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A Shot in the Arm Against Polio
A doctor vaccinates a Chapel Hill Schools student on April 18, 1955. Photograph by Roland Giduz, from the Roland Giduz Photographic Collection (P0033).
Amid this coronavirus pandemic, with two recently approved COVID-19 vaccines in the news, it's worth noting that 100 years ago this coming summer, the poliovirus struck a then-39-year-old Franklin Delanno Roosevelt. It caused the disease poliomyelitis, commonly called polio, that permanently paralyzed his legs. Polio is a disease known to ancient worlds, with epidemics striking many cultures and countries over centuries. Outbreaks commonly occurred during the summer months.
The first documented poliovirus epidemic in the United States occurred in 1894. It wasn't until 1905 that Ivar Wickman discovered from a Swedish epidemic that polio was highly contagious and that one could have the disease without exhibiting symptoms. By the early 1950s, polio had reached pandemic proportions.
To inoculate people against the coronavirus, the pharmaceutical industry has thus far developed two COVID-19 vaccines within ten months. As a comparison, polio vaccine development and trials took twenty years. The first polio vaccine trials began in 1935, but success was not reached until April 12, 1955 when the medical profession declared Jonas Salk's controversial vaccine safe, potent, and effective after testing 1.8 million children during the previous spring in advance of the summer infection season. The United States Government licensed the vaccine that same day, and mass distribution began the following day. A United Press news story declared it to be "the biggest mass assault on disease in history."
Author Stephen FletcherPosted on January 6, 2021 January 6, 2021 Categories History1 Comment on A Shot in the Arm Against Polio
Textile Strikes in North Carolina
In the 1920s, North Carolina was ranked as the largest textile producer in the country, employing thousands, especially in the Piedmont. But as the Great Depression ushered in the 1930s, nearly one-quarter of all North Carolinians were out of work.
Textile workers who held onto their jobs faced long hours, low wages, and dangerous working conditions. Consequently, they joined unions and went on strike for livable wages and safe working conditions. Throughout the 1920s and 1930s, mill employees across the state struck until their demands were met. For example, in 1921, at Cannon Mill locations in Charlotte, Concord, and Kannapolis, an estimated 9,000–11,000 people went on an 8-week strike.
Using Chronicling America, we can research these strikes and find out more about the history of organized labor in North Carolina.
Readers can see the same reasons behind the strikes. Many mention wage reductions, especially impactful during the years of the Great Depression. Sometimes these wage cuts were documented to be as high as 25%.
Over a dozen strikes occurred in the state between 1931 and 1933, many related to how much employees were being paid. In December 1931, a small strike at the Klumac Cotton mill in Salisbury was called. In July 1932, 6,000 struck in High Point for three weeks, and in August, roughly 500 at mills in Rowan County walked out, all in response to wage reductions.
One of the other common reasons for strikes was because of "stretch-out." Officially called "scientific management," it was a time management system that was designed to save companies money by making workers more efficient, leading them to do more in less time.
However, mill workers saw it as a way to cut jobs and have fewer people do more work without an accompanying rise in pay. Mill workers called it "stretch-out" as they felt they were stretched to their limits. In August 1932, over 1,000 workers in Rockingham and Spindale walked out, demanding an end to "stretch-out," and restoration of their wages to pre-cut pay levels.
Textile workers struck for other reasons as well. Hosiery mill workers in High Point demanded the same pay for a 40 hour week that they previously received for a 55 hour week. One Spindale strike petitioned for the removal of a specific superintendent. Mill strikes persisted well into the 1930s, with hundreds or thousands of workers often stopping work for weeks on end.
Most strikes were nonviolent, although there were exceptions. The most infamous strike occurred in Gastonia in June 1929 where violence broke out and strike organizers were killed. In February 1932, a strike of 500 cotton mill workers in Bladenboro ended after three officers were shot, although "[n]o one was wounded seriously." One fearful 1937 editorial wrote that striking inevitably meant violence and death – "Bloodshed follows a Southern textile strike almost as inevitably as night follows day."
State and national governments often intervened in settling or ending strikes. In 1921, National Guard troops were ordered to Concord to "take complete charge of the textile strike situation," which only broke after a visit by Governor Cameron Morrison. In 1929, it cost the state over $27,000 and $12,000 to again put National Guardsmen on duty during textile strikes in Marion and Gastonia, respectively.
Morrison was not the only governor to involve himself – in 1932, Governor O. Max Gardner persuaded 5,000 strikers in High Point to submit to arbitration. The following year, the State Department of Labor stepped in to settle strikes in Concord and in Forest City.
A strike's success was not always guaranteed – neither was positive reception. In 1934, mill workers in Mecklenburg County were "hot" for a strike, but those in Rutherford County, Gaston County, Marion, and High Point all responded negatively. One editorial in The Independent (Elizabeth City) asked why people across the state were striking, and if the cause was "hunger, communism or a general state of dissatisfaction…"
In 1933, President Roosevelt signed the National Industrial Recovery Act, which set minimum wages for textile workers in the South – about $12 a week. In September 1934, a massive national strike was held, but many textile workers felt that because of a lack of union support, membership was not important, and union numbers in North Carolina never recovered.
