text:
Free trade agreements in force
FTA information and factsheets
Guide to the Provisions of the Thailand-Australia Free Trade Agreement
Thailand-Australia Free Trade Agreement (TAFTA) guide: How to read each country's commitments on services and investment
Thailand-Australia Free Trade Agreement step-by-step guide to determining a good's origin
Taking advantage of Thailand-Australia Free Trade Agreement's (TAFTA) benefits and opportunities: a five step guide for Australian exporters
Principal outcomes on trade in goods
Principal outcomes on services and investment
Australian commitments on tariffs
Australian commitments on services and investment
Guidance for Australian business
TAFTA news
FTA text and implementation
Structure and coverage
The Agreement consists of 19 Chapters and several Annexes and side-letters (exchanges of letters). A common cross-referencing system applies. Individual Articles are referred to as Article (Chapter Number). (Article Number). For example, Article 803 is the third article of Chapter 8. Annexes are numbered according to the Chapter they supplement. For example, Annex 2, which contains the tariff schedules of the two countries, supplements Chapter 2 of the Agreement (Trade in Goods).
Unless specified otherwise, the Agreement covers both citizens and permanent residents of both countries. The term "person" when used in the Agreement, refers both to a natural person and to a legal entity, such as a corporation. The Agreement covers activity throughout the territories of Australia and Thailand.
Chapter 1: Objectives and Definitions
Objectives (Article 102)
The main objectives of the Agreement are:
to liberalise trade in goods and services and to create favourable conditions for trade and investment;
to build upon the countries' WTO commitments and to support trade liberalisation and facilitation in APEC; and
to establish a program of cooperative activities.
Definitions (Article 103)
This Article contains definitions of key terms used throughout the Agreement.
The Chapter applies to trade in all goods between the two countries.
National treatment (Article 202)
The two countries will give national treatment to each other's goods. The national treatment obligation means that imports from the other country must be treated no less favourably than the same or similar domestically produced good once they have passed Customs.
Elimination of customs duties (Article 203)
This Article outlines rules for the elimination of customs duties on goods traded between Australia and Thailand which meet the rules of origin (see chapter 4, below).
Most customs duties will be eliminated when the Agreement enters into force. Others will be phased down to zero over varying periods. The two countries have set out their tariff elimination timetables in an Annex to this chapter (Annex 2).
Any tariff-rate quotas will be administered in a way that does not exacerbate the trade-restricting effect of the quota. A side letter commits both countries to cooperate in developing agreed procedures for the administration of tariff rate quotas.
Accelerated tariff elimination (Article 204)
Both countries have the right to ask the other for faster elimination of customs duties, and either may choose to reduce or eliminate its tariffs more quickly than provided for in Annex 2.
Administrative fees and formalities (Article 205)
Any fees and charges either country imposes under the FTA other than:
those permitted under Article III of the GATT (ie customs duties and internal charges); and
anti-dumping or countervailing duties imposed in connection with trade;
must be limited to the approximate cost of the services rendered and must not represent indirect protection.
Anti-dumping (Article 206)
Both countries will follow the anti-dumping rules and procedures provided for in the WTO Agreement. The Article sets out agreed practices, specifically in relation to consideration of price undertakings and the timeframe to be used in determining the volume of dumped imports in investigations or reviews.
Subsidies and countervailing measures (Article 207)
The countries confirm their rights and obligations under the WTO Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures.
Agricultural export subsidies (Article 208)
This Article commits the two countries to work towards the elimination of agricultural export subsidies in the WTO. It also provides for bilateral consultations on policies which may affect trade in food or agricultural products.
Both countries have agreed not to introduce or maintain any agricultural export subsidy on goods exported to the other.
Non-tariff measures (Article 209)
Except where allowed by WTO rules or under other provisions of this Agreement, neither country will take measures to restrict bilateral imports or exports. Any non-tariff measures will be transparent and will not be aimed at creating unnecessary obstacles to trade.
Annex - schedule of tariff commitments.
The Chapter aims to simplify and harmonise customs procedures and to ensure they are applied properly between the two countries.
Customs valuation (Article 303)
When determining the value of goods, the two countries will comply with the relevant WTO rules.
Customs procedures and facilitation (Article 304)
Both countries will maintain customs procedures that are transparent and that reflect international standards.
Cooperative arrangements and review and appeal (Articles 305 and 306)
The two countries will advise each other of changes in their customs laws or procedures which may affect the operation of the Agreement. They will also assist each other in seeking to prevent breaches of customs legislation. Each country will provide avenues for appeals against decisions taken by customs administrations.
Advance rulings and facilitation (Articles 307-311)
The two sides have committed to provide in advance (i.e. before export) rulings to exporters on the tariff classification of goods to be exported under the provisions of the Agreement. In addition, the customs administrations will release immediately any goods imported which are accompanied by a certificate of origin. Where the customs administration doubts the validity of the certificate, it may require the payment of a security until it has investigated the matter. The two countries will work to clear quickly low-risk goods. The two countries will also implement paperless trading initiatives. Contact points will be established in both countries to respond to customs-related enquiries.
This Chapter sets out the rules for determining which goods are originating and therefore eligible for preferential tariff treatment under the Agreement.
Originating goods (Article 402)
Originating goods of a country are those that:
are wholly obtained or produced in the country;
are produced in the country wholly from originating materials; or
are produced in the country wholly or partly from non-originating materials. Goods containing inputs from third countries must satisfy requirements agreed between the parties, which are set out in the provisions of the chapter and in Annex 4.1. The principal requirement for determining whether goods containing third country input qualify as originating is whether that input has undergone a specified change in tariff classification as a result of production processes occurring in the territory of either party. This is known as a "change in tariff classification" approach to determining origin. The required change for each product is set out in Annex 4.1.
Regional value content (Article 403)
For a number of products (particularly textiles, clothing and footwear, and machinery, but also for a number of other manufactures), the good being exported must also contain a defined level of local content as a proportion of the overall value of the good. This is known as a "regional value content" requirement. Where there is a regional value content requirement, this is also set out for each product in Annex 4.1.
For textile and clothing products, a proportion of other developing country input may be counted as originating for the purposes of determining whether those goods comply with the regional value content requirement. This input must undergo the relevant change in tariff classification applying to non-originating input.
Calculation of values (Articles 404-406)
To supplement the core "change in tariff classification" and "regional value content" criteria, the chapter contains detailed provisions covering a range of supplementary issues to be considered in determining whether a product qualifies as originating. Those provisions include how to take account of accessories delivered with goods, how to determine whether fungible goods are originating and whether packaging in which goods are packed needs to meet the origin requirements for the good.
The relevant provisions of the WTO Customs Valuation Agreement are to be used in determining the value of goods and inputs (or materials), modified as necessary.
Goods will not qualify for a tariff preference if, following export from one of the countries, they undergo further production in a third country prior to importation by the other country.
Registration of exporters (Article 407)
To bolster compliance with the rules of origin, detailed requirements have been included which must be met by exporters of either country who wish to export goods under the Agreement. Firstly, an exporter must register with an authorised body (in Australia's case, this will be either the Australian Chamber of Commerce and Industry or the Australian Industry Group and, in Thailand's case, it will be the Department of Foreign Trade, Ministry of Commerce) as an exporter of a certain product. The authorised body will then conduct any examinations of the exporter's operations it considers necessary to determine whether the product the exporter wishes to export would in fact qualify as originating. If the authorised body considers the product would comply, it will register the exporter as entitled to export that product.
Certification of origin (Article 408)
In addition to the requirement for registration as an exporter for a certain product, an exporter must also obtain from the authorised body a certificate of origin for each shipment of that product. The importing country will grant the tariff preference under the Agreement only to goods which are accompanied by a certificate of origin. The authorised bodies for each country and the documentary requirements for registration as an exporter and for obtaining a certificate of origin are set out in Annex 4.2.
Exporter sanctions (Article 409)
Exporters must notify an authorised body where production processes change in a way that might affect whether the goods would qualify as originating. The authorised body may then conduct an examination of the production process to ascertain whether the product would still qualify. This Article also provides for the imposition of sanctions on exporters, including where those exporters secure registration or obtain a certificate on the basis of false or misleading statements or fail to notify the authorised body of a change in production processes. The sanctions may include de-registration of certain products for a given period, or refusal to consider the granting of a certificate of origin.
Origin verification (Articles 412-414)
These Articles set out action that may be taken to verify the origin of goods seeking preferential treatment under the Agreement, including requesting written information and through visits to factories and premises. The importing country may suspend the application of the tariff preference during an investigation into origin verification. A claim for tariff preference treatment may be denied if a good does not meet the origin requirement or if the producer or exporter/importer fails to comply with the relevant requirements. Each country will provide a right of appeal in matters relating to eligibility for tariff preferences.
Committee on rules of origin (Article 415)
A committee on rules of origin will be established to monitor implementation of the provisions of the rules of origin, to discuss any issues that may arise and to consider modifications to the rules. The committee will meet at least yearly.
Annex 4.1 - rules of origin for each product
Annex 4.2 - authorised bodies, documentary requirements for registration as an exporter and for obtaining a certificate of origin
Chapter 5: Safeguards
The Chapter provides a mechanism for protecting industries in both Australia and Thailand from injury from rapidly increasing imports during the transition period (the transition period is the period during which tariffs are being reduced to zero under the Agreement). It also provides for special safeguard measures to apply to a number of agricultural products.
Application (Articles 502-503)
This Article allows each country, during the transition period, to lift the tariff to the most-favoured nation rate (i.e. the rate applying to imports of the product from most countries) which applied either at entry into force of the Agreement or at the time the measure was imposed (whichever was lower) or to suspend further reductions in the customs duties. In order to take safeguard measures, increased imports resulting from the reduction or elimination of customs duties must be causing or threatening serious damage to the domestic industry which produces a like or competitive product.
These transitional safeguard measures may be imposed initially for two years with a possibility of extension. The total duration of transitional safeguard measures is limited to six years. All safeguard measures must terminate within two years of the end of the transition period for the product concerned. A country applying a safeguard measure for more than a year must liberalise the measure at regular periods.
Investigation (Article 504)
A transitional safeguard measure can be applied only following an investigation by the country's competent authorities into the impact of increased imports on the particular industry. The Article refers to the economic variables to be addressed by such an investigation. There will be scope for interested parties to present their views to the investigating authority.
Provisional measures (Article 505)
In principle, transitional safeguards may be imposed only following an investigation into the effect of increased imports from the other party on the domestic industry. However, in highly unusual and critical circumstances where delay would cause damage that would be difficult to repair, a country may impose safeguard measures provisionally for up to 200 days pending the results of an investigation. This Article outlines the factors to be considered in determining whether there are unusual and critical circumstances.
Notification and consultation (Article 506)
The Article sets out the requirements for notification and consultation when a safeguard investigation is initiated and at other intervals in the investigation process.
Compensation (Article 507)
If a safeguard measure is extended for a period longer than three years, compensation is payable to the other country, in the form of substantially equivalent concessions. The nature of such compensation is to be determined through bilateral consultations.
Global safeguards (Article 508)
Each country retains its rights and obligations under the relevant WTO provisions. If either country applies global safeguards, it may exclude from the scope of those measures imports from the other country if those imports are not causing injury.
Special safeguard measures (Article 509)
Special safeguards apply to agricultural products which both countries have nominated as sensitive. Thailand has claimed this treatment for 41 tariff items covering meat, dairy and horticultural products for which tariffs will phase to zero by 2015 or 2020. Australia claimed special safeguards for four tariff items covering canned tuna, processed pineapple and pineapple juice for the period from entry into force until 2008. The specific products are listed in Annex 5.
Special safeguard action on these products can be taken without demonstrating damage to local industry: all that is required is that a specified volume of imports is exceeded in a given (calendar) year. If the volume level is triggered, the action that is allowed is the levying of customs duties at the current MFN tariff rate or at the base tariff rate specified in Annex 2 for the balance of the year.
Supplies of the product in question that are en route on the basis of a contract settled before the volume level is triggered will be exempted from the additional duties, but the volume will be counted against the following year's special safeguard volume.
The special safeguards regime will be reviewed within three years of entry into force of the Agreement, taking into account relevant international developments. If either country enters into a free trade agreement with a third country which excludes specific products from a special safeguards regime, the two countries will enter into consultations on possible action.
Annex 5 - products subject to a special safeguard
Chapter 6: Sanitary and Phytosanitary (SPS) Measures and Food Standards
This Chapter reaffirms that decisions on matters affecting quarantine and food safety will continue to be made on the basis of existing procedures including scientific assessments of the risks involved in the commercial trade of food, animals and plants and their products. This affirmation is made to reflect the primacy of existing rights and obligations under the WTO Agreement on Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures (SPS Agreement).
The Chapter recognises that both Australia and Thailand are major agricultural producers and exporters but with different systems and pest and disease status. Nothing in the Chapter undermines the right of either country to determine the level of protection it considers appropriate. The two countries have agreed to enhance consultation and cooperation on SPS issues to improve understanding of each country's measures and regulatory systems, and to work together to improve efficiencies in quarantine operations and associated regulatory processes. They will also cooperate internationally in these areas. An Expert Group will be established for this purpose, and will supplement the existing Joint Working Group on Agriculture.
General Provisions (Articles 603-608)
Each country reaffirms its existing commitments under the WTO SPS Agreement and, where relevant, the WTO Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Agreement, and agrees to enhance cooperation to facilitate safe trade in agricultural and food products. The countries will cooperate in encouraging the international harmonisation of SPS standards and in responding to each other's requests for consideration of equivalence of SPS measures and related processes. They will review their inspection, testing and certification procedures to ensure these are reasonable and necessary. They will also cooperate to ensure that any isolated non-compliance of imported consignments for products subject to SPS measures or other standards does not result in unnecessary hindrance to trade.
