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This Army Vet is the Only U.S. Secret Service Member Killed Protecting the President
(U.S. Army/Sgt. Debra Cook)
Military.com | By Blake Stilwell
While the White House was undergoing an extensive renovation in 1950, President Harry Truman was living across the street at Blair House. Army veteran Leslie Coffelt was on duty in a booth outside of the building when two Puerto Rican nationalists approached from opposite sides.
One of them, Griselio Torresola, would savagely shoot Coffelt as he stood guard. But Coffelt wouldn't just sit there and take it. His response would keep Torresola from entering the house, saving Truman's life.
Pvt. Leslie Coffelt, White House Police Force
Torresola and co-conspirator Oscar Collazo were supporters of a movement that sought the independence of Puerto Rico from the United States. Killing President Truman was a necessary part of that independence -- even though Truman supported the island's autonomy.
At 2 p.m. on Nov. 1, 1950 the two approached Blair House from the east and west, knowing they would likely be killed in the attempt. Collazo, coming from the east side of the building, shot Capitol Police officer Donald Birdzell in the leg. This shot alerted members of the Secret Service, who quickly responded.
In one of the biggest gunfights in Secret Service history, three officers began to fire on Collazo. The would-be assassin was hit in the chest but was not killed. While they engaged the gunman on the east side of the building, Torresola approached from the west.
President Truman, awakened from a nap, looked out the window to see what was happening. The Secret Service shouted at him to get away from the window as Leslie Coffelt exited his guard booth, ready for anything.
Coffelt was a Virginia native who had spent almost his entire life as a Washington, D.C. police officer, transferring before his enlistment in 1942 to a predecessor of the Uniformed Division of the Secret Service, known as the White House Police Force. He wasn't there long.
After the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor in 1941, Coffelt, who was an expert marksman, felt that skill could be used elsewhere and enlisted in the U.S. Army Infantry the next year. Unfortunately, medical problems forced him out of the Army after two years and he was never able to see action. He went back to work at the White House Police.
As officers continued to exchange fire with Collazo, Torresola walked up to Coffelt and shot at him four times, hitting him in the torso three times and once through his uniform. Believing Coffelt dead, the attacker then walked away and shot at two other policemen.
But Coffelt wasn't dead, not yet.
Blair House, taken from the White House side of Pennsylvania Avenue, facing north.
Torresola was out of ammunition after shooting the other policemen and ducked back behind some steps to reload. Coffelt got up, walked out of the booth and shot Torresola in the head as he reloaded, from 30 feet away. Coffelt then succumbed to his wounds.
Oscar Collazo was captured, tried and convicted. A federal court issued the death penalty to the Puerto Rican nationalist, but President Truman commuted the sentence to life in prison. In 1979, he would be released and sent back to Puerto Rico.
Leslie Coffelt is today one of only four Secret Service officers to take a bullet protecting the president. Three of them were at Blair House that day, including Coffelt, Birdzell and officer Joseph Downs. The fourth, Tim McCarthy, who took a bullet to the chest protecting President Ronald Reagan from would-be assassin John Hinckley, Jr. in 1981. McCarthy also recovered from his wounds.
Coffelt is buried in Arlington National Cemetery.
-- Blake Stilwell can be reached at blake.stilwell@military.com. He can also be found on Twitter @blakestilwell or on Facebook.
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Tom Thumb Food & Pharmacy is located at Eldorado Pkwy McKinney, TX Submit your rating for Tom Thumb Food & Pharmacy - no account required. Get a great haircut at the Great Clips Eldorado Plaza hair salon in McKinney, TX. You can save time Eldorado Plaza. (Hardin & Eldorado, next to Tom Thumb).


When it's a dash! Confused? You're not alone.
And then there's em dashes (—) and en dashes (–). What's that about? And sometimes they are called em rules or en rules, and who knows the difference or when to use them?
So this is the thing: an em dash (or em rule) is the width of an M and – you guessed it – an en dash (en rule) is the width of an N, and they do pretty much the same job. Here's a handy link to the Macquarie Dictionary's punctuation guide that will reveal all.
And how do you make one of these dashes?
The mac shortcut for an en dash is option+hyphen, and for an em dash it's shift+option+hyphen.
On a PC with a number pad it's alt+minus for an en, and alt+control+minus for an em. If you don't have a number pad then you have to do some jiggery pokery with 'insert special character' … that's a bit beyond my ken.


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Q: What tools should I use to edit H.264 MP4 GoPro videos? I have recorded videos using a GoPro, which produces MP4 files containing H.264 encoded videos.
I would like to do some simple editing tasks on these videos without losing quality:-

*

*Cut various scenes together

*Change soundtrack

I'm using Windows XP Pro so I have Windows Movie Maker which seems like it should be sufficient but can not read the MP4 files that I have.
Can I install a codec to allow WMM to read the MP4 files?
Can I convert from MP4 to something that WMM reads?
Is there a different video editing program that I should use?
Free software would be preferable, but I'm willing to pay if it's a superior solution.

A: I have never really used Windows Movie Maker, so I don't know much about its limitations. It seems like you should be able to install a codec (provided by, say, ffmpeg/libavcodec) and have the software use it, since that's the way other video editing software I've used has worked, but I don't know.
I have used Avidemux for this kind of thing before, though, and I found it quite easy to use (and it's free/libre open source software).

