States or many other countries.
In these countries, groups of people may purchase a whole carcass from a butcher or slaughterhouse and divide it amongst themselves or just buy generous portions of meat for a communal meal on Eid-al-Adha. People also give money to enable poorer members of their local community and around the world to eat a meat-based meal.
In the period around Eid al-Adha many Muslims travel to Mecca and the surrounding area in Saudi Arabia to perform the Hajj pilgrimage. Package holidays are organized from many countries. Muslims may plan and save for many years to enable them to take part in this event, which is one of the five pillars of Islam.
It is not a nationwide public holiday in countries such as Australia, Canada, the United Kingdom or the United States. However, some Islamic organizations may be closed or offer a reduced level of service and there may be some local congestion around mosques in countries where Eid al-Adha is not a public holiday.
Oscars 2019: Alia Bhatt's Raazi, Deepika Padukone's Padmaavat to be India's official entries?


text:
Q: How to pass entered input value from child to parent component in react native I have a InputField component which I have to use many times in other parent components. Now what I want is to pass the user's entered email and password to Login(parent) component. This is what I did,
Inputfield.js
const InputField = ({
  isIcon = false,
  secureTextEntry = false,
  placeholder,
  onFieldChange
  }) => {
  const [isActive, setIsActive] = useState(false);
  const [fieldText, setFieldText] = useState("");

  return (
    <View
      style={{
        ...styles.container,
        borderColor: isActive ? "blue" : "#efefef",
      }}>
      {isIcon ? (
        <Feather
          name="search"
          size={24}
          color={isActive ? "blue" : "black"}
          style={styles.searchIcon}
        />
      ) : null}
      <TextInput
        style={styles.input}
        value={fieldText}
        onChangeText={(text) => {
          setFieldText(text);
          onFieldChange(!secureTextEntry, text);
        }}
        onFocus={() => {
          setIsActive(true);
        }}
        placeholder={placeholder}
        autoCorrect={false}
        selectionColor={"blue"}
        secureTextEntry={secureTextEntry}
      />
    </View>
  );
};

Login.js
const Login = () => {
  const [user, setUser] = useState({ email: null, password: null });

  const onUserChange = (email, text) => {
    setUser(email ? { email: text, ...user } : { ...user, password: text };
  });

  const handleLogin = async () => {
    try {
      const res = await axios.post("http://192.168.1.40:8000/login", user);
      console.log("got login response", res.data);
    } catch (error) {
      console.log("Post failed", error.message);
    }
  };

  const [isFontLoaded] = useFonts({ Arapey_400Regular_Italic });

  if (!isFontLoaded) return <AppLoading />;

  return (
    <View style={styles.login}>
      <BackgroundImageEffect />
      <View
        style={{
          alignSelf: "flex-start",
          position: "absolute",
          top: variables.DIMENSIONS.height / 4,
          left: 15,
        }}>
        <Text
          style={{
            fontSize: 50,
            fontFamily: "Arapey_400Regular_Italic",
            color: "blue",
          }}>
          Login
        </Text>
        <View style={{ borderWidth: 1, borderColor: "blue" }}></View>
      </View>
      <View style={styles.form}>
        <View style={{ marginVertical: 10 }}>
          <InputField
            placeholder="Email or Phone"
            onFieldChange={onUserChange}
          />
        </View>
        <View style={{ marginVertical: 10 }}>
          <InputField
            placeholder="Password"
            onFieldChange={onUserChange}
            secureTextEntry={true}
          />
        </View>
        <View
          style={{ width: "50%", alignSelf: "flex-end", marginVertical: 10 }}>
          <TouchableHighlight
            style={{
              width: "100%",
              backgroundColor: "blue",
              borderRadius: 20,
              height: 40,
              justifyContent: "center",
            }}
            activeOpacity={0.3}
            underlayColor="efefef"
            onPress={() => handleLogin()}>
            <Text
              style={{
                color: "white",
                fontFamily: "Arapey_400Regular_Italic",
                fontSize: 24,
                textAlign: "center",
              }}>
              Login
            </Text>
          </TouchableHighlight>
        </View>
      </View>
    </View>
  );
};

When I send the request using Postman, server responds correctly. But after pressing login button with the same request body login fails. That means there is something wrong while setting the user. So, What is the best way to pass that entered details to parent component?

A: This is a very simple matter.
It is an error in the Spread syntax.
about Spread syntax of MDN document
you can change this
 const onUserChange = (email, text) => {
    setUser(email ? { ...user, email: text } : { ...user, password: text };
  })

A: To do this, you basically need:
1- To create a method that accepts a value and do something with it in the parent component.
2- Then pass that same method as props to the child component.
3- After that, inside the child component you pass in the email as an argument to the method sent from the parent.
Here's an example:
const ParentComponent = () => {
   const [email, setEmail] = useState("");

   // Step 1 create method that does something
   const emailHandler = (email) => {
      setEmail(email);
   }

   return (
      <View>
         // Step 2 pass the method as props to child
         <ChildComponent onEmail={emailHandler} />
      </View>
   )
}

Now for the ChildComponent
const ChildComponent = (props) => {
...
...