Consultative forum (Article 609)
This Article establishes an Expert Group on SPS Measures and Food Standards with a detailed mandate which will meet at least once a year to facilitate consultation and cooperation between Australia and Thailand on SPS issues and quarantine operational and other regulatory processes affecting agriculture and food trade. The Agreement incorporates (at Annex 6) a list of current SPS and certification priorities for both countries. At its first meeting the Expert Group will develop and agree to steps to implement a work program with the initial phase to be completed within two years of the signature of the Agreement.
Chapter 7: Industrial Technical Barriers to Trade
This Chapter applies to all standards, technical regulations and conformity assessment procedures of the government that affect trade in all goods. As tariffs are lowered or, in the case of an FTA eliminated, non-tariff measures that can be used to frustrate trade become increasingly prominent.
In addition to reaffirming the rights of each country under the TBT Agreement, the Chapter:
includes a commitment to promoting harmonisation of technical regulations where appropriate, taking into account relevant international standards;
encourages each country to consider recognising the other's standards as equivalent where they adequately fulfil the objectives of its own standards;
makes provision for conformity assessment procedures to be made compatible to the greatest extent practicable; and
provides for bilateral cooperation on standards issues and establishes contact points for that purpose.
Chapters 8 - 10: Trade in Services, Investment and the Movement of Natural Persons
Each country's schedule of specific commitments will be annexed to the Agreement (at Annex 8). The specific commitments take the form of a positive list, as in the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS).
These chapters do not apply to subsidies or grants provided for the supply or consumption of a service or in relation to an investment; or to services supplied in the exercise of governmental authority; or to government procurement; or to measures affecting individuals of one party seeking access to the other for the purposes of employment. The services chapter explicitly preserves each country's right to regulate services in its territory.
Trade in services (Chapter 8)
Rules applying to trade in services (Articles 805 - 807)
The Trade in Services Chapter applies to all modes for supplying services, including through commercial presence of (that is, direct investments by) service providers of one country in the other. The rules applying to services are based on the GATS, with modifications necessary to reflect the nature of the agreement as an FTA. The Chapter incorporates relevant GATS provisions on domestic regulation, monopoly service providers, as well as on financial services, air services and telecommunications.
The Chapter also provides for the relevant bodies in each country to cooperate in developing arrangements on the recognition in each country of professional or educational qualifications gained in the other.
Cooperation (Article 808)
This Chapter provides for enhanced cooperation in a range of areas, including research and development; human resources and professional development; management of data on trade in services; small and medium enterprise (SME) capacity enhancement; and education, health care and tourism. The chapter also provides for cooperation to assist Thailand develop the capacity to grant applications for business entry offshore.
Specific commitments (Articles 809 - 810)
The key liberalisation obligations in this Chapter relate to market access and national treatment. These obligations are modelled on corresponding GATS provisions.
Recording and review of commitments (Articles 812 - 816)
The Chapter provides for further negotiations on services within three years of entry into force of the Agreement. An accompanying side-letter sets out the areas that those negotiations should focus on: they include financial and telecommunications services and on the improvement by Thailand of the conditions which apply to Australian business people when visiting Thailand. These further negotiations complement the range of up-front commitments made by Thailand (and set out in its schedule in Annex 8).
The Chapter also provides that, where one country provides better access to a third country (for example, in free trade negotiations), the other country may ask for that better treatment to be extended to it, but there is no requirement that the better treatment should be extended.
Investment (Chapter 9)
Liberalisation of investments (pre-establishment) (Articles 903 - 905)
This Chapter includes commitments to liberalise investment in non-services sectors (mining and manufacturing). These commitments do not apply to subsidies or grants or to government procurement.
Treatment of investments post-establishment (Articles 906- 917)
The two countries have made a general commitment to treat investments in these sectors made by each other's investors at least as well as they treat such investments made by their own investors, with specified exceptions (which are listed in the countries' respective schedules of commitments on services and investment in Annex 8).
This Chapter also includes provisions on the protection of investments. These provisions are based on Australia's investment promotion and protection agreements. They provide for the fair and equitable treatment of investments, and for the treatment of each other's investors and their investments at least as well as investors or investments of any other country (a most-favoured nation commitment), except where such treatment flows from an FTA with another country.
The two countries have agreed not to expropriate investments made by each other's investors except for a public purpose, on a non-discriminatory basis and have undertaken to pay compensation where they do expropriate an investment. The Chapter also provides that the countries will permit each other's investors to transfer their funds freely, except where a party is facing balance of payments or external financial difficulties.
The Chapter also includes investor-state dispute settlement provisions, which are designed to give additional protection to Australian investors in Thailand. These provide an investor of one country with the right to challenge directly the other country to the agreement either in the other country's courts or in an international arbitral tribunal. Any decision is binding.
Modification and Review of Commitments (Articles 918 - 919)
There is provision in the Agreement for the countries to negotiate improvements to their commitments on investment in the event they provide better treatment to other countries or unilaterally liberalise their rules affecting investment.
Temporary movement of business people (Chapter 10)
This Chapter provides for temporary entry of intra-corporate transferees (i.e. individuals moving from part of a company located in one of the countries to another part of the same company located in the other country), contractual service suppliers (i.e. individuals of one of the countries providing a service to a company located in the other country under a contract) and business visitors (i.e. individuals of a country visiting the other country for the purposes of conducting business transactions relating to the sale of goods or services, or for the purposes of investing in the other country).
Short-term temporary entry (Article 1004)
The two countries have made a commitment to permit entry for up to 90 days for business visitors, and longer periods for intra-corporate transferees and contractual service suppliers. The Chapter in no way affects the rights of either country to regulate immigration.
Long-term temporary entry (Article 1005)
The countries will permit temporary entry for longer periods in accordance with their commitments set out in Annex 8.
Expeditious application procedures (Article 1008)
The two countries will process applications for immigration formalities expeditiously.
Provision of information (Article 1006)
The two countries will publish information about their procedures relating to temporary entry of business people. In accordance with Annex 8, they will also notify each other from time to time of the documentary requirements which they apply to applicants for temporary entry (under the Agreement, Thailand has simplified these requirements for Australians).
This Chapter sets out a number of provisions designed to ensure that trade conducted electronically between Australia and Thailand remains free. It provides for the two countries to work together to promote electronic commerce.
Non-imposition of customs duties (Article 1102)
Both countries have agreed to maintain their current practice of not imposing customs duties on electronic transmissions between the two countries.
Domestic regulation (Article 1103)
The two countries will seek to minimise the regulatory burden on electronic commerce and ensure their regulatory frameworks support industry-led development of electronic commerce.
Electronic authentication (Article 1104)
The two countries will maintain domestic legislation on electronic authentication and work towards the mutual recognition of digital certificates, based on internationally accepted standards.
Protection of consumers and personal data (Articles 1105 - 1106)
The two countries will protect consumers using electronic commerce at the same level as other consumers. Recognising the differences in the two countries' approach to personal data protection, the Chapter provides for them to take appropriate measures to protect the personal data of people using electronic commerce.
Paperless trading (Article 1107)
This Article encourages the use of electronic forms for trade administration documents.
This Chapter is intended to facilitate trade and investment through promoting competition and the curtailment of anti-competitive practices.
Application of competition laws (Articles 1203 - 1204)
This Article includes a commitment to maintaining generic or sector-specific competition laws that apply to all businesses and to the administration of these in a transparent, comprehensive and non-discriminatory way. Exemptions from these undertakings are permitted if they are transparent and reflect the public interest.
Cooperation, consultations and review and transparency (Articles 1205-1207)
The two countries have agreed to cooperate on competition law enforcement. Either country may seek consultations with the other with a view to eliminating anti-competitive practices that may be affecting trade and investment. The two sides have agreed to make publicly available their laws promoting fair competition and their laws addressing anti-competitive practices. A review of the scope of the commitments on competition will take place within three years of entry into force of the Agreement.
The objective of this Chapter is to increase the benefits from trade and investment through protecting and enforcing intellectual property rights.
International obligations (Article 1302)
The two countries have reaffirmed that they will respect the provisions of the WTO Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPs) and other relevant multilateral agreements on intellectual property.
Prevention of exports of pirated or counterfeit goods (Article 1303)
The two countries will take measures to prevent the export of goods that infringe copyright or trade marks.
Enforcement and cooperation (Articles 1304 - 1305)
The two countries will cooperate with a view to eliminating trade in goods which infringes intellectual property rights, including through the exchange of information through nominated contact points. They will also cooperate to increase awareness of intellectual property rights and the commercialisation of intellectual property.
Chapter 14: Transparent Administration Of Laws and Regulations
This Chapter aims to ensure that the relevant laws and regulations of each country are readily available to interested people in the other country.
Publication (Article 1402)
Both sides will publish relevant laws, regulations and decisions, either in journals or on the internet, where possible in advance. They will respond to questions from each other on laws and regulations affecting trade and investment.
Enquiries (Article 1403)
This Article establishes contact points to facilitate communications between the two countries on any matter covered by the Agreement.
Administrative proceedings (Article 1404)
The two countries will advise interested persons of administrative proceedings that may affect them wherever possible. Persons who would be affected will be offered an opportunity to present facts in any proceedings, in accordance with the relevant laws.
Review and appeal (Article 1405)
The two countries will ensure there are domestic procedures to enable prompt review and correction where necessary of administrative actions taken in relation to this Chapter.
This Chapter is included in the Agreement in recognition of the importance of government procurement to the economies of Australia and Thailand.
Establishment of Working Group (Article 1502)
This Chapter establishes a bilateral working group of officials that will report within 12 months of the entry into force of the Agreement on the scope for commencing negotiations that would be aimed at developing rules, procedures and transparency standards to be applied in the conduct of government procurement.
Principles applying to Government Procurement (Article 1503)
In the meantime, the Chapter sets out principles which the two countries should apply in their procurement procedures, namely: transparency, value for money, open and effective competition, fair dealing, accountability and due process, and non-discrimination.
Exchange of Information (Article 1504)
The Chapter also provides for exchange of information on relevant laws and policies.
Chapter 16: General Exceptions
This Chapter sets out exceptions which will apply to the Agreement generally (individual chapters also include exceptions to specific provisions contained in those chapters).
General and Security Exceptions (Articles 1601 - 1602)
Article XX (General Exceptions) and Article XXI (Security Exceptions) of the GATT 1994 are incorporated into the Agreement to apply to chapters relating to trade in goods. Article XIV (General Exceptions) and Article XIV bis (Security Exceptions) of the GATS (General Exceptions), are incorporated into the Agreement and apply to chapters relating to trade in services and investment.
Disclosure of Information (Article 1603)
The provisions of the Agreement will not require the disclosure of confidential information where this would be contrary to the public interest or legitimate commercial interests.
Balance of Payments (Articles 1604 - 1605)
These provisions permit either country flexibility in implementing its obligations under the Agreement where it is facing serious balance of payments or other external financial difficulties. These provisions are based on corresponding provisions in the GATT and the GATS and impose a number of conditions on the application of any measures which the country may impose.
Article 1606 (Prudential Measures)
This provision confirms that neither country will be prevented by the Agreement from taking action to protect investors, depositors, policy holders or others who are owed a fiduciary duty by a financial service supplier. In addition, either country is permitted to take measures to ensure the integrity and stability of its financial system.
Taxation measures (Article 1607)
The Agreement only imposes rights or obligations with respect to taxation measures where there is a corresponding right or obligation provided for in the WTO Agreement or in relation to the expropriation of assets. In the event of any inconsistency between the FTA and the 1989 double tax agreement between Australia and Thailand, the tax agreement prevails.
FTA Joint Commission (Articles 1701 - 1703)
A Free Trade Agreement Joint Commission (FTA Joint Commission) is established to ensure the proper implementation of the Agreement and to review periodically the economic relationship and partnership between the countries. The FTA Joint Commission may meet at the level of ministers or senior officials. The FTA Joint Commission will meet within one year of the date of entry into force of the Agreement and then each year, or as otherwise agreed.
General Review of the Agreement (Article 1704)
The Chapter also provides for a general review at ministerial level of the operation of the Agreement within five years of its entry into force and at least once every five years after that.
This Chapter establishes a fair, transparent, timely and effective procedure for settling disputes arising under the Agreement.
The Chapter commits the two sides to seek to resolve any disputes through consultations. It also provides that the two sides can have recourse to good offices, conciliation and mediation at any time to resolve a dispute. Where consultations do not resolve the dispute, a country may after 60 days seek the establishment of an arbitral tribunal. The tribunal consists of three members, one appointed by each country and the third (who acts as tribunal chair) appointed by the two members. The Chapter sets out time limits for the appointment of tribunal members.
The Chapter sets out some of the rules applying to proceedings of tribunals, leaving the remainder to be established by the tribunals themselves. The tribunal is to advise of its award within 120 days of its establishment, with that award being made public within a further 10 days. If one country is not satisfied that the other country has adequately implemented a tribunal award, it may decide to suspend benefits it owes to the other country under the Agreement, subject to a range of conditions.
The dispute settlement chapter will not apply to the SPS chapter. Any disputes on SPS issues will continue to be determined by WTO procedures. It will also not apply to a number of chapters where the provisions do not confer specific rights (such as government procurement, competition policy and electronic commerce).
This Chapter contains a range of provisions on the formal aspects of the Agreement, including how it can be amended. It provides that other countries may accede to the Agreement. It confirms that, in most cases, the Agreement does not commit either country to passing on to the other any benefit it confirms to a third country under a free-trade agreement or customs union. The chapter provides that the Trade Agreement Between the Government of Australia and the Government of the Kingdom of Thailand of 5 October 1979 will be terminated on entry into force of the Agreement.
This Chapter provides that the Agreement will enter into force 30 days after the countries have notified each other that they have completed the domestic requirements necessary for entry into force of the Agreement.
Requests for information and advice should be directed to:
Thailand Desk
R.G. Casey Building,
John McEwen Crescent,
Barton, ACT, 0221
Email: tafta@dfat.gov.au