Author Spencer BevisPosted on December 28, 2020 November 13, 2020 Categories History, NC Historic NewspapersLeave a comment on Textile Strikes in North Carolina
How Telephones Changed North Carolina
The oft-told story is that the telephone officially came to North Carolina on March 10, 1879. That is typically seen as the day when Major Bowling W. Starke, the manager of the Western Union Telegraph Co. office in Raleigh, strung a wire that carried his voice from his office to his home four city blocks away.
Chronicling America, the archive of historic newspapers created by the Library of Congress, suggests otherwise. You might have heard 1879 was the year of the telephone, but our research says something different.
It was actually a year earlier, on April 14, 1878, when Starke made the first telephone call from Raleigh to Wilmington. Maj. Bowling W. Starke connected to Wilmington, and Governor Vance conversed with former Confederate Attorney General George Davis. Several men formed a choir to sing several hymns, "which were re-duplicated by singers in Wilmington." The "melodies were perfectly audible," and the first long-distance telephone call in North Carolina was a success.
People immediately saw the potential for the telephone as a tool to connect people in new and exciting ways.
The Western Sentinel (Winston-Salem) declared the telephone to be "the greatest achievement of modern science" and later said that it had "scarcely ceased to be a cause for amusement…" The Farmer and Mechanic (Raleigh) later facetiously predicted that telephones would eliminate the need for church services and houses of worship.
A frantic rush followed to connect cities and citizens via telephone. The "telephone craze" was on. A month after Vance's telephone call, the towns of Winston and Salem were "completely cobwebbed with telephones".
The Farmer and Mechanic imagined that Raleigh "must look like a big cob-web" with all the telephone wires stretched across the city. The excitement was so palpable that one newspaper advertisement simply advertised that people could come look at the telephone at a local drug store.
In 1879, Starke threaded the city of Raleigh with additional telephone wires, and communication was soon established between Raleigh and Durham. A few days later, several houses in Chapel Hill, including the home of Julian S. Carr, had telephones.
By the end of 1879, The Raleigh News reported 96 telephone wires in Raleigh, including the Supreme Court room, with more to come. In May 1880, telephone wires between Charlotte and Greenville, SC were established. It was prophesied that soon the telephone would "be so common that everyone can sit on his doorstep and talk with everybody else."
Some articles highlighted citizens' efforts to establish a telephone exchange in town. Telephone exchanges, offices that connected callers via switchboards, were big news for any town. A telephone exchange meant more people in town had phones and that they could talk to people further outside of their community. New telephone exchanges were always newsworthy.
In preparation for their telephone exchange, the Asheville Citizen included instructions on how to call someone, and how you should answer the phone ("What will you have?"). Once it was established, the Asheville telephone exchange answered more than 15,000 calls in June 1890 alone – "the biggest month's work" up to that point.
Throughout the state, people were excited at the possibilities the telephone presented. Part of that excitement involved just making civic life more convenient. Doctors could be quickly called in case of emergency, as could fire departments.
Cotton factories in Catawba, Lincoln, and Gaston counties built a telephone system to process orders faster. The Farmer and Mechanic editorialized that once Raleigh residents could call cities like Richmond or Augusta, "the saving in postage, in time, and in mistakes, will be wonderful." The telephone represented a major change for North Carolinians.
Author Spencer BevisPosted on December 3, 2020 November 13, 2020 Categories History, NC Historic Newspapers1 Comment on How Telephones Changed North Carolina
Behind the Scenes of the First Educational Film Made in North Carolina
Image provided courtesy of ECU Libraries
Over the years, many classic films have been produced and shot in North Carolina. But the story of the first educational film ever made here begins in 1921. Using the state newspapers available on the Library of Congress' Chronicling America website, we can track its history.
In May 1921, the State Board of Education announced they would outline the history of Roanoke Island, from the British colonists' ships landing in the 16th century to the 1920s. Captain Albert O. Clement, a photographer from Goldsboro, was initially slated to direct a "picturization" and W.C. Crosby, the director of the Division of School Extension in the state Department of Education, would assist.
A movie being filmed in North Carolina was a big deal, and even bigger for the people living on location in Dare County. Filming was scheduled for that September, and it would not be a historical recreation "in pageant form, but with an eye to reality."
The movie was to be directed by Elizabeth Grimball, a veteran theatre play producer, and Dr. Frederick H. Koch, professor of dramatic literature and playwriting at UNC-Chapel Hill. Mabel Evans Jones, the Dare County school superintendent, was to help with production and distribution.
$3,000 in state money was appropriated for the project. One editorial in the Elizabeth City Independent argued that $3,000 wouldn't be enough to do the project justice, and that the producers would have to rely on "donated properties, donated costumes, and such amateur theatrical talent…" Normally, a project of this size at the time would have required more than $50,000.
