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What is Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE)?
Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by symptoms of esophageal dysfunction and increased eosinophils in the esophagus. Eosinophils are a type of white blood cell that is important for fighting parasitic infections. In allergic conditions such as asthma, environmental and food allergies, eosinophils can increase in certain areas of the body and contribute to inflammation. Patients with EoE have an abnormally high level of eosinophils in the esophagus. This contributes to inflammation and changes in the esophagus, which in turn, cause symptoms.
What are the symptoms of EoE in adults and children?
EoE may occur at any age, however symptoms can vary depending on the age of the patient at disease onset. Children with EoE may have vomiting, abdominal pain, heartburn, regurgitation, poor weight gain and poor growth. In adults, common symptoms include difficulty swallowing, food getting stuck and chest pain.
How is EoE diagnosed?
To make an accurate diagnosis of EoE, clinicians use symptoms and biopsy findings together. Biopsies are obtained by a gastroenterologist during endoscopy and sent to a pathologist who can look at the esophageal tissue under the microscope. A value of greater than or equal to 15 eosinophils per high-power microscopic field is required for diagnosis. Before a diagnosis of EoE can be made, other diseases associated with eosinophils in the esophagus must be excluded. In EoE, eosinophils should be only be found in the esophagus and should not be found in other areas of the GI tract (such as the stomach or small intestine).
Will reflux medications help?
Proton-pump inhibitors (PPIs) are a group of medications that help to reduce stomach acid production. Examples of PPIs include Prilosec, Prevacid, Aciphex, Nexium, Protonix, Kapidex, and Dexilant. These drugs are commonly used to treat heartburn, GERD (gastroesophageal reflux disease) and other conditions caused by too much stomach acid. About half of patients with EoE have complete resolution of symptoms and normal biopsies on PPI therapy. Sometimes two doses per day is needed. This is poorly understood and is unrelated to reduction of acid. Other patients may have no improvement or only partial improvement on PPIs. PPIs are thought to be well tolerated and most are available over the counter.
What are the current treatment options for EoE?
Initial treatment options for EoE include proton pump inhibitors, "topical" corticosteroid medications or dietary elimination. For those who do not response to or who cannot take PPI therapy, topical corticosteroids or diet therapy can be considered. Topical steroids for the treatment of EoE involves swallowing small amounts of corticosteroids (asthma medications) to coat the esophagus. This method has fewer side effects than using corticosteroid pills or injections. Sometimes corticosteroids pills may be used for short periods when symptoms are severe, but are not ideal for long term management due to potential side effects. Dietary elimination for the treatment of EoE involves removing food proteins that contribute to the inflammation in EoE. Sometimes, your allergist may suggest combination therapy. The goals of therapy include both improvement in symptoms and normalization of esophageal biopsy.
Topical corticosteroids can be used long term and have fewer side effects than oral corticosteroids. Topical steroids have been studied in EoE and are effective, however there is no FDA approved formulation specific for EoE at the current time. Clinical trials are currently evaluating the safety and effectiveness of specific topical steroids for EoE. Topical corticosteroids that have been used off-label and studied for the treatment of EoE include fluticasone (Flovent) and budesonide. Both medications are currently FDA approved for inhalation for the treatment of asthma. Flovent is an inhaler and the medication can be puffed into the mouth, then swallowed, allowing the medication to coat the esophagus for the treatment of EoE. Budesonide is a nebulizer solution that can be thickened and swallowed for the treatment of EoE. Topical corticosteroid therapy is felt to be safe. Yeast infections of the esophagus have been reported in 5-30% of cases. Long-term safety data of topical corticosteroids and effects on bone density are not yet available but felt to have a low risk of long term side effects.
Dietary elimination can be considered as an initial therapy for the treatment of adults and children with EoE. In most patients, immune system reactions to food proteins contribute to inflammation in EoE. These reactions are complex and allergy blood tests and skin prick tests may not identify all food triggers. In children, elimination of milk, egg, wheat and soy had a 65% success rate.
There are few studies evaluating elimination diets based on allergy testing in adults. Empiric diets of highly allergenic foods have been studied in EoE. A 6-food elimination diet, which involves removing milk, egg, wheat, soy, peanut/tree nut, fish/shellfish is one approach. In a study of 50 adults with EoE adhering to a 6-food elimination diet, 94% of patients had improvement in symptoms and 70% had improvement on esophageal biopsy. During the study, foods were added back to determine true culprit foods. Milk and wheat were the most common food triggers.
A registered dietitian (RD) often works with patients to provide diet education and ensure that nutritional needs are met. It is important to understand the goal of diet therapy is not to remain on highly restricted diets permanently, but rather to add foods back one at a time to determine the actual food triggers of the disease. Although this approach may require additional esophageal biopsies, it allows patients to manage EoE long term without medication. Food elimination may not work for all patients.
What if I do not treat EoE?
If untreated, ongoing esophageal inflammation may lead to further changes and dysfunction of the esophagus. Narrowing of the esophagus, esophageal rings, and stricture formation can progress, which may contribute to difficulty swallowing and food getting stuck. When difficulty swallowing becomes severe, a procedure to dilate or stretch the esophagus may be necessary. There is a strong correlation between delay in diagnosis and esophageal stricture with one study showing that the chances of stricture double every decade EoE is untreated.
What is the role of an allergist/immunologist in the management in EoE?
Many patients with EoE have other allergic disorders such as asthma, allergic rhinitis, sinus problems, eczema, and food allergy. Allergists can treat these disorders and assist with the relationship between EoE and other allergic conditions. Allergists have expertise in food and environmental allergy testing which may be important for treatment of EoE. Allergists can help to individualize treatment plans for EoE and provide education regarding food avoidance if needed.
Review of EoE
Dellon ES. Eosinophilic esophagitis. Gastroenterol Clin North Am. 2013 March ; 42(1): 133–153
Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of EoE
Dellon et al. Updated international consensus diagnostic criteria for eosinophilic esophagitis: Proceedings of the AGREE conference, Gastroenterology (2018), doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2018.07.009.
Dellon ES, Gonsalves N, Hirano I, et al. ACG clinical guideline: Evidenced based approach to the diagnosis and management of esophageal eosinophilia and eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE). Am J Gastroenterol. 2013 May;108:679-92
Swiss Study on risk of stricture formation
Schoephfer AM, Safroneeva E, Bussman C, et al. Delay in diagnosis of eosinophilic esophagitis increases risk for stricture formation in a time-dependent manner. Gastroenterology 2013;145:1230-6.e2.
Empiric Diets in Adults
Gonsalves N, Yang G Y, Doerfler B et al. Elimination diet effectively treats eosinophilic esophagitis in adults; food rein- troduction identifies causative factors. Gastroenterology 2012 (Jun); 142 (7): 1451–9.
Lucendo A J, Arias A, Gonzalez-Cervera J et al. Emperic 6-food elimination diet induced and maintained prolonged remission in patients with adult eosinophilic esophagitis: a pro- spective study on the food cause of the disease. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2013; 131 (3): 797–804.
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"The opposition would have you believe that they care more for the Earth than the applicant," Six Flags attorney Raymond Shea said. "Even when the applicant scaled back its proposal with a solar array and even when the applicant agreed to cover its employee parking lot with canopy-mounted panels, it was not enough.
"It is never enough with these organizations because it seems to me it's either their way or the highway," Shea said.
