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Tobacco Nicotiana tabacum L. - Industrial plants - Herbaceous crops
Class: Dicotyledonae
Subclass: Gamopetalae
Order: Tubiflorae
Species: Nicotiana tabacum L.
French: tabac; English: tobacco; Spanish: tobaco; German: Tobak
Origin and diffusion
The Nicotiana genus belongs to the Solanaceae family and includes the N. tabacum species (the most widespread in the world) and the N. rustic (little used because very strong; it was once used as an insecticide).
There are several varieties of tobacco, which differ in characteristics, climatic needs, cultivation technique and care of the leaves after harvest. According to the method of treatment and the type of goods it is classified into:
- light tobacco (cured in the air, in the sun or with indirect fire)
- dark tobacco (cured in the air or with indirect fire)
In Italy different varieties are grown, such as: Virginia, Burley, Kentucky, Herzegovina, Havanna, Maryland, Paraguay, Perustiza, Badischer, Xanthi Yakà.
Christopher Columbus was the first European to know tobacco when he landed on the Bahamas in 1492. The roll of dry leaves of tobacco that the natives smoked was called tabaco. Over time there has been a profound evolution in the type of use: from cigars and shredded for the pipe has passed to a predominant use of cigarettes. Until 1971 in Italy the cultivation of tobacco was done under the strictest monopoly of the state; subsequently cultivation and sale were liberalized. In order to encourage European production, the European Union has established measures to support the prices of leaf tobacco: target price (ensures the farmer a sufficient remuneration) and intervention price (90% of the intervention price for tobacco which is not found buyers).
The largest producers in the world are: China, U.S.A, India, Brazil, Turkey, Zimbabwe, Indonesia, Greece, Italy.
Tobacco flowers - Nicotiana tabacum L. (photo Elena Nelli)
Botanical characters
Leaves - They are the most nicotine-rich organs. The plant has a determined development whose cauline apex differentiates leaves up to a certain moment, after which it differs in inflorescence. The number of leaves ranges from 25 to 35 and are slightly petiolate or sessile, sometimes with almost amplessicauli appendages similar to stipules. They have whole margins, penninervic veins, slightly wavy edges and on the whole surface they have glandular hairs that secrete a viscous liquid.
The shape of the leaves is ovate-lanceolate the ratio between length and maximum width varies from 1.5 to 3.5 however the size is very variable according to the variety, environmental conditions, breeding techniques and position on the stem.
With ripening the leaves change color towards yellowish-green and take on a hanging shape and then reflex.
Stem - It is robust, erect, unbranched, tomentose and viscous due to the resinous substances emitted by the glandular hairs. The development in height varies greatly according to the number and length of the internodes; generally it is around 1.5-2 m.
Roots - Tobacco has a very branching root system, but since it is transplanted, the taproot breaks during transplantation and the plant in the open field is anchored to the soil by an extensive system of rather superficial fibrous roots.
Flowers - Large and showy, they have gamesepalo calyx with 5 unequal teeth, pedunculated and gathered in apical inflorescence in panniculus. The corolla is white in the tube, while in the lobes it varies from pink to red to yellow to white. It is longer than the calyx and has 5 lobes. Landroceo is composed of 5 stamens. The gynaeceum is composed of a pistil with a bilocular supero ovary very rich in ova, surmounted by a long stylus, with a bilobed stigma.
Fertilization is autogamous, but occasional allogamy may occur, due to wind or insects.
Fruits - Each fertilized flower produces an ovate-conical capsule, which opens when ripe for 3-4 valves, leaving thousands of seeds to come out.
Seeds - They are extremely small (10,000 gram to 12,000 gram in 1 gram), kidney-shaped, brown in color, roughly cross-linked on the surface.
Environmental needs
Tobacco is an originally sub-tropical and therefore short-day plant, but with the extension of its cultivation it has adapted to the different photoperiodic regime becoming neutral-day.
Temperature: needs 15 ° C to germinate and 25-30 ° C to flower. Therefore in temperate climates it carries out the cycle in the spring-summer period.
Environments: very adaptable, from equatorial to continental ones, thanks to its great genetics and the variability of the product types.
Soil: high adaptability in soils with different pH, texture, nutrient richness. It avoids those rich in salts, especially chlorides.
- Dark tobaccos treated with direct heat require clayey, heavy and fertile soils, high temperatures and moderate rainfall.
- Air-cured dark tobaccos require heavy, fertile and rich in organic matter soils that others shy away from.
- Oriental tobaccos treated in the sun require low fertility and pebbly soils, often shallow, and a xerophytic environment that generates small plants with small leaves. It is essential then the absence of rain during the collection and care period.
- Light tobaccos treated with indirect heat require loose soils with low organic fertility, in order to prevent the plant from finding nitrogen to be absorbed in the final phase of the cycle. Rainfall or irrigation must be abundant and regular.
- Air-cured clear tobaccos require deep, fertile, medium-textured, well-aerated soils.
The requisites sought in the tobacco varieties are productivity and good product quality, generic objectives that can be pursued by improvers following different approaches. The latter can be resistance or tolerance to adversity (enhancing those already found or finding new sources of resistance), earliness of ripeness (because the harvests do not go on too long in the autumn, with inconveniences and damage to quality), suitability for mechanical harvesting (drums robust, well spaced internodes, non-erect bearing leaves), nicotine content suited to market needs, low tar potential.
Field of Tobacco - Nicotiana tabacum L. (photo Elena Nelli)
Cultivation technique and care
Plant Nursery:
Given the small size of the seed, the extreme delicacy of the seedling and the high temperatures necessary to germinate and grow, tobacco cannot be sown directly on the field. The sowing is then done in seedbeds when the average daily temperature reaches 6-8 ° C, (end of February in the South of Italy, March in the Center-North) with a density of 600-800 square meter sowing 1 gr. every square meter. The sowing is broadcast by performing a good mixing of the seed or with suspension in water through a watering can. The seed is buried with a slight compression of the soil or by covering it with a layer of sterilized soil. The seedbeds can be of different types: hot bed, greenhouse-tunnels, float system. In the latter, the density of the seed is determined by the distance between the alveoli.
- Hotbed seedbed
It was developed from the beginning by Italian tobacco growing. It can be all above ground or partially underground. It consists of drawers delimited with materials that are easy to disinfect and which do not give shelter to parasites (concrete slabs, masonry, etc.) with a width of around 1.30-1.50 m, so as to make crop care possible and easier. lestirpamento.
The hotbed seedbed is made up of several elements which are: the drainage layer, the thermogenic layer (consisting of manure), the seed bed and the cover.
- Serre-tunnel
For their simplicity and cost-effectiveness they have supplanted traditional seedbeds almost everywhere.
They consist of a plastic film covering, supported by metal arches, which ensures a good greenhouse effect. Thanks to the covering, there is no need for the drainage layer or for the hot bed and therefore the seed bed does not need to go beyond the countryside level requiring the box structure. Therefore, the seed beds are made in the open ground, instead of in caissons, by spreading a sterile layer of sand or better, of pozzolana, with a thickness of approximately 0.10 m to be removed every year.
The most used plastic film is polyethylene, cheaper and more ecological than other plastics, even if the greenhouse effect it produces is partial, in the sense that it does not completely trap the infrared radiation emitted by the soil.
- Float system
It is the most recent evolution of tobacco seedbed.
It creates inside the tunnel greenhouse waterproof basins with plastic film spread on perfectly level ground and with raised edges so as to contain a layer of water 0.2 m high. Other basic elements of the system are cellular containers of expanded polyurethane that float on the water. The alveoli of the containers are filled with a sterile peat-based substrate and a tobacco seed is deposited in the center of each one (all mechanized operations). The newly seeded alveolar containers are placed to float in the basins filled with an appropriate nutrient solution; from it the seedlings draw water and nutrients. The length and the width of the basins are exact multiples of the dimensions of the containers, so that they turn out to form a compact floating surface covering the entire surface of the tank. In this way, more robust seedlings are obtained, transplanting seedlings with earthen bread, less competition between the plants thanks to the regularity of their arrangement and therefore greater number of plants valid per square meter, elimination of any phytosanitary problem related to the substrate, ease of management of the greenhouse as irrigation is not required, reduction of temperature drops thanks to the thermal flywheel made up of the liquid mass.
Rotation: renewal crop follows or precedes wheat, the improving power is different according to the type and cultivation technique adopted. It can happen to itself but there may be problems due to parasites that require the return to rotation.
Soil preparation: plow in the previous summer or autumn at about 0.30-0.40 m and finish it for transplanting with harrowing.
Transplant: carry it out with temperatures higher than 15 °. Transplanting with machines has entered current practice because it allows you to reduce the use of labor. After transplanting, it is advisable to irrigate to ensure engraftment. If some plants do not take root, it is advisable to replace them early with others from seedbeds.
Fight against weeds: tobacco must be defended against weeds because it is very sensitive to this type of damage. This can be achieved with weeding-tamping or with chemical weeding that can be carried out pre-transplant with or without burying or post-transplant.
Topping: with this operation the stem is popped to accumulate the reserve substances, nicotine, on a limited number of leaves so that they grow large, heavy and strong. It is practiced only on a limited number of varieties destined to produce strong and substantial tobaccos (Kentucky, Virginia). Normally the topping is done by hand (40-60 hours of work), but also with topping machines mounted on «stilts» to be able to pass over the crop (2-3 hours of work). The effect of the topping on the leaves is all the more marked the lower and earlier the operation. With the elimination of the apical part of the plant, an auxin imbalance is caused in the plant whereby the buds existing in the axil of the leaves, normally dormant, germinate forming the so-called "cacchi" which, if left to grow, would cancel the effect of the topping. In order to eliminate these axillary shoots, chopping is necessary after trimming; which can be avoided by preventing the sprouting of the axillary buds with suitable "anti-bud" chemical products.
Sbranciatura: it was once a mandatory practice. It consists in removing the 2-3 basal leaves by hand, dirty and small, allowing the airing of the crown and the development of the plant. Lately the basal leaves are also collected and therefore this practice is no longer carried out.
Anti-cryptogamic fight: fungicide treatments against blue mold.
It is a slow and controlled drying, during which the leaves undergo deep and decisive biochemical and organoleptic transformations. With care, the qualitative product characteristics on which the realization price depends to a large extent are developed or strengthened.
Indirectly cured tobaccos: tobaccos that enter the blends of the most common blonde cigarettes. Their characteristic is a color varying from lemon yellow to orange, of light to medium strength, with a high content of sugars, mostly little marked aroma.
The most famous in the world is Virginia produced in North Carolina (USA), strong, substantial, relatively aromatic. Italy is the largest European country of direct fire tobacco production with two distinct types of product: the first, traditional, exclusive of Italy called Bright Italy (or Bright) in a phase of strong regression, the other relatively recent called Virginia, which is taking over among Italian tobacconists because they are more accepted on world markets.
- Stages of indirect fire treatment
1) Yellowing. The cell is hermetically loaded and closed so as to ensure a high relative humidity (80-85%), the temperature reaches 30 ° C and remains there until the leaves have taken on a yellowish tint; then saumenta of about 1 ° C then, with another stop at 35 ° for the beginning of the actual yellowing; after which it rises to about 38 °: at this temperature the leaves remain until a strong lemon yellow color appears. This is the most difficult phase of the treatment because with an incorrect maneuver the typical yellow color of Bright Italia could be compromised.
2) Fixation of the yellow color. Once the desired yellow color is obtained, the oxidative processes are stopped, which would lead to the formation of the brown color, the opening of the air vents, so as to eliminate excess humidity.
3) Drying of the foil. From 38 ° C to 50 ° increasing the temperature by 1 ° then, always keeping the air vents open to the maximum. Stop at 50 ° until the leaf edges are completely dry.
4) Drying of the rib. From 50 ° the cell is brought to 65 ° (increase of 1 ° -1.5 ° then) by gradually closing the extractors and air intakes. At 65 ° it is expected that the ribs have become perfectly friable: at this point the cure is finished, but it is necessary to proceed with the next phase to guarantee the conservation of the product.
5) Sterilization of the product. The temperature is raised again: from 65 ° to 85 °, increasing by 2-3 ° then. In the latter phase, tobacco acquires the characteristic odor and also the necessary preservation and color stabilization, due to the activation of the enzymes.
A well done cure lasts from 5 to 7 days depending on the state of the leaves.
Air-cured light tobaccos: cured (even the dark ones) by hanging the strings of leaves in shady and airy structures where, without any intervention of any kind, they perform the cure in a rather long time: from 3 to 4 weeks. It requires inexpensive but voluminous structures and reduced manipulations but is rudimentary because it does not allow to regulate environmental conditions. This is why it is long, and leads to the decomposition of sugars (which are absent or scarce). The most important tobacco is Burley.
Air-cured dark tobaccos: dark tobaccos are used in cigars, shredded and dark cigarettes. In Italy in the past two types were important: the Beneventano, in the provinces of Benevento and Avellino, and the Nostrano del Brenta, in the Veneto.
Today these tobaccos have practically disappeared because their taste finds less and less appreciators. In their replacement, fairly new tobaccos for Italy have spread, among which Havanna and Badischer Geudertheimer are the ones that have met the greatest success spreading very quickly in replacement of Nostrano del Brenta and Beneventano. The cured leaves have a nicotine content of 2%. These tobaccos are used as a filling for cigars and dark cigarettes.
Dark tobacco cured by direct fire:
They are the least important tobaccos in the world tobacconist scene, but in Italy they have a far from negligible importance: Italy is in 4th place for production, after the USA, Poland and Malaysia.
The only representative of this category is Kentucky tobacco.
Once the treatment is completed, the tobacco is subjected to reinvigoration, that is, it is slightly moistened so that it can be pressed without the leaves shattering. It is of the utmost importance that the tobacco is pressed with the right degree of humidity. If the tobacco is put in too wet bales it loses the brightness of its color with devaluation of the product. As previously mentioned, the farmer generally sells his leaf tobacco, that is, cured and packaged in bales.
The assessment of the quality of the tobacco is made by an expert report made by expert technicians who estimate by eye the percentages of the various classes (A, B, C and out of grade) present in the consignment.
Collection and use
Tobacco leaves are typically harvested in subsequent passes. The leaves, a useful product of tobacco, must be harvested at the right degree of technical ripeness. The signs of this ripening, which starts from the lowest leaves and proceeds upwards, are as follows:
- Light green coloring of the flap to decrease the chlorophyll content
- Yellowish internal marbling, starting from the tip and from the edges of the leaf, which extend towards the center.
- Downward curvature of the apex and leaf margins.
- The leaves synergize due to the accumulation of starch and, when folded, they break with a clear and rectilinear fracture.
- The leaf detaches easily from the stem.
- For the break-up of epidermal glandular hairs, resinous materials are released, which make the leaf sticky to the touch, with the emission of a strong odor.
Dark tobaccos, in which strength, taste and aroma are of great importance, must be harvested when fully ripe; the light ones, on the other hand, at the first signs of maturity (with a little early harvest they see improved combustibility and increased lightness).
The harvest is done by machine or by hand, of this there are three methods:
Whole plant harvest. It is done by cutting the plants at the base of the stem and laying them in the inter-row, with every care to avoid lacerations, and leaving them to dry for a few hours.
Leaf collection. The technical maturation of the leaves is scaled from the bottom, upwards so the leaf collection, made in successive steps, is rational in that the various leaf crowns are harvested at the right degree of ripeness. In the most accurate systems, hand picking is done by picking 3-4 leaves at a time which allows you to keep the various crowns of leaves distinct: basal, first median, second median, subapical and apical. To reduce costs, especially with mechanized harvesting, there is a tendency to reduce the number of harvests by picking several leaves at a time so only three crowns are distinguished: basal, median and apical.
Mixed collection. The low and middle ones are collected leaf by leaf, while the apical ones, when ripe, are gathered together by cutting the stem. It is a suitable system for varieties with many leaves.
The best time to harvest tobacco is in the morning, as soon as the leaves have dried from the dew. The leaves must be immediately transported with great care and caution to the place of care where they are packaged on strings in strings of a given number of leaves, by hand skewering or through the use of skewing, stapling or killing machines; the strings of leaves are tied on special poles that allow them to be spread in the treatment rooms.
Tobacco leaves (photo Laura Paganucci)
Adversity and pests
In seedbed: they are serious because they cause the loss of seedlings or their lack of vitality.
The greatest damages are caused by the rot of the seedlings (Pythium spp., Rhizoctonia solani, Colletotrichum spp.) And by the root rot (Thielaviopsis basicola). The best prevention system is the use of insensitive varieties and uninfected substrate either because it is inert (e.g. pozzolan) or because it is sterilized with steam or fumigants. The blue mold (Peronospora tabacina) is extremely fearful. Fearsome insects are the Collemboli. With the float system method all adversities in seedbeds are kept under control.
Field adversity:
Plant pests
- Radical rot. It is caused by the mushroom Thielaviopsis basicola attacks the newly transplanted seedlings and in seedbeds, with a wet and cold seasonal pattern and soil with defective drainage. The use of resistant varieties and respect for crop rotation are the most recommendable measures.
- Blue mold. The causative agent is the mushroom Peronospora tabacina,
- Virosis. Several viruses affect tobacco, often causing serious damage. Among the most common are the mosaic, caused by TMV (Tobacco Mosaic Virus) and nerve necrosis by PVY (Potato Virus Y). There are no direct means of virosis control, but only preventive means: sterile seedbed substrate, hygiene rules for transplant personnel, eliminating potentially infected spontaneous herbs.
- Parasitic phanerogams. The tobacco on the field is subject to being parasitized by the orobanche (Orobanche ramosa, mainly), a superior plant that has lost its photosynthetic capacity becoming a parasite of other plants, on whose roots it imposes its austori with which it sucks the lymph of the host-victim. Attached tobacco plants slow down or stop growth with underdeveloped leaves that are not marketable when treated. Orobanche produces a huge quantity of seeds that remain viable in the soil for many years: it is therefore a serious problem that has not yet found certainly effective means of control.
Serious but fortunately rare diseases are angular spotting and wild fire, which was recently seen to be caused by the bacterium Pseudomonas syringae itself.
Bacterial blight is caused by Pseudomonas solanacearum.
Insects:
- Agrotidae (or noctue). The most common species in Italy is Scotia ipsilon, a moth whose terrestrial larvae come out at night gnawing at the collar the stem of recently transplanted tobacco plants.
- Elateridae. The terrestrial larvae of the beetles of the genus Agriotes attack tobacco penetrating the underground portion of the transplanted plants.
For both cases, geo-disinfestation along the row at the same time as transplanting is recommended.
Nematodes:
In the case of crop systems in which tobacco occurs for several years, the intensification of attacks by galligerr nematodes occurs; (Meloidogyne spp.). Attacks are particularly severe in sandy soils if tobacco returns to the same soil at short intervals.
Climate adversity
Hail: The leaves, which represent the useful product of tobacco, are torn or punctured with total loss of the product or with serious damage to quality. If the hail came early, it is possible to recover a part of the product by cutting the plants at the collar and raising one of the shoots that develop after cutting. The lacerations of the leaves seriously affect the quality of the band tobacco. The insurance for hail damage is very common.
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Maney, James W. | 1936
Birth and Death Year | 1862-1945
Induction Year | 1936
Profession | Entrepreneur
Oklahoma Connection | Maney settled near El Reno, Oklahoma, in August of 1889.
Hometown | Oklahoma City
James Maney was well-known as a civil engineer and "practical" railroad builder and is distinguished as having built only the second railroad into Oklahoma in the late spring of 1889.
"My Irish blood and pioneer training helped make me the successful and influential man I have become. I am in every sense a self-made man, having without financial assistance fought my own way to success." - James Maney, 1936
James William Maney was born in Pennsylvania and completed his degree at a college in Red Oak, Iowa, before accepting his first position as a civil engineer with the Union Pacific Railway. At the age of twenty two, he went into the contracting business and established the Chicago and Northwest Railroad into the unsettled Black Hills country of South Dakota. When Oklahoma opened for settlement in April of 1889, Maney built the second railroad into the territory and settled near El Reno, Oklahoma, in August of that same year. In 1910 he promoted the building of the El Reno Interurban Electric Line between El Reno and Oklahoma City and purchased controlling interest in the railway between Clinton and western Oklahoma in 1912. Also active in the mill and grain business, he served as president of several milling companies including Weatherford Milling, Canadian Mill and Elevator Company, Enid Milling, and Maney Export.
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Nvidia designed Tegra K1 2.2 GHz Quad Core processor has an unique GPU designed for this tablet which has an amazing 192 Kepler cores to cover each and every micro inch of the 7.9 inched pad. 2GB of DDR3 RAM along with 16 GB of internal storage which can be expanded with an additional 128GB of storage with the help of a microSD card. Dual band WiFi with 2×2 MIMO antenna has been stocked up when rolled out. A whopping 6,700 mAh battery Li-Poly Battery seems to be pretty huge and should be able to last for at least 2 days.
The 7.9 inch IPS display which is protected by the corning gorilla glass 3, is manufactured with a resolution of 2048 x 1536 pixels and has a pixel density of 326 ppi, which is pretty amazing considering that is an 8 inch display. With a viewing angle of 178 degrees, it has an aspect ratio of 4:3 thus improving the readability in portrait as well as landscape mode.
BSI based SONY CMOS rear sensor has an resolution of 8MP but does not come with LED flash but records 1080p (Full HD) videos. The front facing 5MP sensor seems to be sufficient enough for the selfies.
The Xiaomi Mi Pad is completely out of the box, with the MIUI masked Android 4.4 Kitkat running. Many complaining that the MIUI is a bit difficult to use but it's all about getting used to the interface. The device does heat up at times and does lag but it'll soon be fixed up with a software update. Getting common apps working on this device may be an issue due to it's size but slowly and gradually all of it will be resolved.
Complaints have been coming in that you cannot move applications on to your memory card, even though 16GB may be sufficient to cater to several needs with the additional 128GB in the form of a memory card is more than sufficient, but if you purchasing the Mi Pad for heavy gaming it is recommended to wait for the 64GB version if that hits the markets soon.
12,999 is the price you looking for if you plan on getting your hands on to one of these, which will be once again only be exclusively only be sold on flipkart. Lenovo Idea Tab A3000 is worth looking out for if you searching for a competition, and just a head ups it may be a close battle. The Xiaomi Mi Pad will be only available in white as of date and another drawback will be it will not have a sim slot, that's right no calling features packaged in to this bombshell unlike the Lenovo A3000 which has 3G connectivity features but lacks a bit in hardware config compared to the Mi Pad.