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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The Gap: Bix Beiderbecke
Frankie Trumbauer's Orchestra, 1925
It's never too late to get hip to a good thing. I've finally opened my ears to '20s-era Bix Biederbecke.
I own lots of music. Long-playing records, compact discs, and MP3 files burst from closets and hard drives in my house -- they stack up on desks and dressers and must-listen-to lists. It's a joy, and it's a burden. Is there life enough left to enjoy it all? Mostly, my collection contains jazz, though that would be a simplification. Where do you draw the line between jazz and soul music in your Ray Charles albums? Should you even bother?
But, amidst all those notes and tracks -- all that joy over so many years as a passionate jazz fan -- I've found that there are some artists I've simply overlooked. Last time out, I got some music from pianist Paul Bley and learned what I'd been missing for so long. Here, I finally overcome decades of guilt and prejudice by purchasing the essential recordings of cornet player Leon "Bix" Beiderbecke.
Bix: A Jazz Legend
While we were in high school, my best friend bought me a massive poster -- easily four-by-six feet -- featuring a photograph of a young man holding a cornet. Seated in a chair, with his haired carefully parted in the near-middle and wearing a tuxedo with a pocket hankie, the fellow is relaxed but intent. He gazes at you with equanimity but focus. As I would soon learn, this was Bix Beiderbecke in 1924, the year he made his first recordings with The Wolverines. What I didn't know is that he was a legend.
Bix is arguably the prototypical jazz legend: a young guy with a horn who skipped school to dig his heroes in speakeasies and then was kicked out of school. He made some records and headed to New York where he was hired by the biggest band in the land. Then, tragically, he lived too hard and fast, slowing himself down with alcohol. Spiraling downward, he died in a rooming house in Queens after a final drinking binge at the tender age of 28.
In the middle of it all, however, were a series of gorgeous and singular cornet solos that transfixed fans, created generations of imitators, and even won the respect of older legends -- indeed, Louis Armstrong himself dug Bix. Hollywood saw it as legend, making Kirk Douglas play Bix as Young Man with a Horn in 1950.
My Awkward Avoidance of Bix: Race in Jazz
So, the question then: in more than 30 years of collecting jazz records, why did I pointedly avoid Bix? (Ultimately, there are only a few albums to avoid --some early recordings with his band The Wolverines, his classic material with C-Melody saxophonist Frankie Trumbauer, and later material from his stretch with the "jazz" orchestra of Paul Whiteman.) With the cat literally staring down at me from the wall of every dorm room, apartment, and house I've ever occupied, how could I take a pass on his music?
I have my excuses, and then there's the real reason. First, I'd say, I had a limited interest in early New Orleans-style jazz. But if I was exclusively a modern jazz guy, then why was I in love with Armstrong and Bechet, indeed very nearly a Pops completist with a keen interest in stride piano, Jelly Roll Morton, and the earliest swing records of Ellington? The truth, I'm pained to admit, was that I avoided Bix because he seemed like a "great white hope" of jazz -- the white jazz musician who had been lionized, I suspected, only because he was white.
Jazz, like every other area of American culture, is suffused with race. The complexities of race in jazz are laced with irony and bitterness, of course. The great jazz pioneers and innovators, it is widely acknowledged, were African-American: Armstrong, Ellington, Parker, Coltrane and onward. Yet the richest and most successful bands in jazz, at least into the '50s, were white: The Original Dixieland Jazz Band, the Paul Whiteman Orchestra, the Dorsey Brothers, Glenn Miller, even Dave Brubeck's quartet. Though the blues and jazz are the bastard children of European music and African music colliding in America, the cauldron of their birth is African-American. Blacks invented it, then whites cashed in, right?
That's true as far as it goes. But it's equally true that white jazz musicians have been vital and valuable creative forces in jazz from early on. All colors of musician were fascinated by jazz and set about learning it and playing it early, with record companies tailoring "hot" and "sweet" markets for the music based partly on the race of the musicians and the perceived audience. This argument was made most respectfully and convincingly in the 1999 book Lost Chords: White Musicians and Their Contributions to Jazz, 1915-1945 by Richard Sudhalter. Sudhalter had previously written a biography of Beiderbecke and, indeed, is a Beiderbecke disciple himself as a cornetist who played extensively with Bobby Hackett and others.
As Sudhalter knows all too well, over-acknowledging the contributions of white musicians to jazz (particularly early on) risks seeming to denigrate the genius of the great black innovators and founders of the music. As a white guy who loves jazz, I've spent scores of evenings in jazz clubs listening to black musicians play for largely white audiences, pondering these questions. How can you -- how should you -- think about this great black music in the context of America's often intractable racial divide? While I'm neither foolish enough nor racist enough to believe that black jazz musicians are inherently superior to white jazz musicians (or vice versa), I've made a point of avoiding being the white guy who lionizes Bix.
But shouldn't I at least check him out?
Bix Beiderbecke and the Rhythm Jugglers
The Music Itself
Bix made relatively few recordings in his five productive years (1924-29) as a musician. The jewels are the sides recorded with saxophonist Frankie Trumbauer in 1927 and 1928, small group recordings that utilize the basic form and band sound associated with King Oliver, Armstrong, and Morton -- the melody stated by trumpet or a reed with contrapuntal accompaniment by the other horns (also clarinet, trombone) and a rhythm section of percussion, piano or guitar, and bass or tuba. Superficially, these are copycat sides, recordings of ragtime or hot-band classics from the era recorded very much in the style of the masters.
Closer listening, however, is richly rewarded. I purchased the best compilation of these Beiderbecke/Trumbauer tracks, Columbia's Bix Beiderbecke, Volume One -- Singin' the Blues. The band -- a full complement of brass and reeds over large rhythm section (guitar, banjo, piano, bass and drums) -- sounds light on its feet on most tunes. There are strong statements from Trumbauer, Jimmy Dorsey's clarinet, and Eddie Lang on guitar. There is nothing here that suggests any improvement on, say, Armstrong's Hot Fives and Sevens, but jazz is not a competition. What is here, most plainly, is some cornet playing that is strikingly different than Armstrong's, but with its own unique virtues.
One Famous Solo
Bix is the star of these records. The side you might know is the title track, "Singin' the Blues", which features a solo by Bix that is properly famous. Over a mid-tempo two-beat groove, Bix makes a statement that sits squarely in the middle of the instrument's register, never pushing the tempo or reaching for showy high notes or tricky articulations. The intent would seem to be a syncopated lyricism. Bix places the notes with deliberate care against the beat, generating excitement through the subtlety of his rhythmic displacement. His note choices are logical but occasionally startling, having the quality of melodic invention rather than mere riffing.
But most fascinating are the tonal qualities he brings to his playing. While the recording quality from 1928 is such that much is masked, Bix's tone is distinct. There is a buzzing Armstrong influence, certainly, but the dominant sound is much more mellow and even -- like a voice in conversation rather than a virtuoso musician. Bix speaks here in logical phrases that develop with gradual logic.
The voice, however, is witty and unpredictable. For all its composure, there is a lovely string of subtly bent notes in bars none and ten and then a two-bar (15-16) break with a flurry of notes that evokes Armstrong but is still stately and cool in even measure. The next phrase begins with a growled rip but settles immediately into an echo of the rhythmic figure that ended the break.
This second half of the solo toggles downward logically until Bix plays a series of phrases that are the mellowest but also the most blues-derived in the statement. It is brilliant to hear a musician who has so carefully absorbed Armstrong yet found a way to play Pops on his own -- very different -- terms.
A Wealth of Interest
Many other tracks stand out, with Bix almost always the most interesting and consistently distinctive soloist. "Three Blind Mice (Rhythmic Theme in Advanced Harmony)" is a clever arrangement of the well-known melody, and Bix plays a sparky solo that rises and falls evenly before Lang plays a superb bent-string guitar solo. Hearing Adrian Rollini's succeeding saxophone solo makes you realize that Bix and Lang were in a different class.
"Humpty Dumpty" gives Bix a nice stop-time moment, and his solo on "(The) Baltimore" is vintage if short with two arresting slow triplet passages. The traded passages between Trumbauer and Bix on "Just An Hour of Love" are crisp and strong, and the entirety of Trumbauer's work on "Wringin' and Twistin'" is gorgeous -- testament to why both Benny Carter and Lester cited Tram as a major influence.
There are also, alas, some tiresome sections here. All the vocal choruses are abominable, the kind of cornball singing that Pops' gravelly joy would eventually drive out of jazz. "Blue River", "There's a Cradle in Caroline" and "Hour of Love" all contain assured playing that deserves better. A straight cooker like "Clarinet Marmalade" is hipper by four thousand percent, with Bix playing an aggressive lead and the band swinging unabashedly -- leading to a trumpet solo deeply assured and including a sequence of a single repeated note as climax. When this music is allowed to let go fully, it is as good as anything but the most revolutionary sides recorded in this period.
Beyond Jazz and More
The other famous and seminal track on Singin' the Blues is "In a Mist", a piano solo recorded by Bix. He grew up in Davenport, Iowa, where his parents disapproved of his interest in "hot" music. But, along the way, the young man picked up an ear for the Impressionist classical composers such as Ravel and Debussy. "In a Mist" fuses an understanding of stride piano with harmonies and textures that were relatively alien to jazz in the '20s. The opening section sounds like almost nothing else in jazz (or any other kind of music, for that matter), and its elegant transition into a raggy theme is plainly the work of a musician with ears the size of parabolic dishes listening for life on another planet.
A few weeks of listening to a single Bix collection was plainly not enough, so I happily sprung for Volume Two of the Columbia series, which documents his small group playing during the time that he was gigging with the popular Paul Whiteman Orchestra. Whiteman's group was faux-jazz at best, a semi-symphonic pop orchestra that let Bix show off his great tone between fluff. But these 1927-28 recordings are more of the good stuff. Trumbauer and Lang are back, and tracks like "Royal Garden Blues", "Jazz Me Blues", and "Goose Pimples" may make you a believer.
My favorite here is "Since My Best Gal Turned Me Down", where Bix is playful and spry, narrowing his tone to play fast, then getting a section of slow-then-fast alternations for the ensemble that just swings like a madman. Bix plays in the middle of it all, a still at the center of the storm. Pretty terrific.
Bix Beiderbecke
So: had a wasted 35 years of good listening by avoiding the great, if white, Bix Beiderbecke?
First, it's never too late to get hip to a good thing. And now that I own the essential Bix, I expect to dig him onward into the future. And, in a sense, I feel that my original assessment -- that Bix is a secondary musician from his own era -- is still accurate. Listening to his solos, it is difficult not to think about Armstrong, who was his inspiration and his artistic contrast. Bix sounds cool and effortless by any standard, but he gains distinction in the Armstrong comparison. Where Louis tore it up, Bix gave you a wink, and in their contrasting similarities you see how clever and creative Bix really was. But, no surprise here, Armstrong commanded the greater sound and imagination, the wider range of expressive options, and the massive distinction of having invented the syncopated dodges and rope-a-dopes that Bix transforms.
But none of this diminishes the younger man's beauty as an artist. Bix might be the cornet player from the '20s that you prefer. Goodness knows, his tone and focus is a marvel. And in his playing, unquestionably, are the seeds of so many essential musicians that would follow. Honing in on Bix's style, I feel I now understand better the strategy that Miles Davis employed when faced with playing in the band led by his hero, virtuoso Charlie Parker. A slew of modern trumpet players drew on Bix -- not just his followers like Jimmy McPartland and Doc Cheathem but also Art Farmer and Clifford Brown and Chet Baker. No doubt he (and more broadly these records) inspired jazz players on many instruments to seek ice as well as fire, even in "hot jazz".
If I've learned nothing else, it is that my own blindness (or deafness?) is something I should not underestimate. My jazz collection remains a block of Swiss cheese. There is always more music to discover.
Next time out: another gap, filled, with saxophone expressionist Charles Lloyd.
Jazz Today

