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Artists in 60 Seconds: Johannes Vermeer
Humanities › Visual Arts
Johannes Vermeer (Dutch, 1632-1675). Study of a Young Woman, probably ca. 1665-67. Oil on canvas. 17 1/2 x 15 3/4 in. (44.5 x 40 cm). Gift of Mr. and Mrs. Charles Wrightsman, in memory of Theodore Rousseau Jr., 1979 (1979.396.1). The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York
by Shelley Esaak
Movement, Style, School or Type of Art:
Dutch Baroque
Date and Place of Birth:
October 31, 1632, Delft, Netherlands
This was, at least, the date on which Vermeer was baptized. There is no record of his actual date of birth, though we assume it was close to the above. Vermeer's parents were Protestant Reformed, a Calvinist denomination that held infant baptism as a sacrament. (Vermeer himself is thought to have converted to Roman Catholicism when he married.)
Life:
Perhaps appropriately, given the scant factual documentation about this artist, any discussion of Vermeer must begin with confusion over his "real" name. It's known that he went by his birth name, Johannes van der Meer, shortened it to Jan Vermeer later in life and was given the third moniker of Jan Vermeer van Delft (presumably to distinguish him from an unrelated family of "Jan Vermeers" who painted in Amsterdam). These days, the artist's name is correctly referenced as Johannes Vermeer.
We also know when he was married and buried, and civic records from Delft indicate the dates Vermeer was admitted to the painters guild and took out loans. Other records tell that, after his early death, his widow filed for bankruptcy and support for their eight minor (the youngest of eleven, total) children. As Vermeer did not enjoy fame - or even a widespread reputation as an artist - during his lifetime, everything else written about him is (at best) an educated guess.
Vermeer's early work concentrated on history paintings but, around 1656, he moved into the genre paintings he would produce for the rest of his career. The man seems to have painted with painstaking slowness, dissecting a whole color spectrum out of "white" light, executing near-perfect optical precision and reproducing the most minute details. This may have translated to "fussy" from another artist, but with Vermeer it all served to highlight the personality of the piece's central figure(s).
Possibly the most amazing thing about this immensely famous artist is that hardly anyone knew he had lived, let alone painted, for centuries after his death. Vermeer wasn't "discovered" until 1866, when the French art critic and historian, Théophile Thoré, published a monograph about him. In the years since, Vermeer's authenticated output has been variously numbered at between 35 and 40 pieces, although people hopefully search for more now that they are known to be both rare and valuable.
Important Works:
Diana and her Companions, 1655-56
Procuress, 1656
Girl Asleep at a Table, ca. 1657
Officer with a Laughing Girl, ca. 1655-60
The Music Lesson, 1662-65
Girl with a Pearl Earring, ca. 1665-66
Allegory of the Art of Painting, ca. 1666-67
Date and Place of Death:
December 16, 1675, Delft, Netherlands
As with his baptismal record, this is the date upon which Vermeer was buried. You'd want to assume his burial was very near to his date of death, though.
How To Pronounce "Vermeer":
vur·mear
Quotes From Johannes Vermeer:
No, sorry. We have nothing from this man of mystery. We can only imagine what he might have said. (One guess, with eleven children in the house, would be the occasional plea for quiet.)
Arasse, Daniel; Grabar, Terry (trans.). Vermeer: Faith in Painting.
Princeton : Princeton University Press, 1994.
Baker, Christopher. "Vermeer, Jan [Johannes Vermeer]"
The Oxford Companion to Western Art. Ed. Hugh Brigstocke. Oxford University Press, 2001.
Grove Art Online. Oxford University Press, 6 November 2005.
Franits, Wayne. "Vermeer, Johannes [Jan]"
Read a review of Grove Art Online.
Montias, John M. Artists and Artisans in Delft, a Socio-Economic Study of the Seventeenth Century.
Snow, Edward A. A Study of Vermeer.
Berkeley : University of California Press, 1994 (revised ed.).
Wheelock, Arthur K.; Broos, Ben. Johannes Vermeer.
New Haven : Yale University Press, 1995.
Wolf, Bryan Jay. Vermeer and the Invention of Seeing.
Chicago : University of Chicago Press, 2001.
Videos Worth Watching
Dutch Masters: Vermeer (2000)
Girl With a Pearl Earring (2004)
Vermeer: Master of Light (2001)
Vermeer: Light, Love and Silence (2001)
See more resources on Johannes Vermeer.
Go to Artist Profiles: Names beginning with "V" or Artist Profiles: Main Index
Cecilia Beaux Bio - American Portrait Painter
How to Understand Performance Art
Artists in 60 Seconds: Maurice de Vlaminck
Life and Work of Ad Reinhardt, Abstract Expressionist Painter
Jacob Lawrence Biography
A Fascinating Chronological Timeline of Artist Paul Gauguin's Life
Life and Work of Impressionist Painter Alfred Sisley
Why Did Artists Paint Skulls in a Still Life?
Life and Work of Piet Mondrian, Dutch Abstract Painter
A List of the Best Movies About Painter Vincent van Gogh
Northern Renaissance of European Art
Top 12 Greatest Visual Artists of all Time
Women Artists of the 16th Century: Renaissance/Baroque
The Significance of Renaissance Architecture
Historical Romance and Women - Memoirs of a Geisha
17th Century Women Artists: Renaissance and Baroque


