text:
From Liverpool 1850
Emigration from Liverpool - 1850
We now proceed to detail the process of emigration, beginning with the arrival of the emigrants at Liverpool, the great port of intercourse with the United States.
In the annexed illustrations, our Artists have portrayed the principal incidents that occur in port—from arrival of family to their final departure from the Mersey.
Front of Steerage Passage Contract from 1854, Le Havre to New York GGA Image ID # 102808387e
The first order of business for the emigrants is their Passage Contracts. If their passage has not been prepaid for them by kind friends in New York, payment for their journey is now due, and emigrants can make their best deal with the passenger-brokers.
The competition in this trade is exceedingly high, and fares are based accordingly. They often vary from day to day, and even from hour to hour, being sometimes as high as £5 per passenger in the steerage, and sometimes as low as £3 10s.
All persons contracting to convey passengers to North America are required to take out a license; and, under the new act, have also to give bonds by themselves and two sureties to the Colonial land and Emigration Commissioners, to the amount of £200.
There are at present twenty-one licensed passenger-brokers in Liverpool. The following list appears in the Liverpool Journal
George Percival, representing the house of Messrs. Harden and Co.;
John Wilson, representing Messrs. Pilkington and Wilson, 55, Waterloo-road;
Daniel P. Mitchell, representing Messrs. Train and Co.;
Josiah Thompson, representing Messrs. Grimshaw and Co., 11, Goree-piazzas;
J. T. Crook, 2, Tower-chambers, Old Churchyard, and 115, Waterloo-road;
George Saul, 36, Waterloo-road;
J. W. Shaw, 90, Waterloo-road;
Robert Dunn, 1, Cook-street;
Orson Pratt, 15, Wilton-street;
Thomas Elliott, 11, Waterloo-road;
W. Robinson, 48, Waterloo-road;
William Tapscott, Regent-road;
Frederick Sabell, 28, Moorfields;
Eleazar Jones, 25, Union-street;
G. C. Beckett; 116, Waterloo-road;
J. S. Holmes, 120, Waterloo-road;
D. O'Donovan, 117, Waterloo-road;
Edward Matthew Norris, 6, Regent-road;
William Russel Grace, 120, Waterloo-road;
Thomas Lockhart, 192, Great Howard-street;
William Maume, 6, Regent-road; and
Michael McDonnell, 47, Union-street.
Amongst this twenty-one (22?), says the Liverpool Journal, are the names of parties well known in Liverpool, of high honor and strict integrity. But, on the other hand, it must be confessed that there are some to whom this character will not apply.
Lt. Hodder, the Government Emigration Agent, with his officers kept in a state of constant combativeness in protecting poor emigrants and making sure regulations are followed.
[unintelligible sentence reproduced below without edits]
If a summons be taken out, the chances are ten to one but that the poor people whom it was intended to victimize are treated with; and, to save the exposure which would otherwise result, the case is compromised at any price.
The magistrates may, for any irregularity or delinquency, withdraw a license— a power sometimes exercised. Still, no instances are yet on record of the forfeiture of a bond.
The walls of Liverpool are placarded thoroughly with notices of the sailing dates for the various packet ships. The above firms act as passenger-brokers and outlined in large letters the excellent qualities of such well-known and favorite packets as the Yorkshire, the New World, the Isaac Webb, the West Point, the Constitution, the Isaac Wright, the London, the Star of the West, the Queen of the West, and scores of others.
The average number of steerage passengers that can be accommodated in these fine vessels (which are mostly owned in New York) is 400. Still, some of them, such as the Isaac Webb, can comfortably make room for double that number.
After choosing the ship to sail on, the emigrant runs the gauntlet through scores of designing and unscrupulous "man-catchers." Man-catchers get commissions for each emigrant that they bring to the passenger-brokers office. The emigrant's next duty is to present himself with his family at the Medical Inspector's Office.
Medical Inspector's Office
The Government Medical Inspector's Office at Liverpool. The Illustrated London News, 6 July 1850. GGA Image ID #
By the terms of the New Passenger Act, 12 & 13 Vict, c. 33, "no passenger-ship is allowed to proceed until a medical practitioner appointed by the emigration office of the port shall have inspected the medicine-chest and passengers, and certified that the medicines, etc. are sufficient, and that the passengers are free from contagious disease."
The master, owner, or charterer of the ship is bound to pay the medical inspector the sum of £1 sterling for every 100 persons thus inspected. When the emigrant and his family have completed this process, their passage-ticket is stamped.
They have nothing further to do until they go on board. They now make their own private arrangements and provide themselves with outfits, or with such articles of luxury or necessity as they may desire over and above the ship's allowance.
All persons who may be discovered to be affected with any infectious disease, either at the original port of embarkation or at any port in the United Kingdom into which the vessel may subsequently put, are to be re-landed, with those members of their families, if any, who may be dependent on them, or unwilling to be separated from them, together with their clothes and effects.
Passengers re-landed are entitled to receive back their passage-money. This may be recovered from the party to whom it was paid, or from the owner, charterer, or master of the ship, by the summary process, before two or more justices of the peace.
The Embarkation
The Emigrants Begin the Process of Embarkation at the Waterlook Docks in Liverpool. The Illustrated London News, 6 July 1850. GGA Image ID # 14b686ca8a
The scene at Liverpool's Waterloo Dock, where all the American sailing packets are stationed, is at all times a very busy one. But, on the morning of the departure of a large ship, with a full complement of emigrants, it is peculiarly interesting and exciting.
Of the passengers that passed inspection, many take up quarters onboard the ship twenty-four hours before sailing, as they are entitled to do by the terms of the act of Parliament. Many of them bring, in addition to the boxes and trunks containing their worldly wealth, considerable quantities of provisions.
Life in Steerage Between Decks on an Emigrant Ship. The Illustrated London News, 17 August 1850. GGA Image ID # 14b721f545
However, it must be confessed that the provisions fixed by the Government to be supplied to the emigrants by the ship is sufficiently liberal to keep them healthy and comfortable. All among the emigrants, who, in their ordinary course of life, were not accustomed to animal food.
The following is the scale, in addition to any provisions which the passengers may themselves bring: —
3 quarts of water daily
2 ½ lbs. of bread or biscuit (not inferior to navy biscuit)
1 lb. wheaten flour
5 lb. oatmeal
2 lb. rice
2 oz. tea
½ lb. sugar
½ lb. molasses
These rations (excluding water) are per week. To be issued in advance, and not less often than twice a week.
5 lb. of good potatoes' may, at the option of the master, be substituted for 1 lb. of oatmeal or rice. In ships sailing from Liverpool, or from Irish or Scotch ports, oatmeal may be substituted, in equal quantities, for the whole or any part of the issues of rice.
Vessels carrying as many as 100 passengers must be provided with a seafaring person to act as passengers cook, and with a proper cooking apparatus.
A convenient place must be set apart on deck for cooking and an adequate supply of fuel shipped for the voyage. The whole to be subject to the approval of the emigration officer.
Dancing Between Decks
Steerage Passengers Dancing Between Decks. The Illustrated London News, 6 July 1850. GGA Image ID # 14b6b9ef2f
The scenes that occur between decks on the day before the sailing of a packet, and during the time that a ship may be unavoidably detained at the dock are not generally of a character to impress the spectator with the idea of any significant or overwhelming grief on the part of the emigrants at leaving the old country.
On the contrary, all is bustle, excitement, and merriment. The scene represented by our Artist, of a party of emigrants, male and female, dancing between decks-to the music of the violin-played for their amusement, by some of their fellow passengers, is not a rare one.
Sometimes a passenger is an Irish bagpipe musician. He is often called upon to play music for the gratification of his countrymen and women. Not merely while at the dock, but, according to the reports of captains and others, during the whole voyage.
The key person who can play the violin, the flute, the pipe, or any other instrument, becomes of interest and importance to the passengers and is kept in constant requisition for their amusement. The youngest child and the oldest man on the ship are alike interested.
The grey-headed men and women are frequently seen dancing with much delight, and much vigor as if they were seventeen and not seventy years of age.
But, as the hour of departure draws nigh, the music ceases. Too many fresh arrivals take place every moment, and the decks become burdened with luggage to admit of the amusement.
Although the day and hour of departure may have been given weeks in advance, there is a large class of persons—not confined to emigrants, who never will be punctual.
They seem to make a point of postponing everything to the last moment to enjoy the excitement of being within a few minutes or even moments of losing their passage.
These may be seen arriving in flushed and panting detachments, driving donkey-carts laden with their worldly stores, to the gangway at the ship's side. Often, the gangway has been removed before the late arrivals. In this case, their only chance is to wait until the ship reaches the dock-gate.
At this point, their boxes, bales barrels, and bundles are actually pitched into the ship. Then men, women, and children have to scramble up among the rigging, amid a screaming, a swearing, and a shouting utterly alarming to listen to.
Frequently a box or a barrel falls overboard, and sometimes a man or a woman shares the same fate. Fortunately, they are speedily re-saved by men in a small boat that follows in the wake of this ship for that purpose, until she has finally cleared the dock.
The Departure
Departure of the Emigrant Ship from Liverpool. The Illustrated London News, 6 July 1850. GGA Image ID # 14b6f94fe9
There are usually a large number of spectators at the dock-gates to witness the final departure of the great ship, with its large freight of human beings. It is an exciting and impressive sight.
