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The actual and potential impact of the novel 2019 coronavirus on pediatric rehabilitation: A commentary and review of its effects and potential disparate influence on Black, Latinx and Native American marginalized populations in the United States
Issue title: COVID-19's Impact on the Practice of Pediatric Rehabilitation Medicine: Insights and Recommendations
Guest editors: Matthew McLaughlin and Christian Vercler
Article type: Other
Authors: Sholas, Maurice G.
Affiliations: Principal and Pediatric Physiatrist, Sholas Medical Consulting, LLC, PO Box 8103, New Orleans, LA, 70182-8103, USA | Tel.: +1 504 322 2886; E-mail: [email protected]
Correspondence: [*] Corresponding author: Principal and Pediatric Physiatrist, Sholas Medical Consulting, LLC, PO Box 8103, New Orleans, LA, 70182-8103, USA. Tel.: +1 504 322 2886; E-mail: [email protected].
Keywords: Health disparities, equity, coronavirus, COVID-19, pediatrics, marginalized population, disability, rehabilitation, function, Black children, Latino children, Native American children
DOI: 10.3233/PRM-200722
Journal: Journal of Pediatric Rehabilitation Medicine, vol. 13, no. 3, pp. 339-344, 2020
The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant health impact around the world. In the United States, there has been a difference in infection and death rates for Black Americans and other marginalized groups as compared to White Americans. Although children do not seem to be suffering infection, morbidity and mortality to the same degree as adults, there is concern that COVID-19 could have a disparate impact on children with acquired or congenital disabilities when analyzed through the lens of race and equity. The possibility that there could be a differential effect on rehabilitation services relates to: the risk of familial/parental exposure leading to secondary infection, the negative economic impact of public health measures required to control disease spread, and the pre-existing social factors that impact access to healthcare. Finally, the psychosocial stresses imposed by COVID-19 inflame risk factors for non-accidental injury, which could lead to an increased need for pediatric rehabilitation services in vulnerable populations. It is critical that individual providers, as well as the health systems in which they practice, actively focus on mitigating personal and systemic causes of racial and ethnic health outcome disparities. These efforts need to move beyond a race neutral construct to specifically anti-racist activity.
A novel coronavirus presented and began infecting humans, leading to a worldwide pandemic starting in 2019. The virus caused a severe respiratory syndrome in those most notably affected. As such, it was named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. SARS-CoV-2 is the virus that causes the coronavirus disease. Thus the disease is labeled COVID-19 for the virus and its year of origin. The global COVID-19 pandemic originated in the Wuhan province of China, but ultimately impacted the United States along with many developed and developing nations. As the data emerges, public health professionals sounded the alarm that the pandemic could have a disparate impact on vulnerable populations [1]. In the United States, early data reported from multiple jurisdictions showed that there was a disproportionate impact of this novel coronavirus when measuring death rates and infection rates in Black, Native American and Latinx persons when compared to White populations in multiple areas of the country [2]. These differences among vulnerable communities reflect known health outcome disparities in other care areas and disease processes.
Health disparities are also present at baseline in rehabilitation care. For example, there are notable racial and ethnic disparities in pain management resulting in Black and Latinx patients being less likely to get analgesia for acute pain than Whites [3]. Black and Latinx children requiring rehabilitation services following complex traumatic injuries were both less likely to be discharged to rehabilitation facilities and less likely to receive rehabilitation services after discharge from the acute care hospital [4]. The same was shown for pediatric Latinx populations for outpatient services after brain injury [5]. There is also compelling data that Native American and Native Alaskan children do not have the same degree of functional improvement from rehabilitation services as White children [6]. As such, there is a concern that these disparities, present in many disease states in addition to those requiring pediatric rehabilitation, will continue in COVID-19 related cases impacting functional outcomes and services. There is added concern that if the novel coronavirus takes hold in children with disabilities, this effect could be magnified in children from marginalized groups. This publication seeks to review the available data, elucidate areas of concern, and propose potential solutions to combat health disparities in the COVID-19 pandemic that affect the Pediatric Rehabilitation treatment diaspora.
2.Risk of infection
In the United States, like many countries, hospitals and healthcare systems modified their patient care plans in response to COVID-19. Outpatient visits deemed elective were postponed and non-essential surgical/procedural interventions were cancelled. State Medical Boards, in coordination with state government health departments, codified regulatory changes requiring a halt to elective and/or non-essential procedures. These actions were taken primarily to preserve personal protective equipment, which was in short supply in key healthcare service areas. A secondary effect was to decrease the risk of frequent users of healthcare systems to coronavirus exposure and subsequent infection. Therefore, medically stable children with physical disabilities have been able to avoid leaving their homes for clinician visits. In addition, school closures across the country removed the other major reason children with disabilities leave the home. As such, patients with acquired or congenital disabilities are among the most thoroughly compliant with public health measures promoting sheltering at home and social distancing to control the spread of the virus.
The risk of children with disabilities contracting coronavirus infection is directly related to caregivers and/or family members that share their living arrangements. Household transmission data informs that risk. The phenomena of a non-infected person, living with a COVID-19 infected person, and becoming infected is called secondary transmission or the secondary attack rate. Data from the outbreak epicenter in China shows that this novel coronavirus has a household transmission rate that is higher than other coronaviruses like Middle-East Respiratory Syndrome and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome [7]. It is also higher than the common flu [7]. The relative risk varies depending on the relationship of the secondarily affected to the ill family member. The secondary attack rate for a spouse of an infected person is 27.8% whereas that for a child of the infected person is 4% [7]. In addition, the virulence of the virus in children overall is much reduced compared to adults [8]. This is reflected in the relatively low pediatric infection rate and exceptionally rare pediatric fatality as compared to adults. The social isolation inherent in the lives of children with physical disabilities [9] as well as their immaturity, potentially make these medically vulnerable children relatively protected against coronavirus infection. The risk of infection may be small, but it is not zero, and it is likely influenced by societal factors impacting the wellness of marginalized communities.
3.Secondary impact
The public heath response to control the spread of COVID-19 has centered on some key actions:
• Physical distancing/quarantine
• Travel restrictions
• Effective use of personal protective equipment
• Disease testing and tracing of infected individuals
• Healthcare capacity optimization
These actions have potential financial and health impacts that affect children with disabilities. First, the ability to physically distance and shelter at home implies privilege. According to the US Bureau of Labor and Statistics, in 2017–2018 less than one in five black workers and nearly one in six Latinx workers were able to work from home [10]. That translates to nearly 8 in 10 workers from these marginalized communities who are not able to avoid community exposure as a means of protecting themselves and their children in the household from transmission. Higher-wage workers are six times more likely to be able to work from home as compared to lower-wage workers. This means the distribution of the children suffering from secondary attack of COVID infection will be inequitable. Race and socio-economic factors will leave differing populations of children with disabilities at various levels of risk based on the employment of their parent/guardian.
Second, COVID-19 mitigation strategies affect employment. According to the US Department of Labor, during the months of March and April 2020, there were 26.5 million initial jobless claims adding to the 7.1 million Americans already unemployed. This figure of 33 million unemployed Americans is the highest level recorded since 1934. Families earning through manual labor and the service, restaurant, hospitality and tourism industries contribute to these data. Thus, children in those households may be forced from commercial insurance to public insurance. This would have a negative impact on access to pediatric rehab services. Insurance-based disparities cause children to be less likely to find adequate therapy and cause them to wait longer to receive services than those with commercial insurance [11]. The loss of livelihood caused by measures to control the spread of COVID-19 will change resources to support rehabilitation services for children. These effects will not be felt equally across all communities.
Access to healthcare services is a social determinant of health impacted by COVID-19. Minority children, when compared to White children, were more likely to report to the emergency room as their usual source of care [12]. This demonstrates a health access issue by highlighting lower rates of relationships with primary care providers. Although children with physical disabilities have a broader treatment team than typically developing children, they are not exempt from larger demonstrated issues of access to a medical home. In addition, children from communities of lower socioeconomic status use public transportation and those with disabilities rely heavily on ride-sharing programs. These modes of transport compel more exposure to the riders than private transportation; thus, these children are at greater risk of exposure to COVID-19. A combination of factors affecting access to care and transportation may lead to ominous racial and ethnic disparities in exposure and access to treatment in children with disabilities exposed to COVID-19.
With families under financial stress from employment challenges, psychosocial stress from being isolated from their community support structure, and overall anxiety about the ongoing effects of COVID-19 pandemic, there is a risk of increasing domestic violence and abuse. In an April 2020 virtual meeting of physicians specializing in Pediatric Rehabilitation Medicine, there were anecdotal reports of increased referrals for non-accidental trauma affecting children. These physicians were seeing patients through inpatient rehabilitation centers, outpatient clinics and day treatment programs at centers in all regions of the United States. The data documenting those suspicions have not yet been collected. However, according to the Center for Disease Control's violence prevention initiative, familial stress, unemployment, economic stress, and increased isolation are risk factors for domestic/intimate partner violence. The American Psychological Association raised similar alarms noting a 2019 study of populations following Hurricane Harvey in Texas with higher rates of domestic violence and child abuse [13]. Clinicians treating children with acquired disabilities must have a heightened awareness of this increasing risk and actively prepare to accommodate for an increase in brain injury and complex trauma following this pandemic.
Finally, as ventilator availability becomes the rate-limiting step to increasing capacity to care for those most critically ill from COVID-19, ethical issues present for children with physical disabilities that require permanent ventilation to live. Neuromuscular disease is the most common reason a child uses home ventilation [14]. These patients are commonly under the care of pediatric rehabilitation medicine in addition to multi-specialty teams of providers. The United States, like many countries, has experienced a shortage of ventilators during the COVID pandemic with only 62,000 fully functional hospital ventilators, 98,000 basic hospital ventilators and 8,900 ventilators in a strategic stockpile to serve an estimated 2.4–21 million Americans who will require hospitalization [15]. Thus, the question becomes would there be a circumstance or situation that would compel repurposing of ventilators being used for chronically ill or chronically declining patients for those acutely ill with COVID-19? Current sentiment does not make that likely as such a withdrawal of resources would not be at the request of the patient, not be deemed medically futile, nor ever considered in the absence of the pandemic [15]. However, this has made communities chronically dependent on ventilators outside of the hospital setting worry that they could be deemed expendable. Those concerns of societal value are magnified for marginalized populations.
4.Recommendations
There is considerable concern that health inequity seen in many disease processes and interventions central to pediatric rehabilitation medicine may be exacerbated directly or indirectly by the COVID-19 pandemic. As a community of care providers, we must actively work against that. Causal factors for inequitable health outcomes are at both the "micro" (individual) and the "macro" (systemic) level. They include factors unique to the patient as well as ones that exist outside of them. As healthcare providers and leaders, we must spearhead active interventions at the personal, systemic and policy levels.
Each provider caring for diverse patients has to do the work of understanding and acknowledging unconscious bias. Validated measures like the Implicit Association Test are able to quantify the level of anti-black bias in an individual [16].
"Although overt discriminatory behavior in the United States may have declined in recent decades, covert discrimination and institutional bias are sustained by subtle, implicit attitudes that may influence provider behavior and treatment choices. As a result, patients of color may be kept waiting longer for assessment or treatment than their White counterparts, or providers may spend more time with White patients than with patients of color. In addition, providers may vary in the extent to which they collaborate with patients in systematic though nondeliberate ways, in considering treatment options based on patients' characteristics." [17]
There is criticism of this framing as it removes the onus on the individual for perpetuating harm by labeling it unintentional. This sentiment values the need to soothe the emotional response of the provider contributing to disparities when confronted with that reality over the negative health effects that internalized bias inflicts on marginalized patients. However, a problem unknown and unrecognized cannot be solved. So this personal responsibility to be actively anti-racist, not just race indifferent or neutral, starts with framing the problem on an individual level. There is a causal relationship between biased physician behavior and healthcare disparities [18]. It is the responsibility of every clinician to address that proactively and substantively. The COVID-19 response in Rehabilitation Medicine provides a chance to do so.
Systemic changes to address healthcare outcomes are more challenging to address. They are based in the Social Determinants of Health [19] and cover issues from community location and resources to family unit stability. The neighborhood and environment where patients live determine safety and ease of access to clinical treatment options. Mindfully planning the locations of future rehabilitation centers in communities following the pandemic can positively impact outcomes in marginalized groups. Patients are more likely to utilize and benefit from services they can obtain easily.
Family units require a modicum of health and capacity to provide for children with special healthcare needs. People of color receive a lesser quality of care in the US Health System [19]. In the time of COVID-19 there is a decrease in the baseline capacity for marginalized group members to accommodate the needs of children with disabilities. The powerful impact of COVID-19 actively decreasing the overall health of families is compounded in communities of color. Beyond the family unit, communities are straining the resources used to support those in need. The family unit and social community is a critical determinant of health. Programs that promote healthy communities support the ability for them to foster wellness amongst its members. In an era of social/physical distancing the rituals and mores that allow communities to bond and celebrate togetherness, and mourn those lost, are removed. Pediatric rehabilitation patients have a drastically changed context of community support and belonging through no fault of their own. Empowered communities with access to quality information make better choices. Advocacy for marginalized groups to get needed resources must happen intentionally and in a way that "…disregard[s] the underlying effects of racial bias and racism" [20].
Education impacts health, and COVID-19 has shuttered schools all over the United States for an extended period of time. There is a future cost to the education of all children, especially those that need specialty equipment and/or specifically qualified educators to optimize learning. Plus, societal resistance to COVID-19 containment measures underscores how the science and mathematical concepts informing public health recommendations are not translating to large portions of the American public. Marginalized populations, with historic mistrust of traditional institutions of healthcare, are particularly vulnerable to factually and scientifically disingenuous health myths. It is the responsibility of all in the system to provide quality and accurate insight to our patients in a manner they can receive and incorporate.
Finally, economic stability is a social determinant of health and has been a recurring theme of this submission. COVID-19 has caused a skyrocketing unemployment rate and halted entire industries. Policies that provide living wages and financial resources are critical during the pandemic for communities to recover. They are especially important to children with disabilities from marginalized groups. Healthcare professionals have to embrace their role as influential citizens outside of just health related issues. Solutions mitigating the disparate effect of COVID-19 on pediatric rehabilitation must acknowledge and incorporate the patient's environment, overall family health, community context, education, and economic stability.
The work to decrease potential health disparities in pediatric rehabilitation requires active policy changes. Some have proposed to increase accountability by including health equity issues in ethics and professionalism requirements [21]. They propose incorporation of more humanities training at all levels of education, from the pre-medical years through post graduate training and in medical practice, in addition to enhancing ethical reflection and critical thinking skills [21]. There are challenges in adding policies acknowledged in the literature. A panel of research and clinical professionals connected in 2013 as the Pediatric Health Equity Collaborative. They clearly state that effective approaches to systematic factors precipitating bias will not be singular nor applied without modification to meet the needs of a given health system [22]. However, they recommend collecting several data points on the child and family unit and incorporating this information into the patient's electronic health record. These statistics will allow the tracking of reliable data for intentional quality improvement. A caution in planning policy interventions is to avoid focusing exclusively on individual-level challenges disabled children from marginalized groups face without giving attention to systemic-level problems that institutions can mitigate. The literature features articles that review interventions targeting individual-level factors to optimize healthiness and health behaviors, but there are not evaluations of the impact of system-level factors like increasing the diversity of the medical providers, planning locations of services such that they are easily accessible from the poorest zip codes by public transportation, and/or removing payer mix limitations that ration the number of public insurance patients allowed in a clinical service area. Members of Congress and organized medicine must use the lens of critical race theory to view the response to COVID-19 [20] and we in pediatric rehabilitation must blunt the potential impact on children from marginalized communities.
5.Conclusion
Patients cared for in the pediatric rehabilitation service diaspora have racial and ethnic outcome disparities. These disparities may be highlighted by the personal, social and financial impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. Although children with physical and functional disabilities may be relatively shielded from direct infection by their relative social isolation and pediatric status, they are vulnerable to poor outcomes with any infection that does take hold. Additionally, they are sensitive to systemic factors, like the social determinants of health, which could intensify disparities in healthiness and functional outcomes. To mitigate these elements, individual providers, health systems and policy interventions must be accountable and active. The goal is to ensure that marginalized communities, like Black, Latinx, and Native American children, do not continue to be disproportionately impacted in a negative way by this health catastrophe.
No conflicts of interest to disclose.
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Johns Hopkins University & Medicine Coronavirus Resource Center. Baltimore [cited 2020 Apr 23]. Available from: www.coronavirus.jhu.edu.
Lee P, Le Saux M, Siegel R, et al. Racial and ethnic disparities in the management of acute pain in US emergency departments: Meta-analysis and systematic review. Am J Emer Med. 2019 Sep; 37(9): 1770-1777. doi: 10.1016/j.ajem.2019.06.014.
Shah AA, Zuberi M, Cornwell E, et al. Gaps in access to comprehensive rehabilitation following traumatic injuries in children: A nationwide examination. J Pediatr Surg. 2019 Nov; 54(11): 2369-2374. doi: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2019.06.001.
Moore M, Jimenez N, Rowhani-Rahbar A, et al. Availability of outpatient rehabilitation services and barriers to care for vulnerable populations after pediatric traumatic brain injury. Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 2016 Mar; 95(3): 204-213. doi: 10.1097/PHM.0000000000000362.
Fuentes MM, Bjornson K, Christensen A, Harmon R, Apkon SD. Disparities in Functional Outcomes During Inpatient Rehabilitation Between American Indian/Alaska Native And White Children. J Health Care Poor Underserved. 2016; 27(3): 1080-96. doi: 10.1353/hpu.2016.0143.
Li W, Zhang B, Lu J, et al. The characteristics of household transmission of COVID-19. Clin Infect Dis. 2020 Apr 17; ciaa450. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciaa450.
Cristiani L, Mancino E, Matera L, et al. Will children reveal their secret? The coronavirus dilemma. Eur Respir J. 2020 Apr 23; 55(4): 2000749. doi: 10.1183/13993003.00749-2020.
Tonkin BL, Ogilvie BD, Greenwood SA, Law MC, Anaby DR. The participation of children and youth with disabilities in activities outside of school: A scoping review. Can J Occup Ther. 2014 Oct; 81(4): 226-236. doi: 10.1177/0008417414550998.
Gould E, Shierholz H. Not Everybody Can Work From Home. Working Economics Blog. Economic Policy Institute. [cited 2020 Apr 23]. Available from: www.epi.org/blog.
Fuentes MM, Thompson L, Quistberg DA, et al. Auditing access to outpatient rehabilitation services for children with traumatic brain injury and public insurance in washington state. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2017 Sep; 98(9): 1763-1770.e7. doi: 10.1016/j.apmr.2016.12.013.
Shone LP, Dick AW, Brach C, et al. The role of race and ethnicity in the state children's health insurance program (SCHIP) in four states: Are there baseline disparities, and what do they mean for SCHIP? Pediatrics. 2003 Dec; 112(6 Pt 2): e521.
Abramson A. How COVID-19 May Increase Domestic Violence and Child Abuse. American Psychological Association. [cited 2020 Apr 23]. Available from: www.apa.org/topics/covid-19/domestic-violence-child-abuse.
Amirnovin R, Aghamohammadi S, Riley C, Woo MS, Del Castillo S. Analysis of a pediatric home mechanical ventilator population. Respir Care. 2018 May; 63(5): 558-564. doi: 10.4187/respcare.05644.
Truog RD, Mitchell C, Daley GQ. The toughest triage – allocating ventilators in a pandemic. N Engl J Med. 2020 May 21; 382(21): 1973-1975. doi: 10.1056/NEJMp2005689.
Nosek BA, Smyth FL, Hansen JJ, et al. Pervasiveness and correlates of implicit attitudes and stereotypes. Eur Rev Soc Psychol. 2007; 18: 36-88.
Hall WJ, Chapman MV, Lee KM, et al. Implicit racial/ethnic bias among health professionals and its influence on health care outcomes: A systematic review. Am J Public Health. 2015 Dec; 105(12): e60-76. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302903.
FitzGerald C, Hurst S. Implicit Bias in Healthcare Professionals: A Systematic Review. 2017 Mar 1; 18(1): 19. doi: 10.1186/s12910-017-0179-8.
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Doukas DJ, Kirch DG, Brigham TP, et al. Transforming educational accountability in medical ethics and humanities education towards professionalism. Acad Med. 2015 Jun; 90(6): 738-43. doi: 10.1097/ACM.0000000000000616.
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Continued working on my edits today. I made it through the first pass of edits, made a number of changes the more I reviewed things – it's amazing how stuff you wrote three years ago seems clunky now. It took most of today to get through the edits. Steve is nothing if not thorough, which is exactly what I look for in an editor.
I'm going to make another pass on the manuscript tomorrow and then I have two new sections to write for this book, based on his advice. Then it'll be back for editing round number two.
I'm taking the rest of the evening off to recharge and watch some Man from U.N.C.L.E. and Mission: Impossible and continue planning a few short stories I'm going to pitch to a new market for me.
What? You thought I wouldn't have more irons in the fire?
I thought I'd share a little more art with you. I was working on a story several years ago – still need to dust it off and rework it one of these days – and I had Eliseu Gouveia do some concept art for the two main characters.


