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eHospital Program Enhances Care in Medical ICUs
Since launching the eHospital program in 2014, Cleveland Clinic has been able to provide an extra level of care for critical patients during the night.
Keeping a closer eye on critical patients
Earlier this year, a patient in the medical intensive care unit (MICU) at Cleveland Clinic's Fairview Hospital was in respiratory distress and going into flash pulmonary edema during the middle of the night. His nurse called on the intensivist and critical care nurses on duty at eHospital, Cleveland Clinic's homegrown telemedicine program.
"We were able to identify the problem, give orders for Lasix® and nitroglycerin, and turn the patient around. We prevented him from being intubated," says Christina Canfield, MSN, RN, ACNS-BC, CCRN, a clinical nurse specialist on the MICU at Cleveland Clinic's main campus and with eHospital.
Patient stories such as this illustrate why Cleveland Clinic launched eHospital in April 2014. Its primary purpose is to provide better access to staff intensivists and experienced critical care nurses during the night. "eHospital is a second layer of monitoring and a resource for bedside caregivers," says John Tote, MSN, RN, CCRN, nurse manager for the eHospital program and of the cardiovascular ICUs at main campus. "It facilitates problem identification and swift intervention by physicians and nurses."
Providing quality care from 'the bunker'
At the heart of the eHospital program is the bunker — the operations center on main campus that is staffed from 7 p.m. to 7 a.m., seven days a week by two critical care nurses and a physician. The team remotely monitors patients on ICUs at main campus and three of Cleveland Clinic's regional hospitals — Fairview Hospital, Medina Hospital and South Pointe Hospital.
While the eHospital team can't lay hands on a patient, the healthcare providers have full access to electronic medical records in Epic and can place orders as well as review labs and imaging studies. They can perform visual assessments using in-room cameras and collaborate with caregivers in the ICUs using two-way audiovisual communication tools that can be activated either by eHospital or ICU staff.
eHospital monitors a total of 100 beds in six ICUs. Each room has a camera mounted on the ceiling with a microphone and an eHospital call button on the wall. Healthcare providers in the ICU push the call button to initiate communication, which occurs over a secure connection. eHospital utilizes televisions in the rooms so caregivers, patients and their families can see and hear clinicians in the operations center. Patients aren't continuously viewed via the camera, and there are no recording capabilities. A solid light on the call button indicates that the room camera is being monitored.
"The eHospital nurses are a back-up to the nurses on the floor," explains Raymond Jay Coonce, MSN, RN, nurse manager of the surgical ICU at Fairview Hospital. "A lot of nurses who work at night are newer nurses. It's nice to have that additional resource so if they have a question, they can call in and get an experienced RN to support them."
Using algorithms to risk-stratify patients
Between January and June 2015, eHospital staff reviewed data on more than 37,800 patients and opened cameras in ICU rooms over 19,700 times. A key component to tracking so many patients is the comprehensive, weighted algorithm created by Cleveland Clinic to stratify patients by risk. "It pulls together clinical data from Epic, crunches the numbers and alerts us to risk levels," says Canfield.
Monitors in the eHospital operations center depict a list of patients, sorted according to risk level. Each patient has a tile that provides their name, age and location, vital signs trend line and risk status (red for high risk and green for low risk). "eHospital notices subtle changes in patients and helps alert us to patients who are just starting to deteriorate," says Tote.
When eHospital nurses receive an alert on a patient tile, they review the patient's Epic record and labs and pull up imaging and telemetry monitoring. "If they need to further investigate and put eyes on the patient, they can open the camera in the room," says Canfield.
The system also has specific, real-time alerts, such as when a patient goes on vasopressors to support blood pressure and when a patient goes into ventricular fibrillation. "Instead of just moving the patient up on the list, a pop-up alert notifies us that a patient is in v-fib or a lethal arrhythmia," says Tote. "That way, we can use the camera in the room, ask if the staff need help and facilitate running a code until the code team arrives."
Having an extra set of eyes during crisis situations is invaluable, says Monica Neuman, BSN, RN, nurse manager of the MICU at Fairview Hospital. "Sometimes we have a second- or third-year resident covering at night," she says. "It's reassuring for them to collaborate with an intensivist."
Remote caregivers contribute to relationship-based care
eHospital clinicians intervene in critical situations and they also provide support for routine activities. During downtime, eHospital nurses do virtual rounding, checking in on patients at least once a night. "If there is a safety issue – like a patient who tries to get out of bed – then we can notify eHospital to watch that patient and let us know if they are trying to get out of bed," says Kristina Gibson, BSN, RN, a staff nurse on the night shift in the MICU at Fairview Hospital.
And even though it's a technology-driven program, eHospital also contributes to delivering relationship-based care. Consider the patient who went into flash pulmonary edema and was helped by the eHospital team. Several hours prior to that, the patient noticed the eHospital call button light go on during rounding and waved at the camera. The nurse in the operations center said hello and asked the patient if he needed anything. He replied that he was fine. Much later, after stabilization following respiratory distress, the patient asked his bedside nurse to call eHospital. "He thanked them for getting him out of the woods," says Tote.
More than a year after its implementation, eHospital is a resounding success. Says Gibson, "It's a really an awesome resource for everyone here!"
