Dylan Pearce played baseball at Southwestern Oregon Community College (SWOCC) starting in 2015. Pearce originally chose SWOCC because he loved the atmosphere and felt like it was the right place to be. He believes playing at this level with the NWAC, "gets you the experience you need to move on to the higher levels of sports." And that is just what he did. Pearce went on to play at the next level at Oregon State University (OSU). "The move from NWAC to NCAA is very different. The atmosphere is different, how we play, go about things, school, etc. I adjusted very well and was happy that I made it to the school I dedicated my life to playing for," says Pearce.
OSU Head Coach, Pat Casey, just completed his 24th season with the Beavers. He was named the National Head Coach of the Year by the Collegiate Baseball and American Baseball Coaches Association (ABCA) after leading the Beaver's baseball program to their third national championship in the College World Series. Pat Casey was recognized for this at Mariners pre-game on August 4th.
Jo Paine Joined the NWAC after her leave from Stetson University to join The Clackamas Cougars, where she earned a positive 11-5 record throughout the regular season. In her time playing for Clackamas Community College, she proved to be a consistent player, averaging a 46% field goal percentage, and a 70% free-throw percentage.
This allowed her to average 23.13 points per game with a 46 point high against Umpqua Community College (Feb. 13th), making her the second highest leading scorer in the league. She was also 2nd in the league for rebounds, maintaining an average of 12.27 per game. Even with these high stats she distributed the ball, breaking into the league's 3rd top spot for assists, earning 5.27 per game. With these exceptional stats, she obtained the award for Most Valuable Player in the southern region and was named the Baden Player of the Year.
As a Wildcat, Jo Paine has Started for just over half of games played in her junior year. She's shot an average of 12 points per game with a season high of 21 points against Cal State San Marcos (Dec. 3rd). Her 45% field goal is the 3rd highest on the team, and her 75% free-throw percentage has helped contribute to her consistent numbers. On the defensive end, she has averaged 6 rebounds and 1 block per game. She also racked up a season high of 12 defensive rebounds against Fresno Pacific (Nov. 22nd). Paine and the Wildcats finished the 2016-2017 season with a record of 15-12.
Dominique Jordan played for the Bellevue College Bulldogs during the 2014-2015 season. Throughout his year with the team, he put up an average of 16.08 points per game with a season high of 28 against Whatcom (Feb. 25). His field-goal percentage was 39%, while his 3-point percentage stayed very close behind at 37%. The 77% free-throw percentage he earned contributed to his consistent scoring. By the end of the regular season, he was named Most Valuable Player in the northern region and was also named the Baden Player of the Year of the Northwest Athletic Conference. Jordan and his team carried on to finish in 5th place during the NWAC Championships.
Jordan made a smooth transition from Bellevue to Idaho, maintaining good stats throughout his post NWAC career. In the 2015-2016 season, he clutched a 39% field goal percentage, while averaging 37% from behind the arc, with a 70% rating from the foul line. This led him to produce 10 points per game, with a high of 25 points scored against Southern Oregon (Jan.15th) making him the 3rd best scorer on the team. He also chipped in 2 assists per game. He was a starter for 27 games out of 30.
Jordan completed his senior year at the College of Idaho this season, maintaining a 37% field-goal percentage, and an even higher 3-point percentage at 40%. Jordan and his team finished with a strong regular season record of 15-5, and made it to the semi-finals of the Cascade Collegiate Conference.
While Demetrious Trammell played for Yakima Valley during the 2016 season, he maintained a high 3-point percentage of 51%, nearly good enough to match his overall field goal percentage of 52%. He accumulated an average of 17.6 points per game, and made 87% of shots from the free-throw line, with a career high of 36 points against Wenatchee Valley (Feb. 27th). This led him to snag a spot as a top 20 scorer in the NWAC, and earn 2nd team East Region honors. He helped the Yaks reach the NWAC playoffs, and advance to the final 8. In the three playoff games last year, Trammell averaged 19.3 points and shot 13/30 from the 3 point line.
Trammell's postseason performance in the 2016 tournament yielded him an average of 19.33 points per game, with a high of 33 against Columbia Basin (Mar. 12th). He shot a perfect 9/9 from the line and a solid 47% from the field. He accumulated the most points of all players playing 3 or less games, and his points per game average was 3rd overall among all players that played 2 or more games.
Trammell is currently a junior at Western Oregon, putting out a 9.4 scoring average, making him the 3rd leading scorer on the team. His 40.6% 3-point average is the highest on the team, and remains astoundingly close to his 42.5% overall field-goal percentage, which shows his ability to make shots regardless of distance. Demetrius is also one of Western's most reliable free throw shooters, at 80% from the stripe. This season, he scored a personal high of 21 points against Central Washington (Dec. 29th) and has helped the Wolves get to a 10-6 record in GNAC conference play. Demetrius is one of three former NWAC standouts on the Wolves' roster.
Averaged 18.1 points and 7.9 assists per game last season at Lane Community College ... named NWAC Tournament MVP after leading the Titans to the NWAC championship ... earned All-Southern Region First Team honors ... career at Lane, Snook scored 1,232 points, dished out 419 assists and had 382 rebounds ... shot 49 percent from the field, 32 percent from behind the 3-point line and 70 percent from the foul line ... holds multiple career records after two seasons as a Titan: scoring, assists, field-goals made (439) and free throws made (294) ... scored 30 or more points nine times in her Lane career, scoring 44 points as a single-game high, and had 10 or more assists in 16 game ... carries a 3.6 grade-point average on the academic vice president list and was awarded NWAC academic excellence.
Shebly has started in 21 of 22 games this season for the Wolves averaging team highs of 13.9 points per game, 3.0 assists per game and minutes per game with 34.3.
Snook is second in rebound per game (5.0) and third in steals with 22 on the season. She tallied a season high 31 points against St. Martin's University on December 3rd and had another 30 point performance against Montana State Billings on January 14. The Wolves currently have five former NWAC standouts on the roster.
Outdoor: Named to the Big Sky All-Academic team… At the Big Sky Outdoor Championships, placed 20th in the 3,000 meter steeplechase… Early in the season at WAR 9, Klemke earned the Al Manuel in the 5,000 with a personal best of 15:58… Also scored a personal best at the Pelluer Invitational in the 1,500 with a time of 4:05.
Named All-NWAC First Team in 2013…Earned team captain in 2014 and was honored as Second Team All-NWAC player…Won Player of the Week honors three separate times while at Walla Walla.
So far as a senior has started 21 matches out of 22 and has rallied with 166 total kills, currently averaging 3.41 digs per set good for second on the team, and leads the team with 24 service aces. Chantelle recorded a team-high of 10 kills and 7 digs in the 3-0 victory over Florida National on October 10. Chantelle was named Sun Conference Attacker of the Week for matches played between Oct. 3-9.
KU Seahawks are currently 18-4 overall and 5-3 in conference play.
The Seahawks are set to play their next match against Johnson & Wales University (Fla.) on October 26, 2016 [watch live].
During the Northwest Athletic Conference 2015 campaign, finished with 14 goals and 3 assists… finished with a team-high 31 points… named NWAC Southern Region MVP and assisted Chemeketa with a third-place finish in conference play.
Has appeared in all 10 games thus far in 2016… current statistics at EOU include 6 goals and 3 assists... Elvis scored 2 goals and had one assist in a victory over Walla Walla University.
EOU is currently 8-4-1 overall with their 8th conference game on October 14th against Rocky Mountain College. Full Men's Soccer standings can be found on the Cascade Conference Website.
During the 2015 season, appeared in 19 games and started in six… Scored a total of 3 goals, tying for third on the team along with tying for fourth in total points with eight… Assisted with the first goal of the season on August 21, 2015 against UTEP… Also tallied 2 game winning goals and one assist against the team's first match-up against University of Idaho… Was selected to the Big Sky All-Academic Team in 2015.
EWU is 10-1-2 on the season overall with their next game on October 14th against Southern Utah University. Other members of the EWU Women's Soccer team that are also former NWAC players include Madi Gale from Highline CC and Emily Busselman from Spokane CC.
Set the junior college national record in the 10,000 meters at the 2014 Mt. SAC Relays ... she ran a 34:29.36, breaking the national record by four seconds ... 2014 NWAC High Point Award winner at the NWAC Championships ... 2014 NWAC 1,500, 5,000, 10,000, and steeplechase champion ... 2013 NWAC 1,500 and 5,000 champion ... won the 2012 and 2013 NWAACC cross country titles ... ran a 17:51 in 2013, and a 17:59 in 2014 ... cross country All-American in 2013.
In her junior year, placed first at the Cross CountryErik Anderson Invitational, running unattached, with a time of 18:34 over the 5,000-meter course … during the indoor season, ran the sixth-best time in GU history a 9:55.46 at the UW Indoor Preview in the 3,000 meters … ran the third-fastest 5,000-meter indoor time at the Husky Classic at 17:00.66 … she opened the outdoor season with a first place finish in the 800 meters with a time of 2:18.85, and a second place finish in the 1,500 meters at the Buc Scoring Invite with a time of 4:35.88 … broke the school record and placed first at the Stanford Invitational in the 10,000 meters with a time of 33:40.82 … placed third at the Oregon Relays with a 5,000-meter time of 16:16.88, the fastest time in program history … ran the 10,000 meters at the NCAA West Preliminary.
Finished 5th overall at the 2014 NWAC Championships and 1st overall at the 2015 NWAC championships earning All-American honors in both years.
Placed 12th overall of 93 runners (7 schools) at the Clash of the Inland Northwest Invitational and 3rd overall on the team. At one of the largest meets in the nation, the Roy Griak Invitational at the University of Minnesota, James finished 153rd (2nd on the team) of 263 runners. The field consisted of 29 Division I teams including 7 of the top 30.
Helped Clackamas to the 2014 South Region Title with a perfect 10-0 league record and a 4th place finish at the Northwest Athletic Conference Championship tournament. On the season Megan tallied 133 kills and her .342 hitting percentage was the best on the team and 4th in the NWAC.
As a senior this season has started all 12 matches thus far with 62 total kills, 10 service aces, and leads the team with 11 total solo blocks. Minke's KU Seahawks are currently 10-2 on the season which in includes two undefeated runs through non-conference tournaments.
Led Spokane to the 2015 Northwest Athletic Conference Women's Soccer Championship…led the NWAC with 29 goals, breaking the CCS school record…named the NWAC East Region MVP and an East-West Region All-Star…also tallied 11 assists as CCS finished 16-2-1 in 2015…also competed in track and field for Spokane in the sprint and relay sprint events.
Has appeared in all 5 games thus far in 2016, leading the team in goals scored at 3. Alysha scored the lone goal [video] in a 1-0 victory over #13 ranked Santa Clara and scored two goals [video]in the 2-1 win over the University of Montana.
WSU is currently 3-2-1 & ranked 30th in the RPI, with Pac 12 play beginning on September 23rd against Colorado. Eight WSU soccer matches are currently slated to air on the Pac 12 Network.
Played two seasons at Peninsula College in Port Angeles, Washington... Named to the all-star team in both seasons and won back-to-back NWAC championships for the Pirates... Recorded 23 goals total and 12 assists.
Started 15 games for the Cavs as a junior… Made CU debut against Humboldt State on Sept. 4 where he scored a goal and added an assist… Finished second on the team with nine points after scoring three goals and adding three assists… Logged 1,293 minutes for fourth on the team… Played every minute in nine matches, including 110 minutes in a 3-3 tie versus MSU Billings and a 0-0 tie at home against Seattle Pacific… Took two of the team's three penalty kicks on the year, converting both chances.
Has started 1 of 2 matches thus far as a senior… Already logged a goal scoring on a PK against Hawaii Pacific in the 79th minute which gave Concordia the 2-1 win.
Concordia is 2-0-1 on the season with 3 games remaining before conference play begins on September 24th vs Montana State Billings. MSU Billings currently has two former NWAC players on it's roster including former Peninsula College teammate Victor Sanchez.
SENIOR (2016): Started 37-39 games so far this season… batted .529 (9-for-17) with a double, home run, five RBI and four multi-hit efforts over five games at the Husky Classic...went 2-for-4 against Bradley and followed with a 2-for-3 showing at Seattle University that included a double and a game-winning three-run homer (March 5)... hit two homers and drove in three runs against Texas Tech (March 20)... hit a solo homer in series opener against Fresno State (March 29)...posted her second two-HR game of the season in the finale against UNLV, going 2-for-3 with three RBI (April 10).