Indeed, as pre-production began, nearby counties volunteered their manpower to make the movie a reality. Money and other supplemental resources were brought in by the State Fishing Commission and the U.S. Coast Guard. The people of Roanoke Island built ships and sets. A number of citizens from across the state, including several newspapermen from Greensboro and Raleigh, volunteered to act in the movie.
Production for "The Lost Colony" began on September 20th, and there was an excitement in the air surrounding the filming. 150 cast members came from nearby towns – 100 were from the town of Manteo alone.
Producers from the Atlas Educational Film Co. in Chicago were present on set, as well as historian Frederick A. Olds.
News coverage of the filming was very favorable, with reporters remarking on the elaborate scenes, the depth of the story, and the striking colors of the costumes (the film was, of course, in black-and-white).
Filming was finished by the 27th. Although there was some grumbling that the film wouldn't be entirely historically accurate, reporters were gleeful when Crosby promised the finished product would be viewable by around November of that year. Indeed, it premiered on November 7, 1921 in the Supreme Courtroom in Raleigh.
Evidently, Crosby had also promised the people of Manteo that they would be the first people to see it. When Raleigh papers reported that the film would be shown all over the state before Manteo, the town was incensed. They were also hurt that the leading actors were from outside the community and didn't reflect the time and energy put in by the people of Manteo.
It was quickly rectified – the first public showing would be in Manteo after all, on the night of November 19. The film would be shown in Elizabeth City after that. One writer reckoned that "everybody in Elizabeth City will try to see the great historical film…"
And they did. On November 22 alone, an estimated 3,200 people paid admission to see the first movie ever filmed there. This was the "greatest day's business" ever recorded by the Alkrama Theatre in Elizabeth City. The 1920 census recorded 8,925 living in Elizabeth City at the time, which would mean nearly 36% of all residents turned out to see the movie.
Hundreds entered the theater without paying, crowding out the doors. Hundreds more were turned away, and the lobby and street outside were so full of people that the police threatened to close the venue. This made theater manager John Burgess "so hot in the collar" that he and the police chief nearly came to blows.
Reviews were mixed. The Independent said it was "lacking in many dramatic details, but as far as it went it was good." Another editorial remarked on the irony of watching English colonists exact violence against the native Americans living here, arguing that the contemporary colonizing of the Philippines and Haiti prove that "we haven't progressed much in the more than three centuries since."
Directed by Elizabeth Grimball and written by Mabel Evans Jones, "The Lost Colony Film" was to be the first in a series entitled "North Carolina Pictorial History," but none ever followed. The film is available as part of the North Carolina Collection in Wilson Library, and it is available to view on a kiosk in the North Carolina Collection Gallery.
Author Spencer BevisPosted on November 19, 2020 November 12, 2020 Categories History, NC Historic NewspapersLeave a comment on Behind the Scenes of the First Educational Film Made in North Carolina
How 'The Lost Colony' Outdoor Drama Got its Start
Every summer, people from around the country visit Manteo, North Carolina, to see an outdoor drama called "The Lost Colony," a dramatization of the famous failed colony on Roanoke Island. By exploring historic North Carolina newspapers, we can see how that play began and how it became a yearly production.
On July 4, 1937, Paul Green, a professor of drama and philosophy at UNC Chapel Hill, showcased the history of Manteo as the location of the failed Roanoke Colony by staging the first showing of "The Lost Colony" at the specially-built Waterside Theatre. In 1936, Green was approached by W. O. Saunders, editor and publisher of The Daily Independent from Elizabeth City, N.C. Saunders was inspired by the Passion Play of Oberammergau, Germany, to create an outdoor drama for North Carolina, and he wanted Green to be the show's playwright. Because 1937 marked the 350th anniversary of the birth of the first English child in North America, the lost Roanoke colony into which she was born provided a fitting subject for the production.
Like the play at Oberammergau, The Lost Colony took the effort of the entire community, as well as a few federal agencies, to make Manteo ready to stage the outdoor drama. The sponsors of the play partnered with the Works Progress Administration, the Civilian Conservation Corps, the Federal Theatre, the North Carolina Historical Association, the Roanoke Island Historical Association, and the Carolina Playmakers to stage the show. Those organizations provided actors, stage management, and building labor to complete the Waterside Theatre and amphitheater seating for the audience.
The Lost Colony opened to a crowd of 2000 on its first night, despite the difficult drive required to get to Roanoke Island. An early review had only positive things to say about the production value; the acting by Federal Theatre actors, Carolina Playmakers, and local residents; and singing by the Westminster Choir of Princeton, New Jersey.
A later review by the Roanoke Rapids Herald gave less favorable reviews for the accommodations provided for the audience. They noted that the town was not prepared with restaurants to feed the thousands of people who were coming to the town for the play, that the outdoor seating was uncomfortable to use for the two-hour runtime, and that parking conditions trapped attendees long after the play had finished. Despite those complaints, that review still noted the excellence of the show itself and the impressions it had made on the reviewer.