could burst in 2018. Many people asked me afterward: If I'm so skeptical about the space, why am I invested in it? Let me clarify. I'm someone who always calculates the potential upsides and downsides, and I think many people take unnecessary risks: They either invest too much or too little because they don't do proper analysis. So I want to highlight five reasons why 2018 might be the best ever year for cryptocurrencies and why I'm heavily invested in them.
Bitcoin (BTC) is the most important cryptocurrency. Most government-backed money that goes in and out of crypto goes through bitcoin, so what happens to the original cryptocurrency affects the entire market. The token's market dominance stood at about 40 percent as of Wednesday. By my estimates, however, it's clear bitcoin's market dominance should return to 75 percent of the entire space. I actually see a 150 percent potential upside in bitcoin for 2018.
Why? Well, BTC is still dominant. It has the biggest user base and the biggest industry. Still, it faces a challenge in scaling up for wider use. Bitcoin now can't handle more than six or seven (or, with the "Segregated Witness" protocol upgrade, it's 12 to 14) transactions a second. Compare that with credit cards, which involve thousands of transactions per second, so the criticism about bitcoin's ability to be useful at larger scales is understandable.
What is the solution? It is the so-called second-layer peer-to-peer off-chain networks. To cite an example, look at the Lightning Network. Created by Blockstream, the Lightning Network allows for transactions off the blockchain, thereby decreasing the transaction costs almost to zero and increasing the speed and scalability almost infinitely. And it's just getting started. As you can see from this map, more and more nodes as well as channels are being established. It is growing exponentially. In the coming months, we will see a sharp uptick in transactions and the use of more bitcoin in these channels. What's more, the Lightning Network doesn't have any fee. In other words, second-layer networks solve the problems bitcoin faces — scalability and lack of liquidity. That could be a key reason why bitcoin surges this year.
At the end of 2017, I foresaw that bitcoin would drop as low as $5,000 — but it could potentially climb to as high as $60,000. Lightning Network will have a big impact on the potential upside. There are also other second-layer projects like Rootstock that would allow computations similar to those of ethereum (a blockchain-based computing platform that supports another cryptocurrency named ether) to be done through bitcoin. Exciting projects such as those could cause a significant spike in BTC. I would dare say in the realm of 60 to 70 percent with the potential upside of 100 percent — and maybe even more.
Like last year, initial coin offerings (ICOs) will impact the ethereum network because ICOs usually require plenty of ether. That will buttress the demand for the platform's digital coin. More legitimate ICOs will lead to greater interest in ether as we are already seeing with the billion-dollar ICO of messaging app provider Telegram and that of Kodak. That means we could see a rise in the market cap of ethereum to $200 billion by the end of the year from less than $90 billion on Wednesday. The cryptocurrency's price could possibly double to $2,000. Though other platforms could see similar gains, I believe ethereum will be the main focus.
Many believe regulations hurt markets, but that is a short-sighted perspective. In the long run, companies require rules for the sake of legal stability and certainty. Regulation gives users and institutional clients the confidence to invest. We saw something similar when Japan started regulating bitcoin. The market dropped initially, but it rose eventually. Ditto in Australia. Other countries could follow the same rule book — I think we are going to see something like that with South Korea and probably many others — but the market's fate will be no different than after what played out in Japan and Australia.
There are several start-ups like my own that offer debit cards to help people spend their cryptocurrency holdings. That means the number of users and merchants is set to increase sharply in 2018. This would burnish the reputation of cryptocurrencies, with more and more companies trusting them. The firms that execute well this year will stand out and create a survivorship bias — where a few companies thrive and others fail, but people focus on the winners and ignore the losers. Most start-ups bomb, but the spectacular successes of companies such as Facebook and Airbnb help mask those failures. Likewise, the success stories of a few entities in the cryptocurrency space will overshadow the negative news of several going bankrupt.
The last reason why 2018 will be a stellar year for cryptocurrencies is that this will be the first year of solid institutional money flowing into the ecosystem. It is estimated that $10 billion to $12 billion has so far flown into the crypto ecosystem, but that's nothing compared to what institutional funds could invest. Since those first funds propped up the market to around $500 billion, the next $10 billion to $12 billion, which is peanuts for some funds, could double the market cap this year.
To sum up, the likelihood of all five factors happening is not 100 percent. But I still see a probability of 70 to 75 percent. And each one of them might grow the market's overall size 50 to 100 percent — maybe even 200 percent. If you combine those factors, the market's upside potential could rise to up to seven or eight times the present levels. While this might not be as much of a multiple as what we saw in 2017, it is much higher in absolute terms. That could make 2018 the most successful year in crypto ever. Additionally, the growth might not be based so much on hype or hope as it would be on solid foundations. That being said, the reader should not see this piece as investment advice, and should definitely read my discussion of potential risks. When you dismiss real risks as fear, uncertainty and doubt (FUD), you could be blindsided.
that would allow citizens to pay their tax obligations in bitcoin, marking the second legislative effort of its kind to emerge this year. Public records show that the measure submitted on Feb. 21 by senators Michael Williams and Joshua McKoon would, if passed, tweak the rules governing the state's Department of Revenue, letting it accept both bitcoin and other as-yet-to-be-defined cryptocurrencies.
"The commissioner shall accept as valid payment for taxes and license fees any cryptocurrency, including but not limited to bitcoin, that uses an electronic peer-to-peer system," the bill states. The proposed law largely tracks with another bill that is currently moving through the Arizona legislature. That measure, filed in January, has thus far attracted support by lawmakers in the state, setting up the possibility that Arizona could become the first U.S. state to accept bitcoin for tax payments. Like Arizona's bill, the one submitted in Georgia also mandates that tax officials convert those payments into U.S. dollars within a day of receiving them.
"The commissioner shall convert payments made in cryptocurrency to United States dollars at the prevailing rate within 24 hours of his or her receipt of such a payment and shall credit the payor's account with such converted dollar amount," it explains. Despite the encouraging signs out of Arizona, there's no guarantee that the measure in Georgia will succeed given past opposition to such proposals in other states. As CoinDesk previously reported, a New Hampshire lawmaker advanced a bill that would allow cryptocurrency payments, but the state's House of Representatives ultimately shot it down in a January 2016 vote.
you may consider hiring an agency. Whether you need a new website, want to rank higher in Google or need content to guide your users through the sales funnel, you'll be faced with the question: Do I hire a project-based agency or an agency on retainer? It's easy to settle for a quick fix for your marketing efforts. Need a new website? Hire someone to create it. Need higher SEO rankings? Hire an agency to build links and directory entries. Need to revamp your branding? Hire a graphic design studio. But every time you hire a new agency, you're playing the guessing game of whether or not they'll understand your business's culture needs. There's a lot of information to cover in a few short meetings.
An agency you hire for one specific project, covering a fairly short period of time.
An agency you pay monthly to continuously work on your marketing strategy. Contracts are typically six months or longer. As an agency owner that's handled both project-based and client retainers, I've coined the term "abandonment marketing." Abandonment marketing is when an agency only solves one of your marketing problems and doesn't look at your overall marketing strategy, then leaves you hanging in the wind. If you're looking for a growth strategy that considers your business as a whole and its improvement over time, you may want to consider going on retainer for an agency. Your marketing strategy should continuously push your business to reach its full potential.
Here are reasons project-based marketing will never help your company reach its full potential.
The agency doesn't understand your branding and marketing needs.
Agencies on retainer will work with you for years. There's no need to brief them every time you update your marketing strategy or start a new project. They understand your buyer personas, industry, competitors, problems you've had in the past, your brand's voice and more. Every time you hire a new agency for a project, you have to play catchup and hope you don't forget anything, which often results in them missing the mark.
