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View on Strong Women
November 1, 2016 Trevor
Strong Women of Moapa Valley – Joan Rainey Day
Joan is a local artist and has lived the last 16 years in Moapa Valley, Overton, Nevada. Her colorful murals, with natural landscapes and wildlife, grace southern Nevada, Hawaii, and California businesses and homes. You can view public murals in Mesquite (Golden West Restaurant & Casino), Overton, and Moapa (Sugar's Home Plate, Muddy River Bar & Grill, Roos 'N More Zoo).
She has published two state park trail guides, one covering the Valley of Fire and the second containing trail guides of eight eastern Nevada state parks. She has also published an off-road trail guide for southeast Nevada and a plant guide featuring plants and flowers of the Lake Mead and Valley of Fire region. These guides can be found at the Valley of Fire visitors center, the Mesquite Chamber of Commerce, and some local businesses.
Joan's path in life has been varied and interesting. She's an amazing artist using many mediums, an author, avid horsewoman, and ATV enthusiast. Art is her center, and she has pursued her love of nature and the outdoors by visiting unique, sometimes exotic, places, and becoming one with her surroundings. She has kayaked the San Juan Islands, Tierra del Fuego, and the Amazon River. She's explored Machu Picchu in Peru, the Galapagos Islands off of South America, and the wonders of Australia and New Zealand.
She's traveled the United States promoting her wildlife jewelry business. Her jewelry can be found in state parks, natural history museums and retail resort outlets across the country. Years past, Joan worked as an instructor and guide in back country excursions in Mammoth, California. She has worked the past four summers as a trail guide and ranch hand in Utah.
This year, Joan accepted a position as a Site Monitor for Partners in Conservation (PIC) in Logandale Trails, providing assistance, monitoring the trails, and educating the public. She has created designs for promotional and marketing materials for PIC and a current project is creating a coloring book containing plants and wildlife of the area. This job was made for Joan as she loves the outdoors and sharing her knowledge with people.
She has volunteered many hours to non-profit organizations: Nevada Rock Art Foundation, mapping rock art for preservation and research; as a Water Safety volunteer on Lake Mead for the National Park Service, providing visitor assistance and search and rescue. Others include the Lost City Museum, Roos 'N More Zoo, Moapa Valley Revitalization Project, and as a Site Steward, monitoring archaeological sites and reporting back to designated agencies.
Joan also works as a substitute Teacher's Assistant with Clark County School District, working with many special needs students. She has reached children through art, breaking barriers in learning, and making emotional connections that have a positive lifetime impact.
Joan Rainey Day attended Mills College where she majored in zoology with a minor in botany. She also attended Cal Poly, San Luis Obispo, where she studied biology and worked as a biological illustrator and wildlife artist, and has a wealth of knowledge about biology, plants, and animals. That understanding has been reinterpreted in her artwork.
Joan's dedication to art, love of nature, and drive to preserve our natural resources, culture, and history for future generations make her the perfect choice to feature as a "Strong Woman of Moapa Valley." Like us, you would be proud to call her your friend.
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Gezary Matuda is a Brazilian Jiu Jitsu black belt under the legendary Ricardo Libório and one of the top competitors of her generation. Known for having what many have called "the most exciting style in BJJ" Gezary has also collected the accolades to go with, these include wins at the IBJJF World and Pans Championships at the black belt level.
Nickname: Gezary is often called 'Ge', a nickname that has followed her since childhood which is short for Gezary.
Gezary Matuda Bandeira was born on the 12th of July, 1983 in Curitiba, state of Paraná – Brazil. Her martial arts life started at the age of 15 through Capoeira. Two years later she added Muay Thai to her training, influenced by her brother who was a thai-boxer at the time. Gezary spent many years training, and it was through her Muay Thai coach that she found Jiu Jitsu in 2004. Her striking coach believed she should add some ground work to her training regime, as a result Matuda became a student of BJJ coach, Carlos 'Penão' Alexandre Conceição (a black belt under Carlson Gracie).
Although Gezary had always requested her Thai Boxing coach to fight, she never managed to get her time on the ring competitively. In Jiu Jitsu, on the other hand, she started competing with less then a month of training. This competitive facet of BJJ really captivated Gezary who became more and more a Jiu Jitsu fan, relegating the striking game.
'Penão' awarded Gezary all her belts from white to purple, after which Matuda moved to the United States with her husband. There she sought out coach Ricardo Liborio and his American Top Team. It was there that Gezary earned her brown and later her black belt (on July 2012) after winning the world championship.
When interviewed for this piece, Gezary left a message: "Thank you to BJJ Heroes, always believe in your dreams and never let anyone tell you what you can and cannot do! Believe it and it will happen! Osu".


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West Bloomfield's Mikaela Schulz is state's top girls junior golfer for second straight year
Detroit News staff
Mikaela Schulz, 17, of West Bloomfield has been named the 2018 Golf Association of Michigan Junior Girl's Player of Year for the second straight time.
Schulz, a Bloomfield Hills High student, plans to attend the University of Michigan on a golf scholarship in the fall.
Schulz topped the honor roll with 1,290 points. She won the Michigan Junior State Amateur Championship, which included being medalist in the stroke play qualifying portion. She also qualified for the U.S. Junior Girls in sectional qualifying in Ann Arbor.
Anika Dy of Traverse City West High was second on the honor roll with 903 points; Shannon Kennedy, Beverly Hills, third, 873; Danielle Staskowski, Clarkston, fourth, 723; and Kay Zubkus, Ada, fifth, 643.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Exam preparatory courses in Germany with the Evolanguage schools in Munich, Hamburg, Frankfurt & Mainz!
Highest Quality Exam Preparation Training in Germany! Learning German for telc, DSH and TestDaF with Evolanguage.
Prove to universities and global organisations you´ve got the German to succeed with a high telc examination score!
Our telc / Goethe / TestDaF / DSH exam preparatory courses are designed to help you gain the confidence you need to score high on your exam. These German language preparatory courses with the Evolanguage schools are courses for particpants who want to begin studying in Germany. The preparation course familiarizes you with all four components of the examinations. Improve your vocabulary and grammar, use of idiom, advanced communication skills, and prepare to sit the Geothe, telc, Test DaF or DSH exam, which is necessary for entry into a German university.
Why learning German in our exam preparatory courses?
If you 're looking to learn German intensively, in small groups in a manner tailored to your individual needs, and if you are an adult learner, who wants the quality of a professional German language school in Germany, Evolanguage in Germany is the school for you and then you are the kind of person, who will enjoy our Geman courses! Our classes are usually small, which means that your teacher can give you the personal attention you need. Participants are given plenty of opportunities to practise the spoken German language through discussions, debates and conversation activities, such as role-play and pair-work.
Pre-entry tests and feedback are given prior to the exam preparation courses to help you choose the right exam course for you. During the course you have mock tests, tutorials and past papers to help you succeed.
We offer intensive courses focusing on the techniques which will help you achieve the best result in your chosen exam.
Exam preparation courses (TestDaF, DSH, GoEthe & telc) in Frankfurt, Munich, Hamburg, Mainz and ONLINE or IN-HOUSE in Berlin, Düsseldorf, Koblenz, Wiesbaden, Düsseldorf, Aachen, Leipzig and Stuttgart!
Our German language trainers, see at once what students need and adapt the programme accordingly. All of them are university graduates and specialized in several fields, including legal, diplomatic and business German. Even in the group classes your German language trainer can concentrate on aspects of language relevant to your particular needs.
The small size classes at Evolanguage, entirely planned around your own particular needs, allow your teacher to give individual attention and cater to the particular difficulties of each person.
The universities are allowed to set their own version of the DSH exam within the given framework. It is therefore important to enquire about the particular requirements of the university in question. Be careful not to miss the final date of application date fort he DSH or Test DaF exam. The university must have received all the necessary documents by that date, otherwise your application will be denied!


There existed in my soul a faint modicum of hope regarding President Trump's forthcoming gaming 'summit'. As a person who does sometimes question the role hyper-violence can have on children who aren't properly raised, perhaps an honest to goodness discussion could be had with developers like Dan Houser, Ken Levine, Peter Molyneux, and others – with Donald Trump. Developers who have made incredibly violent games that had strong, artistic value – perhaps, just possibly, they could show him the way.
Instead, according to Polygon, we're getting the guy that flat-out lied about the dangers of the WWE in the 1990s, Gaming CEOs, and a lady who is about as conservative as they come. No game developers. No creatives. All business people; those who judge the industry not by the content of its character and artistic merit, but rather, by dollars and cents and terms like "Fiduciary Duty".
The official list of attendees includes Strauss Zelnick of Take Two Interactive, Robert Altman (no, not that one) of ZeniMax, Michael Gallagher of the ESA, Republican Representative Vicky Hartzler, and Brent Bozell of the Parents Television Council. None of whom have developed a video game.
That Trump chose to meet with CEOs and not creative types is an interesting – and possibly concerning, choice. Developers like Cliff Bleszinski or Jade Raymond, or the aforementioned Dan Houser or Kevin Levine, might be able to make a case for games as art, and communicate their immense value in a cultural sense. Stating that violence does not a violent person make, and to collectively shame the industry into self-censorship of any kind, would be both a violation of American principles, and stymie the creativity of some truly, wondrously, talented people with a passion for interactive storytelling.
But no. Instead, it's those guys' bosses….which makes sense in a way 'games as art' isn't really the question here, nor is their artistic merit. The question is whether violent games be easily accessible to children; and in the absence of parents to regulate and monitor their children's game playing habits, what is the role of business – and potentially the government – to restrict that access for their own good.
And…that's fundamentally a question for a business person. Who knows exactly how their titles are marketed, purchased, and enjoyed. They are people of data and statistics. Are the most violent games the most popular? What is the average age of a player with these games? Would they support actual laws restricting the sale of these games to people over the age of 18?
With Representative Bobby Nardolillo introducing a 10 percent tax on M-Rated games to the Rhode Island Legislator, and Hawaiian Representative Chris Lee previously introducing legislation to regulate games with Loot Boxes in them, it's clear people in power are willing – and perhaps eager, to legislate the content of interactive entertainment in the name of the greater good.
And as for what good will come out of the meeting with Donald Trump? You might just need a cheat code to find out.
Donald Trump's gaming summit is actually happening. The roll call for the meeting? Characteristically confusing. Read on to see who they are.