   // Step 3 pass the email you got from the input to the parent's method
   const emailChangeHandler = () => {
      props.onEmail(email);
   }

   return (
      <View>
         <TextInput onChange={emailChangeHandler} />
      </View>
   )
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Sports-related workload and injury risk: simply knowing the risks will not prevent injuries: Narrative review
Michael K Drew1,2,
Jill Cook2,3,
http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1711-1930Caroline F Finch2
1Department of Physical Therapies, Australian Institute of Sport, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
2Australian Collaboration for Research into Injury in Sport and its Prevention (ACRISP), Federation University Australia, Ballarat, Victoria, Australia
3La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
Correspondence to Michael K Drew, Department of Physical Therapies, Australian Institute of Sport, Leverrier Cr, Bruce, ACT 2614, Australia; Michael.drew{at}ausport.gov.au
Training loads contribute to sports injury risk but their mitigation has rarely been considered in a sports injury prevention framework. A key concept behind monitoring training loads for injury prevention is to screen for those at increased risk of injury so that workloads can be adjusted to minimise these risks. This review describes how advances in management of workload can be applied as a preventive measure. Primary prevention involves screening for preparticipation load risk factors, such as low training loads, prior to a training period or competition. Secondary prevention involves screening for workloads that are known to precede an injury developing so that modification can be undertaken to mitigate this risk. Tertiary prevention involves rehabilitation practices that include a graded return to training programme to reduce the risk of sustaining a subsequent injury. The association of training loads with injury incidence is now established. Prevention measures such as rule changes that affect the workload of an athlete are universal whereas those that address risk factors of an asymptomatic subgroup are more selective. Prevention measures, when implemented for asymptomatic individuals exhibiting possible injury risk factors, are indicated for an athlete at risk of developing a sports injury. Seven key indicated risks and associated prevention measures are proposed.
Sporting injuries
Twitter Follow Michael Drew at @_mickdrew and Caroline Finch at @CarolineFinch
Funding MKD was supported by the Australian Institute of Sport. CFF was supported by a National Health and Medical Research Council (of Australia) Principal Research Fellowship (ID: 1058737). JC was supported by an National Health and Medical Research Council (of Australia) Practitioner Fellowship (ID:1048593). The Australian Collaboration for Research into Injury in Sport and its Prevention (ACRISP) is one of the International Research Centres for Prevention of Injury and Protection of Athlete Health supported by the IOC.
Collaboration, consensus and consideration
Eleanor J Tillett
British Journal of Sports Medicine 2016; 50 1289-1289 Published Online First: 18 Oct 2016. doi: 10.1136/bjsports-2016-096960