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Consumers will have a new affordable, unrestricted and hassle-free way to buy an iPhone 5 when T-Mobile USA, Inc. begins offering the revolutionary phone on Friday, April 12.
T-Mobile announced today that qualifying customers can get an iPhone 5 for $99.99 down, plus monthly payments. T-Mobile is the only major U.S. wireless company to offer iPhone 5 with no annual service contract plus unlimited talk, text and Web on a screaming-fast nationwide 4G network. And because there are no annual contracts, customers make the decision when to upgrade their devices — not the carrier.
iPhone 5 is the thinnest and lightest iPhone ever, completely redesigned to feature a stunning 4-inch Retina display, an Apple-designed A6 chip for blazing fast performance and ultrafast wireless technology1 — all while delivering even better battery life.2 iPhone 5 comes with iOS 6, the world's most advanced mobile operating system with over 200 new features, including Shared Photo Streams, Facebook integration, all-new Maps app and Passbook organization, and even more Siri features and languages.
With compatibility on T-Mobile's 4G network, iPhone 5 customers will enjoy a consistently outstanding wireless experience, seamlessly connecting to both T-Mobile's existing nationwide 4G and growing 4G LTE networks. Today, the company launched 4G LTE service in seven major metropolitan areas, including Baltimore; Houston; Kansas City; Las Vegas; Phoenix; San Jose, Calif.; and Washington, D.C. T-Mobile's 4G LTE network is expected to reach 100 million people by mid-year and 200 million nationwide by the end of 2013. The company's 4G HSPA+ network reaches 225 million people in 229 metropolitan areas.
In addition to a great 4G network experience, T-Mobile offers iPhone 5 customers one of the simplest and most competitive consumer rate plans in the industry. Rather than providing a dizzying number of consumer rate plans, T-Mobile is offering iPhone 5 with just one.
T-Mobile's new Simple Choice Plan starts with a base rate of $50 per month for unlimited talk, text and Web with 500MB of 4G data.3 Consumers can add 2GB of 4G data for $10 per month per line or get unlimited 4G data for an additional $20 per month per line. Customers can add a second phone line for $30 per month, and each additional line is just $10 per month. There are no caps and no overages.
HD Voice - delivering nationwide crystal-clear high-definition calling and significantly reduced background noise. T-Mobile is the only U.S. carrier offering nationwide HD Voice for iPhone 5.
T-Mobile Smartphone Mobile HotSpot for on-the-go tethering Internet access. Through Simple Choice, T-Mobile offers an additional 500MB of 4G data for tethering, enabling customers to tether from their iPads, Macs and other devices.
Talk and surf at the same time — without limits. Through T-Mobile's Simple Choice Plan, customers can opt for totally unlimited 4G data on a nationwide network, something no other major U.S. wireless company offers for iPhone 5.
iPhone 5 will be available for qualifying customers with T-Mobile's Simple Choice Plan for $99.99 down and $20 per month for 24 months. Qualifying customers can get iPhone 4S through the Simple Choice Plan for $69.99 down and $20 per month for 24 months. iPhone 4 will be available for qualifying customers through the Simple Choice Plan for $14.99 down and $15 per month for 24 months. Financing is available on approval of credit online and in participating locations. iPhone 4S and iPhone 4 will be available in select markets. iPhone 5 will be available nationwide on Friday, April 12, at T-Mobile retail stores and through select dealers and national retail stores, as well as online at http://www.T-Mobile.com. Customers can pre-order iPhone 5 beginning Friday, April 5. For more information, visit the pre-registration page.
1 Network speeds are dependent on carrier networks, check with your carrier for details.
2 Battery life depends on device settings, usage and other factors. Actual results vary.
3 4G network connection required for 4G speeds; all data use applies to allotment. Once rate plan allotment of high-speed data has been consumed, customers will experience reduced Web speeds without overage charges for the remainder of the billing cycle. Unlimited 4G data is available for an additional $20 per month.


