text:
S vs S Videos
Origin of Shiism
Exposing Shia's Beliefs
Shia's Imams
Sermon of the Gulf
Fallacy of Shiism
Alawi Sect
Khomeini Views
Khomeini - British Agent
Shia converts to Islam
Ahmad Al-Katib
Ali Isa Mallah
Shia Videos: Arabic
Taqiya
Shia view of Sunnis
Quran's Distortion
Shia & Hadith
Refutation of Shiism
Shiism & Hatred
Ghadir Khumm
Rulings on Shiites
Answering Shiism
Who Killed Al-Hussain
Women in Shiism
Mut'ah
Shia's Rituals
Shia vs Companions
Succession of Rulership
Shia: Prophet's Wives
Shia & Monotheism
Nahj ul Balagha
Al-Kafi
Comparison: Sunnis vs. Shi'ites
An Outline Of The Differences Between The Sunnis and The Shi'ite in Matters of Faith And Doctrine
1. The Glorious Qur'an
2. Ahaadeeth (The Prophetic Traditions)
3. The Companions of the Prophet
4. Belief in the oneness of Allah
5. Seeing Allah
6. The Unseen
7. Ahlur-Rasool (the family of the Messenger - may Allah be pleased with them all)
8. The meaning of Shari'ah and Haqeeqah
9. Islamic jurisprudence
10. Al-walaa' (obedience and devotion)
11. Taqiyyah (calculated deception)
12. Governing the Islamic state
The Glorious Qur'an
Sunnis
Shi'ites
There is unanimous agreement among them regarding its authenticity, and its text being safeguarded from any additions or deletions. The Qur'an is to be understood in consonance with the rules and bases of the Arabic language. They believe in every single letter of it, it being the word of Allah the Exalted. The Qur'an is neither temporal nor newly created, but is eternal. Falsehood does not approach it from before it or behind it. It is the primary source of all the Muslims' tenets of faith, their rites and rules of conduct.
To some of them, the Qur'an's authenticity is doubtful, and if it appears to contradict any of their sectarian beliefs or doctrines, then they give the Qur'anic text strange, far-fetched interpretations that agree with their sectarian views. For that reason they are called Al-Mutawwilah (those who give their own interpretations to the revealed texts). They love to draw attention to the discord that occurred at the time when the Qur'an was first compiled. The views and opinions of their Imams are the primary source of their jurisprudence.
Hadeeths (The Prophetic Traditions)
For the Sunnis, it is the second source of revealed law, complementary to the Noble Quran It is not permissible to contradict or reject the rulings and directives contained in those Hadeeths (ahaadeeth) which are reliably attributed to the Prophet (may Allah's blessings and peace be upon him). The methodology applied in determining the authenticity of these traditions utilizes a set of stringent rules agreed upon by the scholars who specialize in this field, and involves detailed analysis of the chain of transmitters of any given tradition. No distinction is made between male and female narrators; judgment is made solely on the basis of individual trustworthiness and technical ability in relating traditions, and every narrator's history is recorded. No tradition is accepted from a known liar, or from one whose morals or scholarly ability were not corroborated, or from anyone, merely on the basis of his family connection or lineage. The compilation of the Prophetic Traditions is taken to be a sacred Trust, the fulfillment of which overrides all other considerations.
The Shi'ites reject all Prophetic Traditions which were not related by members of Ahlul-Bait, or their descendants. The only exception to this rule is their acceptance of a few Hadeeths (ahaadeeth) narrated by those who sided with 'Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) in his political wars. They do not attend to the authenticity and soundness of the chain of narrators, nor do they approach the study of the Prophetic Traditions with a scientific, critical attitude. Their narrations often appear in a form like that of the following example: "It has been reported regarding Muhammad bin Isma'eel by way of some of our friends through a man who transmitted it from him ['Ali] that he said..." Their books are filled with hundreds of thousands of traditions whose authenticity cannot be confirmed. They have built their religion specifically upon these spurious texts while outright rejecting over three quarters of the authentic Prophetic Traditions. This is one of the main differences between the Shi'ites and the Sunnis.
The Companions Of The Prophet
It is unanimously agreed that the noble Companions deserve our utmost respect, and are absolutely trustworthy. As for the discord which occurred among them, it is to be considered as the consequence of the sincere exercise of personal conviction and opinion. The discord was resolved and is a thing of the past. It is not permissible for us to hold, on the basis of past differences among the Companions, grudges and ill will which continue for generations. The Companions are those whom Allah has described in the best of terms; He has praised them upon many occasions. It is not lawful for anyone to make any accusation against them or cast suspicion upon them, and there is no benefit to be derived therefrom.
They charge that all save a few of the Companions had turned apostate after the death of the Prophet (may the peace and blessings of Allah be upon him). On the other hand, they grant the Companion 'Ali bin Abi Taalib a very special status; some of them consider him vicegerent, and some view him as a prophet, while others take him for a god! Shi'ites pass judgment on Muslims in accordance with their position with regards to 'Ali. Whoever was elected caliph before 'Ali is held by them to be a tyrant, an apostate or a sinner. The same judgment is passed on every Muslim ruler who did not step down for any of the descendants of 'Ali and his wife Fatimah (may Allah be pleased with them). The Shi'ites have thus created an atmosphere of animosity throughout the history of Islam, and the question of partisanship of Ahlul-Bait developed into a school of thought which preached and perpetuated such detrimental teachings down through the generations.