The most callous and indifferent can scarcely fail, at such a moment, to form cordial wishes for the pleasant voyage and safe arrival of the emigrants, and for their future prosperity in their new home."
As the ship is towed out, hats are raised, handkerchiefs are waved, and a loud and long-continued shout of farewell is raised from the shore, and kindly responded to from the ship.
It is then that the eyes of the emigrants begin to moisten with regret at the thought they are looking for the last time at the old country. That country which, although, in all probability, associated principally.
It is the country of their fathers, their childhood, and the country consecrated to their hearts. With the remembrance of sorrow, suffering, semi-starvation, and a constant battle for the merest crust necessary to support existence.
The last look always sorrowful and refuses, in most instances, to see the wrong and the suffering, the terror, and the misery, which may have compelled the one who takes it.
To venture from the old into the new from the tried into the untried path. To recommence existence under new auspices. And with new and totally different prospects.
"Farewell, England! ' Blessings on thee—
Stern and niggard as thou art.
Harshly, mother, thou hast used me,
And my bread thou hast refused me:
But the agony to part is doubtless the uppermost feeling in the minds of many thousands of the poorer class of English emigrants.
The cheers of the spectators and friends on shore proclaim their departure from the land of their birth. Even in the case of the Irish emigrants, a similar feeling—though possibly less intense can scarcely fail to be 'excited.'
Limited time, however, is left to them to indulge in these reflections. The ship is generally towed by a steam-tug five or ten miles down the Mersey.
During the time occupied in traversing these ten miles, two essential ceremonies have to be undertaken. The first is "the Search for Stowaways," and the second is the "Roll-call of the Passengers."
The Search for Stowaways
The Ship's Crew Search for Stowaways. The Illustrated London News, 6 July 1850. GGA Image ID # 14b6f0a3a7
The practice of "stowing away," until after the passage tickets have been collected, is stated to be very common to ships leaving London and Liverpool for the United States. It is the intent to procure by fraudulent means a free passage across the Atlantic.
The "stowaways" are sometimes brought onboard concealed in trunks or chests, with air-holes to prevent suffocation.
Sometimes they are brought in barrels, packed up to their chins in salt, or biscuits, or other provisions, to the imminent hazard of their lives.
At other times they take the chance of hiding about the ship, under the bedding, amid the confused luggage of the other passengers, and in all sorts of dark nooks and corners between decks.
Hence, it is becoming expedient to make a thorough search of the vessel before the steam-tug has left her. If any of these unhappy intruders are discovered, they may be taken back to port and brought before the magistrate, to be punished for the fraud which they have attempted.
As many as a dozen stowaways have sometimes been discovered in one ship. Cases have occurred infrequently of dead men, women, and young boys, being taken out of the barrels or chests that they concealed themselves in to avoid payment of £3 or £1 passage money.
When the ship is reasonably out, to search for stowaways is ordered. Steerage passengers are summoned upon the quarter-deck, where they are detained until the search has been completed in every part of the ship.
The captain, the mate, or other officers, attended by the clerk of the passenger broker, and as many men of the vessel as may be necessary for the purpose, then proceed below.
With masked lanterns or candles and armed with long poles, hammers, chisels, etc., they rummage and poke into dark places and may break open suspicious-looking chests and barrels.
Occasionally the pole is said to be tipped with a sharp nail to aid the process of discovery in dark nooks. Sometimes the man armed with the hammer strikes the bedclothes.
This method is used to reveal a concealed head underneath. Its owner may make the fact known, and thus avoid a repetition of the blows. Stowaways hidden in barrels are presumed to have placed with his head uppermost.
When searchers find a suspicious barrel, they deliberately proceed to turn the barrel bottom upwards. This process never fails, after a short time, if the suspicion proves well-founded, it elicits an unmistakable cry for release.
Although this search is invariably done with the utmost care, it is not always adequate in discovering the delinquent. Instances have occurred in which eight, ten, or more stowaways, both men and women, have made their appearance after the vessel has been two or three days at sea.
Some captains acted with high severity, if not cruelty, toward these unfortunates. Instances occurred of stowaways being tarred and feathered or made to walk the decks through the cold nights with nothing on but their shirts.
But this inhumanity does not now appear to be practiced. As there is a great deal of dirty work that must be done on shipboard, the stowaways are pressed into that service and compelled to make themselves useful, if not agreeable.
They are forced, in fact, to work their passage out, and the most unpleasant jobs are imposed upon them. After a diligent search for stowaways in every corner of the ship, the next ceremony, Rollcall, is commenced.
Steerage Passengers Summoned to the Quarter-Deck of the Emigrant Ship for Roll Call. The Illustrated London News, 6 July 1850. GGA Image ID # 14b6f47c6f
This is one that occupies a considerable space of time, especially in a large ship, containing seven or eight hundred emigrants. Once the steerage passengers are assembled upon the quarter-deck, the clerk of the passenger-broker accompanied by the ship's surgeon and aided by the crew (to preserve order) proceeds to call for the passage tickets.
The clerk, or another man in authority, usually stands upon the rail, or other convenient elevation on the quarter-deck, so that he may see over the heads of the whole assemblage.
Steerage passengers are usually a very motley one-comprising people of all ages from seven weeks to seventy years.
The dual purpose of the rollcall requires verifying the passenger list and medical inspection of the emigrants on behalf of the captain and owners.
The previous inspection on the part of the Governor was to prevent the risk of contagious disease on board. The review on the part of the owners is for a different object.
The ship has to pay a poll-tax of one dollar and a-half per passenger to the State of New York. If any of the unfortunate emigrants are discovered to be helpless and deformed persons, the owners are fined the sum of seventy-five dollars.
They are also compelled to enter a bond to the city of New York that they will not become a burden upon the public.
To prevent this risk, the medical officer of the ship passes them under inspection. The captain may refuse to take a pauper cripple unless he has friends in America to take charge of him on arrival and provide for him afterward.
Emigrants Crowded Onto the Steerage Deck on an Emigrant Ship. The Illustrated London News, 17 August 1850. GGA Image ID # 14b736055c
The business of verification and inspection generally occupies from two to four hours, according to the number of emigrants on board, and, during its progress, some noteworthy incidents occasionally arise.
Sometimes an Irishman, with a wife and eight or ten children, attempts to evade the payment of any passage balance due by pleading that he has not a farthing left in the world. He is trusting that the ship will instead take him out to New York for the sum already paid than incur the trouble of putting him onshore again with his family.
Sometimes a woman may have included in her passage ticket an infant at the breast. And when her name is called, she is panting under the weight of a strapping boy of eight or nine years of age, whom she is holding to her bosom as if he were really a suckling.
Sometimes a youth of nineteen has been listed in the passage contract as being under the age of twelve to get to America for half fare. Sometimes a whole family is without any tickets, having come on board in the hope that amid the confusion, they may manage to evade notice. They hope to slip down unperceived - amid those whose documents are found en règle.
These cases, as they occur, are placed on one side and those who have duly paid their passage money, and produced their tickets, are allowed to pass down and take possession of their berths.
Steerage passengers who have not paid in full and unable or unwilling to pay the balance due, are then transferred to the tug, including bag and baggage, to be reconvened to port.
Those who have money produce the necessary funds, which, in the shape of golden sovereigns, are not infrequently found to be safely stitched amid the rags of petticoats, coats, and unmentionable garments.
Those who really have no money and cannot manage to appeal to the sympathy of the crowd for help must resign themselves to their fate. They will remain in the poverty from which they seek to free themselves until they can raise the small sum necessary for their emancipation.
The stowaways, if any, are ordered to be taken before the magistrates. After all strangers and interlopers have been safely placed in the tug, the emigrant ship is left to herself! May all prosperity attend her living freight!
" Far away—oh, far away—
We seek a world o'er the ocean spray!
We seek a land across the sea,
Where bread is plenty, and men are free.
The sails are set, the breezes swell—
England, our country, farewell! farewell!"
"Emigration from Liverpool," in The Illustrated London News, Vol. XVII, No, 434, Saturday, 6 July 1850, pp. 19-22.
Note: GG Archives has edited this article from 1850 for spelling, grammar, and clarification purposes. The piece was written using prose not easily understood, as was the style in that era. Those requiring direct quotes should access the original article. An example of a prozaic sentence appears near the beginning of this article without edits.
GG Archives Category or Section
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Emigration from Liverpool (1859)
Who Should Emigrate to Canada and USA (1883)
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In The Paths of Immigration to America - 1902
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Emigration from Rotterdam, Netherlands (1903)
Considering The Causes of Emigration (1904)
Italy's Attitude Toward Her Emigrants - 1905
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text:
package uk.ac.cam.caret.sakai.rwiki.component.macros;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.Writer;