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If you absolutely have to visit the DMV, here's what to expect
People without appointments wait in line for the Hollywood DMV field office to open on July 16. (Adam Tschorn / Los Angeles Times) For most people who have been through the experience, darkening the doorstep of a bricks-and-mortar California DMV field office is not unlike a trip to the dentist […]
People without appointments wait in line for the Hollywood DMV field office to open on July 16. (Adam Tschorn / Los Angeles Times)
For most people who have been through the experience, darkening the doorstep of a bricks-and-mortar California DMV field office is not unlike a trip to the dentist — something to be done only when absolutely necessary and only after all other options have been exhausted. That desire for avoidance is stronger right now, with the Golden State recently setting a new one-day record for coronavirus cases.
Actually visiting the DMV wasn't an option for a while. In late March, all field offices statewide shuttered in response to COVID-19 concerns. It wasn't until six weeks later that 25 offices opened back up to appointment-holding customers, and it wasn't until June 11 that the rest of the field offices were back open for transactions that needed to be completed in person, including behind-the-wheel driving tests (which resumed June 26), applying for a Real ID and reinstating a suspended license.
Now that the DMV field offices are open and in the process of rescheduling closure-canceled appointments, what can you expect to find if you're notified that you're back on the calendar?
According to a DMV representative, all the previously canceled appointments have been rescheduled, and new appointments are not being offered at this time. Thanks to my scheduled-for-May, rescheduled-for-July appointment to apply for a Real ID, I found those answers — and more — at the Hollywood DMV field office last week. (The Real ID license requirement to board a domestic airline flight, which had been set to go into effect this October — a month after my current driver's license expires — has now been pushed to 2021.)
There will be a lot of people
7:45 a.m.: I arrived 15 minutes early for my 8 a.m. appointment thinking there wouldn't be many people at such an early hour. I thought wrong. At 7:50 a.m., 10 minutes before the office was scheduled to open, the line of approximately 140 somewhat-socially-distanced people stretched from just outside the front door at 803 Cole Ave. south to Waring Avenue and then turned north up Wilcox Avenue halfway to Willoughby Avenue. Some people were sitting in lawn chairs. Others were wrapped in sleeping bags. Most of them clutched various DMV forms, and all of them seemed to have been there for a while. (A visibly pregnant woman, about a dozen spots from the front, let it be known — and loudly — that she'd been there since 4:30 a.m.)
A look at the line along Waring Avenue at the Hollywood DMV field office at 7:45 a.m. on July 16, 15 minutes before the office opened. The line started at 803 Cole Ave., went down Waring Avenue and then up Wilcox Avenue. It included approximately 140 people by the time the doors opened at 8 a.m. (Adam Tschorn / Los Angeles Times)
This line, it turns out, was for people who had not made an appointment online in advance. Those who had scheduled an appointment — and had their appointment confirmation number in hand (either on paper or screen) — could queue up in one of the half-dozen taped-off, six-feet-apart spots on the sidewalk near the front door.
Therefore, here's helpful hint No. 1: Bring proof of your appointment with you — and if you don't have one, bring comfortable shoes and perhaps a book to read. (Another piece of advice: Wear a mask; the security guard out front isn't interested in hearing your treatise on personal liberty.)
You will carry one piece of yellow paper everywhere
8:00 a.m.: Properly masked and having provided my appointment confirmation number, I was ushered from my taped-off spot on the sidewalk through the front door at the click of 8 a.m. I was met by an employee in full protective gear (including a face shield and gloves) who found my name on an appointment list and asked for my eight-digit electronic confirmation number. This number, which is not the same as the appointment number at the top of my email from the DMV, was what I should have received after completing my driver's license renewal application online. Because I was unable to furnish said eight-digit confirmation number, I was directed to a small room in the back to complete one online, a piece of highlighter-yellow paper in hand.
This room, where written tests are usually administered, had five available kiosks (not unlike voting booths) with caution tape cordoning off the rest to ensure social distancing. I was pointed to one where I filled out an application on a computer and jotted the resulting code on the yellow piece of paper. I handed the piece of paper to a masked employee who wrote a service number on it (this was the number I'd wait to hear called out and assigned to a window back in the larger room), while another masked (and gloved) employee sprayed and wiped down the keyboard and computer mouse I'd been using. The downside of not having that confirmation code was a 10-minute detour.
Helpful hint No. 2: If you can fill out any DMV forms online in advance, do so — and make sure to make note of the eight-digit confirmation code.
(In full disclosure, I might have shaved a few minutes off this time had I not dithered around trying to decide what color option best described the hair I no longer have — brown or gray — only to realize that "bald" was the very last of the choices. How long has that been an option?)
There is nonstop cleaning in progress
8:10 a.m.: I took a seat in one of the dozen chairs lining the perimeter of the room at six-foot intervals. Tape on the floors marked the direction of traffic flow as well as where and how far apart to stand. A roving security guard cautioned those who strayed too far or stood too close, and an employee wearing a face mask, gloves and black mini-apron (embroidered with the DMV logo, which was a nice touch) would spray and wipe down each chair the moment it was vacated. This happened about seven or eight times in the 14 minutes before I was called to window 7.
Masked customers wait in line at the Hollywood DMV office, left, with a security guard, center, and a DMV employee spraying and wiping down chairs. (Adam Tschorn / Los Angeles Times)
8:24 a.m.: I handed the woman on the other side of the counter my yellow piece of paper and the supporting documents for my Real ID driver's license application. (In an effort to speed up this process, copies of these documents can be uploaded to the DMV in advance, although hard copies still must be presented at the time of your appointment.) The attendant at window 7 told me that since the office reopened, she interacted with between 20 and 25 customers a day — about half the number that appeared at her window each day before the field offices shut down in late March.
After she processed my application, she asked me to place my right thumb on a fingerprint scanner and then read several lines from an eye chart hanging above her head. She jotted something on the yellow piece of paper, handed it back to me and sent me to have my photograph taken while she photocopied my passport, Social Security card and the two utility bills I brought as supporting proof-of-address documents.
You might be maskless for all of five seconds, tops
8:29 a.m.: I was standing behind two other people — the longest line so far— waiting to have my photograph taken. Within five minutes, I stepped up to the desk and handed my yellow slip of paper to the fellow on the other side of the counter as he finished wiping down a thumbprint reader, a signature-recording touchscreen and a stylus. At his request, I pressed my right thumb on the reader, then signed my name on the touchpad with the stylus and then stepped off to my right and in front of the camera.
He asked me to doff my mask and stare straight ahead. I did both. The camera clicked, and less than five seconds later, my mask was back in place. The yellow slip of paper was back in my hand, and I headed back to window 7.
It'll go faster than you might expect
8:35 a.m.: Back at my original window, I handed off that yellow piece of paper one more time. In exchange for that — and a check covering the cost of the driver's license renewal — I received my supporting documents and a computer-printed interim driver's license, which is valid for two months. (I was told I should expect my Real ID driver's license to arrive by mail within about two weeks.) I made a beeline for the front door.
Outside, the line snaking around the corner and down the street seemed to have barely moved. A food truck had pulled into a parking spot across from the front door of the field office. I got in my car and drove around the block. The line of waiting people had extended farther up Wilcox Avenue toward Willoughby Avenue. I glanced at my watch. It was 8:38 a.m. on a Thursday morning in mid-July, and I felt like I had just set a land-speed record at the Hollywood DMV field office.
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text:
Wanderson ist der Kurzname folgender Personen:

 Wanderson do Carmo (* 1986), brasilianischer Fußballspieler
 Wanderson Costa Viana (* 1994), brasilianischer Fußballspieler
 Wanderson Santos Pereira (* 1991), brasilianischer Fußballspieler
 Wanderson Maciel Sousa Campos (* 1994), belgisch-brasilianischer Fußballspieler

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Office for sale in Sofia, QuarterCenter, Antim I, ul. Pirotska, Bulgaria. Furnished office in downtown Sofia in a very communicative place.
Extremely good offer on the market - top location meters from Opalchenska metro station, school and kindergarten, park "St. Nikola, convenient stops for regular public transport, Todor Alexandrov Blvd, Pirotska, Opalchenska and Tsar Simeon streets.
The office is located on the ground floor in a brick new building (2010) with excellently maintained, luxurious common parts, elevator and beautiful facade.
In addition there is a possibility of parking on the street.
The property is a 10-minute walk from the top center of Sofia. It offers easy access to everyday facilities, schools, recreation areas, walks and entertainment.


text:
Q: R: calculate number of occurrences which have started but not ended - count if within a datetime range I've got a dataset with the following shape
ID     Start Time             End Time
1   01/01/2017 00:15:00  01/01/2017 07:15:00
2   01/01/2017 04:45:00  01/01/2017 06:15:00
3   01/01/2017 10:20:00  01/01/2017 20:15:00
4   01/01/2017 02:15:00  01/01/2017 00:15:00
5   02/01/2017 15:15:00  03/01/2017 00:30:00
6   03/01/2017 07:00:00  04/01/2017 09:15:00

I would like to count every 15 min for an entire year how many items have started but not finished, so count the number of times with a start time greater or equal than the time I'm looking at and an end time less or equal than the time I'm looking at.
I'm looking for an approach using tidyverse/dplyr if possible.
Any help or guidance would be very much appreciated.