Belief In The Oneness Of Allah
Sunnis believe that Allah is the One, the Only, God, the Almighty Subduer. He has no partners or rivals, and He has no equal. There is no intermediary between Him and His worshippers. They believe in His attributes as they were revealed In the Qur'anic verses, and they do not obscure their obvious meanins with far-fetched Interpretations. They do not strike any comparison between the divine attributes and other things, for as Allah says in His Book "There is nothing like unto Him." They believe that Allah sent the Prophets and commissioned them with conveying to mankind His Message and Guidance. They conveyed Allah's Message and did not conceal any part of it They believe that knowledge Of the unseen belongs to Allah alone. Intercession is confined to the Hereafter, and none may intercede except by Allah's permission. All supplication, vows, offerings of sacrifices and requests for needs are to be directed to God alone; they are not to be directed to any other besides Him. Allah alone controls good and evil. There is no one, living or dead in His authority or in His administration of affairs. All beings depend on Him, and need His favor and mercy. The knowledge of Allah is attained through knowledge of divinely revealed law, and this has precedence over the exercise of reason, which might never guide one to the truth, although it may provide reassurance to the believer, and help him to achieve tranquillity.
The Shi'ites also believe in Allah the Exalted and His Oneness, except that they adulterate this belief with polytheistic rituals and observances. They implore and make supplication to Allah's slaves and worshippers rather than to Him alone, saying "O Ali! and "O Husain!" and "O Zainab!" Similarly they make vows and sacrifice beasts in the name of others besides Allah. They request the dead to fulfil their needs as is shown by their prayers and poems. They consider their Imams to be infallible, to have knowledge of the unseen, and to partake In the administration of the universe. It is the Shi'ites who Invented Sufism (mysticism) to consecrate their deviated tenets and thus give them the air of legitimacy They claimed that there is special power and authority invested in the "awliyaa"' (mystic saints), "aqtaab" (those considered to be the spiritual axes of the universe, which turns due to their exalted status), and Ahlul-Bait Shi'ite scholars and clergy impressed upon their followers the concept of a hereditary privileged class, as a matter of religion, although this has no foundation in Islam at all. Knowledge of Allah, is attained, according to them, through the exercise of reason, not by knowledge of divinely revealed law. That which came to us by way of revelation in the Qur'an merely represents an affirmation of reason's judgment; it is not considered to be a source which is independent of, and beyond the limits of reason.
Seeing Allah
Sunnis believe that believers will be blessed with the sight of Allah in the Hereafter, as is mentioned in the Qur'an: "On that Day faces [of the believers] will be resplendent, looking towards their Lord."
The Shi'ites believe that to see Allah is not possible in this world nor in the Hereafter.
Allah the Exalted has reserved knowledge of the unseen for Himself; however, He has revealed to His Prophets some of the affairs and conditions of the unseen, for particular reasons. The Qur'an says: "And they do not encompass anything of God's knowledge except what He will to reveal thereof"
They claim that knowledge of the unseen belongs solely to their Imams, and it is not for the Prophet to inform us about the unseen. Some Shi'ites have gone so far as to claim godhead for those Imams.
Aalur-Rasool (The Family Of The Messenger)
(May Allah Be Pleased With Them All)
Ahl Al-Bait , according to the Sunnis, has various meanings. The best single definition of this term is "the followers of the Prophet Muhammad in the faith of Islam." It is also defined as "the pious and God-fearing people of the Prophet's ummah (nation of believers)." It is also said that the term refers to the believing relatives of Muhammad, from the tribes of Haashim and 'Abdul-Muttalib.
According to the Shi'ites, the term Ahl Al-Bait refers only to 'Ali bin Abi Taalib, to some of his sons, and to the descendants 'of those sons.
The Meaning Of Shari'ah (Islamic Law) And Haqeeqah (The Truth)
In the Sunnis' view, the Shariah (the divinely revealed law) is itself the Haqeeqah (the essential knowledge, the reality). They hold that Muhammad, the Messenger of Allah, did not conceal from his nation of believers any part of that knowledge, contained in the revealed law. There was no good thing that he did not guide us to, and no evil thing that he did not warn us about. Allah has said 'On this day, I have completed your religion. Therefore, ' the sources of the Islamic faith are Allah's Book and the sunnah (practice) of the Prophet, and there is no need to add anything to that. The relationship of the believer with Allah, and the path to the achievement of good works and worship, are clear and direct. The only one to know the actual condition of the believers is Allah, so (i.e do not pass judgment on the praiseworthiness or purity of anyone, lest we overstep our bounds). The views and opinions of anyone may be accepted or rejected, except or those of the infallible Prophet of Allah, upon whom be Allah's blessings and peace.
The Shi'ites see the Shari'ah as being merely the various rulings and directives set forth by the Prophet; they concern the common and superficial folk only. As for the Haqeeqah, no one knows it except the Imams of Ahl Al-Bait
These Imams acquire the sciences of Haqeeqah through inheritance, one generation after another. It remains a secret possession among them. Furthermore, the Shi'ites consider their Imams infallible; their every work and practice is deemed incumbent upon their followers. They believe that one may communicate with God only through intermediaries, and it is for this reason that their religious leaders have such an inflated opinion of themselves, as evidenced by the exaggerated titles they take for themselves, e.g. Baabullah (the door to Allah), Waliyullah (the friend of Allah), Hujjatullah (Allah's proof), Ayatullah (the sign of Allah), Al-Ma'soom (the infallible one), etc.
Ahlus-sunnah adhere strictly to the legal rulings and directives of the Noble Qur'an, as clarified by the sayings and practices of the Messenger We also depend upon the sayings of the Companions and the generation of trustworthy scholars who followed them. They were the nearest to the Prophet's era and the most sincere in supporting his mission, throughout the tests and trials which had to be endured in the course of establishing Islam. Since this religion has been completed, no one has the right to formulate new legislation or directives; however, in order to properly understand the details of the revealed law, and to apply it according to new situations and circumstances while keeping in mind the general welfare of the people, one must refer to the qualified Muslim scholars who must work solely within the bounds established by Allah's Book and the sunnah of the Prophet (may Allah's blessings and peace be upon him).