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Give to Football
Game Day Info
Ricca, Singh Lead Hampden-Sydney Past Guilford, 52-33
Guilford (1-3) 0 0 0 0 0
Hampden-Sydney (3-0) 0 21 3 14 38
Pa: Mac Russell - 192
Ru: Chris Gould - 80
Rec: Conrad Singh - 87
Pa: Josh Smith - 109
Ru: Brandon Lockhart - 69
Rec: Oren Robinson - 80
Greensboro, NC (09/27/03) -- Sophomore quarterback J.D. Ricca (Gaithersburg, MD/St. John's) threw for a career-high 376 yards and two touchdowns and senior Conrad Singh (Ft. Washington, MD/Gonzaga) tied a school record with 12 receptions for 188 yards as visiting Hampden-Sydney downed Guilford, 52-33, in the Old Dominion Athletic Conference (ODAC) opener for both teams Saturday.
The Tigers (3-0, 1-0 ODAC), winners of four straight over Guilford, are ranked 21st in this week's American Football Coaches Poll and 14th in the D3football.com poll.
The Quakers (1-2, 0-1 ODAC) stayed with Hampden-Sydney for the better part of the first half before Ricca ended the seesaw second quarter with an impressive two-minute drive capped by a 13-yard scoring pass to Singh. The second-quarter score gave the Tigers a 31-16 lead and was the second of five touchdowns in as many possessions during the second and third quarters.
C.W. Clemmons (Covington, VA/Alleghany) scored the second of his three rushing touchdowns on a 10-yard jaunt on the Tigers' first third-quarter possession and later scored from 22 yards out. James Riley (Richmond, VA/James River) set up Clemmons' third score by recovering a Quakers' fumble on the Tigers' 22-yard line.
Hampden-Sydney lifted Ricca with the Tigers holding a 52-16 lead, but not before the sophomore picked over the Quakers' secondary. He showed great poise in his third college start, completing a personal-high 27 of 36 passes all over the field. Singh was his favorite target as the senior tied his own school standard of 12 receptions set against last year Bridgewater. Already the Tigers' career receptions leader, Singh set the school record for career receiving yards (2,317) and moved to within 58 grabs of the ODAC's career record. Junior wideouts Nick Ferrante (Bryantown, MD/Gonzaga) (6 rec., 89 yards, 1 TD) and Tripp Murchison (Richmond, VA/J.R. Tucker) (5 rec., 115 yards) had career highs for receiving yardage. Clemmons finished with 119 rushing yards on 15 carries. Hampden-Sydney's Johnny Junes (Richmond, VA/Mills Godwin) carried 13 times for 63 yards and two touchdowns.
Thanks to a pair of late fourth-quarter touchdowns, Guilford posted its highest point total in 11 games and its most against Hampden-Sydney since a 34-7 triumph over the Tigers in 1997. Redshirt-freshman quarterback Chris Gammon (Graham, NC/Graham) scored on a one-yard sneak for his first college touchdown in the fourth quarter and threw a 28-yard scoring pass to junior Chris Dunn (Star, NC/East Montgomery) with 1:34 left in the game. Gammon completed five of 13 passes for 77 yards. Senior Josh Smith (Goldsboro, NC/Rosewood) started the game under center and was seven-for-12 for 83 yards, including a 12-yard touchdown pass to Clint Duckworth (Morganton, NC/Freedom) in the second quarter.
Hampden-Sydney returns home to host Bridgewater next Saturday in a meeting that could determine the ODAC champion. The Eagles were ranked among the top 10 teams in both Division III national polls before today's 16-12 loss at Christopher Newport. Bridgewater also received the top spot in the ODAC preseason coaches poll, just ahead of Hampden-Sydney. Guilford visits crosstown rival Greensboro next Saturday night (10/4) at 7:00 p.m. at Grimsley High School's Jamieson Stadium in the seventh annual Gate City Soup Bowl contest.
December 17, 2003 Adams Named To All-America Football Squad
December 15, 2003 Two Quakers Named To All-South Football Squad
November 25, 2003 Four Quakers Named To All-ODAC Football Squads
November 15, 2003 Guilford's Falls To ODAC Rival Emory & Henry 35-20
November 1, 2003 Guilford's Comeback Falls Short In ODAC Loss To Randolph-Macon
October 27, 2003 Guilford's Newkirk Named ODAC Defensive Player Of The Week
September 27, 2003 Ricca, Singh Lead Hampden-Sydney Past Guilford, 52-33
September 15, 2003 Guilford's Batts Named ODAC Defensive Player Of The Week
September 13, 2003 Frazier's Field Goal Lifts Guilford Past Methodist, 27-24
September 6, 2003 Division II Carson-Newman Rolls In 41-0 Win Over Guilford
August 26, 2003 Guilford Adds Four To Football Coaching Staff
July 25, 2003 Guilford Picked Sixth In ODAC Football Poll
July 17, 2003 Guilford's Person Named To Preseason All-America Football Teams
December 10, 2002 Person Earns All-South Football Honor
November 21, 2002 Person Tops Guilford's All-ODAC Football Picks
November 9, 2002 Catholic Holds Off Guilford, 28-26, For ODAC Football Win
November 2, 2002 Randolph-Macon Football Holds On To Defeat Guilford, 21-14
November 1, 2002 McKinney Breaks NCAA Punt Return Mark In Guilford Gridiron Win
October 19, 2002 Bridgewater Gridders Stay Perfect With 56-7 Win At Guilford
October 13, 2002 Guilford's Kidd Wins Weekly Football Award
October 12, 2002 Guilford Defeats Ferrum 24-14 in Football
October 7, 2002 Guilford's Smith Wins Weekly Football Award
October 5, 2002 Guilford Regains Soup Bowl With 21-7 Football Win Over Greensboro
September 28, 2002 Hampden-Sydney Scores 38-0 ODAC Win Over Guilford
September 21, 2002 Washington And Lee Rallies For ODAC Gridiron Win At Guilford
September 16, 2002 Guilford's Ballard Named ODAC Offensive Player Of The Week
July 26, 2002 Guilford Football Team Picked Fourth In ODAC Coaches' Poll
December 12, 2001 Guilford's McKinney Earns First Team All-American Football Honors