A: If I understand correctly, the OP wants to count the number of simultaneously active events.
One possibility to tackle this question is the coverage() function from Bioconductor's IRange package. Another one is to aggregate in a non-equi join which is available with the data.table package.
Non-equi join
# create sequence of datetimes (limited to 4 days for demonstration)
seq15 <- seq(lubridate::as_datetime("2017-01-01"),
          lubridate::as_datetime("2017-01-05"), by = "15 mins")
# aggregate within a non-equi join
library(data.table)
result <- periods[.(time = seq15), on = .(Start.Time <= time, End.Time > time),
        .(time, count = sum(!is.na(ID))), by = .EACHI][, .(time, count)]
result

                    time count
  1: 2017-01-01 00:00:00     0
  2: 2017-01-01 00:15:00     1
  3: 2017-01-01 00:30:00     1
  4: 2017-01-01 00:45:00     1
  5: 2017-01-01 01:00:00     1
 ---
381: 2017-01-04 23:00:00     0
382: 2017-01-04 23:15:00     0
383: 2017-01-04 23:30:00     0
384: 2017-01-04 23:45:00     0
385: 2017-01-05 00:00:00     0

The result can be visualized graphically:
library(ggplot2)
ggplot(result) + aes(time, count) + geom_step()

Data
periods <- readr::read_table(
  "ID     Start.Time             End.Time
1   01/01/2017 00:15:00  01/01/2017 07:15:00
2   01/01/2017 04:45:00  01/01/2017 06:15:00
3   01/01/2017 10:20:00  01/01/2017 20:15:00
4   01/01/2017 02:15:00  01/01/2017 00:15:00
5   02/01/2017 15:15:00  03/01/2017 00:30:00
6   03/01/2017 07:00:00  04/01/2017 09:15:00"
)

# convert date strings to class Date
library(data.table)
cols <- names(periods)[names(periods) %like% "Time$"]
setDT(periods)[, (cols) := lapply(.SD, lubridate::dmy_hms), .SDcols = cols]
periods

   ID          Start.Time            End.Time
1:  1 2017-01-01 00:15:00 2017-01-01 07:15:00
2:  2 2017-01-01 04:45:00 2017-01-01 06:15:00
3:  3 2017-01-01 10:20:00 2017-01-01 20:15:00
4:  4 2017-01-01 02:15:00 2017-01-01 00:15:00
5:  5 2017-01-02 15:15:00 2017-01-03 00:30:00
6:  6 2017-01-03 07:00:00 2017-01-04 09:15:00

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Do you need to borrow extra money on your interest only mortgage?
Borrowing more money on your mortgage can be a cost effective way of borrowing money whether it be for Home Improvements, Debt Consolidation, wedding, holiday, deposit on another property, business purposes, the list is almost endless.
By borrowing the money on your interest only mortgage you can often benefit from a lower interest rate as well as a longer term on the loan which can help make the monthly repayments more affordable, however, what happens if you have an interest only mortgage and your lender will either not lend you anymore or insist you convert your existing mortgage to a Repayment method if you borrow more?
Mortgage Magpie can introduce you to a Mortgage Professional that can look at a variety of ways of borrowing more money without losing the terms of your existing interest only mortgage.
Previous Post: Do you need to borrow additional money on your mortgage?
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BEIRUT, LEBANON (2:00 P.M.) – Iraq, Lebanon, and Jordan are allegedly preparing a tripartite proposal to lift the suspension on Syria's membership in the Arab League, the Middle East Monitor reported on Tuesday.
Citing Lebanese sources, the Middle East Monitor alleged that the proposal will be presented tomorrow at the Arab League Economic Summit in Beirut.
The report says that Egypt will also be supporting the proposal.
Several Lebanese politicians from the March 14th bloc have accused Foreign Minister Gebran Bassil of using this summit to restore Syria's role in the Arab League.
Among those making these claims are members of the rival Lebanese Forces Party, who oppose normalizing relations with the Syrian government.
Syria was formally suspended from the Arab League in 2012 after a joint Qatari-Saudi resolution was passed regarding their membership in the regional organization.
Syria should reject being part of the Arab-League ever again as a snub.


text:
HomeAndroidSatellite for 5G is the new initiative launched by ESA for the next generation Internet
/Dreamtale
Satellite for 5G is the new initiative launched by ESA for the next generation Internet
The Air and Space Show in Paris was the theater of the Agreement signed between the ' ESA (European Space Agency) and sixteen other European space companies to launch the new initiative Satellite for 5G . The aim is to launch a new series of satellites to be used to perform some tests and show potential partners the benefits of 5G networks satellite than terrestrial ones.
The advantage of satellite connectivity is no doubt, since it can easily reach places in the mountains or islands, which could not be achieved with traditional terrestrial antennas. More details on the agreement and the tests to be conducted should be available next week, at the conference Space and Satcom for 5G scheduled on 27 and 28 June.
Meanwhile Magali Vasserie, director of telecommunications for the European Space Agency, said:
" The 5G networks provide a great opportunity to the space industry, allowing satellites to space and to become an integral part of the next generation of services and network infrastructure. The joint declaration shows that the parties are ready to join forces to achieve this ambitious goal. ESA will define the support structure and will strengthen and coordinate contacts with the institutions, in particular with the European Commission. "
Jump to: 5G networks in Italy: it starts from Milan, Prato, L'Aquila, Bari and Matera
The rocket "Rokot" will be launched for the last time at the beginning of 2018
Demands packets for mobile Internet traffic only: the Internet Keys remain the favorites
Free Internet in public places across Europe thanks to WiFi4Eu
The European Commission stands up against the misguided behavior of Internet giants…
This person is lazy, nothing left!


Millions of people find themselves strapped for cash every once in awhile. You might have a car payment that's due before your next payday, or the energy bill for this month is much higher than you expected. In any case, getting a loan from a Pawn Shop in Lincoln Park might just be the move you need to make. Let's take a closer look at these loans and how they work.
For starters, these loans are short-term loans, and are typically much easier to get than regular loans from larger lenders. Large lenders provide loans based on a borrower's credit history and current finances. Pawn shops are some of the only short-term lenders who aren't concerned with your credit score or whether or not you're employed.
Collateral is the one thing that pawn shops are most concerned with. A Pawn Shop in Lincoln Park accepts a number of items from borrowers. You can provide jewelry, electronic equipment, appliances, musical instruments, and so forth. The owners of the pawn shop will carefully examine your item and determine a reasonable value. Instead of giving you a loan that equals the full value of the item, the loan will only be a fraction of what the item is actually worth.
It could take weeks before you receive a loan from a larger lender, however, with a gold and silver pawn shop you can expect to receive your loan within minutes. Since this is a short-term loan you won't have years or months to pay it back. The typical length of a loan from a pawn shop is 30 days. In addition to this 30 days borrowers might receive an additional 30 days as a grace period.
If borrowers need more time to pay back a loan in full, they can request an extension or renewal. Both requests will require you to pay the amount of interest that's due, and will extend the length of the loan for 'X' number of days. If you're simply unable to pay back the loan, or you let your due date expire, your collateral can be seized to pay for the loan amount due. Luckily, most pawn shops are very understanding and are willing to work with borrowers in order to receive payment in full. For more information visit http://clarkpawners.com/lincoln-park.htm .