They depend only on the exclusive sources which they claim for their Imams: upon their farfetched interpretations of the Quran; and upon their contrary attitude which puts them at odds with the majority of the Muslim peoples. The Shi'ites consider their Imams to be infallible, and to have the right to create new rulings and directives .in contradiction to the revealed law. For example, they have altered:
(a) The call to prayer and the prescribed times and postures of prayers.
(b) The rites of Hajj (pilgrimage) and visitation to the sacred places.
(c) The specified times for beginning and breaking the fast.
(d) The rulings with regards to zakaah (alms-tax) and its distribution.
(e) The inheritance laws. The Shi'ites are very particular to take positions in opposition to Ahlus-Sunnah, thus widening the gap between Sunnis and Shi'ites.
Al-Walaa' (Obedience And Devotion)
Al-walaa ' means "total adherence, obedience and devotion." The Sunnis believe that it is due only to the Messenger of Allah, for Allah says in His Book "Whosoever obeys the Messenger, he has verily obeyed Allah.'' No other person deserves our strict adherence or our obedience and devotion. Our responsibilities to others are defined by known legal principles, and there is no obedience due to any human being if that entails disobedience to the Creator.
They view al-walaa' as being one of the pillars of iman. They define it as the firm belief in the Twelve Imams including the "hidden" Imam). They consider one who does not have strict devotion to Aalul-Bait as one who has no faith. They will not pray behind such a person, nor will they give him zakaah although he be deserving of it. Such a person would be treated as a kaafr by them.
Taqiyyah (Calculated Deception)
It is defined as presenting an outer appearance that belies what one conceals inside, to protect oneself from harm. It is considered impermissible for a Muslim to deceive other Muslims, because of the Prophet's saying: Whoever deceives is not of us." Resorting to Taqiyyah is permitted only in one situation: during war against the disbelievers who are the enemies of Islam. That is part of the etiquette of war. It is incumbent on the Muslim to be truthful and courageous in upholding the truth, and to be neither ostentatious, nor deceiving, nor treacherous. A muslim should give sincere counsel, enjoin what is good and forbid what is evil.
In spite of the differences among the various Shi'ite sects, they all agree that Taqiyyah is a prescribed duty and a pillar of their faith. Their schools of thought could not stand without it. They learn its principles and methods and they practice it, especially if they are in dire circumstances. They exaggeratedly praise and flatter those whom they consider disbelievers, whom they consider deserving of slaughter and destruction. The verdict of kufr is passed on anyone who is not of their sectarian school, and for them "the end justifies the means." Their ethics allow every manner of lying, cunning and deception.
Governing The Islamic State
The state is ruled by a Caliph (Khalifa) elected to his position of leadership from among the Muslim people. To be leader, a man must be sane, rightly guided and knowledgeable. He should be known for his piety and trustworthiness, and he should be capable of bearing such a responsibility. The caliph is nominated to his position Of leadership by those Muslims endowed with knowledge and experience. If he does not hold firm to his duty, and deviates from the directives of the Qur'an, then they may remove him from his position and strip him of all authority. Otherwise, he deserves the obedience and cooperation of every Muslim. The role of caliphate is, to the Sunnis, a great burden and responsibility, not a mere honor or opportunity for exploitations.
Generally speaking, the right to govern according to Shi'ites, is hereditary, and restricted to 'Ali, and his descendants by Fatimah (the daughter of the Prophet). There is, however, some slight difference among them on the point of the hereditary right as to whom it belongs to. Due to this view of theirs, the Shi'ites are never loyal to any ruler unless he is one of the descendants of 'Ali bin Abi Taalib.
When the practice of hereditary leadership vested in the descendants of 'Ali and Fatimah could no longer be maintained, because the line had come to an end, the Shi'ites invented the doctrine of Ar-Raj'ah, according to which the last Imam was not dead, but "hidden". He is expected to arise and return at the end of time, when he will slaughter all of his political opponents, and those of his ancestors, and will restore to the Shi'ites their rights which were "plundered" by the other sects over the centuries.


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Home » Economic Theory » Why is economic growth stalling? May be it is Ricardian equivalence!
The British and American recoveries do seem to be stalling. The recovery profile is by no means as strong as is usually the case after recessions, even after pretty major financial crises like that of 2008/09.
One of the insights of complex systems is that the impact of any particular factor may differ dramatically according to circumstances. So think, say, of a network of firms or consumers and ask how optimism or pessimism might spread across the network. Each decision maker will for his or her view in part upon the views of others to whom he or she is connected i.e. pays attention. And each agent (decision maker) will have its own level of persuadability. In other words, how easy is it for other agents to get the agent to change its mind?
A well established result is that changes in the opinions of a small number of agents can have dramatically different outcomes in terms of how far they spread across the system as a whole. Most of the time, changes of mind by a few agents won't get very far. But occasionally, they can infect, as it were, almost the whole network.
Ricardian equivalence is an esoteric concept which much of the time has little or no impact. But it might be doing now.
David Ricardo was a great English economist who wrote in the early 19th century. He made millions in the City and was also an MP. During the Napoleonic wars, government expenditure grew phenomenally. Ricardo asked: does it matter how this is paid for?