JUNIOR (2015): Started 47 of 50 games, batting .263 with four home runs, nine doubles and 17 RBI... went 3-for-3 with two solo home runs in win over Montana (March 7)... went 2-for-3 with a home run and two RBI in the second game of a doubleheader against UNLV (April 7)...had two hits, including a double, in the series finale in Vegas (April 8).
SOPHOMORE (2014): Named Northwest Athletic Conference (NWAC) Southern Region Most Valuable Player for the second year in a row...helped lead the Saints to 39-3 mark and the program's fourth NWAACC title...batted .481 with 63 hits, 14 home runs and 63 RBI.
FRESHMAN (2013): NWAC South Region Player of the Year...led the league with 21 home runs and 60 RBI...also named NFCA NWAC All-American, to All-NWAC South Region First Team and All-NWAC Tournament Team...helped lead the Saints to a 39-7 record in 2013, including 16-4 in conference play.
2016 (Senior): Started 30-30 games so far this season…used primarily as an outfielder, Gee had a .278 with 35 hits off of 126 plate appearances…scored 20 runs with 1 homerun and 17 RBIs…collected 11 stolen bases with 14 attempt.
2015 (Junior): Appeared in 48 games, starting 45 … used primarily as a outfielder, Gee had a .283 batting average with 45 hits and 14 RBIs during 159 plate appearances … recorded 13 multi-hit games, including four games with three hits … had a season-high two RBIs four times throughout the season … had one home run at Mississippi State (Feb. 21) … collected 12 stolen bases on 13 attempts … finished the season with 26 runs, 12 walks and seven doubles.
Pierce: Helped lead the Raiders to a Northwest Athletic Conference Championship (NWAC) in 2012 ... was named First Team All-NWAC in 2012 and 2014 and earned the NWAC West Division MVP in 2014 ... was named a First Team All-American ... teammate Elliot Morris is currently in the San Diego Padres Organization.
As a sophomore, helped the team capture the Northwest Athletic Association of Community Colleges Golf Championship…named a first-team all-conference player in the NWAACC …won four individual titles over two years with the Sasquatch…helped lead the team to 15-straight tournament titles during his freshman campaign.
Senior (2015-16) – Best finish through four tournaments was at the Itani Quality Homes Collegiate, where he tied for 19th as an individual and shot 1-under par in the first and third rounds…maintained a scoring average of 74.5.
Junior (2014-15) – Competed in five tournaments for the Cougars…at the Alister MacKenzie Invitational, Oct. 13-14, carded a single-round 64…the mark is a career-best and the second-best score in school history…best finish came at the Southwestern Intercollegiate, Sept. 8-9, tying for 21st…maintained a scoring average of 73.93.
Played one year at Columbia Basin…Won 5 Tournaments including the NWAC Championship where she shot 74(+2) and 72 (E) for a Total 146 (+2). Also won NWAC Player of the year award.
As a sophomore helped Eagles to a 10th place finish at the Thunderbird Invitational finishing T66 shooting 86 & 80 for a 166. Gave a solid performance at the Boulder Creek Invitational last month , finishing just outside of the top 20, tying for 22nd. She shot 239, with a low of 77 in the first round, and totals of 79 and 83 in the subsequent rounds.
Has recorded 100.1 innings pitched thus far as a junior with a 13-1 record… 126 total strikeouts (3 games with double digit strikeouts)… 1.79 ERA and twice named The Sun Conference Pitcher of the Week.
As a senior has started in 19 of 20 games with a .301 AVG, 10 RBI's, 22 H's, 21 R's, 13 BB's and 11 SB's… Fielding .979% with 33 PO's and 60 A's…CSUN currently has a 18-3 record with conference play set to begin April 1.
This season as a senior, started 19 of 23 games played…Shooting 42% FG…Averaging 9.5 ppg, 3.8 rpg, is second on the team with 50 total assists and leads the team in steals with 41 total… Linfield is currently 12-11, with their final games this weekend against Pacific and undefeated, top ranked George Fox.
As a senior, started 19 of 21 games played…Shooting 50% FG, 45% 3FG, and 76% FT…Averaging 15.4 ppg, 2.3 rpg, 5.3 apg (leads team) and 48 total steals (leads team)…Also leads team in 3 point field goals made…Named Cascade Conference Player of the Week… Warner Pacific is 14-4 in conference play and has clinched a birth to the post season.
Played two years at Bellevue College…earned MVP honors at the Bellevue Classic in both seasons...earned Second-Team All-NWAC honors as a freshman...earned First-Team All-NWAC honors during sophomore season and was selected to play in the NWAC All-Star Game...averaged 10 points, 4.5 rebounds, 1.8 steals per game, & totaled 28 blocks (13th in the NWAC) as a sophomore...led Bulldogs to conference championship and 5th place finish in NWAC championship tournament. Career best game came against Everett shooting 9/11 FT, 50% FG%, 23 pts, 9 rebounds, 2 steals, 1 blocked shot.
Last season as a junior, started in 25 of 28 games for the Beacons , averaged 7.8 ppg, 5.1 rpg (lead the team) and totaled 24 blocked shots (2nd on the team) and 34 steals (2nd on the team) on the season ... Season high game came on the last game of the year vs Corban, scored a game high 19 pts and 8 rebounds.
This season as a senior, started 13 of 14 games played…Averaging 6.2 ppg, 4.6 rpg and shooting 73% FT… NCU is currently 11-5, in Cascade Conference play (4th in standings) and has clinched a berth to the conference tournament.
First-team Northwest Athletic Conference Northern Region All-Star and All-Defensive Team pick as sophomore in 2012-13 ... Helped Tritons to 26-4 record, North Region title and championship game of NWAC Tournament ... First-team all-tournament choice ... Averaged 20.6 points, shooting 41 percent (61-of-150) from 3-point range, 5.3 assists and 4.6 rebounds ... Scored season-best 36 points versus Everett CC ... Did not compete as freshman in 2011-12 because of severe ankle sprain ... Played 2010-11 season at North Seattle Community College.
This season as a senior, has started in all 23 games…Averaging 16ppg (2nd on team & 7th in GNAC), 2.48 rpg, and 4.6 apg (1st on the team & 5th in the GNAC)…Shooting an even 50% from the floor (12th in the GNAC)… 76% from the FT line…2nd in GNAC in assist to turnover ratio…5th in GNAC minutes played…& ranks among the GNAC's top 25 in steals…WWU is currently 14-9 on the season and in contention to make the GNAC Tournament.
As a freshman in '12-'13 lead the team with 13.96 ppg & 6.46 rpg while also tallying 36 steals and 9 blocked shots on the season...Helped lead his team to a 2nd place finish in the south region, and a trip to the NWAC tournament… As a sophomore was named First Team South Region… Among the NWAC top 15 in scoring (19.1 ppg) and rebounding (8.3 rpg)…shot 48% from the field and added 21 blocks on the season… Top game included a 30 point, 12 rebound, 5 assist, and 4 blocks performance against Lane… lead team to a 21-9 overall record and a trip to the NWAC tournament.
This season as a senior, currently ranked in the NAIA top 25 in total steals (37) and rebounds (170)…Leads the Frontier Conference in Double-Doubles (7)… Averaging 15.6 ppg (leads team), 7.4 rpg (leads team) and shooting 52% FG. Recently named Frontier Conference Player of the Week where he shot 57% from the floor and averaged 25 points and 7.5 rebounds… Montana Western is currently 14-9 and is the 25th ranked team in the Nation.
Named First Team All-Southern Region and All-NWAC…Averaged 28 points and nearly six assists during the NWAC Championship Tournament...Set tournament and program records with 112 tournament points in four games...Scored 42 points in a victory against Skagit Valley...Led the NWAC in made 3-pointers (112), ranked second with 181 assists (6.2 apg), fifth with 545 points (18.8 ppg), and sixth grabbing 75 steals (2.6 spg).
Appeared in the final 17 games off the bench in her first season at Cal State East Bay...Knocked down at least one 3-pointer in final 15 games...Finished 33-of-95 (.347) from distance...Ranked second on team in 3-pointers made despite missing nearly half of season while recovering from injury...Averaged 7.2 points per game...Scored season-high 17 points in program's first ever CCAA postseason win (March 5)...Went 6-for-6 at free throw line in win over Cal Poly Pomona (March 5)...Scored in double figures four times...Made three 3-pointers in six different games...Finished with 123 points...Averaged 2.0 assists and 1.9 rebounds per game...Named East Bay Female Athlete of the Week (Jan. 27).
As a sophomore in '13-'14 named to North Region All-Defensive team ... averaged 15.1 ppg and 7.2 rpg during sophomore year ... had eight 20-point games with a season-high of 26 against Yakima Valley and 10 games of 10-plus assist with a season-best 17 vs. Lane CC ... led the NWAC in steals (3.14) and assists (8.57) that year ... named to the All-Tournament Team of the Green River Crossover Tournament ... was the Defensive Player of the Year ... guided Trojans to the Clackamas Holiday Tournament championship and was named MVP ... was the NWAC Co-Player of the Week (Feb. 17) ... was second in the NWAC in assists during freshman year (6.2).
Played in 24 games this season, making 4 starts… Averaging 4.8 ppg, 2.8 rpg, 1.8 apg, and 1.4 spg on 42% FG in 15 minutes per game. Had 7 steals vs Dixie State and season best performance of 4 assists, 5 steals, and 15 points in win over Holy Names.
As a freshman, averaged 8.7 ppg, 1.5 apg, 2.8 rpg, and 1.1 spg helping Chemeketa reach the NWAC tournament, finishing in 4th Place. As a sophomore, averaged 13.6 ppg, shooting 92% from the FT line. Also added 1.9 apg, 3.9 rpg, and 1.7 spg. Earned South Region All First team honors while again leading Chemeketa to a 4th place finish at the NWAC tournament.
Currently as a senior, has started all 21 games for EOU, averaging 11.8 ppg, 3.5 rpg, 2.0 apg, and 2.0 spg (8th in the Cascade Conference). Klebaum is also 8th in the Conference in 3FG made (53). Season best game came last Saturday against Corban, Jordan scored 22 points, knocking down 6 3's and adding 7 assists, and 4 steals. EOU is currently 14-8 on the season, 10-3 (3rd) in conference play.
Played in all 31 games, as a junior... averaged 12.23 points and shot 42 FG%, 42 3FG%, & 86 FT% ... 4th in the Frontier Conference in 3FG% and 3rd in FT%... Was ranked 26th in all of NAIA D-I in 3FG%... Played in all 18 games thus far as a senior helping his team to a 13-5 overall record…Averaging 12.4 ppg, 4.3 rpg, and 1.06 spg.
Coach Huse had this to say about Warren, "Warren is an extremely competitive guy with that rare ability to break a game wide open with his shooting. We look forward to seeing him shine in his senior year as he is one that puts a tremendous amount of off-season work into his game."
Named NWAC West Region MVP...Averaged 16.8 ppg, 8.03 rpg, 2.83 apg, and 2.47 spg, helping her team advance to a 5th place finish at the NWAC tournament... Posted 9 double-double nights, including an 11 rebound, 22 point performance over rival Lower Columbia in the NWAC tournament.
Led the Wildcats in rebounding (144) and blocks (17) in 2014-15…Third on the team in scoring (9.3 ppg)…Scored in double digits in 12 games while posting a pair of double-doubles…Poured in a season-high 19 points Jan. 24 vs. Cal State Monterey Bay…As a senior has started the last 6 games for the Wild Cats and has appeared in all 15 games. Averaging 9.8 ppg, 3.0 rpg, 1.3 spg, and shooting 77% FT.
Averaged 12.2 ppg, 6.9 rpg, 2.2 bpg (4th in the NWAC)…63.9 FG% 2nd in NWAC…Named to first-team all NWAC…first-team West Region, and West Region Defensive Player of the Year.
Played in all 26 games as a junior and started 18…lead the GNAC in FG% .707 (129/183)… 2nd in the GNAC in blocked shots 69 total (2.7 per game)…Lead the team with 47 total offensive rebounds…Averaged 12.1 ppg, 5.5 rpg in 24 minutes per game…As a senior this year has started in 9 of 10 games…averaging 17.0 ppg, 7.0 rpg, and has totaled 27 blocked shots…Stroud is currently 5th in the GNAC in scoring, 7th in rebounding, 6th in offensive rebounds, 2nd in FG% (.616) and 1st in blocked shots...The Wildcats are 3-2 in conference play with an 8-2 overall record…Recently Stroud recorded 11 points, 7 rebounds, 4 assists, and 2 blocked shots in the CWU 81-77 upset win of #3 nationally ranked Western Oregon.
As a junior voted Cal State East Bay Female Newcomer of the Year...Started all 31 games as team's point guard...Scored go-ahead 3-pointer in program's first ever CCAA postseason victory (March 5)...Averaged 5.2 points, 3.8 rebounds, 3.0 assists, and 1.4 steals per game...Scored career-high 13 points twice...Posted 13 points in 17 minutes against San Francisco State (Feb. 7)...Dished out season-high six assists in two games...Ranked second on squad with 95 assists...Grabbed 11 rebounds against Cal State San Bernardino (Feb. 20)...Earned CCAA All-Academic Team honors.
As a senior averaging 11.4 ppg, 5.3 rpg, 4.1 apg…FT% (.860) is a team best and 4th in the CCAA…Recently coming off of a 20 point, 5 rebound, 3 assist, 63 FG% performance against CCAA opponent Stanislaus State…Cal State East Bay is currently 5-0 in conference play and 11-2 on the season.
Two-time NWAC West Region First Team member...NWAC All-Defensive Team as a freshman...Averaged 11.6 points, 4.1 rebound and 3.5 assists as a sophomore...Helped Red Devils finish 22-7, take runner-up in the West Region and place sixth in the NWAC Women's Basketball Championship...Voted to the NWAC Sophomore All-Star Game...Averaged 11.0 points, 4.2 rebounds and 3.6 assists as a freshman...Tallied 35 career double-figure scoring games...Career-high 30 points during sophomore season...Also compiled single-game, career bests of 11 assists and 10 rebounds.
Appeared in 16 games with 16 starts as a junior ... Lead the team in 3-point shooting percentage (.354%) ... Second amongst Nanooks in assists with 48 ... Averaged 8.8 points per game ... Tallied 11 steals, 2 blocks and 44 rebounds ... Career high points with 17 on Jan. 8 against Saint Martin's ... Tied for third amongst Nanooks in minutes per game (25.7). Has started in all 13 games as a senior for the 5-8 Nanooks…Averaging 8.8 points, 2.3 rebounds, 3.5 assists, and 1.2 steals in 29.2 minutes per game. Matched her career high of 17 points on Dec. 19 against UC San Diego. Currently leads the team in assists with 46 total on the year.