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Gap ad featuring Sikh jewelry designer Waris Ahluwalia is vandalized with anti-Muslim slurs
admin 26 November 2013 General No Comment Email This Post
Islamaphobia: Anti-Muslim graffiti was found blanketing a GAP ad featuring the Sikh jewelry designer and actor Waris Ahluwalia on a New York City subway platform
By MISTY WHITE SIDELL
The graffiti also includes a line that reads, 'Stop driving taxis!'
The vandalized ad was originally found and captured by New York photographer Robert Gerhardt on the downtown platform of the Buhre Avenue 6 train stop in the Pelham Bay section of the Bronx.
Gerhardt forwarded the images to Muslim journalist and commentator Arsalan Iftikhar who quickly shared it with his near-40,000 cumulative followers on Twitter and Facebook.
Iftikhar told MailOnline that the photo made him want 'the world to see how brown people are viewed in America today.'
Gerhardt's image received a wave of responses, many of which expressed outrage over the graffiti.
'[This] makes me very very sad. The world is becoming more hateful,' responded one Twitter follower. 'Sadly typical,' replied another.
Iftikhar's multiple Twitter dispatches were also re-tweeted by influential Muslim author and commentator Reza Aslan to more than 54,000 of Aslan's own followers – helping draw more attention to the misinformed graffiti.
Gap even responded to Iftikhar's tweets to inquire where the graffiti was located.
Representatives for the brand tell MailOnline that they are now 'working to replace the image [in the Bronx].'
They also issued a statement that says: 'Gap is a brand that celebrates inclusion and diversity. Our customers and employees are of many different ethnicities, faiths, and lifestyles and we support them all.'
When Gap's 'Make Love' holiday campaign debuted earlier this month, the brand received an outpouring of positive responses on its Facebook page from members of the Sikh community.
Iftikhar feels that 'This whole story just proves that we do not live in a post-racial America yet when South Asians and those perceived to be Muslims cannot even grace fashion advertisements without racial epithets being directed their way.'
Ahluwalia is a well-known face in fashion circles. He designs the celestial jewelry label House of Waris, which earned him a prestigious CFDA/Vogue Fashion Fund nomination in 2009, as well as an official membership with the CFDA.
Most ironically, in this case, designer has been named on multiple best-dressed lists by the likes of Vanity Fair and British GQ for his original style which typically takes on the uniform of a black turban, a long beard, and an impeccably-fitted suit.
Ahluwalia is also a muse for the film director Wes Anderson, who has cast him in movies including The Life Aquatic with Steve Zissou and The Darjeeling Limited.
He is just one of the subjects in GAP's 'Make Love' holiday campaign, which also stars Cyndi Lauper, and Tony Bennet.
Read more: http://www.dailymail.co.uk/femail/article-2513525/Gap-slams-racist-graffiti-ad-featuring-Sikh-Waris-Ahluwalia-vandalized.html#ixzz2lm1wRS3Y
Original post: Gap slams racist graffiti after ad featuring Sikh jewelry designer Waris Ahluwalia is vandalized with anti-Muslim slurs
Posted on 26 November 2013 in General | No Comments
Tags: anti-Muslim graffiti, Arsalan Iftikhar, Facebook, GAP, Islam, Islamophobia, Muslim journalist, New York City, Twitter, Varis Ahluwalia