One way is to put taxes up now. The other is to run a deficit and issue government debt (bonds) to pay for it. Ricardo said it didn't matter how it was done. The latter way implied a future stream of interest payments on the debt, and rational agents would anticipate that taxes would go up in future to meet these payments. So they would cut back their spending now to save for the increases in future taxes. Their spending would fall by just as much as if they were taxed now. The two methods are equivalent.
The current massive emphasis on government debts and deficits certainly alerts consumers to the idea that taxes might have to rise to pay for them. So they are cautious about spending. Companies, sitting on piles of cash, observe this caution and postpone investment decisions which they can easily afford to pay for.
So the economy stalls. In more normal times, Ricardian equivalence is a pretty odd idea. But it might be why the recovery is weak now. Paradoxically, cutting the deficit more sharply might lead to a much stronger rebound.


A couple of things this week have prompted me to share this insight. First of all, interspersed in the World Cup coverage on ESPN in the US is a new advert for AT&T. I was shocked when I heard the advert while making a half-time cup of tea (you can take the boy out of England, but can't take the England out of the boy, and all that). Normally the preserve of upbeat techno and chart pop, the new AT&T advert features Nick Drake. NICK DRAKE. Now, a lot of you won't know who the hell he is. It's a shame.
Nick Drake's back catalogue is sparse. Despite releasing three mesmerising albums, he never found the broad recognition that his talent deserved. His output captured the depths of despair, as well as the shimmering beauty of simple music. Lyrically outstanding and musically adventurous, his output only came to public recognition years after his death. Released in 1968, 'Five Leaves Left', Nick Drake's debut album, is probably his most straightforward 'folk' output. If you are going to dip into it, 'River Man' is your starting point. A tune later covered by the unique Andy Bey, it's about as English a song as you'll ever hear. For his follow-up, 1970s 'Bryter Later', the folk sound was infused with jazz. 'Northern Sky', a clear standout track, is just perfect. It's also startlingly upbeat for Nick Drake. This is love put to music. 'Bryter Later' is one of the great Lost Albums. It's hard to fathom why it wasn't huge. Barely a note out of place and easily accessible. It's no wonder that its failure to perform had such a devastating impact on Nick Drake. His reaction to the failure of 'Bryter Later' is captured in his final album, 'Pink Moon'. Released in 1972, this album is sparse. It's dark. At times, pitch black. It's also magical. Influencing a range of artists, from Paul Weller to Badly Drawn Boy, Matt Deighton to Beth Orton, I can only urge you to let Nick Drake into your life.
And so, to Beth Orton, and my second reason for the folk-confession. I was fortunate enough to catch her play a free concert this week in New York. With the Hudson River, a sunset over Jersey City, and a glorious summer evening as accompaniment, this was a special night. I've seen Beth Orton play a few times before, and she's always good. Always. Joking with the audience (though, in truth, I think that her very English sense of humour was lost on the crowd), and swearing like a trooper, everything about her performance was good. A couple of guitars, a piano, and a voice with the capacity to capture fragility and depth in equal measure – you don't really need much more. Spending around half of the set – and a long set at that – on stage alone, it's when her output is pared down to the basics that it's at its best. I love it – properly love it – when I hear a song performed live that I had mentally deleted from my collection – written off not because of the song itself, more because I had simply forgotten it. A case in point: 'Feel to Believe'. Heart stopping.
Folk. Don't write it off.


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Women and the Suburban Garden
Sarah Bilston
in The Promise of the Suburbs: A Victorian History in Literature and Culture
10.12987/yale/9780300179330.003.0006
Literature, Criticism/Theory
Gardening advice texts evoked women gardeners as active laborers, aesthetically informed designers, participants in the marketplace, and, toward the end of the century, even professional business ... More
Gardening advice texts evoked women gardeners as active laborers, aesthetically informed designers, participants in the marketplace, and, toward the end of the century, even professional business partners. Reframing women's relationship to the garden—and to society itself—across the course of Victoria's reign, such texts do not just imagine feminine power, they hand power over to reading and gardening women. Suburban gardens become, together with the suburban interior, spaces of aesthetic experimentation, apprenticeship, and finally professional practice.Less
Published in print: 2019-02-05
Gardening advice texts evoked women gardeners as active laborers, aesthetically informed designers, participants in the marketplace, and, toward the end of the century, even professional business partners. Reframing women's relationship to the garden—and to society itself—across the course of Victoria's reign, such texts do not just imagine feminine power, they hand power over to reading and gardening women. Suburban gardens become, together with the suburban interior, spaces of aesthetic experimentation, apprenticeship, and finally professional practice.
Keywords: Aesthetics, Women gardeners, Villa garden, Amateur gardeners, Consumerism, Wild Garden, Professional gardeners, Suburbs, Massing, Gertrude Jekyll
Architecture since 1400
Kathleen James-Chakraborty
10.5749/minnesota/9780816673964.001.0001
Architecture, Architectural History
This book aims to give equal attention to Western and non-Western structures and built landscapes. From Tenochtitlan's Great Pyramid in Mexico City and the Duomo in Florence to Levittown's suburban ... More
This book aims to give equal attention to Western and non-Western structures and built landscapes. From Tenochtitlan's Great Pyramid in Mexico City and the Duomo in Florence to Levittown's suburban tract housing and the Bird's Nest Stadium in Beijing, its coverage includes the world's most celebrated structures and spaces along with many examples of more humble vernacular buildings. The book presents key moments and innovations in architectural modernity around the globe. Integrating architectural and social history, this book pays particular attention to the motivations of client and architect in the design and construction of environments both sacred and secular: palaces and places of worship as well as such characteristically modern structures as the skyscraper, the department store, and the cinema. It also focuses on the role of patrons and addresses to an unparalleled degree the impact of women in commissioning, creating, and inhabiting the built environment, with Gertrude Jekyll, Lina Bo Bardi, and ZahaHadid taking their place beside Brunelleschi, Sinan, and Le Corbusier.Less
This book aims to give equal attention to Western and non-Western structures and built landscapes. From Tenochtitlan's Great Pyramid in Mexico City and the Duomo in Florence to Levittown's suburban tract housing and the Bird's Nest Stadium in Beijing, its coverage includes the world's most celebrated structures and spaces along with many examples of more humble vernacular buildings. The book presents key moments and innovations in architectural modernity around the globe. Integrating architectural and social history, this book pays particular attention to the motivations of client and architect in the design and construction of environments both sacred and secular: palaces and places of worship as well as such characteristically modern structures as the skyscraper, the department store, and the cinema. It also focuses on the role of patrons and addresses to an unparalleled degree the impact of women in commissioning, creating, and inhabiting the built environment, with Gertrude Jekyll, Lina Bo Bardi, and ZahaHadid taking their place beside Brunelleschi, Sinan, and Le Corbusier.