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Continuous non-cell autonomous reprogramming to generate retinal ganglion cells for glaucomatous neuropathy
Sowmya Parameswaran, Shashank Manohar Dravid, Pooja Teotia, Raghu R. Krishnamoorthy, Fang Qiu, Carol Toris, John Morrison, Iqbal Ahmad
Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience
Glaucoma, where the retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) carrying the visual signals from the retina to the visual centers in the brain are progressively lost, is the most common cause of irreversible blindness. The management approaches, whether surgical, pharmacological, or neuroprotective do not reverse the degenerative changes. The stem cell approach to replace dead RGCs is a viable option but currently faces several barriers, such as the lack of a renewable, safe, and ethical source of RGCs that are functional and could establish contacts with bona fide targets. To address these barriers, we have derived RGCs from the easily accessible adult limbal cells, reprogrammed to pluripotency by a non-nucleic acid approach, thus circumventing the risk of insertional mutagenesis. The generation of RGCs from the induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells, also accomplished non-cell autonomously, recapitulated the developmental mechanism, ensuring the predictability and stability of the acquired phenotype, comparable to that of native RGCs at biochemical, molecular, and functional levels. More importantly, the induced RGCs expressed axonal guidance molecules and demonstrated the potential to establish contacts with specific targets. Furthermore, when transplanted in the rat model of ocular hypertension, these cells incorporated into the host RGC layer and expressed RGC-specific markers. Transplantation of these cells in immune-deficient mice did not produce tumors. Together, our results posit retinal progenitors generated from non-nucleic acid-derived iPS cells as a safe and robust source of RGCs for replacing dead RGCs in glaucoma.
https://doi.org/10.1002/stem.1987
10.1002/stem.1987
Dive into the research topics of 'Continuous non-cell autonomous reprogramming to generate retinal ganglion cells for glaucomatous neuropathy'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.
Retinal Ganglion Cells Medicine & Life Sciences 100%
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Medicine & Life Sciences 17%
Glaucoma Medicine & Life Sciences 15%
Ocular Hypertension Medicine & Life Sciences 9%
Insertional Mutagenesis Medicine & Life Sciences 9%
Cell Transplantation Medicine & Life Sciences 8%
Blindness Medicine & Life Sciences 8%
Parameswaran, S., Dravid, S. M., Teotia, P., Krishnamoorthy, R. R., Qiu, F., Toris, C., Morrison, J., & Ahmad, I. (2015). Continuous non-cell autonomous reprogramming to generate retinal ganglion cells for glaucomatous neuropathy. Stem Cells, 33(6), 1743-1758. https://doi.org/10.1002/stem.1987
Continuous non-cell autonomous reprogramming to generate retinal ganglion cells for glaucomatous neuropathy. / Parameswaran, Sowmya; Dravid, Shashank Manohar; Teotia, Pooja et al.
In: Stem Cells, Vol. 33, No. 6, 01.06.2015, p. 1743-1758.
Parameswaran, S, Dravid, SM, Teotia, P, Krishnamoorthy, RR, Qiu, F, Toris, C, Morrison, J & Ahmad, I 2015, 'Continuous non-cell autonomous reprogramming to generate retinal ganglion cells for glaucomatous neuropathy', Stem Cells, vol. 33, no. 6, pp. 1743-1758. https://doi.org/10.1002/stem.1987
Parameswaran S, Dravid SM, Teotia P, Krishnamoorthy RR, Qiu F, Toris C et al. Continuous non-cell autonomous reprogramming to generate retinal ganglion cells for glaucomatous neuropathy. Stem Cells. 2015 Jun 1;33(6):1743-1758. doi: 10.1002/stem.1987
Parameswaran, Sowmya ; Dravid, Shashank Manohar ; Teotia, Pooja et al. / Continuous non-cell autonomous reprogramming to generate retinal ganglion cells for glaucomatous neuropathy. In: Stem Cells. 2015 ; Vol. 33, No. 6. pp. 1743-1758.
@article{5ad17e61d1384fc08939ea84b01bcfde,
title = "Continuous non-cell autonomous reprogramming to generate retinal ganglion cells for glaucomatous neuropathy",
abstract = "Glaucoma, where the retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) carrying the visual signals from the retina to the visual centers in the brain are progressively lost, is the most common cause of irreversible blindness. The management approaches, whether surgical, pharmacological, or neuroprotective do not reverse the degenerative changes. The stem cell approach to replace dead RGCs is a viable option but currently faces several barriers, such as the lack of a renewable, safe, and ethical source of RGCs that are functional and could establish contacts with bona fide targets. To address these barriers, we have derived RGCs from the easily accessible adult limbal cells, reprogrammed to pluripotency by a non-nucleic acid approach, thus circumventing the risk of insertional mutagenesis. The generation of RGCs from the induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells, also accomplished non-cell autonomously, recapitulated the developmental mechanism, ensuring the predictability and stability of the acquired phenotype, comparable to that of native RGCs at biochemical, molecular, and functional levels. More importantly, the induced RGCs expressed axonal guidance molecules and demonstrated the potential to establish contacts with specific targets. Furthermore, when transplanted in the rat model of ocular hypertension, these cells incorporated into the host RGC layer and expressed RGC-specific markers. Transplantation of these cells in immune-deficient mice did not produce tumors. Together, our results posit retinal progenitors generated from non-nucleic acid-derived iPS cells as a safe and robust source of RGCs for replacing dead RGCs in glaucoma.",
author = "Sowmya Parameswaran and Dravid, {Shashank Manohar} and Pooja Teotia and Krishnamoorthy, {Raghu R.} and Fang Qiu and Carol Toris and John Morrison and Iqbal Ahmad",
note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2015 AlphaMed Press.",
doi = "10.1002/stem.1987",
journal = "Stem Cells",
publisher = "AlphaMed Press",
T1 - Continuous non-cell autonomous reprogramming to generate retinal ganglion cells for glaucomatous neuropathy
AU - Parameswaran, Sowmya
AU - Dravid, Shashank Manohar
AU - Teotia, Pooja
AU - Krishnamoorthy, Raghu R.
AU - Qiu, Fang
AU - Toris, Carol
AU - Morrison, John
AU - Ahmad, Iqbal
N1 - Publisher Copyright: © 2015 AlphaMed Press.
N2 - Glaucoma, where the retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) carrying the visual signals from the retina to the visual centers in the brain are progressively lost, is the most common cause of irreversible blindness. The management approaches, whether surgical, pharmacological, or neuroprotective do not reverse the degenerative changes. The stem cell approach to replace dead RGCs is a viable option but currently faces several barriers, such as the lack of a renewable, safe, and ethical source of RGCs that are functional and could establish contacts with bona fide targets. To address these barriers, we have derived RGCs from the easily accessible adult limbal cells, reprogrammed to pluripotency by a non-nucleic acid approach, thus circumventing the risk of insertional mutagenesis. The generation of RGCs from the induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells, also accomplished non-cell autonomously, recapitulated the developmental mechanism, ensuring the predictability and stability of the acquired phenotype, comparable to that of native RGCs at biochemical, molecular, and functional levels. More importantly, the induced RGCs expressed axonal guidance molecules and demonstrated the potential to establish contacts with specific targets. Furthermore, when transplanted in the rat model of ocular hypertension, these cells incorporated into the host RGC layer and expressed RGC-specific markers. Transplantation of these cells in immune-deficient mice did not produce tumors. Together, our results posit retinal progenitors generated from non-nucleic acid-derived iPS cells as a safe and robust source of RGCs for replacing dead RGCs in glaucoma.
AB - Glaucoma, where the retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) carrying the visual signals from the retina to the visual centers in the brain are progressively lost, is the most common cause of irreversible blindness. The management approaches, whether surgical, pharmacological, or neuroprotective do not reverse the degenerative changes. The stem cell approach to replace dead RGCs is a viable option but currently faces several barriers, such as the lack of a renewable, safe, and ethical source of RGCs that are functional and could establish contacts with bona fide targets. To address these barriers, we have derived RGCs from the easily accessible adult limbal cells, reprogrammed to pluripotency by a non-nucleic acid approach, thus circumventing the risk of insertional mutagenesis. The generation of RGCs from the induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells, also accomplished non-cell autonomously, recapitulated the developmental mechanism, ensuring the predictability and stability of the acquired phenotype, comparable to that of native RGCs at biochemical, molecular, and functional levels. More importantly, the induced RGCs expressed axonal guidance molecules and demonstrated the potential to establish contacts with specific targets. Furthermore, when transplanted in the rat model of ocular hypertension, these cells incorporated into the host RGC layer and expressed RGC-specific markers. Transplantation of these cells in immune-deficient mice did not produce tumors. Together, our results posit retinal progenitors generated from non-nucleic acid-derived iPS cells as a safe and robust source of RGCs for replacing dead RGCs in glaucoma.
U2 - 10.1002/stem.1987
DO - 10.1002/stem.1987
JO - Stem Cells
JF - Stem Cells