import org.radeox.api.macro.MacroParameter;
import org.radeox.macro.BaseMacro;

import uk.ac.cam.caret.sakai.rwiki.component.Messages;

/**
 * Basic BackgroundColorMacro to change the background color of some contents.
 *
 *
 * @author andrew
 */
public class BackgroundColorMacro extends BaseMacro
{

	private static final String BACKGROUND_COLOR_PARAM = "bgcolor"; //$NON-NLS-1$

	public String getName()
	{
		return "bgcolor"; //$NON-NLS-1$
	}

	public String[] getParamDescription()
	{
		return new String[]  { Messages.getString("BackgroundColorMacro.1") }; //$NON-NLS-1$
	}

	/*
	 * (non-Javadoc)
	 *
	 * @see org.radeox.macro.Macro#getDescription()
	 */
	public String getDescription()
	{
		return Messages.getString("BackgroundColorMacro.2"); //$NON-NLS-1$
	}

	public void execute(Writer writer, MacroParameter params)
			throws IllegalArgumentException, IOException
	{
		writer.write(""); //$NON-NLS-1$
		if (params.getContent() != null)
		{
			writer.write(params.getContent());
		}
		writer.write(""); //$NON-NLS-1$
	}

	private String parse(String color, String cssClass)
	{
		if (color == null) return ""; //$NON-NLS-1$

		// simplest thing remove all (: ; /* */) from the CSS
		char[] disallowedChars = { ':', ';', '/', '*', '{', '}', '"', '\'',
				'\\' };
		for (int i = 0; i < disallowedChars.length; i++)
		{
			if (color.indexOf(disallowedChars[i]) > 0)
			{
				throw new IllegalArgumentException(Messages.getString("BackgroundColorMacro.0") + color //$NON-NLS-1$
						+ Messages.getString("BackgroundColorMacro.10")); //$NON-NLS-1$
			}
		}
		return cssClass + color + ';';
	}