As many of you may know our beloved server has become what seems to be inactive, same with the forums. However, there is some good news. I myself have been working on a new update for the server, one that will get us closer to becoming more of what SA-MP is today than what it was in 2012-2013 when the server was in its prime. I want to do my best to restore the server to its prime, and I feel it can be done. However, I am not the most professional coder in the world, I have only been doing coding myself since 2015, and am still actively learning, so please bare with me. I will do my ultimate best to push out new updates as they come along.
On the case for the hosted tab, as many of you know the price has skyrocketed immensely. This is due to the fact that the internet list on the SA-MP client(0.3.7 R2 Update) has returned and many servers are on the tab itself (last time I checked, around 255). But, there is light at the end of the tunnel here as-well. Ricardo still has his game-mp account (official hosted tab list provider, not a reseller) so the price of our hosted tab, do we choose to buy will be a-lot lower than most resellers (resellers charge about 40 USD for it, game-mp will be around 25-30 USD, alot cheaper). Back to the topic of updates, I must make aware that I am in my last college class, and may focus on that more, but when I have time I always develop for the server.
I ask all of everyone who read this message to get this forum active again, and try and have some nostalgia again.
Re: The status of RFS.


BlazeDVD Pro 7 – one of the best region-free DVD Player chosen by millions of users from all over the world to bring you the ultimate real theater enjoyment. This full-featured, all media player with support for DVD movies of all regions, Video-CD, Audio-CD, SVCD and all popular HD/SD media files empowers you to enjoy DVD movies as well as media files on computer. The exclusive Multi-core CPU optimization and hardware acceleration functions bring sharper picture, smoother screen action and stronger Dolby Stereo effect.
BlazeDVD Pro is not only a powerful region free DVD player for Windows 8, but also a comprehensive media player support video files, pictures and songs from computer, portable devices, YouTube and Facebook.
BlazeDVD works as an all-region-free DVD Player to play DVD movies of region 1,2,3,4,5 or 6 without changing region code, it can instantly unlock locked DVD for free playback. You can watch any region-coded/CSS-encrypted DVD movies on any DVD drive.
Enjoy the latest DVD-Video/DVD-ROM/DVD-RAM/DVD-RW/DVD+RW/VCD1.1/VCD2.0/SVCD/CD/DV/WebCam and SD/HD media files on your computer with ease. Spend more time enjoying movies instead of worrying about codec.
You could play all kinds of your pictures as slideshow fluently by this feature-rich DVD player and then enjoy these beautiful pictures in front of your PC with your families along with relaxing music.
BlazeDVD Pro is a smart all-in-one media player makes movies vivid with sharp picture, smooth video playback and shocking surround sound effects. Do not hesitate to play exciting movies with BlazeDVD.
BlazeDVD can expand 2-channel audio to up to 5.1-channel audio to bring a powerful surround-sound effect with Dolby AC3. On the other hand, it could also down-mix the 5.1-channel audio to two-channel stereo audio with Dolby Surround compatibility when the listener does not have a surround sound setup. Besides, you can also select audio track like AC-3, Hi-Fi Audio, Dolby Pro Logic II , Dolby 5.1 or Dolby 7.1 channel to get optimal audio effect even when you're moving.
BlazeDVD also provides special audio effect by adjusting various preferences, such as Equalizer with 10 bands, to bring you a wonderful audio-visual experience!
BlazeDVD creates a rich and immersive sound experience with fine audio card and S/PDIF output for Dolby AC3 and DTS audio. The decent DVD Player applies the most advanced home theater audio technology for HD movies. You can enjoy superb 7.1 channel audio in Dolby TrueHD, DTS-HD Master Audio and Dolby Digital Plus formats, plus immersive AAC, Dolby Digital and DTS 5.1 channel soundtracks.


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Q: How to fetch attendance report from attendance table through mysql query? I create an  attendances table. I insert data success fully but when fetch the data from attendances table, data not show of my needs attendance table.
in_out column keeps reference for in and out time. Value "1" is for in time and value "2" for out time.
This is my query.
SELECT t.person_id,
       t.date,
       Substring_index(t.in_out, '#', 1)                           am_in,
       Substring_index(Substring_index(t.in_out, '#', 2), '#', -1) am_out
FROM   (SELECT h.person_id,
               h.date,
               Group_concat(h.timedata ORDER BY h.in_out SEPARATOR '#') in_out
        FROM   attendances h
        GROUP  BY h.person_id,
                  h.date) t

When person out time dose not enter the vale of in time show in time_out column
I want to show null column instead of same repeating time.
I want this result.

A: You can try using CASE WHEN Expression
select t.person_id,t.date,
substring_index(t.in_out,'#',1) am_in,
case when substring_index(t.in_out,'#',1)=substring_index(substring_index(t.in_out,'#',2),'#',-1) then 'Can not scan' else substring_index(substring_index(t.in_out,'#',2),'#',-1) end as am_out
from
(
select h.person_id,h.date,group_concat(h.timedata order by h.in_out separator '#') in_out from attendances h group by h.person_id,h.date
) t

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


If you want to spend an unforgettable time in the very heart of Euganean Hills – this is a place for you!
A lovely appartment with spacious drawing room, well-equipped kitchen, 2 separate entrances, big comfortable bedrooms, spacious bathroom on the second floor of an antique cottage refurbished with loads of taste and heart. It conveys an atmospheare of rural comfort and serenity.
A big garden with lots of attractive inhabitants (cats, dog, hens and rooster, peacock) with vineyard, blooming bushes is part of the bargain.
We have spend a lovely time here enjoying the comfort of the place, its atmosphere, and also visiting lots of places of historic and easthetic value around the place (Venice, Verona, Vicenza, etc). Many places of interest not far as well as famous spar in Abano Terme and Montegrotto terme. Stunning views around.
But if you want just to have a relaxing quiet time – this place is also ideal.
The proprietors of the place – Berbara and Marco – are most helpful in every respect. We thank them for the warm atmosphere they created.


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Facebook improves AI photo descriptions for the visually impaired
Brave browser now supports peer-to-peer IPFS protocol
Latest in Gear
The best outdoor speakers
The best universal remote control
The best USB Wi-Fi adapters
How to buy a laptop for your kid (or revive an old one)
Google's OnHub routers can now control Philips Hue lighting
The routers are also on sale from now until the end of September.
Nathan Ingraham
It's been just about a year since Google launched OnHub, a series of routers designed to make setting up and dealing with WiFi a lot easier. Our experience with OnHub found that it did exactly that, and Google has added a handful of features over the last year to make its routers even more unique. Today, Google's announcing its latest OnHub integration: support for the Philips Hue series of smart LED lighting.
Google says its the first connected home device that connects with OnHub, and it works as follows: once you have your Hue lights connected to your OnHub's WiFi network and go through a basic setup process, any other device that's connected to the OnHub can control the lights without needing to use the Hue app. You just type "on.here" into any web browser and you'll see the option to tweak out the Hue lights to your heart's content. On.here already worked as a portal to see what devices were connected to your OnHub's guest network; this is just the latest feature.
The one downside to the OnHub routers is that they aren't cheap, but Google's giving potential buyers some cash back right now -- from now until September 30th, you can get $20 off either the TP-Link or Asus OnHub. The deal is available on both Google's own store as well as Amazon. Given Google's commitment to its routers over the last year, there's a good chance they'll continue to gain features in the coming months. They might not always be game-changers, but there's a good chance they'll be things other router manufacturers aren't doing.
In this article: gadgetry, gadgets, gear, google, internet


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package com.novoda.demo.advanced.podcast.pojo.itunes;

public class ItunesDuration {

    private final String durationRaw;

    public ItunesDuration(String durationRaw) {
        this.durationRaw = durationRaw;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return durationRaw;
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


The A Dozen A Day Songbook series contains wonderful easy Christmas hits that may be used as companion pieces to the memorable technique exercises in the A Dozen A Dayseries. They are also suitable as supplements for use with any Piano method. This second book features 10 Christmas favourites, including Deck The Halls, Joy To The World, In Dulci Jubilo and Wonderful Christmastime, in arrangements for easy Piano. The included CD provides fully-orchestrated demonstration and backing tracks for a fun play-along experience.