The agency doesn't meet the needs of your company as a whole.
Sometimes what you think you need isn't what you really need. If you're working with an agency on retainer, they become your marketing strategist and consultant. They advise you on making smart marketing decisions that help your business where it needs it most. For example, you may be ready to start video marketing. But if you don't have a social media presence, you may need to focus on that first. An agency you hire for a video project won't tell you that, though. They often won't review any parts of your business except for your videos.
The agency doesn't make continuous improvements to your marketing strategy or keep up with industry trends.
This is probably the biggest problem with project-based agencies. You only get them for a few months maximum. And although your website may be up-to-date now, what about in a few years? You have to hire an agency again to make changes, which can get pretty expensive. If you have an agency on retainer, they'll continuously analyze marketing trends and make tailored improvements to your strategy. This not only saves you money but ensures your company remains relevant (not just when you have the time and money to start a new project).
The agency doesn't create a healthy marketing lifestyle, just a quick fix.
Want your marketing efforts to produce long-term results? A project runs the risk of a short-term fix with the potential to require more work in the long run. Think of it like dieting. You see all the advertisements boasting that this new pill will help you lose 20 pounds. That may be true, but you haven't solved the root of the problem. UCLA found that dieters will lose 5% to 10% of their starting weight and one- to two-thirds of people will gain it right back, plus some. Nutritionists recommend skipping quick fixes and working on creating a healthy lifestyle instead. If you want lasting marketing results, you need a healthy marketing lifestyle, not a quick fix.
The agency's strategy doesn't allow for experimentation and optimization.
Every business is unique and has different needs. If you're working with a project agency and aren't getting the results you want, they have no obligation to stick around and help you improve your strategy. Agencies on retainer will continuously optimize your marketing strategies with A/B testing and experimentation. What works for other businesses may not work for yours. So, it's important to monitor your ROI and create a marketing strategy that perfectly fits your business's needs. Agencies should be prepared to partner with you for life — not a quick fix, but a long-term growth strategist.
is hoping to offer a win-win for holidaymakers and hoteliers. Concierge.io claims its NEO-based system would eradicate commission fees for vendors, while also allowing them to interact directly with customers.
The company's goal of cutting out middlemen comes amid an intensifying battle between hotels and third-party booking websites. Reuters recently reported that accommodation providers are aggressively offering incentives to guests who don't go through intermediaries. This fight has been rumbling on for years. In 2015, one disgruntled hotelier told the Daily Mail that a booking website had "taken over his business"- with commission rates for big players such as Booking.com and Late Rooms ranging between 15 and 25 percent. Others, such as Airbnb, charge fees to both vendors and guests. According to Concierge.io, these fees are being passed on to customers "more often than not" and eliminating them altogether would bring the cost of a hotel stay down considerably.
These benefits could extend beyond the bank balance. Concierge.io argues its system will offer safety through an AI-based dispute system, meaning any discrepancies in booking or issues with poor customer service can be resolved without leaving the marketplace. The company's goal of transparency could also prove advantageous for vendors and customers alike – especially when it comes down to the perennial issue of reviews.
At present, hard-working businesses can see demand diminish because of malicious and untruthful reviews, while the public has a tough time distinguishing between fake and real testimonials. In December, a Vice journalist exposed flaws in TripAdvisor's system by using fabricated reviews to transform a fictitious restaurant into London's top-rated eatery on the booking website. Concierge.io's thinking is that Blockchain brings "transparency and honesty to the review system," meaning vendors cannot pay for manipulated feedback and only genuine customers can leave remarks.
The second and third quarters of 2018 will see Concierge.io's beta application and web platform released, with promotions designed to develop partnerships with major hotels and resorts. An initial launch in Australia and southeast Asia is planned for the end of the year, with expansion into Europe and the Americas expected in 2019. As for the future, taxi bookings and car rentals could become available through the system if the market demands it. All eyes now are on the sale of CGE tokens. The platform says a whitelist sale of 10 mln tokens sold out within three hours, while a pre-sale offer for a further 10 mln was snapped up within four-and-a-half hours. The main sale for the remaining 45 mln is penciled in for March 31.
founded by a team of 3D technology experts in 2013, is going to launch a Blockchain-based platform for creators and buyers of 3D content. The project has already raised $4.9 mln from its investors in total. Today Cappasity is cooperating with Intel and Nvidia and has launched their platform in China with the help of Alibaba to provide 3D product imaging solutions for around 750 mln users.
Although the idea of putting augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR) startups on the Blockchain platform is not surprising for the crypto community, the question of monetization of AR and VR tools, apps and platforms is still the most intriguing one. The Cappasity team suggests a business model of a 3D objects marketplace that reveals some interesting findings. Firstly, a user may create a 3D model of a real object with Cappasity's 3D scanning system, (which is already represented on the company's website). Earlier, the project launched its free 3D digitizing software Easy 3D Scan, which allows users to create 3D models and works with any camera.
Secondly, users will be able to sell or lease the 3D object to other members of the platform, creating a virtual economy ecosystem. According to the project's business model, a content creator will get up to 85-95 percent from every deal that he or she makes on the Cappasity platform. The rest will be held by the platform as a fee.
"3D technologies enable businesses to tangibly increase sales. Considering the luxury segment, when retailers implement a 3D demonstration of goods on their websites, it raises revenues by 30 or even 40 percent," said Kosta Popov, Founder and CEO of Cappasity, in an interview to Coinspeaker. According to Popov, this phenomenon happens because online customers receive more information about goods and therefore it becomes easier for them to make purchasing decisions. For example, 3D pictures can show additional information such as the quality of materials.
According to a report by Goldman Sachs, the software AR/VR market will achieve $35 bln in revenue by 2025 with 60 percent of VR/AR software revenue driven by the consumer. However, it is not even necessary to wait for 2025 to realize that 3D solutions are impacting the world right now. In November 2017, Cappasity announced its collaboration with NVIDIA. The startup has started working on the special version of Easy 3D Scan(R) software that will rely on NVIDIA's toolkit, leveraging its latest graphic cards.
Cappasity has successfully raised $2.4 mln from angel investors since 2014 and launched its platform and 3D digitizing software in 2017. In the first phase, the company sold 295 mln Cappasity Tokens (CAPP), raising over $2.5 mln in capital from the sale of the cryptocurrency. On Feb. 22, 2018, the project starts its second phase of crowdsale. The token sale hard cap is $20 mln: $10 mln allocated for private token sale and $10 mln for token sale. Cappasity is also planning to perform an airdrop.
from left, Echo, Echo Plus, and Fire TV devices sit on display during the company's product reveal launch event in downtown Seattle, Washington, U.S., on Wednesday, Sept. 27, 2017. Amazon unveiled a smaller, cheaper version of its popular Alexa-powered Echo speaker that the e-commerce giant said has better sound. Photographer: Daniel Berman/Bloomberg.Voice is the new OS! AI is going to transform everything in business, including marketing! Customer experiences will never be the same thanks to augmented reality! Data is the new oil!
I'm sure you've heard statements like these recently, and probably at an accelerating pace. The business world, including marketing, has become obsessed with all manner of new technologies, most of which have some basis in artificial intelligence. This obsession is, I believe, a healthy one–provided the marketer's intrigue is handled in an appropriate, systematic and value-focused manner. If not, Shiny New Toy Syndrome (SNTS) is going to play out and result in a high potential for wasted time and money. How do marketers, then, approach new AI-based marketing technologies and avoid succumbing to the so-called SNTS?