Advantages of a Homegrown System
Cleveland Clinic's eHospital ICU telemedicine program was developed in-house by the Clinical Systems Office. "Because it was built from the ground up, we can tailor it to our needs," says John Tote, MSN, RN, CCRN, nurse manager for the eHospital program and of the cardiovascular ICUs at main campus. "It's a system that overlays on top of Epic, so if we open a patient's electronic medical record, it opens the patient tile in eHospital. Everything is seamless and integrated."
In addition, because the algorithm behind the system isn't a proprietary one owned by a third-party vendor, Cleveland Clinic can continually improve upon it as the healthcare system gathers more data and outcomes. It can grow eHospital, too. "Because we have developers on-site, if we want to expand the service line we can do it relatively quickly," says Christina Canfield, MSN, RN, ACNS-BC, CCRN, a clinical nurse specialist on the MICU at Cleveland Clinic's main campus and with eHospital. "We aren't waiting for a company to develop the technology for us."
In May, Fairview Hospital's Rapid Response Team began using the iPad ® to consult with eHospital when needed. "We are able to quickly make a decision, stabilize a patient and often keep them in their room rather than transfer them to a higher level of care," says Monica Neuman, BSN, RN, nurse manager of the MICU at Fairview Hospital. "That's a big win!"
Top Five Orders
These are the top five orders placed by clinicians at Cleveland Clinic's eHospital from January through June 2015:
Arterial Blood Gas
Basic Metabolic Panel
Ventilator Orders
Dec. 11, 2015 / Nursing / Nursing Operations
Tags: ehospital, intensive care unit (ICU), medical intensive care unit (MICU), nursing, nursing operations
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Innovative Programs Let Non-Clinical Employees Help Stem Workforce Challenges
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Pilot Program Redefines Case Management
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A Culture of Collaboration Among UK Nurses
Consult QD - Nursing
Impact your practice and organization with a daily dose of insights and perspectives from thought leaders at Cleveland Clinic's Zielony Nursing Institute.
Impact nursing practice and patient care. Get insights and perspectives on our blog for nurses.


Corrosive liquids are hazardous. These could be acids with a pH of below 2 or bases with a pH above 12.5. Either way, corrosives have the potential to eat away metal components. It's not just the liquid that is corrosive. Fumes of these chemicals combine with humidity to condense onto metal surfaces. As the moisture evaporates, a corrosive residue remains behind.
Corrosive chemicals are also notorious for their reactions with other chemicals. Oxidizers release oxygen, increasing the likelihood of an explosion or fire when mixed with other chemicals.
Segregation of incompatible chemicals is critical to safe storage practices. Consult the Safety Data Sheet (SDS) of a chemical to learn any compatibility issues. Justrite supplies Document Storage Boxes for storing SDS documents. Mount on your chemical storage cabinet to ensure users have the information they need close at hand.
How can you mitigate chemical risks when selecting a corrosive storage cabinet? Follow these 3 tips from the experts.
Store flammable corrosive chemicals in a Sure-Grip EX Safety Cabinets for Corrosives. These meet OSHA and NFPA standards for flammable liquid storage. Double-wall steel construction with an air space resists the heat of a fire, keeping chemicals safe. Baked on epoxy coatings further protect steel surfaces from chemical spills. These cabinets can also be specified as combo units, where an inner double wall partition separates two independent storage compartments. One side is for corrosives with a polyethylene sump liner. The other side is a standard flammable storage compartment.
Justrite's ChemCor Lined Safety Cabinets for Corrosives features a thermoplastic coating inside the cabinet. This seamless liner provides enhanced corrosion protection when dealing with highly corrosive materials.
Corrosive chemicals that are not flammable, do not need double-steel wall safety cabinets. Molded polyethylene cabinets are impervious to the corrosive effects of harsh acids or bases. Spill catching trays capture spills and leaks and are removable for easy cleaning. Likewise, removable sumps help in cleaning larger spills. Polyethylene cabinets feature no metal parts. This ensures a long life in corrosive chemical service.
Though not suitable for storing flammable liquids, wooden cabinets provide excellent strength for storing corrosives. Their laminate finish offers a high level of chemical durability. Stainless steel hinges and handles ensure resistance to chemical damage.
Do you need to store flammables and corrosives in a single cabinet? Do you need a high-strength cabinet for corrosives alone? Whatever your requirements, Justrite has the product to meet your needs. Our cabinets meet OSHA and NFPA standards, providing peace of mind that your corrosive chemicals are safe. Find your corrosive cabinet here.


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People to Know 2014: Sean Duffy
By Ronald Tamler, MD, PhD, MBA, CNSC, CDE October 2014 People,
Sean Duffy, Tech Wiz
Sean Duffy is a self-described tech and design geek with a passion for health care—and he has the resume to prove it. He studied neuroscience as an undergraduate at Columbia University, got a job at Google, and wrote for medical technology website MedGadget.com. When, after his first year as a graduate student at Harvard University, Sean landed a position as a health and wellness specialist at premier design firm Ideo, he knew he'd found his calling
Sean feels so passionately about integrating health care with technology and design that he left his graduate studies to join two Ideo veterans in founding Omada Health. Along with a rapidly growing team, they are pioneering a new way for people to make healthy behavior changes.
"Digital therapeutics"—a term for the treatments used in the emerging field—transform face-to-face healthy-behavior therapies into immersive online experiences. Omada Health's first foray into the digital domain is Prevent, an online program that helps people with prediabetes make the behavior changes that can help them avoid the onset of type 2 diabetes. The program is already in use by major health care organizations such as Kaiser Permanente, Blue Cross and Blue Shield of Louisiana, and Stanford Hospital & Clinics, and is also available for purchase by individuals or through certain insurance plans or employers.