I've recently changed my Skype password to something as v$*irFvKN9jl but everytime when I start Skype I have to login by entering my username and password, can I make it automatic because searching for the password in LastPass is a bit annoying.
Is Re-installing Skype an option?
Are you talking about Skype for Desktop? There are several versions of Skype out there.
If yes, go into options and make sure these two options are selected.
Sign me in when Skype starts is ticked, not starting with Windows because I don't want that and I don't use CCleaner.
Even re-installing Skype isn't working.
Last edited by Dropbox; 12 Aug 2016 at 05:58.
Sorry to keep it bumping but I need a solution.
Now I can't even logon to Skype. Can't connect.
@Dropbox I asked someone else to take a look, maybe they can help.
Cool thanks, oh I saw that Skype is down right now.
since installing Windows 10, I can not save updates to word files or anything to a folder. I've read I should change the user settings that default to 'read-only' in the system folder. I've done this 3 times. The fix doesn't work. Help!


text:
Q: How to get nam working with ns2 simulator Currently I have installed ns2 in my linux pc and when I run the following on terminal
$ ns sampleprog.tcl

all I get is
nam:

There should have been a nam pop up window opening instead.
I don't know how to solve this problem as I have installed both ns2 and nam. I think it is due to me updating my Ubuntu 22.04 with which nam also got updated and is now not compatible with version of ns2. Before update nam was working fine.
How should I go about solving this problem or maybe possibly degrading the version?
I tried updating to the latest version but to no avail. The network animator window that i was expecting doesn't open

A: I faced same problem in my nam 1.15 version,I downloaded nam 1.14 Deb file from this link a lower version.
After downloading Deb file .Open terminal in folder where nam 1.14 Deb file is downloaded And run this command.
$sudo dpkg --install nam_1.14_amd64.deb
This solved my problem.


text:
Gaza City Gaza Strip Israeli attacks News Report Refugees/Immigration
Palestinian Teen Dies From Serious Wounds He Suffered On May 14
The Palestinian Health Ministry has reported, on Wednesday evening, that a teen died from serious wounds he suffered on May 14th, after Israeli soldiers shot him during the Great Return March in Gaza.
The Ministry said the teen, Mahmoud Majed Gharabli, 16, was shot by an Israeli army sniper east of Gaza city.
The teen was shot in the head and remained in a serious condition until he succumbed to his wounds on July 4th.
On the same day of his injury, the soldiers killed sixty Palestinians, and injured 2700, including 27 who suffered very serious wounds, 59 serious injuries, 735 moderate wounds, and 882 suffered light wounds. Several Palestinians died from their critical injuries days, or weeks, after the being shot.
772 of the wounded Palestinians were shot with live rounds, three with rubber-coated steel bullets, 91 with shrapnel, 100 cuts and bruises and 737 suffered the effects of teargas inhalation.
65 of the wounded were shot in the head and neck, 116 in their arms, 48 in the chest and back, 651 in the lower extremities, 52 in several parts of their bodies and 737 suffered the effects of teargas inhalation.
Mohammad's death brings the number of Palestinians, who were killed in the Gaza Strip since the beginning of the Great Return March on March 30th, to 136, including 17 children and two women, as confirmed by the Health Ministry in Gaza.
It also said that the soldiers injured 15501 Palestinians, including 7270 who were treated in field trauma stabilization units, and 8221 who were moved to hospitals.
Among the injured are 2525 children, 1158 women, in addition to 375 who suffered severe wounds, 3819 moderate wounds, and 4027 minor injuries.
The Ministry said Israeli soldiers shot 4024 Palestinians with live ammunition, 428 with rubber-coated steel bullets, 1497 suffered severe effects of gas inhalation, and 2273 suffered various cuts and bruises.
588 of the wounded were injured in the head and neck, 340 in the chest and back, 370 in the abdomen and pelvis, 1011 in the upper limbs, 4161 in the lower limbs, and 1606 in other parts of their bodies.
It also said that 55 Palestinians suffered amputations in their lower limbs, 1 in the upper limb, and 6 suffered amputations of fingers.
The Israeli army also killed two Palestinian medics, identified as Razan Ashraf Najjar, 22, and Mousa Jaber Abu Hassanein, 36, injured 318 others with live bullets and gas bombs, and caused damage to 45 ambulances.
In addition, the soldiers killed two journalists, identified as Yasser Mortaja, 31, and Ahmad Mohammad Abu Hussein, 25.
Settlers Give Shooter of Motionless Palestinian a Hero's Welcome at Crime Scene
Israeli Colonizers Injure Three Palestinians; Soldiers Abduct One, In Hebron
By IMEMC News


Allow mkv/mka files to be tagged and renamed.
There are more and more video DVD releases being added to musicbrainz these days - or even just audio releases with bonus dvds (e.g. with PV videos - I have a lot of these), and mkv is a popular container format for storing them. It would be nice to be able to tag these mkv files with Picard.
The mkv tagging format is, of course, a little complicated; so as a first step it would nice to be able to at least /rename/ these files using Picard, even if the metadata is not stored in the file.


Scholar Metrics are currently based on our index as it was in July 2018.
The h-core of a publication is a set of top cited h articles from the publication. These are the articles that the h-index is based on. For example, the publication above has the h-core with three articles, those cited by 17, 9, and 6.
The h-median of a publication is the median of the citation counts in its h-core. For example, the h-median of the publication above is 9. The h-median is a measure of the distribution of citations to the articles in the h-core.
We display the h5-index and the h5-median for each included publication. We also display an entire h5-core of its articles, along with their citation counts, so that you can see which articles contribute to the h5-index. And there's more! Click on the citation count for any article in the h5-core to see who cited it.
Scholar Metrics currently cover articles published between 2013 and 2017, both inclusive. The metrics are based on citations from all articles that were indexed in Google Scholar in July 2018. This also includes citations from articles that are not themselves covered by Scholar Metrics.
selected conference articles in Computer Science and Electrical Engineering.
publications that received no citations to articles published between 2013 and 2017.
Overall, Scholar Metrics cover a substantial fraction of scholarly articles published in the last five years. However, they don't currently cover a large number of articles from smaller publications.
If you're wondering why your journal is not included, or why it has fewer citations than it surely deserves, that is often a matter of configuring your website for indexing in Google Scholar. Please refer to the inclusion manual. Also, keep in mind that Scholar Metrics only include publications with at least a hundred articles in the last five years.
Classic papers are highly-cited papers in their area of research that have stood the test of time. For each area, we list the ten most-cited articles that were published ten years earlier.
This release of classic papers consists of articles that were published in 2006 and is based on our index as it was in May 2017. To browse classic papers select one of the broad areas and then select the specific research field of your interest. For example, Agronomy & Crop Science, Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas, and African Studies & History.
The list of classic papers includes articles that presented new research, to the extent our indexing system is able to automatically determine. It specifically excludes review articles, introductory articles, editorials, guidelines, commentaries, etc. It also excludes articles with fewer than 20 citations and, for now, is limited to articles written in English.


text:
Sony says its USB hub is the world's fastest SD card reader
The Sigma fp is the 'world's smallest' full-frame mirrorless camera
Leica's V-Lux 5 is a high-end, travel-friendly camera
Image credit: AOL
GoPro Hero 6: 4K 60 FPS, better stabilization and HDR photos
The latest rugged camera might look familiar, but it's what's inside that counts.
James Trew, @itstrew
09.28.17 in Cameras
When GoPro hosts an event in the fall, you get no prizes for guessing what's coming. CEO Nick Woodman just revealed the Hero 6 here in San Francisco, to no one's surprise. What is surprising (if you ignored the leaks) is that the new camera has one big, largely invisible change: the image processor (which GoPro is calling the GP1). We'll get to why that's important in a bit.
For now, you probably want to know what the Hero 6 does that, say, the Hero 5 can't. The most obvious upgrade seems to be the slo-mo frame rates, which have largely been doubled across the board. That means you can shoot 4K at 60 frames per second and 2.7K at 120, and 1080p now goes all the way up to 240 FPS. The electronic image stabilization -- a feature introduced on the Hero 5 -- is also much improved (it's now six rather than four axes), though still no OIS yet.
Other improvements include faster WiFi speeds for file transfer, linear (not incremental) zoom and an all-new HDR mode (replacing WDR in the Hero 5). As expected, the camera will sell for $499 starting today -- that's $100 more than the Hero 5 cost when it launched a year ago.
While spec lovers might see the near identical design of the Hero 5 and think of this as something of an incremental update, the introduction of GoPro's own GP1 image sensor is big news. Right now the main impact is that it pulls GoPro out of the (increasingly busy) pool of action cameras that rely on Ambarella imaging chips (basically the Intel or ARM of action/drone cameras). GP1 gives GoPro a chance to differentiate itself, and the first way it's doing that is with image quality. GoPro claims GP1 offers improved dynamic range, extensive manual controls, enhanced color reproduction and better low-light performance, according to Woodman.
GoPro worked with Socionext (a company with DNA from Fujitsu and Panasonic) to build the GP1 chip to the company's specifications rather than trying to wrangle the best image it could out of the off-the-shelf Ambarella options. We don't have specific details yet as to what optimization GoPro has done, so we'll need to spend some time with the camera to see for ourselves the difference it makes.
For those holding out on the Hero 5, you might indeed be disappointed to see that the Hero 6 costs $100 more than last year's model. Let's hope the Hero 6 delivers on its promise.
In this article: 4k60, actioncamera, cameras, gear, gopro, goprohero6, gp1, hero6, karma, nickwoodman, slowmo, wearables
By James Trew @itstrew
James began writing for music magazines in the UK during the '90s. After a few failed attempts at a DJ career, he carved out a living reviewing DJ and music production gear. Now he lives in the Bay Area, covering drones, fitness tech and culture, though he keeps his DJ gear plugged in and on show. You never know.