The play continued to bring large crowds to Manteo throughout the summer, the largest of which formed when President Roosevelt visited Roanoke Island to celebrate the birth of Virginia Dare. The crowd so overwhelmed the town that the hotels in Manteo and Nags Head were completely filled, so residents opened their private homes as guest lodgings.
(L-R) President Franklin D. Roosevelt riding in open car with Governor Clyde Hoey and Congressman Lindsay C. Warren at the entrance to rebuilt Fort Raleigh, Manteo, NC, on or just before August 18, 1937, when he came to see the Lost Colony. From the State Archives of North Carolina, Call Number: ConDev57-314.
Roosevelt's visit brought national attention to "The Lost Colony." By October 1937, locals were calling for the play to become a yearly production and pushing for the area to become a state park instead of "turning the site over to National Park Services." Still, in 1941, nearby Fort Raleigh Historic Site and the Waterside Theater were transferred to the National Park Service.
Today, The Lost Colony still runs every summer at the Waterside Theater—with the notable exceptions of four years during World War II and Summer 2020, when it did not run due to COVID-19.
https://www.ncpedia.org/anchor/paul-greens%C2%A0-lost-colony
https://www.ncpedia.org/fort-raleigh-national-historic-site
Green, Paul, and Laurence G. Avery. 2001. The lost colony: a symphonic drama of American history. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.
Author Carrie HillPosted on November 6, 2020 November 5, 2020 Categories History, NC Historic NewspapersLeave a comment on How 'The Lost Colony' Outdoor Drama Got its Start
Revisiting Sir Harold's Raleigh surprise
The death of Harold Evans, the multipurposing British journalist, brought to mind this Miscellany post from 2012.
Author Lew PowellPosted on September 24, 2020 September 24, 2020 Categories HistoryTags harold evans, jim crow in nc, raleigh ncLeave a comment on Revisiting Sir Harold's Raleigh surprise
Looking Back on Carrie A. Nation's Fight For Prohibition in North Carolina
The nationwide prohibition of alcohol began 100 years ago. But the alcohol temperance movement had been fermenting in North Carolina for quite some time before that.
There were efforts to limit the use of alcohol in North Carolina as far back as the early 1700s, but the temperance movement didn't begin in earnest until the 1800s. Tar Heels organized a temperance convention in 1837.
Such groups as the Order of the Sons of Temperance in North Carolina had their own newspapers, namely the Spirit of the Age. Individual temperance activists also gained national notoriety.
Carrie A. Nation (also spelled "Carry") grew frustrated with the lack of prohibition enforcement in her native Kansas and became famous for taking matters into her own hands. She visited local saloons and used hatchets and rocks to break windows and alcohol bottles. Despite several stints in jail, she continued her attacks on bars, saloons, and taverns.
Nation reportedly covered her legal fees through speaking tours and selling merchandise, including miniature hatchets. Indeed, this is what happened when she visited Asheville in late 1902.
Although she was there to gather funds for a "home for drunkards' wives in Kansas City," she sold hatchets to her audience while she railed against the government "as an agent of the liquor traffic." Because of these stunts, she was a fixture of state and national newspapers. As a member in good standing of the Women's Christian Temperance Union, she was popular among women, as well. On other occasions, she sold her books instead of hatchets.
During the summer of 1907, Nation toured North Carolina, warning crowds of the dangers of alcohol, cigarettes, and more. She drew attention to societal ills and didn't pull punches. When she visited Salisbury on June 29, she decried drinkers and smokers alike, calling Salisbury "a hell hole" with "plenty of poverty, degradation and suffering…"
She also didn't shy away from connecting alcohol consumption and moral decay to national politics. At one point, she said that the United States was in a "state of anarchy," President Theodore Roosevelt was a "beer guzzling Dutchman," and argued that there was no difference between the Republican and Democratic parties. However, she did speak kindly of North Carolina Governor Robert Glenn because of his positive attitude towards temperance.
Despite her harsh words, she drew crowds everywhere she went – from Charlotte to Hickory to Durham to Oxford. Indeed, she was always fodder for newspaper writers, one of whom said she "does not seem to be the noisy, belligerent individual she has been pictured…"
Another said she was a "fanatic" yet "has an attractive face…"
Nation traveled to over half a dozen North Carolina cities during July and August 1907, speaking to delighted crowds of up to 4,000 people.
Her words likely had some effect on the state's residents, because less than a year later, North Carolina voted to pass a state prohibition bill, the first in the country.
Prohibition won by over 44,000 votes, and went into effect on January 1, 1909. As for Carrie A. Nation, she moved to Arkansas and founded a home that she called "Hatchet Hall" before passing away in June 1911.
Nation left a legacy. In the 1930s, to protest the repeal of prohibition, women in Kansas pledged to keep the state alcohol-free using hatchets if necessary. Pearl McCall, a former assistant United States district attorney, urged women to take up hatchets themselves and march on Washington, destroying gambling halls in the process. She said, "what this town needs is a Carry Nation."