Prevent is based on the Diabetes Prevention Program, a large randomized clinical trial that demonstrated that an intensive lifestyle change program could reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes by 58 percent over three years. Prevent's 16-week program is accessible through any Internet-connected device. Participants are guided by dedicated health coaches and provided with tools for monitoring their weight, food intake, and activity levels. They also benefit from constant group peer support: Real people, in real time, are available 24-7 to offer encouragement and feedback, which leads to a high level of involvement and accountability.
Sean believes behavior change is central to the future of chronic disease prevention and management. And through his and the Omada team's innovation, Prevent is both accessible and affordable—and bringing us a step closer to combating diabetes.
Ronald Tamler, MD, PhD, MBA, CNSC, CDE, is an endocrinologist, diabetes educator, and expert in mobile health, such as smartphone apps for managing diabetes. He's clinical director of the Mount Sinai Diabetes Center at Mount Sinai Hospital in New York and associate professor of medicine at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


A city travel guide to Avignon, France providing Avignon tourism and travel information, hotels, attractions, restaurants and shopping.
Located in the south of the country, Avignon is France's jewel of the south. History stretches back here for thousands of years, each century contributing to the culture, the style and the beauty of the city, making it one of the best destinations in the country.
The city may not be as large as Paris but its big personality makes up for this. Avignon has a large bustling student population, with students coming here from all over the world to study history, culture, art and languages. This gives Avignon a cultured, cosmopolitan feel to it, allowing visitors on tour here to relax and soak up the sophistication.
There are many attractions to visit here but one thing to do is to explore the city walls. These magnificent stone ramparts surround the city between 1359 and 1370. Even with the weapons the walls were not the state-of-the-art defence system in 14th century but they are an iconic part of the city and an essential element in its character. Within the walls themselves you will find the museums, giving you the chance to understand more about the history of the region.
For art lovers the Musée Angladon is a must-see. It can be found in the heart of the city and features the only Vincent van Gough painting in Provence, named Railway Wagons. There are also other works by Picasso, Cézanne, Sisley, Manet, Degas and many others, each of them guaranteed to take your breath away. Upstairs you will find a collection of historical and cultural artefacts.
For those who prefer modern art and photography, the Collection Lambert highlights the best in artworks produced from the 1960s and 70s.
The Palais des Papes draws visitors to it like a magnet. It has claimed the title of the largest Gothic palace in the world, testifying to the wealth of papacy of the medieval period. In 1342 a massive banquet was held here to celebrate the coronation of Clement IV. This included 95,000 loafs of bread, 39,980 eggs, 50,000 sweet tarts, 118 oxen, 1033 spit-roasted sheep, 7428 chickens and 1195 geese. A tour around the palace leaves you in awe as you discover what life was like here centuries ago.
For somewhere to capture your imagination, take a stroll down to Pont St-Bénézet. This ancient bridge was built in 1185 and was the link that allowed access over the river to allow the establishment of Villeneuve-lès-Avignon. Over the years many of its 22 spans have been destroyed and only four remain, but it is a testament to its long life.
The menus here highlight the very best of the regional cuisine and the presentation is so artistic that you may have trouble taking that first bite. Some restaurants can be found in historic grand palaces, allowing each diner to be treated like a king or queen. Little quaint cafes offer the very best in simple home-cooked meals, but whatever your choice you won't be disappointed.
Avignon's hotels are some of the finest in the world. Not only do they give you all the comforts of modern life, but as many hotels are established in old buildings, travellers get the full feel of the city's long history.
Avignon is an ideal holiday spot for travellers; it gives you a good base to explore the region and it has the history, art and culture which appeals to many. Ask anyone who has visited the city and they will confirm that it is simply a magical place in a beautiful country.
Help your favorite places get listed on Avignon travel guide: suggest a hotel, a restaurant or an attraction.


Maybe we should do #24296 first or in parallel to this ticket, as this package renaming stuff gives us the opportunity to change interfaces without much hassle.
Looks good to me! I made a few tweaks in commit 91c1f86 in my task-24295 branch. Maybe take a look, mainly to get an idea what parts we care about. Overall, good patch, thanks!
irl, I'll leave this in needs_review for you to take another look before I squash and merge. Unassigning myself as reviewer, for you to pick it up.
Err, changing to needs_review now.
Thanks for checking, efgyirfe784! And no worries about not being able to become the reviewer. I was hoping that irl would do another review of this patch before it goes in.
Looking at this just now.
Okay, great! Merged to master. Closing. Thanks!


Lake Retba, or Lac Rose (Pink Lake in english), the beautiful finishing point of the worldwide known Paris-Dakar Rally (until 2009 when they moved to South America). Located north of the Cap Vert peninsula of Senegal, 30km north-east from the capital city of Dakar, the lake took his name for its pink/red waters caused by Dunaliella Salina algae and is known for its high salt content, up to 40% in some areas. Lake Retba is now under consideration by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site.
Travel and Adventure Photographer based in Dubai, United Arab Emirates.


Single clove garlic, 250 gm|ABK® Buy Worlds Best Saffron, Walnuts, Acacia Honey, Morels & more!
single clove garlic, or pearl garlic, is a variety of Galic and is produced in Kashmir. The size of the single clove differs from approximately 25 to 50 mm in diameter. It has the flavour of the garlic clove but is somewhat milder and slightly perfumed. The appearance is somewhat similar to that of a pickling onion, with white skin and often purple stripes.