text:
Incredibly honored to have been selected for this year's Sundance Film Music and Sound Design Lab
Added on June 26, 2019 by Gene Back.
See press release! https://www.sundance.org/blogs/news/2019-film-music-sound-design-lab
Excited to see SOJOURN streaming on Amazon Prime's inaugural All Voices Film Festival
Scored with a mix of orchestral and electronic tones, it was a pleasure to work on this emotional and poetic film.
Hey Guys, Sojourn will be streaming on @amazonprimevideo starting today - June 24th apart of the #AllVoicesFilmFestival . We are one of the finalists and need your support! Head over to the link in the bio to watch Sojourn! The judges are looking at the quality of the film, streams, metrics and algorithms so your support matters! Ways To Stream Sojourn: Free for Amazon Prime Members $2.99 to Rent $9.99 to Buy Thanks to @amazonprimevideo for the amazing opportunity. Thanks to my producers our superb cast @jermellesimon @phredericsemaj @tajavsimpson crew, and the crazy amount of support from friends and family! And this this is just the beginning 👀😳 #sojournthefilm #BlackMaleMentalWealth Thanks! Sojourn Team ✊🏿🌸
Honored and thrilled to have been selected into the THEatre Accelerator Winter 2019 development program for Burning Man: The Musical
Added on January 23, 2019 by Gene Back.
Nearly four years of hard work into composing Burning Man: The Musical, it's incredibly exciting to be invited to participate in one of the coolest theatre development programs out there. Getting ready for two weeks of figuring out how to best place our show with some of the most innovative people in the industry. Check out more details about the other shows and info about THEatre Accelerator here!
Excited to share new co-write, "Countdown Forever" by Berlin-based artist, Jinka
Added on March 27, 2018 by Gene Back.
As the artist herself describes it: Happy Trip Pop. "Countdown Forever" was actually the first song we've co-written together. And expect more to come. We wanted to convey the idea of weightlessness, as if drifting into space in convoluted space-time. All pulled in together under the production world of Tobias Kuhn.
Special shoutout to "Cake" directed by Anne Hu, from Bushwick to Taiwan
Having had the pleasure of scoring the music for this film, "Cake" has now shown (and continues to show!) at more than a dozen festivals around the world, with several awards attached. The amazing director, Anne Hu, is literally making waves at the Women Make Waves festival in Taiwan, and if you get a chance to see the film a screening near you, you owe it to yourself to follow the Facebook page/blog! www.cakethefilm.com
All recent commercial finishes will no longer be posted on news! Instead...
Added on July 25, 2017 by Gene Back.
Please check periodically at this link:
www.genebackmusic.com/recent
Scoring "The Wolf" Featuring Christian Slater
Added on February 10, 2017 by Gene Back.
Excited to have been part of this new short film from HP Studios, featuring Christian Slater, titled "The Wolf." The trailer gives a sneak peak at the score, which involved lots of synth, fx processing, and rethinking how I look at my printer. Sounds funny, but you'll see why when the full film comes out Feb 14!
"Dear Angelica" from Oculus' Story Studio at Sundance
Proud to have been part of the team that composed the soundtrack for this groundbreaking VR film, "Dear Angelica" premiered at Sundance New Frontiers to much acclaim. There's a lot that went behind making this film, so check out what Wired and Variety had to say.
What happy holidays can mean on a whole other level
Added on December 19, 2016 by Gene Back.
Honda really brought it with this campaign, where they provided amazing holiday VR magic to kids in the hospital. An inspiring and emotional video to work on. Wishing everyone a happy and compassionate holiday season.
Bringing out the big strings on Mercedes Benz
Added on October 3, 2016 by Gene Back.
Featuring celebrity chef Dabiz Munoz and the new GLC Coupe, this one references Handel turned up to 11. Figuring out ways to amp up the Baroque sound into something huge and modern is not something one gets to do everyday, so this was especially fun to compose and record. Also, switching between multiple overdubs of violin and viola made me appreciate how small the violin really is.
Drumroll, and presenting, Burning Man: The Musical "A Burning Mixtape"
Added on August 22, 2016 by Gene Back.
After months of hard work and serious multi-tasking, we (Matt Werner, writer/ myself, composer) are proud to release the first album of songs for Burning Man: The Musical! For those just hopping aboard this crazy train, check out Broadway World's preview.
Composing and producing the music has been a uniquely fun and challenging task, juggling between EDM, fugue, 60s folk, psychedelic rock n' roll, and hip hop, all the while maintaining some of that Broadway tone. BTW if you can figure out which Mozart piece we re-purposed into a contrapuntal dance anthem, and why we chose this particular piece, you'll see where our head's been at lately. And this is just the beginning...
Listen/Download for free at burningmanthemusical.com.
Making soundtrack DEWcisions for Mountain Dew's new VR Campaign
Added on May 31, 2016 by Gene Back.
Making music flavors for this NASCAR themed campaign took a bit more than what genre fit the best. Between setting the mood with some head banging hard rock as you're sitting next to Dale Earnhardt Jr., punching out surf punk during "Baja Blast," and laying down futuristic electro in "Pitch Black," making sure all these cues blended together with accompanying slo-mo cues was the real fun. Check out Mountain Dew's interactive YouTube videos where you can rotate the screen as you drive.
Flexing sinister synth work for Met-Rx
Added on April 29, 2016 by Gene Back.
Excited to have worked on Met-Rx's new and furious ad campaign, this one required pulling out tricks from the engineering toolbox. The slow minimal includes menacing low strings, deep percussion, synthetic sound design elements, a continually evolving synth theme, and plenty of sound modulation/filtering. Gotta love the monster.
Some quick slaps, snaps and funkiness with new Dick's Sporting Goods spot
Making the soundtrack for this one was a fun challenge. This cool new spot features quick footwork from across the spectrum of sports. And since the piece gets faster and faster, recording multiple takes of the thigh slapping and snapping by the end worked a few muscles.
Fun times from working on soundtrack for hilarious new video featuring Andy Samberg
With monsters getting ready for the big game, GB soundtracking kicks in for the second cue starting at :55 with some soft electric guitars transitioning into a full blown inspirational brass filled jam.
End of Winter Highlights. Hooray for Spring.
A few soundtrack highlights from the last season. Coming soon: new "Burning Man: The Musical" tracks, some VR action, a couple short films, and more ads.
Featured on the Ad Club of New York Insider front page with Wakey!Wakey!
A crazy coincidence brought an old friend, Mike Grubbs of Wakey!Wakey!, and I together to play a short set for an awesome event on music in advertising, presented by the Advertising Club of New York. Back in the old days I used to play violin for Wakey!Wakey!. And now as an Ad Club member, this little live reunion couldn't have been more fun and appropriate! Check out the interview and videos in time for Wakey!Wakey!'s new record release, which also features some GB violin action.
"Burning Man: The Musical" begins its first round of online music videos
It's exactly what the title suggests...Burning Man: The Musical! A project that started a few months ago in collaboration with the musical's executive producer/creator, Matt Werner, the opening sequence has now been made into a music video for YouTube. Composing and recording the music brought a unique GB challenge to bring unlikely genres of music together, such as EDM, dub step, drum circling, and epic power ballads. We're on track to release more videos, and who knows, take the whole thing to Broadway? Visit www.burningmanthemusical.com.
Wrapping up Amazon Audible's "Stories That Surround You" Artist Profile Campaign
Honored to have worked on a project involving such amazing artists, Audible's "Stories That Surround You" Artist Profile campaign comes to an end with a great behind-the-scenes video. The Artist Profile series features original GB soundtracks and variations tailored for each individual artist, including the finale video below.
Original soundtrack for the official int'l trailer of "Queen of the Desert" starring Nicole Kidman, directed by Werner Herzog
This international trailer of "Queen of the Desert" – the latest feature film directed by Werner Herzog starring Nicole Kidman, James Franco, and Damien Lewis – features an original GB soundtrack from start to finish. Elements include epic orchestral arrangements, themes to help support the historical and cultural contexts of the film, and some serious drama. Check out the film website and the trailer below.


text:
/** @babel */

/* eslint-env jasmine */
import log4js from 'log4js'
import PkgGroupsGroup from '../lib/pkg-groups-group'

const logger = log4js.getLogger('pkg-groups-group-spec')
logger.level = 'debug'

describe('PkgGroupsGroup', () => {
  let betty
  const pkgList = ['pkg-groups', 'MagicPython', 'project-manager']

  beforeEach(() => {
    betty = new PkgGroupsGroup({name: 'test1', packages: pkgList, type: 'group', deserializer: 'pkgGroupsGroup'})
  })

  it('has a name', () => {
    let fred = new PkgGroupsGroup({name: 'fred', packages: [], type: 'group'})
    expect(fred.name).toBe('fred')
  })

  it('has a list of packages', () => {
    expect(betty.name).toBe('test1')
    for (const pkg of pkgList) {
      expect(betty.has(pkg))
    }
    expect(betty.size).toEqual(pkgList.length)
  })

  it('serializes', () => {
    let data = betty.serialize()
    // verify that data is in fact convertible
    let checkConvert = JSON.stringify(data)
    expect(checkConvert).toContain('"type":"group"')
    expect(data['type']).toEqual('group')
    expect(data['name']).toEqual('test1')
    expect(data['packages']).toContain('pkg-groups')
    expect(data['deserializer']).toEqual('PkgGroupsGroup')
  })

  it('can call a function with each package', () => {
    let actual = []
    /* actual signature is (value, key, iter) */
    /* for a Set value === key, and iter === the Set */
    const add = (value) => actual.push(value)
    betty.forEach(add)
    const expected = ['pkg-groups', 'MagicPython', 'project-manager']
    expect(actual).toEqual(expected)
  })

  it('can pass a context to the callback', () => {
    let actualContext = { pkgs: [] }
    const expected = ['pkg-groups', 'MagicPython', 'project-manager']
    /* actual signature is (value, key, iter) */
    /* for a Set value === key, and iter === the Set */
    const add = function (value) { this.pkgs.push(value) }
    betty.forEach(add, actualContext)
    expect(actualContext.pkgs).toEqual(expected)
  })
})

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Dark Paradigm Series
In the wake of the 'event', Ed Howey struggles to secure food for his family.
Danger and fear are his constant companions during his frantic attempt to survive as society breaks down.
Pale Road is a short post-apocalyptic story.
Half a world away in Spain and running from his past, a Los Angeles gangster unwittingly takes a train that's headed straight into a terrorist attack. He survives only to face an even deadlier threat.
On that same train: a virologist with clues to a deadly epidemic. Did his secrets die with him in the strike?
Raging in the aftermath, a foul-tempered police chief with a daughter caught in the attack thirsts for revenge. But against whom?
An orphan child without a name, disappears down a dark, illegal CIA mind-control programme. Now trained in the ways of death, he prepares to do his master's twisted bidding.
Haleema Sheraz, a cyber hacker for the Iranian government, discovers her father has gone missing. Frustrated at the lack of urgency from the police, she investigates and soon reveals a kidnapping network that spans back to Operation Paperclip in World War II.
Meanwhile, her brothers join an ISIS-inspired uprising that is wreaking havoc inside Iran, and finding her father quickly becomes a mission to save her family.
Joe Bowen and Hugo Reese continue to prepare Liberatus for a wider global struggle and find themselves called to help one of their own secret assets; Sirus aka Haleema Sheraz.
Soon they will all be thrust into the battle zone and their lives will change irreversibly in this epic story of bitter struggle against the backdrop of total war.
Zoe Bowen, working at a corporate financial institution loses her boyfriend to a suspicious suicide. She soon unravels a financial conspiracy to cause a worldwide drought.
The fourth in the Dark Paradigm series. Release date TBC.
The main protagonists, along with the rest of the world awake to a different reality. The war and struggle for freedom is only just beginning.


Join Kirkland Nissan at the GE2 Gaming Event this weekend, October 21st and 22nd at CenturyLink Field in Seattle.
Kirkland Nissan will be taking a Nissan GTR and a Modified Nissan Titan (the Zombie Hunter lol), we will also be giving away a Swag Pack of GTR items at the event.
*One Grand Prize Winner will be notified via Facebook Messenger on Monday 0ctober 23rd 2017, see instructions for entry, you do not have to be present to win.