text:
Q: Python : download a file from drive in another format using apidrive First point : i have a question please , is there the possibility to download a pdf file from my drive as doc or any other format using Google Drive API?
just as we can do manualy on drive : open a pdf file as google documents and download it .
EDIT :
Second point : what i did :
connect to apidrive via quickstart. I Turned on the Drive API(Step1) , and Installed the Google Client Library (step2).
after that, i tryed to upload a file from my HD to my drive using the code :
from pydrive.auth import GoogleAuth
from pydrive.drive import GoogleDrive

#1st authentification
gauth = GoogleAuth()
gauth.LocalWebserverAuth() # Creates local webserver and auto handles
authentication.
drive = GoogleDrive(gauth)

file1 = drive.CreateFile()
file1.SetContentFile('documt.pdf')
file1.Upload()

the next step in my plan, was to download 'documt.pdf' that i've just uploaded to drive , in a different format (.doc for example). So i searched how to do So, i've found the following script , even if it doesn't do what i exactly want (as the docs says) , it can only download Google Documents as pdf(the inverse of what i wanted) :
file_id = '1ZdR3L3qP4Bkq8noWLJHSr_iBau0DNT4Kli4SxNc2YEo'
request = drive_service.files().export_media(fileId=file_id,
                                         mimeType='application/pdf')
fh = io.BytesIO()
downloader = MediaIoBaseDownload(fh, request)
done = False
while done is False:
status, done = downloader.next_chunk()
print "Download %d%%." % int(status.progress() * 100)

however even this code shows an error :
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "C:\Users\OU\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36-
32\download_from_drive.py", line 10, in <module>
request = drive_service.files().export_media(fileId=file_id,
NameError: name 'drive_service' is not defined

my client_secrets file looks like (don't know if it does have a relation to the problem):
{"web":{"client_id":"xxxxx.apps.googleusercontent.com","project_id":"xxxx","auth_uri":"https://accounts.google.com/o/oauth2/auth","token_uri":"https://accounts.google.com/x/oauth2/token","auth_provider_x509_cert_url":"https://www.googleapis.com/oauth2/v1/c","client_secret":"erm-xxxx","redirect_uris":["http://localhost:8080/"],"javascript_origins":["http://localhost:8080"]}}
can anyone help me find a answer to my question (first point), and a solve the Error (second point)?
THANK YOU Very Much

A: I think that your script works fine. But from the error of NameError: name 'drive_service' is not defined, I thought that you may use Quickstart for Drive API. Your snippet on your question can be used as a part of the Quickstart. Your error is service = discovery.build('drive', 'v3', http=http) of Quickstart. In your case, the variable of drive_service is service at Quickstart. So the flow for using your snippet is as follows.

*

*Do Step 1 and Step 2 of Quickstart.

*For Step 3, modify service = discovery.build('drive', 'v3', http=http) to drive_service = discovery.build('drive', 'v3', http=http).

*Replace script below drive_service = discovery.build('drive', 'v3', http=http) in main() to your snippet. When you do this, please be careful the indent of your script.