Keywords: Western structures, non-Western structures, built landscapes, architectural modernity, client, architect, Gertrude Jekyll, Lina Bo Bardi, ZahaHadid, Brunelleschi

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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After the procedure one can usually return to their usual activities immediately with only some minor precautions (please see below).
Other common uses of Botulinum Toxin Type A include: excessive sweating of armpits and hands, squaring of the jaw (masseteric hypertrophy), "gummy smile" (excessive gingival display on smiling), plus many more medical applications. If you want any information regarding any other use of Botulinum Toxin Type A, please do not hesitate to get in touch.
This is the most common complication of treatment. You can reduce bruising by applying ice/cold packs. It is OK to cover up bruising with concealer/makeup from the day after your procedure.
Headaches occasionally occur following Botulinum Toxin Type A treatment. This is normally only on the night you receive treatment. Take painkillers as you would with any other headache.
Infection at the injection sites is remarkably rare. These are dealt with using topical (i.e. cream) or tablet antibiotics with no long-term ill effects. If you are concerned that you may be developing an infection, contact the practitioner that did your treatment for advice.
Like with any other medication, allergic reactions to Botulinum toxin Type A or any other of the product's ingredients are always possible. However, they are very rare. Please make sure to inform your practitioner of any reaction you may have had in the past to any medication, tablet, or drug prior to treatment.
Eyebrows arching. This is usually one of the desired effects of treatment. However, should your eyebrows lift more than you would like, this can usually be treated easily. Please get in touch with your practitioner and you should be offered a review appointment.
Eyebrow or eyelid drooping. If your eyebrow or eyelid droops following treatment, you should let your cosmetic practitioner know as soon as you become concerned, as there are several steps that can be taken to correct this rare complication.
Pregnancy and breastfeeding. ALL cosmetic medicine treatments are NOT advised during pregnancy and breastfeeding.
Hypersensitivity to the active substance or to any of the other ingredients.
Inflammation or infection at the injection sites.
A history of Myasthenia Gravis, Eaton Lambert Syndrome, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, or any condition causing defective neuromuscular transmission. These conditions may increase the sensitivity to Botulinum Toxin Type A.
A history of dysphagia and aspiration.
Allergy to eggs or egg proteins.
Wear little or (ideally) no make up.
If you are on any long-term medications, take them as usual. Please make sure to let your cosmetic practitioner know of any ongoing therapy (including non-prescription or herbal remedies) you may be on before treatment, especially if it involves Aspirin, Warfarin or any other blood thinners.
Avoid applying make-up over the injection sites for 12 hours (this is to reduce the already small risk of skin infection).
Immediately following the treatment, you will likely have small bumps underneath the skin at the sites of injection. These should be gone within one hour. This is just the Botulinum Toxin beneath the skin. This technique allows it to soak down into the muscle rather than being injected directly into the muscle and increasing the risk of bruising.
AVOID applying direct strong heat to the treated areas for 24 hours (e.g. going to the hair-dresser, using sun beds, any facial/beauty treatments, etc.), as this may increase the risk of bruising, inflammation, swelling and infection, and it also may reduce the overall duration of the treatment's results.
If possible, avoid any strenuous work out for 24-48 hours after treatment.
Always remember the 3S's of premature skin ageing and try to limit them: Sun, Smoking and Stress!
What is anti wrinkle injection?
The treatment is a natural purified protein produced by the Clostridium Botulinum Bacterium, which reduces the activity of the muscles that cause lines to form over time. It works by temporarily reducing the contractions of those muscles that can cause permanent lines to create a smoothed, rejuvenated appearance. When injected into a muscle, it temporarily blocks the chemical signals that make the muscle contract. Only minute quantities are injected and only the injected muscle will be affected.
Anti wrinkle injections last for approximately 3-4 months.
The treatment is used to treat facial lines caused primarily by facial muscles. An example of this is deep creases between the eyebrows, crows feet wrinkles and forehead lines. The appearance of these lines can be dramatically softened with the use of anti wrinkle injection.
In addition, anti wrinkle injection can also be used in the treatment of hyperhidrosis, or excessive sweating, where it is injected into the underarm area to stop problem perspiration.
The anti-wrinkle treatment itself takes just a few minutes. You will see an improvement in the appearance of your skin within days and the results can last up to 3-4 months. In your consultation, your aesthetic Doctor will assess your muscle movement by asking you to frown or smile. This will determine the injection site to achieve the best results for you. Anti Wrinkle Injection is then administered by several tiny injections which literally feel like a pin-prick. No anesthetic is required and you can return to work or day to day activities immediately.