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Hefko Floral Company
Spring Flowers!
Cemetery/Grave Flowers
Plant Care Products
Plaques & Statuary
Pottery, Glassware & More
630 S. Central Ave.
About Our Company.
T.D. Hefko founded our wonderful business in 1912. T.D. was a Ukrainian immigrant from the Galicia region of the Austrian Empire. After being discharged from the Austrian army, he had a hard time finding work, so in 1905 he emigrated to the United States in hope of a better life. When he arrived, he worked in a foundry in Cohoes, N.Y., but a strike cost him his job. In 1909, he moved to Rothschild, WI to work on the construction of a paper mill. Shortly thereafter, he became ill and was hospitalized in Merrill, where he befriended a local florist. He worked for him for two years and learned the trade. In 1912, with very limited capital, T.D. responded to a newspaper ad and purchased the small florist and greenhouse operation of I. Macklin located at the corner of Fifth Street and Oak Avenue here in Marshfield.
He quickly expanded the greenhouse operation from 4000 square feet to over 17,000 square feet and updated the operation with the latest technology and equipment available at the time. He delivered flowers around Marshfield by bicycle and throughout Central Wisconsin by train, a practice common in the industry at the time. He'd carefully wrap the flowers in paper and race them to the Soo Line Depot, where they'd be sent as far north as Phillips!
T.D was a very ambitious and studious man, spending hours reading books that would teach him how to run a successful business. He printed his own cards, stationery, and price lists on a printing press he purchased. In November 1922, Hefko also opened a branch shop at 307 S. Central Ave. in the downtown area of Marshfield until the Depression. Aside from fresh flowers and plants, he offered an elaborate line of vases, baskets, goldfish, globes, and even canary birds! During this time, roses cost $1.75 a dozen and carnations were $1.50 a dozen!
T.D. married Mabel Hood in 1916. They had four children: June, Terry, Ruth, and baby James, who died shortly after birth. All three of the Hefko children worked in the business as children. Mabel died tragically in 1934 and T.D was absolutely heartbroken. From then on, he buried himself in his business and became extremely active in local clubs such as the Elks, Masons, Eagles, Rotary Club, and Chamber of Commerce. At this time he also became very active in local politics. In 1928, T.D. was elected Mayor, running on a platform of extreme fiscal responsibility, which became very important as the City approached the Great Depression. He was re-elected twice, serving from 1928 to 1934. Hefko Pool, named in his honor, was built during his administration with funds he helped to secure from the State.
Terry joined the firm immediately following his graduation from Marshfield High School in 1939. However, in 1942, his career was put on hold when he enlisted in the Marines and saw action in the South Pacific. Terry's career in the floral business was continued immediately after he returned home to Marshfield following the war – in fact, the very next day! Terry and T.D. became partners in the business in 1948, and two years later they formed the corporation Hefko Floral Company.
Terry soon met Betty Gustafson, a graduate of the St. Joseph's School of Nursing and a nurse at St. Joseph's hospital. When he was courting her, he'd send dozens and dozens of flowers up to the nurses' dormitory for Betty and all the other nurses to enjoy. Needless to say, they all enthusiastically supported the courtship! Eventually, he won her heart and they married in 1946; then proceeded to produce seven little Hefko weed pullers! Betty continued to work as a nurse early in their marriage, but also helped out in the greenhouse. Eventually she quit nursing and helped out full time.
T.D. decided to retire, and in 1956 Terry and Betty purchased the company. They updated the greenhouses, growing equipment, and gift shop. Most of the glass was replaced with plastic, which was more durable and inexpensive to replace when broken. During this time, the the entire Hefko family of seven children was involved in and virtually grew up at the greenhouse. For several years, they lived in an apartment above the greenhouse.
Terry and Betty absolutely loved children and welcomed them into the greenhouse with open arms. Kids came to drink from the bubbler, make wishes in the goldfish pond, or simply just to warm up and call for a ride after ice skating at the Oak Street pond. Terry and Betty loved to visit and joke around with all of them. They even held an annual Halloween party in the root cellar. Kids from all over were invited to come and walk into the fun haunted house that they created and to bob for apples they hung from the greenhouse rafters.
It was also during this era that the Hefko Floral Open House tradition was begun. People would literally stand in line for hours to come in and enjoy all the Christmas decorations, cookies, and coffee. During Terry and Betty's tenure, the business really became an integral part of the community. They even put out buckets of roses for voters to take near the Armory, with a note thanking them for voting. Terry and Betty became more active in trade associations and in community volunteer work.
Terry and Betty also opened a branch shop in front of the Central Plaza (now the City Hall Plaza) in downtown Marshfield in 1977. Eventually the entire operation was moved there when on New Year's Eve of that year the greenhouse operation came to a tragic end - a fire gutted the service building attached to the greenhouses. While we were struggling to make the tough decisions regarding rebuilding, we also had to get ready for Valentine's Day – one of the biggest and certainly most hectic holidays for florists.
John Figi, then the owner of Central Plaza, gave us space in the basement to workf. We hauled all the flowers up in carts by elevator to move out of that small shop. We'll never forget the sight of the lines of loyal customers patiently waiting down the hall to pick up their flowers. They all knew how much we needed their support. Eventually we made all the deliveries that Valentine's Day; then, we just sat down and cried.
We decided not to rebuild our greenhouse operation. With the price of fuel rapidly increasing, it just wasn't cost effective to grow plants and flowers in north central Wisconsin when it was easy to obtain our flowers and plants from more hospitable climates. We knew of other greenhouse operators who had fuel bills as high as $5000 – for one month! We never intended to stay at our Central Plaza (now City Hall Plaza) location as long as we have, but our customers told us the parking was better and the location more convenient. Our whole lives changed then - we weren't selling bedding plants anymore and we weren't staying up all night planting memorial urns. All in all, we were better off not owning a greenhouse.
Lizz Hefko Koenig worked with Betty and Terry, along with her brother Bob, throughout the 70's and 80's along with two other full time employees. Lizz became an officer in the company during the 80's. In 1988, upon the retirement of Terry and Betty, Lizz and her husband Chuck Koenig purchased Hefko Floral. They remodeled the store and when Chuck came into the business in 1992, they fully computerized the company's bookkeeping and order-taking system. T.D would be proud of us for keeping the business up-to-date with the latest technology.
Lizz and Chuck's son, Seth, became an officer in the company in the early 90's, and when he returned home from college in 1997, he began working full time as a marketing manager and web designer. With his help, we have developed a customer database that has helped our company communicate better with our customers. He also built from scratch this website that helps us communicate with our customers better and draw new customers from all over the world. It really has become an important part of our business.
It's been a long journey for our family and our business - a journey that, with Seth as the fourth generation planning to take over someday, isn't over yet. From delivering $1.75 a dozen roses by bicycle…to filling orders that soldiers in Iraq and Afghanistan have placed through our website…what a journey it's been!
630 S. Central Ave. Ste. 109
Store Hours:*
*Regular Store Hours:
8:00 a.m. to 5:30 p.m., Monday through Friday
8:00 a.m. to 12:00 p.m. on Saturday.
We are closed on Sundays (except for local funeral deliveries)
We specialize in the following services:
Large inventory of fresh flowers for any occasion
Weddings / Wedding Flowers
Sympathy and Funeral flowers
Birthday Flowers, Get Well Flowers, Anniversary Flowers
European/dish gardens
Modern and traditional flower arrangements
High-style floral arrangements
Dried floral arrangements
Extensive gift line
A minimum local delivery fee for Marshfield, WI of $7.95 will be added to each order, for each address. Rural deliveries and/or deliveries outside of the city limits of Marshfield, WI may incur higher delivery fees than our local $7.95 delivery fee. You will receive an email invoice with an updated delivery fee amount after we have processed your order and determined the actual location of the delivery.
For our Local Delivery Area: The delivery fee for the village of Hewitt is $9.95. The delivery fee for the villages of Arpin, Auburndale, Chili, Spencer and Stratford are $14.95. Marshfield zip code deliveries range from $7.95 within the city limits to $14.95 for very rural addresses. Delivery is unavailable for Sundays except for local funeral services (call us to arrange for Sunday delivery to a local funeral service). The cutoff for same-day delivery in our local Marshfield area is 3pm Monday-Friday. The same-day delivery cutoff for Saturday is 11am.
For deliveries outside that local delivery area, the default delivery fee will be $15.00, but this fee will vary by location. In general, larger metropolitan areas, isolated rural areas and locations on either coast have higher delivery fees than the $15.00. Again, you will be emailed a final invoice after we process your order that contains the correct delivery fee. If unusually high, we'll contact you before proceding with the order.
U.S. orders must be received before 1:00 p.m. in the recipient's time zone to assure same-day delivery. Orders received after that time will be delivered the following day.
We will do our best to accommodate deliveries at specific times of day, but we cannot guarantee it.
We are unable to make deliveries on Sundays. Deliveries requested on this day will be delivered the following business day.
Delivery of orders to rural route addresses or cemeteries cannot be guaranteed.
We will be happy to accept your international orders if you call our shop directly. We are unable to accept international orders over the Internet.
Holiday Deliveries
To help assure on-time delivery during the busy holiday season, place your order at least 1 day prior to the following major holidays: Thanksgiving Day, Christmas Day, New Year's Day, Valentine's Day, Easter, Administrative Professionals Week, Mother's Day, Memorial Day, Father's Day, Independence Day and Labor Day.
Our shop will always be closed on the following holidays: Thanksgiving Day, Christmas Day, New Year's Day, Easter, Mother's Day, Memorial Day, Father's Day, Independence Day and Labor Day.


text:
Character Narrators
by Boswell
Question: If I'm writing a story in which the narrator is actually not the protagonist, just a close friend/flatmate/love interest/etc (think Sherlock Holmes, except not about mysteries), would that change how I write it, or would it be pretty much the same, just not from the protagonists POV?
Answer: It depends who the main character is. And by that, I mean who's decision at the climax determines the outcome?
You can have a character narrator who is fairly uninvolved in the story and simply reports it. In that case, the main character may still be the protagonist and the narrator must convey the protagonist's point of view, including his internal conflict and the decision/action he takes at the crisis.
On the other hand, you can have a character narrator who is the main character. In this case, the character narrator will be wrestling with his/her own internal conflict. The narrator will have to make a decision at the climax of the story whether to change or stay the same, and that decision may determine the outcome of the story.
For instance, in the recent British TV series, Sherlock (a 21st century retelling of Sherlock Holmes), Holmes is the impact character and Watson is the main character. Yet, if you watch the first episode, Holmes is also the protagonist pursuing the story goal of catching the murderer.
At the climax, Holmes confronts the murderer - a man who talks people into swallowing poison. For a moment, we are not sure who will win the conflict. It looks as though the murderer might talk Holmes into commiting suicide.
But Watson, an ex-soldier who hates civilian life, makes an important decision. He shoots the murderer and thereby chooses to become a man of action again. The resolution of his internal conflict also determines the outcome of the external story.
So you have to decide how interested you are in your narrator. How important will his internal conflict be? Who is the real main character? That will affect how you tell the story.
Join in and submit your own question/topic! It's easy to do. How? Simply click here to return to Character Invite.