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Asia / 30-01-15 / by Shannon Manders
Comments Off on Risky business
Growth in cross-border trade, coupled with an increased incidence of natural disasters and adverse events, has left many Asian corporates more aware if the operational risks to their business.
Recent catastrophic natural disasters, political unrest in certain countries and concerns over the crisis in the eurozone have made corporates more aware of the need for effective risk management across their businesses – and Asian companies are no exception.
Increasingly, they are recognising the need to guard against risks associated with trading in a more difficult economic and financial climate globally, as well as the operational risks inherent in their own international and regional supply chains.
"When you talk about the risks faced by Asian companies, apart from operational risk, today the biggest risks are market risk, credit risk and settlement risk," says Joseph Sum, head of corporate trade product for APAC at Bank of America Merrill Lynch (BofAML). He identifies market risks associated with the global economy, the slower than expected recovery of the US economy and foreign exchange risks as very pertinent to Asian exporters.
"From a seller's risk perspective, the biggest risk is usually still the risk that he will not be paid. This credit risk will affect liquidity and subsequently have a big impact on operations."
However, strong growth in intra-Asia trade flows is helping to alleviate some of these concerns, says Ken Stratton, managing director and global head of sales, global transaction services (GTS) at DBS.
"Traditionally, Asia has been very susceptible to adverse economic events in regions such as the US and Europe. However, because of the transformation taking place in Asia – and China and India in particular – we have seen significant growth in intra-regional trade flows," he says. "While trade relations with the US and Europe remain important, these intra-Asian trade flows are currently offsetting a drop-off in trade flows with Europe and the US."
Operational risks
For many Asian corporates, the importance of managing operational risks has been accentuated in recent years by the growing scale and complexity of their own supply chains, which now span multiple markets.
"To really optimise an international physical supply chain, companies had to expand the network of supply chain participants which naturally increased the complexity of, and risks within, the supply chain," says Simon Constantinides, regional head of trade and supply chain, Asia Pacific at HSBC.
Meanwhile, Jonathan Heuser, head of corporate trade advisory and solutions delivery, Asia Pacific at JP Morgan treasury services, explains that growth in intra-Asian trade has added to the complexity of supply chains, which are no longer focused on the creation and delivery of goods for western markets.
"Many Asian companies are now experiencing ongoing changes in their supply chains in terms of both the consumer markets they serve and the markets from which inputs are sourced," he says, noting that this development calls for higher level, strategic supply chain management.
"In the past, many companies relied on the arbitrage achieved by low-cost sourcing; they would source in a low-cost country and sell into a higher cost market. But their models here are also changing. China, for example, is an evolving story on two fronts: it is an increasingly important consumer market and, on the supply side, can no longer be seen as competing only as a low cost provider."
The increased incidence of both geological and hydrological disasters in the Asia Pacific region has also increased awareness of operational risks.
Kuresh Sarjan, head of Asia trade and supply chain at Bank of America Merrill Lynch, explains that crisis events and disasters experienced in the region over the last year alone have brought supply chain risks to the fore.
"In terms of operational risks, this has been a year like no other with the tsunami in Japan and the flooding in Australia and New Zealand bringing into question the just-in-time model that many Japanese companies follow," he says.
"The flooding in Queensland set back iron ore shipments in the first half of 2011. When companies become exposed to events like this, they do start to look more closely at how their supply chains are organised."
Physical supply chain risks
Such events have highlighted the need for Asian companies to guard against physical supply chain risks that may threaten not only their ability to maintain production levels and meet orders on time, but also dent their bottom line.
Today they are becoming increasingly aware of supply-side risks – the possibility that their suppliers may not be able to deliver much-needed inputs on time as a result of disruption to their businesses or a major crisis, as well as the worst case scenario of a key supplier suddenly going out of business altogether.
"There exist a number of operational risks to effective supply chains which include supplier downtime, caused by a breakdown in the manufacturing process, to supplier failure and/or bankruptcy," says Stratton at DBS, adding: "In times of economic hardship, production line breakdowns can be an issue as suppliers reduce production line maintenance to free up cash."
HSBC's Constantinides also acknowledges that one of the biggest risks corporates face in their physical supply chains is "managing the ability of suppliers to deliver the right product, at the right price and at the right point in time".
"To mitigate this risk, buyers should have a diversified supplier base as this not only enables companies to manage the physical risks but also the financial risks within the supply chain," he says.
"A key consideration for buyers must be to identify good quality suppliers, be more strategic in how they manage relationships with their suppliers, and diversify their supplier base," adds BofAML's Sum. "To alleviate the risk of a supplier having financial problems, the best solution is supplier diversification, and this is now a major aim for many buyers."
Finding the optimal balance for supplier diversification is key.
Constantinides explains that if a small company has 50 suppliers and one fails, such diversity provides flexibility to move production. Being able to effectively manage a diversified supply chain is absolutely critical; hence the number of suppliers must be controllable to be effective.
"If you rely 25% of your product on a single supplier you will have the ability to effectively understand the risks and behaviours within this supply chain quite well – both the physical and financial impacts," he says. "On the other side of the equation, if you as a company account for only 1% of that supplier's business, you will have no relevance in the overall equation. If you account for 75% of their business, you will have a bigger influence.
"It is all about getting the balance right. Companies have to look at all their relationships and the risks emanating from these dependencies."
JP Morgan's Heuser adds: "Companies can manage physical supply chain risks by having a diversity of inputs and holding higher levels of inventory, but there is always a trade off here as it can lead to more diverse and complex supply chains – as well as reducing economies of scale."
Country risk is another important risk that has to be factored into this equation, and corporate buyers are advised to consider different countries' political situations when selecting the suppliers they rely on for components.
"It is important to consider, for example, does your company source or sell 100% from a supplier or buyer in countries such as Taiwan or Pakistan, bearing in mind the political tensions they have with their neighbours," says Stratton.
The right level of inventory
The recent crisis events in Asia have also drawn attention to the levels of inventory that major companies maintain to ensure the availability of inputs.
Recent years have seen more Asian companies adopt just-in-time production methods to reduce in-process inventory and the costs associated with carrying it on their balance sheets. By delaying taking ownership of components until they are actually needed in their own manufacturing processes, they have been able to improve their own financial performance.
However, reliance on this model revealed some weaknesses in the aftermath of the Japanese earthquake and tsunami in 2011, which impacted the ability of many companies to source the components they needed to maintain production levels.
For example, leading car manufacturers such as Toyota, Honda and Nissan, were forced to cut back production at factories in Europe and introduce shorter working hours for several months because of the unavailability of key components made in Japan.
There are also concerns that Asian manufacturers' use of the just-in-time model has increased financial pressures on smaller suppliers.
"There has been an ongoing trend for many years for buyers to push inventory holding onto their suppliers. This not only impacts the suppliers' working capital, but suppliers can get hit with the risk of product obsolescence through holding too much inventory for too long," says Stratton.
However, he also notes: "Over the last 10 years, many companies have looked at ways in which they could get inventory off their balance sheet as early as possible, which sometimes included the use of special purpose vehicles (SPVs)."
Another solution to this problem is the more widespread adoption of the vendor managed inventory model, which involves the buyer providing its suppliers with electronic access to information on its own orders and sales so that the latter can more accurately forecast the buyer's requirements.
Risks to production
Aside from supplier risks, many Asian companies also now recognise that their own factories and production lines can represent a major physical supply chain risk if they are too concentrated in a specific region or geography.
Having seen their manufacturing businesses hit by the Japanese earthquake at the start of 2011, some major Asian companies experienced further disruptions to production by severe flooding in Thailand in October.