Usually on day 2, though it will take up to 14 days for the full results to be apparent.
To complement your treatment, you may also consider the use of dermal fillers, which add plumpness. You may also be considering a surgical approach to holding back the years e.g.face lift. Anti wrinkle injection is an excellent complement to these to enable you to get the most out of your treatment.


Storm The Lakes Swim Festival – Swim races to suit all ages and abilities!
Storm The Lakes is an open water swimming festival that offers something for all lovers of swimming in the great outdoors. Now in it's second year, there are options for the beginners, the experienced, the young and old, and even something for those that like a different kind of challenge. Storm The Lakes is created and delivered by the award winning team at Be Endurance, who have years of experience in race organisation and understand what athletes need to make the event special.
The setting for Storm The Lakes is the Herts Young Mariners Base, located in Hertfordshire. With two large lakes, and excellent water quality, it's a gem for open water swimming.


text:
Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Serbia
Statement by First Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Foreign Affairs Ivica Dacic on the occasion of the New Year's reception 13 January 2020:
New York: Conference on Tesla gathers devotees at New Yorker Hotel
The 8th conference devoted to Nikola Tesla was held at New Yorker Hotel on 11 January, organized by the Tesla Science Foundation in Philadelphia and in cooperation with the Consulate General of the Republic of Serbia in New York. This year's conference marked the 10th Anniversary of the Tesla Science Foundation. The conference had a live coverage. Nikola Tesla's devotees, who come from various fields, such as science, education, art and entrepreneurship, gathered on this occasion.
Madrid: Ambassador Katarina Lalic Smajevic becomes an academician
dp - January 8, 2020 0
On 9 January, Ambassador Katarina Lalic Smajevic was elected academician by the Board of Ambassadors of Spain's Diplomatic School. News on the Diplomatic School's traditional annual awards ceremony was published in the electronic version of the Spanish daily newspaper "La Razon" and magazine "Hola".
A Charge d' Affaires of Montenegrin Embassy was summoned to the...
The Charge d' Affaires of the Montenegrin Embassy in Serbia was summoned today to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Serbia to be handed a Note expressing the sharpest protest over allegations by Montenegrin officials that the Republic of Serbia was responsible for the crisis in Montenegro, and that Serbia's actions and policies threatened the independence of Montenegro.
Ministry of Foreign Affairs condemns an attempt to burn Montenegrin flag...
The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Serbia has condemned in the strongest terms the "burning of the Montenegrin flag" and pointed out that such an act plays into the hands of those who are trying to shift responsibility for the crisis in Montenegro to Serbia.
Kneza Miloša 24-26, 11000 Belgrade , Republic of Serbia
Phone: (+381 – 11) 3616-333
(+381 – 11) 3068-000
Fax: (+381 – 11) 3618-366
http://www.mfa.gov.rs
Opening hours: Monday to Friday from 7.30am to 3.30pm (Central European Time zone, GMT +1)
Consular Affairs Department
Visa Policy Department
Migration Policy, Diaspora and Social Security Agreements Department
Minister of Foreign Affairs Ivica Dacic
Ivica Dacic, First Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Foreign Affairs
Born in 1966, Prizren. He received his BA degree from the School of Political Science, University of Belgrade.
He served on the Delegation of the National Assembly of the Republic of Serbia to the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe. He chaired his party's Parliamentary Group in the National Assembly of the Republic of Serbia and in the Assembly of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. From 1992 to 2004 he was delegate in the Chamber of Citizens of the Federal Assembly of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. Deputy of the National Assembly of the Republic of Serbia, 2004 to present.
He was appointed Minister of Information in the so-called transitional Government of the Republic of Serbia, October 2000 – January 2001. He became the Leader of the Socialist Party of Serbia in December 2006. He was the President of the Basketball Club Partizan Belgrade and Vice President of the Yugoslav Olympic Committee.
First Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Interior, July 2008 – July 2012. He was Prime Minister and Minister of Interior, July 2012 – April 2014.
On 27 April 2014, he was appointed First Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Foreign Affairs.
Recipient of The Best European award in 2009.
Speaks English and Russian.
Married, two children.
Belgrade CD Tweets
BIDD


text:
Boeing to cut commercial aircraft staff by 15% and slash production as losses mount
Boeing is slashing its commercial aircraft workforce by more than 15% and cutting production rates in response to the coronavirus pandemic and ensuing cash crunch.
The airframer announced the cuts as it reported losses of $641 million in the first quarter of 2020.
"These new reductions in our production rates and the continued impact of Covid-19 on our business will force us to reduce the size of our workforce. I'm sorry that I have to deliver this news," Boeing chief executive David Calhoun says in a letter to staff.
Chicago-headquartered Boeing will cut total employment by about 10% through layoffs, voluntary departures and normal staff turnover, the letter says. Boeing has some 160,000 staff, meaning about 16,000 jobs will be cut.
"We'll have to make even deeper reductions in areas that are most exposed to the condition of our commercial customers – more than 15% across our commercial airplanes and services businesses, as well as our corporate functions," says Calhoun.
He notes Boeing is also shrinking the size of its executive management team.
Production of the still-grounded 737 Max will resume "at low rates in 2020" and "gradually increase to 31 per month during 2021, with further gradual increases to correspond with market demand", says Boeing.
The lower output adds $1 billion to the cost of the Max production upheaval, bringing Boeing's estimated total cost of the Max's "abnormal" production to $5 billion, Boeing says.
Boeing had been making 53 Max monthly when regulators grounded the type in March 2019.
The company will also cut 787 output to 10 aircraft per month this year, down from 14 currently, falling to seven aircraft monthly by 2022.