Last year, those organizations – Clean Water Action, the New Jersey Conservation Foundation, Save Barnegat Bay, Environment New Jersey, the Sierra Club of New Jersey and Crosswicks-Doctors Creek Watershed Association — filed suit against the town, Six Flags Great Adventure and KDC Solar, arguing that a township ordinance allowing solar facilities in conservation zones was directly in violation of the township's master plan.
That suit was held up until the planning board decision, but Clean Water Action campaign director David Pringle was sure of a legal victory, which means "we'll have to go through this all over again.
"The planning board was in the pocket of the developer from day one. They had more than enough discretion to vote no and we think they violated their own ordinances. We'll be here again unless they wise up because the courts are going to tell them they did it wrong."
Throughout the planning board process, opposing attorney Michele Donato argued against nearly every aspect of the project, from the negatives of ground-mounted solar units to the inefficiencies that new grasses would have in stopping the flow of storm water.
"Do you want to live with that decision the next time . . . (some) developer comes forth and says, 'You let Great Adventure destroy 70 acres. Why can't we just knock them down? Look what you did with them,'" Donato said. "This application is fundamentally not OK and not in any sound planning whatsoever."
Neighboring residents, many who live along Reed Road, told the board they feared a physical damage and a dip in their property values due to flooding, as the trees are the only thing mitigating runoff during storms.
MORE: 9 residents' complaints on Six Flags solar farm
One of those residents, Marina Shapiro, has since hired the law firm of Gasiorowski & Holobinko to represent her and the Jackson Citizens Coalition, a grassroots group of residents against the project. Funding for the attorneys at least partly came from a GoFundMe donation drive, which had raised $1,115 as of Wednesday afternoon.
Shapiro's attorneys were denied in their attempting to produce two expert witnesses at a meeting on Monday.
"It shouldn't have come down to us residents banding together to spend countless hours and thousands of dollars to become visible to this board and this town," Shapiro said in February. "Our concerns should be front and center above any corporate interests because you're our neighbors."
Mike Davis: (732) 643-4223; mdavis@gannettnj.com

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Is Crime an Issue at Atlanta's Trophy Park?
By Josh Green@JoshGreen1234 Dec 14, 2012, 12:48pm EST
Before we're accused of hyperbolic fear-mongering, let us say this: For an expansive greenspace in the heart of a major American metropolis, Piedmont Park has its ducks in a row when it comes to general patron safety. When a man was fatally stabbed near the park's lake in 2009, officials were adamant the homicide was the park's first since — at least — the late 1980s, when the Piedmont Park Conservancy formed. That's a stellar track record. It's understood that every knucklehead in the ATL can't be monitored, but can more be done to prevent the park's rare instances of serious crime? The latest was an attempted rape in broad daylight this month.
Midtown Patch reports the female victim was approached about 2 p.m. on Dec. 6, near the lake. The male assailant reportedly said, "I wanna rape you, you slut" with what the would-be victim described as a "despicable voice." The woman ran, and park workers chased the suspect but lost sight of him near Grady High School, where he changed shirts and bolted, according to police. Sounds pretty unnerving. Last year, condo dwellers who live near the park said the source of much trouble is a pair of benches at the southwest corner of the park near 10th and Piedmont — where the so-called "bench gang" hangs out. Crimes linked to the supposed ne'er-do-wells included car break-ins, stolen bicycles, an armed robbery and peeping Tom voyeurism, angry residents said.
· Sketch of Piedmont Park suspect released [Midtown Patch]
· Site of Piedmont Park stabbing popular with cruisers [AJC]
· Some People Can't Stand Park Benches [Midtown Patch]
Tracking The Walking Dead: A 55-stop tour for fans Since the premiere of AMC's The Walking Dead, hordes of fans have helped make Atlanta the zombie capital of the world.
15 small towns near Atlanta you need to visit now Here's a mapped checklist of 15 great (little) destinations to get you going in 2020.


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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


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Provides Tours
Weird & Wonderful
Approximate Duration: 15 min
Top Rated Attractions in Yokohama
Search Radius (Miles)
Guardian of Water
The Guardian of Water statue is a replica of the original in San Diego, given to the city of Yokohama in 1960 as a gift from the San Diego-Yokohama Friendship Commission. It was created by the artist Donal Hord, and shows a pioneer woman carrying a water jug up on one shoulder. The statue is at the center of a fountain and is surrounded by gardens in Yamashita Park on Yokohama's waterfront. -AH
British Commonwealth War Graves
This is a cemetery in a beautiful suburban Yokohama site, which has more than 2,000 graves of British Commonwealth citizens. The area covers more than 73,000 square meters. Land for the British Commonwealth cemetery was appropriated in 1946 for the military graves at Hodogaya. The distinguishing feature is the rows and rows of predominantly plain white wooden crosses.
Cosmo Clock 21 Ferris Wheel
Enjoy spectacular aerial sights of the city as you go round the Cosmo Clock 21 Ferris Wheel. One of the cities' most prominent landmarks and tourist attractions, the ferris wheel reaches upto a height of 112.5 meters (369.09 feet) and has a wheel diameter of 100 meters (328.08 feet). Rides last for 15 minutes and the 60 units in the ferris wheel can accommodate a total of 480 people. Besides offering a scenic ride to patrons, the ferris wheel also holds one of the world's largest clock function at its center. If you want to enjoy some phenomenal birds' eye view of the city of Yokohama, then certainly grab a seat on the gigantic Cosmo Clock 21 Ferris Wheel.
A Little Girl with Red Shoes On
This bronze statue of a little girl wearing red shoes was created by Masamichi Yamamoto in 1979. It represents the child in a song called "Akai Kutsu" (Red Shoes) by Ujo Noguchi, a Japanese poet, which was based on the true story of a Japanese girl adopted by an American couple who were due to take her to America with them. However, at the last moment she was diagnosed with tuberculosis. Fearing she would not withstand the journey, she was left in a church orphanage where she died in 1911. The figure sits gazing out to sea, presumably musing over the journey and future she missed out on. -AH
The Statue of the Mother & Child of the Sun (A Monument to Ice Cream)
The Statue of a Mother and Child of the Sun was designed by the sculptor, Shin Hongo and built in 1976 by the Kanagawa Chapter of the Japan Ice Cream Association. It is positioned opposite the real location of the first ice cream shop in Japan, started by Fusazo Machida who was a member of the first delegation to visit the United States of America. He was so impressed when he tasted ice cream that on his return he opened a shop called Hyousuiten (shop for iced water). For the first ten years of business, Machida had to bring natural ice from Hokkaido for his handmade ice cream process. -AH
The Grave of Minamoto Yoritomo
Minamoto no Yoritomo was the first shogun of the Kamakura shogunate, and as such holds an important place in Kamakura's history. He raised an army against the Taira Clan, which had slain his father. The monument that marks his grave was built in the Edo period, at least 400 years after his death, so it unknown whether his remains are included in the Buddhist stone stupa and fenced area of sacred soil. When Yoritomo died in 1199 he was buried in his own temple, Hokkedo, which was later destroyed, moved and rebuilt. Traces of it remain on the hillside. -AH
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5,7,6,10 0 0 0 10 0
Monument to the First Power Plant of Kanagawa Prefecture
Baysters Dori Avenue, (behind the YMCA), Yokohama, Japan, 231-0013
On the corner of a street very close to the BayStars monument, you'll find an engraved stone monument with a metal etching of an Edison-type generator. This monument commemorates the coal-fired power plant that used to be on this site. The plant was built by the Yokohama Kyodo Electric Light Company. It began supplying electricity to 700 houses in the city in 1890. -AH
Monument to the Oldest Park in Japan
Yokohama Park, Yokohama, Japan, 231-0823
The stone monument in Yokohama Park is a reminder that Yokohama Park was the first such park opened in Japan for the use of both foreigners and Japanese. It was designed by Richard Henry Brunton, a Scottish engineer (his statue also stands in the park), after fire destroyed the area in 1866. The park was opened in 1871 and included a cricket ground. In 1923, the park provided a refuge to people after the Great Kanto Earthquake and in 1929 a baseball stadium was built. The current stadium was opened in 1978.