Over the last year I've been thinking about this a lot because it is a really important aspect of a company's approach to today's (and tomorrow's!) tech-focused marketing landscape. I've talked to CMOs and CDOs from leading companies as part of the Oxford Future of Marketing Initiative, listened to and worked with participants (all senior executives) on the Oxford Strategic Marketing Program, an immersive week-long focus on all things new in marketing, and studied companies' successes and failures with implementing new marketing-related technologies. I've come to the conclusion that a systematic, well-thought-through approach is absolutely essential. This is all the more important when senior marketing leaders are finding themselves being asked by their CEOs, and in some cases their customers, to put new tech before anything else by doing things like developing an AR or VR app, launching an Alexa skill, or even building voice assistants such as Alexa or Google Home directly into their products.
Will this marketing technology project be relevant to one or more of our existing customer segments?
What are the benefits to our customers? What are the associated costs and risks?
I've written before here on Forbes.com about remembering that our fundamental responsibility as marketers is to create value for customers. This is the pathway to sustainable, long-term business growth, in my opinion. So it makes sense to see any new tech project through the customer value lens. For example, does introducing an AR app for trying different hair styles and colors, as the world's largest beauty company, L'Oréal, recently did, deliver more value to their customers? If it changes the core customer experience for the better, then great. If it adds a new touchpoint or set of touchpoints that customers will deem relevant and appreciate, fantastic. But if it is just tech for the sake of it without any direct connection to improving things from the customer perspective, then think twice about it.
Would testing or experimenting with this new tech teach us anything that could be useful later on? Is this worth investing in now (vs. waiting)?
Imagine what you're going to get before you jump in. For example, what new data streams will created and how might they better inform people inside your organization about meaningful things? Will this teach your people new things, or give them the motivation and opportunity to learn new things that are going to be useful? Think through these aspects, as it is often the case that a new tech project is going to be valuable internally from largely a learning standpoint. And then it is also worth deciding if now is the right time. Maybe waiting a bit (e.g., while new tech platforms' bugs are ironed out) isn't necessarily a bad thing. And perhaps you can learn vicariously by watching other companies jump in first–as long as it doesn't give them a major new competitive advantage over you, of course.
Do we have the internal capability or sufficient external partner/supplier networks do pull this off?
Seems straightforward to ask, but it is worth thinking about at this stage instead of deciding to go ahead and then figuring out how to implement. Ideally there will be some internal capability in place, but invariably external partners will be needed for particularly new things. The external route can be smart, as they have transferable expertise and learnings, and they in some sense can take on some of the risk.
How do we determine success or failure?
What do we do after the initial test project phase?
Marketing leaders must be in the driver's seat when it comes to considering new tech projects in their organizations. Putting humans–customers, predominantly–first and technology second can be hard when there's increasing pressures from inside and outside the organization to do new things with tech. And new tech is cool and exciting! But to avoid distractions and to ensure that some value is being created, a careful systematic approach is useful. These six lines of questioning should be helpful to the marketing leader who is embracing tech in a thoughtful manner.
Nicolas Maduro said on Twitter that Venezuela's petro token raised more than 4.777 billion Chinese yuan, or $735 million.
Each unit of the petro is pegged to the price of one barrel of Venezuelan oil, according to Caracas.
A number of skeptics have raised concern about the country's cryptocurrency ambitions.
raised $735 million in the first day of its pre-sale Wednesday, President Nicolas Maduro has claimed. The Venezuelan president said on Twitter that the petro token raised more than 4.777 billion Chinese yuan, or $735 million, and that the state-backed virtual currency "reaffirms our economic sovereignty."
Caracas said that each unit of the petro is pegged to the price of one barrel of Venezuelan oil. The country's cryptocurrency regulator has said it hopes the petro will draw investment from Qatar, Turkey and other Middle Eastern countries, as well as from European nations and the U.S. But a number of skeptics have raised concern about the country's cryptocurrency ambitions, with some citing Venezuela's debt problems and the possibility of asset manipulation as cause for doubt.
Venezuela is currently facing hyperinflation, the collapse of its currency, the bolivar, and shortages in food and other basic necessities due to price controls. Maduro has said that the petro will serve as a means for Venezuela to circumvent Western sanctions. Both the European Union and the United States have imposed economic sanctions on Caracas over their opposition to its autocratic government.
Tesla's Amazon Web Services (AWS) cloud account was compromised by hackers and used for cryptocurrency mining, RedLock said.
Other major firms, including Aviva and Gemalto, were affected by similar problems.
This incident marks another case of what is known in the cryptocurrency world as "cryptojacking."
Tesla said that it did not see any initial impact on customer data protection or the safety and security of its vehicles.
who used it to mine cryptocurrency, according to researchers. Hackers were able to infiltrate the automaker's Kubernetes administration console because it was not password protected, cybersecurity firm RedLock said Tuesday. Kubernetes is a Google-designed system aimed at optimizing cloud applications.
This left access credentials for Tesla's Amazon Web Services (AWS) account exposed, and hackers deployed cryptocurrency mining software called Stratum to mine cryptocurrency using the cloud's computing power. Cryptocurrency mining is a process whereby so-called miners solve complex mathematical problems to validate a transaction and add it to the underlying network. RedLock did not specify which cryptocurrency was mined in the cyber breach.
Other major firms, including British insurer Aviva and Dutch SIM-maker Gemalto, were affected by similar problems, RedLock said. But the incident affecting Tesla's cloud system was more sophisticated, and used a number of different strategies to hide the hackers from being detected. RedLock said that it notified Tesla of the cyber exposure and that it was swiftly rectified. Tesla said that it did not see any initial impact on customer data protection or the safety and security of its vehicles.
"We maintain a bug bounty program to encourage this type of research, and we addressed this vulnerability within hours of learning about it," a spokesperson for Tesla said in an emailed statement. "The impact seems to be limited to internally-used engineering test cars only, and our initial investigation found no indication that customer privacy or vehicle safety or security was compromised in any way." RedLock CTO Gaurav Kumar said businesses should monitor suspicious cyber activities to avoid being compromised. "The message from this research is loud and clear — the unmistakable potential of cloud environments is seriously compromised by sophisticated hackers identifying easy-to-exploit vulnerabilities," Kumar said in a statement Tuesday.
"In our analysis, cloud service providers such as Amazon, Microsoft and Google are trying to do their part, and none of the major breaches in 2017 was caused by their negligence." He added: "However, security is a shared responsibility. Organizations of every stripe are fundamentally obliged to monitor their infrastructures for risky configurations, anomalous user activities, suspicious network traffic, and host vulnerabilities. Without that, anything the providers do will never be enough."
This incident marks another case of what is known in the cryptocurrency world as "cryptojacking." Cryptojacking is a process whereby hackers deploy software that exploits a computer's CPU (central processing unit) to mine cryptocurrency. Earlier this month, it was revealed that hackers had deployed an altered version of the popular plugin Browsealoud to a number of government websites in the U.K., the U.S. and Australia. This version of Browsealoud infected the government websites with Coinhive code, which is used to generate units of privacy-focused cryptocurrency monero. U.S. online news outlet Salon is even asking visitors to its site who use ad blocking plugins if it can use their computing power to mine monero instead.
two years ago. She's the author of two bestsellers on the topic, the creator of an online course and the founder of a content agency – Express Writers.Today, her agency is about to hit $1M in yearly income for the first time. McCoy's position in the industry means she talks to hundreds of clients, peers, and content marketers on a regular basis online. One problem she sees over and over: the issue of executive buy-in for content marketing. Executives will drop $7,000 in a week on Facebook ads but still fail to see why they should pay $1,000 for content marketing. Why is that?
McCoy recently sat down to take a look at industry benchmarks, comparing them with her own success with content marketing. Her goal was to create a formula that any agency or in-house member can take to their boss to predict the return on investment for content marketing. McCoy has seen firsthand the success of using organic content marketing. Her agency is 99% fueled by this strategy (comprising new client leads and 99% of sales to date) and she's hit over $4 million in total sales, across seven years. Here's the formula and underlying benchmarks McCoy outlined, ready to take to any boss to convince them of the ROI of content marketing.