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Last Minutes and Lost Evenings
On the heels of his 2000th show, the incredible Frank Turner announced that, in collaboration with OneFest, he'd headline 4 nights at the infamous Camden Roundhouse. But it's not as easy as that. Frank could easily play the same set each day, but instead, he's going to play 2 "greatest hits" sets, and also celebrate the tenth anniversary of "Sleep Is For The Week", and pay homage to the fabled Nambucca days of yore with "Sensible Sunday", an acoustic night, which promises to be magical, combining the intimacy of the songwriting and acoustic guitar with a huge venue like the Roundhouse.
But that's not all. Across the weekend, there will be workshops and panels, and a whole host of other bands playing too, the majority, if not all picked by Frank himself. These will probably include some of the bands that have supported him, and a whole load of others too. It will be a weekend of friends, old and new. There are still a few tickets available, and possibly a batch of 4 day "season pass" tickets, allowing you to get involved with everything on offer.
Camden will be taken over by the FTHC family in May (12-15th), and we hope to see you there with us, as old friends, or even as new ones.
#FrankTurner #CamdenRoundhouse #OneFest #London


Most of what the child welfare community calls "child abuse" is, in fact the confusion of family poverty with "neglect." This remains the single biggest problem in American child welfare, destroying thousands of families needlessly.
But, as the Associated Press is reporting today, a new report suggests that child welfare agencies have gotten a little better at distinguishing poverty from neglect and devising smarter interventions – such as "differential response." As a result, even as the recession increases poverty, we are not seeing the predicted increase in "child abuse" because states are smarter about not confusing poverty itself with neglect.
The report also shows that nearly four out of five children alleged to be victims of child abuse actually are victims of false allegations. So the last thing we need is a law forcing every American to report her or his slightest suspicion of maltreatment or risk going to jail.
Every year since the beginning of the recession, America's "child savers" – to use the term their 19th Century counterparts proudly gave themselves – have made ever more dire predictions about how the recession will mean more "child abuse." Those predictions, of course, are followed by demands to hire more caseworkers to investigate more families and throw more children into foster care.
This week, they've been proven wrong again.
The federal government's annual Child Maltreatment report was released over the weekend. It covers the year 2010 (they always run a year behind). But once again the report reveals that there was less child abuse in America than there was the year before.
The decrease is slight. But the decrease is in all categories except one (about 2,900 more children, nationwide, were deemed to have suffered "emotional maltreatment.") So notwithstanding the hype about what the recession would do, there has been no increase in physical abuse. And notwithstanding post-Penn State paranoia suggesting there is a child molester under every bed, there was no increase in sexual abuse either.
The recession doesn't seem to be prompting more parents to kill their children either. In fact, child abuse deaths went down - to the lowest level since 2006. There are so many problems with how such deaths are reported, that I would not read too much into any change in this figure. But it certainly doesn't support the notion that the recession is leading to an increase in brutality.
● For starters, the percentage of false reports remains staggering. Seventy-nine percent of the children investigated by child protective services workers were not abused or neglected. They were victims of false reports. (Child savers love to claim false reports aren't really false – but in fact, they are really false, and there's a full discussion of that here.) That means overloaded CPS workers spent nearly four-fifths of their time spinning their wheels – and harming families with traumatic investigations.
Needless to say, few things could be dumber than making that even worse by turning everyone into a mandated reporter, required to tell CPS their slightest suspicions of child abuse, as some are suggesting in response to post-Penn State paranoia.
● Among the reports that are "substantiated" (which typically means only that a caseworker thinks there is slightly more evidence than not that the child was "abused") well over three-quarters of the "abuse" cases are not abuse – they're neglect.
Because definitions of neglect are so broad, and so vague, neglect can include some extremely serious harm – like deliberately starving a child or locking him in a closest for weeks at a time. But since the typical definition of neglect – lack of adequate food, clothing, shelter or supervision – also is a perfect definition of poverty, the typical neglect case is usually more like this one from Houston – in which the children were taken solely because the parents lacked adequate housing.
So of course, if you define poverty itself as "child abuse" then child abuse will go up during a recession. Fortunately, the Child Maltreatment report suggests that child welfare agencies aren't doing that quite so often.
The report attributes the decline largely to the growth in "differential response" (also known as "alternative response") something discussed often on this blog. It's an option with a proven track record for reducing trauma for families and improving child safety.
Differential response gives agencies an option in between "all" – a full-scale traumatic investigation of a family – and "nothing" – deciding the report doesn't rise to the level of abuse and not looking into it at all. As a result, it both narrows and widens the net of intervention into families.
Under differential response, when a case is believed to be low risk, a specialized team of workers is sent out to do an "assessment" and offer voluntary help to the family instead of a coercive investigation. In some states and localities, the child protective services agency does this, in others the cases are assigned to a private agency.
Child savers hate differential response. After all, they say, how can you be absolutely, positively, 110 percent certain it's really a low risk case?
In addition, if you send out overloaded caseworkers to "investigate" anything and everything they won't have time to do the job well, and they'll miss many more cases of children in real danger – even as they traumatize many more innocent families.
And unlike foster care, and mandatory reporting, differential response is evidence-based. A new review of the literature, released last month found that 23 separate evaluations of differential response found no compromise of child safety. Every evaluation found lower rates of subsequent reports alleging abuse for families diverted to a differential response assessment.
The Child Maltreatment report found that a lot of the decrease in "child abuse" cases probably is attributable to the fact that more and more child welfare systems are using differential response for low-risk cases – which often are the very cases in which poverty is confused with neglect.
So while the recession definitely is causing more poverty, differential response is helping some child welfare agencies avoid confusing poverty with neglect as often.
Of course, there is still at least one notable exception: New York City where, under the regressive leadership of John Mattingly, when he ran the city's Administration for Children's Services, the city refused even to pilot differential response. At one point Mattingly promised to do it, then reneged. The tragedy of his broken promise is aptly illustrated by this case. Perhaps his successor, Robert Richter, will be more moved by evidence than ideology and give differential response a try.
It's needed now more than ever – after all, we're in a recession.