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St. Paul United Methodist Church
4014 Garden Drive, Knoxville, TN 37918
Partner Ministries
Rev. Timothy Best, Pastor
Pastor Tim grew up in Northeast Ohio and attended Emory & Henry College. While a student he discerned a calling to pastor churches in East Tennessee and Southwest Virginia. Pastor Tim earned his Master of Divinity from Duke Divinity School. Tim is married to Christina, an elementary school teacher. They have two children and two dogs. Pastor Tim's vocational passions include leading communities in Christian worship and helping churches to discover their calling to serve God in the midst of the world. Personal interests include walking, biking, backpacking, reading and trying new recipes for the grill and smoker.
Jim Kennedy, Music Director
Jim Kennedy began his directing career at his home church in 1975. In addition this career, with a masters degree in Choral Conducting from UT School of Music, he also has thought music in the Knox County School system since 1982 serving eight years at Rule High School and 27 years at Powell High School where he is presently employed. Jim lives in Maryville with his son, Nolan.
Sylvia Duquet, organist/pianist
Sylvia has been a organist / pianist since the age of 18, performing and accompanying for denominations nationwide, receiving her training from the South's leading "Theatre Organist" in her hometown of Tampa, Florida, and serving as military musician at Ft. Sill, Oklahoma during the Vietnam War. Sylvia is delighted to serve St. Paul's healthy spiritual family.
George Byrge, Custodian
George grew up in Fountain City, just a few streets over from the church and is very commited to the community. A jack of all trades, in his spare time, he enjoys restoring Chevy trucks and listening to live music.
St. Paul on Facebook
Holston Conference