Dried blackcurrant from Greece. You receive one packet of 250 gm.


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Farooq Abdullah responds to the repealment of Article 370 and 35A of the Constitution
Responding to the BJP's commitment to abrogating Article 370 and 35A of the Constitution, National Conference Chairman Farooq Abdullah said on Monday that this move will pave the way for 'freedom' in Kashmir.
In the manifesto issued by Prime Minister Narendra Modi and BJP President Amit Shah, it has been said that if the party comes to power, then it will abrogate both paragraphs. Responding to this, Abdullah said in the election meeting here, 'Do they think that they will repeal Article 370 and we will sit quietly? They are thinking wrong."
They said, 'We will fight against it, I think that it is Allah's will that they are trying to abrogate it, let them do this and it will pave the way for our freedom.' Many such PILs have been filed in the Supreme Court, in which Article 370 and 35 A have been challenged.
While Article 370 gives Jammu and Kashmir a state of special status, Article 35A gives the State Assembly the right to define the citizens and their rights. The BJP said in the manifesto, 'We are committed to repeal Article 35A of the Constitution, which provides for discrimination against non-permanent residents of Jammu and Kashmir.'
Jammu & Kashmir National Conference
Farooq Abdullah


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Home/Politics/Messi scorer, Tinubu dodger, says Omokri
Messi scorer, Tinubu dodger, says Omokri
abfd whatsapp image at .. x
"Immediately after Argentina won the 2022 World Cup on Sunday, December 18, 2022, Tinubu put up a photoshopped image of Messi in an Asiwaju BAT headgear. Tinubu comparing himself to Messi, who won the Golden Ball awarded to the Qatar 2022 FIFA World Cup best player, is laughable," Omokri said in a statement on Monday.
Omokri said Messi did not always run from task unlike Tinubu, whom he said was allegedly dodging presidential debates.
"Whenever Messi is called to take a penalty shot or play in a game, he does not dodge and run. He does not give an excuse. He fulfils his duty to his nation and club. But each time Tinubu is called for a presidential debate or town hall, he runs and dodges. He neglects his duty to the Nigerian electorate.
"No two people can be more unalike than Tinubu and Messi. One is a scorer, and the other is a dodger!
"Bola Tinubu was invited to all the presidential debates, and meet and greet fora organised by professional associations, like the Nigerian Bar Association, and the Nigerian Society of Engineers, etc. He dodged every one of them.
"If Tinubu wants to compare himself to anybody, he should compare himself with Charles Dickens's fictional character, the Artful Dodger.
"Only one presidential candidate fits the mould of Lionel Messi in Nigeria. Only one presidential candidate consistently sets goals, like the goal to create millions of jobs for Nigerians via his $10 billion plan. And only one candidate not only attends presidential debates and town halls but additionally dominates at those events, to the extent that other candidates copy his answers.
"That person, the Greatest of All Time and Lionel Messi of the 2023 presidential election is no other than Atiku Abubakar," he said.
Atiku lied, we're not in talks with him – Kwankwaso, Obi
El-Rufai's bombshell: Aisha Buhari reposts video on social media
No Victor, No vanquished, says Obaseki
Kwankwaso won't step down for Atiku, Tinubu, Obi: NNPP
Edo PDP crisis: Court dismisses Orbih's suit


Brighton Apothecary is run by Sarah Flower, Marion Mackonochie, Jessie Martelhof and Maud Freemantle. We are enthusiastic about encouraging others to discover herbs and improve their health.
Sarah Flower trained at Middlesex University and qualified in 2003. She developed an interest in herbs after suffering from repeated chest infections that failed to respond to antibiotics. Her particular interests include skin conditions and digestive problems. Please see her website Medical Herbalist Sussex for details of her herbal practice and Salvia Botanicals for her natural skincare products.
Marion Mackonochie trained at Middlesex University after a career in science publishing and a first degree studying pharmacology and physiology. She has always been interested in health and figuring out what works, and discovered herbs after getting disillusioned with an approach to health that only considers pharmaceutical drugs as a solution. She is particularly interested in hormonal problems and anxiety. Please see her website for further info: Field Remedies.
Jessie qualified with a first degree in herbal medicine From Lincoln College in 2017. She is a herbalist who is passionate about supporting people to take their health back into their own hands using holistic approaches which address the root causes not just the symptoms. Jessie is also a botany and wild medicinal plant enthusiast and regularly takes groups out on plant walks as well as leading talks and workshops on herbal medicine.
Maud Freemantle trained at The School of Phytotherapy having previously studied for an arts degree. After the birth of her son Maud was interested in discovering a more gentle approach to health and wellbeing. She is especially interested in digestion and how problems with digestion are associated with many chronic health problems such as allergy and inflammatory conditions.


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Emblem of Thailand
National emblem of Thailand
ตราแผ่นดินของไทย
Variant with broader wings (displayed by a firm bearing a Royal warrant)
Vajiralongkorn (Rama X), King of Thailand
Officially in 1911, replacing the coat of arms of Siam from 1873. Originally adopted during the Ayutthaya period.
Blazon
A Garuda gules with wings displayed and elevated armed and crowned or, clothed or and azure.
Used by the monarchy and government of Thailand on all official documents.
The national emblem of Thailand (Thai: ตราแผ่นดินของไทย) is called the Phra Khrut Pha (RTGS transcription; พระครุฑพ่าห์; "Garuda as the vehicle" (of Vishnu)). The Garuda was officially adopted as the national emblem by Vajiravudh (Rama VI) in 1911. However, the mythical creature had been used as a symbol of royalty in Thailand for centuries. The Garuda is depicted on seals, which are used by the King and the Government of Thailand to authenticate official documents and as its primary emblem.
The Garuda is a mythological beast of the Hindu and Buddhist tradition. According to Hindu mythology, the Garuda is the vahana (vehicle) of the god Vishnu (Narayana). The ancient kings of Thailand believed in divine kingship, and considered themselves the incarnation of the god Narayana. Thus, the Garuda came to symbolise the divine power and authority of the king.
The Garuda also features in the national emblem of Indonesia and the emblem of the city of Ulaanbaatar.
2 Royal seals
2.1 Four great royal seals
3 Garuda emblem
3.1 Royal symbol
3.2 Official emblem
3.3 Government use
3.4 Royal warrant
4 Historical emblems
4.1 Coat of arms of Siam
4.2 Emblem of the Chakri dynasty
6.3 Legislation
Symbolism[edit]
Main article: Garuda
A Garuda decoration on the prang of the 15th century Wat Ratchaburana, Ayutthaya Historical Park.
The Garuda is a birdlike mythological beast of the Hindu and Buddhist tradition. According to mythology, the Garuda is a large hybrid half-man and half-bird creature. The Garuda is often depicted in art as having the head, beak, wings and talons of an eagle, while his torso is like that of a human man.[1] In the book Traiphum Phra Ruang, a Thai Buddhist literary work composed in the 14th century, he is described as having a body that was 150 yojanas across (1 yojana equivalent to 1.6 kilometres), his left and right wings 150 yojanas each, his tail 60 yojanas long, his neck 30 yojanas, his beak 90 yojanas and his talons 12 yojanas each.[2][3]
The Garuda's physical strength and martial prowess is recounted in the Sanskrit Puranas.[4] In these stories he is described as the most powerful of all the winged-creatures and as such is regarded as the king of all the birds.[5] In Buddhist literature, the Garuda lives in the legendary Himavanta forest and is regarded as semi-divine or supernatural.[2] In the Buddhist tradition the emphasis is put on the Garuda's deeds, which portray him as a righteous and merciful being.[5]
According to the Mahabharata, the Garuda was so powerful that no god could defeat him in battle, eventually the Hindu god Vishnu intervened. Impressed with his abilities, Vishnu made the Garuda immortal and promised him a higher seat than that of his own. Henceforth, the Garuda became the 'vahana' or vehicle of Vishnu and was allowed to sit atop the god's flagpole as a reward.[6][7]
The Garuda's relationship with Vishnu or Narayana is especially significant. The doctrine of ancient Thai kingship was heavily influenced by those of India. Accordingly, the king was nothing less than an 'avatar' or incarnation of god, just as King Rama of the epic Ramayana was the incarnation of Narayana. Thus, the god Narayana and the Garuda became the accepted symbol of divine and sacred kingship in ancient Thailand.[8]
Royal seals[edit]
Cabinet Secretary affixes the seals to the 2007 Constitution after it was signed by the King and countersigned by the Parliament Speaker, 2007.
During the Ayutthaya Kingdom (1350–1767), the king had in his possession several seals (ตรา, tra) of various designs. These stamp seals were used in the authentication of official documents, especially on those sent out from the central administration to the provinces. They were usually made from carved blocks of ivory.[8][9] In 1635 a law was passed, regulating the use of each seal for a specific purpose or on specific documents.[9] For example, one was used for the interior administration, one for foreign affairs, one for military affairs and one for dynastic affairs.[8] The king entrusted a seal to an individual minister, with a "Master of the Seal", whose role it was to write and seal all documents on his behalf.[9]
The importance of the seals were attested when another law provided a punishment for the forgery and altering of sealed documents.[9] Simon de la Loubère remarked that the king's own authority was linked to that of his seal. In times of turmoil and dynastic conflict, exceptional importance was attached to the seals, as it was considered that the kingdom's power and authority laid with their custodian. These seals did not survive the sacking and destruction of the city by a Burmese army in 1767.[10]
The use of royal seals continued in the first four reigns of the Rattanakosin Kingdom (founded in 1782). The Chakri kings would use a personal seal for private letters and four official seals for government business. The four great royal seals (พระราชลัญจกร, Phra Ratcha Lanchakon) included: the Maha Ongkan (มหาโองการ), the Khrut Pha (ครุฑพ่าห์), the Hongsaphiman (หงสพิมาน) and the Airaphot (ไอราพต) seals. The seals represented four gods: Shiva (known in Thailand as Phra Isuan), Vishnu (Phra Narai), Brahma (Phra Phrom) and Indra (Phra In). The first three belong strictly to the Hindu Trimurti (or Trinity) and the last is a popular king of the gods in Buddhism.[11]
The four seals are now kept by the Cabinet Secretariat (a department within the Office of the Prime Minister) and are affixed to documents by its officers in different combinations, depending on the purpose of those documents.[11][12][13]
Four great royal seals[edit]
Phra Ratcha Lanchakon Maha Ongkan
Royal Seal of the Great Decree
An Unalom symbol inside a royal Busabok pavilion, flanked by two seven-tiered royal umbrellas. The seal represents Shiva.[11][14]
Phra Ratcha Lanchakon Airaphot
Royal Seal of Airavata elephant
A royal pavilion mounted on the back of Airavata (a mythical three-headed elephant), flanked by two five-tiered royal umbrellas. The Airavata according to myth is the vehicle of Indra.[11][14]
Phra Ratcha Lanchakon Phra Khrut Pha
Royal Seal of Garuda the Carrier
Narayana mounted on the back of Garuda. Within the Garuda's claws are two Nāga serpents. Narayana was an incarnation of Vishnu.[11][14]
Phra Ratcha Lanchakon Hongsaphiman
Royal Seal of the Swan Pavilion
A royal pavilion mounted on the back of hamsa (a mythical swan), at its feet are lotus flowers and leaves. The hamsa according to myth is the vehicle of Brahma.[11][14]
Garuda emblem[edit]
Royal symbol[edit]
Constitutional Court Decision No. 12-14/2553 dated 3 November 2010, as published in the Government Gazette. The Garuda emblem is used on the letterhead, as is common on all Thai government documents.
A proclamation dated 19 October 2006. King Bhumibol Adulyadej signed at the top of the paper and prime minister Surayud Chulanont countersigned at the bottom. All of the four seals were used on this modern document.
Thai kings recruited Brahmins from India and adopted Hindu court rituals. The national and royal symbol of Thailand is Garuda, the mount of Lord Vishnu.[15] Thailand uses the Garuda (Thai: ครุฑ, khrut) as its national symbol, known as the Phra Khrut Pha, meaning "Garuda, the vehicle (of Vishnu)," also used as the symbol of royalty.[16] It adorns the banknote of thai currency - the Baht - as well.[17]
These seals were used until 1873, when a European inspired coat of arms was designated by King Chulalongkorn (Rama V) as the national emblem of Siam. However, the creation of the coat of arms did not entirely replace the old royal seals, for a law promulgated in 1890, stated that the Khrut Pha and the Airaphot seals would continue to be used.[11][18] In 1893 the King changed his mind and decided that the heraldic arms was too foreign, and ordered his brother the Prince Narisara Nuvadtivongs to design a new seal featuring the Garuda. The Garuda as a symbol has been depicted in royal seals since the times of Ayutthaya. The Prince drew a new seal, which was based on the old design, featuring the god Narayana mounted on the Garuda's back. This version of the seal was used only briefly, as the King was not satisfied with this rendition. Soon after he asked the Prince to redesign the seal depicting the Garuda alone.[11][14][19]
The royal standard of Thailand or Thong Maha Rat (ธงมหาราช). The Garuda also features in standards of other members of the royal family.
In 1910, King Vajiravudh (Rama VI) decided to abandon the coat of arms altogether and use the Garuda as his primary device. The King asked Phra Dhevabhinimit (a famous artist at the time) to design a new seal, using Prince Naris' drawing of the Garuda, but with an addition of an encirclement of the King's ceremonial name on the outer edge. In 1911 an Act on the Seals of State was passed establishing the Garuda seal as the principal seal "To be impressed for authentication of the King's signature on all important deeds and documents."[11][19][20] From then on the Garuda seal named Phra Khrut Pha became the country's official emblem.[20] King Prajadhipok (Rama VII) continued the use of the seal by replacing his predecessor's name with his own. As King Ananda Mahidol (Rama VIII) was never crowned in a coronation ceremony (and therefore was never bestowed with a regnal name), a seal for his reign was never carved, instead he used his grandfather's (those of King Rama V's) instead. The seal made for King Bhumibol Adulyadej (Rama IX) was carved in 1946, soon after his coronation.[11][19]
The Garuda also became the official symbol of the Thai monarchy. In 1910 King Rama VI passed an Act on Flags, which created a new set of the royal standards, in which the Garuda took a prominent place. The standard would fly above various royal residences, signifying the king's presence there. The standard would also fly in front of the king's royal vehicles. In 1996 a royal barge called Narai Song Suban (เรือพระที่นั่งนารายณ์ทรงสุบรรณ; Narayana on his carrier) was launched, the bow of the barge depicts Narayana mounted on the back of a Garuda.[21]
Drawn by Prince Naris in 1893. The seal depicts the Garuda, with wings outstretched, with Narayana mounted on his back. This version was only used briefly. The final version depicts the Garuda alone, with wings outstretched. This version was used by King Chulalongkorn. King Vajiravudh introduced the encircling of the king's ceremonial name around the Garuda. This example is the seal used by King Bhumibol Adulyadej (Rama IX) which was carved for his coronation in 1950. Seal of King Vajiralongkorn, encircled with the king's official name before his coronation: "สมเด็จพระเจ้าอยู่หัวมหาวชิราลงกรณ บดินทรเทพยวรางกูร" ("Somdet Phra Chao Yu Hua Maha Vajiralongkorn Bodindradebayavarangkun.")