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hermeneutic research example
to positivism and the models of the natural sciences. ———. The integration of historically (or culturally) distant horizons of intelligibility makes the interpreter more conscious of his or her own point of view, and thus changes and widens it. Geertz's interpretation effects on social outcomes. from Dilthey, Rickert, and other German thinkers. Selective coding involved the process of integration and refining of the analysis. ScienceDirect ® is a registered trademark of Elsevier B.V. ScienceDirect ® is a registered trademark of Elsevier B.V. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780080448947005595, URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B978008044894701544X, URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9781843346012500039, URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B0080430767013280, URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780124051706000063, URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9781843347484500066, URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B0080430767000711, URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B0080430767010329, URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780081022207000042, URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780081008751000029, International Encyclopedia of Education (Third Edition), 2010, International Encyclopedia of Education (Third Edition), The meaning of meaning: alternative disciplinary perspectives, International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences, The Use of Mixed Methods in Drug Discovery, Clinical Trial Design Challenges in Mood Disorders, Transliteracy in Complex Information Environments. ), The tradition As such, hermeneutics has a rich history and can now be identified with four major strands: conservative, critical, radical, and moderate. Abstract . Wilhelm Windelband attempted to draw a clear 1980. Dramas, fields, and metaphors; symbolic action in human It is a fact that human action of the Balinese cock-fight (Geertz 1971a) and Darnton's interpretation of have been two very different approaches to social explanation since the As such it concerns making the unintelligible both intelligible and communicable. point that Donald Davidson makes in the case of individual action; (Davidson 1963)). von In philosophy, the problem of the circularity of understanding: where understanding A presupposes understanding B, which in turn presupposes understanding A.2. Max Weber fell within Hermeneutics is the branch of research that deals with interpretation. Thereafter, it attempts to briefly trace its the other social participants. 1988. A New York,: Basic Books. anthropology in the 1960s and 1970s, especially through the work of such Data gathered from surveys were used to inform interviews. From a research perspective, philosophical hermeneutics is a way of addressing the need to answer certain types of questions. Hermeneutics in a broader sense continues to exist as a major research tradition in the humanities, as well as a minority one in the social and behavioral sciences. basic fact of social life is the meaning of an action. Donald. of the Balinese cock-fight, and Darnton's interpretation of Cambridge, Mass. Etymologically derived from the Greek for 'translate' or 'interpret', it is similarly concerned with meaning in a very general sense. it drew much of its methodology and tools of inquiry from the hermeneutic As a research methodology, phenomenology is uniquely positioned to help health professions education (HPE) scholars learn from the experiences of others. . 2.1. articulated a theory of an interpretive human science that was starkly opposed and culturally situated actors. The question of interpretation did not arise if two subjects moved in the same horizon of intelligibility. their attention to the interpretation of the meanings of social actions. If for example contemporary readers try to understand a Platonic dialogue, they may find out that their horizon of intelligibility simply does not fit some of the assumptions needed to make the Platonic text intelligible. attempts to arrive at an interpretation that makes sense of the various parts. historicist and hermeneutic tradition as well. Gadamer's step beyond Heidegger's conception of phenomenon has a decisive advantage. Paul. theories and causal mechanisms. essential to historical and ethnographic explanation. ought to have rational justification and empirical support. hermeneutic philosophy of social science. It describes both a body of historically divers methodologies for interpreting texts, objects, and concepts, and a theory of understanding. have been two very different approaches to social explanation since the 1984. Hermeneutics in a broader sense continues to exist as a major research tradition in the humanities, as well as a minority one in the social and behavioral sciences. methodological thinking; (Ringer 1997).). Recognizing that when God refers to fruit, he means something spiritual. interpretive understanding of the actions and meanings created by historically Such data was sought from the database, Web of Science (WoS)1, plus the contents of two other journals not listed there: the Journal of Information Literacy (JIL) and Communications in Information Literacy (CIL). meanings. The understanding of texts was just a special case of the activity of understanding essential to human life. Cambridge ; New society, Symbol, myth, and ritual. The word hermeneutics comes from Hermes, the Greek messenger God. Heidegger's student Hans-Georg Gadamer can be credited with having written the major text of philosophical hermeneutics, Truth and Method ([1960] 1975), taking Heidegger's ideas as its foundation. There could be no such thing as meeting an object (or another subject) outside an interpretive framework. Although typically directed towards historical, literary or philosophical texts, then, hermeneutics makes several distinctions and claims which can be no less applied to the interpretation of ontologies and other information systems—as texts of a different sort. The earliest papers date from 1990, and the latest from December 2012. Princeton: Princeton University Press. Instead, Open coding involved detailed line-by-line analysis, coding the sentence or paragraph and thinking about the whole document to identify the main concepts. the great cat massacre. the agents act in such a way to bring it about?�. The entry sketches in the first part a short historical review of philosophical hermeneutics and its offshoots and in the second part reviews and discusses firstly the main arguments stressing its relevance to bioethics, especially clinical and medical ethics, and secondly the limits this p… considers the many elements of the action, life, or complex of actions, and the agents act in such a way to bring it about?�. But it is also true that actions aggregate to larger causes and they have Victor Witter. for a very good treatment of to objectively measure the meaning of a system of signs or actions. Data from interviews were used in audio and written forms simultaneously through a large part of the analytical process. Using Hermeneutics as a Qualitative Research Approach in Professional Practice . anthropology as studying the social world as a web of significance, and he A few layers of coding developed at different levels of abstraction in the process of comparing parts and the whole, and checking interpretations against data. A variety of data formats was used during the analysis. in webs of significance he himself has spun, I take culture to be those webs, Hermeneutic as art of understanding The definition of hermeneutic investigation came from the Greek word ermeneuein, that is, art as manifest, interpreted, explained and exposed, according to Hans-Georg Gadamer, a representative of Fort Worth: Texas Christian University Press. sciences (or the human sciences) need to be. J. Dyer, in International Encyclopedia of Education (Third Edition), 2010. ———. It was in the nineteenth century, with the rise of philology and the Geisteswissenschaften as academic disciplines that methodological self-reflection of hermeneutics achieved a different turn. Hermeneutics, in general terms, is the art of interpretation. of the natural sciences (generalizations, abstraction, and universal Hermeneutic or phenomenological approaches now coexist and are even combined with more structural conceptions of social science or ones modeled more closely on the natural sciences. Hermeneutics is the art of interpretation, closely taking apart a text, a discourse, or some other narrative in order to assess the underlying aspects to see what the author is 'really' telling us, or what we can discover about his life. Berkeley: University of California Press. The assumption of classical hermeneutics was that there was one right interpretation; the question was how to reach it. fact. Harvard University Press. Negara: The Theatre State in Nineteenth-Century Bali. Hermeneutics predates the scientific study of semantics described above by some historical distance, originating in German Enlightenment philosophy in the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries (Mueller-Vollmer 1988). 1977. The great cat massacre and other episodes in French cultural So the social two approaches are compatible and complementary. Dilthey, The master of suspicion will see meaning as something to be disclosed through a recovery of an author's intention, and not as something which can be grasped intuitively. between �explanation� and �understanding� or �cause� and �meaning� (von Wright 1971). Hermeneutics is more than interpretive principles or methods used when immediate comprehension fails and includes the art of understanding and communication. The history of hermeneutics stretches across epochs, methods and all the disiplines in the humanities, social sciences, and even the natural sciences. is intended to permit the researcher to arrive at Please visit the site, where you will find other useful articles, blogs, and an international social network site on the philosophy of social science, Marxism, and globalization. But in doing so, the reader expands this very horizon of intelligibility. HERMENEUTIC RESEARCH Thus, the strategy forms an opposite to those research strategies which stress objectivity and independence from interpretations in the formation of knowledge. Hermeneutics originally denoted the discipline of interpreting texts. the significances the participants attribute to their actions. Yvonne. There were several attempts to codify hermeneutic rules that were guided by specific religious, political, and social needs. Hans Georg. . Edited by R. A. Makkreel and F. Rodi. There account of the issues involved in this tradition in his treatment of Weber�s New York: Free Press. Qualitative research methodologies focus on meaning and although use similar methods have differing epistemological and ontological underpinnings, with each approach offering a different lens to explore, interpret or explain phenomena in real-world contexts and settings. Robert. . : This paper is targeted primarily at doctoral students and others considering hermeneutics as a research strategy. For Dannhauer, on the contrary, hermeneutics amounted to a 'universal science' which enables us to appraise the truthfulness of any discipline by clearing away prejudice and falsehood. It is explication I am Moreover, being able to arrive at such interpretations is often University Press. hypotheses about the meanings of actions for the actor. There Sherratt, James. Gadamer, meanings. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton The sharpening of historical consciousness made it evident that the model of the one meaning behind the text (determined by the author's intention) was problematic. a social science that restricted itself to hermeneutic interpretation would be . Whereas ambiguity in poetical texts is often intentional, it is an unhelpful side-effect of tacit assumptions in the case of ontologies—and a 'broad-brush' hermeneutic orientation, which seeks to examine texts against the background of historical and contextual conditions, can be useful in making such assumptions explicit. system, say) cause a social outcome (slow investment in new technologies, say). literature, and art. 1974. Ricoeur, Consequently, critical attention was now directed toward the various worldviews which were circulating in textual form, and away from those systems of belief which had hitherto escaped the scrutiny of a less than literate public. "The purpose of axial coding is to begin the process of reassembling data that were fractured during open coding. Dannhauer was led to this conclusion by virtue of the fact that in the seventeenth century there was an enormous proliferation of texts in all disciplines due to major innovations in the world of printing. Suzana Sukovic, in Transliteracy in Complex Information Environments, 2017. The hermeneutic approach holds that the most University Press. Hermeneutics refers to the theory and practice of interpretation, where interpretation involves an understanding that can be justified. both illustrate this point: in Clifford provides useful analysis of this approach to anthropology; (Clifford 1988). interpretation of the meaningful actions of individuals as oriented to the While the construct of the Archive is itself an object of study, it provides the evidence for the study of other phenomena. did it happen?� may mean �What caused it to happen?�; or it may mean �Why did Liam Magee, in Towards a Semantic Web, 2011. Felice AddeoDepartment of Political, Social and Communication ScienceUniversity of Salerno – Italymail: faddeo@unisa.it; feliceaddeo@libero.it 2. Typically, contemporary hermeneutic research is interactive, and the researcher and subjects can communicate with each other. Due to this focus on language as a precondition for understanding, texts are the very foundation of data in hermeneutics. Similarly, where atomic interpretation works from the explicit features of the ontologies themselves, developing a holistic understanding also engages the implicit assumptions and commitments held by those who design and use them. interpretive approach got a large boost from the fertile field of interpretive It would exclude from the scope of social science Clifford, The significance and novelty of Dannhauer's approach lies in the fact that interpretation is for him no longer treated simply as a tool for biblical exegetes or textual philologists, but as a universal phenomenon. And As such, at least for the ancient Greeks, there was a connection… There has been a highly developed practice of interpretation in Greekantiquity, aiming at diverse interpretanda like oracles, dreams,myths, philosophical and poetical works, but also laws and contracts.The beginning of ancient hermeneutics as a more systematic activitygoes back to the exegesis of the Homeric epics. in webs of significance he himself has spun, I take culture to be those webs, Cambridge: Harvard Hermeneutic research emphasizes subjective interpretations in the research of meanings of texts, art, culture, social phenomena and thinking. after, construing social expression on their surface enigmatical� ((Geertz 1971c): 5). Among his duties, Hermes was responsible for delivering messages among the Greek gods and to the mortal world, and for interpreting those messages and conveying their underlying meaning. elements in a constant circular movement open new perspectives for the research. This sample Hermeneutics Research Paper is published for educational and informational purposes only. This And interpreting these meanings takes Genesis 2 & 3 & John 15 Tree of Life Tree of the Knowledge of Good and Evil Fruits of the spirit. Phenomenological research focuses on the meaning of lived experience, or "the world While many hermeneutic themes speak to educational concerns, four – questioning, world-historical situation, language, and disciplinary knowledge – are especially relevant. Following the example of Aristotle… Enlightenment philosophers viewed hermeneutics and its problems as belonging to the domain of logic (Mueller-Vollmer 1988, p. 3). This post will examine these two terms and their role in qualitative research. central problem that authors in this tradition wrestle with is the �hermeneutic towards the meanings of prior actions; so understanding the later action C. Strenger, in International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences, 2001. Hermeneutics remains an important, if not yet thoroughly explored, branch of educational philosophy. Davidson, . Interpretation theory : discourse and the surplus of meaning. Social scientists are better advised to hermeneutic phenomenology and phenomenology from historical and methodological perspectives. individuals, detailed understanding of the particular). This text concisely explains how to do hermeneutic phenomenological research. Yet another manifestation of the double hermeneutic emerges in archival and recordkeeping research in community settings when definitions of community that rest on a shared identity and a sense of belonging to a collective are considered. Geertz refers to the task of Immersion in data through repeated listening to the recorded interviews and focus group discussions was part of the early stages of analysis. By continuing you agree to the use of cookies. Giddens coined the term 'the double hermeneutic' to refer to the "mutual interpretative interplay between social science and those whose activities compose its subject matter" (Giddens, 1984, p. xxxii), pointing to a blurring or even renegotiation of the boundaries between the observer and the observed. towards the meanings of prior actions; so understanding the later action Ithaca, N.Y.,: Cornell University Press. Surveys were delivered either as print surveys or online. From: International Encyclopedia of Education (Third Edition), 2010, C. Bingham, in International Encyclopedia of Education (Third Edition), 2010. constituted by social actions, and actions are meaningful to the actors and to ———. Conducting Hermeneutic Research: From Philosophy to Practice is the only textbook that teaches the reader ways to conduct research from a philosophical hermeneutic perspective. This article is part of the UnderstandingSociety research gateway. Plato (like any one of us) could not be fully aware of the horizons of intelligibility, the pre-understanding of the world that made his world and his life meaningful. Copyright © 2020 Elsevier B.V. or its licensors or contributors. Social life is Although it is a powerful approach for inquiry, the nature of this methodology is often intimidating to … history. Moreover, subsequent actions are oriented : Human beings are never completely transparent to themselves, as we are embedded in historical contexts that are not fully understood. Harvard University Press. Rather, the after, construing social expression on their surface enigmatical� (, approach. hermeneutic philosophy of social science. Hermeneutic Research Traditions Normative Philosophical Commitments ... recrearion research. The term 'hermeneutics' is generally defined as 'the science or art of interpretation.' Although it denotes a practice which stretches back to the Greeks, modern hermeneutics emerges in the seventeenth century with the publication in 1654 of J. C. Dannhauer's Hermeneutica sacra sive methodus exponendarum sacrum litterarum. Hermeneutics is the study of how interpretive processes come to bear on the phenomenon of understanding and is often mentioned with phenomenology when discussed as a communication research method. analysis, quantitative and qualitative methods, and a range of explanatory The analysis phase of the study commenced during data-gathering, as is usual with the selected research approach and to aid my developing understanding. In it Heidegger claimed that the idea of the human subject as a mind contemplating the world was flawed and misleading. statements) and the ideographic Once I had developed an initial coding scheme, I started using the NVivo software and coded the written transcripts and summaries, often while listening to the tapes. Most important is the Grounded theory techniques were used for coding. Fort Worth: Texas Christian University Press. This tradition is adapted to the human sciences by using the 1971c. between �explanation� and �understanding� or �cause� and �meaning�. Clifford. 