Monument to the Yokohama BayStars
BayStars Dori, (behind the YMCA), Yokohama, Japan, 231-0013
This large copper etching on the wall shows a cheering BayStars team. It is surrounded by the hand prints of the team and commemorates 1998, the year the Yokohama BayStars won the Japanese Baseball Grand Championships. This part of the street is nicknamed BayStars Street. -AH
Monument of R.H. Brunton & Monument of the Iron Bridge
Yoshidabashi Bridge, Naka-ku, Yokohama, Japan, 231-0045
Standing side by side on the Kannai side of Yoshidabashi Bridge are two iron monuments. One has a map of the early settlement of Yokohama on it and the other has a picture of the first iron bridge that stood here. The bridge was built in 1869 by Henry Brunton, a Scottish engineer, who was also responsible for many lighthouses in the region, the design of Yokohama Park and the layout of Nihon Odori. It was built at the request of the Kanagawa governor, and at a time when bridges were traditionally made of wood and replaced regularly, such a strong and durable construct would have been quite amazing. Across the road, standing on the now concrete bridge, is a pillar. It marks the checkpoint on Yoshida Bridge that was established soon after the opening of the port in 1859 to protect foreigners living in the settlement. -AH
Monument of the Site of Inauguration of Japan's Telegraph
Nihon Odori Avenue, Yokohama District Public Prosecutors Office, Yokohama, Japan, 231-0021
Outside the Yokohama District Public Prosecutors Office on the Nihon Odori crossing is a stone monument with an electric wave pattern etched on it. This stone commemorates the first instance of successful telegraphing in Japan, which was over a distance of 2200 feet (670 meters) between the present Kanagawa District Court and the Yokohama Coast Guard Headquarters in 1869. The following year, telegraph lines were completed between Yokohama and Tokyo and a telegraph service was started. However, the lines were often cut or poles pulled down as the process was not understood and was called "black magic." This monument was erected in 1963 by the Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Public Corporation, along with another in Tokyo. -AH
Monument of Renjo Shimo-oka
4-67-1 Bentendori, Bashamichidori, Naka-ku, Yokohama, Japan, 231-0007
This metallic monument resembling an early camera outside Gold's Gym on Bashamichi is a tribute to Renjo Shimo-oka, who set up a photography studio here after learning the skills of photography from Henry Heusken, a Dutchman and interpreter for the first US Ambassador to Japan. Shimo-oka photographed the SS America, which caught fire while berthed in Yokohama and experimented with night photography. Shimo-oka's first studio was in Noge. He moved to this site in 1868. -AH
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Comparative info detailing the cultural, felony and ancient environments of foundations in overseas settings has been scarce - before. Written through students from six nations, this article covers philanthropic foundations within the world's busiest advertisement facilities - the U.S. and jap and Western Europe. It reviews at the constructions and mindsets that form foundations' present giving, and discusses assorted features of origin administration. Case stories of the French and Italian beginning groups and a comparative criminal bankruptcy are specifically remarkable.
There are classes rising throughout us, within the new social hobbies that experience swept the globe, and within the setting up styles stumbled on on social media. might Twitter and Occupy aid our NGOs, charities, alternate unions and voluntary organizations to either remain correct within the instances forward and reside our values in the course of the ways in which we organise?
Anarchists within the Boardroom is a trip via worker-run factories, Occupy encampments, a spattering of non-violent direct activities or even a number of forward-thinking businesses, to make the case for aiding our organisations 'to be extra like people.' It asks us to sweep away our 'professional' assumptions and have interaction as we do after we should not have task descriptions or company plans telling us the right way to swap the realm. It reminds us of the facility each one folks has to make switch take place, even in the so much entrenched of bureaucracies!
Economic improvement is a concern for all realms, no matter if constructing or built. lately, a number of one of the constructing countries – also known as the rising economies – have attracted the world's consciousness as a result of their quick speed of monetary progress. whereas the similarities between those international locations (for instance the BRICS) within the trend in their financial progress are highlighted and mentioned, the variations are frequently glossed over. This booklet, for this reason, makes an attempt to provide the various ways that entrepreneurship is facilitated in rising economies, via a compilation of study papers from six diversified nations (India, China, Singapore, Hong Kong, Nigeria and New Zealand) belonging to the category of rising economies. The papers incorporated during this booklet disguise a number of themes regarding the production and administration of an entrepreneurial atmosphere, resembling intercultural interactions, IPR issues, government regulations for SMEs, social entrepreneurship, chance id, eco-friendly entrepreneurship, worker entrepreneurship, symbiotic ventures and social capital, social fluidity mapping for lowering failure stigma, eco-friendly know-how within the company global and between marketers, enterprise capital for progress, immigrant marketers, entrepreneurial luck and existence pride, between others. The contributions are supported by means of an introductory bankruptcy that offers an integrative framework by way of unifying the varied styles of monetary improvement within the assorted international locations less than a variety of institutional inadequacies as a strategy of "muddling-through to development", necessitated via the non-systematic improvement of the atmosphere for brand new enterprise production. This publication is certainly a must-read for these attracted to figuring out the method of entrepreneurship and monetary improvement in rising economies.
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Timely and obviously written, with contributions from specialists from all over the world, Nonprofit consultant to Going Green leads the best way in aiding charities in all international locations meet this challenge.
Nonprofit consultant to Going Green supplies a well timed and crucial name to motion for this new century. Can your company have enough money not to "go green?"
Because the quickest growing to be section of civil society, in addition to that includes prominently within the international political enviornment, NGOs are less than fireplace for being 'unaccountable'. yet who do NGOs really signify? Who should still they be dependable to and the way? This booklet presents the 1st accomplished exam of the problems and politics of NGO responsibility throughout all sectors and across the world. It deals an overview of the major technical instruments to be had together with criminal responsibility, certification and donor-based responsibility regimes, and questions even if those are acceptable and manageable suggestions or makes an attempt to 'roll-back' NGOs to a extra one-dimensional functionality as organizers of nationwide and international charity. enter and case reports are supplied from NGOs similar to ActionAid, and from all the pieces of the globe together with China, Indonesia and Uganda. within the spirit of relocating in the direction of better responsibility the publication seems intimately at options that experience built from inside NGOs and gives new methods and versatile frameworks that permit responsibility to turn into a fact for all events around the globe.