A: Finnally, i've answered to my question.
for the first point : it's not allowed to download a pdf as another format. However we can upload the file in the first place with the google docs format application/vnd.google-apps.document even if it's a pdf. and i will work really fine.
For the second point: because the 1st point issue is solved now, i don't need to fix the Error. cause what i wanted works perfectly good.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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If you are an author, a trainer, coach, consultant, entrepreneur, business professional, professional speaker, or an expert on any topic, you need to know more about a meetup that I host called The Sacramento Speakers and Entrepreneur Network.
This is a public Meetup group you'll find at https://www.meetup.com/sacramentospeakersnetwork You'll find it to be a great place for collaboration, to share resources and exchange ideas.
Our focus is on the business of speaking and how to monetize what you're doing in your business or your speaking. The majority of our members are business professionals or owners plus speakers or budding speakers. We all benefit by discussing strategies for generating more business and speaking engagements and networking to build relationships within the group.
Members also learn advanced business skills at each meeting.
The meetings are held in two formats…for those who are in Sacramento area, we have a live meeting each month that's held locally. We gather for lunch, networking, training and we have two speakers present topics that are their areas of expertise. It's a great opportunity to practice your speaking skills and for those in the audience, you'll get a wealth of knowledge and information on a wide variety of topics. These meetings are currently scheduled from 11:30am – 1:30pm PST.
We also hold a Virtual Meeting each month on Zoom – it's a webinar format and it's FREE!! Anyone can join us from anywhere on the planet that has internet access. You don't have to be a member to join us on these meetings. The meetings consist of networking, speaker business training, and we have one speaker at each meeting who presents on their topic of expertise. It's fast paced and packed full of knowledge from 5:00pm-6pm PST.
Click the video below to hear what one of our members says about this group and her experience in The Sacramento Speaker and Entrepreneur Network.
You can apply to speak at an upcoming Sacramento Speaker & Entrepreneur Network meeting, at either the Live luncheon meeting in Sacramento or in the FREE Webinar by going to http://www.SacSpeaker.com for more info and to fill out an application form.
Whether you are an experienced speaker or you're just getting started, we invite you to join us for a meeting unlike any other you have attended before. We hope you will join us for one of our lively and informative meetings online or in person!
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Anyone is welcome to join from anywhere, its on Zoom. Click here to find out the details about this FREE Event.
If you're ready to make your mark in a bigger way, then I'm glad you are reading this blog because you'll love the FREE Launch Your Biz Giveaway Event hosted by my friend and colleague, Maribel Jimenez. Maribel is known as the Dream Launch Mentor.
I'm so tired of seeing entrepreneurs struggle in their business to find clients, make money and have the impact I know they could if they made a decision to do whatever it took to really GO FOR IT in their business.
It breaks my heart to see so many entrepreneurs stay stuck in indecision, fear, doubt or over-thinking their plans. I wonder how different their lives would be if they had resources to support them with all of that such as tools for overcoming fear, shifting doubt, how to simplify, overcoming procrastination, how to make big money, and marketing strategies to reach more clients than they can handle, and MORE!
This is why I've teamed up with Maribel and some very cool entrepreneurs to bring you the "Launch Your Biz Giveaway Event".
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I really enjoyed talking about how to make Fast Cash by creating Easy YES Offers with Minette Riordan and Brad Dobson, co-founders of The Path to Profit Academy and Podcast for Creative Entrepreneurs.
I created the concept of an Easy YES Offer a few years ago when I had positioned myself to sell mostly high end programs. In fact, the price of my lowest end program was $200. I attended a workshop where the focus was "making money today". My intention was to sell my $2,000 program and I offered a flashdrive containing some more of my trainings and programs as a BONUS! My 'ah ha' moment came when people were asking to buy the bonus, instead of the $2,000 program. I sold several of the flashdrives that day for a lower price than the program, but I ended up with Fast Cash.
It's something I encourage attendees to use at my LIVE events. It's an offer that's specifically designed as to make people say YES and buy on the spot! It's designed to make FAST CASH. It's not just a lead magnet although you can use a freebie as an alternative with those who don't accept your Fast Cash Offer. It works best when you make the offer irresistible!
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These offers are for those who need clients! There are several ways to structure these offers!
Click on the video below to get specific ideas about creating your EASY YES OFFER, sales funnels, the importance of systems and MORE !
So what type of Easy YES Offer will you create?
Talk to You Again Soon!!
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More Love and Money on Stand Up and Speak Up!
Walt Grassl and I talked about Love and Money on his Stand Up and Speak Up Radio Show. The topic was about Putting More Love in your Life and More Money in your Business.
Walt's Radio Show is about facing your fears so you can live your dreams. All of us have had to do this at some time in our lives or careers.
When I was working in my corporate career in sales and marketing years ago, I quickly discovered that people don't know what they don't know. I still find this to be an issue with some of my clients.
A few years after I left the corporate world and started my business, I found out myself in that same boat, especially when it came to online marketing and leveraging.
I knew that I wanted to make more money and online marketing was a way for me to serve more clients. But I was trading hours for dollars and I knew I couldn't continue to do that because there's only so many hours in a day.
Once I made the decision to use systems and automate my business processes, I had time to create more programs for my clients and was able to cut the time I was working from 60 hours per week to 10-15 hours working with clients. The rest of my time is spent marketing myself and my business, training, and speaking engagements.
The way that Love impacts the ability to make more Money comes from my personal experience. I learned that a love of self, supportive people in my life to love me and yes, a change in my own mindset was what I needed to nurture my big ideas into reality. Attracting and having Love in my Life helped me make more Money!
In this interview, Walt and I discussed a variety of business topics like speaking in your business. Many speakers have had to overcome the fear of public speaking and making a mistake while in front of people. I've experienced many of the struggles and challenges that other speakers experience but I've learned to overcome them. And one big mistake that many speakers make is failing to make a connection with their audience in their intro. If you don't do that, you've lost them for the rest of your presentation.
I've shared some issues or landmines that speakers can run into when they are hosting their own live events and ways to avoid those costly mistakes, the beauty of making Fast Cash and more.
Click to Listen in to our discussion about Putting More Love in your Life and More Money in your Business!
So, are you ready to put more Love in your Life and more Money in your Business? I'm hosting my Love & Money LIVE! event in Sacramento on April 5th – 7th. We have new content and speakers coming to inspire you to transform your Life and your Business. Take a look at what we cover at https://jumpstartyourmarketing.com/loveandmoneylive I'm looking forward to meeting you there!
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3 Simple Steps to Attract Clients & Make More Money NOW!
How would you like to continuously attract clients and build a business that makes more money – one that really excites you?
One of my favorite guest speaker interviews was with Adam Hommey, host of Business Creators Radio Show. Adam's audience consists of business owners and entrepreneurs who want to hear about tools, techniques and strategies to help them build their businesses.
The top and frequently asked questions from business owners revolve around time and money issues. Time and Money issues are where many of them get stuck.
Trying to do everything yourself.
When I'm working with a client, I will discuss with them all of the things they need to do or start doing to transform their business, take it to the next level, etc. And because we are all so crazy busy, I usually hear objections about having enough time. For those clients with time issues, I start them out with "clearing space". That means the client is to review everything they are doing and decide if it's something that's still important for them to do, what they can delegate it, what they can automate and systemitize, and so on. It's really about clearing things off of your plate to see where you can get back a couple of hours every day.
This clearing space process works well. After working on clearing space for one year, one of my clients' reclaimed 8 hours per week back in her life because we automated, systemitized and delegated many of the things in her business that she had formerly spent time on.
Most people want to get more time to do more marketing for their business or to get their life back, spend more time on self-care or with their families.
One way business owner can get more time is to learn how to say "No" to some things so they can say "Yes" to other things that are a better fit.
I have my clients create vision boards to stay focused on the BIG Picture; what's really important to them so they don't lose their focus and get bogged down in the minutia of day to day tasks.
Another great way to find more time is to learn to calendar your life. Now I realize many people don't like that kind of structure but I challenge them to calendar everything for one month. This helps you learn how to block your time.
Adam and I discussed many other great tips and if you want to hear more of our conversation to get some tips you too can implement to Attract More Clients and Make More Money, click here to listen to our discussion on the Business Creators Radio Show.


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text:
Q: initiate parent method from child view SWIFT I'm looking for the best possible way to initiate a parent method from a child's view controller.
The parent is a scroll view with three UIViewController children nested inside. The code to have them initialized and attached works fine... just can't seem the find a way to call methods of parent.
thanks in advance!

A: A generic way to call (public/internal) methods in a parent from a child or another class entirely is to save a reference to the parent in the child
class parent {
    ...

    internal func doSomething() {
        println("Did something...")
    }
}

class child {
    let pReference: parent

    init(p: parent) {
        self.pReference = p
    }

    internal func callInParent() {
        self.pReference.doSomething()
    }
}

let x = parent()
let y = child(x)
y.callInParent() // prints "Did something..."

This is easy to practise inside a playground. Give it a go.