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Dietary fat and cardiometabolic health: evidence, controversies, and consensus for guidance
Nita G Forouhi, professor1, Ronald M Krauss, professor2, Gary Taubes, journalist3, Walter Willett, professor4
Although difficulties in nutrition research and formulating guidelines fuel ongoing debate, the complexities of dietary fats and overall diet are becoming better understood, argue Nita G Forouhi and colleagues
In past decades, dietary guidance has almost universally advocated reducing the intake of total and saturated fat, with the emphasis shifting more recently from total fat to the replacement of saturated fat with polyunsaturated fats and the elimination of trans fat. These recommendations and the link between fat consumption and the risk of cardiovascular disease have been among the most vexed issues in public health: are dietary fats "villains," are they benign, or are they even "heroes" that could help us consume better overall diets and promote health? And, which dietary fats fit into which category?
The medical literature is still full of articles arguing opposing positions. For example, in 2017, after a review of the evidence, the American Heart Association Presidential Advisory strongly endorsed that "lowering intake of saturated fat and replacing it with unsaturated fats, especially polyunsaturated fats, will lower the incidence of CVD".1Three months later, the 18-country observational Prospective Rural Urban Epidemiology (PURE) Study concluded much the opposite: "Total fat and types of fat were not associated with cardiovascular disease, myocardial infarction, or cardiovascular disease mortality".2 The devil, as always, is in the detail, including the inherent complexity of human diets, methodological considerations, and the role of bias and confounding.
This article takes a critical look at the evolution of scientific understanding about dietary fats and health, the difficulties of establishing public health dietary guidelines, and what the current advice should be for dietary fat consumption. Although the focus is on cardiovascular disease, we also consider other outcomes, including weight gain and obesity, type 2 diabetes, and cancer.
History, evolution, and current understanding of dietary fat and health
The public health debate about dietary fats and health has been ongoing for over 60 years. The "diet-heart hypothesis" (box 1) has been the focus of discussions on dietary fat and health because coronary heart disease has been and remains the main cause of death worldwide.
Diet-heart hypothesis
The seemingly simple diet-heart hypothesis was first proposed by nutritionist Ancel Keys in the early 1950s. The hypothesis outlined a sequence of relationships in which a fatty diet elevates serum cholesterol levels, leading to atherosclerosis and myocardial infarction. The focus of the hypothesis soon shifted from the total fat consumed in the diet to the more nuanced idea that saturated fats should be replaced by polyunsaturated fats and the benefits of replacing animal fats with vegetable fats were advocated. Total cholesterol as the atherogenic biomarker was later replaced by cholesterol subfractions: the cholesterol in low density lipoproteins and high density lipoproteins, and serum levels of triglycerides. That science, too, has continued to evolve in complexity with further research (fig 1).
Pathophysiological and genetic studies and randomised clinical trials with different cholesterol lowering drugs have led to a consensus that low density lipoprotein (LDL) particles are a cause of coronary heart disease.3 The effect of saturated fat on LDL cholesterol levels145 and the association of LDL with coronary heart disease13 have led to the inference that dietary saturated fat directly promotes the development of coronary heart disease. However, direct evidence of the benefits of lowering cholesterol or LDL cholesterol by changing the fat content of the diet is lacking. Meta-analyses and systematic reviews still place emphasis on the results of a few small trials done 40 to 50 years ago, supplemented by the observations of prospective epidemiological cohort studies.46789 This evidence has not been sufficient to resolve controversies as both the randomised trials and the observational evidence have many methodological and interpretive problems. Moreover, as the science has evolved, fat consumption itself and its relation with health have become more complex.
Fat is not just fat
Despite decades of dietary advice that the lower the total fat content, the healthier the diet, researchers and public health authorities now agree that to consider the effect of total fat intake alone on health is meaningless; different types of fats must be considered (box 2).
Dietary fats and their food sources
Dietary fats are mostly triglycerides, with each triglyceride molecule containing three fatty acids on a glycerol backbone
The structure and function of dietary fatty acids can vary greatly depending on chain length (6-24 carbon units); number of double bonds—saturated (with no double bonds), monounsaturated, or polyunsaturated; and whether the double bonds are in a cis (same side) or trans (opposite side) position
Polyunsaturated fats with double bonds that are 3 carbon atoms or 6 carbons from the n-terminal end of the fatty acid (n-3 or n-6, respectively) are considered essential—that is, they must be obtained from the diet because they are not synthesised in the body. Both have important structural and physiological functions
Different fatty acids have distinct biochemical properties and can therefore produce different metabolic and physiological effects with different clinical manifestations, such as cardiovascular, neurological, or other
Food sources of dietary fats
Food sources of individual fatty acids vary within each class. For instance, within the omega 3 polyunsaturated fatty acid class, alpha linolenic acid comes from plants, including some nuts and seeds such as walnuts and linseed, whereas eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid come mostly from fish and other marine sources
Many food sources contain different types of fatty acids. For example, olive oil is a good source of monounsaturated fatty acids but also contains saturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids in smaller proportions. Animal products are rich in saturated fats but some also contain large proportions of monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids
To produce public health guidelines on which foods to eat or avoid to reduce the risk of chronic disease is complicated because dietary fats are typically mixtures of different types of fatty acids. Animal fats, for instance, are the main sources of saturated fats in many modern diets, but some animal fats are higher in monounsaturated fats than saturated fats, and polyunsaturated fats in vegetable oils will typically contain both omega 3 and omega 6 fatty acids in different concentrations. Hence, conclusions about the health effects of saturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids are unlikely to consistently translate to the health effects of the fats, oils, and foods in which those fatty acids are present.
Foods are not just nutrients
The scientific investigation of nutrients (both macro- and micronutrients) is essential for understanding pathophysiological mechanisms of disease. However, people do not consume isolated nutrients and the foods they eat are more than the sum of their nutrients.
Synergism and interactions between different components of foods together with the degree of processing and preparation or cooking methods lead to a "food matrix" effect which is not captured by considering single nutrients. Different types of food that are high in saturated fats are likely to have different effects on health. For example, dairy products and processed meats, both high in saturated fats, are differentially associated with many health outcomes in prospective epidemiological studies, often in opposite directions.10 One explanation for this divergence is that despite their similar fat content, other components of these two food groups are associated with different health effects. For example, dairy products contain minerals such as calcium and magnesium and have probiotic features if fermented, whereas processed red meat has a high salt and preservative content.
The potential for residual confounding from lifestyle, dietary, and socioeconomic factors and bias in observational research limits causal interpretation. However, it is also unlikely that randomised clinical trials of individual foods or food groups for disease endpoints will be possible, not least because of the problems of sample size, adherence, dose, duration, and cost. For this reason, dietary guidance is usually derived from analysis and synthesis of different types of evidence.
Nutrient replacement
Within overall diets, eating less of one macronutrient implies eating more of others to keep calorie intake the same. Dietary manipulations in clinical trials always involve multiple variables. If total fat reduction is the intervention in a randomised trial, any effect observed could depend on the replacement source of energy, whether it is mainly carbohydrate or protein or a combination of the two. The quality of the replacement macronutrient (for instance, highly refined grains versus whole grains) can also influence the observed effect. If reduction of saturated fat but not total fat is the intervention, the effect will differ depending on whether the replacement fat is a mostly polyunsaturated fat, in which case whether an omega 3 or omega 6 polyunsaturated fatty acid, or a mostly monounsaturated fat such as from olive oil.
The same principles apply to observational studies, when statistical models of associations between diet and disease need to adjust for total energy intake. In recent years, most observational studies have done this, but the comparison sources of energy (eg, carbohydrate or unsaturated fats) are often not specified.
In meta-analyses of observational studies that adjust for total calorie intake, higher intakes of polyunsaturated fatty acids in place of saturated fatty acids were associated with a lower risk of coronary heart disease.61112Similar findings were seen for total and cardiovascular mortality in 128 000 men and women followed for up to 32 years with repeated measures of diet.13 Replacing saturated fatty acids with polyunsaturated fatty acids has been part of dietary guidelines since the 1970s and has led to modest reductions in saturated fat intake and an increase in plant oil consumption in the US (eg, polyunsaturated fatty acid intake increased from about 3% to 7% of energy intake) at a time when coronary heart disease mortality fell by nearly 75%.14 At a minimum, these findings support the safety of these dietary changes, although the benefits of changing the type of fat are difficult to quantify because of changes in other factors such as other aspects of diet, smoking, and emergency medical services.
A global perspective on the health effects of dietary fats and other macronutrients was provided by the PURE study, which included 135 335 individuals in 18 countries.2 Higher intakes of total fat and saturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated fatty acids individually were associated with lower total mortality but not with cardiovascular disease mortality or incidence, except for inverse associations of saturated fatty acids with the incidence of stroke. In contrast, higher carbohydrate intake was non-linearly associated with increased total mortality; in nutrient substitution analyses, only the replacement of carbohydrate with polyunsaturated fats was associated with lower mortality. Although limited by the observational study design, these findings add to the concern about guidelines that focus on limiting the intake of total and saturated fats, particularly without considering the replacement nutrient.
Taken together, a single nutrient approach can be misleading both in the interpretation of research findings and in the health implications of translating results into dietary guidelines and public health programmes.
Importance of lipid components in the diet-heart hypothesis
As the diet-heart hypothesis evolved in the 1960s and 1970s, the focus shifted from the effect of dietary fat on total cholesterol to LDL cholesterol. However, changes in LDL cholesterol are not an actual measure of heart disease itself. Any dietary intervention might influence other, possibly unmeasured, causal factors that could affect the expected effect of the change in LDL cholesterol. This possibility is clearly shown by the failure of several categories of drugs to reduce cardiovascular events despite significant reductions in plasma LDL cholesterol levels.151617 LDL cholesterol can also be reduced through diet in ways that do not reduce the risk of coronary heart disease; for instance, when saturated fat is replaced by carbohydrates, this lowers LDL cholesterol but also reduces HDL cholesterol and increases triglycerides.5 In the past, these effects were considered less important as researchers and the pharmaceutical industry focused on the effect of the reduction of LDL cholesterol.
Since the 1980s, studies on the LDL cholesterol biomarker itself and the effects of dietary fats on other biomarkers of disease have revealed a more complicated situation. Researchers now widely recognise the existence of a range of LDL particles with different physicochemical characteristics, including size and density, and that these particles and their pathological properties are not accurately measured by the standard LDL cholesterol assay.18 Hence assessment of other atherogenic lipoprotein particles (either LDL alone, or non-HDL cholesterol including LDL, intermediate density lipoproteins, and very low density lipoproteins, and the ratio of serum apolipoprotein B to apolipoprotein A1) have been advocated as alternatives to LDL cholesterol in the assessment and management of cardiovascular disease risk.17192021 Moreover, blood levels of smaller, cholesterol depleted LDL particles appear more strongly associated with cardiovascular disease risk than larger cholesterol enriched LDL particles,22 while increases in saturated fat intake (with reduced consumption of carbohydrates) can raise plasma levels of larger LDL particles to a greater extent than smaller LDL particles.22 In that case, the effect of saturated fat consumption on serum LDL cholesterol may not accurately reflect its effect on cardiovascular disease risk. While polyunsaturated fats and monounsaturated fats reduce LDL cholesterol levels, their effects on cardiovascular disease risk factors that are associated with lipoprotein particles are less clear. Although uncertainty exists about the causal role, if any, of elevated triglycerides or low HDL cholesterol levels in coronary heart disease, there has been continued interest because of their association with insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome, and their relevance in global populations.1923 Notably, these lipid markers improve—that is, triglycerides decrease or HDL cholesterol increases—when saturated, monounsaturated, or polyunsaturated fats replace carbohydrates.
Trans unsaturated fatty acids (trans fats) are an example of a fatty acid category whose effects on lipid biomarkers of cardiovascular disease risk are consistent with their association with cardiovascular disease events in prospective cohort studies. When substituted for other macronutrients, these fatty acids, such as those in industrially produced hydrogenated oils, have been shown to increase levels of LDL cholesterol and the number of atherogenic lipoproteins (LDL and very low density lipoproteins), while also increasing triglycerides and reducing HDL cholesterol and LDL particle size.24
To complicate the relation further, dietary fatty acid composition may affect the risk of cardiovascular disease independently of these lipid biomarkers, specifically through the effects on inflammation, endothelial function, thrombosis, ventricular arrhythmias, and blood pressure. However, as reviewed recently,25 insufficient evidence exists to draw firm conclusions about the effects of fatty acid type on these factors (fig 1).
Diet-heart hypothesis and current understanding. HDL: high density lipoprotein, HDLc: high density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL: low density lipoprotein
Finally, consideration must be given to the role of personal factors that may alter the effect of dietary fat on LDL cholesterol and other lipids. For example, evidence from clinical trials suggests that saturated fat may have little effect on LDL cholesterol levels in people with obesity.2627 Moreover, the possibility of differing effects of dietary fats on lipids in racial and ethnic subgroups has not been systematically evaluated.
Beyond cardiovascular disease
In the 1960s and 1970s, national per capita intakes of total and saturated fat correlated with rates of cancers of the breast, colon, prostate, and other common cancers in Western countries. Although the ecological findings were potentially confounded by many aspects of diet and lifestyle, and no clear biological basis was shown, these findings were used to support widespread dietary recommendations to reduce total fat intake.28 Later prospective cohort studies with follow-up of up to 20 years have not found positive associations between total fat intake and the incidence of these cancers,29 nor have large clinical trials, most notably, the Women's Health Initiative.30 However, the Women's Health Initiative may not be informative because the blood lipid fractions of participants randomised to a low fat diet did not change, which raises questions about adherence to the diet. In another trial in which participants did show the expected change in blood lipids with a low fat diet, no effect on breast cancer incidence was observed.31 A comprehensive review of the literature by the World Cancer Research Fund and the American Institute for Cancer Research concluded that no convincing or probable relation exists between intakes of total or saturated fat and risk of any form of cancer.32 An association between omega 6 intake and cancer incidence is also not supported.
Weight gain and obesity
The assumption that diets high in fat promote weight gain is based on the relative energy density of macronutrients—9 kcal/g for fat compared with 4 kcal/g for carbohydrate or protein. This assumption, however, ignores the important role of macronutrients in hunger and satiety and in pathways regulating fuel partitioning, fat storage, and fatty acid metabolism. Randomised trials of diet and weight loss are easier to conduct than trials that have chronic disease as the outcome because they can be shorter and require far fewer participants. However, several design issues are important in interpreting trial findings. For example, many people initially comply with the intervention diets when they start in a trial and lose weight but regain much of that weight by one year. Because long term weight control is of interest, trials should last a minimum of one year and ideally two years or longer. Moreover, dietary interventions such as counselling, monitoring, feedback, and support can help with weight loss independently of the specific dietary advice because of healthier eating, and this complicates interpretation. Control diet groups should receive a similar intervention.
In studies where the intensity of intervention was similar for the diets tested, participants randomised to low carbohydrate, high fat diets lost about 1.5 kg more weight than those in the low fat group.33 Diets higher in fat and restricted in carbohydrate seem to help weight loss28 but dietary adherence is a critical factor in the effectiveness of any diet.34 Another relevant factor for weight loss is diet quality. A trial comparing diets high in carbohydrates or fats showed an equal amount of weight loss by participants when consuming whole and natural food sources while avoiding sugar, sugary drinks, refined grains, trans fats, and processed foods in general.35