Soziale Investitionen bezeichnen unterschiedliche Formen privater Beiträge zum Gemeinwohl. was once jedoch als Beitrag zum Gemeinwohl verstanden werden kann, unterliegt dem Diskurs in Zivilgesellschaft und politischer Öffentlichkeit. Aus der Perspektive wirtschafts- und sozialwissenschaftlicher Disziplinen prüfen die Forscher des Heidelberger Centrums für Soziale Investitionen und Innovationen den Erklärungsgehalt dieses neuen forschungsleitenden Konzepts Sozialer Investition. Das Konzept beansprucht die prinzipielle Vergleichbarkeit unterschiedlicher Beiträge zum Gemeinwohl, wie die Arbeit von Stiftungen, Spenden, freiwilliges bürgerschaftliches Engagement und Sozialunternehmertum.
A whole and simple to appreciate advisor to the basics of the way not-for-profit companies are shaped and run, in addition to their constitution and the original accounting and reporting concerns they face.
Providing you with a accomplished figuring out of ways to take care of the "books" of a regular nonprofit entity and conform to quite a few reporting requisites, The Simplified advisor to Not-for-Profit Accounting, Formation & Reporting equips you with every thing you must be aware of to shape a Not-For-Profit, setup an accounting procedure, checklist monetary transactions and report back to donors and regulatory bodies.
Practical and complete in scope, The Simplified consultant to Not-for-Profit Accounting, Formation & Reporting offers a wealth of sensible info to accountants and non-accountants alike for realizing Not-For-Profit monetary transactions, monetary statements and the numerous inner and exterior experiences they have to prepare.
This ebook conscientiously develops the viewpoint of nonprofit organisations as social capital resources and brokers of public coverage inside a principal-agent framework. It indicates the sensible in addition to managerial and advertising and marketing merits of such an technique, one who may end up in critical questions about a few of the latest perspectives that every one nonprofits outcome from industry or govt failure. Bryce presents a extra optimistic, cross-national and inclusive viewpoint on those enterprises that applies throughout all in their disciplines and in built or constructing nations alike.
The Mission-Driven Venture offers actionable suggestions for leveraging the ability of to resolve the world's such a lot vexing social difficulties. Written by way of lawyer and fiscal consultant Marc J. Lane, a popular suggestion chief and specialist on entrepreneurship, social organizations, impression making an investment and entrepreneurial finance, this e-book reaches the entire spectrum of pursuits represented on the intersection of commercial and social swap. even if a social entrepreneur, effect investor, socially wakeful person, or a nonprofit or beginning chief, any reader dedicated to social innovation can take advantage of this functional roadmap to the swiftly constructing enviornment of social enterprise.


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Q: Tidio Chat - no longer installed but still trying to pull .js I installed Tidio Chat for wordpress then uninstalled it. It is still however trying to retrive .js code. It's adding 9-10 seconds on my site load time.
www.ivebeangrounded.com search for tidio on page source and it's there.
I assumed removing that script code would work. But I can't figure out what file that code is located in. It's not in footer.php

A: Tidio Developer here. We are adding our js code dynamically via plugin so the only way to remove this behavior is to purge your cache.
Thanks for notice!

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/jcecon/v33y2005i3p441-461.html
Does money matter in the CIS? Effects of monetary policy on output and prices
Starr, Martha A.
Martha Starr
Starr, Martha A., 2005. "Does money matter in the CIS? Effects of monetary policy on output and prices," Journal of Comparative Economics, Elsevier, vol. 33(3), pages 441-461, September.
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All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:jcecon:v:33:y:2005:i:3:p:441-461. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.


1993 Topps Finest Baseball is one of the most important sets of the 1990s. It introduced the hobby to the chromium base set. It also took the idea of parallel cards to a new level with Refractors. Without 1993 Topps Finest Baseball, we might not have the player rainbows like we have today. The Topps Chrome and Bowman Chrome lines probably wouldn't exist either.
The 199-card base set consists mainly of the game's stars from the day. Regular 1993 Topps Finest Baseball cards have a busy design. A player photo is surrounded by a metallic circle in the middle. The top of the card has a bar that reads "Baseball's Finest" and the bottom of the card has a small nameplate with the player's name and Topps logo. Other than the photo, card fronts make no mention of the player's team or position.
Cards 84 through 116 on the 1993 Topps Finest Baseball checklist cover All-Stars. Although it's a subset with its own design, All-Star subjects don't appear anywhere else on the base set checklist. These cards have a similar style photo. Instead of a circle, there is a smaller spotlit triangle behind the player that has a pair of stars shooting out of the top. The header reads "Baseball's All-Stars." The nameplate is slightly different as well, but it still only has the player's name and Topps logo.
1993 Topps Finest Baseball is primarily a stars-driven set. The checklist has only a pair of rookie cards: J.T. Snow and Mike Lansing. Both players had solid careers but neither made much of a hobby impact.
Although the base set remains popular among collectors, the 1993 Topps Finest Baseball Refractors are what really carry the set. A parallel to the base set, they look very similar except for the rainbow reflection they give off. Refractors are inserted approximately two per box.
Several 1993 Topps Finest Baseball Refractors command a premium because they are suspected short prints. Although some are superstars, others are not. So if you see a Mickey Tettleton or Glenn Davis offered at a ridiculous amount, there is a reason for it.
1993 Topps Finest boxes come with 18 packs of six cards. Each box also comes with one over-sized Jumbo All-Stars card. These are identical to the base set All-Stars except for their size.
Inserted one per box. Over-sized cards measure 4 1/2" x 6".
The following is a list of suspected 1993 Topps Finest Baseball Refractor short prints. Short prints apply only to the parallels and not the 1993 Topps Finest base set.
great product….tough to locate after all these years and if you find a box/pack..you will pay a nice sum. i just realized that the unopened boxes have different players depicted on the top of them too.
Only reason I give it 5 stars, is because I own a bunch of these cards, and had no idea of their value. I did know they are quite scarce, so I never destroyed a single one. Not even dups.
Base set is nice looking. But the Finest sets are ugly. Especially compared to 2015 Topps. Hard to go back and look at these monstrosities….


Manufacturers have been developing their smartphones with the newest tech, and all hardware parts of mobile phones like cameras are well developed.
Since the first manufacturer Sharp equipped its device with camera, mobile phone cameras have been greatly developed, and all manufacturers are dedicated to updating their smartphone cameras.
Manufacturers have been dedicated to upgrading their mobile phone cameras since Sharp equipped its very first phone with camera, and up to now, phone cameras have greatly changed our daily life, people are now more willing to use their smartphones to take photos in daily life other than professional and expensive cameras.
From 110 thousand pixels to 41 million pixels cameras, they have been deeply developed, and let's study a brief history of mobile phone cameras.
Talking about the first mobile phone equipped with camera, many of us would feel confused, but most of you must have an impression on Sharp J-SH04, which took the first step to make mobile phone more functional than calling and sending text messages. Sharp J-SH04 has a 110 thousand pixels camera and was released in October, 2000. However, as the first phone with camera, it was not really hot, and it was not until 2007 when most mobile phones were equipped with cameras that mobile phone cameras began to be rapidly developed.
In 2007, Steve Jobs brought us the epochal iPhone, and then the device not only got rid of physical buttons, but also realized people's hope of touch screen, and of course, it popularized the idea of taking photos with phones, though the first iPhone support taking photos only with its 2 million pixels camera.