text:
Cryptocurrency Guides
ICO's Explained
What is a Token Presale?
Token Presales as a Speculative Investment Notable Token Presales
Understanding ICO's 3 min, 34 sec READ
Cryptocurrency investors should understand the difference between an ICO and a token presale. A token presale occurs prior to an ICO launch. In a presale, the startup offers up tokens while they are still under development before they are available to the general public. The purpose of the token presale is either to raise funds for further developing the project at its very early stages or to fund the operations that will lead to the ICO launch. As the risks involved when investing in a token presale are much higher, the tokens are (in most cases) offered at a discounted price.
It is important to note whether a token is defined as a utility or as a security. As the tokens offered during a presale reflect a future value, they are usually considered to be securities. In such cases, since securities fall under the purview of the SEC, companies should consider registering and complying with the SEC's regulations.
"Depending on the facts and circumstances, the offering may involve the offer and sale of securities. If that is the case, the offer and sale of virtual coins or tokens must itself be registered with the SEC, or be performed pursuant to an exemption from registration. Before investing in an ICO, ask whether the virtual tokens or coins are securities and whether the persons selling them registered the offering with the SEC." (SEC's Investor Bulletin 07/2017)
Token Presales as a Speculative Investment
As speculators aim to get tokens at the lowest prices possible, token presales have gradually become the main event in a new startup's public offering. Ripio, for instance, raised $31 million out of their total $37 million during the presale.
Presales are often a way for select investors to get the insider advantage by getting the first crack at discounted tokens. Another downside to presales for the everyday investor is that the lower price offered during the presale often has a negative effect on the value of the tokens at the ICO stage because presale investors often unload their tokens immediately after the ICO. As the number of ICOs grows, ( they doubled between July and August 2017), speculators see presales as an opportunity to benefit from the guaranteed margin between the presale price and the public offering price. As they immediately liquidate their discounted tokens at the ICO launch to secure their profits, the result is often a decrease in the token's value shortly after the ICO begins.
"The presale discount should reflect the risk being taken on by the early project backers, otherwise they have an incentive to invest in projects without proper due diligence because they can take a profit with minimal risk when the token is traded on exchanges." – Sid Kalla, co-founder of the Turing Advisory Group (Coindesk.com 11/2017)
Notable Token Presales
Kik, the popular chat application, managed to raise $50 million during their presale last August, which was limited to select investors. Venture capitals including Pantera Capital, PolyChain Capital, and Blockchain Capital acquired 488 billion tokens of the Ethereum-based Kik for a price discounted by 30%. The ICO that followed a month later, added $47.5 million from 10,000 ordinary investors.
"We are really excited, if you had told me back in January that we would sell $100 million of a new cryptocurrency in September, I wouldn't have believed you." – Ted Livingston, CEO at Kik (TechCrunch 09/2017)
Cofound.it broke the record (up to then) for the most successful token presale ever last June by selling all their available tokens within 60 hours. Subsequently, the startup canceled their scheduled ICO after exceeding their target by raising $14.8 million.
"As Cofound.it moves into the next phase of developing its distributed venture capital platform that connects exceptional startups with world-leading experts and investors, we would like to humbly thank our supporters and investors for helping us close out our pre-sale in such grand fashion," said Jan Isakovic, CEO of Cofound.it.
The 8-day presale session of ICOBox, a tool that offers management, legal, and marketing solutions to leverage ICOs, collected $8.3 million last August. ICOBox suffered Bitcoin's insane volatility due to the Chinese ICO ban. The amount raised during the presale was higher than the amount gathered after the ICO, with a total of $14.5 million.
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October 2014 /
Taking No Bull
For these amateur racers, broken bones come with the territory
By Michelle Harrosh
Talk about pushing sports to an extreme. In July, a pack of local entrepreneurs participated in the Red Bull Romaniacs, one of the world's toughest off-road dirt bike races. Competing alongside more than 350 international entrants, the riders were a handful of Americans taking part in the four-day race. Nate Nickerson, 47, co-owner of Primus Real Estate Services; Mark Wheeler, 54, president/founder of Retail Resource Group; Matt Seiler, 44, founder of Maine Root Handcrafted Beverages; and their Arlington-based friend Kelly Huffman, 44, who owns The Bug Stop, Inc., trained for six months before journeying to Sibiu, Romania. There, they competed in grueling rides up steep terrains, into a quarry and through an abandoned coal plant. "You couldn't imagine a less inviting place," Nickerson says. This kind of extreme racing is nothing new to the guys, though. In fact, a month after breaking his neck in a motocross event, Wheeler walked down the aisle in a neck brace at his wedding. For the Romaniacs event, Team Texas kept it fun, at one point sporting vintage tuxedos over their gear. And despite not reaching the winners podium, all team members finished—in almost one piece. There was a cracked rib (Nickerson), a hernia (Wheeler), a concussion and fractured fingers (Seiler and Huffman, respectively). They'll be the first to tell you that's just how they roll. "Crashes are inevitable; so is damage to bikes and riders," says Huffman.
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10 Rookie Mistakes to Avoid on Your First Aruba Vacation
By Megan Wood
Beach at Aruba Marriott Resort & Stellaris Casino You may think if you've been one to Caribbean island, you've been to them all. But that's definitely not the case when it comes to Aruba. This Dutch Caribbean island is so close to South America that you can see Venezuela on clear days. Aruba offers a…
The 7 Best Beaches in Aruba
Beach at Divi Aruba All Inclusive/Oyster If you're taking a vacation to Aruba, you probably love the beach. The Caribbean island is 74 square miles (about the same size as Brooklyn) and is loaded with some of the most breathtaking stretches of sand in the Western Hemisphere. Unlike many Caribbean islands, however, Aruba is less…
The Best Packing List for Aruba
Aruba is known as "One Happy Island" for a reason. The Caribbean nation is widely celebrated for its white-sand beaches, sparkling blue waters, and trade winds that make for consistently warm and breezy weather. But packing the wrong items or forgetting to bring something essential can easily make any visitor feel less than happy. Avoid…
The Best Beaches in the Caribbean
By Toby Orton
With a winning combination of sun, sea, and sand, the Caribbean is undoubtedly one of the best places in the world for beach lovers. But with more than 7,000 islands sprinkled throughout the region and an almost immeasurable number of beaches, narrowing down the best stretches of sand can be a tough task. That's where…
The 13 Best Caribbean Hotels for Under $100 a Night
By Lara Grant
As winter quickly approaches, we're setting our sights on a warm Caribbean getaway. And while we're all for indulging in luxury vacations, we also love scoring budget-friendly stays that don't compromise on comfort and convenience. If you're looking for an inexpensive hotel that still offers cozy rooms and easy access to the beach, you're in…
The Most Romantic Beachfront Hotels in the Caribbean and Mexico
Whether you're celebrating a honeymoon or looking to spend some quality time with your sweetheart, a beachside vacation is often a go-to choice. Mexico and the Caribbean are packed with stunning hotels along the ocean, but not all offer the romantic atmosphere many couples want. With that in mind, we sorted through hundreds of hotels…
The Ultimate Cheat Sheet for Caribbean All-Inclusive Resort Club Upgrades
The best part of booking an all-inclusive vacation is that everything — food, drinks, activities, and accommodations — is supposed to be included in the rate. But have you ever checked into an all-inclusive resort and noticed that some guests have access to otherwise restricted restaurants, premium alcohol, luxe pools, more comfortable beach chairs, and…
Top 8 Caribbean Resorts With Adults-Only Pools
By Alisha Prakash
While some Caribbean resorts fall squarely in either the adults-only or kid-friendly section of a Venn diagram, others find their way in the middle, overlapping slice, offering a little something for both groups. At the following eight Caribbean resorts, you'll find amenities suited to families, as well as adults-only pools (and other designated areas) for…
7 Best All-Inclusive Resorts With Casinos
What's better than a vacation in a laid-back locale with a white-sand beach, turquoise waters, and balmy breezes? A vacation with all of those perks plus some exciting casino action. If you think you need to head to Las Vegas or Atlantic City for high-stakes thrills, you're in for a pleasant surprise. Curacao, Aruba, and…
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I'm not going to desect the errors here, but the inspiration for me to update this original article from 2006 was the fact that it has recently come to light that the Liverpool goalkeeper has been diagnosed as concussed.
The concussion likely happened during a collision with Madrid's Sergio Ramos in the 48th minute. It was only two minutes later that Real Madrid scored its first goal when Karius tried to roll the ball out to a defender, only to have Madrid striker Karim Benzema stick out his foot and redirect the throw into the net.
The question we have to ask, is did Karius play on knowing that he had the concussion symptoms of headaches, confusion, a feeling of pressure on the head, dizziness, ringing in the ears, nausea, vomiting, slurred speech and fatigue?
I'm sure no one would want to admit being injured half way through the most prestigious game of your life, but the consecuences are there for all to see. Karius may never play for Liverpool again and will always be known as the goalkeeper that made two howlers in the Champions League Final.
See below for the original article where England goalkeeper, Jack Butland also played on after an injury.
Having recently watched a very entertaining international friendly between Germany and England, the one stand out was the manor in which Germany scored their first goal.
England goalkeeper, Jack Butland was hoping to stake his claim for a Euro 2016 spot by playing for England in the absence of established Number 1 Joe Hart, but Butland suffered an injury when going to ground to collect the ball in the 41st minute. He pulled up visibly after kicking a back pass two minutes later.
The Stoke goalkeeper did not signal to the England bench after sustaining the injury and his poor kick out was pounced upon by Germany, who took the lead through a long-range shot that beat Butland at his near post. The goal was obviously a result of Butland being concerned about his injury and then not being able to spring off correctly.
After the goal and with the England goalkeeper being in some pain, he was stretchered off.
See highlights of the game below, which shows how the injury happened after the goal is scored.
This is a lesson we can all learn from.


text:
55-й піхотний Подільський полк Російської імператорської армії — збройне формування (військова частина) піхоти Російської Імператорської армії, відоме боями з польськими повстанцями 1832, придушенням Угорської революції 1848, захопленням незалежних кавказьких князівств, боями за Силістру та кампанією у Болгарії 1878. Ліквідоване 1918 внаслідок масового дезертирства особового складу полку на румунському фронті І світової війни.

 Старшинство — 5 січня 1798.
 Полковий свято — 16 серпня.

Історія полку
З 1803 в російській армії перебував Подільський мушкетерський полк, перейменований в 1810 на 36-й єгерський полк.

Роченсальмський полк
Полк сформований в Роченсальмі 5 січня 1798 із трьох морських батальйонів Балтійського гребного флоту, у складі двох батальйонів, під назвою Гарнізонного генерал-майора Болотнікова полку.

31 березня 1801 полк р\отримав назву Роченсальмського гарнізонного полку і приведений до складу трьох батальйонів.

У 1808 Роченсальмський гарнізонний полк взяв участь в російсько-шведській війні, при облозі фортець Ловізи і Свартгольма.