Maintaining a healthy weight to prevent obesity is also important. The typical weight gain in many Western countries is about 0.5 kg a year, which seems small but by age 50 this results in weight levels that are associated with important health risks.36 Few randomised trials have examined the effects of diet on long term weight gain in people who are initially not overweight. In prospective observational studies, a simple design assessing baseline diet in relation to long term weight change is not optimal because many people change their diet during follow-up; a longitudinal design examining the change in diet with change in weight is preferable. Evidence is sparse, but an analysis in the Nurses' Health Study suggested that intakes of saturated and trans fat were positively associated with weight gain in women who were normal weight at the start, while intakes of mono and polyunsaturated fat (mainly omega 6) were not; total fat intake was only weakly associated with weight gain.37
Taken together, the evidence does not support a benefit of low fat diets for weight loss or prevention of overweight compared with low carbohydrate diets. Other aspects of diet may have a greater influence on long term weight control, including the quantity and quality of carbohydrate intake; thus any effect of fat is likely to depend on its food source and the overall dietary pattern.
A combination of insulin resistance and an inadequate capacity to secrete insulin leads to the development of type 2 diabetes, with adiposity a critical risk factor. Prospective studies report little association between total fat consumption and risk of diabetes but an association may exist, as with cardiovascular disease, for type of fat. The findings of a few short term feeding trials (usually lasting four weeks, with some up to 16 weeks) that assessed intermediate endpoints support this evidence. Evidence from randomised controlled trials suggests that industrially produced trans fats increase inflammatory factors and adversely affect lipid levels, but no or inconclusive evidence was found for an effect on markers of glucose homoeostasis.3839 Evidence from prospective studies suggests that intake of industrially produced trans fats is positively associated with the incidence of type 2 diabetes, while the intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids is inversely associated.440 More specifically, a blood biomarker of the most abundant omega 6 fatty acid, linoleic acid, is inversely associated with the incidence of type 2 diabetes.4142 Despite promising studies in animals, diets rich in marine omega 3 fatty acids have not been shown in humans to reduce insulin resistance or the incidence of type 2 diabetes. However, biomarker studies point to an inverse association between blood omega 3 fatty acids (alpha linolenic acid) derived from plants and type 2 diabetes.4143 Because the type of dietary carbohydrate may also affect the risk of diabetes, any relation between dietary fat and type 2 diabetes may depend on the quantity and quality of carbohydrate as well.
Moving from controversy to consensus
Two related issues have caused the most controversy about the relative roles of saturated fats and polyunsaturated fats and the evidence for making public health recommendations.
Since the 1960s, the evidence has suggested that replacing saturated fats in the diet with polyunsaturated fats reduces the risk of chronic disease and premature death. In practice this means replacing red and processed meat and high fat dairy with fish, nuts, and seeds, and replacing animal fats such as butter and lard with vegetable oils such as corn, sunflower, soy, rapeseed, or olive oils. The PREDIMED study, a large primary prevention randomised controlled trial on people at high risk of cardiovascular disease, reported that increased intake of extra virgin olive oil or nuts with a Mediterranean diet significantly reduced the incidence of cardiovascular disease compared with a low fat dietary advice group.44 However, while the intake of unsaturated fats increased in both the olive oil and nut arms and may therefore have contributed to the clinical outcomes, there was no nutrient substitution for saturated fats and their intake was not reduced compared with the low fat dietary advice group. How this evidence should be interpreted and applied remains controversial.
Since 2000, clinical trials lasting up to two years have suggested that low carbohydrate diets in which total and saturated fat replaces the carbohydrate content of the diet have beneficial effects on overweight as well as on lipid risk factors such as HDL cholesterol and triglycerides (but not LDL cholesterol) and on risk factors for type 2 diabetes.4546 Here, we ourselves disagree on the significance and interpretation of these trials because long term trial evidence is not available, definitions of low carbohydrate vary substantially across studies, and few clinical trial data exist on the incidence of clinical endpoints (see related article in this series on diet and management and prevention of type 2 diabetes).47
These controversies arise largely because existing research methods cannot resolve them. In the current scientific model, hypotheses are treated with scepticism until they survive rigorous and repeated tests. In medicine, randomised controlled trials are considered the gold standard in the hierarchy of evidence because randomisation minimises the number of confounding variables. Ideally, each dietary hypothesis would be evaluated by replicated randomised trials, as would be done for the introduction of any new drug. However, this is often not feasible for evaluating the role of diet and other behaviours in the prevention of non-communicable diseases.
One of the hypotheses that requires rigorous testing is that changes in dietary fat consumption will reduce the risk of non-communicable diseases that take years or decades to manifest. Clinical trials that adequately test these hypotheses require thousands to tens of thousands of participants randomised to different dietary interventions and then followed for years or decades until significant differences in clinical endpoints are observed. As the experience of the Women's Health Initiative suggests, maintaining sufficient adherence to assigned dietary changes over long periods (seven years in the Women's Health Initiative) may be an insurmountable problem. For this reason, among others, when trials fail to confirm the hypotheses they were testing, it is impossible to determine whether the failure is in the hypothesis itself, or in the ability or willingness of participants to comply with the assigned dietary interventions. This uncertainty is also evident in diet trials that last as little as six months or a year.
In the absence of long term randomised controlled trials, the best available evidence on which to establish public health guidelines on diet often comes from the combination of relatively short term randomised trials with intermediate risk factors (such as blood lipids, blood pressure, or body weight) as outcomes and large observational cohort studies using reported intake or biomarkers of intake to establish associations between diet and disease.48 Although a controversial practice, many, if not most, public health interventions and dietary guidelines have relied on a synthesis of such evidence. Many factors need to be considered when using combined sources of evidence that individually are inadequate to formulate public health guidelines, including their consistency and the likelihood of confounding, the assessment of which is not shared universally. The level of evidence required for public health guidelines may differ depending on the nature of the guideline itself.
The controversies over the effects of replacing saturated fatty acids with polyunsaturated fatty acids—reduced consumption of animal fats, increased consumption of vegetable oils—and the significance of the evidence from trials of very low carbohydrate, high fat diets suggest both "additive" and "subtractive" nutritional approaches to prevention of cardiovascular disease (box 3). Both depend on assumptions about the nature of biological normality in human diets. The replacement of saturated fats with polyunsaturated fats implies that saturated fat as a nutrient causes disease and is being reduced and/or that the consumption of vegetable oils is healthy and without long term risks. Box 4 appraises the debate about the role of omega 6 and omega 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and the use of plant oils. The consumption of very low carbohydrate, high fat diets assumes that high levels of dietary fat and saturated fat can be consumed for a lifetime without the risks outweighing the benefits. A point of controversy is whether such assumptions can be accepted without long term clinical trials of the kind that would be required for a pharmaceutical means of prevention. This controversy might be resolved by longer term clinical trials, but the cost and methodological and ethical challenges of such dietary trials suggest they may never be done.
Public health preventive measures can be divided into two main categories.
Subtractive—Rose described this as "the removal of an unnatural factor and the restoration of biological normality".49 For coronary heart disease, this would include smoking prevention or cessation and, more recently, the near elimination of industrially produced trans fatty acids through a combination of information, advice, and regulation. Despite the absence of long term randomised controlled trials to support the benefits of these interventions, the evidence from observational studies and, in the case of trans fats, short term feeding trials is considered sufficiently consistent to support these public health interventions.
Additive—Rose described this as "not removing a supposed cause of disease but adding some other unnatural factor, in the hope of conferring protection".49 Additive measures for coronary heart disease would include a high intake of polyunsaturated fats and long term medication. Rigorous testing would be required as for any pharmaceutical therapy to ensure long term safety and that harm does not outweigh benefit.
Role of omega 6 and omega 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in health
Both omega 6 and omega 3 are essential fatty acids and are intrinsic to cell membranes and the structure of the central nervous system. They are precursors of eicosanoids, which are involved in inflammation, cardiac rhythm, thrombosis, vascular function, and many other processes. Evidence suggests, but is inconsistent, that adequate intake of omega 3 fatty acids reduces cardiac arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death. Concerns have been raised that omega 6 polyunsaturated fats are pro-inflammatory but this is not supported by controlled feeding studies and large cross sectional observations.50 In a follow-up study of over 128 000 men and women for up to 32 years, higher intake of linoleic acid (the most abundant omega 6 fatty acid) was associated with lower risks of coronary heart disease, cancer, and total mortality.13 The inverse association between linoleic acid intake and risk of cardiovascular disease and overall death is approximately linear up to about 8% of energy, beyond which data are lacking.13 Notably, linoleic acid levels in blood, a direct marker of dietary intake, were inversely associated, with the incidence of type 2 diabetes in prospective studies but arachidonic acid was not.4151 In contrast, blood omega 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids were modestly inversely associated with coronary heart disease52 but the association with type 2 diabetes varied by subtype: plant origin omega 3 fatty acid (alpha linolenic acid) was inversely associated while marine origin omega 3 fatty acids were not.41
Use of plant oils to replace saturated fatty acids
With the exception of the cardiovascular benefit44 of extra virgin olive oil (comprised predominantly of oleic acid, a monounsaturated fat), which has been used for thousands of years in Mediterranean countries, most of the literature on the effects of plant oils on the risk of cardiovascular disease and other outcomes has examined intakes of specific fatty acids. These oils contain a combination of saturated, monounsaturated, and omega 6 and omega 3 fatty acids but the proportions vary greatly. Plant oils also contain other minor constituents, including polyphenols and antioxidants, which may influence the effect of oil consumption on disease risk. A reduction in cardiovascular mortality was observed in the older randomised trials that used plant oils containing both omega 6 and omega 3 fatty acids to replace saturated fat.53 Recent publications from the Sydney Diet Heart Study and the Minnesota Coronary Trial raise questions about very high intakes of plant oils containing only omega 6 fatty acids.5354 The concerns raised are complex and discussed elsewhere.1 The safety of long term use of polyunsaturated plant oils was supported by a significant inverse association between the intake of polyunsaturated plant oils and all-cause mortality at 32 years of follow-up; no increase in risk was seen for any outcome.13 Evidence also exists that rapeseed (canola) oil reduces the risk of coronary heart disease: most notably, rapeseed oil was the primary intervention in the Lyon Heart Study of secondary prevention of coronary heart disease, which reduced recurrent cardiovascular disease or death by about 70%.55 Other specific types of oil, including corn, sunflower, coconut oil, and palm oils, have not been well studied. Although a recent report suggests that coconut oil compared with butter results in a more favourable lipid profile (lower LDL, higher HDL cholesterol), and compared with olive oil was equivalent in lipid effects,56 further research is needed in large long term trials and current recommendations on caution about use should be upheld.1 Some plant oils, including corn and sunflower oil, have little omega 3 content. If these are the primary oils consumed and intake of omega 3 fatty acids from fish and other sources is low, this could result in inadequate intake of these essential fatty acids with possible adverse effects on cardiovascular disease and other outcomes. Also, to benefit from the use of unsaturated oils assumes that they are not partially hydrogenated as this (and some other industrial processes such as deodorisation if done improperly) produces trans fats.
In summary, evidence exists of the long term safety and benefit of many of the commonly consumed unsaturated plant oils. Further research is needed to define more precisely the long term effects and optimal intakes of specific fatty acids and plant oils, and their interactions with genetic and other dietary factors, including the amount and type of carbohydrate intake.
Although authorities still disagree, most consider that public health decisions should be made on the weight of the available evidence, acknowledging its limitations, and seeking to obtain further, better evidence when indicated. Equally important is to acknowledge when evidence is insufficient to formulate any guidance, in which case all the relevant options should be clearly outlined to enable informed choice.
For cardiovascular health, substantial evidence supports the importance of the type of fat consumed, not total fat intake, and the elimination of industrially produced trans fats
Much of the evidence suggests that the risk of coronary heart disease is reduced by replacing saturated fat with polyunsaturated fats (including plant oils) but not when carbohydrate is the replacement nutrient
Controversies remain about long term health effects of specific plant oils and of high fat, low carbohydrate diets, and research is needed to resolve these
The focus of dietary advice must be on the consumption of foods and overall dietary patterns, not on single nutrients
Contributors and sources: The author group spans a wide range of expertise from nutritional epidemiology and public health (NF, WW), to science journalism (GT), to cardiology and lipidology (RK), and all have contributed to past dialogue on dietary fats and health. Sources of information for this article included systematic reviews and primary research articles based on randomised clinical trials, or prospective observational study designs as well as dietary guidelines. All authors contributed to drafting this manuscript, with NGF taking a lead role and she is also the guarantor of the manuscript. All authors gave intellectual input to improve the manuscript and have read and approved the final version.
Competing interests: We have read and understood BMJ policy on declaration of interests and declare the following: NGF receives funding from the Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit (MC_UU_12015/5). She is a member (unpaid) of the Joint SACN/NHS-England/Diabetes-UK Working Group to review the evidence on lower carbohydrate diets compared with current government advice for adults with type 2 diabetes and is a member (unpaid) of ILSI-Europe Qualitative Fat Intake Task Force Expert Group on update on health effects of different saturated fats. RK has held grants from the National Institutes of Health, Dairy Management, Inc., Almond Board of California, and Quest Diagnostics. He also licensed a patent for ion mobility analysis of lipoprotein particles. He is on the scientific advisory board of Virta Health and has received honoraria from Quest Diagnostics and Crossfit Foundation. GT is a director at Nutrition Science Initiative, senior editor at Crossfit Health, and author of several books and blogs on diet and health. WCW has no competing interests to declare.
Provenance and peer review: Commissioned; externally peer reviewed.
This article is one of a series commissioned by The BMJ. Open access fees for the series were funded by SwissRe, which had no input into the commissioning or peer review of the articles. The BMJ thanks the series advisers, Nita Forouhi and Dariush Mozaffarian, for valuable advice and guiding selection of topics in the series.
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Title: BMJ
Publisher: British Medical Journal Publishing Group
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DOI: 10.1136/bmj.k2139
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MRC Epidemiology Unit, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute and University of California, San Francisco, USA
Nutrition Science Initiative, San Diego, California, USA
Departments of Nutrition and Epidemiology, Harvard T H Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, USA
Correspondence to: N G Forouhi nita.forouhi@mrc-epid.cam.ac.uk
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The Rupes Bigfoot LHR15 Mark III Random Orbital Polisher DLX Kit has been built to handle any detailing situation, including curved surfaces and hard to reach areas. Thanks to its ergonomic design, it allows for precise paint correction with ultimate comfort. Compared to the LHR21 Mark III, the Rupes Bigfoot LHR15 Mark III Random Orbital Polisher DLX Kit operates at a higher RPM, meaning the increased speed produces equivalent correction, more conductive to curved surfaces.
The Mark III offers exceptional comfort thanks to the rubberised front grip and rear handle, providing a non-slip surface for control. The new electronic speed control dial allows for easy adjustment without moving your hand and the larger dial can be easily adjusted with a move of your thumb. Acting as a throttle to control speeds within the dial range, is the new progressive trigger. Allowing you to make subtle adjustments for precise control, without interruption of the process or need to reposition your grip to access the speed dial.
Attention to detail is something more than just an attractive design. Every detail, such as the rubber support positioned on the body of the machine to keep it stable during the non-working stages, is the result of meticulous research aimed at achieving maximum operator comfort.
The highly efficient motor of the Rupes LHR15 Bigfoot Mark III Random Orbital Machine Polisher, produces a speed range of 3000 to 5200. The specially engineered and custom wound motor, created in-house by RUPES, generates high levels of torque while requiring just 500 watts of input.