Hurling is one of the oldest and fastest field games in the world. Two teams of 15 pit their skills,..
Pair of miniature hurleys in the Dublin colours. Hurling is one of the oldest and fastest field game..
Miniature hurleys in the Kerry or Meath Colours. Hurling is one of the oldest and fastest field game..
Miniature hurleys in the Limerick Colours - Hurling is one of the oldest and fastest field games in ..
MIniature hurleys in the Wexford colours. Hurling is one of the oldest and fastest field games in th..
Galway Hurling and Football Flag - Official Merchandise from the Galway GAA, Galway Footba..
Hurling Fridge Magnet with Clare colours - Hurling is one of the oldest and fastest field games in t..
Hurling fridge magnet in the Cork colours - Hurling is one of the oldest and fastest field games in ..
Hurling Fridge Magnet with Dublin colours. Hurling is one of the oldest and fastest field games in t..
Hurling Fridge Magnet in Galway colours. Hurling is one of the oldest and fastest field games in the..
Hurling Fridge Magnet in Kerry Colours. Hurling is one of the oldest and fastest field games in the ..
Hurling Fridge Magnet in Limerick colours. Hurling is one of the oldest and fastest field games in t..
Hurling Fridge Magnet in Tipperary colours. Hurling is one of the oldest and fastest field games in ..
A hurling fridge magnet in the Wexford colours. Hurling is one of the oldest and fastest field games..
A wooden hurling pen holder in the Clare colours - Hurling is one of the oldest and fastest field ga..
A hurning pen holder in the Kerry colours. Hurling is one of the oldest and fastest field games in t..
A hurling pen holder in the Limerick colours. Hurling is one of the oldest and fastest field games i..
A hurling pen holder in the Tipperary colours. Hurling is one of the oldest and fastest field games ..
A hurling pen holder in the Wexford colours. Hurling is one of the oldest and fastest field games in..
Hurling is one of the oldest and fastest field games in the world. Two teams of 15 pit their sk..