With the popularization of phone with cameras, people started to know that it is not only the pixel but also the fast and accurate focusing that has influence on the quality of photos, and then LG released its LG G3 in 2014. LG G3 was the first laser focus smartphone with double LED flashlight, and it also has an auto focus sensor, so that people could take good photos when it's dark.
People are now thinking that dual rear camera solution gives better photos, but it is these two years when dual camera solution is accepted. In 14th Feb, 2011, LG released LG Optimus 3D(P925) on MWC, and that was the symbol of the born of dual camera smartphone, and it could give perfect 3D images.
Besides high pixel, faster focus and dual camera, DSP chip is a very important component concerning taking photos, and the upgrading of DSP chips result in surprising photographic performance though there is no much progress made in pixel and functions of smartphones.
During the past 10 years after iPhone was released, cameras of phones have been meet a great development and I think that smartphone cameras will definitely replace professional cameras in future.


Eastleigh moved to within two points of the National League play-off places as they won at relegation-threatened Torquay United.
Lee Cook's fourth-minute shot from the right-hand side of the penalty box was enough to separate the sides.
Brendan Moore denied Cook a second in the first half while Angus MacDonald twice went close for the Gulls.
Torquay, who had been on an eight-game unbeaten run, have now lost two in a row and are two points from safety.
They have scored just one goal in their last six games and dropped to third from bottom of the table after Boreham Wood's 3-0 win over Dover.
Match ends, Torquay United 0, Eastleigh 1.
Second Half ends, Torquay United 0, Eastleigh 1.
Attempt saved. Jai Reason (Eastleigh) right footed shot from the centre of the box is saved.
Matt Tubbs (Eastleigh) is shown the yellow card for a bad foul.
Ross Flitney (Eastleigh) is shown the yellow card.
Attempt missed. Danny Racchi (Torquay United) right footed shot from outside the box is too high.
Attempt missed. James Constable (Eastleigh) right footed shot from outside the box is too high.
Attempt saved. Angus MacDonald (Torquay United) right footed shot from outside the box is saved.
Substitution, Torquay United. Toby Ajala replaces Courtney Richards.
Luke Coulson (Eastleigh) is shown the yellow card.
Ben Gerring (Torquay United) is shown the yellow card for a bad foul.
Foul by Ben Gerring (Torquay United).
Substitution, Eastleigh. Matt Tubbs replaces Lee Cook.
Substitution, Torquay United. Iffy Allen replaces Sam Chaney.
Substitution, Torquay United. Luke Young replaces Josh Rees.
Foul by Sam Chaney (Torquay United).
Attempt blocked. Josh Rees (Torquay United) right footed shot from outside the box is blocked.


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Yellow-throated sandgrouse, female, Pterocles gutturalis; Masai Mara, Kenya.
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Kenya lake Magadi yellow-throated sandgrouse (Pterocles gutturalis) drinking
Kenya lake Magadi yellow-throated sandgrouse (Pterocles gutturalis) drinkinghttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/stock-photo-kenya-lake-magadi-yellow-throated-sandgrouse-pterocles-gutturalis-70352933.html
A male yellow-throated sandgrouse (Pterocles gutturalis) in the grasslands of the Masai Mara National Reserve in Kenya.
A male yellow-throated sandgrouse (Pterocles gutturalis) in the grasslands of the Masai Mara National Reserve in Kenya.https://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/a-male-yellow-throated-sandgrouse-pterocles-gutturalis-in-the-grasslands-of-the-masai-mara-national-reserve-in-kenya-image343976950.html
Yellow-throated sandgrouse, Pterocles gutturalis, Serengeti National Park, Tanzania
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Yellow-throated Sandgrouse (Pterocles gutturalis) Resting on the Ground in Northern Tanzania
Yellow-throated Sandgrouse (Pterocles gutturalis) Resting on the Ground in Northern Tanzaniahttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/stock-photo-yellow-throated-sandgrouse-pterocles-gutturalis-resting-on-the-ground-142052871.html
Yellow-throated Sand Grouse
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Male and female Yellow throated Sandgrouse Pterocles gutturalis Masai Mara Kenya Africa Yellow Yellow throated Afrika afrikanisc
Male and female Yellow throated Sandgrouse Pterocles gutturalis Masai Mara Kenya Africa Yellow Yellow throated Afrika afrikanischttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/stock-photo-male-and-female-yellow-throated-sandgrouse-pterocles-gutturalis-masai-19350553.html
Yellow-throated Sandgrouse (Pterocles gutturalis) male hidden on the ground Masai Mara - Kenya - East Africa
Yellow-throated Sandgrouse (Pterocles gutturalis) male hidden on the ground Masai Mara - Kenya - East Africahttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/stock-photo-yellow-throated-sandgrouse-pterocles-gutturalis-male-hidden-on-the-50950604.html
Yellow-throated sandgrouse (Pterocles gutturalis) Ndutu area, Ngorongoro Conservation Area NCA / Serengeti National Park, Tanzania.
Yellow-throated sandgrouse (Pterocles gutturalis) Ndutu area, Ngorongoro Conservation Area NCA / Serengeti National Park, Tanzania.https://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/yellow-throated-sandgrouse-pterocles-gutturalis-ndutu-area-ngorongoro-conservation-area-nca-serengeti-national-park-tanzania-image357518274.html
Female Yellow-throated Sandgrouse (Pterocles gutturalis) on parched ground in the Mara Conservancies, Greater Mara, Kenya Africa
Female Yellow-throated Sandgrouse (Pterocles gutturalis) on parched ground in the Mara Conservancies, Greater Mara, Kenya Africahttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/stock-photo-female-yellow-throated-sandgrouse-pterocles-gutturalis-on-parched-135326414.html
Crowned sandgrouse (Pterocles coronatus) male, Oman, January
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Yellow-throated Sandgrouse (Pterocles Gutturalis), Serengeti National Park, Tanzania, Africa
Yellow-throated Sandgrouse (Pterocles Gutturalis), Serengeti National Park, Tanzania, Africahttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/stock-photo-yellow-throated-sandgrouse-pterocles-gutturalis-serengeti-national-18416008.html
Crowned sandgrouse (Pterocles coronatus) male showing tail in display, Oman, January
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Yellow-throated sandgrouse, male, Pterocles gutturalis; Masai Mara, Kenya.
Yellow-throated sandgrouse, male, Pterocles gutturalis; Masai Mara, Kenya.https://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/yellow-throated-sandgrouse-male-pterocles-gutturalis-masai-mara-kenya-image181634859.html
Yellow-throated Sandgrouse (Pterocles gutturalis) Masai Mara Kenya Africa
Yellow-throated Sandgrouse (Pterocles gutturalis) Masai Mara Kenya Africahttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/stock-photo-yellow-throated-sandgrouse-pterocles-gutturalis-masai-mara-kenya-africa-16635144.html
A female yellow-throated sandgrouse (Pterocles gutturalis) in the grasslands of the Masai Mara National Reserve in Kenya.
A female yellow-throated sandgrouse (Pterocles gutturalis) in the grasslands of the Masai Mara National Reserve in Kenya.https://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/a-female-yellow-throated-sandgrouse-pterocles-gutturalis-in-the-grasslands-of-the-masai-mara-national-reserve-in-kenya-image343976930.html
A yellow-throated sandgrouse (Pterocles gutturalis) is looking for food in the grasslands of the Masai Mara National Reserve in Kenya.