}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


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text:
I'm a single girl dating in Los Angeles. Sometimes. It's interesting.
Guest Blog Policy
By Naomi Lane on May 18, 2010 • ( 21 Comments )
5 Tips for Vacation Sex… And I'm Gone!
Hi folks, this will be my last post for a couple weeks because I'm taking a much needed vacation to an exotic, faraway land. It will most certainly be interesting because I'm traveling with my fabulous gay bf — and he plans to get thoroughly laid.
My gay bf has his own, unique brand of logic, and I'd like to share with you his tips for travel sex.
1. Vacation sex doesn't count.
My gay bf has been in a relationship for several years, but he reasons that vacation sex doesn't count. When I asked if vacation herpes counts, he didn't seem to understand the question.
2. Leave sex to God.
When making ethical decisions, my gay bf often turns to the Universe. Says he: "If I put an ad on Craigslist and no one answers, it wasn't meant to be. But if someone answers, that's God saying he wants me to have sex." Kumbaya, my lord.
3. Screw in a sauna.
My gay bf is very considerate of me and says he would never kick me out of our room so he can get his groove on. He says he'd much rather bang someone in a bath house anyway, so that others can watch. He is SO sweet!
4. Always ask how much time he's got.
My gay bf learned this lesson the hard way on his last trip to Las Vegas. He was getting it on with a stud he met online who was staying in the same hotel. About five minutes into foreplay, the stud says, "I have to cum right now." When gay bf asked why, stud said, "Because my wife is going to get out of the shower any minute." Yup.
5. Go for the happy ending.
When I told my gay bf I was planning on getting a massage during our trip, he thought I meant I wanted to get my rocks off. He said he wouldn't want a guy rubbing on his naked body with no happy ending, because he would definitely get aroused. When I suggested a female therapist, he made a face like he'd eaten a piece of bad fish.
As for me, I doubt I'll be getting any, because I'm not really a one-night-stand kinda girlie (anymore). Don't look so shocked. However, I have made it my goal to French someone. Wish me luck.
Bye, y'all. Blog ya later!
Please share this because it will make me super happy:
Categories: Totally Random
Tagged as: gay bf, humor, sex, vacation sex
Be a Baby, Why Don't You?
Adventures in Thailand: The Happy Ending
Pingback: I Got Hose in Different Area Codes | Single Girl Blogging
Adam S says:
Bahaha…hahaha!
Haha, so funny! Next time when you go on vacation with your fabulous gay bf get him one of the new Gayjin guides for iPhone (http://gayjin.info). London, Buenos Aires, Riga and Puerto Vallarta Gayjin apps have built-in offline city maps and many cool listings of the gay gathering places. Was very helpful to me in order to get to meet cute guys in London. Enjoy the holiday!
singlegirlie says:
That is great! Thank you. 🙂
LisaBot says:
that guy's abs look deformed and over-photoshopped. look at them….rrrreally LOOK at them…
Dr. Boyd says:
Have fun and stay safe!
I like the "leaving it to God" part!
screamingviolet says:
love it! Enjoy the holiday!
Aw, many thanks!
Nandoism says:
Dig the blog and the gay bf! He's like a gay wizard of oz! Enjoy your vaca and make sure he takes a tub of boy butter!
Thanks sweetness! I'm sure he's packing boy butter. Wonder if there's girl butter. Girl ghee, maybe?
LoveintheDumps says:
"French". AHHAHAHA
Merci, Monsieur Matt!
Do itttt.
Also, gay besties are the best kinds of people.
They are 🙂
MoneyMaus says:
Hahaha! Have a blast…I've never had a problem finding a makeout buddy in any place I've traveled to! Now, if only they were as common in normal life, lol… 😉
The thing that worries me in that department is that when me & my gay bf go out people think we're a couple. Contrary to evidence above that suggests otherwise, he's not a flamboyant gay. I need to get him a T shirt that says "I'm gay, she's single." With rainbows.
ooo—have fun! Vacation sex is the best kind. Enjoy.
Thanks, sweetie! Unfortunately, I'm paranoid about the dreaded vacation herpes.
brewers_rule says:
Enjoy the respite.
I miss my ex's gay best friend. Although, sitting downstairs at some strange guy who he'd just met's house w/her while he had sex w/the dude upstairs the first time I was out w/her and him was a TAD alarming at the time. Especially when you consider there was no closed door and we were trying to find a mood ourself while listening to it the whole time. Ce la vie.
See? They shoulda gone to a sauna. Unless they wanted YOU guys to watch!
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Political centre ground is 'desperate to grow' says Willie Rennie
The Scottish Liberal Democrat leader also indicated that he would continue to push for holding a People's Vote
Lewis McKenzie
Published: 09:51 Updated: 10:36 Friday 22 February 2019
The newly formed Independent Group will provide a "great opportunity" to boost a political centre-ground which is "desperate to grow", according to Willie Rennie.
Speaking on the BBC's Good Morning Scotland on Friday ahead of his party's conference, Mr Rennie praised the decision of the eight Labour and three Conservative MPs to defect.
And the Liberal Democrat leader said that he would be prepared to work with the new group to help progress a moderate agenda.
"I think they're quite courageous, I'm full of admiration that they've taken the step," said Mr Rennie.
"I think it's early days but I'm keen to cooperate with like-minded people and try and increase the force of moderation in British politics, which the Liberal Democrats represent.
"Some of them have been there for quite some time so, actually, taking the step to go as independent is quite something in itself.
"But there's no doubt that there's quite a lot of common ground between us - they're very much pro-European, they're very much in favour of investing in public services, the merits of good immigration to the country - all of those issues are common values and policies between us.
"So we've got to have further discussions with them, we've been discussing with them for some time and in fact, encouraging them to take this step."
The Liberal Democrat leader also indicated that he would continue to push for holding a People's Vote over EU membership and said that it was important for moderate MPs to build voters' trust.
Mr Rennie said: "The potential of the centre-ground vote is really considerable and that's where we've got to try and work together to exploit that vote, give people confidence that it's worthwhile voting for that centre-ground to make that difference so we can have a new, brighter, progressive form of politics that's internationalist in its outlook but also in favour of a good economy and good public services.
"That centre-ground there is desperate to grow and we're determined to contribute towards it".
Having won 23% of the vote in 2010 and forming a coalition government with the Conservatives, the Liberal Democrats have since lost the majority of their MPs.
Currently, there is an equal number of Liberal Democrat MPs as there are members of the Independent Group, with a total of 11.
Mr Rennie said: "We're rebuilding from some difficult times in recent years and there's no doubt we are rebuilding.
"There is a steady growth in our party once again. But this new Independent Group gives us a great opportunity to boost that further forward.
"We're determined to work with them to try and exploit that, to reach parts of the country that perhaps the Liberal Democrats are not as strong in and I think that's where the real opportunity is".


text:
Nigeria To Export Ceramic Tiles – Official
Nigeria is largest manufacturer of ceramic tiles in West Africa.
The Minister of Mines and Steel Development, Musa Sada, on Monday said Nigeria had concluded plans to begin the exportation of ceramic tiles to other countries.
The minister made this known in an interview with the News Agency of Nigeria in Abuja.
He said that Nigeria had hitherto abandoned the exploitation of the clay material that was being used for its production.
The minister said the country had the largest tile factories in West Africa, adding that it would begin the exportation of ceramic tiles just like it did with cement.
"We are hoping that very soon, we will make a declaration on production of ceramic tiles because all our efforts are aimed at industrial production and how to create jobs,'' he said.
Mr. Sada said Nigeria had five privately owned ceramic tile factories, three of which were located in Lagos State, while one each was located in Cross River and Kogi respectively.
"We have the background information on clay deposits and other minerals we have to give these factories and potential investors to enhance the development of the minerals,'' he said.
Besides, Mr. Sada said the case between the Federal Government and Global Infrastructure Nigeria Ltd, an Indian company, which bought Ajaokuta Steel Company, had been settled out of court.
He explained that the Federal Government terminated its contract with Global Infrastructure on the ground that the company lacked the requisite competence in management.
"We have about six memoranda of understanding on the various rolling mills and the training school.
"We have 40 experts from Ukraine working on rehabilitating the place and running it," he said.
http://www.premiumtimesng.com/business/162466-nigeria-export-ceramic-tiles-official.html
New tariff On Imported Cars For July 1
INTENSIVE TRAINING ON DEMAND GUARANTEE
COMPREHENSIVE TRAINING ON LETTER OF CREDIT
INTENSIVE TRAINING ON IMPORT TRADE PROCESSES AND R...
OPINION: Non-Oil Export and Creative Trade Financi...
Cost Of Clearing Goods At Ports Up By 200%
FG to Develop Six New Deep Seaports Using PPP
FG To Establish Shops For Solid minerals' Exportation


text:
Q: How should I edit CMakeLists.txt when I get an error "Undefined symbols for architecture arm64"? I am using CLion IDE on macOS 12. My project name is test2. The contents of the project are: cmake-build-debug (directory), CMakeLists.txt, and main.cpp. I want to run main.cpp:
/* Copyright (C) 2019 IBM Corp.
 * This program is Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0
 * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
 * with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License. See accompanying LICENSE file.
 */

// This is a sample program for education purposes only.
// It attempts to demonstrate the use of the API for the
// binary arithmetic operations that can be performed.