McCoy calls the formula for figuring out the ROI of content the "content marketing trifecta."This is because, at its core, content marketing is about driving targeted traffic to a website, converting that traffic into high-quality leads (targeted, "ideal" clients ready to buy) and converting those leads into sales.
To figure out the ROI from these conversions, McCoy determined a few benchmark numbers to use.
There are two basic questions when approaching a content marketing ROI formula based on conversions.
What's the average rate that traffic converts to high-quality leads?
What's the average rate that those leads convert to sales?
McCoy looked at solid data to get the answers.
First, she looked at Marketing Sherpa's research about conversion rates on organic traffic. This study found the average conversion rate for traffic-to-leads across industries is 16%. Next, for the leads-to-sales conversion, McCoy honed in on the fact that SEO-generated leads close at an average rate of 14%, while outbound leads have a 2% close rate. These benchmarks (16% for the average traffic-to-leads conversion rate; 14% for the average leads-to-sales conversion rate) provide the base of the content marketing trifecta formula.
A business with a monthly traffic average of 1,000 could expect an ROI of 160 leads per month and 22.4 sales per month if they start using content marketing.
Does the formula hold up in real life?
Finally, McCoy compared the estimated number of sales to the actual sales in January for EW.
The actual sales were 57 short of the estimated number. McCoy was able to account for the discrepancy due to her agency's shifted focus to only serving clients who are a good fit for EW's services. As a result, the average order value went up to $416, a record high for the agency. With this factor taken into account along with the estimates, the formula holds up well.
The ROI of content marketing is easier to quantify with concrete figures. When executives can see the financial gain that is possible, they'll be far more likely to get on board. McCoy's content marketing trifecta formula is an easy tool that will help inspire the buy-in that most marketers need to get the go-ahead.
in the green, reaching its highest level since Jan. 28.The torrid start to the year for crypto investors is slowly abating, with bitcoin BTCUSD, +3.20% rising to an intraday high of $11,645.12, according to news and research site CoinDesk. The recovery has bitcoin on track to record its sixth daily gain in the last seven sessions.Elsewhere, it's a mixed bag for other major cryptocurrencies.
Litecoin rose sharply, trading to $244.22, up 9.5% on the day, ether, is up 0.4% at $947.02, bitcoin cash is down 0.7% at $1525.69 and Ripple is off 0.3% at $1.14. Ethereum founder Vitalik Buterin grabbed headlines over the weekend when he warned investors that cryptocurrencies shouldn't be viewed as a ticket to early retirement and that they "could drop to zero." In the tweet, the Russian-born programmer added that, "If you're trying to figure out where to store your life savings, traditional assets are still your safest bet." On the futures front, the March Cboe Global Markets XBTH8, +13.42% contract is up 14.7% at $11,580, while on the CME Group Inc. BTCG8, +14.32% the February contract is higher by 15.5% at $11,575.
through their warnings, the central banks have stooped down to funding anti-crypto campaigns. This move will only reduce the confidence in the central banks and encourage new investors to enter the crypto world.
At the same time, the Venezuelan government is planning to launch a new cryptocurrency called the petro. Each new coin will supposedly be backed by one barrel of oil. However, there is a big question on the central bank's credibility that is issuing the petro. Analysts believe that the petro is most likely to end up not bringing the expected results. On the other hand, Bitcoin continues to attract big-ticket investments. After the recent fall, there are reports of a trader buying about $400 million worth of Bitcoin between Feb. 09 to Feb. 12. People are gradually turning positive on Bitcoin once again. Shark Tank's Robert Herjavec believes that Bitcoin will top its 2017 mid-December high of about $20,000 in the short-term.
Traders who follow us are carrying long positions that triggered on Feb. 15. We had recommended booking 50 percent profits at the 50-day SMA, and most traders should have sold when Bitcoin rallied to an intraday high of $11,348.99, yesterday, Feb.18. We had also recommended trailing the remaining positions with a suitable stop loss. As every trader has a different trading strategy, we did not provide any specific trailing stop loss.
The BTC/USD pair is trading inside an ascending channel. As long as it trades above the support line of the channel, it can reach $12,000 levels. In case of a fall, the support line of the ascending channel and the 20-day EMA will be acting as strong support. If these two levels break, the price might fall to $8,400. Therefore, traders who are still left with 50 percent positions should keep the stop loss at $9,800. We did not recommend closing the complete position because Bitcoin will become positive once it sustains above the descending channel.
Ethereum rallied close to the 50-day SMA yesterday, Feb. 18, reaching an intraday high of $979, close to our target objective of $1,000. Hope traders would have book profits on 50% positions. For the past four days, the ETH/USD pair has been taking support at $900 levels. Therefore, we recommend raising the stop loss on the remaining position from $775 to $900. The target objective is a move to the resistance line of the descending channel. If the bulls succeed in breaking out of the channel, a move to $1,200 is likely. On the other hand, if the bears break down below $900, there might be a fall to $780 levels.
Our target objective on Bitcoin Cash was a rally to the 50-day SMA, close to $1,800 levels, however, yesterday, Feb.18, it turned down from $1,639.251 levels. Our initial stop loss was placed at $1,100. We want to raise this stop loss to $1,400 because if most cryptocurrencies turn down from their resistances, the BCH/USD pair might follow suit. So let's not lose money on it. On the upside, please book partial profits above $1,750 and hold the rest with a trailing stop loss for a target objective of $2,000.
Contrary to our expectation, Ripple continues to trade in a tight range. It has not participated in the pullback like the other top cryptocurrencies. The only consolation is that it is sustaining above the 20-day EMA for the past four days. We had suggested an initial stop loss of $0.86, but we should raise this stop higher because if the top currencies turn down, the XRP/USD pair will also fall sharply. Please raise the stops on the complete position to $0.95. If the tight range resolves on the upside, please book profits on 50 percent position at $1.45. Trail the remaining position for a second target objective of $1.74.
Stellar also has been stuck in a tight range for the past four days. It is trading close to our suggested buy levels of $0.45. We anticipate a move to the upper end of the range at $0.63. But for that, the XLM/USD pair will have to break out of the 50-day SMA. On the downside, supports lie at the 20-day EMA, the horizontal line at $0.41, and the channel line at $0.38. For now, please maintain the stop loss at $0.30 on a daily closing basis (as per UTC). We need to consider raising it in a couple of days.
In our previous analysis, we had recommended to book profits on 50 percent positions at $240, and Litecoin reached an intraday high of $239.5 on Feb. 16. We hope that the traders would have sold half of their positions established at $180. For the past four days, the LTC/USD pair has been trading in a range of about $208 to $240. A breakout of this range will be a positive move, and we anticipate a rally to $270 and then to $307. Our stop loss is currently at breakeven. We want to reduce our risk and pocket some of the paper profits. That's why we should raise the stops on the remaining 50 percent long positions to $200.
We have been bearish on Cardano for the past few days because it has broken down of the bearish descending triangle pattern. Though a pullback to the breakdown levels of 0.00004070 is possible, the cryptocurrency remains negative as long as it trades below the downtrend line of the descending triangle. The ADA/BTC pair is likely to slide to the next support level of 0.0000246. Our bearish view will be invalidated if the digital currency breaks out of the downtrend line, because a failure of a bearish pattern is a bullish sign.
As NEO is trading inside a descending triangle pattern, we had recommended a quick trade with a long at $121 and a target objective of a rally to the downtrend line of the descending triangle pattern. The NEO/USD pair reached our target objective on Feb. 17, reaching a high of $138.35, where the traders must have closed their positions. An attempt by the bears to sink the cryptocurrency failed Feb. 18. It is currently trying to break out of the downtrend line of the descending triangle, which will invalidate the bearish pattern. If the bulls sustain the breakout, we might see a rally to $169. On the downside, the moving averages and the horizontal line at $120.33 might act as strong support.
As expected, EOS turned down from the downtrend line yesterday, Feb. 18. The 20-day EMA is at $9.76, and the 50-day SMA is at $10.8. We believe that the bulls will face stiff resistance in the zone of $9.76 to $10.8. Therefore, traders can initiate long positions above $11, if the EOS/USD pair sustains the level for four hours. The target objective on the upside is a rally to $15 levels. The stop loss can be placed at $8.8.