SQLCMD is the standard text-based tool for executing batches of T-SQL on SQL Server. As a text-based tool, SQLCMD provides a lightweight but powerful tool for automating T-SQL batches. This appendix is designed as a quick reference to SQLCMD. The descriptions of many of the features and the functionality given here differ from BOL in some instances; the descriptions provided in this appendix are based on extensive testing of SQLCMD.


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How to train for the upcoming Oscar race, the race of the century, on the Amtrak train schedule
admin	 July 17, 2021 no Comments
Train schedule for the Oscar race on Amtrak has been updated to include the new race of this century.
Aero Trainer, the title of the training for the Oscars, is now available on the train schedule.
Train schedule update: Aero Trainer will begin on the first leg of the race from Los Angeles on March 16, 2019.
Train schedules for the Hollywood Film Festival and the Academy Awards are available on Amtrak's website.
The Hollywood Film Awards are scheduled for April 8 and 9, 2019, respectively.
The Academy Awards and Academy Awards ceremonies are scheduled to take place April 19, 2019 and 20, 2019 at Hollywood and L.A. Live.
The Oscar ceremony is scheduled for June 12 and 13, 2019 in Los Angeles.
Train timetables for the 2020 Academy Awards have also been updated.
Train timetable update: Academy Awards 2019 will be held on May 20-22, 2019 (L.A.)
Live, the Academy Award ceremony in Los Angelas, California, is scheduled to be held June 14-16, 2019 with the Oscar ceremony to take the form of an intimate, live broadcast on the Disney XD channel, and the Oscar telecast to air on the NBCUniversal network on June 16, 2020.
The schedule of Oscar ceremonies on Amtrak is based on the information from the U.S. National Train Directory and is not an official Amtrak schedule.
How to get a train to work in New York
How to train your body to love train