#include <iostream>

#include <helib/helib.h>
#include <helib/binaryArith.h>
#include <helib/intraSlot.h>

int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
    /*  Example of binary arithmetic using the BGV scheme  */

    // First set up parameters.
    //
    // NOTE: The parameters used in this example code are for demonstration only.
    // They were chosen to provide the best performance of execution while
    // providing the context to demonstrate how to use the "Binary Arithmetic
    // APIs". The parameters do not provide the security level that might be
    // required by real use/application scenarios.

    // Plaintext prime modulus.
    long p = 2;
    // Cyclotomic polynomial - defines phi(m).
    long m = 4095;
    // Hensel lifting (default = 1).
    long r = 1;
    // Number of bits of the modulus chain.
    long bits = 500;
    // Number of columns of Key-Switching matrix (typically 2 or 3).
    long c = 2;
    // Factorisation of m required for bootstrapping.
    std::vector<long> mvec = {7, 5, 9, 13};
    // Generating set of Zm* group.
    std::vector<long> gens = {2341, 3277, 911};
    // Orders of the previous generators.
    std::vector<long> ords = {6, 4, 6};

    std::cout << "\n*********************************************************";
    std::cout << "\n*            Basic Binary Arithmetic Example            *";
    std::cout << "\n*            ===============================            *";
    std::cout << "\n*                                                       *";
    std::cout << "\n* This is a sample program for education purposes only. *";
    std::cout << "\n* It attempts to demonstrate the use of the API for the *";
    std::cout << "\n* binary arithmetic operations that can be performed.   *";
    std::cout << "\n*                                                       *";
    std::cout << "\n*********************************************************";
    std::cout << std::endl;

    std::cout << "Initialising context object..." << std::endl;
    // Initialize the context.
    // This object will hold information about the algebra created from the
    // previously set parameters.
    helib::Context context = helib::ContextBuilder<helib::BGV>()
            .m(m)
            .p(p)
            .r(r)
            .gens(gens)
            .ords(ords)
            .bits(bits)
            .c(c)
            .bootstrappable(true)
            .mvec(mvec)
            .build();

    // Print the context.
    context.printout();
    std::cout << std::endl;

    // Print the security level.
    std::cout << "Security: " << context.securityLevel() << std::endl;

    // Secret key management.
    std::cout << "Creating secret key..." << std::endl;
    // Create a secret key associated with the context.
    helib::SecKey secret_key(context);
    // Generate the secret key.
    secret_key.GenSecKey();

    // Generate bootstrapping data.
    secret_key.genRecryptData();

    // Public key management.
    // Set the secret key (upcast: SecKey is a subclass of PubKey).
    const helib::PubKey& public_key = secret_key;

    // Get the EncryptedArray of the context.
    const helib::EncryptedArray& ea = context.getEA();

    // Build the unpack slot encoding.
    std::vector<helib::zzX> unpackSlotEncoding;
    buildUnpackSlotEncoding(unpackSlotEncoding, ea);

    // Get the number of slot (phi(m)).
    long nslots = ea.size();
    std::cout << "Number of slots: " << nslots << std::endl;

    // Generate three random binary numbers a, b, c.
    // Encrypt them under BGV.
    // Calculate a * b + c with HElib's binary arithmetic functions, then decrypt
    // the result.
    // Next, calculate a + b + c with HElib's binary arithmetic functions, then
    // decrypt the result.
    // Finally, calculate popcnt(a) with HElib's binary arithmetic functions,
    // then decrypt the result.  Note that popcnt, also known as hamming weight
    // or bit summation, returns the count of non-zero bits.

    // Each bit of the binary number is encoded into a single ciphertext. Thus
    // for a 16 bit binary number, we will represent this as an array of 16
    // unique ciphertexts.
    // i.e. b0 = [0] [0] [0] ... [0] [0] [0]        ciphertext for bit 0
    //      b1 = [1] [1] [1] ... [1] [1] [1]        ciphertext for bit 1
    //      b2 = [1] [1] [1] ... [1] [1] [1]        ciphertext for bit 2
    // These 3 ciphertexts represent the 3-bit binary number 110b = 6

    // Note: several numbers can be encoded across the slots of each ciphertext
    // which would result in several parallel slot-wise operations.
    // For simplicity we place the same data into each slot of each ciphertext,
    // printing out only the back of each vector.
    // NB: fifteenOrLess4Four max is 15 bits. Later in the code we pop the MSB.
    long bitSize = 16;
    long outSize = 2 * bitSize;
    long a_data = NTL::RandomBits_long(bitSize);
    long b_data = NTL::RandomBits_long(bitSize);
    long c_data = NTL::RandomBits_long(bitSize);

    std::cout << "Pre-encryption data:" << std::endl;
    std::cout << "a = " << a_data << std::endl;
    std::cout << "b = " << b_data << std::endl;
    std::cout << "c = " << c_data << std::endl;

    // Use a scratch ciphertext to populate vectors.
    helib::Ctxt scratch(public_key);
    std::vector<helib::Ctxt> encrypted_a(bitSize, scratch);
    std::vector<helib::Ctxt> encrypted_b(bitSize, scratch);
    std::vector<helib::Ctxt> encrypted_c(bitSize, scratch);
    // Encrypt the data in binary representation.
    for (long i = 0; i < bitSize; ++i) {
        std::vector<long> a_vec(ea.size());
        std::vector<long> b_vec(ea.size());
        std::vector<long> c_vec(ea.size());
        // Extract the i'th bit of a,b,c.
        for (auto& slot : a_vec)
            slot = (a_data >> i) & 1;
        for (auto& slot : b_vec)
            slot = (b_data >> i) & 1;
        for (auto& slot : c_vec)
            slot = (c_data >> i) & 1;
        ea.encrypt(encrypted_a[i], public_key, a_vec);
        ea.encrypt(encrypted_b[i], public_key, b_vec);
        ea.encrypt(encrypted_c[i], public_key, c_vec);
    }

    // Although in general binary numbers are represented here as
    // std::vector<helib::Ctxt> the binaryArith APIs for HElib use the PtrVector
    // wrappers instead, e.g. helib::CtPtrs_vectorCt. These are nothing more than
    // thin wrapper classes to standardise access to different vector types, such
    // as NTL::Vec and std::vector. They do not take ownership of the underlying
    // object but merely provide access to it.
    //
    // helib::CtPtrMat_vectorCt is a wrapper for
    // std::vector<std::vector<helib::Ctxt>>, used for representing a list of
    // encrypted binary numbers.

    // Perform the multiplication first and put it in encrypted_product.
    std::vector<helib::Ctxt> encrypted_product;
    helib::CtPtrs_vectorCt product_wrapper(encrypted_product);
    helib::multTwoNumbers(
            product_wrapper,
            helib::CtPtrs_vectorCt(encrypted_a),
            helib::CtPtrs_vectorCt(encrypted_b),
            /*rhsTwosComplement=*/false, // This means the rhs is unsigned rather
            // than 2's complement.
            outSize, // Outsize is the limit on the number of bits in the output.
            &unpackSlotEncoding); // Information needed for bootstrapping.