Come join the Diba Team!
At Diba we're passionate about improving and lengthening the lives of others. And it takes lots of people from all backgrounds to do this. Being a part of the Diba team, you'll find yourself learning, growing, and interacting with some of the most passionate, smartest people in the business, while everyday helping people live a longer and healthier life.
The following positions below are now open at Diba. If you are interested, you may email your resume to Human Resources at jobs@dibaind.com for more information.


Fukushimagata Wetlands is a vast nature reserve stretching over 193 hectares. It is home to a number of endangered species of animals and plants and is listed on Japan's 100 greatest natural environments. The park is a paradise for bird and plant lovers.
In spring, the carpet of rapeseed flowers is impressive. Indulge yourself in the vivid yellow colour and scent of the flowers while listening to birds singing. In summer, giant pink lotus flowers are in bloom. The rarely seen Euryale ferox, a massive lotus with two-metre leaves and thorns, can be found here. In winter, the snowy scene of the wetlands with migratory swans is a favourite.
Along with flocks of swans, the greatest concentration of Eastern Taiga Bean geese, a recognised national natural treasure, resides here. Fukushimagata Wetlands is also designated as a wildlife sanctuary for the Japanese white crucian carp.
After a walk around the wetlands learn about these rarely seen animals and plants at the View Fukushikagata museum. The museum offers a café, gift shop and a glass-walled observatory. Enjoy a 360° panoramic view of the Fukushimagata Wetlands and the neighbouring Echigo Plains.


We all want the best for our kids. We want to give them the opportunities and support they need to do well so that they can have a bright and successful future. The HSC Maths exams can be daunting for high school students who go in unprepared. Succeeding in these exams are pivotal to gaining entry at the student's University of choice. By enrolling your child in a HSC maths tutor program, you are giving them many life-changing benefits. Here, we will go through the eight benefits of studying with a HSC maths tutor.
If your child is procrastinating on studying or is getting highly stressed about their homework, the chances are that they need tutoring to help them build confidence. By enrolling them with a mathematics tutor, you will be showing them that it is okay to seek help for any problems they are facing and give them confidence for when their exams come up. It will also allow those high achievers to work ahead!
A HSC maths tutor will give your child the tools to be able to answer questions with greater speed and accuracy. This means that your child will be able to complete their homework faster and use time efficient techniques for other subjects. It can also mean more time to take part in different activities like hobbies or sport.
No doubt, every parent's objective is for their child to achieve better grades. A band 6 is the ideal outcome for any student taking part in the HSC exams, and a HSC maths tutor will be able to provide the best advantage to get there.
Though there are now easily accessible calculators everywhere, even on our phones and computers, it is essential to be able to do quick mental calculations and problem-solving in the workplace. If your child is confident in maths, it can be a helpful factor in landing a job outside of school.
Being able to take the initiative to solve problems is a crucial skill that will help your child, not only for the HSC exams but for their entire life. With maths tutoring, they will learn the joy of solving problems and facing challenges head-on, without any hesitation.
Focused learning time is essential for doing well in the HSC exams, as your child will be free from distractions like mobile phones, Netflix or any app that could be used for procrastination. Engaging a tutor means that work is focused and progress on their studies is targeted and effective.
A HSC maths tutor will give your child the best chance of getting the results they need to get into their university of choice, or even receive the scholarship they have been aiming for.
A maths tutor will be able to set realistic learning goals and sticking to them. Setting goals is an important habit that will make it easier to manage time and prioritise work that is due, rather than leaving everything to the last minute.
Don't delay in getting your child the tutoring they need to succeed. At C3 Education Group, we offer tutoring for all HSC subjects. Contact us today to book a professional maths tutor who can look after your math needs up to Extension 2 Math.


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Q: Java - Create a variable which does the same thing as a name of a class Maybe the title souds misterious, but i don't the specific words of java.
I will try to be clear :
I would like to create an instance of the class A<T extends B>, but I only know the Type of T.
Type myType = ...; //defined in my code via getGenericParameterTypes() from a Constructor object
Class myVariable = Class.forName(myType.getTypeName());
A<myVariable> = new A<myVariable>(); //doesn't work

Maybe some of you may know a solution or an other way to do it.
Thank you !
EDIT :
Here is more information :
I have a class A<T extends B> and i have to call it recursively, the only parameter is T and T is the class of a parameter of a method.
I got the name of T using :
Type typeT = cl.getConstructors()[0].getGenericParameterTypes()[0];
String nameT = typeT.getTypeName();

now i want to do
A<T> myNewInstance = new A<T>();

But i dont know how to define T


* Provider will always charge the per session cost regardless of attendance. HPB will co-fund the per session cost when at least 15 participants attend the session. In the event that less than 15 workers attend the session, HPB will co-fund the per pax cost.


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This project examines the radical social changes which took place in the South-western Mediterranean basin during the Neolithic and the beginning of the Chalcolithic period, and specifically the interactions between North Africa and the southern coast of the Iberian Peninsula across the Straits of Gibraltar. It takes an explicit technological approach informed by Material Culture Studies which uses the reconstruction of the craft of pottery manufacture to inform our understanding of social transformation.It comprises the first research programme focused in pottery analysis across a wide area of study, including North African and European production, the first of which remains mostly unknown until now.The methodology employed is an integrated approach based on instrumental analysis of pots (optical petrography and SEM), including morphological, ornamental and functional characterization of ceramic products; as well as the comparison of ceramic fabrics with potential raw materials in the study areas.A number of key archaeological questions are addressed in this way. The time period considered sees changes in food production, along with increased sedentism and specialization in craft production of ornaments. While Neolithic cultures have often been defined according to their pottery and their stylistic groups, it is the technological traditions associated to them will allow us to explore mechanisms of knowledge transmission and innovation, labour organization and the construction of exchange networks. These are all key aspects which allow us to explore the links between technological change and the social change in the human communities in the area in study, at a time when semi-nomadic groups adapt to sedentary ways of life with the emergence of social asymmetry and labour specialization in the early Chalcolithic.


NICE AND EASY: What is oscillation?
…that's oscillation. Oscillation also describes what a pendulum does in an old-timey grandfather clock.
or (for some weird reason) this cat.
Oscillation isn't a bad thing. It's actually the basis for all sound, music, and clocks. But in one case, oscillation is bad. That's in cell boosters.
When we talk about oscillation in cell boosters, we're talking about wild, destructive swings back and forth in power levels. This is caused by feedback. If the signal from the booster's indoor antenna is too strong, or if the indoor antenna is able to pick up signals from the outdoor antenna, that starts to cause dangerous oscillations as the signals build on each other.
In the very early days of cellular boosters, oscillation was a big problem because it would spread from one booster, to the tower, to the whole system. There was some very legitimate fear that oscillation from one cell booster would bring down the whole cellular system.
Luckily, that didn't happen. Smart people got together.
Every cellular signal booster registered with the FCC carries some serious computing power designed to prevent oscillation. The system monitors itself several times a second and if it detects anything that even seems like oscillation, the power is automatically reduced until the problem goes away. This is true of the least expensive booster or the most expensive one.
Do you need to do anything to prevent oscillation?
The best way to avoid oscillation is to make sure your outdoor antenna and your indoor antenna are as far away as possible from each other. I recommend that the outdoor antenna be 15 feet higher than the indoor one, and that there be about 30 feet of horizontal separation between them. That's not always possible in a smaller house but if you follow that guideline as best as possible you'll get the best cell service that you can.
To find the cell booster of your dreams, shop the great selection at SolidSignal.com.
When will we see 5G phones?