I get that you can sort/group by custom attributes, and that's ok....but why can't I just "Add new group, then add a group within that group"?
I don't want to have to sort all this stuff. I just want to be able to manage these folders. You created a quantum computer to solve 2+2. Can you PLEASE, just give us the ability to manage the folders like normal?
Create folder/group - move folder/group to sub group - move folder/group out of sub group...it's not a crazy request. Am I the only one who thinks the current method(while still useful) is horribly over complicated?


text:
The school is managed by a Board of Directors which consists of representatives from the London Welsh Community, Parent Body and the Lead Teacher.
Should you wish to write to any member of the Board, you can address your correspondence for the attention of the Board/Board Member to London Welsh School, Hanwell Community Centre, Westcott Crescent, Hanwell. W7 1PD or contact Margaret Jones the Chair via email on margaretjones@ysgolgymraegllundain.co.uk or Glenys Roberts, the Vice-Chair on glenysroberts@ysgolgymraegllundain.co.uk .
The school is managed by a Board of Directors who are responsible in law for the school and we have a duty of care towards the children, their parents, staff, visitors and others associated with the school.
It takes responsibility for the way the school is led, sympathetic to its founding principles of ensuring the school strives for a high standard, bilingual education to all pupils.
Its key responsibilities are to focus on three core strategic functions:
1. Ensuring clarity of vision, ethos and strategic direction;
2. Holding the Lead Teacher to account for the educational performance of the school and its pupils, and the performance management of staff.
3. Ensuring prudent financial management of the school and making sure its money is well spent.
For more information on the purpose of the Board of Directors please see below.
Our current Board : -
Chair – Mrs Margaret Tudor Jones
margaretjones@ysgolgymraegllundain.co.uk
Margaret was born in Machynlleth, but taught in London Primary schools for forty years, before retiring in July 2013. Having been a Deputy Head and Inclusion Manager, her knowledge and experience in education is invaluable to the Board.
Curriculum and Standards and Vice-Chair – Mrs Glenys Roberts
glenysroberts@ysgolgymraegllundain.co.uk
Glenys's involvement with The Welsh School began in 1989 when her children attended the Mothers and Toddlers Group. She subsequently led the Mothers and Toddlers Group and later led the Nursery School. She also taught part-time at the school. Glenys now teaches in schools in West London. Her involvement and experience in education will be of benefit to the running of the school. Glenys is from a Welsh speaking family from Llanelian near Colwyn Bay.
Curriculum and Standards - Mrs Ann C Batey.
Originally from Crymych, Pembrokeshire, Ann graduated from Bangor University with a degree in Welsh literature. After a period of teaching in North Wales, she spent her career as a teacher in London primary schools. She specialized in working with young pupils on Reading Recovery programmes and with those who had English as an additional language until she retired recently.
Finance - Mr Neil Thomas
Originally from Cardigan, Neil was educated in various schools including a small rural school in Pembrokeshire. He later went on to Jesus College, Oxford before training as a chartered accountant. Neil has worked for British Airways, Siemens, Atos before moving to Royal Geographical Society and now Nacro, which is involved in mainstream education as well as its traditional activities of secure education, housing and offender rehabilitation. His interests include rugby and he volunteers regularly to fundraise for Winston's Wish, a charity in the field of childhood bereavement.
Finance – Mr Huw Llewelyn Davies
Huw was born and brought up near Porthmadog, Gwynedd. After graduating in Mathematics, he started his career in London in Chartered Accountancy, which involved auditing the accounts of a wide variety of Limited Companies. He then worked in Risk and Control areas of international banks from 1987 until 2016.
Ethics – Reverend Robert Nicholls
Originally from Penclawdd near Swansea, Robert was educated at Gowerton School and University College of Wales, Aberystwyth. Following a number of years as Head of Music at Maes-yr-yrfa Welsh Medium Comprehensive School, he became a HMI Inspector of Schools. In November 2015 he was inducted as Minister at Eglwys Gymraeg Canol Llundain / The Welsh Church of Central London, Eastcastle Street, Oxford Circus.
Media - Mrs Sioned Wiliam
Sioned Wiliam's expertise is in media and broadcasting. She has worked as a presenter and a producer for over 20 years in both England and Wales. She is currently the Commissioning Editor for BBC Radio 4 Comedy.
Parents Representative – Mr Jonathan Wright
Jonathan has been involved with the school since 2014 when his son joined the nursery class. Originally from Cwm Gwendraeth, Jonathan graduated from UMIST with a Masters degree in Software Engineering. His expertise is in IT and GDPR, and he runs his own IT company.
Secretary – Mrs Eleri Brady eleribrady@ysgolgymraegllundain.co.uk
Originally from Aberystwyth, the school has been part of Eleri's life for the last 25 years. Her 5 sons attended the school, and they are certain that the school was vital in keeping the Welsh language alive in their home.
Information about the Board - The purpose of the Board of Directors
Governors Attendance 2017- 2018
The role of Governors 2018
School Governance regulations 2018
How to Become a Governor 2017
Register of Interests and Directors' Details 2017
YGLL Board of Directors CODE OF CONDUCT 2017
Our Current Strategic Plan: Strategic Plan 2015 -19
Annual Report to Parents 2017 – 2018 Board of Directors' Annual Report June 2018
Annual Report To Parents 2015-2016: Annual Report to Parents 2015-2016
Welsh Schools Trust – Articles of Association: WST Articles of Association
Annual Report to Parents 2016-2017
Message from the Lead Teacher
Macsen's Story - Interview