Here, HSBC's Constantinides points out that managing such physical supply chain risks brings costs: "There are two different dynamics when it comes to managing this type of physical supply chain risk. Some companies may gamble against a once in a 100 year-type disaster ever happening, whereas others may invest in new factories based somewhere else," he says. "There is no perfect answer to this. Businesses generally want to guard against the possibility of redundancy in their factories because they need to stay competitive."
Financial supply chain risks
When it comes to managing supply chains risks, two main risks need to be considered: sell-side risks, namely the risk that a company will not be paid by its buyer, and buy-side risks – the risk that a company's suppliers will not have the financial capacity to meet orders accurately and on time.
A number of financial products are now becoming more widely used across Asia to mitigate buy-side risks and ensure that suppliers can access the finance they need to meet required production targets.
"During the last financial crisis, liquidity was scarce and financing costs increased. This really hit suppliers that were providing key components to buyers," explains JP Morgan's Heuser, pointing out that the financial crisis precipitated the movement towards supply chain finance in Asia.
"Supply chain finance makes logical sense for companies because it provides a 'win-win' situation for both buyers and their suppliers."
"Historically, a supplier would continue to face payment risks after its goods were shipped up until the point of receiving cash in hand, but supplier financing enables them to simply access a platform and seek confirmation of payment – and receive it – much sooner," adds Sum.
Although in the past, supply chain finance in Asia stemmed from international structures, Bank of America Merrill Lynch is now setting up programmes locally between buyers and suppliers in markets such as Korea, China and Japan.
"We are seeing increased demand for supply chain finance programmes – and the big change is that buyers are now approaching their banks to see if they can arrange facilities, rather than things being the other way around," says Sum. "There is a growing recognition that supply chain finance brings benefits for the buyer as well as the supplier."
Greater financing flexibility can also be achieved with supply chain finance, and this is recognised as providing even greater comfort to buyers because it facilitates their ability to source more components from a chosen supplier should the need arise.
For example, should a buyer's receipt of key inputs from one supplier in a programme come to a halt as a result of business disruption or a crisis event, more money could be made available to another supplier in the programme so that it can increase its production – and make up any shortfalls experienced by the buyer.
"Supply chain finance is a robust structure that provides a lot of flexibility. There is not a credit limit placed on the individual supplier so credit can be channelled to where it is needed most," says Heuser. He notes though that differences in the legal or regulatory environments that suppliers work in – and their use of different currencies – can present potential challenges to the flexible delivery of a supply chain finance programme.
"Traditionally, bank facilities were limited to the size of that facility. However, with supply chain finance, in most cases, there is not a limit placed on a particular supplier. The total programme size limit is based on the buyer as the risk is based on the buyer not the supplier," concurs Sum.
"This means that from a supplier's perspective, if it suddenly faces a much larger order, it can turn around the cash needed quickly to meet that order. Supply chain finance improves the supplier's ability to meet bigger business volumes."
Stratton is also enthusiastic about the merits of supply chain finance: "The supply chain finance model is an important proposition as this model, if structured correctly. It can significantly lower the cost of funding as the underlying risk hinges on the smaller entities' relationship with the anchor buyer or supplier," he says. "By leveraging the tight working relationship with their anchor client, the smaller client can gain access to reduced funding costs of the goods in the transaction flow."
A risk for banks
Various types of supply chain finance are available to mitigate risks relating to the financial capacity of suppliers, including post-shipment finance and pre-shipment finance, although most banks typically favour the provision of the former.
Here, HSBC's Constantinides points out that offering pre-shipment finance is higher risk for banks and companies that provide it as it involves:
Supplier performance risk – the supplier may not meet the order as required; Supplier financial risk – the supplier may use finances obtained for other purposes (or even not be financially stable);
Buyer contract risks – the buyer may renege on the financed order.
"Purchase order financing is available but not easy to manage without true on-the-ground presence. A bank offering this type of financing needs to have a presence in the country where the suppliers are based so that it can understand the risks involved," he says.
Bank counterparty risks
The financial crisis of 2008/09, and resultant squeeze on bank lending, has also left many Asian corporates more aware of bank counterparty risks.
Stratton explains that before 2008 there was a shift by many Asian corporates to reduce the number of banks with whom they transacted. Their intention was to gain leverage from directing all their business to a lesser number of bank providers, thus gaining reduced fees and bank charges. But they then "learned a valuable lesson".
"During the global financial crisis and the resultant liquidity crunch, a number of banks pulled credit lines, so over the last two to three years, corporates have been looking to increase the number of banks they work with, with a focus on large Asian regional banks," he says.
Meanwhile, Sum points out that although the risks presented by banks in supply chain finance programmes are not direct risks, there may be a risk to the continuation of a programme.
"Where a supplier is very reliant on supply chain finance as a financing tool, and the bank cannot continue with that programme, then there is a risk that the supplier will lose planned cash flows," he says. "What many buyers would prefer, however, is to have less dependency on any one bank. They are less concerned about bankruptcy than they are about strategic constraints, and therefore will seek to diversify their dependency by using more than one bank."
He adds that where an international programme is set up, it is very unlikely that one bank will provide all of it – unless it is a top 10 bank – and bank counterparty risk is thus a lesser concern.
"However, when it comes to domestic programmes, pricing is a key driver," he continues. "If you try to share a programme between banks, you are likely to have less bargaining power."
"Some companies choose multiple bilateral programmes in an effort to manage the risk of relying on a single bank and to widen their access to liquidity and onboarding resources," adds Heuser.
But he also notes: "They do have to guard against the possibility that their programmes may become too complicated to manage. From a technological integration perspective, having different partners can also bring challenges, so many companies prefer a single party to own the entire programme."
Constantinides concludes that to mitigate bank counterparty risks today, corporates have to make sure that they have the right banking partners, and that their bank relationships are diversified. While many Asian traders bank with local banks, they also need the services of an international bank.
"We are also hearing that Asian customers are now becoming choosy as to which banks' letters of credit they will seek. When a company makes and ships products, it needs to ensure it gets paid for the shipment," he says. With the economic operating dynamics being quite different between Asia and Europe, this is all part of effective financial supply chain management.
"The most common practice used here is to have one bank assume the credit risk of another bank, as well as the country risk. Banks working with banks to support one another is now a well-established practice."
Tags: Bank of America Merrill Lynch (BofAML), DBS Bank, HSBC, Jonathan Heuser, Joseph Sum, Ken Stratton, Kuresh Sarjan, Simon Constantinides, Supply Chain Finance
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(BBC) — A Google feature that warned users about banned or sensitive words was dropped after a protracted battle with Chinese authorities over search.
Google confirmed on Monday that it had turned off the function, citing concerns over user experience.
Campaigners described Google's decision to remove the feature as "self-censorship".
The instigation of the feature in May last year sparked a cat and mouse game between the company and the Chinese authorities. Within 24 hours of the launch of the feature, technology known as the "Great Firewall of China" was blocking the function, according to campaign organisation Greatfire.org.
Google responded with countermeasures, but found that some users were being completely blocked from search, a source told the BBC.
Google scrubbed the search suggestion function in early December, and has also removed "help" documentation that explained how to use the feature, Greatfire.org said in a blog post.
Google began to offer suggestions about possible sensitive or banned keywords in China at the end of May last year, after complaints that its service was erratic. Google engineers found that certain queries by users led to error messages or website disconnection.
For example, search on the Chinese character "jiang", which means "river", but is also a common surname, was blocked after erroneous rumours about the death of former president Jiang Zemin.
Google has had a rocky relationship with the Chinese authorities since January 2010, when the company said it may shut down Chinese operations due to a "sophisticated and targeted" cyber attack. Google said at the time that it was no longer willing to censor its Chinese search engine.
The company began to redirect search queries from mainland China to its Hong Kong website.