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Bovine Serum Albumin
lyophilized powder, BioReagent, suitable for cell culture
Albumin bovine serum, Bovine albumin, BSA
biological source
BioReagent
lyophilized powder
~66 kDa
H2O: 40 mg/mL
Albumins and Transport Proteins
Bovine serum albumin is a model protein in various studies and is made up of 583 amino acids. It is a water-soluble protein with a molecular weight of 66.4kDa. Six α-helices form three homologous domains of BSA. Depending on pH, it undergoes reversible conformational isomerization. The native structure of the protein becomes reactive and flexible on heating.
Bovine Serum Albumin has been used in the washing solution for flow cytometry analysis, tissue digestion solution and blocking solution for ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay). It has also been used in the resuspension buffer for flow cytometry.
Select the right albumin for your application with the Albumin Selection Guide
5, 10, 50, 100, 500 g in poly bottle
Bovine serum albumin is broadly used as an additive to cell culture media, especially serum-free media. It provides a range of benefits including protection from oxidative damage and stabilization of other media components such as fatty acids and pyridoxal.
Certain conformational and primary-sequence epitopes of BSA are suspected allergens in human beef and milk allergies.
Preparation Note
Often referred to as Cohn fraction V; this product is prepared by a modified method of the Cohn cold ethanol fractionation method.
Serum albumin may be referred to as Fraction V. This naming convention is taken from the original Cohn method of fractionating serum proteins using cold ethanol precipitation. Serum albumin was found in the fifth ethanol fraction using Cohn′s method. Since then, the term "Fraction V" has been used by some to describe serum albumin regardless of the method of preparation. Others have used this term to describe serum albumin purified by ethanol fractionation methods that have been highly modified since the original Cohn method was described. Sigma-Aldrich manufactures and distributes serum albumins purified from a variety of primary methods including the true Cohn fractionation method, modified ethanol fractionation methods, heat shock and chromatography. Additional purification steps may include crystallization or charcoal filtration.
11 - Combustible Solids
Albumin Application Selection Guide
"Albumin, Bovine (A9418)"
Product Information Sheet - A9418
Bidirectional Cross-Talk between Biliary Epithelium and Th17 Cells Promotes Local Th17 Expansion and Bile Duct Proliferation in Biliary Liver Diseases.
Hannah C Jeffery et al.
Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950), 203(5), 1151-1159 (2019-08-09)
There is no effective treatment for autoimmune biliary diseases. Therefore, understanding their immunopathology is crucial. The biliary epithelial cells (BEC), expressing TLR-4, are constantly exposed to gut microbes and bacterial wall LPS, and in settings of inflammation, the immune infiltrate
Intercellular adhesion molecule-1/LFA-1 cross talk is a proximate mediator capable of disrupting immune integration and tolerance mechanism at the feto-maternal interface in murine pregnancies.
Blois S et al.
Journal of Immunology, 174, 1820-1820 (2005)
Expression of ABCG2 and Bmi-1 in oral potentially malignant lesions and oral squamous cell carcinoma.
Dalley AJ et al.
Cancer Medicine, 3, 273-273 (2014)
Towards the Identification of an In Vitro Tool for Assessing the Biological Behavior of Aerosol Supplied Nanomaterials.
Luisana Di Cristo et al.
International journal of environmental research and public health, 15(4) (2018-03-22)
Nanoparticles (NP)-based inhalation systems for drug delivery can be administered in liquid form, by nebulization or using pressurized metered dose inhalers, and in solid form by means of dry powder inhalers. However, NP delivery to the lungs has many challenges
Rapid confirmation and revision of the primary structure of bovine serum albumin by ESIMS and Frit-FAB LC/MS.
Hirayama K et al.
Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 173, 639-646 (1990)
Protocols and Articles
Albumin in Cell Culture
This page segues to comprehensive insights on how serum albumin and other important cell culture components affect the performance of serum-free cell culture systems used for biomanufacturing heterologous proteins including monoclonal antibodies. The page introduces the in vitro chemistry and biochemistry of albumin. These insights may also be applied to ex vivo and tissue engineering applications.
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When it comes to operating a business, there are a number of expenses to take into account (get it?) before you get to make money. "You gotta spend money to make money," after all. Therefore, you're going to want to minimize these expenses without sacrificing the quality of your products and services. Cut Costs without cutting corners, as it were.Therefore, it helps to know what kinds of pitfalls to look out for when it comes time for your business plan. Here are some of the pitfalls to look out for in your business endeavor.
First and foremost, there's the business trp. These travel expenses can be rather costly, and yet they are often necessary. Therefore, it's a good idea to try to find ways to shave off some of these costs. The first place to look is to travel sites on the internet, such as Expedia, or a travel agency. These sites and businesses can help you not only book flights, hotel rooms, etc., but also get discounts on all of the above in the process. Then, you have to consider the quality of flights and hotel rooms, etc. that you're willing to pay for. For example, when it comes to flights, you're going to have to balance between cost and morale. So, you want the savings of coach with the luxury of first class. This mixture doesn't exist, of course, but there is a nice compromise between the two in the form of second class.
There are a number of other ways to save money on business expenses, as well. For example, there's printing. Most businesses, if not all of the, have varying degrees of printing needs, and you may be over paying for these needs. For example, most businesses print in black and white the majority of the time, and so you're over paying if you're paying for an inkjet printer. These printers require color ink cartridges in order to function, and these are more expensive for something you won't even be using most of the time. So, consider switching to a laser printer. You will still have to replace these cartridges from time to time, but they last much longer and are much cheaper. Another printing related way to save is by eliminating inter office printing. Instead of printing and distributing paper memos around the office, simply send a group email. This is not only cheaper, but also more convenient, as everyone has access to not only the memo but a written discussion thereof.