    // Now perform the encrypted sum and put it in encrypted_result.
    std::vector<helib::Ctxt> encrypted_result;
    helib::CtPtrs_vectorCt result_wrapper(encrypted_result);
    helib::addTwoNumbers(
            result_wrapper,
            product_wrapper,
            helib::CtPtrs_vectorCt(encrypted_c),
            /*negative=*/false, // This means the number are unsigned rather than 2's
            // complement.
            &unpackSlotEncoding); // Information needed for bootstrapping.

    // Decrypt and print the result.
    std::vector<long> decrypted_result;
    helib::decryptBinaryNums(decrypted_result, result_wrapper, secret_key, ea);
    std::cout << "a*b+c = " << decrypted_result.back() << std::endl;

    // Now calculate the sum of a, b and c using the addManyNumbers function.
    encrypted_result.clear();
    decrypted_result.clear();
    std::vector<std::vector<helib::Ctxt>> summands = {encrypted_a,
                                                      encrypted_b,
                                                      encrypted_c};
    helib::CtPtrMat_vectorCt summands_wrapper(summands);
    helib::addManyNumbers(
            result_wrapper,
            summands_wrapper,
            0,                    // sizeLimit=0 means use as many bits as needed.
            &unpackSlotEncoding); // Information needed for bootstrapping.

    // Decrypt and print the result.
    helib::decryptBinaryNums(decrypted_result, result_wrapper, secret_key, ea);
    std::cout << "a+b+c = " << decrypted_result.back() << std::endl;

    // This section calculates popcnt(a) using the fifteenOrLess4Four
    // function.
    // Note: the output i.e. encrypted_result should be of size 4
    // because 4 bits are required to represent numbers in [0,15].
    encrypted_result.resize(4lu, scratch);
    decrypted_result.clear();
    encrypted_a.pop_back(); // drop the MSB since we only support up to 15 bits.
    helib::fifteenOrLess4Four(result_wrapper,
                              helib::CtPtrs_vectorCt(encrypted_a));

    // Decrypt and print the result.
    helib::decryptBinaryNums(decrypted_result, result_wrapper, secret_key, ea);
    std::cout << "popcnt(a) = " << decrypted_result.back() << std::endl;

    return 0;
}

This is my CMakeLists.txt:
cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.22)
project(test2)

set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD 23)

add_executable(test2 main.cpp)

include_directories(/opt/homebrew/include)

After pressing the run button, I get this message:
====================[ Build | test2 | Debug ]===================================
/Applications/CLion.app/Contents/bin/cmake/mac/bin/cmake --build /Users/jang/CLionProjects/test2/cmake-build-debug --target test2
[1/1] Linking CXX executable test2
FAILED: test2
: && /Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/usr/bin/c++ -g -arch arm64 -isysroot /Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/SDKs/MacOSX12.3.sdk -mmacosx-version-min=12.0 -Wl,-search_paths_first -Wl,-headerpad_max_install_names  CMakeFiles/test2.dir/main.cpp.o -o test2   && :
Undefined symbols for architecture arm64:
  "_ntl_gfree(_ntl_gbigint_body*)", referenced from:
      NTL::ZZ::Deleter::apply(_ntl_gbigint_body*) in main.cpp.o
  "NTL::TerminalError(char const*)", referenced from:
      NTL::LogicError(char const*) in main.cpp.o
      NTL::ResourceError(char const*) in main.cpp.o
      NTL::MemoryError() in main.cpp.o
      NTL::DummyScopeGuard::~DummyScopeGuard() in main.cpp.o
  "NTL::RandomBits_long(long)", referenced from:
      _main in main.cpp.o
  "NTL::conv(double&, NTL::xdouble const&)", referenced from:
      NTL::to_double(NTL::xdouble const&) in main.cpp.o
  "helib::addTwoNumbers(helib::PtrVector<helib::Ctxt>&, helib::PtrVector<helib::Ctxt> const&, helib::PtrVector<helib::Ctxt> const&, long, std::__1::vector<NTL::Vec<long>, std::__1::allocator<NTL::Vec<long> > >*)", referenced from:
      _main in main.cpp.o
  "helib::addManyNumbers(helib::PtrVector<helib::Ctxt>&, helib::PtrMatrix<helib::Ctxt>&, long, std::__1::vector<NTL::Vec<long>, std::__1::allocator<NTL::Vec<long> > >*)", referenced from:
      _main in main.cpp.o
  "helib::multTwoNumbers(helib::PtrVector<helib::Ctxt>&, helib::PtrVector<helib::Ctxt> const&, helib::PtrVector<helib::Ctxt> const&, bool, long, std::__1::vector<NTL::Vec<long>, std::__1::allocator<NTL::Vec<long> > >*)", referenced from:
      _main in main.cpp.o
  "helib::decryptBinaryNums(std::__1::vector<long, std::__1::allocator<long> >&, helib::PtrVector<helib::Ctxt> const&, helib::SecKey const&, helib::EncryptedArray const&, bool, bool)", referenced from:
      _main in main.cpp.o
  "helib::fifteenOrLess4Four(helib::PtrVector<helib::Ctxt> const&, helib::PtrVector<helib::Ctxt> const&, long)", referenced from:
      _main in main.cpp.o
  "helib::lweEstimateSecurity(int, double, int)", referenced from:
      helib::Context::securityLevel() const in main.cpp.o
  "helib::buildUnpackSlotEncoding(std::__1::vector<NTL::Vec<long>, std::__1::allocator<NTL::Vec<long> > >&, helib::EncryptedArray const&)", referenced from:
      _main in main.cpp.o
  "helib::Ctxt::Ctxt(helib::PubKey const&, long)", referenced from:
      _main in main.cpp.o
  "helib::SecKey::genRecryptData()", referenced from:
      _main in main.cpp.o
  "helib::SecKey::GenSecKey(long, long)", referenced from:
      _main in main.cpp.o
  "helib::SecKey::SecKey(helib::Context const&)", referenced from:
      _main in main.cpp.o
  "helib::operator|(helib::IndexSet const&, helib::IndexSet const&)", referenced from:
      helib::Context::securityLevel() const in main.cpp.o
  "helib::ContextBuilder<helib::BGV>::build() const", referenced from:
      _main in main.cpp.o
  "helib::Context::printout(std::__1::basic_ostream<char, std::__1::char_traits<char> >&) const", referenced from:
      _main in main.cpp.o
  "helib::IndexSet::next(long) const", referenced from:
      helib::IndexSet::iterator::operator++() in main.cpp.o
  "vtable for helib::PubKey", referenced from:
      helib::PubKey::~PubKey() in main.cpp.o
  NOTE: a missing vtable usually means the first non-inline virtual member function has no definition.
  "vtable for helib::SecKey", referenced from:
      helib::SecKey::~SecKey() in main.cpp.o
  NOTE: a missing vtable usually means the first non-inline virtual member function has no definition.
ld: symbol(s) not found for architecture arm64
clang: error: linker command failed with exit code 1 (use -v to see invocation)
ninja: build stopped: subcommand failed.

I think I should add something to my CMakeLists.txt, but what should I add?