Подільський полк
17 січня 1811 із дев'яти рот Роченсальмського гарнізонного полку і трьох рот Тверського гарнізонного батальйону полковником Андрієм Масловим був сформований Подільський піхотний полк у складі трьох батальйонів.

Під час Французько-російської війни 1812 року перебували спершу у Фінляндії, в корпусі генерала Штейнгеля, а після першого бою у Полоцьку приєдналися до корпусу графа Вітґенштейна і брали участь в боях під Чашниками, у селі Храброва і під Смолянами.

З 5 лютого по 10 травня 1813 Подільський полк перебував в облозі Данциґа, а потім взяв участь у Лейпцизькій битві. 1814 полк браву участь у взятті Суассона, Ландрессі і в боях при Краоні і Лаоні.

Під час каральних акцій проти польського повстання 1830—1831 років солдати полку брали участь у боях у Добре, битві під Гороховом, у Вільхівському гаї, у Дембі-Вельке і при Ігані. У другу половину кампанії Подільський полк брав участь в експедиціях проти корпусів Дембінського і Раморіно.

14 лютого 1831 3-й батальйон полку був відрахований на формування Замосційського піхотного полку, замість нього з Бердянського піхотного полку в Подільський полк надійшов новий батальйон.

28 січня 1833 Подільський полк, після приєднання 2-го батальйону 50-го єгерського полку, названий Подільським єгерським і приведений до складу чотирьох діючих і двох резервних батальйонів.

У 1833 Подільський полк знаходився у поході до Молдавського князівства і Волощини, входячи до складу допоміжного корпусу, висланого на допомогу Туреччині проти єгипетського хедива.

8 квітня 1841 Подільський полк прибув на Кавказ і, розташувавшись на Лабинській лінії, взяв участь в декількох експедиціях проти абадзехів і шапсугів. У 1844 солдати полку були призначені на Лівий фланг Кавказької лінії і брали участь у взятті аулів Черкей, Цудікар і Тілітль.

20 лютого 1845 4-й батальйон був відрахований до складу військ Окремого Кавказького корпусу, 23 лютого до полку надійшов батальйон з Бородінського полку, однак 16 грудня Подільський полк виділив 4-й (колишній батальйон Бородінської полку) і 2-й батальйони на формування Самурского піхотного полку. У тому ж 1845 Подільський полк брав участь в даргінській експедиції.

Після повернення до Російської імперії в червні 1846 Подільський полк знову був приведений до чотирьохбатальйонного складу.

Під час придушення Угорського повстання 1848—1849 полк брав участь в штурмі укріпленої позиції в Тімішоарській ущелині і фортеці Брашов.

У Кримській війні полк перебував в облозі турецької фортеці Сілістри.

4 грудня 1853 через безстроково-відпускних були сформовані 5-й і 6-й резервні, а 10 березня 1854 року — 7-й і 8-й запасні батальйони. Після свого сформування 5-й і 6-й батальйони перебували в Одесі і витримали 10 квітня 1854 бомбардування англо-французьким флотом. З 20 квітня 1855 Подільський полк увійшов до складу гарнізону Севастополя, займаючи на південній стороні Ростилавський редут і люнет Бутакова. 9 і 10 травня Подільці прикривали будівництво контр-апрошів попереду 5-го бастіону, на Цвинтарній висоті і біля Карантинної бухти і витримали в ніч на 11 травня багнетний бій з французами. Взявши участь у відбитті штурмів 26 травня і 6 червня, полк захопив 5 липня 5-й бастіон і відбив 27 серпня останній штурм французів. За подвиги, вчинені під час облоги, 1-4-му батальйонам були подаровані 30 серпня 1856 Георгіївські прапори.

17 квітня 1856, після остаточного скасування єгерських полків, Подільський полк названий піхотним. Після закінчення Кримської війни 5, 6, 7 і 8-й батальйони були розформовані, 4-й батальйон зарахований до резервних військ і полк приведений до складу трьох батальйонів з трьома стрілецькими ротами.

У 1863 Подільський полк взяв участь у приборканні Польського повстання 1863 року в Подільській губернії і знаходився в сутичках з повстанцями. 6 квітня 1863 із 4-го резервного батальйону і безстроково-відпускних був сформований двухбатальонний Полоцький резервний піхотний полк.

25 березня 1864 Подільський полк отримав № 55.

Російсько-турецька війна 1877—1878

Під час російсько-турецької війни (1877—1878) Подільський полк, здійснивши 15 червня 1877 переправу через Дунай у Зімнічу, зайняв після запеклого бою Свиштовські висоти.

12 серпня 1877 Подільці увійшли до складу Шипкінського загону і, перебуваючи беззмінно на позиції, утримували протягом 5 місяців перевал через Балкани. 13 серпня Подільський полк атакував противника, який зайняв Лісовий курган, і багнетами атакував урядові війська Османської імперії з траншей Лісової гори. Займаючи позиції на горі Св. Миколая, Подільці відбили штурм 5 вересня, а 28 грудня, під час розгрому турецької армії, атакували позицію турків з фронту і захопили два ряди ложементів. Подальші атаки головного укріплення велися по вузькому зледенілому шосе, шириною в 7 кроків, під убивчим вогнем противника і, не дивлячись на мужність всіх чинів, успіху не мали. Ці атаки, однак, утримали на фронті позиції 22 табору і поставили турків у безвихідне становище, що закінчилося взяттям в полон їхнього армії. Після кривавого бою 28 грудня в строю полку залишилося тільки 2 офіцери і 335 нижніх чинів; втрати склали 18 офіцерів і 1140 нижніх чинів.

За геройські дії під час війни 1877—1878 полку були подаровані 17 квітня 1878 Георгіївські труби.

15 червня 1878 генерал-ад'ютант Ф. Ф. Радецький був призначений шефом полку і його ім'я приєднане до імені полку. 7 квітня 1879 був сформований 4-й батальйон.

5 січня 1898, в день столітнього ювілею, полку був подарований новий Георгіївський прапор. Нижнім чинам дарувався пам'ятний штандарт, з написом «На память керчь-еникольцу о дне столетия службы полка Царю и ОТЕЧЕСТВУ 5-го Января 1798 г. 5-го Января1898 г.»

Російсько-японська війна
Під час російсько-японської війни Подільський полк був призначений до складу 2-ї Манчжурської армії і в листопаді 1904 захопив передові позиції на річці Шахе. З 12 по 15 січня полк брав участь в боях у Сандепу, причому 12 січня 1905 ним було взято в бою села Чжантань-Хенань, Вандіопа і Чанітао. Наступного дня Подільці атакували північну частину Сандепу і попри потужний вогонь противника, увірвалися в це село, зайнявши західну околицю.

З 16 по 25 лютого Подільський полк брав участь в Мукденській битві. 25 лютого, перебуваючи в ар'єргарді генерала Ганенфельда, Подільський полк вів нерівний бій з насідаючим на нього з усіх боків противником; до вечора велика частина офіцерів і нижніх чинів була поранена, але залишки полку, розстрілявши набої, продовжували вести бій, пробиваючись багнетами на північ. Три рази залишки полку ходили вночі в атаку і лише на світанку 26 лютого, оточені з усіх боків ворогом, були взяті в полон дрібними частинами. З усього полку до Теліна прибуло тільки дві роти, що були у прикритті 41-ї артилерійської бригади, і кінно-мисливської команди, висланої заздалегідь на північ із прапором. До 26 лютого полк втратив свого командира, полковника Васильєва, 5 офіцерів і 618 нижніх чинів убитими, 17 офіцерів і 1200 нижніх чинів полоненими, серед яких було 6 офіцерів і 715 нижніх чинів пораненими.

У перших числах березня з решти двох рот, з додаванням прибулих на укомплектування офіцерів і нижніх чинів, було сформовано ще 14 рот.

Пам'ятник слави 55-го піхотного Подільського полку
Пам'ятник був відкритий 26 серпня (8 вересня) 1912 в Бендерах, в день сторіччя Бородінської битви, в пам'ять про полеглих у Французько-російській війні 1812 року воїнів 55-го піхотного Подільського полку. Спочатку розташовувався приблизно за 25 сажнів на північ від Олександро-Невської церкви, в центрі невеликого скверу. У першій половині 1960-х пам'ятник слави 55-го піхотного Подільського полку винесли за межі фортеці і встановили зверненим до її валів на вулиці Енгельса (нині — Паніна), де він розташовується і понині.

Перша світова війна
У серпні 1914, з початком Першої світової війни, полк, у складі 14-ї піхотної дивізії, 8-ї армії, під командуванням генерала від кавалерії Корнілова взяв участь в Галич-Львівській операції в результаті якої під напором російських військ, австро-угорці були змушені відступити. У 1915 році Подільці вели запеклі бої в Галичині і Польщі, безпосередньо біля Перемишля. У березні 1916 полк взяв участь у Брусилівському прориві. Спочатку він діяв в напрямку Луцького прориву — вів бої в районі Терешів, Корита і Острожця.