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text:
1953 – A Real 'Annus Mirabilis'
tags: Molecular Discovery, Science History
This post is an unusual one by the standards of biopolyverse. The molecular and cellular science herein is mainly featured from a historical point of view, and other scientific achievements in much broader contexts are noted as well. A motivation for this stems from the significance of 2013 as the 60th anniversary of the discovery of the structure of DNA by Watson and Crick, as published in Nature in 1953. There already has been publicity regarding this, and much more will ensue before this year's end. So it is not my main purpose to simply jump on this bandwagon, although it is certainly an occasion worth highlighting as much as possible. Rather, it is to make note of how 1953 seems to tower above almost all other years as an epic time for scientific endeavor across many disciplines, not least of which are included the biomedical sciences.
Years of Wonder or Miracles
Years that 'stand out' are often nominated as opinionated interpretations of history, or for purely personal reasons. The 17th century poet John Dryden wrote the poem Annus Mirabilis in reference to the year 1666, in which the Great Fire of London occurred, following closely on a terrible epidemic of bubonic plague in 1665. The 'wonder-ful' (mirabilis) aspect of 1666 may have been either an ironic construct or a portent for a better future, but in any dispassionate view, 1666 was not a particularly auspicious year. This is especially so if one takes a more global stance than would normally be assumed for an Englishman of that era, long before rapid communication technologies. Although over the course of any one year, a blend of varied high and low personal events may result in neutrality, many people (at least those of middle-age or later) could nominate one particular year of their lives as their favorite. This individual perspective would seem to be enshrined within another poem entitled Annus Mirabilis, specifically lauding 1963 for rather personal reasons of the author, Philip Larkin.
But here I contend that a truly wondrous year should be recognizable objectively, and not have to be sifted through the vagaries of fractious historical debate, let alone merely personal factors. Here the deciding factor is long-term influence, and scientific and technological advance is among the most influential molders of human civilizations. It is important to note that true long-term and concrete influence on societies is quite distinct from individual fame, whether transient or long-term. Only a small minority of randomly-chosen people could answer questions like "Who first discovered the structure of DNA?"; "Who first formulated the principles of information theory?" or "Who won a Nobel Prize for the discovery of X-rays?". Yet the influence of these discoveries and their technological off-shoots has been profound, with global impact reaching indefinitely into the future. Obviously, a very large number of alternatives could have been substituted for the above questions, but in each case, the scientific or technological advances are far more meaningful and long-term than the vast majority of short-lived political developments. Of course, this is not to say that non-scientific aspects of history are insignificant, but typical dissections of the course of history often pay little notice to the relative importance of scientific progress. This has been a pattern even among learned historians, let alone among popular perceptions. From these observations, one can conclude that an 'Annus mirabilis' for scientific discovery could easily 'fly under the radar' from gaining widespread recognition, and the year 1953 AD is a strong contender in this regard.
Pin-pointing discoveries
Before we can start picking out years of scientific discovery, it is necessary to think a little about what a 'discovery' process means, or when to specifically locate a scientific advance in time. It is often not as simple as a straightforward historical event. For example, in 2013 one can say, 'President Kennedy was assassinated fifty years ago in 1963', or 'the structure of DNA was discovered sixty years ago in 1953'. The first of these is an unassailable historical fact – that's when that specific event happened. But the scientific history of DNA is not quite so precise, if one wants to account for the timelines for the structural discovery itself. Most scientific achievements are based on background work which may have taken many years, and 'breakthroughs' may be more a series of incremental steps than a sudden revelation. As a result of this, attempts to dovetail certain major scientific advances into a single year may appear contrived.
A simple defining point is a publication date, where a description of at least the essence of the discovery is first presented in scientific literature. Thus, much of Watson and Crick's work leading to the DNA double-helical structure was done in 1952, but the crucial publication emerged in Nature in 1953. Likewise, Salk's work towards a polio vaccine comprised of inactivated viruses was achieved in 1952, but the first preliminary results with a small sample of people was published in 1953 in the Journal of the American Medical Association. (Extensive trials followed in 1954, leading to the public release of the vaccine in 1955).
With this guideline in mind, then we can examine scientific events associated with 1953, and those that stand out are listed in Table 1 below.
Table 1. The record of 1953 for major scientific accomplishments. All of the above were first published in 1953 except for the bottom-most entry (orange highlight). The latter corresponds to the starting point of long-standing biomedical investigation into the patient 'HM" (identified as Henry Molaison after this death), who underwent an operation in 1953 aimed at reducing his intractable epileptic fits, which removed part of the brain region known as the hippocampus. While the anti-epileptic goal was largely successful, the patient suffered severe short-term memory deficits from that point on for the rest of his life. HM cooperated with many studies which showed the critical importance of the hippocampus for short-term memory formation, and other important aspects of memory. Such studies, however, were not published until several years after the initial operation.
Of course, the determination of the double-helical structure of DNA, and the immediate insight it afforded into the mechanisms of DNA replication and genetic encoding, stand out by a wide margin. But the additional discoveries noted above also shine strongly. For example, another very famous experiment was published in 1953, and that is second in the above Table's list. This work of Stanley Miller (and Harold Urey) in the generation of simple biological building blocks under 'early earth' conditions struck a chord at the time, and has been a scientific landmark ever since. Less famous, but also very significant, is the first successful freezing of sperm, a milestone for reproductive biology. And the rationale for classifying the first successful polio vaccine by publication date was outlined above.
In the general field of evolutionary biology, 1953 was very significant as the time-point when a major adjustment to the study of human evolution was made. The prior 'discovery' of the Piltdown man 'missing link' in 1912 was proven to be a hoax, thus removing a major impediment to the proper understanding of human origins. Although this may seem only the demolition of an artificial barrier rather than a real advance in knowledge, it demonstrated the efficacy of the scientific method in eventually pinning down the truth and allowed other loose ends in the field to be tied together. Moving from human biological evolution to the 'evolution' of human cultures, 1953 also saw a major advance in the decipherment of the hitherto uninterpretable script Linear B, samples of which were discovered previously in archaeological sites investigating Mycenaean Crete (~1600 – 1100 BCE). The revolutionary decipherment was accomplished by Michael Ventris, also in collaboration with John Chadwick.
Outside of science with any direct biological connections, 1953 saw a major advance with the first physical detection of neutrinos (as opposed to their previous theoretical prediction). Also, in the same year, the mid-Atlantic rift was detected, of high significance in the ultimate confirmation of the theory of continental drift and plate tectonics.
In modern times, every year without exception has regular science-related events as a matter of course, the most well-known of which is the annual awarding of Nobel prizes. Other events can be noted as scientifically newsworthy, but of a more incidental nature than important scientific advances. Although Table 1 lists the main occurrences relevant to consideration of the scientific productivity of 1953, Table 2 lists some accompanying happenstances of a more secondary nature. This is not to suggest, of course, that the scientific achievements of the 1953 Nobel Prize winners, or those who happened to die in that year, were in any way 'secondary' in terms of their long-term impact. It is simply that their major accomplishments were prior to 1953, and thus winning a prize or ending a career through death are secondary to the actual dates of such advances themselves. By way of comparison, Watson and Crick (in conjunction with Maurice Wilkins for his associated DNA X-ray crystallography) were awarded a Nobel Prize for their elucidation of the structure of DNA, but not until 1962.
Table 2. 'Incidental' science-related events of note occurring in 1953. Hermann Staudinger won the Nobel Prize for chemistry for "discoveries in the field of macromolecular chemistry". Hans Krebs and Fritz Lipmann shared the Nobel Prize for Medicine for the metabolically important discoveries of the citric acid cycle (Krebs Cycle) and coenzyme A, respectively. Fritz Zernike was awarded the corresponding Physics prize for the development of phase contrast technology, and the phase contrast microscope. Edwin Hubble is famed as the astronomer who showed the expansion of the universe, and Robert Millikan was the physicist who measured the charge on the electron via renowned oil-drop experiments, winning a Nobel for this in 1923.
Given the central importance of 1953 in the history of molecular biology, it is ironic that the advances associated with the 1953 Nobel prizes for chemistry and physics have both had direct impact on the life sciences. (Of course, the corresponding prize for medicine is of obvious biological significance). Phase-contrast microscopy has long been an important tool in many areas of biology, of which bacteriology is a key beneficiary. But chemistry advances pioneered by Hermann Staudinger are of particular interest in the context of this blog, since an adaptation of a chemical joining procedure now bearing his name has recently gained prominence in chemical biology. This 'Staudinger ligation' can be performed with reagents which do not interact with normal chemical components of living systems, and thus finds application within very recent developments in 'bio-orthogonal chemistry', the major preoccupation of the previous post.
Some items from Table 2 may need a little expansion. By 1953, the major technological innovation of the transistor had moved from the laboratory (where it was invented in late 1947) into wide-scale commercial applications, and for this reason that particular year was named 'The Year of the Transistor' by Fortune magazine. My nomination of the publication of a book, Removing the Causes of War, by Kathleen Lonsdale may seem a surprising choice. But she was scientifically very notable for her direct physical confirmation of the planar structure of the important benzene molecule by X-ray crystallography. Although this occurred well before 1953 (in 1929), the publication of her peace-related book in 1953 serves as an incidental reminder of her scientific achievements. Also, this dual interest in both physical chemistry and peace activism inevitably brings to mind Linus Pauling, who won a chemistry Nobel the following year, and a second Nobel Peace Prize in 1962. In the latter sphere Pauling published a book called No More War. He is also noteworthy in this context as a competitor with Watson and Crick for the elucidation of the structure of DNA. Although Pauling's initial models were incorrect, his previous astute insights in structural biology (such as the assignation of protein α-helical and β-sheet motifs), suggests that he would have soon succeeded with DNA if Watson and Crick had not arrived there first in 1953.
……Amid the Backdrop of the Times
The subject of peace could serve as a reminder that while scientific endeavors might sometimes be represented as ivory-tower enterprises aloof from mundane concerns, that is never truly possible. The general tone of the times must always have an influence, if only at minimum via the extent of public funding made available to science, or the freedom to pursue 'pure' research goals without interference from government or other agencies. Table 3 lists several notable events of the year of interest, most of which need no further explanation. The death of Stalin and the execution of the Rosenbergs for 'atomic espionage' serve as a reminder of the Cold-War background to the general zeitgeist, with the conquest of Mt Everest one of the more up-lifting events of the year, so to speak. Stalin's death was a positive development in the Soviet Union not merely in removing a murderous tyrant, but also for science there. He had championed the crackpot ideas of T. D. Lysenko regarding the mechanisms of heredity, and forcibly suppressed the pursuit of proper genetic research. Only with Stalin's passing could Soviet science begin to recover from this irrational deviation.
It is perhaps regrettable that the reference to the Nobel Peace Prize awarded to George C. Marshall might need a little explanatory amplification, since the level of his renown is disproportionately low compared to his achievements and influence. Among a long list of accomplishments, he was the US Chief of Staff during World War II, and subsequently formulated the Marshall Plan for the reconstruction of Europe. This historically important project (ending in 1951) ensured Western European stability for decades following.
Table 3. Some general historical events of note occurring in 1953.
Of all the above general historical events, the first ascension of Mt Everest can be compared with some types of scientific discovery. After a mountain has been climbed, others can follow, perhaps by alternative and more difficult pathways to the top. But irrespective of how a mountain is climbed, once the summit has been reached for the first time, that singular achievement can never be repeated. When a scientific discovery has been made, unlike a mountain ascension, it must be shown to be repeatable before it becomes consensus knowledge. In some cases, though, a scientific discovery fills in existing gaps in knowledge in such an elegant and convincing fashion, that it is rapidly accepted. Irrespective of this, a confirmed scientific discovery is analogous to a 'climbed mountain', in that it can never be done again as 'a first'. The discovery of the structure of DNA in the same year as the first ascension of Mt Everest, is an excellent example if this. There remained plenty more to find out about DNA structure in the wake of Watson and Crick's famous paper, and the topic is certainly not exhausted even today. Yet the most vital and compelling information was 'climbed' in 1953, and can never be so ascended again.
Sometimes general history can appear to have a more or less random aspect, epitomized by the famous saying that it is just "one damn thing after another". (This has been attributed to various different people, including Winston Churchill). Although many historical outcomes are clearly predicated on what took place beforehand, other events may indeed seem like 'wild cards'. The latter could be exemplified by major natural disasters, epidemics, or major political changes caused by single individuals. Certainly scientific advances may come serendipitously and from unexpected quarters, but such progress is always built upon preceding generations of successive refinements. Even when a temporary aberration diverts the accumulation of knowledge (as seen for example, with the above-mentioned Piltdown Man hoax), it will eventually be rectified by the self-correcting nature of international scientific enterprise. No scientific discovery is then ever a complete 'blue sky' event, in the same sense that some historical occurrences have been.
Is there a real '1953 Effect'?
The above material makes a case for the assertion that 1953 'stands out' as an exceptional year with respect to scientific discovery. But is this really the case, or does it come down to some kind of sampling bias? Picking exceptional years for science becomes problematic in the post-war modern era, when the pace of scientific and technical change is so fast that it might be thought a fairly uniform process. As an example of the contrast with previous times, the year 1543 is often cited as the original scientific 'Annus Mirabilis', based on publication of the astronomical findings of Nicholas Copernicus and anatomical studies of Andreas Vesalius. These were indeed spikes of achievement in an otherwise largely flat background, with no comparison to the modern continuous ferment of change and innovation.
One way to attempt to test the alleged pre-eminence of 1953 in an objective manner is to look at the levels of major productivity for specific periods on either side of that year. So, Fig. 1 shows 'major advances' for seven years on either side of 1953, including of course the year in question itself. The spike in 1953 is obvious, and supports the contention that its special significance for discovery does not result from cherry-picking or other biases.
Fig. 1. Numbers of major biomedical / social science advances in 1953, and 7 years before and after it. Information for each year is below in References & Details. Here 'advances' are restricted to the biomedical field and social sciences for simplicity.
But 'support' in this context is not proof, and certainly the data of Fig. 1 could be disputed on the basis of what is included or excluded. For example, the achievements of 1953 include an archaeological triumph (the decipherment of Linear B by Michael Ventris), and this field is sometimes regarded as having a foot in both the social sciences and the humanities. Yet even excluding this event, 1953 still predominates. Since at least two very significant advances included within in physics, chemistry or geology were also listed in Table 1, it is unlikely too that addition of achievements within these fields would radically change the observed pattern in Fig. 1. But even if it did, 1953 would still shine as an Annus Mirabilis within the biomedical field alone.
Obviously, it is possible to include years further in the future to 1960, but changes in the total background of research output also need to be considered. In Fig. 2, the general trends of overall publications by year in Medline after 1945 are shown. (Medline is a large component of PubMed, the free publication database from the US National Center for Biotechnology Information. PubMed itself includes a significant number of non-biological journals, but not in a comprehensive manner over the entire time-period of this survey. Medline (as the name implies) focuses on the biomedical sphere, which also includes important generalist scientific journals). A low level of biological scientific endeavor at the end of World War II is expected, followed by an upward curve of productivity. Yet this has some distinct aspects which are somewhat surprising. Rather than a steady progression of increase, the publication rate in the 1950s reached a plateau. In fact, the level in 1951 was not (slightly) exceeded until 1960, and 1953 was by no means any high point within this period. This plateau effect has not been observed for all the succeeding years since then. A more or less constant rate of increase (with a few wrinkles) is seen for four decades (1960-2000), after which an acceleration of the rate is seen, almost as though the new century and millennium was inspirational for scientific endeavor.
Fig. 2. Distribution of all publications contained within Medline by year 1945-2008, showing that the plateau during the 1950s has not occurred since. Four separate trends (approximate slopes shown with red lines) are apparent: 1940-1950; 1950s; 1960-2000; >2000.
The 1950s biomedical publication pattern is shown in more detail in Fig. 3 below, both for Medline and the more general PubMed. The 'plateau' effect is evident in both cases.
Fig. 3. Distribution of all publications contained within PubMed (top) and Medline (bottom) by year 1945-1965. A curve-fit is used for PubMed data, while the Medline data 'trends' of Fig. 2 are again shown with red lines.
So, what can we make of these patterns, especially in the light of the theme of 1953? Various explanations might be offered as to why the biomedical publication rate leveled off in the 1950s after an initial post-war surge, but that is not the main issue. Rather, it simply places 1953 in the context of its times. It is quite clear that that the 1950s in general, and certainly the year 1953 itself, were not characterized by an outburst of accelerating productivity in gross terms. Rather, the take-home message is quality over quantity: the outstanding results of 1953 did not occur against a general global back-drop of surging quantities of published scientific data. The innovations of Fig. 1 (Between 1946 and 1960) then all share an approximately equal research publication background rate.
Biology at that time in fact had a considerably lower profile than in the present age. There were 'hard' sciences, exemplified by physics and chemistry….and much softer ones. The triumphs of physics in the atomic and quantum domains were fresh and ongoing, and its prestige accordingly very high. In general attitudes, biology was often relegated to the softer sciences, if not always spelt out as such. This should be qualified by noting the many subdivisions within biology itself, which themselves were seen to span a spectrum of 'hardness'. For example, biochemistry as an experimental science was certainly established long before the 1950s. This 'harder' area of biology stood in contrast with 'softer' areas such as descriptive zoology and botany, or psychology. But even given biochemical knowledge, biology in general was often considered a poor relation to the physical sciences in terms of its general rigor. Some might say that the essence of this still exists, but the development of molecular biology has done much to dispel such prejudices. Yet in the 1950s, molecular biology had not yet arisen to its current prominence, and its offspring of biotechnology was primordial at best . (Obviously, this depends on how one defines 'biotechnology' itself. In its most-frequent current sense where it is heavily underpinned by molecular biology, it clearly did not exist at all, but if traditional selective breeding and other long-standing approaches are included, then it certainly had a presence). In fact, a key feature of the 'take-off' of biological science in the 1960s (Fig. 1) and beyond is the increasing application of molecular approaches to a wide variety of studies.
But even accepting the special nature of 1953 for scientific achievement, does it have any other significance? Or in other words, was there some external factor which somehow contributed to this spike of productivity? A simple answer is, 'No'. It is simply a chance cluster of independent events without any causal linkages. There is little point in attempting any further analysis, since a statistical cluster is a data set with similar properties, and this is very hard to apply when classifying scientific value. In terms of impact, even acknowledged 'major' scientific discoveries clearly have widely differing short and long-term impacts, and attempting to quantitate such factors is fraught with difficulty, even if one accepts that it is possible. But, since the discovery of DNA structure and the Miller-Urey experiment alone both fell in 1953, along with several other notable achievements, there can be little doubt that this year does indeed 'stand out'. And an 'Annus Mirabilis' is no less full of wonder if it is conferred by chance alone.
To conclude an unusual post, an unusual biopoly(verse) is offered, as a salute to both to the central biological accomplishment of the year of interest, and the above-noted poem by Philip Larkin:
A Larkin Lark in Another Annus Mirabilis
DNA, of course, began
In nineteen fifty-three
(Which was earlier than me)
Between the end of the Marshall Plan
And Einstein's mortality
Up till then there'd only been
Half-baked imagining
A wrangle for the thing
A molecule no-one had seen
A structure for a king
Then all at once (let's be frank)
Everyone saw the same
And biology became
Molecular money in the bank
With DNA a household name
So labs were never better than
(And yet no good to me)
References & Details
(In order of citation, giving some key references where appropriate, but not an exhaustive coverage of the literature).
'……60th anniversary of the discovery of the structure of DNA by Watson and Crick…….' In fact, the date of this post (April 25th) is the exact publication date of their paper in 1953.
….. 'Only a small minority of people ….."Who first discovered the structure of DNA" From personal experience, despite their scientific fame, the names of Watson and Crick are poorly known in comparison with political figures or celebrities.
'……the scientific or technological advances are far more meaningful and long-term than the vast majority of short-lived political developments….' An interesting book in this regard is The 100: A Ranking of the Most Influential Persons in History, by Michael H. Hart. Hart Publishing, NY. 1978. Of the total, 37% were directly science-related.
'…..one can conclude that an 'Annus mirabilis' for scientific discovery could easily 'fly under the radar' from gaining widespread recognition….' In support of this, it can be noted that the Wikipedia entry for 'Annus Mirabilis' lists many years which have been cited as such over a 500-year range, but 1953 was not numbered among them, as of April 25th, 2013.
'……Salk's work towards a polio vaccine ……. was published in 1953 in the Journal of the American Medical Association. ' See Salk 1953.
Table 1 Publications:
DNA structure: Watson & Crick 1953.
Early earth organic synthesis (Miller-Urey): Miller 1953.
Sperm freezing: Bunge & Sherman 1953.
Polio vaccine: Salk 1953.
Piltdown man hoax exposure: See Oakley & Weiner 1953. For a very detailed annotated bibliography relating to the Piltdown fraud, see Turrittin 2006.
Linear B decipherment: Ventris, M. & Chadwick, John (1953). "Evidence for Greek Dialect in the Mycenaean Archives". J. Hellenic Studies 73: 84–103. For more detail on Ventris papers, see this source.
Demonstration of neutrinos: See Reines & Cowan 1953. Confirmation was achieved by 1956.
Demonstration of mid-Atlantic rift: See Ewing et al. 1953.
Original operation on HM (1953): See the New York Times 2008 obituary of this patient. For a scientific account of studies with HM (up to 2002), including citation of the first publication of the case in 1957, see Corkin 2002.
'…..work of Stanley Miller (and Harold Urey) ……. has been a scientific landmark…..' This Miller-Urey experiment was also referred to in a previous post, from the perspective of it having characteristics of a 'Kon-Tiki' type experiment. (An experiment where the feasibility of a proposed pathway towards a known system or state is tested by recapitulating the pathway itself under defined experimental conditions. But a successful 'Kon-Tiki' experiment alone can only demonstrate possibility, and is by no means proof that the particular pathway studied is that which actually was used, whether in biological evolution or human history.
'…..the Piltdown man 'missing link' in 1912 was proven to be a hoax…..' The identity of the fraudster has never been proven beyond reasonable doubt, although the discoverer of the 'fossils', Charles Dawson, has long been a prime candidate. For a book length account of the original events and the controversy regarding the perpetrator, see John Evangelist Walsh, Unravelling Piltdown, Random House, 1997. See also a 100th-anniversary article on this subject by C. Stringer.
'…..the major technological innovation of the transistor……' See the paper of Pinto et al 1997. (hosted by Imec corp.)
'….Kathleen Lonsdale….' See an article by Julian 1981 with respect to her benzene work. Removing the Causes of War (1st Edition) was published in 1953 by George Allen & Unwin Ltd.
'…..George C. Marshall might need a little explanatory amplification……' See an essay by David Brin that gives more detail on Marshall's significance.
'…..the first ascension of Mt Everest can be compared with some types of scientific discovery. ' This general point was raised in the additional information provided with the book Searching for Molecular Solutions ('Cited Notes for Chapter 8, Genomic Introduction – From Stone Age to 'Ome Age') in the associated ftp site.
Information for Fig. 1
Year | Achievements
1946: 1 (Animal behavior; discovery of bee dance communication. See Von Frisch 1946)
1948: 1 (Identification of the role of acetaminophen [paracetamol] in analgesia. See Brodie & Axelrod 148)
1949: 3 ([1] Development of carbon-14 dating. See Arnold & Libby 1949; Libby et al. 1949. [2] Assignment of penicillin structure. See Hodgkin 1949. [3] Development of lithium treatment for mania. See Cade 1949.)
1950: 1 (Identification of the Calvin cycle in photosynthesis. See Bassham et al. 1950; Calvin et al. 1950.)
1952: 2 ([1] Renowned Alan Turing paper on chemical basis of morphogenesis. See Turing 1952. [2] Hershey-Chase experiment demonstrating informational role of DNA. See Hershey & Chase 1952.)
1953: As for Table 1 (excluding physical / geophysical achievements)
1954: 2 ([1] First successful human organ (kidney) transplant by Joseph Murray. See his New York Times obituary. [2] The clinical deployment of antipsychotic phenothiazines (chlorpromazine / largactil). The history of chlorpromazine discovery as an antipsychotic agent is convoluted [See López-Muñoz et al. 2005], and assigning 1954 as the date of this innovation may be arguable, but this year is noted for three North American publications describing its efficacy. In this regard, see Bower 1954; Lehmann 1954, and Winkelman 1954.)
1956: 1 (First accurate finding of the human chromosome number. See Tjio & Levan 1956; also a historical overview by Harper 2006).
1957: 1 (Determination of myoglobin structure by X-ray crystallographic studies. See Kendrew & Perutz 1957. Full myoglobin structure published in 1960; See Kendrew et al. 1960).
1958: 1 (Frog cloning by somatic nuclear transfer. See Gurdon et al. 1958).
1959: 1 (First successful human organ allotransplantation – See J. Murray Obituary).
1960: 1 (Total synthesis of chlorophyll. See Woodward et al. 1960).
'DNA of course began'…. Note to pedants: The 'beginning' of DNA of course refers to its structural elucidation; knowledge of its genetic significance preceded this. As an example, the famous Hershey-Chase experiment of 1952 is among the 'major' developments of that year in Fig. The Marshall plan ended in 1952 (as noted above); Einstein died in 1955.
Next post: September.
from → Molecular Discovery, Science History
← Bioorthogonal Chemistry and Recognition
Laws of Biology and True Universality →