Cancer can be treated by surgery, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, radiation therapy or some other methods. The choice of therapy for cancer treatment depends upon the location and grade of the tumor and the stage of the disease. Surgery is the most common types of cancer treatment.
Find out complete details of well approved cancer hospitals, cancer institute's and cancer centers in New York with their Contact Numbers, Address and other details.
Are you having these energizing breakfast foods?


text:
Home Business All You Need To Know About The IFTA Tax
All You Need To Know About The IFTA Tax
By KOF
International Fuel Tax Agreement (IFTA) is an agreement between the lower 48 states of the United States of America and the Canadian Provinces, this tax is basically to simplify the usage of fuel by motor carriers who operate in more than more jurisdiction.
Though this applies to all of Canada and the U.S, however Alaska, Hawaii and the Canadian Territories are not required to participate. Operators with IFTA will receive two decals and an IFTA licence and the carries are required to file quarterly reports. These reports will then be used to calculate the net tax or the refund due from the collecting states and to which states they are due to.
Who Does This Apply To?
Following are the requirements for the carriers to receive an IFTA licence:
The motor vehicle is designed, maintained and used for the transportation of goods, people, and property.
Regardless of its weight, the power unit has three or more axles.
The gross weight of the vehicle is 26,000 pounds or more and the power unit has two axles.
A vehicle which is more than 26,000 pounds or 11,797 kilograms.
What are Some of The Exceptions?
The following are the motor vehicles who are not required to file for IFTA:
Pick up trucks with attached campers
Buses when used for personal pleasure
A few states have some exemptions on farm vehicles and/or government vehicles.
Which all States Does it Apply To?
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IFTA reporting applies to all the states except Hawaii, Alaska and the District of Columbia.
The first thing you need to do if you want an IFTA licence is fill out the form at your base.
Forms may vary and serve different purposes in different places.
Some of the basic information that need to be filled are:
USDOT number
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The forms can be downloaded online and the completed IFTA forms can be sent by mail. After processing your application, the IFTA authorities in your state will issue your official IFTA decals for the current year and temporary IFTA licence can be sent to via fax.
Filing IFTA taxes
For IFTA reporting, it requires you to file taxes on a quarterly basis
April 30th – 1st quarter
July 31st – 2nd quarter
October 31st – 3rd quarter
January 31st – 4th quarter
Following are the steps in your IFTA tax calculations:
Tracking Miles in Each State
It is the responsibility of drivers and fleet managers to record the amount of fuel consumed in each state/jurisdiction. Drivers also must record the readings on their odometer when they cross each state/jurisdiction. You can use fleet management softwares to make these tasks easier.
Calculating Fuel Purchase
Drivers are also responsible for calculating the total amount of fuel used in each state/jurisdiction.
An important point note is that the drivers must save the original receipts or invoices to prove that payment of the fuel taxes has been done. Following are the detail that the documents are required to have:
Name and location of the fuel seller
What type of fuel was purchased
Vehicle plate number
Price per gallon
Drivers name
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Calculating The Fuel Consumed
After you have the mileage in each state and the amount of fuel purchased in each state/purchased, it is easy to calculate the amount of fuel used in each state by using the following formula
Total Number of Miles Driven In a State ÷ Total Amount of Fuel Purchased = Overall Fuel Mileage
To calculate the amount of fuel your fleet consumed, use the following formula
Total Number of Miles Driver In a State ÷ Overall Fuel Mileage = Total Amount of Fuel Consumed in the State
Calculating Taxes Owed to Each State
The amount of fuel purchased in each state/jurisdiction is required to calculate the amount owed to each state.
Finally you can use the following formula to calculate the exact tax amount you owe each state
Fuel Tax Required in State X – Fuel Tax Paid in State X = Fuel Tax Owed to State X
Originally drivers used to record and track the miles and fuel purchase manually but now the drivers can use the tax reporting sheets from the Owner-Operator Independent Drivers Association (OOIDA) to track the miles and fuel purchase and also they can turn to cloud based services and fleet management software to aid them in the same.
Calculating IFTA taxes can be tiring and mentally exhausting but in this age of scientific advancements it is possible to record your mileage in each state and also to record the amount of fuel purchased and used in every state/jurisdiction by using fleet management software.
There are a lot of GPS vehicle tracker that come along with fleet management software. By using this, you can easily do your calculations accurately as it erases the possibilities of human error in calculations.
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When the fleet tracking data is combined with the tax software can help you calculate you IFTA taxes and make sure you're paying only what you owe.
IFTA Tax
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5 Career Opportunities as a Java Developer in 2020
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text:
Leich Electric was a manufacturing company of telecommunications equipment in the United States.
Leich produced telephone sets, switchboards, telephone exchange equipment, and associated tools and materials for the independent telephone market in the United States and Canada.