Лютнева революція
Лютневу революцію 1917 року полк зустрів в Угорщині. У полку серед нижніх чинів і офіцерів почалися бродіння. 5 квітня 1917 року в полку був обраний перший офіцерський комітет. 27 квітня полк ухвалив рішення відсвяткувати 1 травня, як «Свято Свободи». 9 червня 1917 полковий комітет розглянув питання про роздачу подарунків, надісланих полку з міста Бендери. Зокрема було надіслано: 25 пудів сала, 30 пудів мила, 1 ящик сірників. Протокол підписав голова полкового комітету штабс-капітан Баранов (ЦГ ВІА СРСР, Ф.ВУА од. Хр.2669, оп.2, буд.3, л.31 і 93). В середині 1917 полк у складі 14-ї дивізії, 8-го корпусу, 4-й армії Румунського фронту продовжував дислокуватися в Угорщині. Полковий комітет ухвалив рішення заборонити поширення серед особового складу полку газет більшовицького (ленінського) спрямування.

Після захоплення влади більшовиками
Жовтневий переворот 1917 року полк зустрів негативно. «Полковий комітет, ротні командири і командний склад Подільського полку одноголосно ухвалив підтримати загальноармійський комітет … і висловлює недовіру купці узурпаторів разом з Леніним і Троцьким на чолі». У грудні 1917 Подільський полк був виведений з румунського села Діордіо-Талдиєш у село Бистрогара. У полку різко впала дисципліна, з'явилися перші дезертири. Румунські війська почали захоплювати озброєння і майно деморалізованої російської армії. Станом на 1 січня 1918 госпчастина Подільського полку не змогла виплатити польові порційні і платню особовому складу. 9 січня 1918 Подільський полк у складі 14-ї дивізії почав відхід з Румунії в Бессарабію. Останній документ польової канцелярії полку датований 18 лютого 1918.

В архівних документах 14-ї дивізії ім'я Іллі Парфелюка згадується в списку особового складу Подільського полку, як зниклого безвісти в 1916, де його звання позначено як прапорщик. Про те, що полк в 1917 організовано перейшов на бік більшовиків, архівних документів не виявлено.

Відзнаки полку
 Георгіївський прапор з написом «За Севастополь в 1854 і 1855 р.р.» і «1798-1898», з Олександрівською ювілейною стрічкою.
 Георгіївські труби з написом «За переправу через Дунай у Зімнічі 15 червня і за Шипку 1877».

Знаки розрізнення

Церква полку
Похідна церква полку носила назву Спаса Нерукотворного. Власного стаціонарного храму полк не мав, поки не прибув на місце постійної дислокації в Бендери. У 1889, з ініціативи командира полку, на вул. Софіївській почалося будівництво такого храму, що було закінчене в 1899 році. Зі статистичного опису церков по військовому відомству по місту Бендери відомо, що «церква 55-го піхотного Подільського полку в честь Нерукотворного Образу Христа Спасителя була кам'яною будівлею, у вигляді хреста, місткістю 500 чоловік. Споруджена в 1899 році на приватні пожертви (близько 35 тисячі рублів). Святий престол церкви названий на славу благовірного великого князя Олександра Невського».

Шефи полку
Шефи або почесні командири:

Роченсальмський гарнізонний полк
 02.01.1798 — 04.03.1800 — генерал-майор (з 20.03.1799 генерал-лейтенант) Олексій Болотніков
 03.07.1801 — 29.12.1801 — генерал-лейтенант Олексій Болотніков
 29.12.1801 — 04.09.1805 — генерал-майор Іван Сутгоф
 04.09.1805 — 23.11.1809 — генерал-майор Костянтин Гавро
 23.11.1809 — 17.01.1811 — полковник Олександр Зайцев

Подільський полк
 17.01.1811 — 01.09.1814 — полковник (з 27.05.1813 генерал-майор) Андрій Маслов
 15.06.1878 — 12.01.1890 — генерал Федір Радецький

Командири полку

Роченсальмський гарнізонний полк
 05.01.1798 — 09.04.1798 — полковник Олексій Демидов
 02.07.1798 — 23.11.1798 — полковник фон Микола Бушен
 27.03.1799 — 04.03.1800 — полковник Яків Фролов
 03.07.1801 — 22.04.1802 — полковник Яків Фролов
 01.07.1802 — 07.10.1802 — підполковник Віктор Тромбаро
 04.11.1802 — 26.05.1807 — підполковник Вілім Карг

Подільський полк
 02.04.1811 — 10.03.1813 — майор (з 27.04.1812 підполковник) Мойсей Менделєєв (фактично до листопада 1812)
 01.11.1812 — xx.05.1815 — майор Строльман
 01.01.1816 — 30.08.1824 — полковник Карл Жерве
 30.10.1824 — 06.12.1827 — полковник Антон Бріземан фон Неттінг
 хх.11.1830 — xx.03.1833 — полковник Трохим Максимов
 xx.03.1833 — xx.05.1840 — полковник Сахновський
 xx.05.1840 — 01.01.1845 — полковник (з 08.09.1843 генерал-майор) Володимир Потапчін
 01.01.1845 — 29.06.1845 — полковник Яким Бублик
 29.06.1845 — 11.08.1845 — майор Семен Пороховник
 11.08.1845 — xx.xx.1849 — підполковник Голіков
 xx.xx.1849 — 11.03.1855 — полковник Іван Ловчев
 11.03.1855 — 26.06.1855 — підполковник Ковальковський
 26.06.1855 — ? — полковник Олексій Аленніков
 27.06.1860 — 15.08.1864 — полковник Ілля Кузьмін
 xx.xx.1864 — xx.xx.1868 — полковник (з 4.10.1867 генерал-майор) Костянтин Будогоський
 10.12.1873 — 14.02.1878 — полковник (з 5.09.1877 генерал-майор) Михайло Духонин
 14.02.1878 — 10.08.1878 — полковник (з 22.07.1878 генерал-майор) Олексій Генгросс
 10.08.1878 — ? — полковник Альбрехт
 03.12.1879 — 20.03.1887 — полковник Троаде Шавров
 хх.хх.1887 — 09.02.1888 — полковник Володимир Соловйов
 14.02.1888 — 04.12.1888 — полковник Дмитро Резвий
 07.12.1888 — 26.02.1894 — полковник Олександр Яновський
 03.03.1894 — 13.05.1898 — полковник Вікентій Сенніцький
 28.05.1898 — 28.06.1899 — полковник Костянтин Смирнов
 10.07.1899 — 16.07.1903 — полковник Іван Чутівський
 16.08.1903 — 14.02.1904 — полковник Володимир Бобровський
 07.03.1904 — 05.05.1905 — полковник Олександр Васильєв
 05.05.1905 —14.07.1910 — полковник Євгени Трегубов
 10.08.1910 — 13.05.1914 — полковник Микола Яновський
 13.05.1914 — 13.11.1914 — полковник Олександр Карташов
 xx.xx.1914 — ? — полковник Чутковський
 13.11.1914 — 02.01.1915 — полковник Володимир Шокоров
 08.03.1915 — 12.08.1915 — полковник Андрій Григорович
 12.08.1915 — 13.03.1917 — полковник Микола Зеленецький
 31.03.1917 — 05.1917 — полковник Олександр Гепецький
 05.1917 — 11.1917 — полковник Василь Цепушелов
 xx.10.1917 — 11.1917 — виборний командир Ісай Парфелюк
 11.1917 — 1918 — виборний командир поручик Сак Азарх

Офіцери полку
 Сергій Борзяков — полковник (остання чверть XIX — до революції).
 Володимир Деревенко — полковий лікар під час Російсько-японської війни.
 Володимир Жолтенко — російський воєначальник, генерал-майор, учасник китайської кампанії 1900—1901, російсько-японської та Першої світової воєн, громадянської війни в Росії, білоемігрант.

Відомі люди, що служили в полку
 капельмейстер Чернецький Ісаак Ісайович.
 прапорщик Петро Лещенко, румунський естрадний співак, служив в 1917.

Примітки

Джерела
 Вилков Г. 55-й Подольский пехотный полк. История подвига служения Отечеству. Бендеры, 2007
 Лобанов Е. А. Бендеры. Страницы истории 1812—1917 г. Бендеры, 2009
 Гизетти А. Л. Хроника Кавказских войск. Ч. I. — Тифлис, 1896. — С. 98, 201, 214
 Гренадерские и пехотные полки. Издание 2-е. Исправлено и дополнено под редакцией В. К. Шенк. По 1 апреля 1909 года. Справочная книжка Императорской Главной квартиры. — СПб., 1909. — С. 97

 Хроника Российской императорской армии. Часть V. — СПб., 1852. — С. 47—53
 Ястремский. Краткий очерк истории 55-го пехотного Подольского полка для нижних чинов. — Бендеры, 1895
 Вилков Г. С. .Воинские храмы Приднестровья, Бендеры. Исторический альманах Приднестровья, 2011.

Військові формування, розформовані 1918
Військові формування, засновані 1798
Бендери
Піхотні полки Російської імперії

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