Google I/O is an annual developer conference first and foremost, a cornerstone of the tech industry that tends to show what direction Google is going in and new things on the horizon at each event. The latest and greatest tech, things fresh off the cutting room floor or headed there and plans for things that won't come to pass for years crop up at Google I/O each and every year, making it a haven for developers looking for the next big thing to focus their efforts around. Developer advocacy is also in full force; this year, Google even gave away credits for their cloud infrastructure to developers in attendance.
Google I/O is a great developer resource and a great place to learn and watch the tech world grow, but it is also a festival. The place is full of developers, students and media members of all sorts who don't just want to see the latest and greatest, they want to have fun. Naturally, this being Google and all, fun is exactly what transpires. Using VR while playing with a toy sword, rollerskaters in elaborate dresses and a painted-up Volkswagen microbus are all things you can expect to see in the photos from this year's Google I/O. You can see developers working hard, taking notes on their laptops, and playing hard, singing, dancing and hula hooping. While Google's tech may be the main attraction, their company culture and the culture they helped build by bringing together developers in their ecosystem is on clear display at Google I/O.
Modern art, a community mural of an Android statue, a wedding proposal, and the "Big Idea Wall" all turned up at this year's Google I/O. A fun and memorable event for all, it's no wonder developers, students and members of the media clamor for tickets and tech industry watchers outside of those spheres dream of going each year. Powerful people like CEOs and lead programmers take the stage, things are given away, zany antics ensue and, overall, everybody just has a good time. The vibe at Google I/O is clearly one of fun, friendship and future-gazing, and looking through the photos from this year makes it pretty clear why people want to go so badly.