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Confusing Moments From Where The Crawdads Sing Explained
NEWS EXCLUSIVES MOVIES TV REVIEWS FEATURES
By Casey Cipriani/Dec. 4, 2022 1:00 pm EST
"Where the Crawdads Sing" was a 2018 best-selling novel that combined coming of age with a murder mystery in its story of "marsh girl" Kya. Like many best-sellers, especially ones that pop up on Reese Witherspoon's book club list, "Where the Crawdads Sing" was adapted into a film version in 2022.
The movie stars Daisy Edgar-Jones as Kya, a girl who is abandoned as a young child and learns to survive on her own in the marshes of Barkley Cove, North Carolina, in the 1950s and '60s. Her childhood friend Tate (Taylor John Smith) teaches her how to read and write, and eventually, the two develop a romantic relationship as they grow into their teen years. When Tate leaves for college, Kya starts seeing popular quarterback Chase Andrews (Harris Dickinson). But when Chase is found dead at the bottom of their small town's fire tower, Kya is immediately a suspect. A retired lawyer named Tom Morton (David Strathairn) takes up her case to defend Kya against the prosecution's pursual of the death penalty.
The film also co-stars Sterling Macer Jr. and Michael Hyatt as Jumpin' and Mabel, two shop owners who become Kya's parental figures when her parents have gone, Ahna O'Reilly as Kya's mother, and Garret Dillahunt as Kya's father. So did Kya actually kill Chase? Spoilers ahead! Here is the answer to that question as well as a few other unanswered mysteries in "Where the Crawdads Sing."
The following article includes descriptions of domestic and child abuse.
Did Kya kill Chase?
The film version of "Where the Crawdads Sing" leaves the viewer with a bit of an ambiguous ending. But in the novel, Kya's involvement in Chase's death is a little bit more clear. It's implied at the end of the movie that, when a much older Tate discovers the old seashell necklace that Kya made for Chase in one of his journals, he realized that she did in fact kill Chase. It's more than implied in the book, however, when Tate also reads a secret poem that accompanies the necklace: "Luring him was as easy," the poem begins, later reading, "The last step, a trap/ Down, down he falls/ His eyes still holding mine/ Until they see another world."
So Kya did kill Chase. But how did she do it? Essentially, the night unfolded exactly as the prosecution theorized it did. Kya used the alibi of her meeting with publishers in Greenville, but after her successful dinner, she boarded a night bus back to Barkley Cove in a disguise, lured Chase to the fire tower, pushed him through the open grate, then boarded another night bus back to Greenville in a second disguise and woke the next morning to meet again with her same publishers. What's not really clear, from either book or film, is how Kya got in touch with Chase, so even a few mysteries remain.
Was Kya a secret poet?
The reason that Tate realizes Kya killed Chase is because of not only the necklace, which Chase wore at all times but because of the poem that accompanies the necklace, which in the novel is called "The Firefly." This poem also reveals something else about Kya as well: that she was secretly a poet, writing poems under the name Amanda Hamilton.
Amanda Hamilton's poems are sprinkled throughout the original novel version of "Where the Crawdads Sing." Kya often refers to Amanda Hamilton as an author, as if she were another person, and also references many of her poems. At the end of the book, the readers learn that Kya was Amanda Hamilton, and she had been publishing various poems in the Barkley Cove local newspaper throughout her life. The poems are usually about nature, love, or independence — all things important to Kya, especially the brutal aspects of nature and how prey can survive particular predators.
The film didn't include any of Kya's poetry, however. Director Olivia Newman told The Wrap, "There's so many amazing parts of Delia's book and it was a very hard and painful decision of what to include in the movie and what we had to leave out. We hope that [Kya's] poetry comes through in the visual language and in the way that she talks and the way that she observes the world."
Who owned the red wool hat?
Sony Pictures/Netflix
During the investigation of Chase's death, the detectives and forensic scientists working on the case discover red wool fibers left behind on Chase's jacket. In snooping around Kya's porch, they see a red, wool hat inside her house and use that as probable cause to search Kya's home and confiscate the hat. But whose hat is it? Earlier in the film, after Chase and Kya start seeing each other, Tate hears Chase talking about his conquest to his friends on a dock. Tate confronts Chase about it, and the two have a minor scuffle. All the while, Tate is wearing the same red wool hat.
Later on in the film, when Tate visits Kya after years away he gives her the wool hat because she's cold. Now, the red fibers could have ended up on Chase's jacket after their fight, and in the book, Tate and Kya have a catch with the hat and it's not really clear who ends up with the hat in the end. As a reader, this makes you start thinking about the possibility that Tate may have been the one to murder Chase, which is also a plausible theory. But in the movie, Kya certainly ends up with the hat. The fibers could still have ended up there from the fight with Tate, but the scene with Kya and the jailhouse cat, where Kya examines the cat's fur left behind on her hands implies she believes the fibers are from her.
Did Kya and Tate get married?
Tate and Kya thankfully get their happy, romantic ending after Kya is acquitted of Chase's murder. They spend a night on the beach together, and Tate moves into Kya's shack the next morning, which has been renovated with the help of her book money. Tate actually proposes to Kya, but Kya says to him that they're basically already married like the geese. (Geese mate for life, which Kya and Tate seemingly did long before any of her business with Chase.)
So no, Kya and Tate don't get married in the traditional sense. But they have a long and happy life together. Kya doesn't ever really go back into the town of Barkley Cove, though she does attend Jumpin's funeral (in the book she stays home). Tate and Kya try to have kids, but find that they cannot conceive, so Kya devotes herself to her continued study of nature while Tate works at the lab. Jodie does get married, however, and brings his wife and kids around often, so they have a relationship with their nieces and nephews. Tate and Kya do devote their lives to one another in full and complete love until Kya's early death. One day, at the age of 64, she dies of a heart attack while out in her boat. The film handles this moment beautifully, with Kya seeing her mother waiting for her on the shore. Tate finds Kya and has her buried on her own land.
Did Chase marry Pearl?
One of the turning points in 'Where the Crawdads Sing" is when Kya discovers that Chase is engaged to a young woman named Pearl, whom in the book Kya refers to as "always wears pearls." Kya doesn't go to town often but has to do so to grocery shop and get anything else done or fixed that she needs to keep her home running. One day while shopping, she spies Chase and says hello. They'd been seeing each other intimately for a long while, so she thinks nothing of it that she could approach him out in public. Of course, Chase acts standoffish because Pearl and her friends are around, too, and he doesn't exactly want the town to know he's close to the "Marsh Girl." When Pearl and her friends come over and introduce themselves to Kya, Pearl identifies herself as "Chase's fiancé."
That's the point that Kya realizes that Chase was using her all along. That she was just a conquest, a side piece to Chase's real life and "proper" marriage to Pearl. When Chase explains that he just has to marry someone like Pearl, it's clear that he is going to continue lying to Kya, using her as another woman outside of his marriage. Chase does go on to marry Pearl, though he continues to have affairs with women in town. In the novel, Pearl assumes that Chase kept sleeping with Kya and believes their marriage was her motive for killing him.
Did Kya write more books?
After finding success with her first book — thanks to Tate's help finding an editor — Kya does indeed go on to write more books about the nature and wildlife of the Carolina coast. Her first book, "Shells of the Carolina Marsh," earned her an advanced payment of $5,000, which allows her to pay off the back taxes and fully own the 310 acres of marshland.
At the end of the film, when Kya gets acquitted of Chase's murder, her editor, Robert Foster, is in attendance. Foster was actually a key witness in the trial since it was he that planned Kya's trip to Greenville and had met with her for dinner the night of Chase's murder. He proved a valuable alibi, and when the jury reads the verdict of not guilty, Foster reaches for Kya's hand saying, "Now let's forget about all of this. I'm looking forward to the next book."
Kya went on to write seven more books throughout her life, using the marsh as her subject. A few of them can be seen in the window of Jumpin's Bate and Gas. "Insects of the Eastern Marsh," "Sea Birds of the Eastern Seaboard," and "Mushrooms of the Carolina Woods," are just a few of the titles that Kya publishes. Jumpin' and Mabel were obviously proud of her enough to display her work and help the sales.
Why didn't Tate contact Kya while he was away?
When Tate leaves for college, Kya is obviously sad, but Tate promises her that he will come back for the Fourth of July to visit. He doesn't show up, which breaks Kya's heart and turns her further into a recluse. But why didn't Tate start writing to Kya as soon as he left? He did teach her to read and write, after all, so they could have been in contact before their Independence Day date. There are a few different possibilities why Tate didn't contact Kya. First off, the mail situation at Kya's shack isn't really established in either the book or the movie. Kya's Pa does get a letter from Kya's Ma earlier in the film, so perhaps she can get mail at the shack. Tate also could have sent a letter to Jumpin' and Mabel and they would have been sure to get it to her.
The real reason, however, lies deeper in the book, which goes into more detail about how Tate cares for Kya very much but also doesn't know if he can meld his real-world pursuits and life with Kya's reclusive marsh life. In the film, Tate comes to Kya's shack after learning about her relationship with Chase, trying to persuade her he's using her. He explains that leaving her was, "The worst thing I've ever done and the worst thing I'll ever do in my life." In truth, Tate was scared and made a poor choice.
What happened to Jodie?
Kya's mother leaves the family shack after being the victim of domestic abuse for many years. Soon after Kya's Ma leaves, her older siblings go as well. First, her oldest brother Murphy leaves. A few months later, her older sisters Mandy and Missy depart as well. Finally, her brother Jodie, closest in both age and to Kya as a sibling, heads out, with cuts and bruises on his face from their father's fist. It seems that as soon as Kya's Ma left, Kya's Pa just went down in the line of birth order with who he'd abuse next. Kya manages to learn how to avoid him and manipulate him enough to spare herself her father's temper.
Years later, after Kya publishes her first book, Jodie returns. He had seen her book on the shelf in Ashville and came back to the shack to see if she was still there. Dressed in his military uniform, Jodie tells Kya what happened to their Ma (which we'll get to in a minute). But the book offers up more of Jodie's life than the film does. On their visit, Jodie tells Kya about his time in Vietnam and getting his mechanical engineering degree from Georgia Tech. Later on, Jodie gets married and has kids, which he brings around often to visit Kya and Tate, making them a full family once again.
If you or someone you know may be the victim of child abuse, please contact the Childhelp National Child Abuse Hotline at 1-800-4-A-Child (1-800-422-4453) or contact their live chat services.
What happened to Kay's Ma?
Jodie is also the one that ends up telling Kya what happened to their Ma. The book details that Ma was from New Orleans, and that Pa had won her heart yet lied to her about his financial situation. When they married, she was disappointed to find that he only had a small shack on the Carolina coast. During their reunion, Jodie tells Kya that he wasn't sure what happened to their older siblings, but he found out that Ma had been mentally unstable when she left. Years of abuse made her revert into survival mode, and she didn't even realize when she left that she had abandoned her children. She went to her sister Rosemary's house and about a year later realized what she had done. Ma wrote a letter to Pa asking if she could come to get the children, but he threatened to beat them further if she ever came back. Ma wasn't aware that all of the kids except for Kya were gone by then anyway.
Jodie then tells Kya that Ma developed leukemia and died just two years prior to their reunion. Kya's Ma was such a profound influence on her throughout her life. She knew her mother's situation was not right, and just like her Ma did, Kya had to choose to stand up to Chase and assure her own survival. Kya held her Ma so tightly in her heart that she sees her Ma, just as young as when she left, walking down the lane moments before her own death.
What happened to Kya's Pa?
Kya's Pa also had a pretty serious impact on Kya's life. After he was wounded in World War II, Kya's Pa returned home to live off of disability checks from the military. He managed to woo Kya's Ma by overspending on dinners out but basically deceived her into believing he was someone he was not. Kya's Pa drinks heavily and begins abusing his entire family as a result of his bitter, toxic attitude.
After observing how her mother and siblings are treated, Kya learns how to avoid her father when he's drinking, and she learns from him in her own way how to survive. It's Pa's abuse of her mother that also inspires her to do something about Chase. She fears that Chase will never leave her alone and eventually kill her if she doesn't take action first. Kya's Pa often takes Kya out fishing, or he goes out by himself drinking at the bar or elsewhere. One day, Kya's Pa simply doesn't come back, and it's never really revealed what happens to him, though we can assume he simply died from his own vices. Either that or perhaps Pa went to New Orleans to find Ma and was put in jail instead. Or maybe one of his poker buddies got mad at his cheating and killed him in a fight. Perhaps he simply walked off. Either way, Pa's leaving meant Kya had to fend for herself for good.
If you or anyone you know needs help with addiction issues, help is available. Visit the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration website or contact SAMHSA's National Helpline at 1-800-662-HELP (4357).


text:
Q: Accordion panels I am not good with jQuery. I found the following accordion panel script. This script hides all panels on load and open one when I click on it. However, I want to have all panels open on load and only click the one I want to hide.  don't want to hide all when I click on it.
// accordion
    $('.accordion h5').click(function () {
        $('.accordion h5').removeClass('open');
     // close all slides
        $('.accordion ul ul').slideUp('normal');
        if ($(this).next().is(':hidden') == true) {
            $(this).addClass('open');
            $(this).next().slideDown('normal');
        }
    });
    $('.accordion h5').mouseover(function () {
        $(this).addClass('hover');
    }).mouseout(function () {
        $(this).removeClass('hover');
    });
    $('.accordion ul ul').show();

A: Following should give behavior you want.
 $('.accordion h5').click(function () {
        $(this).toggleClass('open').next().slideToggle();
 }).hover(function(){
       $(this).toggleClass('hover');
 });

Provide some markup if this needs to be modified

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


nframoura began the revitalization of the Cupertino de Miranda Fountain. The purpose of this intervention is to reactivate this source and return to this historical element the functionality it once had. The statue will remain intact, but through the light and water elements now incorporated, you will gain a new life.