The company was created as the Cracraft-Leich Electric Company as a result of a merger of the Advance Electric Company and the Eureka Electric Company. The name was changed to the Leich Electric Co. in 1917. In 1950 it was acquired by  General Telephone Corporation. GTE grouped the company with another acquisition, the Automatic Electric Company, for which Leich also manufactured telephone sets.

Leich Electric was located in Genoa, Illinois in 1903, after its predecessors had been located in McCordsville, Indiana and Chicago, Illinois.

References

Defunct telecommunications companies of the United States
Defunct companies based in Illinois
DeKalb, Illinois
Telecommunications companies established in 1903
American companies established in 1903

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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text:
Children of Dune Blu-ray Review
Dune Messiah
by Casimir Harlow Nov 11, 2020
Review Specs Discussion (12)
Movies & TV Review
Children of Dune Blu-ray Blu-ray (2020)
Children of Dune Review
Children of Dune Blu-ray Video
Children of Dune Blu-ray Audio
Children of Dune Blu-ray Extras
Children of Dune Blu-ray Verdict
As we painfully await Denis Villeneuve's hopefully epic adaptation of Frank Herbert's Dune, there's no better time to revisit this surprisingly good TV miniseries sequel, based on Herbert's later Dune novels.
Back before The Sci-Fi Channel aired Battlestar Galactica and changed the face of sci-fi TV shows, they actually did a pretty damn good job adapting Frank Herbert's expansive series of Dune novels, returning to the property which had previously been made into David Lynch's most mainstream movie in 1984, and which - despite the ostensibly smaller TV scale - very much enjoyed the breathing space afforded by 4-5 hours of runtime.
After the success of 2000's Frank Herbert's Dune miniseries, which is still regarded as one of The Sci-Fi Channel's top three properties, the production company set to work on the next couple of Dune books, Dune Messiah and Children of Dune, embarking on this 2003 sequel miniseries and similarly affording it an expansive 4.5 hours to weave its intricate tale of the ongoing adventures of gifted warrior-leader Paul Atreides and his legacy in the grander Dune universe.
Free from the confines of comparison to Lynch's 1984 epic
Children of Dune isn't just about Paul's kids, split into three distinct 'chapters' which first look at the ongoing difficulties Paul encounters once in a position of power (after the events of Dune), with assassination attempts leaving him blind and, eventually, one with the desert, and - years later - his son Leto coming to the fore with a promising gift himself, and hopes to once again bring solidarity to these conflicted lands.
With an all-star cast (just as we were getting used to Alec Newman's Paul Atreides, he's essentially replaced by a young James McAvoy as his son Leto) that includes the original miniseries regulars Julie Cox and Edward Atterton (with Ian McNeice returning as the Baron), as well as bigger names like Susan Sarandon, Alice Krige and Steven Berkoff, Children of Dune enjoys an arguably more assured feel than its predecessor, free also from the confines of comparison to Lynch's 1984 epic, and able to paint its own rich tapestry of warring cultures, extremists, believers and usurpers, and gifted individuals at one with the majestic worms that rule the land and the precious Spice therein.
It will be interesting to see if Villeneuve even gets to finish his two-part adaptation of Dune, let alone embark upon sequels that would absorb these later works from Herbert, but given the delays on but the first chapter fans would probably be best advised to consider this their best shot at exploring the further adventures of Dune, and it's a very good effort indeed.
Children of Dune comes to UK Blu-ray courtesy of Signature Entertainment, with a very impressive remaster indeed, likely looking far better than it ever did on broadcast, and far better than it has any right to look.
The disc presents a 1080p/AVC-encoded image framed in the TV show's original broadcast aspect ratio of 1.78:1 widescreen.
We reviewed the UK Blu-ray release of Children of Dune on an LG 55B7 Dolby Vision 4K Ultra HD OLED TV with a Panasonic DP-UB450 Dolby Vision HDR10+ 4K Ultra HD Blu-ray player.
Detail is generally very good indeed, enjoying the close-ups and background textures, and let down only by some of the effects work which, as hard as they try, doesn't quite stand up to scrutiny. Environments are otherwise well represented, particularly interiors, and, sure, there's some softness around the edges, but few TV productions from almost 20 years back polish up this nicely, fewer still, ones from the Sci-Fi Channel.
Colours are strong, enjoying the golden orange Dune tones, and striking blue eyes, and black levels are perhaps surprisingly strong too, and really there's such a significant difference between the quality of the shots which are overlayed against CG backdrops that you can see how much effort has gone into knocking this title into shape. Indeed, just flick on the version on Amazon Prime and you can see the world of difference. It's solid work indeed.
Children of Dune's Blu-ray release delivers a very strong DTS-HD Master Audio 5.1 track too, which affords some punchy moments nominally bookending the three distinct chapters (and normally involving the worms), providing some manner of engulfing atmospherics in spite of the otherwise relatively claustrophobic 'interior' TV show sound design.
A solid track
Dialogue remains well prioritised, largely across the frontal array, whilst effects are disseminated well across the array, or as well as you might expect from a TV production from this era, with some limitation here too. The score sweeps across in the background and rounds out a solid track.
Signature's Blu-ray release of Children of Dune affords nothing in the way of extras.
With the three 'chapters' split across two discs, two on the first disc and the third on the second disc, it's all the more disappointing as there's clearly plenty of space on that second disc to have at least provided some manner of Behind the Scenes material.
Children of Dune is a pretty damn good follow-up to The Sci-Fi Channel's acclaimed 2000 Dune miniseries, adapting the next couple of books in Herbert's saga to impressive effect, and often transcending the limitations of its ostensible TV scope to provide an almost epic experience.
A show that all Dune fans should consider investigating
Signature brings Children of Dune to UK Blu-ray with excellent video and a very good audio track, and, despite the lack of extras, it's an impressive release for a show that all Dune fans should consider investigating.
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Each year Mount Etna in Sicily slides a little closer to the sea. Researchers believe the effect is caused by gravity – making it more likely that the volcano could collapse altogether, as Dr John Murray of The Open University explains.
With this in mind, scientists such as myself have been studying Etna to try to better understand what's going on. Now research published in Science Advances presents strong evidence that Etna's slide isn't caused by pressure from magma inside the volcano, as previously thought. Instead, it's likely caused by gravity pulling on Etna's lower underwater slopes, far from the summit.
The researchers emphasise that this means Etna is more susceptible to catastrophic collapse than had previously been realised, and that the same might be true of other coastal and island volcanoes.
This all suggests that the movement began offshore and spread towards the summit. There were no associated earthquakes during the eight-day episode, indicating that the movement wasn't caused by seismic activity.
Instead, it's likely to be the effects of gravity pulling on the volcano.
So what does this mean for Etna? We can say with certainty that catastrophic collapse, in which an entire sector of a volcano slides off in a gigantic landslide, has occurred on the downslope side of other gravitationally sliding volcanoes.
The devastation caused by such events, which occur worldwide about four times a century, means that the possibility has to be taken seriously.