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
El Departamento de Transporte de la Florida (en inglés: Florida Department of Transportation, FDOT) es la agencia estatal gubernamental encargada en la construcción y mantenimiento de toda la infraestructura ferroviaria, carreteras estatales; así como sus federales, locales e interestatales, y transporte aéreo del estado de la Florida. La sede de la agencia se encuentra ubicada en Tallahassee, Florida y su actual director es Ananth Prasad. El departamento cuenta con 7 distritos.

Distritos

Florida tiene siete distritos de transporte:

Referencias

Enlaces externos
Sitio web oficial (en inglés)

Agencias estatales de Florida
Carreteras de Florida
Transporte de Florida
Agencias estatales de transporte de Estados Unidos
Organizaciones fundadas en 1969

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


The Thousand Lake fault (TLF) is 50-kilometer-long normal fault and a prominent structural boundary between the Basin and Range and the Colorado Plateau in southern Utah. Many of the most active faults in the Basin and Range (those with slip rates > 0.5 mm/a) are located along the margins of the physiographic province such as the Wasatch, East Cache, Great Salt Lake, and Oquirrh faults in northern and central Utah. However, faulting along this margin in southern Utah becomes distributed across an array of less active faults. Determining the relative rates of activity within this array is important for understanding how deformation has been accommodated across the Basin and Range and for characterizing the earthquake hazard. The easternmost fault in this array is the TLF, which trends north-south and dips steeply to the west. Here, we present a preliminary assessment of the TLF earthquake geology based upon bedrock mapping, cross sections, geomorphology, and paleoseismic investigation. Geologic mapping and cross sections reveal that the cumulative throw across the TLF is defined by a Tertiary volcanic tableland which has been displaced by 700-1500 m in the central portion of the fault zone. This indicates that the slip rate has ranged from 0.05-0.15 mm/a since Basin and Range initiation during the mid-Miocene. Surface age dating of terraces along the nearby Fremont River, which flows to the east, cross-cutting the central TLF, indicates that the river is incising at ~0.5 mm/a since about 200 kya, clearly outpacing the fault. In 2018 we conducted a paleoseismic investigation across a ~4m high fault scarp developed within an abandoned alluvial fan surface near Bicknell, Utah. Helium-3 exposure age dating of the large andesite boulders (> 1 m in diameter) which are strewn across the surface indicate that the fan was abandoned during the Late Pleistocene (from 81-246 kya). Paleoseismic trenching revealed good evidence for one ground-rupturing earthquake that displaces a stage III soil carbonate horizon by 0.8-1.2 m. These data indicate that the late Pleistocene slip rate could be less than 0.05 mm/a and that the hazards-relevant recurrence rate along the TFL is likely within the range of 50,000 to 125,000 years per event.
Toke, N. A., Marchetti, D. W., Bailey, C. M., Biek, R., Phillips, J., Bartram, H., & Forster, C. (2018, 08). The Thousand Lake Fault: Earthquake Geology of a Long Recurrence Normal Fault at the Eastern Edge of the Basin and Range. Poster Presentation at 2018 SCEC Annual Meeting.


text:
Georg Herrmann, född den 10 november 1871 i Braunschweig, död den 16 februari 1963 i Karlslunde Strand i Danmark,,  var en tysk sångpedagog, känd under pseudonymen George Armin.

Herrmann var elev till August Iffert, Mary David och Laurits Christian Tørsleff, och väckte mycket uppmärksamhet med sina många skrifter om tonbildning, såsom Das Stauprincip (1905 och 1908). Från 1925 utgav han Der Stimmwart. Bland Herrmanns elever märks Algot Lange, som i Om tonbildning i sång och tal (1900) redogjorde för Herrmanns metod.

Källor
 Carlquist, Gunnar (red.) (1932). Svensk uppslagsbok. Malmö: Svensk Uppslagsbok AB:s förlag, band 12 s. 1170.

Noter

Tyska sångpedagoger
Tyska musiker under 1900-talet
Personer från Braunschweig
Födda 1871
Avlidna 1963
Män
Svensk uppslagsbok


The first ESA hardcover book on Earth observation (EO) dedicated to Copernicus idea competitions, in partnership with AZO, is now also available online.
Copernicus in Action features 70 innovative applications based on Earth observation created with the help of the Copernicus Masters and its affiliated Space App Camps.
Space has become part of our daily life. The European Copernicus Programme offers opportunities for the involvement of new actors with great societal and economical potential for Europe. The so-called "New Space Economy", led by new entrants from the private sector, will play an important role in the development of creative products and services, and adding value to Copernicus services and data. Grab your chance to experience the online journey through the top of line EO services fostering Copernicus User Uptake.
The book is packed with valuable insights, hands-on experience and a comprehensive market overview. The variety of application fields vary from climate & energy, over transport, logistics & infrastructure to disruptive & sustaining innovation.
Learn more about the Copernicus Masters Earth observation competition, the Space App Camps and the multiple opportunities Earth observation offers for commercial applications. Key market players, testimonials of winners and participants – in brief: true innovators – speak about EO-based solutions in a one-of-a-kind format.
Browse through Europe's flagship Earth observation programme and explore its finest selection of high-flying commercial applications.


text:
365 Prince Songs
Morrissey Gets Physical, Sexy: Revisiting 'Your Arsenal'
Decades after the breakup of Brit rockers the Smiths, most fans of the immensely influential band have concluded they will probably never get back together. Singer Morrissey has put together quite an impressive solo career in their wake, and many consider his third full-length release, Your Arsenal, which he released on July 27, 1992, to be a high point.
Your Arsenal was also commercially one of his most successful, both in his native England and here in the States, debuting just one spot removed from the Top 20 of the Billboard 200 tally and spawning two hit singles. "We Hate It When Our Friends Become Successful," which could have easily passed itself off as a Meat Is Murder-era Smiths tune, was the disc's first single and peaked at No. 2 on the Alternative Songs chart (then the Modern Rock Tracks chart), while fourth single "Tomorrow" was one of just two Moz solo tracks to top that tally.
Lyrically, on Arsenal, the notoriously self-conscious crown price of mope-rock suddenly seemed more at ease with himself and less focused on meeting the highbrow literary expectations he had set for himself – an opinion that the singer himself agreed with. "I don't know [why], I'll go and ask him," he joked to British music mag Q back in '92. "But yes. I didn't want to use a lyric sheet. I wanted to make as physical a record as I possibly could instead of constantly being curled up in a little ball at the foot of the bed."
Even the album's cover, which featured the Moz striking an unambiguously sexy pose, turned heads. When an interviewer for Q called the cover "homoerotic," Morrissey replied, "You're the first person who's said that, and it's nice that somebody has."
As for the future of the Smiths -- even back then, just five years removed from the split -- Moz was showing signs that a reunion wasn't going to happen -- he just didn't hold his former group in high regard. "A lot of it I don't actually like ... I don't like what I see within me. I don't like what I see in the other three also," he told Q of the Smith's music. "That's not supposed to sound rude. But I do think that just over half the output, to me, is really ... beautiful."
To a notorious perfectionist like Morrissey, a project with a 50 percent success rate was not something worth revisiting. And while Smiths fans worldwide just share the same opinion, at least they have albums like Your Arsenal to fill the vast void.
The Smiths Albums Ranked in Order of Awesomeness
10 Bands That Owe the Smiths a Round
Filed Under: Morrissey
Categories: Anniversaries
25 Big Things That Didn't Exist Before Nirvana's Last Concert
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Green Tea's natural caffeine promotes even oil production for the entire face. The vitamins and anti-oxidants present in green teal help in dissolving dead skin's protein cells too. Ariul mask therapy helps calm and de-stress the skin. The bio cellulose material of the mask sheet can hold enormous amounts of moisture. All the good substances present in the mask seep into the skin, leaving your skin feel fresh and rejuvenated.
How to use: Cleanse your face and tone. Open the pouch, pull out the mask, and place it on your face, align eyes and nose area first. Relax for 20 minutes, knowing the mask is working hard to beautify your skin. Remove mask and gently pat leftover ampoules for complete absorption.