Author Spencer BevisPosted on September 15, 2020 October 27, 2020 Categories 07 - July, 08 - August, History, NC Historic Newspapers, This Month in N.C. HistoryLeave a comment on Looking Back on Carrie A. Nation's Fight For Prohibition in North Carolina
Death noted: Bill Scarborough, defender of Confederacy
Lost Cause apologist William Scarborough, whose doctorate and bachelor's degree were from UNC Chapel Hill and whose papers occupy 27 feet of shelf space in the Southern Historical Collection, died May 17 at his home in Hattiesburg, Miss. He was 87.
Here's what I wrote about Scarborough in 2017 after he sprang to the defense of the Confederate iconography embedded in the Mississippi state flag.
Author Lew PowellPosted on May 24, 2020 May 27, 2020 Categories HistoryLeave a comment on Death noted: Bill Scarborough, defender of Confederacy
Sir Walter Raleigh–Illustrator?
Walter Raleigh, a man of many talents and accomplishments, distinguished himself as a soldier, historian, poet, businessman, and politician. As an explorer, he helped set the stage for English colonization of the New World.
He was not, however, renowned for his facility with a paint brush.
Days before the 400th anniversary of his death this October 29, historians discovered a wall painting under layers of peeling paint in the Tower of London's Bloody Tower, where Raleigh was once confined. This loosely painted sketch features a man wearing a laurel wreath. A self-portrait? Historic Royal Palaces staff believe the painting dates to the early seventeenth century, the period in which Raleigh was incarcerated in the Bloody Tower. See https://www.foxnews.com/science/sir-walter-raleighs-self-portrait-may-have-been-discovered-in-the-tower-of-london
In addition to sharing the painting with the public, the Tower has also opened a special "Lost Garden" to commemorate the anniversary of Raleigh's death. This is one of several worldwide remembrances, including one at the North Carolina State Capitol on Saturday, October 27.
To learn more about the multifaceted Raleigh, visit the North Carolina Collection Gallery's newest exhibition, Sir Walter Uncloaked: The Man, the Myths, the Legacy, on view through January 31, 2019.
Author Linda JacobsonPosted on October 26, 2018 Categories Events & exhibits, HistoryLeave a comment on Sir Walter Raleigh–Illustrator?
Old West Hall: A View Changes With Time
It could have been the result of damage from hurricane Florence or tropical storm Michael. Maybe it was just (extreme) old age.
During the week of October 21, UNC Grounds Crew felled one of the most consistently photographed trees on UNC's campus.
Don't worry… the Davie Poplar is fine…
Another tree, not as prominent or easily identified as a landmark on campus as the Davie Poplar, a majestic Post Oak that was a fixture in images of Old West Hall (when photographed from the north side looking to towards South Building), was cut down.
The tree was there when Old West was constructed in 1823 and appears in the first images in the University's possession of the building, dating from the 1880s-1890s.
In 2005 the (UNC) Chancellors Buildings and Ground Committee approved a report from the Task Force on Landscape Heritage & Plant Diversity.
In that report the committee identified and described it as:
"(Heritage Tree #) 74. Quercus stellata (Post Oak) — an impressive specimen."
Close up of page from 2005 UNC report on heritage trees and plant diversity.
A rendering of a tree appears to be in the same location on the north side of Old West in this early engraving by W. Roberts from a drawing by William Momberger of the University campus as it appeared circa 1855 (Old West is right side of illustration).
P0004/0162: Campus view: Engraving by W. Roberts (facsimile), 1855
Circa 1880s-1890s:
P0004/0393: Old West Hall and New West Hall, circa 1880s-1890s; North Carolina Collection Photographic Archive
It was difficult to get a "long-view" of the west face of the building AND include the Old Well…. without capturing "Tree 74" in the image.
Circa 1880s-1890s
P0004/0393: Old West and Gerrard Hall, circa 1880s-1890s; North Carolina Collection Photographic Archive
P0004/0393: Old West, circa 1940s; North Carolina Collection Photographic Archive
On October 23, 2018 this is what remained of "(Heritage Tree #) 74. Quercus stellata (Post Oak) — an impressive specimen."
(Images by Patrick Cullom)
North side of Old West looking east. Stump of Tree 74 is at the far left side of image.
View of stump of Tree 74 (North of Old West).
View of stump of Tree 74 with timeline of approximate age/size of tree indicated. (Timeline is from unverified source)
View of stump of Tree 74 (North side of Old West).
All historical views from University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Image Collection Collection #P0004
Author Patrick CullomPosted on October 25, 2018 Categories History, Tar Heelia, UNC HistoryLeave a comment on Old West Hall: A View Changes With Time


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Z. Spiegel (Mary Sunshine) creates safe spaces for the marginalized and underrepresented so that no one is left behind or even erased. Off-Broadway: The Golden Bride (2016 Drama Desk Nomination). Selected regional credits include: Beauty and the Beast (Muhlenberg Summer Music Theatre, Arizona Broadway Theatre, Pagosa Springs Center for the Arts), Chicago (Potsdam Music Theatre and Ivoryton Playhouse), Les Misérables (Pennsylvania Shakespeare Festival), Junior Claus (Little Theatre on the Square), and The Pirates of Penzance (Bristol Riverside Theatre). Proud Resident Casting Director of the Musical Theatre Factory in NYC. Many thanks to Peter Mensky, Ron Hutchins, and the entire cast and creative team at The Rep. For the LGBTQ+ community, who are the bravest and most inspiring people I know. Love to Mom, Dad, Mel, and Steph.