A yellow-throated sandgrouse (Pterocles gutturalis) is looking for food in the grasslands of the Masai Mara National Reserve in Kenya.https://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/a-yellow-throated-sandgrouse-pterocles-gutturalis-is-looking-for-food-in-the-grasslands-of-the-masai-mara-national-reserve-in-kenya-image343973512.html
Yellow throated sandgrouse
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A group of Yellow-throated Sandgrouse, Pterocles gutturalis, standing. Masai Mara National Reserve, Kenya.
A group of Yellow-throated Sandgrouse, Pterocles gutturalis, standing. Masai Mara National Reserve, Kenya.https://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/stock-photo-a-group-of-yellow-throated-sandgrouse-pterocles-gutturalis-standing-26585400.html
Yellow throated Sandgrouse Pterocles gutturalis
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Yellow-throated Sandgrouse, Pterocles gutturalis, drinking from a water hole. Masai Mara, Kenya, Spring.
Yellow-throated Sandgrouse, Pterocles gutturalis, drinking from a water hole. Masai Mara, Kenya, Spring.https://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/stock-photo-yellow-throated-sandgrouse-pterocles-gutturalis-drinking-from-a-water-41585904.html
Yellow-throated sandgrouse, Pterocles gutturalis, Single female on grass, Kenya, September 2019
Yellow-throated sandgrouse, Pterocles gutturalis, Single female on grass, Kenya, September 2019https://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/yellow-throated-sandgrouse-pterocles-gutturalis-single-female-on-grass-kenya-september-2019-image330854917.html
Yellow-throated Sandgrouse (Pterocles gutturalis) couple laying on the ground Masai Mara - Kenya - East Africa
Yellow-throated Sandgrouse (Pterocles gutturalis) couple laying on the ground Masai Mara - Kenya - East Africahttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/stock-photo-yellow-throated-sandgrouse-pterocles-gutturalis-couple-laying-on-the-50272062.html
Yellow throated Sandgrouse Pterocles gutturalis Male Serengeti Tanzania
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Yellow-throated Sandgrouse (Pterocles gutturalis) female feeding on the ground at sunrise Masai Mara - Kenya - East Africa
Yellow-throated Sandgrouse (Pterocles gutturalis) female feeding on the ground at sunrise Masai Mara - Kenya - East Africahttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/stock-photo-yellow-throated-sandgrouse-pterocles-gutturalis-female-feeding-on-50272043.html
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Yellow-throated Sandgrouse (Pterocles gutturalis), group in flight, Maasai Mara, Kenya.
Yellow-throated Sandgrouse (Pterocles gutturalis), group in flight, Maasai Mara, Kenya.https://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/yellow-throated-sandgrouse-pterocles-gutturalis-group-in-flight-maasai-mara-kenya-image338867096.html
Yellow Throated Sandgrouse Pterocles gutturalis walking on the ground in the Serengeti Tanzania East Africa
Yellow Throated Sandgrouse Pterocles gutturalis walking on the ground in the Serengeti Tanzania East Africahttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/stock-photo-yellow-throated-sandgrouse-pterocles-gutturalis-walking-on-the-ground-10687468.html
Yellow-throated sandgrouse Pterocles gutturalis Katavi National Park Tanzania
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Male Yellow-throated Sandgrouse (Pterocles gutturalis) Masai Mara Kenya Africa
Male Yellow-throated Sandgrouse (Pterocles gutturalis) Masai Mara Kenya Africahttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/stock-photo-male-yellow-throated-sandgrouse-pterocles-gutturalis-masai-mara-kenya-16635143.html
Yellow throated Sandgrouse drinking and soaking feathers
Yellow throated Sandgrouse drinking and soaking feathershttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/yellow-throated-sandgrouse-drinking-and-soaking-feathers-image4373881.html
Yellow-throated Sandgrouse (Pterocles gutturalis) adult female, standing in grassland, Maasai Mara National Reserve, Kenya, August
Yellow-throated Sandgrouse (Pterocles gutturalis) adult female, standing in grassland, Maasai Mara National Reserve, Kenya, Augusthttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/stock-photo-yellow-throated-sandgrouse-pterocles-gutturalis-adult-female-standing-90935266.html
Yellow-Throated Sandgrouse on the Savanna. Serngeti National Park, Tanzania
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A yellow-throated sandgrouse (Pterocles gutturalis) couple in the grasslands of the Masai Mara National Reserve in Kenya.
A yellow-throated sandgrouse (Pterocles gutturalis) couple in the grasslands of the Masai Mara National Reserve in Kenya.https://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/a-yellow-throated-sandgrouse-pterocles-gutturalis-couple-in-the-grasslands-of-the-masai-mara-national-reserve-in-kenya-image343977025.html
TANZANIA, NGORONGORO CRATER, YELLOW-THROATED SANDGROUSE
TANZANIA, NGORONGORO CRATER, YELLOW-THROATED SANDGROUSEhttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/tanzania-ngorongoro-crater-yellow-throated-sandgrouse-image344423330.html
Pterocles gutturalis, Print, The yellow-throated sandgrouse (Pterocles gutturalis) is a species of bird in the family Pteroclididae., 1820-1860
Pterocles gutturalis, Print, The yellow-throated sandgrouse (Pterocles gutturalis) is a species of bird in the family Pteroclididae., 1820-1860https://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/pterocles-gutturalis-print-the-yellow-throated-sandgrouse-pterocles-gutturalis-is-a-species-of-bird-in-the-family-pteroclididae-1820-1860-image328698387.html
Yellow-throated sandgrouse, Pterocles gutturalis, single male on ground, Tanzania
Yellow-throated sandgrouse, Pterocles gutturalis, single male on ground, Tanzaniahttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/stock-photo-yellow-throated-sandgrouse-pterocles-gutturalis-single-male-on-ground-124354655.html
Yellow-throated Sandgrouse (Pterocles gutturalis) male feeding on the ground at sunrise Masai Mara - Kenya - East Africa
Yellow-throated Sandgrouse (Pterocles gutturalis) male feeding on the ground at sunrise Masai Mara - Kenya - East Africahttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/stock-photo-yellow-throated-sandgrouse-pterocles-gutturalis-male-feeding-on-the-50950592.html
Yellow-throated Sandgrousehttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/yellow-throated-sandgrouse-image280250066.html
Yellow-throated Sandgrouse (Pterocles gutturalis), flock coming in to land, Maasai Mara, Kenya.
Yellow-throated Sandgrouse (Pterocles gutturalis), flock coming in to land, Maasai Mara, Kenya.https://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/yellow-throated-sandgrouse-pterocles-gutturalis-flock-coming-in-to-land-maasai-mara-kenya-image340517636.html
Pterocles gutturalis, Print, The yellow-throated sandgrouse (Pterocles gutturalis) is a species of bird in the family Pteroclididae., 1820-1860, Reimagined by Gibon, design of warm cheerful glowing of brightness and light rays radiance. Classic art reinvented with a modern twist. Photography inspired by futurism, embracing dynamic energy of modern technology, movement, speed and revolutionize culture.