We love a nostalgic throwback and shell jewelry is one of the season's biggest trends. Our beautiful cowrie shell bracelet fits snugly around your wrist. The gold dipped shells elevate the casual vibe. This bracelet is perfect for stacking with your other curated favorites.


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Région: Afrique
Bureau central national: Cotonou
Membre depuis: 19 septembre 1962
How INTERPOL supports Benin to tackle international crime.
Fighting organized crime in Benin
West Africa is known for trafficking in a wide range of illegal products, from weapons and stolen cars to cigarettes, fake medicines, wildlife products, and natural resources like crude oil, gold, diamonds, cocoa and cashew nuts.
Associated crime areas which also threaten West African security include money laundering, cattle rustling and cybercrime. International organized crime groups use West Africa to smuggle drugs from South America to Europe and Asia. The region is a source, transit region and destination for human trafficking.
Most crime networks engage in all these crime areas simultaneously, using the same trafficking routes to move multiple forms of illegal produce across the region, often bringing violence, insecurity and economic loss with them.
Because crime networks invariably operate globally, it is essential for Benin's law enforcement to have access to a global police cooperation tool. This enables it to work with law enforcement in all continents to tackle its regional crime from a global angle.
INTERPOL in Benin
The international characteristics of these crime areas and their links with organized crime groups around the world make the role of Benin's INTERPOL National Central Bureau (NCB) fundamental to national security.
NCB Cotonou is Benin's lead agency for taking national criminal investigations beyond national borders to work with police forces in other countries and continents. The NCB is staffed with police officers specialized in tackling the region's specific crime challenges.
The NCB gives local police forces globally sourced intelligence to help them detect and investigate the flow of illicit goods along trafficking routes in and around the country.
NCB Cotonou is also an active player in INTERPOL's global fugitive investigation operations.
Law enforcement in Benin
National law enforcement services in Benin are provided by the Republican Police (DGPR), which combines and replaces the former national police and gendarmerie. DGPR is responsible for national security, law and order, and the protection of people and property.
The DGPR comprises a national criminal police force called the DPJ, which investigates serious organized crime, terrorism and transnational crime. The INTERPOL NCB for Benin is part of the DPJ.
Une opération de contrôle aux frontières menée en Afrique de l'Ouest permet d'identifier des victimes de la traite d'êtres humains et de faire éche...
Vente en ligne de produits pharmaceutiques illicites : 500 tonnes saisies lors d'une opération d'envergure mondiale
Fake goods: arrests and seizures in worldwide operations
Les hauts responsables de la sécurité régionale soutiennent le programme INTERPOL visant à renforcer l'action policière en Afrique de l'Ouest
INTERPOL lance une initiative pour renforcer la sécurité en Afrique