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This is the third release from Mad Buffalo (aka: Randy Riviere, an award winning wildlife biologist, environmentalist and conservationist.) The music reflects his heartfelt concern for the planet and all creatures great and small, and does it with a sound that is reminiscent of sixties sounds like Crosby, Stills, Nash and Young mixed with a little down home Southern Rock, Marshall Tucker Band style. In fact, the guitar lead on the opening cut, "Ohio," has Toy Caldwell written all over it.
Riviere carries on the tradition of the cosmic cowboy with passion, following in the steps of Gram Parsons,Neil Young and Steve Earle. The lyrics are though provoking and brilliant.
Wilderness features a pretty hefty list of guest pickers, including guitar legend James Burton, harmonica player Mickey Raphael (Willie Nelson), Producer Marty Grebb on multiple instruments, and James Pennebaker on steel guitar - to name a few.
This is a CD that begs to be heard over and over again. In fact, I have played it five times over the Holidays, so far. Lots of Neil Young influence, in a lower vocal register, but absolutely 100 percent original. In a five star rating system, this one gets six stars. Six stars beside a full harvest moon hanging over a bison filled prairie. Mad Buffalo made me a "Happy Buffalo." Good stuff.


text:
Preview: Jeju United vs Pohang Steelers
Branko Belan August 09, 2018 read ( words)
Jeju United host Pohang Steelers on Saturday evening on the island desperately looking to turn their season around, coming into the match on a six game winless string. Pohang, meanwhile, have won three matches since the league resumed in July, and now find themselves back in the hunt for a spot in the Championship round. Both teams are equal on points in the table, so it will be a pivotal match for both clubs. KLU's Branko Belan and Ross Davis sat down to share their expectations ahead of the encounter.
Match: Jeju United vs Pohang Steelers
Venue: Jeju World Cup Stadium
Kickoff: Saturday August 11th, 2018; 19:00 KST
FC Seoul 3-0 Jeju United
Jeju's current disastrous run got a lot worse last weekend when they crashed to a 3-0 defeat away to FC Seoul. The hosts were the quicker team out of the blocks and caused Jeju's back line a wealth of problems with balls over the top into the box, but they could not find a goal. Jeju would pick up their play midway through as Tiago was able to get in behind the Seoul defence, but lacked the finishing ability to put the visitors in front. The match would turn when Kweon Han-jin scored into his own net, deflecting a low cross from the left past Lee Chang-keun. The islanders would continue to press for an equalizer before the half, but the home side went into the break up one.
Jeju could have drawn level only a minute into the second half when Magno and Tiago combined in the final third, but Tiago was in too close on Yang Han-been to manage a significant effort, as the 'keeper comfortably pulled the ball into his grasp. The breakthrough would come for Seoul in the 52nd minute thanks to a turnover which promptly sent the hosts on the counter down the right. Another low ball was played into the area and found its way to new signing Bojan Matic, who comfortably slotted the ball home to double the advantage.
Jeju could have pulled one back in the 65th minute when Magno released Tiago down the left side, but the tall Brazilian's effort from just outside the box fizzed over the bar. Seoul would go down to ten men five minutes later when Matic landed an elbow to the face of Park Jin-po. After a VAR review, the Serbian was shown a direct red. The man advantage did not serve Jeju well, as they too went down to ten with minutes to play when Kim Won-il raked Go Yo-han to the face in an aerial duel and was served with his second yellow card of the match.
The Seoul skipper would exact a measure of revenge in injury time as the home side struck on the counter. He turned Oh Ban-suk before getting a shot on goal, and while Lee made the initial save, Sin Jin-ho was on the doorstep to mop up the rebound and seal a comprehensive victory for the side from the nation's capital, and could prove important down the stretch if they are to get back into the conversation for continental football next season.
Incheon United 1-2 Pohang Steelers
Pohang went on the road to Incheon and came away with a last gasp victory with a goal in the third minute of injury time to give the Steelers their third win since league play resumed in July. It was Incheon who enjoyed the bulk of the possession and chances in the first twenty-five minutes, and Moon Seon-min could have put them in front from in close, but Kang Hyun-moo was able to parry the effort without difficulty. Moon then headed the rebound across goal, but it was cleared off the line. Moon and Stefan Mugosa combined on the counter just before halftime, but Moon's effort floated wide of the far post, and the sides went to the break goalless.