Under a previous plan, Boeing intended to reduce 787 production to 10 monthly in 2021, but then increase that to 12 per month in 2023.
Additionally, Boeing will reduce monthly combined 777/777X output to three aircraft monthly in 2021 and will "take a measured approach to the 777X rate ramp".
Boeing currently builds five 777s monthly and expects to begin delivering the 777X in 2021.
The airframer has not adjusted output of the 767 or 747, currently at respective rates of 2.5 and 0.5 per month.
"The global pandemic has changed the way we live and work. It is changing our industry. We are facing utterly unexpected challenges," Calhoun says.
"Airlines are delaying purchases [of] new jets, putting the brakes on delivery schedules and deferring elective maintenance," he adds. "We're also seeing a dramatic impact on our commercial services business, as grounded airline fleets decrease the demand for our offerings."
The company's operations burned $4.3 billion during the first quarter.
But Boeing started the period with $9.5 billion in cash, took a roughly $14 billion loan in the quarter and ended March with cash of $15 billion, meaning it actually used more than $8 billion in cash during the first quarter, notes Bank of America Merrill Lynch analyst Ronald Epstein.
That $8 billion includes the operations cash burn and repayment of debt or financing, Epstein says.
"Access to additional liquidity will be critical for Boeing and the aerospace manufacturing sector to bridge to recovery, and the company is actively exploring all of the available options. Boeing believes it will be able to obtain sufficient liquidity to fund its operations," Boeing says. The company has said it is considering applying for government aid through a coronavirus relief package.
Boeing notes steps recently taken to shore up its finances: drawing a term loan of $13.8 billion, cutting operating costs, halting stock repurchases and dividend payments, and reducing research and development expenses.
Boeing's first quarter revenue declined 26% year on year to $16.9 billion, while costs slipped about 10%, to $16.8 billion.
"While Covid-19 is adding unprecedented pressure to our business, we remain confident in our long-term future," says Calhoun. "We continue to support our defence customers in their critical national security missions. We are progressing toward the safe return to service of the 737 Max, and we are driving safety, quality and operational excellence into all that we do every day. Air travel has always been resilient."
The coronavirus and Max grounding particularly hammered Boeing Commercial Airplanes.
That unit lost $2.1 billion in the first quarter, reversing a $1.2 billion profit in the same period last year. Commercial aircraft revenue declined roughly half to $6.2 billion, and Boeing delivered only 50 commercial aircraft in the period, down from 149 in the first quarter of 2019, it says.
First quarter expenses included $797 million from the pre-coronavirus Max production suspension, $336 million to address issues with 737NG hardware, and $137 million from suspension of Seattle-area production amid the coronavirus pandemic. The company also reports lower 787 margins.
Boeing Global Services' revenue remained largely flat year on year at $4.6 billion, although the unit's profit increased by 8%, to $708 billion.
Story updated on 29 April to note Boeing's current employee count, and the number of job cuts.
Nearly 7,000 workers to lose jobs in Boeing's first wave of job cuts
Boeing will notify nearly 7,000 employees this week that their jobs will be eliminated as part of a 10% companywide staff reduction that targets the aerospace giant's commercial aircraft business.
GE Aviation expands job cuts to 25% of global workforce
US engine maker GE Aviation is reducing its global workforce by some 13,000 employees as part of a plan to better align its business with reduced rates of commercial aircraft production.
Boeing clinches $25 billion in milestone capital raise
Boeing is raising $25 billion in a multi-tranche bond offering, as it buffers liquidity amid an air travel downturn that could take years from which to recover. In March, as the pandemic shut down air travel globally, Boeing had suggested that the broader US aerospace and manufacturing sector might ...
More Airframers
Former KPMG CEO Doughtie joins Boeing's board as Kennedy steps down
Former KPMG chief executive Lynne Doughtie has joined Boeing's board of directors, filling a seat left vacant by the resignation of board member Caroline Kennedy.
Embraer North American president Spulak retires
Gary Spulak, the longtime president of Embraer's US business, retired from the Brazilian airframer at the end of 2020, Embraer confirms.
Spirit AeroSystems and GE Aviation beneficiaries of $125m in US-backed loans
The Export-Import Bank of the United States has agreed to guarantee two financing deals that will provide $125 million to support aerospace work at GE Aviation and Spirit AeroSystems.


Is this a Fox News affiliate? (Fair and Balanced, right?? How about accurate?) It seems that their segment producers need to learn to verify their sources, because this segment on "How To Be Emo" needs some definite verification.


Anadarko Petroleum and Chevron Corporation announced a $50 billion deal on Friday.
The energy groups expect to realize about $2 billion in annual "synergies" within a year of closing the deal.
Companies realize synergies by eliminating redundancies such as duplicate departments and roles, most likely meaning some employees will be let go.
Chevron and Anadarko Petroleum announced plans to join forces in a $50 billion deal on Friday.
Chevron, the world's third-largest energy company expects the deal to enhance its shale, deepwater, and natural gas operations. But companies don't just do deals to make their presence known, they make deals to enhance shareholder value.
"This transaction will unlock significant value for shareholders, generating anticipated annual run-rate synergies of approximately $2 billion, and will be accretive to free cash flow and earnings one year after close," said Chevron Chairman and CEO Michael Wirth.
These "synergies" include $1 billion in pre-tax cost savings — likely to stem from combining departments, eliminating redundant positions, and similar cost-cutting measures. The other $1 billion is expected to come from lower capital spending, or investing less in assets such as oil rigs and drilling equipment. The combined group's attempts to save in both areas are likely means job losses are coming.