Pterocles gutturalis, Print, The yellow-throated sandgrouse (Pterocles gutturalis) is a species of bird in the family Pteroclididae., 1820-1860, Reimagined by Gibon, design of warm cheerful glowing of brightness and light rays radiance. Classic art reinvented with a modern twist. Photography inspired by futurism, embracing dynamic energy of modern technology, movement, speed and revolutionize culture.https://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/pterocles-gutturalis-print-the-yellow-throated-sandgrouse-pterocles-gutturalis-is-a-species-of-bird-in-the-family-pteroclididae-1820-1860-reimagined-by-gibon-design-of-warm-cheerful-glowing-of-brightness-and-light-rays-radiance-classic-art-reinvented-with-a-modern-twist-photography-inspired-by-futurism-embracing-dynamic-energy-of-modern-technology-movement-speed-and-revolutionize-culture-image349781220.html
Pterocles gutturalis Throated sandgrouse Ngorongoro conservation area Tanzania Africa
Pterocles gutturalis Throated sandgrouse Ngorongoro conservation area Tanzania Africahttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/pterocles-gutturalis-throated-sandgrouse-ngorongoro-conservation-area-image5479938.html
A huge flock of birds, Doves & Sand Grouse fly in to drink at a water hole in the evening Savuti Botswana Africa
A huge flock of birds, Doves & Sand Grouse fly in to drink at a water hole in the evening Savuti Botswana Africahttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/stock-photo-a-huge-flock-of-birds-doves-sand-grouse-fly-in-to-drink-at-a-water-127581524.html
Male Yellow-throated Sandgrouse (Pterocles gutturalis) Masai Mara, Kenya Africa
Male Yellow-throated Sandgrouse (Pterocles gutturalis) Masai Mara, Kenya Africahttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/stock-photo-male-yellow-throated-sandgrouse-pterocles-gutturalis-masai-mara-kenya-16635141.html
Hundreds of Yellow throated Sandgrouse gathering in evening close to water
Hundreds of Yellow throated Sandgrouse gathering in evening close to waterhttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/hundreds-of-yellow-throated-sandgrouse-gathering-in-evening-close-image4373877.html
Yellow-throated Sandgrouse (Pterocles gutturalis) adult pair male in foreground and female in background standing amongst dried
Yellow-throated Sandgrouse (Pterocles gutturalis) adult pair male in foreground and female in background standing amongst driedhttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/yellow-throated-sandgrouse-pterocles-gutturalis-adult-pair-male-in-foreground-and-female-in-background-standing-amongst-dried-image280917800.html
« Pterocles gutturalis » = Pterocles gutturalis (Yellow-throated Sandgrouse) - male
« Pterocles gutturalis » = Pterocles gutturalis (Yellow-throated Sandgrouse) - malehttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/pterocles-gutturalis-=-pterocles-gutturalis-yellow-throated-sandgrouse-male-image245543244.html
Pterocles gutturalis gutturalis A. Smith, 1836 Afrikaans: Wyfie- en mannetjie-Geelkeelsandpatrys geïllustreer deur C. G. Finch-Davies English: Female and male Yellow-throated sandgrouse illustrated by C. G. Finch-Davies . 1912 65 PteroclesGutturalisDavies
Pterocles gutturalis gutturalis A. Smith, 1836 Afrikaans: Wyfie- en mannetjie-Geelkeelsandpatrys geïllustreer deur C. G. Finch-Davies English: Female and male Yellow-throated sandgrouse illustrated by C. G. Finch-Davies . 1912 65 PteroclesGutturalisDavieshttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/pterocles-gutturalis-gutturalis-a-smith-1836-afrikaans-wyfie-en-mannetjie-geelkeelsandpatrys-gellustreer-deur-c-g-finch-davies-english-female-and-male-yellow-throated-sandgrouse-illustrated-by-c-g-finch-davies-1912-65-pteroclesgutturalisdavies-image211070708.html
vintage bird illustration
vintage bird illustrationhttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/vintage-bird-illustration-image337476869.html
. Birds' nesting in India. A calendar of the breeding seasons, and a popular guide to the habits and haunts of birds. Illustrated . f several other kinds may be found; but the breed-ing season is now perceptibly on the decline. In Bengal, the amethyst-rumped honeysucker, the grass babblers,the black-throated weaver birds, chestnut-bellied munias, bustard, quail,and painted snipe have eggs, while the grass owls begin pairing towardsthe end of the month. In Central India, the common bulbul, the allied wren warbler,the common sandgrouse, the painted partridge, the likh florikin, thepainted snipe,
. Birds' nesting in India. A calendar of the breeding seasons, and a popular guide to the habits and haunts of birds. Illustrated . f several other kinds may be found; but the breed-ing season is now perceptibly on the decline. In Bengal, the amethyst-rumped honeysucker, the grass babblers,the black-throated weaver birds, chestnut-bellied munias, bustard, quail,and painted snipe have eggs, while the grass owls begin pairing towardsthe end of the month. In Central India, the common bulbul, the allied wren warbler,the common sandgrouse, the painted partridge, the likh florikin, thepainted snipe,https://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/birds-nesting-in-india-a-calendar-of-the-breeding-seasons-and-a-popular-guide-to-the-habits-and-haunts-of-birds-illustrated-f-several-other-kinds-may-be-found-but-the-breed-ing-season-is-now-perceptibly-on-the-decline-in-bengal-the-amethyst-rumped-honeysucker-the-grass-babblersthe-black-throated-weaver-birds-chestnut-bellied-munias-bustard-quailand-painted-snipe-have-eggs-while-the-grass-owls-begin-pairing-towardsthe-end-of-the-month-in-central-india-the-common-bulbul-the-allied-wren-warblerthe-common-sandgrouse-the-painted-partridge-the-likh-florikin-thepainted-snipe-image375171581.html
YELLOW THROATED SANDGROUSE Pterocles gutturalis Tanzania
YELLOW THROATED SANDGROUSE Pterocles gutturalis Tanzaniahttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/yellow-throated-sandgrouse-pterocles-gutturalis-tanzania-image6759056.html
Yellow-throated Sandgrouse (Pterocles gutturalis) couple feeding on the ground at sunrise Masai Mara - Kenya - East Africa
Yellow-throated Sandgrouse (Pterocles gutturalis) couple feeding on the ground at sunrise Masai Mara - Kenya - East Africahttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/stock-photo-yellow-throated-sandgrouse-pterocles-gutturalis-couple-feeding-on-50950586.html
Yellow throated Sandgrouse Pterocles gutturalis Male Female Pair Tanzania Africa
Yellow throated Sandgrouse Pterocles gutturalis Male Female Pair Tanzania Africahttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/yellow-throated-sandgrouse-pterocles-gutturalis-male-female-pair-tanzania-image4332671.html
Female Yellow-throated Sandgrouse (Pterocles gutturalis) Masai Mara Kenya Africa
Female Yellow-throated Sandgrouse (Pterocles gutturalis) Masai Mara Kenya Africahttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/stock-photo-female-yellow-throated-sandgrouse-pterocles-gutturalis-masai-mara-16635146.html
Yellow-throated Sandgrouse (Pterocles gutturalis) adult pair male in foreground and female in background standing amongst driedhttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/yellow-throated-sandgrouse-pterocles-gutturalis-adult-pair-male-in-image65331155.html
Sandgrouse Yellow Throated Pterocles gutturalis Male
Sandgrouse Yellow Throated Pterocles gutturalis Malehttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/sandgrouse-yellow-throated-pterocles-gutturalis-male-image282339423.html
Yellow-throated Sandgrouse (Pterocles gutturalis) pair feeding on the ground at sunrise Masai Mara - Kenya - East Africa
Yellow-throated Sandgrouse (Pterocles gutturalis) pair feeding on the ground at sunrise Masai Mara - Kenya - East Africahttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/stock-photo-yellow-throated-sandgrouse-pterocles-gutturalis-pair-feeding-on-the-50271994.html
Sandgrouse Yellow Throated Pterocles gutturalis Malehttps://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1https://www.alamy.com/stock-photo-sandgrouse-yellow-throated-pterocles-gutturalis-male-11347925.html
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TEN months after playing their last Test match — a damp squib against South Africa last December — Zimbabwe arrived in Bangladesh this week and, although three ODIs will open the tour, no doubt the visitors' skills in the longer version will come under deeper scrutiny on a trip former Zimbabwe chief selector Alistair Campbell expects a serious "trial-by-spin" from the hosts.