Pohang came out the stronger in the second half and controlled much of the play for long stretches in the early going, but could not manage to get a shot on target. They could have gone behind in the 77th minute, but luckily, Kang Sang-woo's deflection in the direction of his own goal finished wide of the post. Kang was then called on to make the save of the match only minutes later when he denied Mugosa's header from point blank range. That would spur the Steelers to press forward in an attempt to grab the lead, which they would do in the 86th minute, when Lee Sang-ki was played into space after Lee Keun-ho hustled to keep the attack alive, and his low shot deflected off the foot of Kim Dong-min and into the net, sending the traveling fans into a frenzy.
Incheon would not bow out easily, as they found an equalizer only a minute from time through Kwabena Appiah, who was unmarked in the box and slotted the ball home from inside the six yard box to draw the hosts level. It would not be a share of the spoils, however, as Kim Gwang-seok rose above the defence and latched on to Lee Kwang-hyuk's cross to head home the winner.
The two teams met earlier this season with Jeju coming away with victory by a single goal on the road in a midweek fixture in the final week of April. Pohang dominated for long stretches in the match, but Oh Ban-suk would score the only goal of the match just after the hour mark, when he headed home from a cross to give the visitors what would turn out to be a big three points, and which started Jeju's run up the table before the World Cup break stemmed their progress.
Going back to last season, Jeju have won three in a row in this head-to-head, but Pohang still has a slight overall edge between the two sides, having won thirteen times to Jeju's eleven, while five matches have ended all square at the final whistle.
While Jeju have struggled in the league quite badly of late, they did exact revenge on FC Seoul in the FA Cup in midweek, as they advanced to the quarterfinals of the competition courtesy of an injury time strike from Tiago. Their overall performance, however, still left a lot to be desired, and patience is starting to wear thin as production up front continues to be a problem. The tandem of Magno and Tiago finally seems to be finding some footing, and that could be cause for concern for Pohang's men at the back.
Kim Won-il will not be available for selection for Jeju due to his double yellow card performance against Seoul last weekend, so there is a very good possibility that Cho Yong-hyeong will step in to fill the void. Kweon Han-jin has been shaky at the back lately for the islanders, so his selection to the first team for Saturday evening may also be up in the air.
For Pohang, according to Ross Davis, the Steelers will also be short some of their regulars, but do have one man returning to the fold. Ahead of this weekend's game, Pohang will be without leading scorer Leo Gamalho, who is still sidelined. Also on the mend is summer signing and fellow Brazilian right-back come striker Teixeira. Returning to the side is another man from Pohang's favorite South American country, defender Alemao, who served a suspension last week.
Horribly inconsistent Pohang find themselves back in the top six, albeit only in sixth position. Their inconsistent nature has created a perfectly symmetrical home record of four wins, three draws, and four losses and an away record of four wins, two draws, and four losses, so a draw seems a likely result, and is certainly one that the Steelers would be happy with given how tight the league is from fourth to ninth. Add to that the fact that the team has only put two back-to-back wins together all season and it seems unlikely that Pohang will be coming away from the island with all three points.
In terms of the starting lineup, Choi Soon-Ho generally rotates the front three, but with no midweek game, on account of being knocked out of the FA Cup, it will be interesting to see if the coach sticks with the front three that were part of Pohang's victory last weekend in Incheon, despite none of them getting on the scoreline.
That would mean a second start for Kim Ji-min who was recently signed from the National League, and who looked the part for the 60 minutes he played, although he did miss a gilt-edged header from six yards out. He was not alone in that category though, as the East Coast side, as often is the case, created numerous opportunities but were quite wasteful in front of goal. All season, the side has really struggled for goals this term and are currently the league's fourth lowest scoring team. Their defence isn't exactly watertight, either, and they do ship on average a goal a game.
(by: Ross Davis)
Both teams have been prone to stretches of inconsistency this season, and both have been suffering in the goals department lately. Jeju's earlier win in the campaign does not mean much at the moment, and it will most likely be a tight match with little to choose between the two clubs.
Jeju will likely field a strong lineup, and may have a slight advantage with Gamalho out for Pohang, but if they are to come away with the result they so desperately need from the match, they have to be more clinical up front. Advancing to the quarterfinals of the FA Cup could provide a dose of confidence, but the league itself is a much different competition,
Prediction (from both writers): Jeju United 1-1 Pohang Steelers
Branko Belan
TAGS Jeju K League 1 Pohang Steelers

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


I had never tasted such a silky egg that looked as if it was raw in form, but was very obviously cooked from the white coloured egg-whites. Combined with a delicate dashi soya sauce, it was pure indulgence.
After a bit of googling, I learned that eggs were traditionally cooked in Japan's warm hot spring waters and hence it's name 'hot spring eggs'. The eggs are cooked whole in their shells, and thanks to the gentle heat of the warm water, it slowly poaches inside the shell.
It's important to mention that an onsen tamago is not the same as a soft boiled egg (check this guide on how long to boil an egg) as the texture is completely different. I've since made onsen tamago at home many times, and it's really easy. Just be careful to time it right once it's sitting in the hot water and you're good to go.