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ChocoCherryCoco: Ready, Get set, Go!
As part of my weight-loss effort, I plan to exercise more regularly. This is why I decided to have my broken treadmill repaired. I have been putting it off for a while because I was afraid of the repair costs. You see, it won't power up so thought some parts may need replacing. But since my clothes are already threatening to burst every time I wear them, I decided to call the Service Department of Toby's Sports House so a repair guy can come over to my house and fix my treadmill. It turned out that I didn't have to pay a cent because he fixed it free of charge. Maybe no parts were needed to be replaced and first-time repair services are waived. Had I known this sooner, I would have called them immediately after my treadmill broke down! Anyway, what's important is that it's fixed now and I can start running to my heart's content. Add to that some weight-lifting and portion-control and I'm on my way to a slimmer body. I hope!


Posted at 11:51 am on February 12, 2018 by Doug P.
Why do you employ this disgusting man?
What about his comment is OK with you?
You have a serious problem with a man like @CillizzaCNN who would put a comment like this on Twitter.
Ladies and gentlemen, I present Chris Cillizza, art critic.
Your political views are usually just wrong, but your comments on this artist's rendering of Michelle Obama are contemptible.
Editor's note: Due to a technical problem the content of this post disappeared briefly and has been re-created.


Ultraluminous x-ray sources (ULXs) are strange objects in other galaxies that cannot be explained by conventional accretion onto stellar-mass objects. This has led to exotic interpretations, such as the long-sought intermediate-mass black holes. Israel et al. observed a ULX in the nearby galaxy NGC 5907 and found that it is instead a neutron star. The spinning neutron star is accreting material so fast that its spin period is quickly accelerating. The only way that it can consume enough material to explain these properties is if it has a strong multipolar magnetic field.
Ultraluminous x-ray sources (ULXs) in nearby galaxies shine brighter than any x-ray source in our Galaxy. ULXs are usually modeled as stellar-mass black holes (BHs) accreting at very high rates or intermediate-mass BHs. We present observations showing that NGC 5907 ULX is instead an x-ray accreting neutron star (NS) with a spin period evolving from 1.43 seconds in 2003 to 1.13 seconds in 2014. It has an isotropic peak luminosity of ~1000 times the Eddington limit for a NS at 17.1 megaparsec. Standard accretion models fail to explain its luminosity, even assuming beamed emission, but a strong multipolar magnetic field can describe its properties. These findings suggest that other extreme ULXs (x-ray luminosity ≥ 1041 erg second−1) might harbor NSs.


There are loads of fun things that you can do as a Cub Scout. You will get a chance to try lots of different activities like swimming, music, exploring, computing and collecting. If you do them properly you will get a badge which you can wear on your uniform. Cub Scouts also get to go on trips and days out, to places like the zoo, theme parks or a farm. Sometimes you will be able to go camping with the rest of your Pack. This will mean you sleeping in a tent and doing loads of outdoor activities. Young people join Cubs when they are 8 years old and move up to Scouts when they are 10½. For more information on the type of badges and awards cub scouts earn please click here. Uniform Diagrams For further enquiries please Contact us.


This Pierre Cardin Panel Seam T Shirt provides a different take on the classic tee, with colour contrasting short sleeves and stitched panels across the front. The shirt is made from a soft cotton and polyester mix, making it lightweight and comfortable to wear. The neckline, like the sleeves, is in a contrasting colour while the Pierre Cardin logo stitched on the left chest adds a designer feel.


text:
Suzy Bogguss-Recap
Oct 2, 2017 | 2017-2018 Season
HOLSTEIN TAKEN BY (A Country) STORM!
– By Cary K. & Victoria Conover –
The Clausen Center seemed aglow with electricity as the patrons awaited the introduction of Suzy Bogguss, the evening's star attraction. Theater-goers seemed as excited as a three year old running with a pair of scissors, and well they should! Ticket holders have learned over the previous forty-nine performances here that they were soon to be richly rewarded with a top-notch, first-class experience.
Suzy Bogguss, the acclaimed CMA, ACM, and Grammy award-winning singer, brought her entire treasury of collective experiences for her Holstein performance. Whether performing for a command performance at the White House, the Tonight Show with Jay Leno, Regis and Kelly or Holstein's own Clausen Center, she truly is the consummate entertainer. The two gloves fit the hand perfectly with her accompanists: a double bass player, Charlie, and Craig, a country western acoustic guitar player from a small island off the northern Scotland coast. (I know, weird!).
After growing up in a small town just across the river in Illinois with her brother, who played football for the University of Iowa, Suzy spent almost five years living in a camper, traveling the country as a troubadour. Her dad was a machinist for International Harvester, and her growing up years included activities like snipe-hunting, so Suzy was the perfect fit for the Clausen Center's eighth year Opening Night!
From the very first song, Suzy had us. I mean lock, stock, and barrel, she had us. A rich, alto voice that was perfectly suited to storytelling served her well. Her melodies were honest and true: "you change just like the weather," her vocal stories revealing: "I'm fallin' for a cowboy in a Coupe de Ville," and her endearing small town qualities were seeping throughout every song and personal story: "I make the little spider cookies at Halloween and everything." As she referenced our "intimate audience," she let loose with many stories and one-liners, not only to entertain, but also to give us her insight, perceptions and humor. "Did you ever buy a cured ham and then wonder what it had?"
Suzy has had a life-long love of Merle Haggard's music and did a tribute album to Merle called "Lucky" from which she performed the title cut, "I Always Get Lucky with You" – a haunting, smoky, grab-at-your-gut piece of satisfaction. "These are meaty melodies, meaty stories," she says of his songs. "I love sinking my teeth into them." Well, if Merle provides the meat, Suzy provides the dessert! The audience was treated to a beautiful guitar solo in the song, "Today I Started Loving You Again," and the tribute included the always-fun, "Let's Chase Each Other Round the Room Tonight".
As a frequent guest on PBS's "A Prairie Home Companion" with Garrison Keillor, Suzy toured with him in 2009. A Keillor trademark was an audience sing-a-long. This led to heart-gripping, emotion-grabbing songs that pull you in as if Suzy was a vacuum and the audience spilled Cheerios. Those songs included the gorgeous, "Oh Shenandoah" and "Red River Valley" and "I am a Poor Wayfaring Stranger." You couldn't not feel both the empathy and the jubilation from her offerings. At one point in the show, the house lights came up and absolutely everyone was focused on Suzy with rapt attention, not so much as anyone scratching an itch, and all leaning forward. She had us!
Her flip side gave us toe-tapping, knee-slapping, 'ye haw' songs like, "Drive South" and "I Want to be a Cowboy's Sweetheart" with a little bit of yodeling thrown in for good measure. Her ability to transform and pull us into her musical world made her mesmerizing.
This writer was able to talk with Suzy at the conclusion of her performance, and she left me with these thoughts about the Rosemary Clausen Center for Performing Arts facility: "You can have anybody here, playing in that auditorium, anyone that you want in the whole wide world . . . you can bring in any entertainment you want." High praise from someone who has seen it all and experienced most of it.
Remember the "electric glow" from the beginning of the concert? Well, it followed everyone out of the auditorium and into their cars, and it lasted throughout the ensuing hours, days, and weeks. Well done, Suzy Bogguss!


text:
Zweifarbiges Birnmoos wird als Bezeichnung für zwei Moosarten der Gattung der Birnmoose (Byrum) verwendet:

Bryum barnesii
Bryum bicolor


Timbers fastened with time-honored mortise-and-tenon joinery; nary a nail to be found!
Front door built of rough-hewn planks accented by custom-designed and hand-forged iron hardware.
Iron work throughout was individually designed for function and location; each piece was hand forged. Many carry a "mountain, mesa and flowers in the field" theme.
Hand-forged iron strapping on the huge support beams provide a dramatic transition to the stone plinths on which they sit. Custom flower basket hangers add a welcoming touch.
Towering timbers, one 72-feet long, compound diagonal braces and double-knee braces all using mortise-and-tenon joinery, oak pegs, cherry wood splines and shear blocks.