Melissa Harris-Perry on Race, Media, and the Story Behind This Year's Presidential Race | Democracy Now!
the Maya Angelou presidential chair at Wake Forest University, where she directs the Anna Julia Cooper Center on Gender, Race, and Politics in the South. She's also executive director of the Pro Humanitate Institute at Wake Forest and runs the Wake the Vote initiative.
Last month, professor, author and political commentator Melissa Harris-Perry had a very public breakup with MSNBC after four years of hosting her eponymous weekend show. Reaction extended from the blogosphere to the floor of the House, where Illinois Congressmember Luis Gutiérrez stood next to a sign of the NBC peacock with the hashtag #NBCSoWhite and suggested the network has a racial diversity problem. But even though her show is now off the air, Melissa is still sparking critical conversations. She joins us to talk about this year's presidential contest, voter ID laws, anti-LGBT legislation and much more.
REP. LUIS GUTIÉRREZ: What's going on at NBC? Last week, Wake Forest University professor and MSNBC television host Melissa Harris-Perry was abruptly pulled from the airwaves without even a chance to say goodbye. NBC said they wanted a show that was more about politics. But I have to say that when I watched the show, Melissa Harris-Perry was talking about politics in a unique way, like few others on the airwaves. She brought diverse voices to the table to talk directly and unapologetically about the politics of race in America, a major theme among candidates and a critical conversation to include on the airwaves. I'm sad to see her go, just like Alex Wagner before her, but I am even sadder because I don't think these are isolated cases.
AMY GOODMAN: That was Democratic Congressman Luis Gutiérrez speaking on the House floor about the important role of Melissa Harris-Perry's show on MSNBC. Well, her show may be off the air, but she's still sparking critical conversations.
To talk more about this year's presidential contest, controversial new voter ID laws, the U.S. media, anti-LGBT legislation and much more, we are joined by Melissa Harris-Perry herself. She is the Maya Angelou presidential chair at Wake Forest University, where she directs the Anna Julia Cooper Center on Gender, Race, and Politics in the South. She's also executive director of the Pro Humanitate Institute at Wake Forest and runs the Wake the Vote initiative.
MELISSA HARRIS-PERRY: It's so nice to be back.
MELISSA HARRIS-PERRY: That was amazing.
AMY GOODMAN: —the congressman, with that hashtag, #NBCSoWhite. Why did you leave MSNBC?
MELISSA HARRIS-PERRY: I didn't mean to leave. I certainly wanted to stay. I refused to go back on air, initially, simply because what had happened was the show was gone, and I felt that they were asking me to come back to anchor my hours, but not to actually host my show.
MELISSA HARRIS-PERRY: So, the show had a certain kind of branding. We did certain kinds of work. We brought particular voices. We had a perspective and a point of view, and we had a lot of editorial control. That had been true for four years. But over the course of really the months that began in 2016, we had moved to kind of—and I want to be clear: I think the word "politics" is the wrong word. It was horse-race election coverage. Right? Which is not the same thing, from my perspective, as "politics." I wasn't prepared to simply do horse-race election coverage. And so, I had not been invited to host my show nor to even anchor during my hours for weeks. After some other media outlets asked questions about that, I was then invited back, not, again, to host my show, but to anchor 10:00 a.m. to noon, Saturday and Sunday. I felt that doing so would have been to signal to the audience that everything was fine. And everything was not fine. Therefore, it was important to actually not be there, so that it would be a clear and visible signal that everything was not fine.
AMY GOODMAN: You mean your show at that time was now called Place for Politics, like the rest of MSNBC is branded? It wasn't Nerdland or MHP anymore?
NERMEEN SHAIKH: So who were the—just give us a sense of the kinds of voices that you had on your program.
MELISSA HARRIS-PERRY: I mean, you know, for us, we were—we were a roundtable, basically, of, at any moment—sometimes it might be a one-on-one, but it was often three to four people at the table. We worked really hard to make sure that we had diverse voices, so that both meant racially diverse, it also meant diverse in perspective, it also meant diverse across genders, it also meant diverse across perspectives. And, you know, so, for us, that meant, at any given moment, you might have, you know, a cis heterosexual white man like Dave Zirin, who nonetheless is one of our favorite black feminists, but is a cis heterosexual white man, doing—kind of performing a black feminist analysis of sports, at the same time we might have, you know, Kenji Yoshino, who is a queer Asian constitutional scholar, who would be there to talk to us about the Supreme Court. So he's doing kind of very clear, straightforward, straight-ahead analysis of the Supreme Court, but also doing it in a body that might be unusual.
AMY GOODMAN: Well, you brought up sports, so tell us what happened Super Bowl time—not that sports were your big thing, but this Super Bowl, 50th anniversary, was certainly huge with what Beyoncé did.
MELISSA HARRIS-PERRY: Yeah. Well, so, Beyoncé dropped "Formation" the night before the Super Bowl. For us, that was kind of right in the wheelhouse of all the things we cared about. "Formation" took up the issue of Hurricane Katrina. And, of course, as you know, I lived in post-Katrina New Orleans. My husband is an advocate and civil rights attorney who did a lot of post-Katrina work in New Orleans. And, of course, our show had been thinking about New Orleans for a long time—and, frankly, thinking about Beyoncé for a long time. So we immediately knew that we wanted to address this video, address the popular culture questions, address the racial questions, address the Black Lives Matter imagery that emerged as a result. And we were told not to do so.
AMY GOODMAN: What do you mean? Who told you not to do so?
MELISSA HARRIS-PERRY: The sort of senior—what's the word? He wasn't—he's not a producer on our show, but he was—he's the person, Chris Peña, who was sort of over what happened on the weekends. And he simply came in and said, "No, you can't do it." And so there was a back-and-forth struggle for a few hours.
MELISSA HARRIS-PERRY: I don't think it's about ratings, though. This was never said to me in any way as being primarily a ratings question. It's really a direction question. It was a—and I want to be really clear about something: I think, in an organization built on hierarchy, that those at the top have every right to change direction. And so, one of the things that I think has gotten lost is, as though I have an argument with the directional change. Now, I do, in the sense that that isn't the direction I wanted to go in, but that isn't really where the—sort of where the fight broke out. I'm the leader of an organization; I've changed direction in my organization.
The issue was that there was a directional change that was not being communicated either to me as an employee or, even more importantly, to my audience. And so, what happened was, we were simply disappeared, with no communication to the audience, and then I was going to sort of reappear as though everything was fine. That, for me, was what was unacceptable. So, the email communication that was leaked was about me explaining to my team why I was making their life harder by not coming back to host. And clearly, the portions of it that ended up in The New York Times were the most inflammatory or potentially inflammatory portions relative to race, which is the point at which I made a decision to leak the entire letter, so that people could read the entire email and make a decision on their own about what they thought I was saying, one way or another. But the issue wasn't that MSNBC made a decision to go a new direction. That's their right. It's their channel. It was that they weren't communicating it.
MELISSA HARRIS-PERRY: I have a Ph.D. in it, that's right.
AMY GOODMAN: And here we are in one of the most contested elections we have ever known.
AMY GOODMAN: Your thoughts, what you can't say now on MSNBC?
MELISSA HARRIS-PERRY: Well, I guess what I'd say is, for me, what's—I have—you know, it was interesting to listen to Congressman Gutiérrez stand there and say that he saw politics in our show. I certainly felt that we were completely capable of covering an election. We had covered elections previously. We've been on air for four years. Obviously, we covered the 2012 election.
AMY GOODMAN: You were in Iowa when your show was in Iowa, but you weren't on your show?
MELISSA HARRIS-PERRY: I did not—I did not—well, I was on my show as a guest, but I was not allowed to host my own show. Ari Melber hosted my show; I was a guest on it. That was part of how we knew things were going wrong. I was not allowed to host my own show, nor was I invited to be any part of coverage in New Hampshire. I was not invited to host my show from South Carolina, despite the fact that I live in North Carolina and was in South Carolina. I have no idea why. No one communicated any of those things to me.
MELISSA HARRIS-PERRY: That's true. I did. I loved our show. It's been gone for a little over a month, and I am surprised even about how much I miss it. The people I worked with, turns out, were—I said I didn't know how few friends I had, until suddenly the folks who I talked to every day for four years were gone. They were the people I talked to about politics all the time, and I miss them profoundly.
That said, in the end, when I was invited to come—again, to come back to host those hours or to anchor those hours, but not to host the show, I definitely felt that I was being used in order to signal that everything was fine. And again, everything was not fine. When I talk about mammy, the symbol of mammy is one kind of historically where the African-American woman cares more about the family of the employer than about her own family. And what I want to be really clear about was that I care more about the MHP show family, about our audience, about our team, than I do about Andy Lack or Phil Griffin's family, their profits, their ratings—which seem to be just fine. Again, this wasn't an argument about whether or not they were making the right decisions for their bottom line.
But again, my primary job is as a college professor. My primary intellectual, personal and political commitments are actually not about how many TV minutes or hours I get. I felt like I needed to have been communicated with clearly, so that I could make a decision about what direction I was going in. The decision to not have a conversation with me about any of that, the decision to leak not only this information but other information later when the conversation started, the attempt to silence me once we had the struggle—and particularly in the context of MSNBC having rehired Brian Williams and having made public comments where they said things like, you know, "We're in an NBC family where second chances are always possible, where redemption is an important part of who we are"—it is, frankly, painful that after four years of working extremely hard for these people, after giving up a lot of family time and personal time and professional time, to be discarded in that way. And so, for me, although I don't know what the reasons are, I am pleased that, ultimately, I cared more about my family than about theirs.
NERMEEN SHAIKH: Well, very quickly, before we conclude, can you talk about your experience in the context of the concept "crooked room" that you talk about in your book, Sister Citizen?
MELISSA HARRIS-PERRY: You know, I probably can't, only because I don't know that we can analyze ourselves in that way. Sister Citizen is about the stereotypes that African-American women are bound by, so the ways that we think—that we know who black women are, based on some very old stereotypes of mammy, of Jezebel, of the angry black woman. And so, I sometimes feel like I see them happening, particularly in the context of media and social media. But the truth is, we're not very honest about who we are as ourselves. None of us can see ourselves very well. It's kind of like we can't hear the sound of our own voice because of how it reverberates. So, I will leave it to others to write the thought pieces about that.
AMY GOODMAN: —post it online at democracynow.org.
We're on our 100-city tour, tomorrow Columbus, Ohio at the Ohio State University; then on Saturday in Missouri, in St. Louis and Columbia and Kansas City; on Sunday in Santa Barbara and in Los Angeles; on Monday in San Francisco. Check our website at democracynow.org. Hundred city, folks, we're going on the road.