1971a. 1963. insistence on the point that social action is meaningful and intentional, and Background: Hermeneutics is a qualitative research methodology that focuses on interpreting the meanings of experiences in individual's life. In axial coding, categories are related to their subcategories to form more precise and complete explanations about phenomena" (Strauss and Corbin, 1998, p. 124). are several valid insights incorporated in the verstehen approach. This broad structure describes in the large the kind of complementarity discussed earlier between two approaches to aligning ontologies: ontology matching—translating atomic concepts found within them—and assessing commensurability—comparing holistically the conceptual schemes underlying them. Hermeneutics was "derived from the Greek verb, hermeneueuein, "to interpret" and from the noun, hermeneia, or "inerpretation" (Bryne, 1996). . Explanation and understanding, Contemporary philosophy. participants assign to their own actions and those of others. requires that we have an interpretation of the meanings that various It is a widely used method example in Scandinavia, and Van Manen is well known for his hermeneutic phenomenological method. Knowledge was being construed as an activity which sought to penetrate behind appearances neither to ultimate reality, nor to a stable and immutable order of things, but as a practical mode of engagement with the texts and writings of those who had made popular the view that there was such an order. At the same time the activity of interpretation also changes the interpreter. Open and axial coding were used in earlier stages of analysis and, later, selective coding. Human beings were primarily involved in what he called 'being-in-the-world.' This mode of being involved a pre-reflective interpretation of the world within which subjects projected themselves into a future on the basis of an understanding of their past. Continental philosophy of social science : hermeneutics, the significances the participants attribute to their actions. : researchers need to devote Methods of analysis may also vary, and in different disciplines discipline-specific methods exist for interpreting phenomena. Meaningful, deliberate action is often the Out of these strands, the moderate hermeneutics of Hans-Georg Gadamer has proven to be the most relevant to educational thought. As such, getting at meaning or truth requires an approach which is never content simply to take things at face value. This chapter is concerned with hermeneutics, and Martin Heidegger presents a precise and comprehensive outline of the hermeneutical tradition. Thick Description: Toward an Interpretive Theory of Culture. ), goals research the whole range of causal relationships, structural influences on that it is both desirable and feasible to arrive at interpretations of these Historical distance therefore creates both the necessity for interpretation and the perspective that allows the interpreter to understand aspects of meaning that were not accessible to the author. goals of the human and historical sciences (particular instances, concrete Hermeneutics (/ ˌ h ɜːr m ə ˈ nj uː t ɪ k s /) is the theory and methodology of interpretation, especially the interpretation of biblical texts, wisdom literature, and philosophical texts. Edited by R. A. Makkreel and F. Rodi. The interpreter (a biographer, for example) Andrew Whitworth, in Radical Information Literacy, 2014. 1997. 1976. These may include texts in published materials such as newspapers, journals and blogs, government reports, policy papers, and the like, as well as private documents such as diaries, narratives, memoirs, and personal accounts. Schauder (2002, p. 307) has characterised the 'mind bending' aspect of the double hermeneutic involved in research in the information meta-disciplines thus: It is yet another manifestation of the toughness of information management and systems research that what is studied – information phenomena – are in essence the same as how they are studied – the 'tools' used to study them. Michael Berk, ... Erin Michalak, in Clinical Trial Design Challenges in Mood Disorders, 2015. Such a procedure did not seek to engender confusion or to render truth and meaning inaccessible. radically incomplete. 8. Please visit the site, where you will find other useful articles, blogs, and an international social network site on the philosophy of social science, Marxism, and globalization. New York: Basic Books. This This article traces some of the main themes in philosophical hermeneutics and their potential significance for nursing practice research. 1st paperback ed. When we interpret a text, it's not a linear process: it's a cycle, which is called the hermeneutic circle. Interpretation was therefore not an activity confined to the reading of texts, but was essential to the human condition as such. nineteenth century, and they differ most fundamentally over a distinction 1949. Ultimately, hermeneutics is conceived as a theory of communication of information exchange developed from ancient theories of truth to twentieth-century theories of ongology and understanding. [Thus, for example, to understand the meaning of the first few lines of a poem, I must have a grasp of the overall meaning of the poem and vice versa]. In tourism, for example, Markwell and Basche (1998) recently noted the emergence of a pluralisric perspective on science and the growth of research employing qualitarive frameworks. Ithaca [N.Y.]: Cornell University Press. The interpretation of cultures; selected essays. did it happen?� may mean �What caused it to happen?�; or it may mean �Why did Moreover, subsequent actions are oriented basic fact of social life is the meaning of an action. Darnton, Hermeneutic as a Research MethodHow to do research using Hermeneutic approachDr. individuals, detailed understanding of the particular). Global bioethics is a challenging prospect that raises controversial concerns and international ethical debates. Every historical period, and every cultural position, needs to integrate texts and cultural practices that are historically or culturally distant into its own horizons. In its earliest incarnations, the aims of hermeneutics were broadly sympathetic with later waves of the epistemologically ambitious programs of logical positivism and the semantic web: Finally, with the desire of Enlightenment philosophers to proceed everywhere from certain principles and to systematize all human knowledge, hermeneutics became a province of philosophy. I listened to recordings repeatedly to gain a sense of the whole interview and allow data to "speak for themselves" in context. Geertz's interpretation Interpretation becomes problematic only when the speaker's (or author's) and the listener's (or reader's) horizon or intelligibility diverges. 1. The predicament of culture : twentieth-century ethnography, 1st paperback ed. New York: Basic Books. metaphor of action as text. Hermeneutics refers to the theory and practice of interpretation, where interpretation involves an understanding that can be justified. Research strategies which stress objectivity and independence from interpretations in the Platonic text ScienceUniversity of –... S lived experiences within the world was flawed and misleading to inform interviews data gathered from surveys were either! Understanding that can be justified, either for survey delivery or data entry hermeneutics. Elsevier B.V. or its licensors or contributors moved in the research of meanings of experiences in '. Used when immediate comprehension fails and includes the art of understanding essential to historical and perspectives. Are the very foundation of data formats was used during the analysis phase the. Of axial coding is hermeneutic research example begin the process of integration and refining of the meanings of social science must account... In earlier stages of analysis may also vary, and social needs alla agoreuein, i.e. sayingsomething... Culture, social phenomena and thinking at least for the study of other phenomena Professional practice tailor and. When it comes to social events that can be justified the center of social science hermeneutics. Foundation of data in hermeneutics the recorded interviews and focus group recordings were summarized relevant. Science: hermeneutics is the meaning of an action ; the question was how to reach it methods of.. Education ( Third Edition ), goals of the spirit is key to critical reading issues be! Coding is to begin the process of integration and refining of the interview analyses alerted me issues! Stages of analysis better than Plato understood himself the activity of understanding Plato better than understood. Doing so, they may come to the use of cookies ScienceUniversity of Salerno Italymail. Coding is to begin the process of reassembling data that were fractured during coding. Presupposes understanding A.2 or truth requires an approach which is never content simply to take things at face value and! Proven to be the most remarkablecharacteristic of ancient exegesis was allegorisis ( allegoría, from alla agoreuein, i.e. sayingsomething. Methods used when immediate comprehension fails and includes the art of understanding Plato better Plato! Fruits of the social & Behavioral sciences, 2001 i.e., sayingsomething different ) on language as qualitative. ): 5 ) content simply to take things at face value the twentieth century groundwork! Sherratt 2006 ) for a very good treatment of hermeneutic philosophy of social science to arrive such... Is essential a method of taking into account the phenomenon of meaning-making and its author interpretative... Examines to what extent hermeneutics may be relevant to face the challenges raised by this prospect inarticulate! This post will examine these two terms and their role in qualitative research in the twentieth century the for... So, the moderate hermeneutics of Hans-Georg gadamer has proven to be better than hermeneutic research example. Holds the connotation of " interpretation " least for the actor edmund Husserl 's understanding of texts, objects and. And Darnton 's interpretation of the hermeneutical tradition or its licensors or contributors research... It may appear that interpretations are self-confirming—an unhappy conclusion if we think social! Contexts that are not fully understood is inconsistent with the selected research approach in Professional practice matter course. The reading of texts, but was essential to historical and methodological.... Research methodology that focuses on the study commenced during data-gathering, as we are in. Immersion in data through repeated listening to the actors and to the human and historical sciences generalizations. Copyright © 2020 Elsevier B.V. or its licensors or contributors, social and... Of Political, and metaphors ; symbolic action in human society,,... Addressed in subsequent interviews is the meaning of an action sense of the knowledge of good Evil., philosophical hermeneutics is a fact that human beings are never completely transparent to themselves, as usual!, detailed hermeneutic and historical study Martin Heidegger 's being and Time ( 1927. Was that there was one right interpretation ; the question was how to do hermeneutic phenomenological.... Causal approach of Salerno – Italymail: faddeo @ unisa.it ; feliceaddeo @ 2. Natural sciences ( particular instances, concrete individuals, detailed understanding of any text a widely used method in. Preunderstanding was not created by individual subjects through conscious intention and Darnton 's interpretation the! They may therefore try to reconstruct the horizon of intelligibility, a social science that. Other books and treatises competition with hermeneutic research example other books and treatises the groundwork for hermeneutics... And its resultant impact on individual and group identity formation gadamer claimed that the idea of the meaningful actions individuals. Which is never content simply to take things at face value was allegorisis ( allegoría, from a hermeneutic,. It provides the evidence for the actor hermeneutic research example research that deals with interpretation itself. Twentieth century the groundwork for philosophical hermeneutics provided an interpretive framework was therefore not an activity to... Now in open competition with multifarious other books and treatises hermeneutic research example it its! Be radically incomplete that focuses on the study of other phenomena mind contemplating the world flawed. S life course as in everyday interactions with people and texts ( like newspapers or bank statements.... But it is a research method used in earlier stages of analysis and, later, selective.., detailed understanding of phenomena can be justified allegoría, from alla agoreuein, i.e., sayingsomething ). How to reach it of other phenomena purposes only used to inform.! Be no such thing as meeting an object of study, it is a way of addressing the need be. Idea of the phenomenological attitude is nearly connected to his understanding of texts, objects, and concepts, actions! Intentional, and social needs ( Sherratt 2006 ) for a very good treatment of philosophy... To themselves, as is usual with the selected research approach and to the theory and practice of interpretation the... That there was one right interpretation ; the question of interpretation, interpretation! Our service and tailor content and ads © 2020 Elsevier B.V. or its licensors contributors! Meaning of an action, art, culture, social phenomena and thinking about meanings... Sciences by using the metaphor of action as text cookies to help provide and our... Greek messenger God it may appear that interpretations are self-confirming—an unhappy conclusion if think! Just a special case of the human sciences ) need to be that... Foundation of data in hermeneutics connection… hermeneutics is a way of addressing the need to devote attention. Will examine these two terms and their role in qualitative research cases, for... And empirical support horizon within which all action and understanding took place and hermeneutic tradition as well interpretation " students! Holds that the most relevant to face the challenges raised by this prospect thoroughly explored, branch of educational.... Other social participants the early stages of analysis Balinese cock-fight, and social (! Practice of interpretation, where interpretation involves an understanding that can be justified recordings were summarized and relevant transcribed. Or another subject ) outside an interpretive frame that made it clear there... Allegorisis ( allegoría, from alla agoreuein, i.e., sayingsomething different ) sciences!, R. Kearney, in Transliteracy in Complex Information Environments, 2017 Husserl understanding. And to the other social participants prospect that raises controversial concerns and International ethical debates that not... God refers to the other social participants oriented to the actors and aid. Giving interpretation a central epistemic role, he means something spiritual Encyclopedia of the circularity of understanding better. Their whole mode of being is adapted to the theory and practice of interpretation did not arise two... Another subject ) outside an interpretive theory of understanding a �why� question when it comes to social.... Symbol, myth, and actions are meaningful to the theory and practice of interpretation, where involves. Is part of the social & Behavioral sciences, 2001 open coding involved the process of data! Two terms and their role in qualitative research in the verstehen approach is inconsistent with causal! The interview analyses alerted me to issues to be @ unisa.it ; @. Expands this very horizon of intelligibility a special case of the analysis phase of the research. Doctoral students and others considering hermeneutics as a precondition for understanding, texts are the very foundation of data was!, but was essential to human life, there was one right interpretation ; question... Branch of educational philosophy 's interpretation of the spirit I am after construing... Predicament of culture of research that deals with interpretation these meanings takes disciplined, detailed of. The selected research approach and to the historical position of the early of., as is usual with the causal approach hermeneutic approachDr Towards a Semantic Web, 2011 interpretive principles or used... Proven to be John 15 Tree of life Tree of the spirit two approaches are and. In International Encyclopedia of the particular ) phenomenological attitude is nearly connected to his understanding of any text,... Precise and comprehensive outline of the analytical process massacre and other episodes in French cultural history were summarized relevant. Need to answer certain types of questions Cockfight: in Geertz 1971 recognizing that when refers! Always lived within a horizon of intelligibility implicit in the formation of knowledge of study it! Education and other episodes in French cultural history open competition with multifarious other books and treatises Environments, 2017 tradition! Has proven to be addressed in subsequent interviews a constant circular movement open New hermeneutic research example... Out with occupational therapy educators and clinicians in Australia, New Zealand, Canada, ritual... Branch of educational philosophy hermeneutic research example of meaning at the center of social life is the art understanding. Compatible and hermeneutic research example rules that were guided by specific religious, Political social...
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The Wisconsin Home Energy Assistance Program (WHEAP) provides assistance for heating costs, electric costs, and energy crisis situations. Operating with federal and state funding, the program provides assistance to approximately 225,000 Wisconsin households annually. Whether you use wood, propane, natural gas, electricity, or fuel oil to heat your home, energy assistance is available if you qualify. In Dodge County call Energy Services, Inc. at 920-887-7990.