Do not watch this video if you can't stand dogs getting shot and a SWAT team terrorizing a Columbia, Missouri family over a few pot pipes. I first blogged this on 10 May 2010. There has been some reaction to that video which I will get to shortly.
What was the disposition of the case?
In the end the victim pleaded guilty to the misdemeanor charge of possession of drug paraphernalia in exchange for dropping the charges of misdemeanor marijuana possession and second-degree child endangerment. Yes, you read that right: the police burst into this man's home, shooting weapons in his home and killing his dog with his seven-year-old sleeping in the next room and he's the one who was endangering his child by smoking pot in his own home.
It seems that that was not the only disposition. Here is what Norm Stamper, Seattle's retired Chief of Police, had to say today about the raid.
As they are forced onto the floor, a young male is brought into the room. He is handcuffed and pushed against a wall.
"What did I do? What did I DO?" he shouts, as the woman and the child cower on the floor nearby.
We then learn the source of the dog's pained cries.
He, the woman and the child all break into pitiful sobs.
As of late October, just five months after it was posted, the Columbia police raid video has been viewed nearly two million times on YouTube. The clip quickly ricocheted across cyberspace, generating emotionally charged, outraged calls for the officers to be fired and prosecuted. Or subjected to the same kind of treatment that terrorized their fellow citizens.
Public indignation over the incident intensified when it was learned that the Columbia SWAT team was executing an eight-day-old search warrant, and that the only things seized were a pipe containing a small amount of marijuana residue. Since possession of small amounts of pot had long ago been essentially decriminalized in Columbia, the man was charged with simple possession of drug paraphernalia, a misdemeanor.
Yet as former Cato staffer Radley Balko, who wrote about the Columbia video, has noted, what's most remarkable about the raid is that it wasn't remarkable at all. The only thing that made it unusual was that it was videotaped and made public, thanks to a Freedom of Information Act request by the Columbia Daily Tribune newspaper.
There are still a few "Americans" around who say the punishments are not near draconian enough. But they are getting fewer each day. And they are getting pariah status as any police state advocates should.
Fortunately that distrust is growing every day. And one day it will be over and the folks behind these atrocities will do their best to avoid being connected in any way with their past. Just as after the war it was hard to find many Nazis in Germany. It really is a wonder that America has let things get this far.
But in a way it is not too surprising. It seems every country needs its scape goats. Germany had its Jews. America has its dopers. I just wonder who will be the targets of all that leftover police hardware when dopers are no longer suitable targets? They are going to need a whole new class of scapegoats.
Maybe we can learn from South Pacific.
On the other hand that was 1949. Evidently we have forgotten what was once as plain as the nose on your face. Mass hate leads to mass atrocities. And not even the Shining City on the Hill is immune. Especially when you consider that Jew hatred in America peaked in 1944. Just before the unmasking of the German atrocities. We are now in the process of unmasking a new round of hatred. It can't happen soon enough.


text:
Thane News
Bullet train can start after better rail infrastructure, services: NCP to Shiv Sena
Manoj Badgeri | TNN | Updated: Jun 18, 2019, 10:42 IST
THANE: Activists and political parties have urged the central and state governments to first improve the sagging railway services beyond Thane before laying a red carpet for the bullet train project.
The issue came up after the Thane Municipal Corporation (TMC) proposed to change the reservation of nearly 36 hectares of land set aside for schools, hospitals, recreational grounds, crematorium among others to open up land for the construction of a station and laying tracks for the bullet train route in the northern part of the city. The issue may be brought up at the Thane general body for its approval on Wednesday.
The city unit of the National Congress Party (NCP) on Monday took the opportunity to lambast the Shiv Sena for ignoring existing problems plaguing the railway infrastructure and usher in the bullet project instead.
"Daily commuters from Diva and Dombivli, Kalyan face problems in boarding the packed trains and lives are unnecessarily lost. The elected representatives must exert pressure on the government to ensure basic railway facilities are improved first. We will oppose the bullet project till then," said NCP leader Anand Paranjape.
Keeping in mind the recent instances of delayed train schedules of the Central Railway from Diva and Dombivli, city activists suggested that the government must focus on the current commuting problems in the city instead of pushing the bullet train project that can be developed later.
Thousands risk their lives by travelling in crowded trains and several die after falling off from the jam-packed compartments, said the acitivists. Thye urged the authorities to look into this issue first.


Steve John is a travel blogger working for Tripiflights past 12 years. With 10 years of blogging experience, he has combined the taste of traveling, writing and photography in one thread. He has been associating with Team Tripiflights, and helps others to follow their passion for traveling and exploring destinations while sticking in a certain budget every time.


Baby Driver is being billed as a throwback to classic car chase movies, but it wasn't the only film in 2017 that delivered some pulse-pounding automotive action. Released earlier this year, John Wick: Chapter 2 opened with Keanu Reeves reducing a Ford Mustang to a mangled wreck in an action-packed scene set in a warehouse, using the muscle car's heft as a weapon to smash into cars and take out assassins. Stunt coordinator Darrin Prescott sat down with Variety to break down the film's opening action scene.
In one in-car shot, Prescott explained that you can see Reeves purposely didn't have his thumbs wrapped around the steering wheel rim on impact. Apparently, this is an old stuntman trick to avoid breaking them. As for the fancy tail-slides, those were handled by stunt driver Jeremy Fry who also showed off his driving skills in Baby Driver. In one standout stunt, Fry performed a "flying drift," sending the Mustang sideways as it jumped out of the warehouse. The ambitious scene took seven or eight takes to get right. In the first take, one of the Mustangs was crushed when the driver mistimed the stunt and clipped the side of the warehouse. Sadly, all five Mustangs used for the film were wrecked.


text:
Shantipura is a village in Malia tehsil, Junagadh district, Gujarat, India. Its population is 1,973. Shantipura is believed to be the place where the ancient Shudra community of Kshatriyas first took its place as the warriors of the Koli warrior elite.

References

External links
 Village website

Villages in Junagadh district


Ride-on toys are good gifts for your kids when he/she starts to walk. Safe & durable, these top rated ride-on toys are made by quality brands Power Wheels, Radio Flyer, PlasmaCar, PlaSmart, Delhi Metropark etc.
TopBestPrice.com helps you shop for the best top 20 best selling ride-on toys (2019) reviews deals. Our visitors have identified the following search terms as useful for finding the best deals they were after, such as .


text:
shakespeare in fiction and fact: grace tiffany
Riveting fiction and Shakespeare chat for lovers of the English Renaissance
About Grace Tiffany
Hot Shakespeare Film, Radio, & Other Stuff
Books and Short Fiction
Shakespeare Puzzle
Learning Political Dialogue from Theater
Can it be fewer than four weeks since the Election? Has the transformation of our national reality occurred so quickly, and are we already used to it? The answer to this question, as to so many questions (especially when Shakespeare is bound to make an appearance), is, yes and no. Over the past few weeks the expressions of shock and horror on my Facebook page (yours may be different) have abated in number, but not in intensity. I'm trying to stay off Facebook, and am reluctant to add to the stew of editorial responses to what happened on November 8th. However, I am committed to a blog post every month, and now, in the wake of so many ruinous Thanksgiving conversations and fracturings of families and friendships, I am moved to consider what Shakespeare might have had to say about our present political situation.
Shakespeare's political plays are full of power conflict. But the arguments mainly concern which individual person should be in charge of the country. Democracy? No.
Posted by Grace Tiffany at 8:19 AM No comments:
A Beachin' Novel about the Gunpowder Plot
"A consistently compelling read from beginning to end .... showcases author Grace Tiffany as an extraordinarily gifted storyteller of the first order." --James Cox, Midwest Book Review. "Rich and vivid detail . . . Provides readers with some complex thoughts on the role of religious terrorism throughout history." – Historical Novel Society. (Click on image to order GUNPOWDER PERCY.)
Grace Tiffany
Grace Tiffany is a Shakespeare scholar who likes to make things up. She's not the only one of those, but she has a novel approach. Her newest work of fiction, GUNPOWDER PERCY, was published in 2016 by Bagwyn Books.
Expert Editorial
Need beta readers for your fiction? Click on image. Copyediting, proofreading, internal consistency, grammar.
Has Shakespeare Gone Postal?
Vintage Postage-Stamp Jewelry by Beth Crook-Derdivanis
The All-Male Propeller Company stages TWELFTH NIGHT in Ann Arbor, Michigan, February, 2013
The Shakespeare Coat of Arms
is a Shakespeare scholar and a novelist. She writes and teaches in Kalamazoo, Michigan.
Shakespeare's "The Tempest," critical edition
Click on image for more about this edition
Approaches to Teaching "Shrew"
Ed. M. Dupuis and G. Tiffany
A novel based on the life of Emilia Lanier
Erotic Beasts and Social Monsters: Shakespeare, Jonson, and Comic Androgyny
By Grace Tiffany. Click on image for more about this book.
The On-Stage Bear
"Exit pursued by a bear," at act 3, scene 3, line 58 of Shakespeare's The Winter's Tale. Directors have long entertained themselves solving the problem of how old Antigonus is to be chased off stage by a bear in this wilderness scene. The puzzle is mixed up with the question of whether this pivotal moment midway through the tragicomedy is tragic, or comic. The modern stage has used wheeled mechanical bears, shadow bears (see above), and actors in bear suits designed with varying degrees of realism. When my students staged this scene, one of them ran in with a puppet Winnie the Pooh and chased Antigonus out of the classroom. Perhaps, in this play deeply concerned with the seasonal cycle of death and rebirth (Antigonus doesn't outrun the bear, but the baby he's left in the wild survives), the best stage solution was the shaman bear, a man in Plains Indian garb and bearskin hood, who entered the stage in one American production and departed with Antigonus, hand in hand and both dancing to the beat of a drum.
What did Shakespeare and his fellows do for a bear? Something scarier, in my imagination. I describe it in Will, chapter 39. By the way, scholars have recently argued that Shakespeare had a hand in the early seventeenth-century play Mucedorus partly on the grounds that it also contains a chasing bear.
People love this stage direction. There's a theater collaborative in New York called "Exit Pursued by a Bear," and Zazzle sells T-shirts bearing (sorry) the stage direction. A nice discussion of the theatrical bear problem can be found in the "stage history" section of Lawrence Rhu's edition of The Winter's Tale (Wadsworth-Cengage, 2012).
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