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Tecore Networks To Exhibit Enhanced Military Mobile Communications Platform – LYNX-D
Visit Tecore Networks at MILCOM, Booth #3016, November 1-3, 2016
Baltimore, MD, November 1, 2016 – Tecore Networks, a pioneer supplier of innovative American-made mobile network infrastructure, today announced it will be exhibiting at the MILCOM2016 Exposition taking place in Baltimore, Maryland. Tecore invites you to join them at the Baltimore Convention Center – November 1-3, 2016 for a hands-on experience with their enhanced military mobile communications platforms, including the LYNX-D™, a 4G LTE – Advanced (LTE-A) carrier aggregation man-packable solution. Capable of operating private 4G LTE and Wi-Fi networks simultaneously, the LYNX-D provides secure commercial-grade 4G LTE-A voice, text, video and packet data services.
"Our armed forces face continually evolving threats around the globe, and need communications technology which is also capable of evolving," said Joseph Gerrity, President, Tecore Networks. "Tecore's 25-year history of innovation in the major wireless technologies, coupled with our track record of serving government clients, ensures that our troops have state-of-the-art means of communicating in the most challenging situations."
Tecore's easy-to-use, rapidly deployable 4G LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) carrier aggregation LYNX-D platform provides seamless integration for mission critical, turnkey network coverage in the field. Fortified with features to satisfy military requirements, the LYNX-D platform includes an integrated EPC, eNodeB(s), dual radios, and a processor capable of delivering high-speed voice, text and packet data to users. Additionally the unit supports up to 256 Simultaneous Active Users (SAU) and has a maximum throughout of 250 Mbps (TCP) downlink and 45 Mbps (TCP) uplink. The communications platform optimizes network awareness, situational visibility and more efficiently delivers on the demand for mobility.
In September, Tecore was invited to participate in two technical demonstrations. SOCOM Technical Experiment (TE) 16-4 and Stiletto Maritime Capabilities Demonstration (CD) 16-3 were each focused on next generation technologies applicable to the military's maritime environment. These demonstrations were conducted to encourage the exchange of technology information between industry leaders and the military operators. At these events, Tecore demonstrated their LYNX-D capability by providing a seamless LTE and Wi-Fi network infrastructure for Ship-to-Ship and Ship-to-Shore communications and high speed data transfer. In addition, Tecore integrated its LYNXTM platform with Mobile Ad-hoc Network (MANET) Radios, using the MANET as a backhaul option. Tecore also demonstrated mobile asset tracking across its LTE and Wi-Fi networks providing real-time situational awareness and location tracking during mobile operations.
Tecore Executives will be available to discuss their secure, scalable, mobile wireless solutions at MILCOM Booth #3016. To obtain additional information visit: www.Tecore.com or contact government@tecore.com.
Tecore Networks is a global supplier of multi-technology 3G and 4G-LTE mobile network infrastructure. Tecore has dramatically enhanced functionality while minimizing space requirements, installation time and cost of ownership. Tecore's solutions include core as well as radio access network infrastructure, supported by state-of-the-art professional services. Founded in 1991, Tecore is ISO 9001:2008 certified, and is a three-time winner of the Global Mobile (3GSM) Award. For more information, visit www.tecore.com. Tecore® is a registered trademark of Tecore, Inc.
Press Contact for Tecore Networks
Markie Britton
media@tecore.com


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Lounge of loungemuziek is de benaming voor twee soorten easy listening.

Oorspronkelijk werd met lounge gerefereerd aan muziek gespeeld in de salons van hotel- en casinobars, maar ook kleine cabarets en pianobars. Het is een vorm van popmuziek die voortkomt uit de muziek van de New Yorkse Tin Pan Alley. Het is bedoeld als achtergrondmuziek, of in ieder geval muziek waarbij te converseren valt. Latere varianten van deze vorm werden denigrerend ook wel muzak of liftmuziek genoemd.

Vanaf het midden van de jaren negentig van de twintigste eeuw wordt met lounge ook wel de elektronische downtempomuziek bedoeld (niet meer dan 90 beats per minute). Deze loungemuziek als eigen genre bestaat eigenlijk niet, lounge is eigenlijk het genre chill-out aangevuld met de genres triphop, acid jazz, ambient en deep house.

Vooral in Frankrijk, Zuid-Duitsland, Oostenrijk en Spanje was het rond de eeuwwisseling erg populair, en groeide het deels uit tot een levensstijl waarbij men het rustig aan deed, en alles zo gemakkelijk mogelijk ging. De invloed van het ouderwetse loungen is nog steeds herkenbaar doordat in loungebars de muziek een volume heeft dat zich zowel leent tot dansen als converseren. De genrenaam, vooral door de media gepoogd te lanceren, is altijd omstreden geweest: veel van de artiesten en liefhebbers vinden het een belediging. De benaming heeft in de loop der tijd echter wel aan lading gewonnen.

Er zitten in de loungemuziek vaak Oosterse klanken, Aziatisch en Arabisch. Het is niet zelden een combinatie van Westerse en Oosterse muziek.

Verder zijn er een aantal verzamel- of compilatie-cd-series met loungemuziek. Enkele daarvan zijn:
 Café del Mar, genoemd naar het gelijknamige café op Ibiza,
 De Winter Chill, Nu Cool en Serve Chilled compilaties van Hed Kandi.
 Nomads, 1 tot 4, naar het gelijknamige loungerestaurant in Amsterdam
 Supperclub presents: Lounge, van 1 tot 10, naar de gelijknamige loungeclub in Amsterdam
 Buddha-Bar-compilaties, naar de loungerestaurantketen
 MTV Lounge
 Lounge Deluxe-compilaties

Wetenswaardigheden
Het is onder enkele loungeartiesten een running gag om te refereren aan een trein of station. Zowel Paris Saint-Germain als Gare du Nord zijn stations in Parijs en loungebands. Van zowel Gare du Nord als Kruder & Dorfmeister begint een album met een omroep die aangeeft dat een station genaderd wordt. Mogelijk refereert dit aan het "feit" dat treinreizen de enige relaxte manier van reizen is.

Ambient
Acid jazz
Muziekgenre

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia