If you are interested in starting a new society you should contact the Student Group Coordinator through dsu.engagement@durham.ac.uk, to talk through your idea.
It's not as hard as you may think, plus you'll receive help from Union staff throughout the process and after as a ratified group.
You should consult the list of existing student groups here to see if a similar society already exists - we are unable to accept duplicate groups.
Applications to register new societies are accepted throughout the year using this form.
- You should have determined the group's aims and objectives.
- You should contact any similar existing groups to discuss whether there would be any conflicts or concerns.
- You will need to have a president, treasurer and secretary.
- You should seek out other interested students to demonstrate support for the group.
Read the guidance provided and fully complete the new student group form (you will need a full Exec to proceed with your application).
Applications can be submitted at any time of the academic year, but the time taken for decisions to be made on them will vary depending on the date you submit your application. Please see the dates listed on the website.
Someone will get in touch if there is any information missing from your application.
Your completed application will be made public on the Students' Union website to provide an opportunity for students to comment. Comments will be directed to the Student Group Coordinator (SGC) – your personal details will not be shared publically.
Societies Committee will look at your application in the next meeting possible and either make a decision of ratification/rejection, or ask for further information.
You will be contacted to confirm the outcome of the Committee's discussion.
If your group is ratified you will be invited to an induction session, which you must attend in order to be eligible for a start-up grant.
Your society will also be added to the Students' Union website, and other support will be provided in order for you to get your society running.
Societies Committee meetings for the discussion of new society applications, will be set at the beginning of the academic year, subject to change if necessary.
simply get in touch with the Campaigns Coordinator via dsu.engagement@durham.ac.uk to discuss the process.


About Us | Meridian Concrete, Inc.
Gary Crosswhite started in the construction industry in the late 1970's in Reno, Nevada. His first jobs were building foundations and framing houses. Gary capitalized on this experience by earning his General Contractor's license in the early 1980's and began building homes with an investor/friend. For many years, Gary built his reputation and business building speculation and custom homes. His commitment to building each house as if it were his own and his attention to detail earned him the respect of both the construction community and his clients.
In 1997, Gary and his wife, Lynn, started a concrete subcontracting business. Gary's extensive experience with concrete foundations and flatwork enabled the business to grow and prosper. For the past fourteen years, they have assisted general contractors, developers, and homeowners in building hundreds of homes and commercial properties. Gary is also a Certified Green Builder and brings this additional knowledge to you.
In 2010, Meridian Concrete, Inc. was voted "Subcontractor of the Year" by the Builders Association of Northern Nevada at their annual BANN'er awards.
At Meridian Concrete, Inc., we care about your project as if it were our own. Gary's general contracting background enables him to see the "big picture" and understand all of the components of the building process. He is able to assist contractors and homeowners in designing and building in the most efficient and economical manner.


text:
Q: How to change the structure of a table if a variable is null I'm selecting a table from a stored procedure which returns different columns if one of my variables is null vs. when it isn't.  How do I declare a table differently based on one of my inputs?  The code below communicates what I'm trying to do, but I get an error that I'm declaring the table twice if I try to do it this way.
IF @Input IS NOT NULL BEGIN
DECLARE @tbl AS TABLE (
    Var1 FLOAT,
    Var2 DATETIME,
    VAR3 INt,
    ...
)
END
ELSE
DECLARE @tbl AS TABLE(
    Var1 INT,
    Var2 FLOAT,
    Var3 DATETIME,
    ...
)

A: Use two different table variables ... @stage  ,  @stage1 .

A: This is the only way I can think of to do what you're after, and it isn't friendly. You need to jump scope to declare the same variable table:
DECLARE @Input VARCHAR(5),@TableFields VARCHAR(1000)
SET @Input = NULL
BEGIN
IF @Input IS NOT NULL
 SET @TableFields = 'Var1 FLOAT,Var2 DATETIME,VAR3 INt'
ELSE
 SET @TableFields = 'Var1 INT,Var2 FLOAT,Var3 DATETIME'
EXEC ('DECLARE @tbl AS TABLE ('+@TableFields+')
      INSERT INTO @tbl VALUES (''1'','''','''')
      SELECT * FROM @tbl

    ')
END

Easier to use 2 table variables and point to each based on your IF logic, imo.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


The controllers are simple, with four directional buttons, a central buttons and one more back button. In terms of layout, the controllers are identical to Apple's IR remote. This design clearly lends itself more to trivia games than four-way shoot-em'ups.
The dock also supports regular video, so you can watch movies and YouTube on your big-screen TV, as well as photo slideshows and music. There is no launch date or price available yet, as the leak came a lot earlier than Griffin expected. That early-outing will have one advantage at least: now the developers know about it, there may even be a good game lineup at launch.


text:
News Online 8 Sep 2021
BOS requests a lift on online gambling restrictions in Sweden
By Isabella Aslam
The Swedish Trade Association for Online Gambling (BOS) has requested that the Government lifts the temporary restrictions for online casinos. The plea - by letter - asked for this to become effective from 29 September instead of the later date of 14 November.
The letter was sent after the Government held a press conference on 7 September announcing all general pandemic-related restrictions would be lifted from 29 September, therefore the pauses on online casinos should also.
Gustaf Hoffstedt, Secretary General, The Swedish Trade Association for Online Gambling, commented: "The main argument from the Government for the restrictions was a concern that increased time spent in the home during the pandemic would lead to increased gambling problems.
"That did not happen, it would turn out. Now that the Swedish Public Health Agency is also lifting the recommendation to work from home from 29 September, we believe that the Government should lift the temporary restrictions for online casinos on the same date in the name of consistency."
During the regulation period there has been no evidence or support that gambling problems linked to online casinos would have increased during the global pandemic, according to BOS. Studies show that the number of Swedish gaming consumers increased during the first phase in the coronavirus outbreak but the actual size of the average bets decreased.
With the Government's ambition to return Sweden to a normal situation, BOS has requested that it terminates the temporary restrictions on gambling regulation together with the termination of the general pandemic restrictions, thus both ending on 29 September.
TAGS: OnlineLegal & RegulatoryCasino

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
You are at:Home»News»4th Annual Los Angeles Greek Film Festival Announces 2010 Line-Up of Films
4th Annual Los Angeles Greek Film Festival Announces 2010 Line-Up of Films
By CWB News Department on	 05/12/2010 News
Los Angeles Greek Film Festival (LAGFF) has announced the 2010 line-up of films for its 4th annual Festival, which runs June 10 – 13 at the Egyptian Theatre in Hollywood. LAGFF is excited to present 7 feature films, 4 documentaries and 5 shorts, including 1 world premiere, 12 US premieres and 3 LA premieres during the 3-day Festival.
Opening night of the Festival is the US premiere of director Vardis Marinakis's BLACK FIELD (Mavro Livadi), starring Sofia Georgovassili. This 1650's based love story of Anthi, a young nun, and an Ottoman warrior, truly tests boundaries and delves into matters of identity, loss and restoration. This thought-provoking and visually stunning film reveals Anthi's real hidden secret.
LAGFF will present the LA Premiere of multi-festival winner DOGTOOTH (Kynodontas) directed by Yorgos Lanthimos and starring Christos Stergioglou, Michelle Valley, Aggeliki Papoulia, Mary Tsoni and Hirstos Passalis. The darkly comic fable is about three siblings who are confined to their parents sprawling estate. The parents are convinced that the best way to protect their children is to keep them cut off from the rest of the world. Testing these deceptive views and rules, the eldest daughter begins to unravel a series of events, which can tear apart their sterile ecosystem. DOGTOOTH will also be receiving a special prize for an achievement in filmmaking at this year's Orpheus Awards on Sunday, June 13.
The Festival comes to a close Sunday, June 13 with a Gala event and US premiere of PLATO'S ACADEMY (Akadimia Platonos), directed by Filipos Tsitos and starring Antonis Kafetzopoulos and Anastasis Kozdine. In this poignant, often comical story is a portrait of Greek attitudes to the immigrant influx in what used to be a homogeneous society. Immediately following the feature LAGFF will host its closing night Orpheus Awards ceremony and Gala with sumptuous Mediterranean food served by La Fogata, Metaxa bar serving tr aditional Greek cocktails and exquisite Grecian wines.
The 4th Annual Los Angeles Greek Film Festival (LAGFF) runs from June 10 – 13 at Egyptian Theatre, located at 6712 Hollywood Blvd in Hollywood, CA 90028. Screening Passes go on sale May 21. For more information please visit www.lagreekfilmfestival.org.
John S. Latsis, Greek Film Center and ELMA are among the sponsors of the festival.
CWB News Department


17 images tell the story of Legado Fellow Alum, Grant Bemis', time working with our field team in May and June as our Field Logistics Manager. Read and see more here.
In celebration of International Mountain Day, Ukalene Productions releases the official film trailer: Namuli. The community-backed film documents the spirit of exploration and what happens when a team of rock climbers, biologists, and conservationists sets off on an unconventional expedition into one of the world's least explored and most threatened habitats. The film follows an international crew as they push the bounds of friendship, climbing, and scientific research on the 2,000-foot granite face of Mozambique's second highest mountain, Mount Namuli.


text:
Prince Harry lands new job as a tech executive
in British Royal Family
Home British Royal Family
Prince Harry has officially arrived in California.
The Duke of Sussex has joined Silicon Valley startup BetterUp as its chief impact officer, the company told CNN Business on Tuesday. A spokesperson for Harry also confirmed the prince's new role.
BetterUp provides coaching and mental health services to clients. The company's website lists Harry as part of its leadership team, describing him as a "humanitarian, military veteran, mental wellness advocate, and environmentalist."
Harry joins the startup weeks after he and Meghan, Duchess of Sussex, gave a bombshell interview to Oprah Winfrey that detailed their decision to leave the United Kingdom and step back from senior roles in the British royal family. The couple, who are living in California, also addressed the strain that royal life had on their mental health.
The Wall Street Journal was first to report that Harry had joined the startup.
At BetterUp, Harry is expected to have input into product strategy decisions and charitable contributions, and advocate publicly on topics related to mental health, the newspaper reported. The newspaper said that BetterUp declined to comment on how much Harry would be paid.
"It's a meaningful and meaty role," CEO Alexi Robichaux told the Wall Street Journal.
The prince expanded on his reasons for joining BetterUp in a company blog post, saying he recognized a "shared passion" for helping people in Robichaux.
"What caught my attention about…
Prince Harry takes on new job as tech startup executive


A simple cheese sauce has so many uses! We use it for dipping tortilla chips, over broccoli, cauliflower or other vegetables, served over chimichanga's and enchiladas, even as a simple fondue for garlic bread cubes.
Now I'll upset some of the people that feel they need a strict recipe for anything and everything they ever make... because there isn't one. I've got some guidelines, but you must feel comfortable making changes to recipes based on the ingredients you have in your kitchen and your own families likes and dislikes. With something like a cheese sauce, you also need to make additions and subtractions based on what you are using it on. You would add chilies, salsa or onions to the cheese sauce if you were serving it with tortilla chips, but you would only add salt and pepper if you were using it over broccoli. See?
Now, the only reason I'm even putting a cheese sauce recipe on here is because I was surprised to see posts about it on recipe message boards. People really do have a hard time making this! They apparently end up with clumpy, stringy, greasy messes.
There are two (ok, there are more, but for my purposes we'll say two) ways to make a cheese sauce. One is going to use a 'white' base and one doesn't. I'm going to suggest you use the one that doesn't. Why? Because it's so easy and so good that my own kids have been making it since they were all about 9 or 10 years old.
Place the milk and butter in a saucepan over medium heat (not high!). Drop the cream cheese in by tablespoons or cubes and stir until it starts to melt. At this point add in at least one other kind of cheese, preferably 2-3. I tend to use about 3 oz. velveeta because it melts so smooth and thickens the sauce, I also tend to use about 2 slices of American and 1 cup shredded cheddar and or monterey jack.
Stir or whisk until smooth, do not let the bottom scorch. The heat can be turned to medium-low once the temperature is warm enough to melt the butter and cheese. Adjust the amount of milk to determine how thick or thin your sauce is. Add 1/4 cup if you need it thinner.
When you add a cheese sauce to vegetables, make it a little thick, as even the best drained vegetables still hold water and your sauce is going to be watered down just a little after it mixes with the veggies.
When using it for fondue for bread you will want it a little thin only because as it cools even a little it will thicken up.
Add 1/2 cup salsa, some chilies, tobasco sauce and/or onions or drained black beans for a tortilla dip.
Use as is on enchiladas, then serve with salsa and sour cream on the side to top.


text:
SWAT team leaves East Garfield Park home after domestic incident: police
Crime and Public Safety
Sun-Times Media Wire
CHICAGO - A barricade situation in East Garfield Park has been deemed resolved after a woman who was thought to be a hostage told police officers she was ok.
Police first responded to reports of a domestic disturbance about 12:50 a.m. Thursday at the home in the 200 block of North California Avenue, Chicago police said. The SWAT team was called after hearing reports that there was an armed man inside who was refusing to let his girlfriend leave.
The SWAT team left the home about 4 a.m. after officers made contact with the woman through a window, police said. The woman reportedly told them that she was ok and uninjured.
No further information was immediately available.
Woman ordered to pay ex-boyfriend more than $150K for defaming him on Instagram, other sites
Missing 8-year-old from Parkway Gardens found safely


Always on the move? Or are you overwhelmed with the workload? A virtual assistant is your best option! Our virtual assistants are trained to help you with all the day-to-day tasks like; administration, invoicing, marketing, social media (marketing), customer service, problem solving, agenda management, etc. All you need is a (mobile) phone and a (mobile) internet connection to stay in contact with your personal virtual assistant. 24/7 assistance available.


Bring industrial, rustic charm to any space in your home with the Pinebrook Sofa Table. Made of distressed solid pine and pine veneers, the artistic Pinebrook adds an innovative approach to any space with its warm brown iron legs and rivet-edged accents. This beautifully crafted piece also features a bottom shelf that can be used to store reading materials as well as other everyday objects. The Pinebrook is bound to wear beautifully! This unique accent table is great alongside a sofa set, in an entryway, or wherever you need additional surface space in your living room.
Pinebrook Sofa Table is rated 5.0 out of 5 by 3.
Rated 5 out of 5 by DeviceMX from Looks AMAZING! We saw the TV console and the shelf in the store and thought it would look great in our home, but you never really know until it's actually IN your home. Now that it's here (we were told 1-2 weeks and got it in 1), the two items look amazing. Modern, yet rustic... Matches our decor perfectly. And they are definitely sturdy pieces of furniture. I have no fear of anything breaking.
Rated 5 out of 5 by HeidiJ from Love this tabel our whole living room is from furniture row and this coffee table is very sturdy yet stylish. Perfect with the end tables to match. Love it would recommend this table hands down.


Hossein Gorjizadeh Alinezhad Mr. * 1, Seyed Nader Seyed Reihani Dr.
Abstract- Optical Tweezers (OT) are powerful tools for understanding the physics of biological processes. This device can be used for force spectroscopy in the force range of femto-Newton to nano-Newton. In the most of the biological applications of OT for which, large forces are on demand cranking up the laser power would damage the sample. In such applications optimal trapping is very crucial. In this Paper we show that for a given bead size there would be an optimal numerical aperture for the focusing objective, which maximizes the trapping efficiency in the transvers direction. We also show that a polystyrene bead with a diameter of about 4 micrometer provides the largest transverse trapping efficiency. There is a very good compatibility between our theoretical and experimental results.


The most recent group of beneficiaries of the "Mano Amiga" program.
The Plaza Las Américas Foundation and the Plaza Del Caribe Foundation recently sponsored the fifth round of donations through the "Mano Amiga" program, benefitting 20 nonprofit organizations.
The "Mano Amiga" program is designed to contribute to Puerto Rico social improvement by supporting the efforts of nonprofit entities related to the foundations' priorities: Art and culture, education, environmental protection and social welfare.
In this edition of "Mano Amiga" program, nonprofits throughout the island received a combined $260,000. La Plaza Las Americas Foundation benefited 16 organizations, contributing some $200,000, while the Plaza Del Caribe Foundation supported four entities with some $60,000, the entities confirmed.
"For us in the foundation it is very important to support these organizations, so they can continue their work and positively impact our society," said Jaime Fonalledas, president of both foundations.
"It is these institutions, along with many unsung heroes, which allow our society to continue going, through programs implemented for the benefit of the less fortunate," he said.
"For this edition, we received 76 applications and the selection process was very difficult because there are many good organizations providing excellent services," she said.
The beneficiary institutions were: United Way of Puerto Rico, Ponce Neighborhood Housing Services,; Ronald McDonald Children's Fund; Para la Naturaleza; Sociedad Pro-Hospital del Niño; Sila Calderón Foundation; Our Lady of Providence Home; Niños de Nueva Esperanza; ESCAPE; Fundación Hogar Niñito Jesús; American Cancer Society; Community Financial Advisors; Andanza; Pediatric Diabetes Center Foundation; CAP Foundation; Multisensory Reading Centers; Enterprize Events-Grupo Guayacán; Make-A-Wish Foundation; Casa Raquel; and the Center for Economic Renewal, Growth and Excellence Inc.
Although the Plaza Las Américas and Plaza Del Caribe Foundations have been active and contributing to Puerto Rico for years, through the "Mano Amiga" program, which was created in 2016, they have awarded grants to more than 61 nonprofit organizations and impacted more than 50,000 people throughout the island.
Organizations may submit their proposals twice a year. The next period for consideration runs March 1-31, 2019.
Hey Buddy!, I found this information for you: "20 P.R. nonprofits split 0K from the 'Mano Amiga' program". Here is the website link: https://newsismybusiness.com/nonprofits-split-program/. Thank you.


text:
Basic Things You Should Know Before Applying to Australian Universities
International students looking to apply to study abroad in Australia should note that the application process for Australian universities is different from that of other international institutions.
Australia has a unique education system and application process. It also has an independent public university system which means there are fewer similarities than with other study destinations such as Canada, the USA, and the UK whose higher education establishments are mostly university systems.
Australian universities have different entry requirements for international students compared with their Australian counterparts. They are more demanding, especially in the key areas of English language proficiency and academic results. Most courses require a score of 6 in IELTS or equivalent to be considered for admission.
Prospective students should be aware of the following before applying to Australian universities:
English language requirement for admission into a university is higher than in other countries. Applicants will need a score of 6 or more in IELTS with a minimum of 5 in writing and 5 in speaking and listening. This can be costly as many students require additional English courses to meet this standard.
Australian universities have a unique course system, meaning the academic qualifications of an applicant from another country may not be considered comparable to its Australian counterpart. For example, a bachelor's degree from India would not be seen as being on par with a bachelor's degree from Australia, or other countries such as Canada and UK. In addition, many Australian universities have limited places for international students.
The unique scholarship system in Australia requires prospective students to research available opportunities before approaching the University of their choice. Also, there are fewer scholarships available compared with other countries such as the USA and the UK.
The international student experience is different from that of domestic students as there is no support network from family and friends, as well as other students studying at universities. The full academic demands on international students may mean that they have less time to engage in social activities compared with domestic university students.
Courses offered by Australian universities are different from those available at a university back home. Selection of courses is not done via a centralized university portal.
Australian universities have a different application process with fewer options for students to choose from compared with other countries, due to its independent public university system. For example, applying directly to the University of Sydney will only offer admission into specific courses where there are limited places available. Applicants are advised to apply through Universities Admissions Centre (UAC), an independent organization that is the central body for all undergraduate applications to public universities across Australia with a few exceptions.
Australian universities have strict academic standards which vary from course to course and institution to institution. In addition, there may be fewer opportunities for credit transfer due to its unique courses system.
Different fees structure compared with international universities. Most courses have a higher cost of education per student, although there are some exceptions.
The academic year in Australia is divided into two semesters – semester 1 from March to June, and semester 2 from July to November split by a break in between. Students will then have the long summer holiday from December to February.
The course structure and timing of semesters are different for international students compared with Australian students. Most courses are year-long and start in March (semester 1), although some disciplines may run from January to December. For example, medicine takes four years to complete instead of three years which international students are used to.
Students will also be required to attend summer school for some subjects, which is an additional cost on top of the course fee.
A new academic year starts in March and a new student intake does not begin until mid-year, due to the lack of available places at universities during the September semester. As such, international students who arrive in Australia during August to September face a difficult period finding suitable accommodation.
The student visa application process for international students is long and complicated, requiring students to apply months in advance of their desired course start date. The student visa has specific conditions including the requirement to maintain sufficient funds, the purpose of stay and return travel plans, as well as applying for different visas such as a student visa (subclass 500), dependent spouse visa (subclass 820), or guardian visa (subclass 576). It is best to apply for a student visa around 9 months before the course start date.
Australia's immigration laws are strict and it may be difficult for international students to change their immigration status if they decide to study a different course or university.
International students may be required to undertake a health screening and provide evidence of compulsory private health insurance cover before their student visa can be approved, at an extra cost. Students should also take into account the medical expenses that might occur while traveling in Australia.
Public transportation in university cities is not common and international students are recommended to apply for an international student ID card (ISIC) before arrival in Australia. Renting a car or getting a driver's license can be quite costly, depending on the type of vehicle and registration fees. For students who plan to visit family and friends during their holidays, the cost of traveling long distances may be more expensive than home.
Electricity in Australia is different from most countries. Although there are some similarities between residential electricity providers, every household has its supplier and pricing structure which can differ significantly. For example, some houses face higher charges for peak usage periods while others have a daily supply charge. Australia uses different plugs and sockets compared to some countries, although this is common in many parts of the world.
To discuss more ins and outs of studying in Australia, talk to us now!
0 responses on "Basic Things You Should Know Before Applying to Australian Universities"


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Labored in Papyrus Leaves: Perspectives on an Epigram Collection Attributed to Posidippus (P.Mil.Vogl. VIII 309)
Citation: Acosta-Hughes, Benjamin, Elizabeth Kosmetatou, and Manuel Baumbach, eds. 2004. Labored in Papyrus Leaves: Perspectives on an Epigram Collection Attributed to Posidippus (P.Mil.Vogl. VIII 309). Hellenic Studies Series 2. Washington, DC: Center for Hellenic Studies. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:hul.ebook:CHS_AcostaHughesB_etal_eds.Labored_in_Papyrus_Leaves.2004.
Preface. Gregory Nagy
1. Susan Stephens and Dirk Obbink, The Manuscript: Posidippus on Papyrus
2. Dirk Obbink, Posidippus On Papyri Then and Now
3. David Sider, Posidippus Old and New
4. Benjamin Acosta-Hughes, Alexandrian Posidippus: On Rereading the GP Epigrams in Light of P.Mil.Vogl. VIII 309
5. Gregory Nagy, Homeric Echoes in Posidippus
6. Alexander Sens, Doricisms in the New and Old Posidippus
7. Kathryn Gutzwiller, A New Hellenistic Poetry Book: P.Mil.Vogl. VIII 309
8. Richard Hunter, Notes on the Lithika of Posidippus
9. Martyn Smith, Elusive Stones: Reading Posidippus' Lithika through Technical Writing on Stones
10. David Schur, A Garland of Stones: Hellenistic Lithika as Reflections on Poetic Transformation
11. Manuel Baumbach, 'Winged Words': Poetry and Divination in Posidippus' Oiônoskopika
12. Susan Stephens, For You, Arsinoe …
13. Beate Dignas, Posidippus and the Mysteries: Epitymbia Read by the Ancient Historian
14. Elizabeth Kosmetatou, Vision and Visibility: Art Historical Theory Paints a Portrait of New Leadership in Posidippus' Andriantopoiika
15. Marco Fantuzzi, The Structure of the Hippika in P.Mil.Vogl. VIII 309
16. Elizabeth Kosmetatou, Constructing Legitimacy: The Ptolemaic Familiengruppe as a Means of Self-Definition in Posidippus' Hippika
17. Nassos Papalexandrou, Reading as Seeing: P.Mil.Vogl. VIII 309 and Greek Art
18. Richard F. Thomas, "Drownded in the Tide": The Nauagika and Some "Problems" in Augustan Poetry
19. Peter Bing, Posidippus' Iamatika
20. Dirk Obbink, 'Tropoi' (Posidippus AB 102–103)
Afterword. Gail Hoffman, An Archaeologist's Perspective on the Milan Papyrus (P.Mil.Vogl. VIII 309)
15. The Structure of the Hippika in P.Mil.Vogl. VIII 309
Marco Fantuzzi, University of Macerata and Graduate School of Greek and Latin Philology of the University of Florence
In their introduction to the editio princeps, Bastianini and Gallazzi already noted the complexity of artistic structuring in the Hippika section of the new Milan papyrus (AB 71–88). Their discussion is part of their valuable analysis of the poetry book's "artistic intentions," the establishment of criteria on which epigrams were grouped together within different sections. [1] In the Hippika, the editors discern a bipartite structure; in their view, individual epigrams are arranged in two distinct groups comprising twelve and six poems respectively (AB 71–82 and AB 83–88). [2] They perceive the poems dedicated to Ptolemaic queens as marking the conclusions of each group. [3] Their observations on the contents of each group led them to take a skeptical stance on the presence of underlying reasons and aims for the organization of the Hippika, and to doubt even whether there was an intentional organic/ artistic arrangement of the whole. Specifically, they conclude:
Le ragioni per cui i testi sono così suddivisi non sono evidenti, tanto più che i due raggruppamenti mostrano una struttura analoga. Gli epigrammi furono forse attinti da due raccolte differenti e non furono coordinati insieme? [4]
The main problem involved in Bastianini and Gallazzi's hypothesis is the lack in unity of the epigrams on the royal victories. Seven of the Hippika celebrate Ptolemaic victories: five of them name (often together with other Ptolemies) a queen Berenice who may be identified with Berenice II or, as D. J. Thompson has convincingly argued, with Berenice the Syrian (AB 78–82), while the last two epigrams mainly focus on Berenice I (AB 87–88). [5] Royal victors are the common denominator here, and above all, as we shall see, the epigrams in question are in many ways different from the rest whose laudandi are non-royals. This is also very different from the Anathematika, where the four epigrams involving Arsinoe (AB 36–39) are set at the beginning of the section. One wonders then why the royal epigrams are not gathered together, but rather are divided into two clusters, one placed at about the middle of the Hippika, the other at its end. Are we to follow Bastianini and Gallazzi's suggestion that the arrangement of the Hippika in two mixed groups, each one including epigrams for non-royal and for royal victors, derives from the existence of two separate, earlier collections? My article aims at proposing a different solution for the structure of this section, and at suggesting a specific principle for this arrangement which, if correct, would serve highly artistic purposes.
Let us first consider the possibility that the distinction between non-royal and royal victors is the main criterion for the arrangement of the Hippika. If this is the case, we may distinguish four groups of texts: AB 71–77, AB 78–82, AB 83–86, and AB 87–88.
According to my hypothesis, the Hippika would be headed by a first group comprising seven epigrams. The first six honor victors in the κέλης event ('steed-races'; 1–3, 6) and in the chariot-races (4–5), but all place a strong emphasis on horses at least as much as on their owners. Indeed, in most cases the horses are κέλητες, which were traditionally accorded a protagonistic role in equestrian victories. [6] But also in the case of the two victories in four-horse chariots (AB 74 and 75) the main focus is on the horses: they are the real protagonists of the first three out of four lines in AB 75, and the real victor/protagonist in the competition commemorated by the epigram AB 74 is the right horse that shows extraordinary intelligence. The special attention on horses in the first six epigrams of the Hippika may also have led the anthologist (perhaps Posidippus himself, if all the texts of the P.Mil.Vogl. VIII 309 are by Posidippus), to place epigram AB 71 strategically first because of its strong parallelism between the victory of the owner and the "personal" victory of his horse. Emphasis in this perspective is placed on both distichs by the use of rather heavy pleonasm through repetition:
οὗτοϲ ὁ μουνοκέληϲ Αἴθω̣ν ἐμὸϲ ἵ̣[πποϲ ἐνίκα
κἀγὼ τὴν αὐτὴν Πυθιάδα ϲτ̣[άδιον·
δὶϲ δ᾿ ἀνεκηρύχθην Ἱππόϲτρ[ατοϲ] ἀ̣θλοφ̣[όροϲ τ᾿] ἦ̣ν
ἵπποϲ ὁμοῦ κἀγώ, πότνια Θεϲϲαλία.
This, my single horse, Aithon, [won victory]
and I was crowned at the same Pythian Games;
twice was I, Hippostratos, heralded victor,
my horse, as well as I, Lady Thessaly. [7]
Both the emphasis on the victorious horse in the κέλης-race and the position of a κέλης-epinician in the beginning of a section on equestrian victories are also well paralleled in the collection of Pindar's Epinicians. Indeed, according to the schol. Pind. I, p. 7.14f. Drachmann, the first Olympian Ode, composed in commemoration of the Syracusan tyrant Hieron's victory in single-horse racing (476 BCE), occupies the first position in the Epinicians tout court, at least from the time when Pindar's corpus was edited by Aristophanes of Byzantium (since Aristophanes lived between 265/257 and 190/180, the chronology of his akme fits the age the anthology of P.Mil.Vogl. was presumably compiled: see below n. 28). Interestingly, it also constitutes the only epinician for a victory with the κέλης to be found in Pindar and is followed by five Olympian odes for winners with the horse- or mule-chariot, and so violates the criterion of importance of the agonistic specialty, which appears to have orientated Aristophanes' arrangement of Pindar's epinician poems (chariot-races are elsewhere more important), in order to feature the presence in O. I of the paradigm of Pelops, who had been the first Olympian winner (cf. schol. Pind. I, p.7.16f. Drachmann). Furthermore, Pindar's ode places the horse Pherenicus as protagonist in a manner that prefigures the first of the Hippika of P.Mil.Vogl. VIII 309: the courser is said by Pindar to have 'joined' his owner Hieron of Syracuse in his triumph (lines 20–22):
… παρ᾿ Ἀλφεῷ σύτο δέμας
ἀκέντητον ἐν δρόμοισι παρέχων,
κράτει δὲ προσέμειξε δεσπόταν.
… he sped beside the Alpheos,
giving his limbs ungoaded in the race,
and joined to victorious power his master. [8]
In commemorating the same Olympic victory by the same horse and owner, Bacchylides also highlighted the achievement of Hieron's κέλης (5.183–186):
πο]σσὶ νικάσας δρόμῳ
ἦλθ]εν Φερένικος <ἐς> εὐπύργους Συρακόσ-
σας Ἱέρωνι φέρων
εὐδ]αιμονίας πέταλον.
Pherenicus sped to victory in the race
and so returned to well-towered
Syracuse bringing Hieron
the leaves of good fortune. [9]
Also the very few inscriptions that have survived, or are quoted by ancient authors, commemorating victories with a κέλης, strongly suggest that this emphasis was traditional at least as early as the Archaic period. This protagonistic role of the animal in the victory was possibly motivated by the fact that actual commemorative monuments often displayed the horse itself. An epigram from the Greek Anthology, attributed to Anacreon, presumably refers to the dedication of the sculpture of such a κέλης which won victory for the Corinthian Phidolas in the late sixth century BCE (AP VI 135, FGE 502 f.): [10]
οὗτος Φειδόλα ἵππος ἀπ᾿ εὐρυχόροιο Κορίνθου
ἄγκειται Κρονίδᾳ μνᾶμα ποδῶν ἀρετᾶς.
The horse of Phidolas from spacious Corinth
is dedicated to Zeus in memory of the might of its legs. [11]
Pausanias describes this monument's dedication in detail, offering additional information on victories in the same event scored by the horse belonging to Phidolas' sons. He also quotes an epigram that was associated with their own votive and focused all the same on the horse as protagonist. [12]
ὠκυδρόμας Λύκος Ἴσθμι᾿ ἅπαξ, δύο ἐνθάδε νίκαις
Φειδόλα παίδων ἐστεφάνωσε δόμους.
The swift Lycus by one victory at the Isthmus and two here
crowned the house of the sons of Pheidolas. [13]
The victorious owner of a four-horse chariot dominates only the seventh of the Hippika (AB 77), where his personal οὐκ ὁλίγα δαπάνα is stressed, as well as his concern about his own δόξα:
ἅρμ̣[ατι ±11 ]. τε̣λέωι τ̣ρὶϲ Ὀ̣[λύμ]π̣ι̣α νικῶ
Εὐ.[ ±13 ο]ὐ̣κ ὀλ̣ί̣γαι̣ δαπ̣[άνα]ι.
[ ±15 ] κομιδᾶϲ .[…..].[
ε̣ἴ γ᾿ ἀ̣[ρ]κ̣ε̣ῖ δόξαι, λείπ̣ε̣ται οὐ[δ]ὲν ἐμοί.
With the full chariot I won three times in the Olympic games
… not inconsiderable cost (?)
… supplies (?) …
though suffices for fame, I am left with nothing. [14]
I suggest that this last epigram in the first section of the Hippika (AB 83), which is dedicated to non-royal winners, may owe its final position to its separate emphasis on the figure of the chariot's owner, rather than the horse's. This feature may have led the (author?-)anthologist of the epigrams of the P.Mil.Vogl. to isolate the poem at the end of this first cluster of the Hippika. [15] We observe the same editorial stratagem in the case of two epigrams for deceased men (AB 60–61) at the end of the section of the ἐπιτύμβια, a section that primarily features dead women.
After all the epigram AB 77 of the Hippika, with its stress on the specifics of the δόξα that is garnered by victory in chariot-racing, marks perfectly the transition from the first to the second cluster, consisting of five epigrams which are dedicated to queen Berenice II (or Berenice of Syria), and to her ancestors, and are characterized by a strong emphasis on the royal owners of the victorious chariots. [16] It seems that there was some kind of historically attested hierarchy of relevance between victories in the κέλης events on the one hand and in chariot-racing on the other. Apart from Aristophanes' opinion, cited above, Pindar had already declared that among the equestrian victories success with the chariot is 'sweeter' (γλυκυτέρα) than with the κέλης. [17] The anthologist (or the author at the moment he was the anthologist of his own work) may have liked to pave the way for epigrams celebrating royal δόξα gained in chariot victories by accurately defining the implications of this glory in his last epigrams dealing with non-royal winners (AB 77). Indeed, if the reading provided by the editors for the problematic last line of this epigram is correct (AB 77.4: ε̣ἴ γ̣᾿ ἀ̣[ρ]κ̣ε̣ῖ δόξαι, λείπεται οὐ[δ]ὲν ἐμοί), it follows then that the poet adheres to the idea that δόξα—this word at least is sure—is gained through chariot victories as a consequence of the heavy (οὐκ ὀλίγαι) expenditures for the κομιδά (AB 77.3, = ἱπποτροφία), proved by the fact that the winner "is left with no revenue." [18] Assuming that also the reading δ̣ό̣ξ̣[α at the end of what we can read of AB 78.2 in the first royal epigram is correct, the explicit statement of the non-royal winner of AB 77 on the relevance of glory coming from success in chariot-racing would anticipate the idea that could be taken for granted for the monarchs without further remarks in AB 78.2 (μοι δ̣ό̣ξ̣[α παλαιόγονοϲ], 'my renown is of ancient origin').
This idea would have found full support in contemporary mentality, as exemplified in a famous speech of Thucydides' Alcibiades. In the spring of 415 BCE, during a discussion on the Sicilian expedition at the Athenian Assembly, the Athenian general Nicias stood firmly against it, and Alcibiades spoke in favor of the proposed campaign. In attempting to strengthen his position in favor of war Alcibiades made the following statement on his authority based on his spectacular performance in the chariot-racing during the 416 BCE Olympic games:
καὶ προσήκει μοι μᾶλλον ἑτέρων, ὧ Ἀθηναῖοι, ἄρχειν … οἱ γὰρ Ἕλληνες καὶ ὑπὲρ δύναμιν μείζω ἡμῶν τὴν πόλιν ἐνόμισαν τῷ ἐμῷ διαπρεπεῖ τῆς Ὀλυμπίαζε θεωρίας, πρότερον ἐλπίζοντες αὐτὴν καταπεπολεμῆσθαι, διότι ἅρματα μὲν ἑπτὰ καθῆκα, ὅσα οὐδείς πω ἰδιώτης πρότερον, ἐνίκησα δὲ καὶ δεύτερος καὶ τέταρτος ἐγενόμην καὶ τἆλλα ἀξίως τῆς νίκης παρεσκευασάμην. νόμῳ μὲν γὰρ τιμὴ τὰ τοιαῦτα, ἐκ δὲ τοῦ δρωμένου καὶ δύναμις ἅμα ὑπονοεῖται.
It belongs to me more than to others, Athenians, to have command … For the Hellenes, who had previously hoped that our state had been exhausted by the war, conceived an idea of its greatness that even transcended its actual power, by reason of the magnificence of my display as sacred deputy at Olympia with which I represented it at the Olympic games, because I entered seven chariots, a number that no private citizen had ever entered before, and won the first prize, and the second and the fourth, and provided everything else in a style worthy of my victory. For by general custom such things do indeed mean honor (νόμῳ μὲν γὰρ τιμὴ τὰ τοιαῦτα) and from what is done men also infer power. [19]
(Thucydides VI 16.1–2)
Further, in his introduction to this speech, Thucydides reveals that in this passion for horse-breeding, among many others, Alcibiades had been wasting almost all his property, more or less in the same way as the winner of P.Mil.Vogl. AB 77, at least according to Gärtner's interpretation:
ὢν γὰρ ἐν ἀξιώματι ὑπὸ τῶν ἀστων, ταῖς ἐπιθυμίαις μείζοσιν ἢ κατὰ τὴν ὑπάρχουσαν οὐσίαν ἐχρῆτο ἔς τε τὰς ἱπποτροφίας καὶ τὰς ἄλλα δαπάνας.
he indulged desires beyond his actual means, in keeping horses as well as in other expenses. [20]
(Thucydides VI 15.3)
If the first seven epigrams of the Hippika correspond, as is suggested here, to a first cluster of texts, we may then observe an internal symmetrical structure in it as well. The section begins with three epigrams comprising four lines each. These are followed by one long central epigram of fourteen lines (AB 74) narrating the tale of an unusual, indeed paradoxographical, final judgment, with unusual descriptive quality, and consequently of unusual narrative length—an anomalous dimension which may also point out the great political relevance of the victor, Callicrates of Samos, the famous nauarch of the Ptolemies and first eponymous priest of the cult of the Theoi adelphoi, who also were the dedicatees of the bronze chariot erected by Callicrates to celebrate his victory (AB 74.12–14). [21] The first cluster is rounded-up by three further epigrams each four lines long. The symmetry here described is of course artistically refined and self-explanatory in itself, but it also finds another parallel within the Milan papyrus. Indeed it seems to be mirroring the structure of the ἐπιτύμβια, where, in a series of seven epigrams for deceased maidens (AB 49–55), the fourth (AB 52) stands out from the beginning and the last ones because of its peculiar content: the girl on whom the epigram concentrates is not dead, but the deceased is her father, whose tomb beside his sundial she guards faithfully.
According to my interpretation of the structure of the Hippika, a second cluster of five epigrams follows the first one, and this is dominated by the chariot-victor Berenice, to be identified (see above n5) either with Berenice II Euergetis or Berenice the Syrian (AB 78–82). The third cluster consists of four epigrams honoring non-royal winners in the κέλης event (AB 83–86). Once again, as in the first group of epigrams, the epigrams of the third group place the main emphasis on racing horses, mirroring in size the first three and the last three of the seven epigrams in total of the first cluster: each epigram is four lines long. The third cluster of epigrams would separate the previous five epigrams in honor of Berenice (Euergetis or the Syrian) and other Ptolemies from the two epigrams which conclude the Hippika and make up the last (fourth) small group of texts: of these the first one (AB 87) as a whole honors Berenice I, while the second one at least ends by commemorating her victory (AB 88).
Of course, the structure that I have suggested above presupposes the awareness by the author of the epigrams of a distinction between the courtly voice of the epinician/encomistic poet celebrating Ptolemaic queens and kings on the one hand, and the purely epinician voice of the singer of the victories of all other, non-royal, victors on the other. If poet and anthologist are not the same, [22] the latter managed to catch the courtly tone of the epigrams commemorating victories of kings and queens remarkably well, distinguishing it from the voice of the celebrator of other equestrian victors.
I suggest that this distinction, which mainly deals with the orientation in the advertisement of kydos, is especially obvious in the first and last of the royal Hippika (AB 78 and AB 88). In the Hippika epigrams which praise non-royal victors, the protagonists, namely the human victors themselves and their horses, are celebrated for their own single, or iterated, exploits. In this context, the text of each epigram fulfills the task of establishing and recording their own kydos. On the other hand, AB 78, in which queen Berenice (Euergetis or the Syrian) seems to speak in her own voice [23] , the glory (κλέος) the poets are invited to sing is deemed as already well-known (γνωστά: AB 78.2). Additionally, the name of the victor in this, as well as in the last of the Hippika (AB 88), comes only in the penultimate line. This choice of emphasis by the poet is probably due to the fact that the victories of individual kings and queens appear to have become a point of departure for the celebration of the super-individual equestrian glory encompassing the entire dynasty—a glory which had to be seen as proof for the continuous presence of divine favor and of dynastic "identity" which the Ptolemies liked to show perpetuated in their lives. [24] This practice precisely mirrors the presentation of Berenice II in the Victoria Berenices by Callimachus (SH 254), where the queen does not appear to have been explicitly mentioned by name, but is just introduced with the patronymic designation κασιγνήτων ἱερὸν αἷμα θεῶν, which on one side certainly pays a reverent homage to the official title of the reigning Ptolemaic couple [25] , but on the other stresses the belonging of the un-named Berenice (here not individualized) to the dynasty in which every reigning couple usually had the title. However a special and individual emphasis was accorded at least to the victory of Berenice I, since it was she who started the long-lasting line of female victors, which functioned as another special family-record testifying to Ptolemaic gift in equestrian victories. [26]
My idea of the arrangement of the Hippika involves an interpretative key that explains the inclusion of a cluster of epigrams (the third) in honor of non-royal victors between the epigrams mainly centered on Berenice (Euergetis or the Syrian), located in the middle of the section, and the epigrams focused on Berenice I at the end. In arranging this collection, its anthologist may have broadly adopted as template a structure also found in Callimachus' Aetia, another collection of apparently unrelated pieces on different aetia within a very thin narrative frame of the dialogue with the Muses (in the first two books), or no frame at all (as it appears to be the case in the last two), where the coherence of the encomiastic voice of the author celebrating Ptolemaic queens at the middle and at the end of the work could be especially characterized and identifiable inside the work. [27] Of course, I am not referring to a numerically or qualitatively precise attempt at miniaturization. I simply suggest that the author of the epigrams when editing them, or their anthologist, may have tried to mimic the alternation of poetic voices found in the Aetia, namely Callimachus' mixing of courtly and non-courtly voices, through the same kind of alternation: the Aetia would actually have instantiated the idea that to celebrate the glory of the kings at the middle and at the end is a better and more effective homage than to concentrate the celebration in a single point of the work. In the Hippika this alternation results not only in juxtaposing unrelated non-royal protagonists—the owners of the κέλητες together with their horses—versus the well-known, coherent, and dominating figures of two queens and of other royal members of the Ptolemaic dynasty, but also in refraining from gathering in the same position all the epigrams to honor victories of kings and queens.
If the supposition proposed above is correct, the beginning, fairly long series of Hippika discussing disparate non-royal winners would 'correspond' to the first two books of the Aetia. In both sections neither the epigrammist's nor Callimachus' voices as courtly encomiasts are heard or anticipated. However, at about the middle of the Hippika occurs a cluster of coherent epigrams commemorating victories by Ptolemaic queens and kings: this 'corresponds' to Callimachus' long poem on the equestrian victory of Berenice II, the Victoria Berenices, which Callimachus placed at the beginning of his third book, namely in the middle of the Aetia. Turning back to P.Mil.Vogl. VIII 309, the sequence of four more epigrams commemorating further non-royal winners in the κέλης event would aim at re-establishing the alternative kind of emphasis on the κέλητες, which can be found in the first epigrams of the Hippika: this third section would then 'correspond' to the non-courtly aetiological tales of the third and fourth books of the Aetia, that separated the "Victory" of Berenice II from the "Lock" of Berenice II. Only at the end of the series of the Hippika would the anthologist of the epigrams (or maybe the author-anthologist of his own work) have reproposed again the courtly voice and focused on royal victors. This 'second installment' of the courtly voice would find its parallel in the divinization of the plokamos of Berenice II sung by Callimachus at the end of the fourth book of his Aetia. [28]
Especially the penultimate epigram of the Hippika (AB 80), namely the first of the couple of texts which mainly aim at the commemoration of the greatness of the equestrian success of Berenice I, may have been proposed by the (author?-)anthologist as a parallel to the Plokamos of Berenice II. It is possible that after a first reading of the entire Hippika a learned reader would hear in this collection of epigrams the echo of alternating voices and topics which had featured in the Aetia (Ptolemaic queens versus non-royal, disparate characters/disparate aetia not connected to the Ptolemaic family) [29] : if the memory of this template was activated in the readers' minds, it is very tempting to suggest that the form of presentation of AB 87—the epigram adopts the persona loquens of the statuary group of the horses who won the victory for Berenice I and takes the form of a flashback recollection—might sound like (though not necessarily conceived by the author to be) a distant echo of the persona loquens of the Callimachean πλόκαμος. More specifically, the wishful thinking of the πλόκαμος remembering its past life on the head of the queen might be read underlying the beginning ἵπ[ποι] ἔθ᾿ ἁμὲϲ ἐοῦϲαι of AB 87. In the same way that the πλόκαμος wished to provide the queen with a memorial equivalent to Ariadne's corona in heaven (cf. Cat. 66.59–62), the statuary horses would remember the precise moment when they won the στέφανος for Berenice (AB 87.2), and the fact that they are "speaking" again and again through the voices of the readers of their inscription (or anyway of their epigram), re-enacts that moment eternally, thereby "crowns" Berenice for ever. [30] Last but not least, in the same way that the protagonists of the epigram on the victory of Berenice are horses, the πλόκαμος was said to have been carried to the sky by the wind Zephyros, and in an expression that is unclear and has provoked much scholarly debate, this wind is once metaphorically described as "the horse of Arsinoe" (Callim. fr. 110.53–5; cf. Cat. 66.52–54.). [31]
After all, the possibility of paralleling in some way the Lock of Berenice with an equestrian courtly epinician may not have occurred only to Callimachus alone as editor, when he sought a model for his new edition of the Aetia, or to the anthologist of the Hippika of the P.Mil.Vogl. It likely took place elsewhere at least once: in P.Oxy. 2258, which apparently preserves an annotated anthology of Callimachus' poems, the Coma Berenices, here not in the role of epilogue that it plays in the Aetia, is immediately followed by an equestrian epinician in honor of Sosibios. [32] Furthermore, Callimachus' placement of an encomiastic piece for Berenice II both in the middle of the Aetia, at the beginning of the third book, and at the end of another eulogy, most probably attracted the attention of another author, Virgil, who in his Georgics appears to have placed two passages in honor of the military successes of Octavian at exactly the same position, namely at the beginning of the third of a four-books work, and shortly at the end (III 1–48 and IV 559–566). [33] In contrast to the first Ptolemies, Octavian could be proud of a properly military kydos, which of course was a more traditional and impressive path to glory than equestrian success.
[ back ] 1. BG: 24–27.
[ back ] 2. This bipartite structure of the Hippika is also accepted by Bernardini-Bravi 2002:154.
[ back ] 3. BG: 197.
[ back ] 4. BG: 26.
[ back ] 5. Bastianini and Gallazzi identified Berenice quoted at AB 78.13, AB 79.1, and 82.1 with Berenice II, the daughter of Magas of Cyrene and wife of Ptolemy III, whose Nemean victory in a chariot race was celebrated by Callimachus (SH 254–69). Thompson (forthcoming) argues, persuasively in my opinion, that this Berenice should be identified with Berenice the Syrian, daughter of Ptolemy II and Arsinoe I, and sister of Ptolemy III. Married to Antiochus II after the Second Syrian War, she was killed along with her son by Antiochus immediately after her husband's death in 246 BCE by Laodice, Antiochus' former wife.
[ back ] 6. Some evidence is collected by Bernardini-Bravi 2002:155.
[ back ] 7. Translation by B. Acosta-Hughes and E. Kosmetatou.
[ back ] 8. Translation by W. H. Race.
[ back ] 9. Translation by D. A. Campbell.
[ back ] 10. Cf. Ebert 1972:46–48, no.6.
[ back ] 11. Translation by W. R. Paton.
[ back ] 12. Pausanias VI 13.9–10; Ebert 1972:48–49, no.7. On Pausanias' interests in epigraphy and his relia-bility in transmitting inscribed texts, especially in Books Five and Six, cf. Tzifopoulos 1991:1–23. A victory in chariot-racing was further commemorated by a similar inscription carved on a monument at Delphi which dates to the mid-fourth century BCE (Moretti 1953:65–66, no.27; Ebert 1972:136–137, no.42):
εἰκόνες αἵδ᾿ ἵππ̣[ων], α̣ἳ Πύθια [ποσσὶν ἐνίκων]
Ἰσθμοῖ τε στεφ[άνοις] Κ̣αλλιά[δην πύκασαν]
σκηπτροφόρ[ᾷ τε Διὸς π]ατρὸς [ἄροντ᾿ ἄεθλον].
These are the images of the horses which won the Pythia by their feet
and covered Calliades at the Isthmus thick with crowns
carrying off the prize of the sceptre-bearing Father Zeus.
(Translated by E. Kosmetatou)
[ back ] 13. Translation by W. H. S. Jones.
[ back ] 14. Translation by M. Fantuzzi.
[ back ] 15. As acknowledged by BG:26.
[ back ] 16. It is of course impossible to restore AB 81 with certainty, but it is logical to assume that it, too, dealt with the queen, since it is placed in her section, so to speak: cf. BG:210. As for AB 80, the final ἐπὶ παιδὶ μόνῃ, when compared to παῖδα (AB 82.4) and μόνη βασιλίς (82.6) as references to Berenice I (or the Syrian), lead us to deduce that the epigram deals with the same queen. Cf. Thompson (forthcoming).
[ back ] 17. At the end of the first Olympian ode, which was dedicated to the third victory of Hieron with the κέλης at the Olympic Games of 476 BCE, Pindar anticipates the victory with the chariot which indeed took place in 468 with the words (1.106–111):
θεὸς ἐπίτροπος ἐὼν τεαῖσι μήδεται
ἔχων τοῦτο κᾶδος, Ἱέρων,
μερίμναισιν· εἰ δὲ μὴ ταχὺ λίποι.
ἔτι γλυκυτέραν κεν ἔλπομαι
σὺν ἅρματι θοῷ κλεΐ-
ξειν ἐπίκουρον εὑρὼν ὁδὸν λόγων, κτλ.
a god acting as guardian makes this his concern: to devise means, Hieron, for your aspirations, and unless he should suddenly depart, I hope to celebrate an even sweeter success with a speeding chariot (my emphasis), having found a helpful road of words …
(Translation by W. H. Race)
Beyond this undoubted surface meaning, the reference to the chariot may also have been used metaphorically to imply the chariot of the Muses: "if Hieron wins with his chariot, Pindar hopes to be able to celebrate the victory with the aid of the Muses' chariot" (so Gerber 1982:165).
[ back ] 18. I agree with Gärtner 2002:32 that this is the correct interpretation of the second hemistich of AB 77.4.
[ back ] 19. Translation by C. F. Smith.
[ back ] 20. This parallelism between 77.4 and the passage of Thucydides has already been noted by Gärtner 2002:31. Euripides is credited by Plutarch (PMG 755) with the composition of an epinician in honor of Alcibiades' Olympic victory of 416. It, too, stresses the unprecedented nature of the Athenian general's participation and achievement in the games.
[ back ] 21. See Bing 2003: the author has been so kind as to allow me to see the text before publication; Bing points out well the anomaly of the fact that "it is not Callicrates who is the honorand of the dedication (though it doubtless does him honor, too), nor even the god of Delphi—though he is the poem's addressee with Φοῖβ᾿ ε v. 4—but rather the Theoi adelphoi." This dedication may actually have stood for another form of indirect celebration of the equestrian glory the Ptolemies appear to have established and advertised not only for themselves, but also for the members of their 'court' (lato sensu), like the court member of Ptolemy III and Ptolemy IV Sosibios (see Call. fr. 384) or the mistress of Ptolemy II Bilistiche (see FGrHist 257aF6). The intentionality of the gesture of Callicrates as an 'image-maker' would not surprise, if we consider the couple of statues erected by him to Ptolemy II and Arsinoe at Olympia in between the temple of Zeus and of Hera, most probably to parallel them with the couple of the supreme gods (and brother-sister): cf. Hintzen-Bohlen 1992.
[ back ] 22. See below n. 28.
[ back ] 23. Alternatively, the persona loquens may have been Ptolemy III (according to BG ad loc.) or Ptolemy II, the father of Berenice the Syrian, if Thompson's proposed identification is correct. Cf. Thompson (forthcoming).
[ back ] 24. I have recently stressed and expanded this point in a paper entitled "Posidippus in Court." Cf. Fantuzzi (forthcoming).
[ back ] 25. Cf. Fuhrer 1992:88–90.
[ back ] 26. In general on the significance of Berenice I in Ptolemaic dynastic propaganda, see Gutzwiller 1992:364–366. Cf. also Kosmetatou on Ptolemaic Familiengruppe in this volume.
[ back ] 27. Or, to express the issue in a more drastic way, with Parsons 1977:50: "Aetia I–II, and Aetia III–IV, form two distinct wholes, one united by the Muses, the other by Berenice."
[ back ] 28. According to BG:17 the roll of P.Mil.Vogl. VIII 309 more probably dates to the end of the third century than to the half of the same century or to the beginning of the second. The dedication of the plokamos by Berenike II and its disappearance, followed by Conon's interpretation of this event as a katasterismos, most probably took place at the end of 245 BCE, and Callimachus' poem could not have been composed a long time later. We do not know when Posidippus died, and cannot rule out that a poet who was most probably commissioned for the epigram on the Pharos of Alexandria and therefore must have been an established man of letters by 282-280 BCE (cf. Fernández Galiano 1987:13) was still alive (and anthologized his own work) forty or fifty years later. Anyway my interpretation of the structure of the Hippika is neither bound by the identification of the author of the Hippika as Posidippus, nor by the chronology of the author(s) of the epigrams in case he/they were not Posidippus. The only relevant issue for me is the chronology of the anthologist who arranged the collection of P.Mil.Vogl., and may have been both the author of the epigrams or a bright reader of his poetry: if the papyrus is of the last tenth of the third century, the anthologist may well have arranged the collection a few years before that date, under the impression of the structure which Callimachus had conceived for his own collection of aetia (+ the encomiastic pieces he had decided to include in the Aetia). Not very differently, as noted above in this paper, he may have placed the epigrams on victories in steed-racing at the beginning of the collection under the influence of Aristophanes' arrangement of Pindar's Olympian odes.
[ back ] 29. With the partial exception of the Callicrates of AB 74, on which see above n. 21.
[ back ] 30. Cf. Kurke 1993:141–149.
[ back ] 31. On this problematic identification of Zephyros, cf. Gutzwiller 1992:380f.; Koenen 1993:103–105, and the status quaestionis in Marinone 1997:151–157.
[ back ] 32. Cf. Parsons 1977:48; Gutzwiller 1992:382; Marinone 1997:41f.
[ back ] 33. The beginning apostrophe to Octavian (I 24–42) does not include any mention of his victories. A detailed analysis of the structure of Aetia III and IV as possible template for the arrangement of the eulogies of Octavian in Georgics III and IV is offered by Thomas 1983:92–113 (= Thomas 1999:68–100) and Thomas 1988:41 and 239.


Hmmm ! Sublimes !!!! Tes cartes retransmettent vraiment l'atmosphère de Sakura !!!! J'adooore !
Tes fleurs sont si bien peintes que j'ai cru qu'elles l'étaient naturellement avant de lire ton article!
These are GORGEOUS! LOVING those flowers!!!!!!!!!!
Oh my goodness--these are absolute winners, Alex! Can't stop staring at these incredibly beautiful cards! Perfect use of Washi--something I never seem to use!
Forgot to say--come visit me & you can see the row of cherry blossom trees on our street as they're just about to open!
quelle délicatesse dans tes cartes, j'adore !!
Superbes cartes ! délicates, raffinées, j'adore !
quelle jolie ambiance c'est magnifique!
Tes cartes sont ravissantes. Bises.
Jolies !!! Tes cartes sont toujours d'une grande élégance Alex !
Vraiment très belles ces cartes ! Ambiance printemps assurée.... merci pour le tuto : je retiens l'idée de la mise en couleurs "sur place " de la découpe !
I, too, would love to see the cherry blossoms in person but you have brought them to life here. Beautiful cards and I love the look the washi tape added.
Both cards are fresh as a daisy and oh so pretty. The delicacy of the cherry blossoms and the graphic washi are the perfect combo.
These are so beautiful. I don't have this particular die, but I am going to try this technique. Thanks for the inspiration.I hope you get to travel to Japan someday!
Love both of your CAS cards!Beautiful use of that die! BTW thanks for pointing us to visit Sedona and I finally got a chance to witness its beauty and the surrounding area!!
I love these cards, Alexandra. I must revisit my Washi Tape. I hope you one day are able to visit Japan.
Your cherry blossoms are beautiful, Alexandra! Love them on the white, and I love them on the kraft! Fun addition of Washi tape!
Such soft and lovely flowers! I'd love to see a few in real life right now. We had more snow again today!
J'ai la même palette d'aquarelle pas encore utilisée, je suis contente de voir qu'on peut faire de si jolies choses!
Oh ! Ces deux cartes sont superbes et si delicates grâce à ta subtile mise en couleurs à l'aquarelle.
ooooh, these are gorgeous, Alex! You absolutely nailed that sketch design! Love the washi tape and love your softly watercolored sakura blooms. And what a beautiful touch to do the two different versions... I absolutely love the white and kraft mixed together!


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Last edited by Digrel
6 edition of A History of Iraq found in the catalog.
A History of Iraq
by Charles Tripp
Published September 18, 2007 by Cambridge University Press .
Asian / Middle Eastern history: from c 1900 -,
International relations,
Political structure & processes,
History - General History,
History: World,
Iraq,
Middle East - General,
Political History,
History / Middle East,
ISBN 10 052170247X
Editorial Reviews 'John Robertson's magnificent Iraq: A History takes a truly long the first Sumerian cities over 5, years ago, via the great empires of Assyria, Babylonia and Abbasid Baghdad, to the modern Iraqi state, he shows how this complex past has always shaped, and been shaped by, contemporary political concerns.'Price: $ Middle East:: Iraq. Much of the sediment clouding the water in this image of the Persian Gulf is from the Shatt al Arab River, which enters the Gulf in the north along the Iran-Iraq border. The river drains the combined waters of the Euphrates and Tigris Rivers of Iraq, and the Karun River of Iran. Though other rivers empty into the Persian.
A History of Iraq: 3rd Edition Charles Tripp ISBN (cloth) ISBN (paper) Cambridge University Press, G. The Legal Dimensions of Oil and Gas in Iraq: Current Reality and Future Prospects Rex J. Zedalis ISBN (cloth) Cambridge University Press, S. Iraq's History: From British. Tripp's book traces Iraq's political history from its nineteenth-century roots in the Ottoman empire, to the development of the state, its transformation from monarchy to republic and the rise of the Ba'th party and the ascendancy and current rule of Saddam Husain. This is a story of social conflict, of power struggles between rival clans, of /5().
C. Tripp, A History of Iraq (Cambridge University Press, ) Nissim Rejwan, The Last Jews in Baghdad: Remembering a Lost Homeland (University of Texas Press, ) Naim Kattan, Farewell Babylon (Souvenir Press, )Australia: 20,+. Brief Overview of the History of Iraq The land of Iraq is often called the "Cradle of Civilization" because the oldest civilization in the world, the Sumerians, was formed here. The Sumerians invented writing and started the first recorded history. For over years the Sumerian civilization flourished in the Tigris-Euphrates river valley.
History report, operation cooperation
National Geographic Mount Everest
Composer Spotlight Series
Images of the word
Language And Travel Guide to Romania
When Daddy Picks Me Up
Voices.
First meeting of the Industrial Health Advisory Committee
dead girls
The kabbalistic culture of eighteenth-century Prague
Life and labours of the Rev. William Johnston, D. D., Belfast
Western Australian Fire Brigades Board
Communicating The Environment
Thompson geneology [sic]
See Ohio first
One Thousand Miles with the C.I.V.
Transformation of education policy
A History of Iraq by Charles Tripp Download PDF EPUB FB2
Book Description. To understand Iraq, Charles Tripp's history is the book to read. The updated book includes the recent American invasion, the fall of Saddam Hussein and the subsequent descent into civil strife.
Tripp argues that the history of Iraq throughout the twentieth century has shaped where it is by: A History of Iraq. To understand Iraq, Charles Tripp's history is the book to read. Since its first appearance init has become a classic in the field of Middle East studies, read and admired by students, soldiers, policymakers and journalists/5.
Book Description. To understand Iraq, Charles Tripp's history is the book to read. The updated book includes the recent American invasion, the fall of Saddam Hussein and the subsequent descent into civil strife. Tripp argues that the history of Iraq throughout the twentieth century has shaped where it is today/5(22).
Phebe Marr is considered one of the great Iraqi historians, and her book The Modern History of Iraq is one of the basic books to read to get an introduction to the country. It is laid out in chronological order going through the major time periods from the Ottomans up to the U.S.
invasion. Marr outlines the strengths and weaknesses of each by: A comprehensive guide to more than 6, years of history in Iraq. Covering topics ranging from the ancient Mesopotamian civilizations to the fall of Saddam Hussein and the war in Iraq, it examines the changing landscape of this country.
It focuses on the societies, peoples, and cultures of Iraq/5(8). Succinct, informative, and well-written. Abdullah's A Short History of Iraq is a good overview of Iraq's history and a must read for those seeking a general overview of the political and economic development of a nation that has spent its fair share of time in the news in recent years/5.
The Modern History of Iraq is a remarkably readable account of contemporary Iraq, placing in historical perspective the crises and upheavals that continue to afflict the country. Iraq: History From Grolier's The New Book of Knowledge This stone pillar originally stood in the town of Babylon.
It depicts Hammurabi, the 6th king of Babylonia. This fascinating book covers years of the history and culture of the Jews of Iraq, from when Ur of the Chaldess fell to Elamite invaders in BC to with the mass exodus of the Jews of Iraq back to their ancient homeland of Israel.
It is divided into three by: of over 2, results for Books: History: Middle East: Iraq Black Wave: Saudi Arabia, Iran, and the Forty-Year Rivalry That Unraveled Culture, Religion, and Collective Memory in. A History of Iraq Book Summary: This updated edition of Charles Tripp's A History of Iraq covers events sinceand looks at present-day developments right up to mid Since its establishment by the British in the s Iraq has witnessed the rise and fall of successive regimes, culminating in the dictatorship of Saddam Hussein.
Describes the history of Iraq, from its beginnings as the Sumarian civilization in Mesopotamia through the second Gulf War and the first free elections held in Iraq in early Writing The Modern History Of Iraq. The Iraqi democracy and civil rights campaigner says the Iran-Iraq war is one of the single largest unappreciated great events of modern Middle Eastern history.
He chooses the best books on Iraqi history. 1 The Shi'is of Iraq by Yitzhak Nakash 2 The Old Social Classes and the Revolutionary Movement in Iraq by Hanna Batatu. This updated edition of Charles Tripp's A History of Iraq covers events sinceand looks at present-day developments right up to mid Since its establishment by the British in the s Iraq has witnessed the rise and fall of successive regimes, culminating in the dictatorship of Saddam Hussein.
This is the only book of its kind on the history of the Left and workers' movements in Iraq. Whether standing up to British occupiers, the monarchy they installed or the brutal dictatorship of Saddam Hussein-who for many years was a friend and ally of the United States-the workers' movement and the Left in Iraq have a rich history of fighting for a more democratic society.3/5.
Next up is a book that provides very good background for what happened. The Old Social Classes and the Revolutionary Movements of Iraq is seen as a landmark study of Iraq's social formation during the 20th century.
Hanna Batatu was the great Iraqi historian – a man of perception and gigantic knowledge of the social, sectarian and ethnic background in Iraq. According to Muslim tradition, the corpse washer prepares the bodies of the dead for burial. The Shias and Sunnis both do it, and the differences in practice are.
In response to current events, Charles Tripp has updated his incisive book A History of Iraq to include developments as recent as mid Since its establishment by the British in the s, Iraq has witnessed the rise and fall of successive authoritarian regimes, competing ruthlessly for power and resources.
This struggle culminated in the dictatorship of Saddam Husain, who still maintains. Explore our list of Iraq - History Books at Barnes & Noble®. Receive FREE shipping with your Barnes & Noble Membership.
Due to COVID, orders may be delayed. Written for lay readers and students of the Middle East, The Modern History of Iraq, places in historical perspective the multiple crises and upheavals that afflict contemporary Iraq/5.
The Modern History of Iraq by Marr, Phebe. Publication date Topics Asian / Middle Eastern history: from c - Political structure & processes, 20th century, History: World, History - General History, Iraq, Middle East - General,History Internet Archive Books.
Scanned in : One of the great virtues of Tripp's book, by far the best and most serious history of Iraq to date, is that it captures so well not simply the consequences of this intricate interrelationship, but also the social and moral worlds in which it exists and thrives.
Resisting the simplistic, if fashionable fad of 'writing history from below', which.To understand Iraq, Charles Tripp's history is the book to read. Since its first appearance init has become a classic in the field of Middle East studies, read and admired by students, soldiers, policymakers and journalists.
The book is now updated to include the recent American invasion, the fall and capture of Saddam Hussein and the Cited by:
mpcs.online - A History of Iraq book © 2020


text:
A Horse and Two Goats Questions & Answers
July 28, 2021 August 7, 2020 by WittyChimp Team
Hi Everyone!! This article will share A Horse and Two Goats Questions & Answers.
In my previous posts, I have shared the questions and answers of Hearts And Hands and The Old Man at the Bridge so, you can check these posts as well.
Question 1: Give the meaning of the word' Kritam' in Tamil. Where did Muni live in the village?
Answer: Kritam in Tamil means 'coronet' or 'crown'. Muni along with his wife lived in one of the huts.
Question 2: Give a brief description of the village Kritam.
Answer: Kritam, meaning 'crown' or 'coronet' in Tamil, is one of the smallest of India's seven hundred thousand villages. It is a village that has fewer than thirty houses. Most of the houses are made of bamboo, thatch, straw and mud. The only sophisticated residence in the village is the Big House built from brick and cement.
Question 3: Describe the 'Big House'.
Answer: The Big House was the only sophisticated residence in the village made from brick and cement. It was painted in a brilliant yellow and blue colour. There were paintings of gods and gargoyles on several posts.
Question 4: How many sheep and goats did Muni have in his prosperous days. What happened to most of them later?
Answer: In his prosperous days, Muni had a flock of 40 sheep and goats. Most of them had died due to years of drought, great famine and an epidemic. Now he is left with only two goats.
Question 5: Where did Muni usually go to graze his goats? Where would he rest?
Answer: Muni usually went to the highway to let his goats graze. While he was there, he would sit on a pedestal at the base of a life-sized clay statue of a horse.
Question 6: What was Muni craving for?
Answer: Muni was fed up with eating drumstick leaves alone. He had a craving to relish them with sauce for a change.
Question 7: Explain why the shopkeeper was reluctant to give Muni any items on credit.
Answer: Muni tried to convince the shopkeeper to give him items on credit by engaging in conversation and laughing at his jokes. This time however he refused. He showed Muni a ledger of past debts that he owed and told him to clear them before asking for credit.
Question 8: From where did Muni say that he would get money?
Answer: Muni said that his daughter would be giving him money for his fiftieth birthday. The shopkeeper did not believe him because he appeared to be almost seventy.
Question 9: Describe the statue of the horse.
Answer: The statue of the horse was life-sized and moulded out of clay. It was as white as a dhobi-washed sheet and had on its back a cover of pure brocade of red and black lace.
Question 10: What did Muni see on the highway? Why did it stop?
Answer: Muni saw a yellow station wagon coming towards him down the highway. The car had run out of gas and had come to a stop on the road in front of the statue.
Question 11: Looking at the clothes of the foreigner, what did Muni think he could be?
Answer: The foreigner was wearing khaki clothes. It made Muni think that he was a policeman.
Question 12: Explain why Muni spoke about the murder with the foreigner.
Answer: Muni mistook the foreigner's khaki dress and thought the foreigner was a policeman who had arrived to investigate the dead body that was found on the border of Kritam and a neighbouring village. Muni thought that the foreigner had come to arrest him.
Question 13: How does Muni react when the American gives him his business card?
Answer: Muni feared that he was going to be arrested and that the business card was a warrant for his arrest, so he stepped back He was immediately suspicious and afraid.
Question 14: How did the American businessman conclude that Muni was the owner of the statue?
Answer: The American concluded that Muni was the owner as he was sitting on the pedestal of the horse statue and when the American asked about it Muni gave an explanation of its history and origin.
Question 15: How did Muni's wife react when she saw the money?
Answer: Muni's wife was furious on seeing the hundred rupee note and accused Muni of stealing it. She threatened to leave him and return to her parents' house.
So, these were A Horse and Two Goats Questions & Answers.
Adventures of Isabel Stanza Wise Summary
The Cold Within Questions & Answers


The upcoming 1.2 update to Rift is pretty substantial, and considering what 1.1 brought just a month ago, Trion is keeping to a brisk pace for updates. Part of me wants to cheer, the other part sits here, nods, and wonders what 1.3 will bring next month. I want to say such expectations are unfair (especially when I make the totally unfair comparison to Darkfall update pacing, or the even slower rehashing of WoW), but then, this is a themepark, and well, it's the pace you must sustain to keep people happy. Asherons Call did it back in 2000, and EQ1 released weekly expansions. About time we return to those days.
I will say this though, if Trion DOES continue to release updates of 1.2 size monthly, I don't see how people can realistically be upset (forum warriors aside, as those 'people' are professional crybabies, minus the whole "getting paid, self respect, contributing member of society" thing). So long as the monthly updates don't replace content like expansions do, Rift will be a game bursting with (even more) options in a few short months, along with being an incredibly feature-rich game. And again, given what the baseline is (2004 WoW), that's almost expected. If the pace drops to one big update every three months, I think it will be ok to call that disappointing.
Along with the update itself, I want to talk about the world events. Initially I understood the first world event as something the players would influence and shape the outcome of. Obviously that was not the case. Phase 2 and 3 were going to happen regardless, and the result of phase 3 was set in stone before even the first player action was taken. The sandbox player in me is disappointed. The themepark carebear wonders why.
Now I'm not sure if the devs ever called these things dynamic events, but if they did, it's a lie. There is nothing dynamic about them (or at least with the first one, and I'd be pretty shocked if future events were). But that aside, the event overall was fun for what it was. The carebear in me is a fan. Yay collecting stuff for shinies, yay seeing RP events, yay cheap motivators to get randoms together. Grade A themepark entertainment (for real, no sarcasm).
And since these events are not dynamic, since the actions of the players DON'T matter, the whole 'unique event' aspect goes out the window as well. Replay the RP event every night. Have the big bad respawn and attack again next weekend. Cycle the whole thing twice if you want. Whatever. My immersion aside, who cares. Dynamic world + player actions != themepark. The only upsetting thing is that I'm just now coming to that conclusion. Pretty embarrassing actually. AQ40 was a lie, that gate was going to open, racing to do so was only important to the world-first e-peen clubs. Nothing has changed, and that's ok.
But like the update pacing, these events need to be pretty consistent. Maybe not one every month, but every other? Like one month an event is going, the next all is quiet, then another starts up for a month? I'd be cool with that. And while players won't impact the result after said month, can we maybe have a daily impact? Can an invasion actually take over a quest hub, or, gosh, a zone? And if the players don't care, the mobs don't leave?
Is there any chance a town gets wiped off the face of Telara AC1 style one month? Or we find a new mini-zone thanks to some cave that opens up? Asking too much here? Aiming too high?
This entry was posted in Asheron's Call, MMO design, Patch Notes, Rift, World of Warcraft. Bookmark the permalink.
I don't think the River of Souls event was ever claimed to be dynamic itself, it was just using the tools of the dynamic content system to be put into the game at all.
Personally I won't be disappointed if the updates only come every 3 months as long as they're content updates. There are very few MMOs that I can think of meeting an update schedule like that right now. Which is sad, really, considering content updates are used to justify subscriptions. As long as Trion seems to be trying (unlike Blizzard who are happy to just cash in) I'll give them a chance.
I would love to see more long-lasting effects from failure in events, though I understand why they currently don't. If there aren't enough players to succeed at the event, there probably aren't enough players to fix the mess left afterwards.
However, I think that's just fine. Yes it will seem painful, and people will complain, but eventually players will group up and take back the zone and THAT will be an experience they'll remember, tell their friends, and look for in the next game they play. Maybe have invasions conquer the main city in a zone if the big events are failed. Not every quest hub, just the main city. That's more likely to get players from outside the zone involved, and players in the zone can continue questing around the periphery if they so choose.
The world event was sold as a 'dynamic conflict' and although parts of it were dynamic I agree that the entire event as a whole did feel scripted, but I guess there has to be a certain degree of that otherwise it would descend into total chaos (which might be fun!). Anyways, looking forward to the new patch and glad to see some sensible and knowledgeable Rift discussions rather than some of the other garbage I've read recently.
I'd much rather have a lot more, shorter events. I think even a week is too long. A weekend is plenty.
I'd like lots of short, sharp events that pop up up unannounced and have appropriately small, insignificant *but unique* rewards. Titles, glowy weapons, funny hats, items that are for all intents and purposes the same as things already in the game but with different names, etc etc. Stuff that takes next to no develeopment time and that doesn't cause extreme anxiety in those who aren't there when it drops, but which is a little bit cool for those who are.
Have a medium size event once every couple of weeks and a really big, "World Event" every other month. Keep things moving. Get players used to not seeing *everything* that happens and being happy they were there not pissed they weren't.
That's what I'd like. What I actually think we'll get are big, bloated, meaningless "all must win prizes" events that long outstay their welcome.
I don't really care, though. I'm making up my own events.
Well, can't say I expected anything else. Albeit I certainly hoped for the players (all of them together) having an impact on .. anything ?
Rift has demonstrated how successful a focus on the open world can be in a WoW-like game – even if there are no consequences except for minor inceonveniences.
In the future, let's be a bit more couragous, Trion, ok?


text:
Facts on Fossils
Extremes In The fossil World
Read through these Fun facts on fossils and find the biggest, oldest, longest fossils ever found!
The Largest Ammonites
Titanites are often 2 feet (53 centimeters) in diameter. They are found in southern England and come from the Jurassic Period.
Pachydiscus seppenradensis sometimes reach a diameter of 6 ½ feet (2 meters). They are found in Germany from the Cretaceous Period.
Parapuzosia bradyi can be 4 ½ feet (137 centimeters) in diameter. They are found in North American, from the Cretaceous Period.
The Largest Nautiloids
The largest nautiloid on record is called Endoceras. It is from the Ordovician Period and has been measured up to 13 feet (3 ½ meters) long.
The Biggest Trilobites
Isotelus rex is the largest known species of trilobite. It was found in northern Manitoba. This humongous arthropod measures about 28 inches (72 centimeters) long. Isotelus rex is now on display at the Manitoba Museum in Winnipeg.
Earth's Oldest Fossils
The evidence of microscopic life forms has been detected as old as 3,700 to 3,800 million years ago. This evidence was found in Isua greenstone in Greenland. There have been claims of evidence dating back as far as 3,850 million years ago but these are not universally accepted. Scientists continue to refine dating methods to get reliable data on the earliest life on earth.
Facts on Fossils - Vertebrates
The Oldest Fish Fossils
The oldest fish fossils on record were found at Chengjiang, in Yunnan Province, China. Two species have been found dating from about 530 million years ago. Haikouichthys ercaicunensis, and Myllokunmingia fengjiaoa, are recent finds. If verified these finds will rewrite the fish chapter of evolution.
Largest Dinosaur
Sauroposeidon may have been the largest dinosaur ever to walk the face of the earth. Scientists believe this gigantic dinosaur would have stood 60 feet tall (18 meters) and weighed 60 tonnes! Sauroposeidon means "earthquake god lizard". This dinosaur may also hold the record for having the longest neck.
Biggest shark
Megalodon is estimated to have been 40 to 50 feet long and weigh 48 tons!
Facts on Fossils - Places
Oldest Fossil Beds
The oldest fossils of multicelled animals come from just two places on earth. The Burgess Shale formation in Canada was long regarded as the oldest fossil bed. The Burgess Shale was formed about 530 million years ago during the Cambrian period. Many early Cambrian Period fossils have been found there. The Chengjiang Deposits of China are thought to be even older than Canada's Burgess Shale. The fossils are found near the town of Chengjiang, in the Yunnan Province of China. This area appears to be about 15 million years older than the Burgess Shale formation.
Learn more Facts on Fossils here.


Equifax, a consumer credit reporting agency, has been hacked by cyber criminals, exposing the personal information of approximately 143 million people. With the stolen information, the hackers or cyber criminals behind the data breach can steal your identity and money. This is because they have your name, address, birth dates, social security number, driver's license number, and active credit card numbers. The security breach has affected consumers in the United States, Canada, and the United Kingdom.
Anyone impacted by the breach is now at risk of identity theft and fraud - as any piece of this personal information can be sold to criminals who could then use it to open credit cards, take out loans, make purchases or even drain your bank accounts.
Equifax discovered the unauthorized access on July 29, 2017, and acted immediately to stop the intrusion. The company promptly engaged a leading, independent cyber security firm that has been conducting a comprehensive forensic review to determine the scope of the intrusion, including the specific data impacted. Equifax also reported the criminal access to law enforcement and continues to work with authorities. While the company's investigation is substantially complete, it remains ongoing and is expected to be completed in the coming weeks.
What is Equifax Doing to Protect Consumers Affected by the Data Breach?
Equifax has established a dedicated website, www.equifaxsecurity2017.com, to help consumers determine if their information has been potentially impacted and to sign up for credit file monitoring and identity theft protection. The offering, called TrustedID Premier, includes 3-Bureau credit monitoring of Equifax, Experian and TransUnion credit reports; copies of Equifax credit reports; the ability to lock and unlock Equifax credit reports; identity theft insurance; and Internet scanning for Social Security numbers - all complimentary to U.S. consumers for one year. The website also provides additional information on steps consumers can take to protect their personal information. Equifax recommends that consumers with additional questions visit www.equifaxsecurity2017.com or contact a dedicated call center at 866-447-7559, which the company set up to assist consumers. The call center is open every day (including weekends) from 7:00 a.m. – 1:00 a.m. Eastern time.


text:
From 'one more stop' to 'one-stop-shop', investment procedures upgraded
By Evie Andreou November 1, 2019 November 2, 2019 0572
Interior Minister Constantinos Petrides on Friday
Interior Minister Constantinos Petrides on Friday presented a new bill relating to big investments which aims to cut red tape, make licensing easier and tackle corruption and clientelism.
The bill was recently approved by the cabinet and sent to parliament for discussion and a vote.
Under the new proposals, the maximum period to complete licensing is set initially at one year, with the aim of reducing it to six months. The time for granting a derogations is fixed at two months within that one year while environmental opinions will be issued within three months. The authority to issue a licence will be transferred to the Council of Ministers if the agreed timetables are not complied with, he said.
"We believe that, when implemented, it will be a decisive bill that would facilitate the investment of real production that the country needs in order to rectify distortions of the past and facilitate the licensing process," the minister said.
The bill provides for the introduction of a legislative framework to implement a rapid strategic investment licensing process, creating the so-called one-stop shop.
According to the ministry's presentation on the law, previous changes merely led to "one more stop instead of One Stop Shop," since procedures had not changed.
The bill also provides for setting up a Directorate of Strategic Investments at the Department of Planning and Housing with the appointment by the interior minister of a project manager. The project manager will among other things be the sole contact point of the investor with the services involved, will coordinate and monitor the progress of project implementation and will prepare a list of required permits with specified schedules.
According to the minister the new law will provide for a single licensing authority, the Directorate for Management of Strategic Investment, which will be responsible for issuing building permits thus eliminating the need to address 36 building and 10 planning authorities.
The environment department will solely undertake the consultation and opinion on all environmental matters.
The bill also introduces the 'tailored made investor journey'.
Director of the Town Planning, Kyriakos Kountouros said currently the biggest investment interest is on photovoltaics, health and wellness centres and higher education.
Petrides said that, soon, there will be specific urban incentives for investment in education, social welfare and sports. He also said that new investment in tourism has also increased in recent years.
A list of criteria has also been prepared for projects that qualify to join the rapid licensing mechanism.
For an investor to qualify to apply for rapid licensing they must fulfill at least one of the criteria set.
These include capital investments to the tune of €25m, of which at least 75 per cent coming from primary capital and / or external capital, create at least 100 new permanent jobs of any type or 70 new permanent jobs with an annual salary of more than €1m or invest at least €1m on research, development and innovation. Investments in strategic pillars such as health, education and environment also apply as long as it is €5m and over.
Also eligible will be well-known international companies that aim to conduct business in Cyprus and which must be listed on relevant international lists such as FORBES 2000, NASDAQ 500 and FTSE 350.
According to the minister, the benefits will be tackling delays in authorising and operating large investments, establishing fast procedures with tight timeframes for completing the licensing process and tackling corruption and clientelism.
It will also help upgrade Cyprus' ranking in international competitiveness indicators in terms of licensing and business operation and reducing bureaucracy.
Petrides also said the legislative framework needs to be flexible and therefore the criteria can be changed if necessary, by decision of the Council of Ministers.
Constantinos Petridesinvestmentone-stop shoppicks4Red tape
Supreme court reserves judgement on civil service pay cuts
Call by union to probe verbal abuse of Greek doctors at Paphos A&E
Evie Andreou
Water Department 'cannot reconnect' supply to Chlorakas complex
Gina Agapiou January 18, 2022
Household consumption spending down 14.1 per cent
Ministry seeking two doctors for Pournara


...on yourself: that's what it feels like doing an in-place migration of your computer from 32-bit debian to the 64-bit version. you transplant the libraries and the linkers, and hope that you match up enough 64-bit binaries with their libs and linker just in time so that the patient don't die from anaphylactic shock.
i really don't like reinstalling numerous boxes from scratch, losing all my configuration magic, so i decided to try making the changes in place, on the "live object".


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Bullseye – Centrefire
An event every month that begins at 6:30pm on day Last of the month, repeating until October 25, 2023
Bullseye league centrefire night
Bullseye League
Bullseye – Rimfire
An event every month that begins at 6:30pm on day Second of the month, repeating until October 11, 2023