text:
Tabs make it easy to switch between different views.

### Examples

::: demo
<summary>
  #### Basic
  * Three styles,`boxed` `toggle` and default
  * Setting content by `slot`
</summary>

```html
<div class="columns">
  <div class="column">
    <tabs>
      <tab-item label="Pictures">Pictures Tab</tab-item>
      <tab-item label="Music">Music Tab</tab-item>
      <tab-item label="Videos">Video Tab</tab-item>
      <tab-item label="Documents">Document Tab2</tab-item>
    </tabs>
  </div>

  <div class="column">
    <tabs type="boxed">
      <tab-item label="Pictures">Pictures Tab</tab-item>
      <tab-item label="Music">Music Tab</tab-item>
      <tab-item label="Videos">Video Tab</tab-item>
      <tab-item label="Documents">Document Tab2</tab-item>
    </tabs>
  </div>
</div>

<div class="columns">
  <div class="column">
    <tabs type="toggle">
      <tab-item label="Pictures">Pictures Tab</tab-item>
      <tab-item label="Music">Music Tab</tab-item>
      <tab-item label="Videos">Video Tab</tab-item>
      <tab-item label="Documents">Document Tab2</tab-item>
    </tabs>
  </div>
</div>
```
:::

### Styles and Icon

::: demo
<summary>
  #### styles
  * The tab can be set to take up the whole width
  * There are 3 sizes of tab: `small` `large` and default
  * `alignment`: `right` `left` `centered`
</summary>

```html
<div class="columns">
  <div class="column">
    <tabs type="toggle" :is-full-width="true">
      <tab-item label="Pictures" icon="image">Pictures Tab</tab-item>
      <tab-item label="Music" icon="music">Music Tab</tab-item>
      <tab-item label="Videos" icon="film">Video Tab</tab-item>
      <tab-item label="Documents" icon="file-text-o">Document Tab2</tab-item>
    </tabs>
  </div>
</div>
<hr>
<div class="columns">
  <div class="column">
    <tabs size="small">
      <tab-item label="Pictures">Pictures Tab</tab-item>
      <tab-item label="Music">Music Tab</tab-item>
      <tab-item label="Videos">Video Tab</tab-item>
      <tab-item label="Documents">Document Tab2</tab-item>
    </tabs>
  </div>
  <div class="column">
    <tabs alignment="centered">
      <tab-item label="Pictures">Pictures Tab</tab-item>
      <tab-item label="Music">Music Tab</tab-item>
      <tab-item label="Videos">Video Tab</tab-item>
      <tab-item label="Documents">Document Tab2</tab-item>
    </tabs>
  </div>
</div>

```
:::

### Layout

::: demo
<summary>
  #### layout
  * Position of tabs,accepted value: `left / right / bottom / top`
</summary>

```html
<div class="columns">
  <div class="column">
    <tabs layout="left">
      <tab-item label="Pictures">Pictures Tab</tab-item>
      <tab-item label="Music">Music Tab</tab-item>
      <tab-item label="Videos">Video Tab</tab-item>
      <tab-item label="Documents">Document Tab2</tab-item>
    </tabs>
  </div>

  <div class="column">
    <tabs layout="right">
      <tab-item label="Pictures">Pictures Tab</tab-item>
      <tab-item label="Music">Music Tab</tab-item>
      <tab-item label="Videos">Video Tab</tab-item>
      <tab-item label="Document">Document Tab2</tab-item>
    </tabs>
  </div>
</div>
<hr>
<div class="columns">
  <div class="column">
    <tabs layout="bottom">
      <tab-item label="Pictures">Pictures Tab</tab-item>
      <tab-item label="Music">Music Tab</tab-item>
      <tab-item label="Videos">Video Tab</tab-item>
      <tab-item label="Documents">Document Tab2</tab-item>
    </tabs>
  </div>
</div>

```
:::

### Active,Disabled and Callback

::: demo
<summary>
  #### advanced
  * Sets default actived tabItem's key by `active-index`
  * TabItem can be disabled
  * Sets callback when tab is clicked by `on-tab-click`
</summary>

```html
<div class="columns">
  <div class="column">
    <tabs :active-index="2">
      <tab-item label="Pictures">Pictures Tab</tab-item>
      <tab-item label="Music">Music Tab</tab-item>
      <tab-item label="Videos">Video Tab</tab-item>
      <tab-item label="Documents">Document Tab2</tab-item>
    </tabs>
  </div>

  <div class="column">
    <tabs>
      <tab-item label="Pictures">Pictures Tab</tab-item>
      <tab-item label="Music" disabled>Music Tab</tab-item>
      <tab-item label="Videos">Video Tab</tab-item>
      <tab-item label="Document">Document Tab2</tab-item>
    </tabs>
  </div>
</div>
<hr>
<div class="columns">
  <div class="column">
    <tabs :on-tab-click="tabCallback">
      <tab-item label="Pictures">Pictures Tab</tab-item>
      <tab-item label="Music">Music Tab</tab-item>
      <tab-item label="Videos">Video Tab</tab-item>
      <tab-item label="Documents">Document Tab2</tab-item>
    </tabs>
  </div>
</div>

```
:::

### API

#### Tabs

| Properties        | Description           | Type        | Default       |
|------------|----------------|--------------------|--------------|
| type | different style of tab,accepted value: `boxed / toggle` and default  | String | - |
| is-full-width  | whether the tab takes up the whole width (100%)  | Boolean | false    |
| layout | Position of tabs,accepted value: `left / right / bottom / top`  | String | top |
| size | size of tab,accepted value: `small / large` | String | - |
| alignment | alignment accepted value:`left / right` | String | left   |
| active-index | default actived tabItem's key(count from 0)  | Number | 0   |
| on-tab-click | Callback when tab is switched	  | Function | -   |

#### TabItem

| Properties        | Description           | Type        | Default       |
|------------|----------------|--------------------|--------------|
| icon | icon of tab item  | String | - |
| label  | title of tab item  | String(`required`) | -  |

<script>
export default {
  methods: {
    tabCallback(index) {
      this.$notify.info({
        content: `opening index: ${index + 1} `,
      });
    },
  },
};
</script>

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


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Picture clues are excellent for younger kids, especially if they cannot read yet. Sure, your idea might seem easy, but should you jump straight in and start carving the image you've got in your head, you will quickly realize that it would be simpler if you had the pattern already drawn out. It's a great idea to acquaint yourself be a respectable aromatherapy supplier, especially if you're considering going into business. It's also a great idea to take a look at the firm's reviews. There's an awareness of immediate accomplishment as soon as the words are mastered. It's simply no doubting the reality that every set of audience aren't alike, they have various needs, requirements and totally different difficulties.
Such a practice can help to keep the acid-alkaline balance of the human body, and caters to the vitamin and mineral requirements of the human body. Coaching includes not just personal coaching but in addition focuses on assisting you to raise your life skill. Unfortunately these sort of skills aren't taught in schools or colleges, Life coaching skill is able to help you increase the life abilities. Life coaching skills can allow you to boost your life abilities. Enchanted Learning makes learning fun and a lot of children will delight in the worksheets and Halloween activities found on the website. This activity is about colors and sizes. There are many activities to keep children busy crafting and even educational writing ideas for those who love to craft their very own spooky stories.
The school takes the help of a caterer to supply snacks and lunch too. It is located in Porvorim at a distance from the main commercial area. Locating the school might be a small hassle. So, once you are concentrating on the youth then you truly will need to develop into an identified face, which means that you have to concentrate more on this domain. Keep in mind, you're delivering to the youth, thus you have to be entertaining in combination with the potential of passing the mandatory information.
Kids feel like they are always the audience. There are a number of ways to encourage and help your kid to learn about shapes. Children will need to learn the names of shapes so they can identify them verbally and in writing and compare the many shapes and the way they're used. Admittedly, probably only smallish kids and toddlers can be scared by means of a jack-`o-lantern if you don't have a phobia involving pumpkins. In a couple of cases both parents are deployed at exactly the same time.
The collage style offers you a leniency if you create a mistake. Drawing shapes is the precursor to learning how to write, and an excellent set of worksheets should take you step-by-step by means of this process until your son or daughter is drawing shapes by themselves, totally free hand. Drawing shapes is also the very first step in figuring out how to draw. When it's actually feasible to earn a pumpkin carving pattern scary enough to frighten others, then these upcoming few patterns are where to commence. It's a timeless Halloween motif that's extremely easy to carve.


text:
Providence Equity Partners Takes on the (Digital) World
Posted in Work — Jan 13, 2015
Providence Equity Partners is a leading global alternative investment firm that manages funds with over $40 billion in commitments via growing teams in Providence, New York, London, Hong Kong, Beijing and New Delhi.
While their down-to-earth Providence headquarters anchors a unique identity differentiated from peers in New York or Boston, their track record, size, and reputation enable them to compete on the same world-class playing field.
To showcase this reputation, Providence partnered with FINE to enhance their identity and to create a polished, fully responsive digital environment that stands out among the competition.
The new site serves as primary touchpoint for investors and portfolio company executives looking to begin business relationships and to discuss potential investment opportunities. It's intuitive and specifically architected for its audience, allowing visitors to easily navigate from credit and private equity resources to the inspiring portfolio and team who make it all happen.
Bold imagery of Providence cities and classic type are layered and paired to reflect an intellectual and collegial culture. The five-column grid on the team page draws users in and allows them to see more content and imagery. Spacing and alignment were a focus in design, creating consistency and uniformity. The dynamic backend of the site simplifies content updates to stay up-to-date in a competitive and fast-paced industry.
Filtering functionality on the news, team, and portfolio pages respects users time and needs by allowing them to find what they need quickly, and while on the go, with seamless transition from desktop to tablet to mobile.
As part of an industry that runs on expectations, the new Providence site sets the stage for them to continue meeting and exceeding them from its local roots to its global presence.
Financial Services Websites
Building Brands on the Strength of 10,000 Immortal Victories
Own Your Awesome, Not Just Your Own Color
Stop Making Websites That Party Like It's 1999
367 clients in 9 sectors over 3 decades.
Count 'Em