Official emblem[edit]
Wikisource has original text related to this article:
Garuda Emblem Act, BE 2534 (1991)
The Garuda was also adopted by the Royal Thai Government as its official emblem. The Garuda emblem appears on the letterhead of almost all Thai government documents.[20][22] The position of the king as the earthly personification of Narayana is symbolised through the use of the Garuda. This symbolism also illustrates the belief that the government (as represented by the Garuda) is the vehicle (or instrument) of the king.[19][23] The figure of the Garuda is also used as symbol of state property, and as such is displayed on government buildings, title deeds, boundary markers and in the uniforms of the Royal Thai Police and Royal Thai Armed Forces.[23]
King Rama VI was the first to regulate the use of the Garuda emblem by the government through legislation in 1911.[20] The use of the Garuda emblem was further regulated in an Act on the Garuda Emblem in 1991. A penalty for the misuse and misrepresentation of the Garuda was set to; imprisonment of no longer than one year, or a fine of between three and six thousand Baht, or both.[24] In 2001 the Office of the Prime Minister issued a guideline outlining the use of the emblem. The document recommended that the Garuda should be treated with respect as it is considered a sacred symbol.[25]
At first there was no fixed rule as to what posture the Garuda should be depicted. King Rama VI eventually selected an attitude for the Garuda called Khrut Ram (ครุฑรํา) or 'dancing Garuda' (wings displayed and elevated). However no law ever prescribed a specific design for use, as a result several designs are in use by various government departments.[23]
Government use[edit]
Used on documents, the cover of the Royal Thai Government Gazette and Thai passports. Used on general documents, such as land deeds and letters (most common). Used on general documents, such as court orders. Used on general documents and on Thai banknotes.
Royal warrant[edit]
Private entities such as businesses may be granted permission to use and display the Garuda emblem. Deserving firms, such those of good standing, could apply for a Royal warrant of appointment from the king through the Bureau of the Royal Household or the Prime Minister.[26][27] Once permission is given the firm is then allowed to display a Tra Tang Hang (ตราตั้งห้าง) or store standing emblem, which is a large sculpture of the Garuda, on all of their business premises.[26] Receiving a Royal warrant is considered a great honour and a mark of distinction for any Thai company.[27]
The Garuda sculpture depicts the beast adorned with a golden crown and regalia, wearing a robe of blue and green, with wings outstreched. Underneath the figure is a ribbon with the phrase "By Royal Assent" (โดยได้รับพระบรมราชานุญาต).[26] Previously a sculpture of the royal arms was displayed during the reign of King Rama V, these were replaced with the Garuda in 1911.[28]
Historical emblems[edit]
Coat of arms of Siam[edit]
Royal coat of arms of Siam
พระราชลัญจกรประจำแผ่นดินสยาม
Chulalongkorn (Rama V)
Created in 1873, discontinued in 1910.
The Great Crown of Victory with a rays of light emitting from the top and the Emblem of the Chakri dynasty (Chakra and Trishula)
Pink ribbons
The first (chief) quadrant depicts an Airavata on a yellow field. This quadrant represents the Thai heartland, the three heads of the elephant represents its northern, central and southern regions. The lower left quadrant (dexter base) depicts a white elephant on a red field. This quadrant represents the Laotian suzerainty. The lower right quadrant (sinister base) depicts two-crossed krises (one with and one without a scabbard) on a pink field, this represents the Malay suzerainty in the south
Gajasiha and Rajasiha holding the Seven-Tiered Chatras
Pali (in Thai script) : สพฺเพสํ สงฺฆภูตานํ สามคฺคี วุฑฺฒิ สาธิกา
Order(s)
Order of the Nine Gems and Order of Chula Chom Klao
Mantle and the Royal regalia (Sword of Victory, Royal Staff, Royal Slippers, fan and fly-whisk)
Used by the king and the government of Siam on all official documents.
A Buddhist Theological degree from 1910, from Uttaradit Province. The coat of arms of Siam is used on the letterhead.
From 1873 to 1910, a heraldic style coat of arms (ตราอาร์ม, Tra Arms) became the national emblem of Siam (renamed Thailand in 1939). The Western-style coat of arms was created at the command of King Rama V. The king ordered his cousin Prince Pravij Jumsai to design the arms for him. The armorial emblem contains almost all the elements of a European coat of arms; however, all the components of the emblem are traditional Thai royal symbols. The emblem is called the Phra Ratcha Lanchakon Pracham Phaen Din Sayam (พระราชลัญจกรประจำแผ่นดินสยาม).[18]
The escutcheon or shield, is divided into three quadrants. The first (chief) quadrant depicts an Airavata on a yellow field. This quadrant represents the Thai heartland, the three heads of the elephant represents its northern, central and southern regions. The lower left quadrant (dexter base) depicts a white elephant on a red field. This quadrant represents the Laotian suzerainty (the symbol comes for its native name Lan Xang, land of a million elephants). The lower right quadrant (sinister base) depicts two-crossed krises (one with and one without a scabbard) on a pink field, this represents the Malay (Perlis, Kedah, Kelantan and Terengganu) suzerainty in the south.[18]