In light of the rejection of adopting the IHRA definition of antisemitism as official Students' Union Policy at the recent All-Student General Assembly, Daniel Lubin argues why it should never have been debated by the General Assembly in the first place.
A similar statement was made at the Students' Union UCL General Assembly on Monday 21st by a speaker in favour of the motion for the Union to adopt the definition: 'Antisemitism can only be forcefully and effectively addressed once the problem has been clearly defined in a comprehensive and universal fashion'. The motion was defeated by a vote of over 70%.
It is ironic that the purpose of adopting the IHRA working definition is to establish a universal definition of antisemitism. The very fact that it has sparked such debate within and outside of Jewish communities shows that it is incapable of achieving this goal.
The examples of what constitutes antisemitism as given by the IHRA are worryingly ambiguous. At the heart of the row, for instance, is that claiming 'the existence of the State of Israel is a racist endeavour' denies Jewish people the right to self-determination and is therefore anti-Semitic. It has been controversial since it has been considered to threaten freedom to legitimately criticise Israel. While the meaning of 'endeavour' in this context isn't totally clear, it seems to refer to the Zionist endeavour to create the State of Israel in the early twentieth century. However, it has also been interpreted as referring to contemporary endeavours to maintain the occupation or conduct the annexation of the West Bank. It could even reference the treatment of Palestinian citizens of Israel. The ambiguity of the term 'endeavour' allows all accusations of racism levelled against Israel to be considered antisemitic, legitimately or illegitimately.
A further example given is that 'applying double standards by requiring of [Israel] a behaviour not expected or demanded of any other democratic nation' constitutes antisemitism. The fact is Israel is not like any other democratic nation. Other nations have not continued a supposedly temporary occupation for over fifty years. Other nations' identities are not precariously dependent on their populations' demographic makeup. Other nations' days of independence are not one and the same as another people's day of catastrophe. It is very difficult to treat Israel like any other nation. But even given this, Israel is certainly not living up to the expectations of other democracies, namely in failing to respect international laws regarding human rights.
Given these uncertainties the IHRA presents, I regret that it has become the universal definition of antisemitism. It is absolutely Jews' prerogative to define our own oppression, as it is for any other marginalised population. Anyone who says differently does a disservice to efforts of anti-racism. But I don't know who gave the IHRA the authority to speak on behalf of all Jews, or why.
I resent too that the motion to pass the IHRA working definition of antisemitism was brought to the Students' Union UCL General Assembly. We saw the war that was waged over the definition throughout much of 2018 – the General Assembly motion merely brought it to a new battleground. Given much of the student body would ardently refuse to threaten its ability to stand in solidarity with Palestinians and would therefore oppose the definition, it was doomed to fail. The student body was put in a position where either it adopt a problematic definition of antisemitism, or reject it and create an environment where Jews feel less safe on campus.
This is not to demean Jewish feelings of unsafety on campus – they are real. It is entirely in the Jewish community's right to urge non-Jewish institutions to adopt measures to make its constituents feel safer. But the motion to pass the IHRA definition was not the solution, and it only creates a false correlation that a rejection of the definition signifies a lack of regard for Jewish safety.
Inevitably, there will be people who do not take Jewish concerns seriously – many are on the left and it is against them that this definition has been deployed. There are those who will think that the UCL students who proposed the recent motion were using their minority status for political gain, to hinder efforts of the Palestinian cause.
There are indeed Jews who misappropriate the term 'antisemitism' for political gain and damage the struggle against anti-Jewish oppression – Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu to name but one. But given the rise of antisemitism in the UK, particularly on university campuses, or even the rise of anti-Israel sentiment that can tend towards or be interpreted as antisemitism, UCL Jewish students' concerns must be treated as seriously as those of any other minority. To assume instead that they are all little Bibi Netanyahus would be antisemitic. Judging by a Jewish student's testimony of Monday's assembly recently published in the Jewish Chronicle, it would seem that some parties opposed to the motion did not treat Jewish students' feelings of threat with respectful or appropriate seriousness.
The writer of this testimony goes on to rightly state that it is her prerogative as a Jew to define antisemitism as she pleases. I would respond by saying that the Student Union UCL's adoption of the IHRA definition of antisemitism would deny me the opportunity to do just this. The writer says that she should not be forced to choose what definition of antisemitism to use, but this would be precisely the circumstance any Jew who is uncomfortable with the IHRA definition would find themselves in were it adopted. The IHRA definition has become default, its validity assumed rather than interrogated. We should be considering the appropriateness and effectiveness of the IHRA definition as much as we should be actively seeking other more apt ones.
Indicative of the futility of the IHRA project is the forty-plus page document released in 2017 by Jews for Racial and Economic Justice (JFREJ), 'Understanding Antisemitism'. The publication details the nuances of antisemitism as compared to other forms of racism, the intersections of antisemitism with other forms of oppression, and the role of issues such as the Holocaust and Israel/Palestine in antisemitic discourse and Jewish identity. Perhaps energy should be spent propagating understanding of antisemitism rather than enshrining codes that only raise more questions than they answer.
To try to bracket such a phenomenon as antisemitism under a single definition is absurd. To think that any attempt to do so would be unanimously accepted by all Jews is equally so. The IHRA definition not only threatens to curb pro-Palestinian discourse, but also misrepresents many Jews. While the General Assembly motion undoubtedly came from a place of valid fear as to the security of the Jewish community, its effect was inevitably to further entrench division. To reject the IHRA definition of antisemitism is not to disregard the phenomenon of antisemitism altogether. For many Jews and non-Jews, it is the refusal to have one anti-racist endeavour jeopardise their commitment to another. For many Jews, it is the refusal to have the terms of their oppression misrepresented.
Next Post The IHRA Definition of Antisemitism: Were We Asking Too Much?


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S. R. Parthiban is an Indian politician and incumbent Ex.Member of the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly from the Mettur constituency. He represented the Desiya Murpokku Dravidar Kazhagam party. He later joined DMK in 2016 and continued as a party activist in Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam. After joining in DMK, He contested in state legislative assembly election from Mettur constituency in 2016 and lost by small marginal votes.Eventhough by his tiredless work for the party, DMK chief Mr.Stalin had gave seat to stand for MP Election from Salem constituency.