text:
namespace VulkanCookbook {

  struct ImageDescriptorInfo {
    VkDescriptorSet                     TargetDescriptorSet;
    uint32_t                            TargetDescriptorBinding;
    uint32_t                            TargetArrayElement;
    VkDescriptorType                    TargetDescriptorType;
    std::vector<VkDescriptorImageInfo>  ImageInfos;
  };

  struct BufferDescriptorInfo {
    VkDescriptorSet                     TargetDescriptorSet;
    uint32_t                            TargetDescriptorBinding;
    uint32_t                            TargetArrayElement;
    VkDescriptorType                    TargetDescriptorType;
    std::vector<VkDescriptorBufferInfo> BufferInfos;
  };

  struct TexelBufferDescriptorInfo {
    VkDescriptorSet                     TargetDescriptorSet;
    uint32_t                            TargetDescriptorBinding;
    uint32_t                            TargetArrayElement;
    VkDescriptorType                    TargetDescriptorType;
    std::vector<VkBufferView>           TexelBufferViews;
  };

  struct CopyDescriptorInfo {
    VkDescriptorSet     TargetDescriptorSet;
    uint32_t            TargetDescriptorBinding;
    uint32_t            TargetArrayElement;
    VkDescriptorSet     SourceDescriptorSet;
    uint32_t            SourceDescriptorBinding;
    uint32_t            SourceArrayElement;
    uint32_t            DescriptorCount;
  };

  void UpdateDescriptorSets( VkDevice                                       logical_device,
                             std::vector<ImageDescriptorInfo> const       & image_descriptor_infos,
                             std::vector<BufferDescriptorInfo> const      & buffer_descriptor_infos,
                             std::vector<TexelBufferDescriptorInfo> const & texel_buffer_descriptor_infos,
                             std::vector<CopyDescriptorInfo> const        & copy_descriptor_infos );

} // namespace VulkanCookbook

#endif // UPDATING_DESCRIPTOR_SETS

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
<!DOCTYPE html>

<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="initial-scale=1.0, maximum-scale=1.0, user-scalable=no, width=device-width">
<meta name="generator" content="joDoc">
<title>Apache Cordova API Documentation</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="index.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="mobile.css" media="only screen and (max-device-width: 1024px)">
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="prettify/prettify.css">

Apache Cordova Documentation

                <select><optgroup label="English" value="en">
<option value="edge">edge</option>
<option value="2.9.0rc1">2.9.0rc1</option>
<option value="2.9.0">2.9.0</option>
<option value="2.8.0">2.8.0</option>
<option value="2.7.0rc1">2.7.0rc1</option>
<option value="2.7.0">2.7.0</option>
<option value="2.6.0rc1">2.6.0rc1</option>
<option value="2.6.0">2.6.0</option>
<option value="2.5.0rc1">2.5.0rc1</option>
<option value="2.5.0">2.5.0</option>
<option value="2.4.0rc1">2.4.0rc1</option>
<option value="2.4.0">2.4.0</option>
<option value="2.3.0rc2">2.3.0rc2</option>
<option value="2.3.0rc1">2.3.0rc1</option>
<option value="2.3.0">2.3.0</option>
<option value="2.2.0rc2">2.2.0rc2</option>
<option value="2.2.0rc1">2.2.0rc1</option>
<option value="2.2.0">2.2.0</option>
<option value="2.1.0rc2">2.1.0rc2</option>
<option value="2.1.0rc1">2.1.0rc1</option>
<option value="2.1.0">2.1.0</option>
<option value="2.0.0rc1">2.0.0rc1</option>
<option value="2.0.0">2.0.0</option>
<option value="1.9.0rc1">1.9.0rc1</option>
<option value="1.9.0">1.9.0</option>
<option value="1.8.1">1.8.1</option>
<option value="1.8.0rc1">1.8.0rc1</option>
<option value="1.8.0">1.8.0</option>
<option value="1.7.0rc1">1.7.0rc1</option>
<option value="1.7.0">1.7.0</option>
<option value="1.6.1">1.6.1</option>
<option value="1.6.0rc1">1.6.0rc1</option>
<option value="1.6.0">1.6.0</option>
<option value="1.5.0rc1">1.5.0rc1</option>
<option selected value="1.5.0">1.5.0</option>
</optgroup>
<optgroup label="Japanese" value="jp">
<option value="2.2.0">2.2.0</option>
<option value="2.1.0">2.1.0</option>
<option value="2.0.0">2.0.0</option>
<option value="1.9.0">1.9.0</option>
<option value="1.8.1">1.8.1</option>
<option value="1.7.0">1.7.0</option>
</optgroup>
<optgroup label="Korean" value="kr"><option value="2.0.0">2.0.0</option></optgroup></select>

Device

            <select><option value="Device">Device</option>
<option value="Device_properties">      - Properties</option>
<option value="Device_variable_scope">      - Variable Scope</option>
<option value="device.name">device.name</option>
<option value="device.name_description">      - Description</option>
<option value="device.name_supported_platforms">      - Supported Platforms</option>
<option value="device.name_quick_example">      - Quick Example</option>
<option value="device.name_full_example">      - Full Example</option>
<option value="device.name_android_quirks">      - Android Quirks</option>
<option value="device.name_iphone_quirks">      - iPhone Quirks</option>
<option value="device.phonegap">device.phonegap</option>
<option value="device.phonegap_description">      - Description</option>
<option value="device.phonegap_supported_platforms">      - Supported Platforms</option>
<option value="device.phonegap_quick_example">      - Quick Example</option>
<option value="device.phonegap_full_example">      - Full Example</option>
<option value="device.platform">device.platform</option>
<option value="device.platform_supported_platforms">      - Supported Platforms</option>
<option value="device.platform_quick_example">      - Quick Example</option>
<option value="device.platform_full_example">      - Full Example</option>
<option value="device.platform_iphone_quirks">      - iPhone Quirks</option>
<option value="device.platform_blackberry_quirks">      - BlackBerry Quirks</option>
<option value="device.uuid">device.uuid</option>
<option value="device.uuid_description">      - Description</option>
<option value="device.uuid_supported_platforms">      - Supported Platforms</option>
<option value="device.uuid_quick_example">      - Quick Example</option>
<option value="device.uuid_full_example">      - Full Example</option>
<option value="device.version">device.version</option>
<option value="device.version_supported_platforms">      - Supported Platforms</option>
<option value="device.version_quick_example">      - Quick Example</option>
<option value="device.version_full_example">      - Full Example</option></select>

API Reference

Accelerometer

Camera

Capture

Compass

Connection

Contacts

Device

Events

File

Geolocation

Media

Notification

Storage

Guides

Getting Started Guides

Keyword Index

Device

The device object describes the device's hardware and software.

Properties

device.name

device.phonegap

device.platform

device.uuid

device.version

Variable Scope

Since device is assigned to the window object, it is implicitly in the global scope.

// These reference the same `device`
//
var phoneName = window.device.name;
var phoneName = device.name;

device.name

Get the device's model name.

var string = device.name;

Description

device.name returns the name of the device's model or product. This value is set by the device manufacturer and may be different across versions of the same product.

Supported Platforms

Android

BlackBerry

BlackBerry WebWorks (OS 5.0 and higher)

iPhone

Windows Phone 7 ( Mango )

Quick Example

// Android:    Nexus One       returns "Passion" (Nexus One code name)
//             Motorola Droid  returns "voles"
// BlackBerry: Bold 8900       returns "8900"
// iPhone:     All devices     returns a name set by iTunes e.g. "Joe's iPhone"
//
var name = device.name;

Full Example

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
  <head>
    <title>Device Properties Example</title>

    <script type="text/javascript" charset="utf-8" src="cordova-1.5.0.js"></script>
    <script type="text/javascript" charset="utf-8">

    // Wait for PhoneGap to load
    //
    document.addEventListener("deviceready", onDeviceReady, false);

    // PhoneGap is ready
    //
    function onDeviceReady() {
        var element = document.getElementById('deviceProperties');

        element.innerHTML = 'Device Name: '     + device.name     + '<br />' +
                            'Device PhoneGap: ' + device.phonegap + '<br />' +
                            'Device Platform: ' + device.platform + '<br />' +
                            'Device UUID: '     + device.uuid     + '<br />' +
                            'Device Version: '  + device.version  + '<br />';
    }

    </script>
  </head>
  <body>
    <p id="deviceProperties">Loading device properties...</p>
  </body>
</html>

Android Quirks

Gets the product name instead of the model name.

The product name is often the code name given during production.

e.g. Nexus One returns "Passion", Motorola Droid returns "voles"

iPhone Quirks

Gets the device's custom name instead of the device model name.

The custom name is set by the owner in iTunes.

e.g. "Joe's iPhone"

device.phonegap

Get the version of phonegap running on the device.

var string = device.phonegap;

Description

device.phonegap returns the version of phonegap running on the device.