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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text:
ADL: Anti-Israel campus activity rising after Gaza conflict
By JTA
Published: NOVEMBER 28, 2012 05:53
More than 100 anti-Israel demonstrations have been held in the United States in the wake of Operation Pillar of Defense, with more than one-third on college campuses, according to the Anti-Defamation League.
The campus demonstrations have included extreme rhetoric, including messages supporting "resistance," comparisons of Israelis to Nazis and accusations that the Jewish state is trying to perpetrate "another Holocaust" in Gaza, the ADL said in a statement on Tuesday.
During the campus demonstrations and on social media, some students and professors openly expressed support for the Palestinian terrorist group Hamas, which controls Gaza, and for terrorism targeting Israeli civilians, according to the ADL.
In addition to the demonstrations, anti-Israel student groups are renewing calls for divestment from Israel in light of Israel's operation in Gaza.
Many of the protests were organized by Students for Justice in Palestine.
"Anti-Israel student groups will likely seek to capitalize on the momentum surrounding the Gaza conflict by pushing with renewed intensity their anti-Israel tactics and campaigns," ADL National Director Abraham Foxman said.


How does chiropractic heal an injury?
The adjustment does not heal the patient. Neither does it relieve symptoms. The healing is done by the patient's own body, by its own immune system. What the adjustment does do is remove interference to normal nerve function. Normal performance of the patient's nervous system is vital to the body's ability to self-heal. The adjustment restores the normal activity of the nervous system affected by the vertebral subluxation.
Medical research is being done today to better understand this self-healing process. The science of neuro-immunology explores the ability of the body to combat and to conquer disease. It is now recognized that, had self-healing not existed, mankind would not have survived through the centuries. A simple example of self-healing is the ability of the body to mend a broken bone after it has been set. Interference to the nervous system by an atlas subluxation retards and/or prevents the ability of the body to heal itself. For this reason, regardless of the nature of the disease process — whether the common cold or cancer — the patient kept free of neurological interference will benefit, even in conjunction with other treatment.
Yes and no. Symptoms are merely signals from the body that indicate change. Not the problem, the signal. However, what causes symptoms for one person will not cause symptoms for another. Unfortunately, vertebral subluxation will produce imbalance in the body structure long before symptoms occur in most cases. Relief of symptoms, therefore, is a secondary effect of the adjustment. First, there must be a re-setting of the misaligned or subluxated vertebrae, and a period of time that the vertebrae hold their normal positions until the healing process is complete.
Moreover, symptoms are variables in that they are not really indicative of the patient's true state of health. Many factors influence how a patient feels: stress, fatigue, weather conditions, state of mind, etc. Therefore, adjustments cannot be predicated on how the patient feels at any given time. "I feel bad" or "I feel good" is not a sufficient reason to adjust or not to adjust. The only safe and reliable method is to check the patient for the presence or absence of neurological interference and postural distortion. If no evidence of imbalance is detected, no adjustment is rendered.
Following the first adjustment, either immediately or within a few hours, the patient may experience a warming sensation or a tingling sensation in an arm, leg, lower back, or in the chest or abdomen. This response is observed to occur in patients with health problems in these areas. Reactions are attributed to an increase in the activity of the sensory or input nerves. Impressions to the brain are increased by the adjustment and the patient may be made more aware of his/her health problem. This phenomenon occurs only in cases where the subluxation is interfering with the sensory nerves by blocking off sensory information to the brain.
Occasionally, a patient may briefly experience an increase in his or her symptoms after the first adjustment. Again, the reason is the removal of the blocking of the sensory system, permitting increased sensation to the brain. Patients will not experience this phenomenon from healthy areas of the body. A full feedback by way of the sensory nervous system seems needed in self-healing.


text:
Los números de Wratten son un sistema de etiquetado para filtros ópticos, generalmente para uso fotográfico, que comprende un número seguido a veces de una letra. El número denota el color del filtro, pero es arbitrario y no codifica ninguna información (los 80A-80D son azules, los siguientes filtros en orden numérico, 81A-81EF, son anaranjados); las letras casi siempre aumentan a medida que aumenta la intensidad (la excepción es 2A, 2B, 2C, 2E).

Llevan el nombre del fundador de la primera empresa de fotografía, el inventor británico Frederick Wratten. Wratten y su socio C.E.K. Mees vendieron su compañía a Eastman Kodak en 1912, y Kodak comenzó a fabricar los filtros Wratten. Permanecen en producción, y son vendidos bajo licencia a través de la corporación Tiffen.

Los filtros de Wratten son muy utilizados en la astronomía observacional por los astrónomos aficionados. Los filtros de color para la observación visual hechos por la OSG, Baader, Lumicon, u otras compañías son en realidad filtros Wratten montados en roscas para filtro estándar de  en (32 mm) o 2 pulgadas (nominal, 48 mm real). Para las imágenes se utilizan filtros de interferencia. Los filtros Wratten también se utilizan en la fotomicrografía.

Los filtros fabricados por diversos fabricantes pueden identificarse por los números de Wratten, pero no coinciden exactamente con la definición espectral de ese número. Esto es especialmente cierto en el caso de los filtros utilizados por razones estéticas (en contraposición a las técnicas). Por ejemplo, un filtro cálido 81B es un filtro utilizado para hacer ligeramente más "cálidos"  los colores de una foto en color, haciendo que la escena sea un poco menos azul y más roja. Muchos fabricantes hacen filtros etiquetados como 81B con curvas de transmisión que son similares, pero no idénticas, a las del Kodak Wratten 81B. Esto depende de la idea que tiene cada fabricante sobre que funciona mejor para hacer más cálida una escena, y dependiendo de sus técnicas de fabricación. Algunos fabricantes utilizan sus propias designaciones para evitar esta confusión, por ejemplo, Singh-Ray tiene un filtro de cálido que designan como A-13, que no es un número Wratten. Los filtros que se utilizan cuando se requieren características especificadas con precisión y repetibles, por ejemplo, para la separación de colores en la prensa y en los trabajos científicos, utilizan sistemas de codificación más normalizados y rigurosos.

Algunos filtros están listados en tablas de filtros Wratten con códigos que no siguen el esquema de números de letras, por ejemplo, K2, G, X0, FL-W; CC-50Y.

En la fotografía digital, en la que la temperatura del color se puede ajustar y las correcciones de color se pueden realizar fácilmente en la cámara (mediante el firmware) o en el software, la necesidad de filtros de color casi ha desaparecido. Por lo tanto, se ha vuelto difícil encontrar filtros Wratten en las tiendas de fotografía.

Tabla de referencia
Los números comúnmente disponibles y algunos de sus usos incluyen:

Véase también
 Factor de filtro
 Filtro fotográfico
 Filtro óptico

Referencias

Enlaces externos
  – Da las curvas de transmisión espectral gráficas de todos los filtros Wratten disponibles en la fecha de publicación.
  – Recopilación detallada de información numérica sobre la transmisión espectral de los filtros Wratten, reproducida en el 90º Manual de la Convención sobre los Derechos del Niño.