Get the whole family involved to do your part to help change the world. See more green science pictures.
With our increasingly finite resources, recycling isn't really something that's a choice anymore. It's more of an obligation to make responsible decisions for the good of our planet and for the benefit of future generations, who will have to live with the long-lasting effects of our lifestyles.
Reusing and recycling are two of the best ways to make sure waste is cut back to the bare minimum, and that our landfills and garbage barges pile up as little as possible. The best way to teach your kids about this is to lead by example -- and it doesn't hurt to make process enjoyable, either. Read on for five fun recycling projects you can get the whole family involved in!


Every DIRECTV package includes local channels at no extra cost. Make sure you're in the loop on the news, sports and stories from the Calabasas community with local channels on DIRECTV.1 The list of DIRECTV channel and local affiliates will keep you in the know in Calabasas. Call today to schedule your DIRECTV installation with a professional local installer.
DIRECTV bundles connect you to top TV and Internet services in Calabasas. Order today and take advantage of special offers available in your area.
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MANCHESTER UNITED blew the title race wide open with a vintage Jose Mourinho display at Old Trafford.
Here's five things we learnt as goals from Marcus Rashford and Ander Herrera helped the Special One get one over his former employers.
The United boss' tactics were hammered on social media before kick-off but his players did him proud.
Mourinho used the Europa League as an excuse to leave out Zlatan Ibrahimovic and played a hungry and, crucially, pacey front line to unsettle Chelsea.
Jesse Lingard and Marcus Rashford stole the show to justify their boss' faith.
Eden Hazard may want to check under his bed to see if Ander Herrera is still lurking before going to sleep tonight.
The Spaniard produced a display that brought back memories of Park Ji-sung's shackling of Andrea Pirlo.
Hazard struggled to get into the game and a bad day will have go worse when his shadow popped up for the deflected second.
Diego Costa has been relatively well behaved this season but was frustrated by Marcos Rojo's battling performance.
What the Argentinian defender lacks in size, he more than makes up for in tenacity, Eric Bailly was solid too in a strong defensive display.
Tottenham looked the business yesterday and are well in the hunt with the gap at just four points.
Chelsea have the easier run-in but if other teams can keep Hazard quite like United and Costa does not hit form, Harry Kane & Co have a real chance.
Thibaut Courtois and Marcos Alonso could both be huge misses for the Blues is they miss significant spells.
Paul Pogba hit out at his critics for giving N'Golo Kante an easy ride before kick-off and he duly came out on top here.
The former Leicester man's mistake gave United a two-goal lead while the Frenchman quietly went about his business aside from some the odd bit of classic needless showboating.


(NI 31-103) and the introduction of the exempt market dealer (EMD) registration category. Most EMDs have adapted to or are at least aware of the requirement to comply with securities legislation. However, the creation of the EMD category of registration made all participants in the exempt market subject to Canadian AML/ ATF legislation. Too many EMD's are still not aware of their AML obligations, and the significant risk of being offside.
registered as EMDs or operate under the "Northwest Exemption".
• ensuring crime doesn't pay; and • fulfilling Canada's international commitments to fight crime.