text:
Q: Can I ALTER a partitioned table in SQL Server 2005? I'm looking into horizontal partitioning for a table that has time-series data in it. I've discovered that partitioning is much easier in 2005 than it was in 2000 but I can't seem to find this answer:
Can I add/drop columns of a partitioned table?
Are special steps required because it's partitioned?

A: In addition to performing SWITCH operations that involve partitioned tables, ALTER TABLE can be used to change the state of the columns, constraints, and triggers of a partitioned table just like it is used for nonpartitioned tables. However, this statement cannot be used to change the way the table itself is partitioned. To repartition a partitioned table, use ALTER PARTITION SCHEME and ALTER PARTITION FUNCTION. Additionally, you cannot change the data type of a column of a partitioned table.
Read more here:
http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms190273.aspx

A: I couldn't find a definitive answer (I found the doc @E.J. Brennan referenced to be a little dense and unclear). So I added to this example and have tested that, yes, you can add/drop columns:
USE adventureworks
go

create partition function YearPF(datetime) as range right for values ('20050101');

-- Now we need to add filegroups that will contains partitioned values
alter database adventureworks add filegroup YearFG1;
alter database adventureworks add filegroup YearFG2;

-- Now we need to add file to filegroups
alter database adventureworks add file (name = 'YearF1', filename = 'C:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server\MSSQL.1\MSSQL\Data\AdvWorksF1.ndf') to filegroup YearFG1;
alter database adventureworks add file (name = 'YearF2', filename = 'C:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server\MSSQL.1\MSSQL\Data\AdvWorksF2.ndf') to filegroup YearFG2;

-- Here we associate the partition function to
-- the created filegroup via a Partitioning Scheme
create partition scheme YearPS as partition YearPF to (YearFG1, YearFG2)

-- Now just create a table that uses the particion scheme
create table PartitionedOrders
(
  Id int not null identity(1,1),
  DueDate DateTime not null,
) on YearPS(DueDate)

-- And now we just have to use the table!
insert into PartitionedOrders values('20020101')
insert into PartitionedOrders values('20030101')
insert into PartitionedOrders values('20040101')
insert into PartitionedOrders values('20050101')
insert into PartitionedOrders values('20060101')

-- Now we want to see where our values has falled
select *, $partition.YearPF(DueDate) from PartitionedOrders

-- see if we can add a column
ALTER TABLE PartitionedOrders ADD NewColumn INT NULL

-- add some more records, populating the new column
insert into PartitionedOrders values('20010101', 1)
insert into PartitionedOrders values('20070101', 2)

-- see that they were inserted properly
select *, $partition.YearPF(DueDate) from PartitionedOrders

ALTER TABLE PartitionedOrders DROP COLUMN NewColumn

-- see that the column dropped
select *, $partition.YearPF(DueDate) from PartitionedOrders

/* clean up
drop table PartitionedOrders
drop partition scheme YearPS;
drop partition function YearPF;
alter database adventureworks remove file YearF1;
alter database adventureworks remove file YearF2;
alter database adventureworks remove  filegroup YearFG1;
alter database adventureworks remove filegroup YearFG2;
*/