Cyber-Physical Systems are about to change the landscape of industrial practice. The enormous potential for innovation hidden in this new technology has been extensively researched over the past years. The challenge is now to find suitable operational structures to manage the application of cyber-physical practice in industry and process the gigantic amount of data they produce and exchange. In their new paper, Philipp Gölzer of Fraunhofer SCS and Albrecht Fritzsche of wi1 review the current state of the art in the field. They create a comprehensive overview of the different processes involved and their mutual dependencies. Based on these results, tesearchers and practitioners can gain a better understanding of the challenges that have to be faced in industry and develop sound strategies for the digital transformation.


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Learn More About Agriculture Law in Montgomery, Minnesota
Montgomery is a city in Le Sueur County, Minnesota, in the United States, 45 miles south of Minneapolis. It was named after Richard Montgomery, an Irish-American soldier who served as a major general in the Continental Army during the Revolutionary War. The population was 2,794 at the 2000 census.
Agriculture Law Lawyers In Montgomery Minnesota
Federal court opinions concerning agriculture law in Minnesota
104 US 530 Micou v. National Bank
34 US 541 The Chesapeake and Ohio Canal Company v. Abraham Knapp
54 US 381 John Howard Peaintiff in Error v. Stephen M Ingersoll
43 US 344 Pierre Chouteau Sen v. William Eckhart
43 US 581 Sally Ladiga v. Ricard De Marcus
131 US 123 Thompson v. Hubbard Hubbard
144 US 533 Sharon v. Tucker
164 US 112 Fallbrook Irrigation Dist v. Bradley
180 US 72 Thompson v. Los Angeles Farming Milling Company
71 US 535 Von Hoffman v. City of Quincy


Been busy making birthday presents for Mel and Jo from Cedars Cafe.
Roger and I pop in most Saturdays for our lunch to this lovely, friendly cafe in Skinner Street, Newport.
I made them both a hand embroidered cover for their phones, after they saw mine and liked it.
Think I will make another cover and use it as a mini workshop for our 'Buzzing about in May' classes.
More details about what we will be doing in the month of May at Busy Bees and how you can get involved after Christmas.
These are so beautiful Sandra I'm sure the girls were really pleased.


Vanguard's Australian Shares Fund (VAS) remains one of the largest ETFs available in Australia. Vanguard Australian Shares High Yield Fund (VHY) is their second biggest local ETF. The funds are quite different. We take a look.
Vanguard's Australian Shares Fund (VAS) is no doubt a favourite of many Australian ETF investors. With over $2.6b in funds under management and almost $1b new investments in the last 12 months, it is now the second largest ETF in Australia.
Vanguard's other large Australian based share fund, Vanguard Australian Shares High Yield Fund (VHY) has recently passed the $1b mark, adding almost $300m over the last year. Australian ETF investors have a penchant for yield, and a common question asked by investors seeking yield is should they invest in Vanguard's broad Australian Share fund or Vanguard's High Yield option. We take a look at the two funds, how they have performed and how they differ in their makeup.
What are the differences in these funds?
In essence VAS is a broad based Australian share fund, investing in the 300 largest companies available on the ASX. We had a good look at VAS some time ago when we compared it to its similar peers.
By contrast VHY invests in the same universe of companies, however includes screening criteria to invest only in companies with higher forecasted dividend yields than the overall market. It invests in a much smaller amount of companies, currently just 42. 39% of VHY's portfolio makeup is identical to VAS. VHY is a High Yield Smart Beta ETF. You can have a look at all of the yield focused ETFs available on the ASX in a previous post.
How has the performance differed?
The below chart outlines the performance of VAS and VHY since VHY's inception in May 2011. It includes reinvestment of all dividends. It can be seen that VHY got off to a flying start, and by 2015 had performance history materially higher than VAS. This was during an era where high yield was really in favour. Global interest rates were are record lows and investors were prepared to pay a premium for high yielding companies. Additionally, companies such as BHP, not usually known for high yield, became high yielding companies in the depths of the resources rout. It was also a prosperous time for the high yielding banks as they improved their performance off the back of the GFC.
This changed in 2015, when it became clear that record low global interest rates would not last forever, bank profits were coming under threat on the back of new regulatory requirements, and some of the traditionally high yield paying companies like Telstra began facing headwinds. By the end of May 2018, performance of the two funds in the 7 year history of VHY has been almost identical.
Of course, investors looking for yield are interested not only in the total performance, but also the dividend yield. Below we outline the dividend yield of each over the period from 2012 to 2017. In all periods VHY's dividend yield exceeded VAS, however not by as much as may be expected. In some periods it may be by as much as 2.5% and in other periods as little as 0.19%. In the high yield periods, a large proportion of the distribution is realised capital gains, indicating VHY's approach leads to higher portfolio turnover.
VHY is providing a more concentrated portfolio, with only 42 holdings and the top 10 accounting for 68% of the total. The big banks are well represented, but low dividend payers, BHP and CSL are not. VHY also includes high weightings to traditionally high yielding infrastructure investments, APA and Aurizon.
VHY follows the FTSE ASFA Australia High Dividend Yield Index. The index consists of 'companies with higher forecast dividends relative to other companies listed on the Australian Stock Exchange'. No more than 40% of the index can be invested in any one industry, and no more than 10% in one company.
In 2016, the AFR reported one of the pitfalls of this approach. In 2015 after BHP and Rio Tinto had suffered huge falls in their share price during the resources rout, they refused to change their progressive dividend policies. The share price falls had meant these were two of the highest yielding companies on the ASX, and as a result met VHY's screening criteria, and were included in the portfolios.
Most analysts at the time believed BHP and RIO's dividend policies were unsustainable, and not surprisingly, a short time later in 2016, they slashed their dividends. Meanwhile VHY had accumulated almost 20% of its portfolio in their two companies, before selling them at the next portfolio rebalance (the fund rebalances twice a year). This coincides with VHY's period of underperformance.
This just highlights a risk that exists with 'Smart Beta' type ETFs like VHY, where the fund invests according only to the rules of the index. At times they are forced make investing decisions that skilled humans would not make.
VAS and VHY are both low cost Australian share ETFs, with VAS available for 0.14% pa and VHY 0.25% per annum. The most recent investment cycle has shown periods of outperformance of both options, with 7 year performance roughly the same. For those looking for yield, VHY generally does provide higher distributions than VAS, however part of these distributions tend to be realised capital gains due to the portfolio's higher turnover.
Whilst starting at different share-price points, based the analysis one would expect the share price of VHY would be above its price of 5 years ago as compared to VAS, but in fact it is VAS that has a price at least around its price of 5 years ago- with VHS sitting around 8% less than 5 years ago.