Óptica
Equipamiento fotográfico

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
EU may freeze customs union talks with Turkey over East Med drilling, Bloomberg reports
TAGS: Turkey, EU, Energy, Cyprus
European Union governments will reiterate their condemnation of Turkey's "continued illegal actions in the Eastern Mediterranean," according to a draft communique to be issued Tuesday, Bloomberg reports.
According to the same document, EU governments will point out that Turkey's EU membership negotiations have come to a halt, while adding that "no further work toward the modernization of the EU-Turkey customs union is foreseen."
Greek Foreign Minister Giorgos Katrougalos was in Brussels Monday to attend the Foreign Affairs Council where he is expected to hold a series of meetings with his European counterparts.
On Sunday, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan said Ankara would not back down from energy exploration around Cyprus, despite calls from southern European leaders.
"We continue and will continue to search in those areas that are ours," Erdogan said.
"Someone has given an order. They will apparently arrest our boats' personnel. You will come off badly if you do so," the Turkish strongman warned.
His comments came after Nicosia issued arrest warrants against companies, company executives and crew who are involved in the operations of the Fatih in the island's EEZ without the explicit or implicit consent of the government of the Republic of Cyprus.


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The top three occupations in the Printing & related support activities Industry Group are Printing press operators; Miscellaneous production workers, including semiconductor processors; and Miscellaneous managers. On average, full-time employees in the Printing & related support activities Industry Group work 42.9 hours per week and have an average annual salary of $48,660. Part-time employees in the same industry work 23 hours and earn an average annual salary of $19,420.
The locations with the highest concentration of employees in the Printing & related support activities Industry Group are Mankato City PUMA, MN; Waukesha County (Central) PUMA, WI; and Elizabethtown Borough PUMA, PA. The industry that purchases the most products or services from the Printing & related support activities Industry Group is Publishing industries, except internet (includes software).
A snapshot of jobs, wages, and opportunities in the Printing & related support activities Industry Group. Printing press operators are the most common position, but the Printing & related support activities Industry Group employs a relatively high number of Print binding & finishing workers, compared to other industries. The highest average salary in Printing & related support activities goes to Chief executives & legislators.
The number of people employed in the Printing & related support activities Industry Group has been declining at a rate of 0.28%, from 546,187 people in 2015 to 544,669 people in 2016.
This graphic shows the share of Printing & related support activities employment by various occupations. Printing press operators represent the largest share of positions held in Printing & related support activities at 24%, followed by Miscellaneous production workers, including semiconductor processors with 6.84% and Miscellaneous managers with 6.75%.
The most common occupations in the Printing & related support activities Industry Group, by number of employees, are Printing press operators; Miscellaneous production workers, including semiconductor processors; and Miscellaneous managers.
Compared to other Industry Groups, Printing & related support activities employs an unusually high number of Print binding & finishing workers; Printing press operators; and Prepress technicians & workers.
The highest paid occupations in Printing & related support activities, by average wage, are Chief executives & legislators; Architectural & engineering managers; and Mechanical engineers.
On average, employees in the Printing & related support activities Industry Group make $45,895 per year. This number makes Printing & related support activities the 161st highest paying Industry Group in the United States out of a total of 266 Industry Groups.
This map shows which public use microdata areas (PUMAs) pay the highest average salary to employees in the Printing & related support activities Industry Group.
Printing & related support activities has a wage GINI of 0.39, which is lower than the national average of 0.485. In other words, wages are distributed more evenly in Printing & related support activities (shown in red) in comparison to the national average for those wage buckets (shown in gray).
This map shows the PUMAs in the United States that have revealed comparative advantage in the Printing & related support activities Industry Group.
These are locations that employ more people in the Printing & related support activities Industry Group than expected given both the size of that location's overall labor pool and the national size of the Printing & related support activities Industry Group.
Demographic information on the Printing & related support activities Industry Group in the US. Male employees tend to earn more than Female employees, with average respective salaries of $51,004 and $36,645. So too tend to earn more than other races and ethnicities in this industry.
64.4% of workers in the Printing & related support activities Industry Group are Male, making them the more common gender in the workforce. This chart shows the gender breakdown of the Printing & related support activities Industry Group.
On average, Male workers in the Printing & related support activities Industry Group make 1.39 times more than their Female counterparts. This chart shows the gender-based wage disparity in the 5 most common occupations in the Printing & related support activities Industry Group.
On average, White employees in the Printing & related support activities Industry Group earn 1.01 times more than other races and ethnicities. This chart shows the race and ethnicity-based wage disparities in the 5 most common occupations in the Printing & related support activities Industry Group.
Estimates of the sources of the costs and the purchasers of the products in the Printing & related support activities Industry Group. Based on estimates from the Bureau of Economic Analysis, this section indicates the amount of money spent by a specific industry in other industries. Paper products has the highest single input, by dollars, to the Printing & related support activities Industry Group, and the largest industry purchasing services from the Printing & related support activities Industry Group is Publishing industries, except internet (includes software).
The closest comparable data for Printing & related support activities is from Manufacturing.
The closest comparable data for Printing & related support activities is from Printing and related support activities.
The Printing & related support activities Industry Group gets the most input, by its share of the cost of all intermediate inputs, from the Paper products Industry. This visualization does not include labor and capital costs.
The Publishing industries, except internet (includes software) Industry purchases the greatest share of products and services from the Printing & related support activities Industry Group in order to produce other goods and services. Purchases of the Printing & related support activities Industry Group for final consumption by consumers, businesses, or government are not included here.
Growth projections of the Printing & related support activities Industry Group, both by number of employees and output, from the Bureau of Labor and Statistics. The national workforce is projected to grow 0.6% in the next ten years. The Printing & related support activities Industry Group has a lower projected workforce growth at -0.7%. Its projected 10-year growth in output (1.9%) is lower than the projected national growth in output (2.2%). Photographic process workers & processing machine operators is the occupation within Printing & related support activities expected to see the most growth in the next ten years.
The closest comparable data for the Industry Group Printing & related support activities is from the Industry Sector Manufacturing.
This line chart shows the projected 10-year growth in the number of jobs for the Printing & related support activities Industry Group, based on it's parent classification of Manufacturing, which is lower than the national average of 0.6%.
This line chart shows the projected 10-year growth in output of the Printing & related support activities Industry Group, based on it's parent classification of Manufacturing, which is lower than the national average of 2.2%.
Filtered by the occupations employed in the Printing & related support activities Industry Group, here are the 5 occupations with the largest estimated 10-year change in employment across all industries.


text:
Pholidochromis is a genus of ray-finned fishes from the subfamily Pseudochrominae, which is one of four subfamilies in the dottyback family Pseudochromidae. They occur in the western and central Pacific Ocean.

Species
There are two species in the genus:

 Pholidochromis cerasina  A.C. Gill & Tanaka, 2004 (Cherry dottyback)
 Pholidochromis marginatus (Lubbock, 1980) (Margined dottyback)

References

Pseudochrominae
Taxa named by Anthony C. Gill


A Home Office contractor supplying accommodation for asylum seekers has come under fire after reportedly giving migrants brightly coloured wristbands which they must wear at all times.
The wristbands have been handed out to asylum seekers staying at Lynx House in Cardiff so they can claim breakfast, lunch and dinner.
Housing bosses insist the bands are discreet and do not single out residents.
But the move - which comes following a similar controversy in the north of England earlier this week - has been slammed by human rights groups.
The Welsh Refugee Council (WRC) claimed the wristbands echoed the yellow star Jewish people were forced to wear during the time of Nazi Germany.
WRC policy officer Hannah Wharf said: "We have raised the matter many times with the Welsh Government. It harks back to the Nazi regime with people being forced to wear a Star of David and stand out.
"It's absolutely appalling, it is treating people like lesser beings. It is treating them like animals lining up to feed."