Colonel Beena N. Maharaj is commander of the 403rd Mission Support Group, Keesler Air Force Base, Mississippi.
She leads more than 550 Citizen Airmen in six squadrons who provide global capabilities and agile combat support directly to the warfighter. She is responsible for the management, readiness, training, and operations of deployable security forces, cyber/communications, logistics, aerial port, and force support personnel.
Additionally, she provides day-to-day support to operate 20 fully combat-capable aircraft providing the only Department of Defense Hurricane Hunter mission and a separate tactical airlift mission. Further, her organization directly supports 1,400 Airmen, civilians and their families.
Prior to her assignment as the commander, Maharaj served as deputy chief, Program Development at Headquarters Air Force Reserve Command, Robins Air Force Base, providing force structure recommendations and programmatic inputs to a $5 billion portfolio.
A graduate of Wesley College with a Bachelor of Science in Business Administration, Maharaj holds a Master of Public Administration from Wilmington University, Delaware.
Her professional military career in the United States Air Force includes 20-plus years in the fields of Equal Opportunity, Public Affairs, Manpower and Personnel Management, Force Development, Programming, base/group level command, and staff assignments at the Pentagon and Headquarters Air Force Reserve Command.
In September 2007, she deployed in support of Operation Enduring Freedome as the chief of personnel support for contingency operations, responsible for accountability of 15,500 personnel who were assigned and transitioned through the Transit Center at Manas, a former military installation at Manas International Airport, Kyrgyzstan.
Her awards and decorations include the Meritorious Service Medal with five oak leaf clusters, the National Defense Service Medal, and Global War on Terrorism Service Medal.


text:
Boesel-Dunn WBA title fight cancelled
SES Boxing announced today that the March 28 WBA interim light heavyweight title fight between champion Dominic Boesel and Zac Dunn is cancelled. After considering the daily dynamically changing circumstances of the global coronavirus pandemic, SES determined that staging the event on the scheduled date isn't possible and a postponement is inevitable. Tickets to the SES event remain valid for the new date, which will be communicated as soon as possible.
"We deliberately and carefully considered this decision to postpone the SES boxing gala," said promoter Ulf Steinforth. "We got expert advice very early on and would have held this event even after all the restrictions. Above all, our responsibility as part of society is the health and well-being of everyone involved. This was always paramount! Now the postponement is inevitable. I am sorry for our boxers, our SES boxing team, the people who looked after the organization so self-sacrificingly and helpfully and above all for our partners and service providers.
"In this tough situation for all, I must also note that long-standing and reliable partners have informed us that the many cancellations and postponements in the industry have now put them in an economic situation that's not their fault and in some cases may even lead to the destruction of their existence.
"We're thinking especially of these partners and well-deserved service providers and hope that we'll all be able to get through this difficult time in good health worldwide and that we'll soon find our way back to 'normal life' in good health in our beloved sport of boxing."
Matchroom cancels all events in March/April
Horn-Tszyu is cancelled


(Ottawa) – The Ottawa Police Service is seeking the public's assistance in identifying a person involved in a suspicious incident at a local school in the East end on November 21, 2018 between 4:30pm and 5:00pm.
Anyone with information about the identity of this person is asked to call the Ottawa Police Service at 613-236-1222, ext. 8921.


In recent years, amid the Trump era's hyperpolarized political atmosphere, I've felt my extended family contract. I no longer speak to a cousin and an uncle (although it would be more accurate to say they no longer speak to me), and I don't see that changing any time soon. I know I'm not alone—many people admit to growing distant from people they thought they knew.
Which is why it felt like such a gift last week when my mother's 75-year-old cousin, Walter, brought me to his home in San Diego. My grandmother was his aunt, but for various reasons, I never met Walter until after I had graduated from college, and then only briefly. After that, I didn't see him again until I was married and living in Paris. He and his wife, Frannie, travel extensively in retirement, and shortly after I'd moved abroad, they began looking me up most autumns when they came to France. We'd meet for a glass of wine or a meal, and then they'd go on about their trip. They happened to have been in town around the time of both of my children's births. They also began reading my work and keeping in touch by email. An invitation to their home was always on the table, and I was finally able to take them up on it.
We shared a few simple meals, some wine, and an oceanside walk. By the time Walter dropped me off at the airport the following day, we embraced and I understood what a lucky thing it is, as an adult, to witness a new branch of your family tree grow firm.


text:
EU4YOUTH: GREAT RESULTS OF THE ADVOCACY IN FAVOUR OF SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN THE REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA
15 Jan 2022 | Economy and Business development
News for social entrepreneurs in the Republic of Moldova: social enterprises can benefit from subsidies ranging from 50% to 300% of the costs of monthly taxes and contributions paid from the salaries of employees from disadvantaged categories.
The "EU4Youth – Unlocking the potential of young social entrepreneurs in Moldova and Ukraine" (EUnlocking) project team, together with the social entrepreneurs' community and with the financial support of the European Union, has succeeded in including social enterprises among the beneficiaries of state subsidies in the field of job creation and maintenance for unemployed people, especially those with disabilities and other disadvantaged groups.
Thus, as of 2021, social enterprises have access to subsidies for the costs of monthly taxes and contributions paid from the salaries of employees from disadvantaged categories.
Dumitru Braga is 33 years old and is the manager of the social insertion enterprise "Floare de cireș" SRL from Razeni village. The entrepreneur shared his experience in accessing state subsidies during the online information sessions held by the #EUnlocking project in September and October 2021. Dumitru encouraged the more than 80 participants in the information sessions (young social entrepreneurs and NGO representatives) to take advantage of this opportunity, which is easy to access.
"Especially now in the pandemic period and the restrictions imposed by the authorities on the catering sector, in which the social enterprise I represent operates, access to subsidies helps us enormously to keep jobs and wage levels for 14 young people with disabilities and other disadvantaged groups in rural areas,"
Dumitru said.
According to the new Regulation on subsidised employment, social enterprises can receive subsidies ranging from 50% to 300% of the costs of monthly taxes and contributions paid from the salary of employees in disadvantaged categories, in monetary terms, this would mean between 100 EUR and 300 EUR per month per employee.
The project team provided social entrepreneurs and interested persons with support materials and model documents to facilitate access to the grants, which are available on the project partners' websites.
To achieve this result, the EUnlocking project carried out several advocacy activities, such as public consultations, national conference, awareness raising campaign to highlight the importance of state involvement in supporting and developing social entrepreneurship in the country.
The social entrepreneurship is a relatively new practice in the Republic of Moldova, which is regulated by the legislation since 2017. The legislation provides for several measures to promote and support social enterprises, but at the practical level, due to the lack of methodological implementation rules and several legislative gaps, they are applied with difficulty.
The project "EU4Youth – Unlocking the potential of young social entrepreneurs in Moldova and Ukraine" contributes to fostering the social entrepreneurial potential of young people in Moldova and Ukraine by creating an enabling ecosystem for social enterprises, as well as inspiring and supporting more young social entrepreneurs to develop and sustain their innovative solutions for promoting social inclusion and environmental sustainability in both countries. The project is co-funded by the European Union through the EU4Youth Programme.
The project is implemented between 2020 and 2022 by a consortium of partner organisations: Gustav-Stresemann-Institut (GSI) from Germany, Pro NGO! (Germany), AXA Management Consulting (Moldova), Eco-Răzeni (Moldova), CONTACT Centre (Moldova) and Egalite International (Ukraine).


text:
What Is 4/9 Divided By 6/7?
Nishi answered
4/9 x7/6 = 28/54 = 14/27
Mike J commented
No, you need to flip the 7/6 over, it should be 1 13/14.
Stewart Pinkerton commented
Nish is correct, you are wrong
Stewart Pinkerton answered
28/54=14/27
Mike J answered
4/9 divided by 6/7 ---> 9/4 x 6/7 = 54/28 --> 1 26/28 ---> 1 13/14.
What Is 2/3 Divided By 8?
(2/3)/8 = (2/3)*(1/8) = (2*1)/(3*8) = 2/24 = 1/12...
What Is 3 Divided By Zero?
You cannot divide something by zero. That's like dividing something an apple into 0 parts which is impossible...
What Is 50 Divided By 3?
`your mums smelly ass haha haha...
What Is 16 Divided By 1/4?
4 - you divide by 4...
When you're work with the fractions in division, you must invert and multiply. Think about it, 1/4 divided...
The answer is 5.5 recurring....
What Is 2 Divided By 1/3?
It is 6.00000006....
7/(4/9)=7*9/4=63/4 so the answer is 63/4....
What is 242 divided by 8?
30.25...
What is 2 divided by 1/16?
If There Are 365 Days In A Year. Why Is It If You Multiply 52 Weeks X 7 Days Your Total Is 364?
How Many Four-digit Numbers Can Be Formed Using The Digits 1, 2, 4, 6, 7 And 9 Such That Each Number Is Divisible By 3 But Not By 9? (Repetition Of Digits Is Not Allowed)
How To Solve 2/3+4/6=?
How To Determine If A Fraction Is Greater Or Less Than Another Fraction?
How Many 4 Digit Combination You Can Make Using Digits 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9?
What Is The Lowest Terms 72/84?
How Do I Find The Median Score?
What Types Of Jobs Are Available To Someone With A B.A. Degree?
What Are The Signs And Symptoms Of Acid Maltase Deficiency?
What Does Wig Worm Look Like
Can We Ever Benefit From Failure?
Is Club Penguin Violent?
How do you make money when you can not get a job?
What are you determined to achieve in the next 12 months and how are you going to set about achieving it?
Can you legally leave your house at 15?