Supported Platforms

Android

BlackBerry

BlackBerry WebWorks (OS 5.0 and higher)

iPhone

Windows Phone 7 ( Mango )

Quick Example

var name = device.phonegap;

Full Example

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
  <head>
    <title>Device Properties Example</title>

    <script type="text/javascript" charset="utf-8" src="cordova-1.5.0.js"></script>
    <script type="text/javascript" charset="utf-8">

    // Wait for PhoneGap to load
    //
    document.addEventListener("deviceready", onDeviceReady, false);

    // PhoneGap is ready
    //
    function onDeviceReady() {
        var element = document.getElementById('deviceProperties');

        element.innerHTML = 'Device Name: '     + device.name     + '<br />' +
                            'Device PhoneGap: ' + device.phonegap + '<br />' +
                            'Device Platform: ' + device.platform + '<br />' +
                            'Device UUID: '     + device.uuid     + '<br />' +
                            'Device Version: '  + device.version  + '<br />';
    }

    </script>
  </head>
  <body>
    <p id="deviceProperties">Loading device properties...</p>
  </body>
</html>

device.platform

Get the device's operating system name.

var string = device.platform;

Supported Platforms

Android

BlackBerry

BlackBerry WebWorks (OS 5.0 and higher)

iPhone

Windows Phone 7 ( Mango )

Quick Example

// Depending on the device, a few examples are:
//   - "Android"
//   - "BlackBerry"
//   - "iPhone"
//   - "webOS"
//   - "WinCE"
var devicePlatform = device.platform;

Full Example

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
  <head>
    <title>Device Properties Example</title>

    <script type="text/javascript" charset="utf-8" src="cordova-1.5.0.js"></script>
    <script type="text/javascript" charset="utf-8">

    // Wait for PhoneGap to load
    //
    document.addEventListener("deviceready", onDeviceReady, false);

    // PhoneGap is ready
    //
    function onDeviceReady() {
        var element = document.getElementById('deviceProperties');

        element.innerHTML = 'Device Name: '     + device.name     + '<br />' +
                            'Device PhoneGap: ' + device.phonegap + '<br />' +
                            'Device Platform: ' + device.platform + '<br />' +
                            'Device UUID: '     + device.uuid     + '<br />' +
                            'Device Version: '  + device.version  + '<br />';
    }

    </script>
  </head>
  <body>
    <p id="deviceProperties">Loading device properties...</p>
  </body>
</html>

iPhone Quirks

All devices return iPhone as the platform. This is inaccurate because Apple has rebranded the iPhone operating system as iOS.

BlackBerry Quirks

Devices may return the device platform version instead of the platform name.  For example, the Storm2 9550 would return '2.13.0.95' or similar.

device.uuid

Get the device's Universally Unique Identifier (UUID).

var string = device.uuid;

Description

The details of how a UUID is generated are determined by the device manufacturer and specific to the device's platform or model.

Supported Platforms

Android

BlackBerry

BlackBerry WebWorks (OS 5.0 and higher)

iPhone

Windows Phone 7 ( Mango )

Quick Example

// Android: Returns a random 64-bit integer (as a string, again!)
//          The integer is generated on the device's first boot
//
// BlackBerry: Returns the PIN number of the device
//             This is a nine-digit unique integer (as a string, though!)
//
// iPhone: (Paraphrased from the UIDevice Class documentation)
//         Returns a string of hash values created from multiple hardware identifies.
//         It is guaranteed to be unique for every device and cannot be tied
//         to the user account.
// Windows Phone 7 : Returns a hash of device+current user,
// if the user is not defined, a guid is generated and will persist until the app is uninstalled
//
var deviceID = device.uuid;

Full Example

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
  <head>
    <title>Device Properties Example</title>

    <script type="text/javascript" charset="utf-8" src="cordova-1.5.0.js"></script>
    <script type="text/javascript" charset="utf-8">

    // Wait for PhoneGap to load
    //
    document.addEventListener("deviceready", onDeviceReady, false);

    // PhoneGap is ready
    //
    function onDeviceReady() {
        var element = document.getElementById('deviceProperties');

        element.innerHTML = 'Device Name: '     + device.name     + '<br />' +
                            'Device PhoneGap: ' + device.phonegap + '<br />' +
                            'Device Platform: ' + device.platform + '<br />' +
                            'Device UUID: '     + device.uuid     + '<br />' +
                            'Device Version: '  + device.version  + '<br />';
    }

    </script>
  </head>
  <body>
    <p id="deviceProperties">Loading device properties...</p>
  </body>
</html>

device.version

Get the operating system version.

var string = device.version;

Supported Platforms

Android 2.1+

BlackBerry

BlackBerry WebWorks (OS 5.0 and higher)

iPhone

Windows Phone 7 ( Mango )

Quick Example

// Android:    Froyo OS would return "2.2"
//             Eclair OS would return "2.1", "2.0.1", or "2.0"
//             Version can also return update level "2.1-update1"
//
// BlackBerry: Bold 9000 using OS 4.6 would return "4.6.0.282"
//
// iPhone:     iOS 3.2 returns "3.2"
//
// Windows Phone 7: returns current OS version number, ex. on Mango returns 7.10.7720
var deviceVersion = device.version;

Full Example

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
  <head>
    <title>Device Properties Example</title>

    <script type="text/javascript" charset="utf-8" src="cordova-1.5.0.js"></script>
    <script type="text/javascript" charset="utf-8">

    // Wait for PhoneGap to load
    //
    document.addEventListener("deviceready", onDeviceReady, false);

    // PhoneGap is ready
    //
    function onDeviceReady() {
        var element = document.getElementById('deviceProperties');

        element.innerHTML = 'Device Name: '     + device.name     + '<br />' +
                            'Device PhoneGap: ' + device.phonegap + '<br />' +
                            'Device Platform: ' + device.platform + '<br />' +
                            'Device UUID: '     + device.uuid     + '<br />' +
                            'Device Version: '  + device.version  + '<br />';
    }

    </script>
  </head>
  <body>
    <p id="deviceProperties">Loading device properties...</p>
  </body>
</html>


text:
"Seeking Truth"? True and Not True---On the Equivocal Position of Hangchow Christian College in the History of Zhejiang University
Nov 20 12:00–1:30pm
Common Room, 2 Divinity Ave., Cambridge
Shen Hong (Professor of English, School of International Studies, Zhejiang University; HYI Visiting Scholar 2018-19)
Chair/discussant: David Wang (Edward C. Henderson Professor of Chinese Literature, Department of East Asian Languages and Civilizations, Harvard University)
Co-sponsored by the Fairbank Center for Chinese Studies
Hangchow Christian College used to be one of the thirteen Protestant missionary colleges and university in China that were abolished in 1952. As the earliest institute of higher learning in Zhejiang Province, it once helped the local government in founding Qiushi Academy---the predecessor of Zhejiang University. Since 1952, a large part of the former Hangchow Christian College was also merged into Zhejiang University. Today the university authorities have a mixed feeling towards this former missionary college. On the one hand, Zhejiang University enjoys the tremendous material advantages brought about by Hangchow Christian College, but on the other hand, it refuses to acknowledge the latter's contributions and help in its early history. The present talk aims to make an assessment of the equivocal position of Hangchow Christian College in the history of Zhejiang University.


Your Mac is safe, so why is it important to make it safer? Not only do online dangers threaten your computer, but your Apple device can also become a carrier of malware that spreads to your friends and family. ESET Cybersecurity Pro is designed to be smart and clean, just like your Mac. Powered by the advanced ThreatSense scanning engine, ESET Cybersecurity Pro features proactive protection, an intuitive user interface, parental controls, personal firewall, and solutions that run seamlessly in the background.
When sharing music, video, or other files, it's possible that these contain viruses that are not a threat to the Mac, but should be removed to protect your friends, family and others who may receive files from you.
ESET Cybersecurity Pro won't slow your Mac down. Full disk scans run smoothly in the background and security updates are automatic. Now, you can work, play, explore and create without slowdowns, annoying pop-ups, or compromising security for productivity.
ESET Cybersecurity Pro is easy to install and setup, features intuitive dashboard displays, and provides instructions on how to address security threats. By integrating seamlessly with your Mac, ESET Cybersecurity Pro works quietly in the background with low memory usage and minimal alerts.
Processor Architecture: 32bit x86 or 64bit x64, Intel. Operating Systems: macOS 10.13 (High Sierra), macOS 10.12 (Sierra), OS X 10.11.x (El Capitan), OS X 10.10.x (Yosemite), OS X 10.9.x (Mavericks), OS X 10.8.x (Mountain Lion), Mac OS X 10.7.x (Lion), Mac OS X 10.6.x (Snow Leopard).


Anobano's Blog: George Keburia's New line "OMG wear"
George Keburia is 21 years old Georgian designer. He is a winner of young Georgian designer's contest TFW"Newcomer" 2010. He was named as a very creative designer. For now, he decided to create a new line, which would be different from his collections. This line is called as "OMG wear". Target group for this new line is young people. Collection is really very trendy and chic for this season. Prints, colors, style are proper for teenagers and the price is law, which gives them opportunity to wear Georgian designers outfit for a good price.
Now have a look of his new collection named as "OMG wear".


text:
Aspyr ships Civilization III: Complete
Macworld JAN 4, 2006 4:00 pm PST
Aspyr Media on Thursday announced that it is shipping Sid Meier's Civilization III: Complete, an updated version of the popular strategy game series. The game is rated E for Everyone by the ESRB and costs $49.99.
This classic strategy game puts you in the role of a civilization's leader, as you step your people through border expansion, the cultivation and conversion of food and raw materials into refined goods, uplift them through technological and social advancements, and take on diplomacy, trade and military action with (or against) your neighbors.
This is Civilization III's second tour on the Macintosh platform. The game was previously ported and published for the Mac by MacSoft. When the rights reverted to Take-Two Interactive Software, Aspyr Media licensed the game, ported it again and has now published it.
What's different about Aspyr's Civilization III: Complete is that it bundles two expansion packs: Conquests, which provides additional challenges and new game modes, and Play the World, a multiplayer expansion pack. Aspyr is publishing Civilization III: Complete in preparation of releasing a Macintosh version of Civilization IV in 2006.
System requirements call for Mac OS X v10.3.9 or later, G4/500MHz or faster, 256MB RAM, 2.0GB hard disk space, 1024 x 768 resolution and DVD drive. Internet multiplayer is limited to Mac to Mac only, via the GameRanger service.