The dashi soya I used can be bought in any Japanese grocery stores, mine was from Japan Centre in London.
4. When 14 minutes is up, take the eggs out and run under a cold tap so that the shells are no longer warm.
If you try this recipe at home, I'd love to hear if you enjoyed it or not!
I really want to make this....got a few more months to wait!!! Not brought the ready made stock before need to give it a try. I am just making a mini shop list for japan center on sat! Thanks for sharing looks simple enough for me to follow and I love your photos.


text:
Great Rock Posters
Times of Shows
MON 9:00 pm to midnight
TUE 2:00 am to 4:00 am
9:00 pm to midnight
WED 9:00 pm to midnight
THUR 2:00 am to 4:00 am
FRI 9:00 pm to midnight
SAT 9:00 pm to 7:00 am
SUN 12 noon to 3:00 pm
9:00 pm to 7:00 am
What is classic rock ? What does it mean ?
Well, having lived as a teenager through the sixties and getting married and starting a family in the seventies, all this whilst enjoying a very active life in and around music.
During the sixties, in England, I watched as blues, rock and roll, Detroit central all seemed to give way to the emerging British Blues. Many of the bands who were hailed as progressive during the late sixties and early seventies started out imitating some of the blues greats. Thinking of Rolling Stones and Led Zeppelin etc. The trend was quickly changing. It seemed that bands and top artists in Britain and soon to follow in the US, were separating into two distinct groups. Pop groups and artists on one side and bluesy type rock on the other. As the US had country, soul and always blues, rock bands took a little longer to be known.
Initially these rock bands and artists were called AOR as they leaned toward Album Only Rock, but the bands preferred the term progressive as they believed they were creating something new , which of course they were.
So, the dictionary definition of the word " classic " is " judged over a period of time to be of the highest quality and outstanding of its kind.? " A radio station disc jockey in Texas coined the phrase " classic Rock " not certain what the record was though. This is something that is not bluesy, not pop, not jazzy, not mainstream as very few singles are released. It's definitely rock, it all has a similar beat, heartbreaking lyrics, bursting guitars, drum solos, bass guitars now heard and everyone is dressing the same !
Yes folks, the sixties and the seventies were the years of classic rock. The punk scene and squabbling and break ups of bands tended to bring about the decline at the end of the seventies. But, and this is a big but ! The song or track must be very good, if not excellent to be called " classic ".
Some bands and artists who started later than this period have come up with classic tracks, thinking of Guns and Roses, Nirvana, Def Leppard and a few more. Of course we are still lucky to have many bands from the seventies still with us and still producing great music.
Terence Bridge.
O - R
S - V
W - Z
Allman Bros Band
Atomic Rooster
Big Brother & the Holding Co
Blood Sweat and Tears
Chicken Shack
CSNY
Derek and the Dominoes
Emerson Lake and Palmer
Frank Zappa & The Mothers Of Invention
Golden Earring
J Geils Band
Jimi Hendrix Experience
Joan Jett & The Blackhearts
Julie Driscoll
Kevin Ayres
Manfred Mann's Earthband
Moby Grape
Procol Harem
Quicksilver Messenger Service
REO Speedwagon
Rory Gallagher
Spencer Davis Group
Ten Year After
The Nice
The Yardbirds
Youngbloods
The Heavy Rock Show
The Heavy Metal Show
The Folk Rock Show
The Soft Rock Show
The Modern Rock Show.
Comment on my choice of bands ?
Terence J Bridge
Douliana Villas
Korfes Neighbourhood
Douliana
Apokoronas
Chania 73007
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Description "28 [age] ; Black [race] ; Brickmaker ; Louisiana [place of birth]."
Source Includes data from the 1870 Census Population Schedules, Hempstead Post Office, Austin County, Series: M593, Roll: 1574, p. 262 (stamped), p. 3 (handwritten), entry 17.
Artisan or Artist Freeman, Jacob.


I guess we've all been in the situation: You see a phone number of someone or a business offering a service, and you want to send them a message on WhatsApp, but at the same time you don't want to save the contact of the person. Yeah, it happens.
Today we'll learn just how to do this. No need to save any number you really don't want to save.
I've been there before. I've ended up saving a lot of phone numbers just to say hi or ask of the person. I end up having lots of phone numbers I'll probably never have to contact them again. So here comes a solution.
I used this app just today to contact 2 people without having to save their phone numbers, and boy is it awesome! ?
So here's the app. It's called Open in WhatsApp. You can download on Google Play here.
Simply copy or enter the phone number you want to text into the app's phone number field. You have to use the international format. So for example, if the number is a Ghanaian number, you'll prefix it with +233. Hence if the number is 0265957357, you'll enter: +233256957357. Easy as that.
Easy huh? After entering the number, the app will automatically launch your WhatsApp app, and then perform a quick search using the WhatsApp public API, and then boom, you can initiate a chat with that number (provided they are on WhatsApp). Done.
So that's it. Enjoy. Comment below if you want an alternative for iPhones too. Cheers.