Incredibly, and it is a subject that will revive debate, the two-match series is all Zimbabwe will play in the five-day format throughout the whole calendar year, an uphill task for a team on a losing streak and struggling for some kind of rhythm.
Exactly four years ago, the last Test series between the two bottom-of-the-table rivals, Zimbabwe left Bangladesh heavily bruised and battered after the Asian side romped to a 3-0 series whitewash, with spin-tailored wickets causing Zimbabwe all sorts of trouble.
The former Zimbabwe captain, now an established broadcaster around the world, has called on the team to combat Bangladesh's spin threat by playing freely throughout the series.
"The only way out for Zimbabwe, really, is to be positive," Campbell said. "If you just stand at your crease and sit there and try defend and be negative, I think that is not the way to play. The guys have to go out there and try to be positive. That is trying to use their feet, not afraid to sweep, take the attack to the spinners and try to get a result. I think it's a positive method. They did that in Sri Lanka (where Zimbabwe stunned the hosts 3-2 in the ODI series in 2017) for a while. Yes, it was one-day cricket, but they took that into the Test match as well. Particularly Sikandar Raza, who played really well using his feet. So they must take a leaf out of his book and obviously try to be a bit more positive. That's the only way to try force a result or to do better than trying to block out, playing negatively and hope you are going to get a bad ball that you can put away.
Campbell is hopeful that the return of star batsman Brendan Taylor and pace spearhead Kyle Jarvis to full Test commitments can give Zimbabwe a fighting chance. Both players, upon returning to Zimbabwe from the county cricket circuit, featured in the experimental four-day night Test against South Africa in Port Elizabeth, in which the Proteas crushed the Zimbabweans by an innings and 120 runs inside two days.
Taylor and Jarvis, according to Campbell, bring good experience in the longer version.
Asian teams increasingly put their spin threat to greater use against visiting sides these days, and touring sides look up more and more to their pace attack to make headway. Jarvis, with the likes of Tendai Chatara, Donald Tiripano and Richard Ngarava must be at their best to get something out of the wicket.
With Graeme Cremer missing through injury, the much-hyped 21-year-old newcomer Brandon Mavuta should, on Test debut, shoulder the burden of the spin-attack.
"I haven't seen him bowl too much," Campbell said of the young leg-spinner. "But from what I saw in South Africa, I think he is a huge prospect going forward. I mean, there is lots of different things he is going to have to learn. The tempo of Test match cricket is vastly different from one-day cricket; giving it more air, trying to spin it a bit more, setting batsmen up, that sort of thing. But I think he will enjoy bowling in Bangladesh. It is spin-friendly, and he has to get the pace of the wicket pretty quickly.
"I'm sure he will get a lot of guidance that way. Just a pity that Cremer is not on the tour because that will be a great mentoring process for him and feeding off Cremer's skills and what-not, learning from one of Zimbabwe's best.


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John Nash: Our school reforms. We want parents to be more involved in their children's education – not less.
By John Nash
Responding to Rashford
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Lord Nash is Parliamentary Under Secretary of State for Schools.
Earlier this month, we published our Education White Paper, setting out this Government's vision to transform England's schools and make sure that opportunity is extended to every single child everywhere, wherever they live and whatever their background.
It is a vitally important document that shows our determination to produce knowledgeable, skilled and confident young people ready to compete with their peers across the world. As a Government, we have high expectations for every child. We know that parents have high expectations for their children, too. But the truth is that for too long parents have been sidelined in our education system, when in reality they should be at the heart of school life.
The White Paper sets out our vision for a system which will empower pupils, parents; school leaders and governors, by making every school an academy. It puts power in the hands of those who know best – teachers and headteachers and their governing boards, rather than bureaucrats and officials. And we are creating a dynamic school-led system where parents have a more significant voice in schools and play an active role in their child's education.
High quality governance and leadership is especially important as we devolve more power from local and national government to schools – and it is critical to our vision of an autonomous school-led system. We want schools to be able to make the decisions about what is right for them – and this includes the expertise and experience that they need on their governing board. That is why we were clear in the White Paper that those on governing boards should be those with the right mix of skills to help improve schools and support leaders and not people chosen simply on the grounds that they represent one particular group, be that parents, the Local Authority or staff.
Unfortunately, this has led some to suggest the changes around reserved places for parent governors signal an end to parents acting as governors. This couldn't be further from the truth. We want parents to be more involved in their child's education – not less. We are not, and never have suggested parents should no longer sit on governing boards, and I know that many parents already play a valuable role in governance, and parents will always be encouraged to be governors or trustees.
Many parents have skills that make them very effective governors. All boards are and will continue to be free to appoint them as they see fit. But we want to enable academies to move from a model where parents are elected or appointed to governing boards for means of representation to one where they are chosen for their expertise. That means that academy trust boards should be able to appoint all their trustees for their skills, insight and knowledge rather than who they represent.
We don't want parents' voices to be restricted to only those serving on a governing board; I want parents to be at the very heart of our school system. We want to make sure that all parents are given the channels to make their voices heard, and I want them to feel confident that where the quality of their child's education isn't good enough – they have the routes to take action.
That is why our White Paper outlines a range of ways we are enabling parents to be more engaged with their children's education.
We will introduce a new expectation on every academy to put in place arrangements for meaningful engagement with all parents, so that they not only listen to but also act on their views and feedback. Many multi-academy trusts are already creating parent councils at each academy to engage meaningfully with parents while leaving the board of the MAT itself to focus on fully skills-based governance. This new expectation will compliment more regular surveys of parental satisfaction with their children's schools, which we will publish. We are also launching a Parent Portal to provide information on school performance, guidance on how the school system works and how to raise complaints. This new website will act as a one stop shop for parents so they know exactly how they can get involved in their child's education.
We're also making it easier for parents to navigate their way through the admissions process, and ensuring parents of children with special education needs play a stronger role deciding what support is best for their child.
Let me reassure parents that they not only have a valuable role to bring to governance, but that they are vital to our education system as a whole. Every parent deserves to know that their child goes to an excellent school – where they are being stretched to their full ability – and they deserve to know that where they aren't satisfied, they are empowered to make their voices heard. I hope as many parents as possible will join us to make that vision of educational excellence everywhere a reality.
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