Chevron employed around 48,600 people in 2018 and Anadarko had about 4,700 workers. Given both companies operate in the oil-and-gas sector and some of the same geographical areas, there are likely to be overlaps in their operations and workforces.
Both companies have a history of "rightsizing" their workforces. Chevron cut between 6,000 and 7,000 jobs, or 11% of its workforce, less than five years ago. Anadarko slashed 1,000 jobs — about 17% of its workforce — around the same time.
Investors will be excited for management to streamline and optimize the enlarged business, driving up profits — one of the key attractions of a merger. Chevron and Anadarko's workers may be less enthused.


On Saturday 6th June I visited Collingham real ale festival, one of the many beer festivals hosted in the North East Leeds area (see post of July 5th).
Entry was five quid for the usual commemorative glass, quality programme and a free half (I wonder who and when are going to be the first beer fest round here to break the five quid barrier?). Ten pounds bought a ticket with six tokens on, each representing one half which was ticked off at point of sale. I made that a reasonable £3.30 a pint. Cider was a bit dearer at 1/3 pint per token and wine or Pimms was two tokens. The downside, it was ten quid or nothing, no refunds. I'm not coming to get tanked up, but I might want an odd one or two more than three and a half pints (seven ales), but definitely not seven pints or twenty quids worth. Neither do I want to go home with unspent tokens, I reckon this could put a few people off and I would have liked a bit more financial flexibility.
Outside the stone built village hall everything looked really cool. Inside the hall was a bit of a disappointment though. The light and airy wooden panelled area housing the bar was fine and had the look and feel of a beer festival but the main hall was a bit of a dour, dingy, damp smelling sort of a place. Almost a bit Darby and Joan, although it started to gain bit of atmosphere as it filled up.
The beers? There were lots of micro and smaller breweries represented, a lot from within a twenty-five miles radius. I know it's a village festival and it is definitely in Yorkshire but I have to say, for me, the list of Yorkshire ales was boring, boring, boring. I expected the likes of Collingham to be represented, and they make decent beers, so long as you steer clear of Journeyman which tastes far too much like Sam Smith's OBB for my liking.
I know the so called 'new wave' beers aren't to everyone's taste and I respect that, but there wasn't even a tiny ripple on the bar. If Collingham beer fest were a rock festival it would have been a local talent show rather than a big concert with showstopping headline acts, classical music rather than punk rock. The only big name was Black Sheep, unfortunately the ubiquitous Masham brewer can be found everywhere and anywhere. I don't really want to see mainstream middle of the road brewers on the bar at a beer fest and taking the concert analogy to Black Sheep, it's a bit like going to see the Grumbleweeds; they're still going and they were okay once, when there wasn't much competition around. I know it's billed as Collingham 'real ale' festival but couldn't we have been offered a bit of craft, maybe a bit of Magic Rock or a Northern Monk?
refreshing finish'. It tasted a bit sharp and sour and I didn't like it. I tried a Harrogate brewing Co Hornbeam, which was only okay and not exactly bursting with the Citra hops the programme promised.
I sort of started worrying whether it was my palate or the beers that were at fault? I'd not come across Rooster's Birdman (4.3%) before, but I desperately needed a touchstone. I don't think you can have a beer festival around these parts without Lee, he turns up everywhere and he really does graft, before and after, not just on the bar. Anyway he pulled me a nice half of Birdman. Thankfully it tasted the same as the Knaresboro' brewers ales always do. I just wished they'd chosen something like Baby faced Assassin instead.
Yorkshire Sparkle by Treboom brewery is a very pale golden ale of the best quality but it still left me searching and I sat pondering the programme looking for something to provide the higher IBU levels I desired.
Up to this point we'd wandered around a bit and watched the excellent Flagcrackers of Craven, a sort of progressive Morris team. Blacked out faces, coloured ribbons, excellent infectious music and riotous dance sequences, while still retaining the traditional Morris dancing ethos. Unfortunately it became a little cool outside so we trooped inside to watch them. Ironically, I sat drinking my fifth selection, Sole Destroyer (4.5%), whilst the clog footed Flagcrackers knocked pony out of the polished wooden floor. This seasonal ale from Old Mill brewery was a very nice, well rounded, light coloured pale ale, nice malt base with just a hint of both marzipan and banana in there, which would go really well with food.
Exit 33 redeemed their selves with New England (4.2%). Okay this brown bitter wasn't the intense hop hit I was looking for but it was superb. Malty, a subtle hint at chocolate, nicely bitter with a hoppy back taste, but not done to death. In essence, a cracking traditional Yorkshire bitter, I just couldn't help wishing that the beer picker had chosen some of Exit 33's more progressive stuff. My last choice was pretty decent as well, Wharfebank brewery Ro Sham Bo (4.2%), I could drink this excellent session IPA all day.
In the background there was a big flat cap thing going on with all the volunteer supporters sporting natty caps or bespoke aprons which gave a bit of a corporate feel to the event. There was plenty food available, including a rather happy looking roasted hog. One really good feature was the free juice and water for non drinkers and kids and no expectation for the chauffeur to pay an entry fee, spot on that.
A programme of eight bands kicked off at four o'clock, going through until the close at eleven. As we watched the first act 'Lucy and Jo', the hall was starting to fill up. You could tell it was going to build into a proper bash and if all the bands were as good as these two young ladies, who had some genuine potential, then the punters were in for a good night.
It's good to see that fifteen grand has been raised for the Praeder-Willi syndrome Association from the previous four festivals. This is a good event, a good festival, an excellent charity and a cracking village do. After a shaky start I had some nice beers but didn't find what I came for and I left wishing they could have been a bit more progressive with their choice of beer. Verdict, I would have a real careful look at the beer list before I go again.


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