Above the shield is the symbol representing the Chakri dynasty, a disc and a trident (Chakra and the Trisula). The shield is then surrounded by the chain of the Order of the Nine Gems (representing Buddhism) with a chain and pendant from the Order of Chula Chom Klao (featuring a portrait of King Rama V).[18]
The arms contains all the six Royal regalia of Thailand. The shield is crowned by the Great Crown of Victory, with a rays of light emitting from the top. Besides the shield are two seven-tiered Royal umbrellas of state. Crossed behind the shield is the Sword of Victory to the left and the Royal staff to the right. In front of them are the Royal fan and flywhisk (to the right and left, respectively). And finally on the compartment, a golden multi-layered royal seat, are the Royal slippers.[3][18]
The motto is in the Pali language written in Thai script: "สพฺเพสํ สงฺฆภูตานํ สามคฺคี วุฑฺฒิ สาธิกา" (Sabbesaṃ saṅghabhūtānaṃ sāmaggī vuḍḍhi sādhikā) meaning "The unity of a people come together as a party shall be a guarantor of prosperity". This motto was composed by Ariyavangsagatayana, the Buddhist Supreme Patriarch at the time.[29] The supporters of the arms are two mythical creatures. To the left of the shield (dexter) is an elephant lion (a lion with a trunk) or a Gajasiha (คชสีห์). To the right of the shield (sinister) is the king of the lions, the Rajasiha (ราชสีห์). The two supporters represents the two ancient departments of Kalahom (Gajasiha) and Mahatthai (Rajasiha). Kalahom was the department of the Military and the south, while Mahatthai was department of the civil service and the north. The mantle around the arms is the cloak of the Order of Chula Chom Klao, tied with pink ribbons (pink being the colour of Tuesday, the day of King Rama V's birth).[18][19]
Today the coat of arms is still used as the cap-badge of the Royal Thai Police and is the official symbol of the Chulachomklao Royal Military Academy.[29] The Courts of Justice and the Supreme Court of Justice also uses the arms as its official seal.[19][30]
Printed on the cover of the Royal Gazette. During the reign of King Rama V. The coat of arms as a royal seal, encircled with the king's ceremonial name "สมเดจพระปรมินทรมหาจุฬาลงกรณ์ บดินทรเทพยมหามกุฎ พระจุลจอมเกล้าเจ้ากรุงสยาม" (Somdet Phra Paramindra Maha Chulalongkorn Bodindradebyamahamakut Phra Chulachomklao Chao Krung Sayam). The seal was used for only one reign. The coat of arms used as a Royal warrant of appointment, eventually replaced by the Garuda. The coat of arms of the 1st Infantry Regiment, King's Close Bodyguard, Royal Thai Army. The regiment was founded by King Rama V in 1859.
Emblem of the Chakri dynasty[edit]
In 1782, King Buddha Yodfa Chulaloke (Rama I) established the Chakri dynasty with a new capital city at Bangkok. A symbol representing the new dynasty was created, featuring two intertwined weapons, the Chakra (a throwing disc) and the Trisula (a trident). The weapons are derived from an official title; Chao Phraya Chakri, that King Rama I held from 1770 to 1778. The title was usually given to the kingdom's greatest warlord. The word Chakri (จักรี) in Sanskrit means: 'The Wielder of the Discus'. The Chakra and Trisula according to tradition are the divine weapons of the gods Vishnu (or Narayana) and Shiva, respectively.[3][11]
Chakri emblem, the symbol of the Chakri dynasty, founded in 1782 by King Rama I. Intertwined divine weapons, the Chakra and the Trisula. The Royal Command emblem incorporates the Chakri symbol, from the Royal gazette (before 1940). The Royal Command emblem
(1940–present).
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National symbols of Thailand
Seals of the provinces of Thailand
Thai art
Royal Nine-Tiered Umbrella
National emblem of Indonesia — also features Garuda as blazon
Citations[edit]
^ Prime Minister's Office 2000, p. 22
^ a b Prime Minister's Office 2000, p. 27
^ a b c Hubert de Vries. "Thailand, Part 1". www.hubert-herald.nl. Retrieved 12 June 2012.
^ Prime Minister's Office 2000, pp. 37-38
^ www.mahabharataonline.com. "Story of Garuda - Part 3". Stories from Mahabharata. Retrieved 27 May 2012.
^ a b c Prime Minister's Office 2000, p. 52
^ a b c d Quaritch Wales, p. 83
^ Quaritch Wales, p. 84
^ a b c d e f g h i j k Prime Minister's Office 2000, p. 53
^ State Seal Act (1904)
^ After a legislative paper is signed by the King and countersigned by a competent authority, the seals are affixed to it by the officers of the Cabinet Secretariat which acts as their Keeper. Following that, a copy is published in the Government Gazette, whilst the original paper is placed for safekeeping at the Cabinet Secretariat. The constitution, however is made into three handwritten copies in the form of a traditional Thai book. The three copies were then given to; the Cabinet Secretariat, the Secretariat of the House of Representatives and the Bureau of the Royal Household. (Chettha Thongying, 2010: 41–47).
^ a b c d e Anuman Ratchathon 1950, pp.2-14
^ M. K. Agarwal (2003). The Vedic Core of Human History. p. 235. ISBN 9781491715949. Retrieved 11 June 2012.
^ "Thailand Information". Royal Embassy of Thailand in Doha, Qatar.
^ "Garuda: a symbol on Thai currency". emuseum.treasury.go.th. Archived from the original on 24 March 2019. Retrieved 31 May 2020.
^ a b c d e f National Emblem Act (1890)
^ a b c d e f Hubert de Vries. "Thailand, Part 2". www.hubert-herald.nl. Retrieved 11 June 2012.
^ a b c d State Seal Act (1911)
^ Prime Minister's Office 2000, p. 192
^ a b c Prime Minister's Office 2000, p. 193
^ Garuda Emblem Act (1991)
^ Prime Minister Office's Regulation on the use of the Garuda Emblem in the Government (2001)
^ a b c Garuda Emblem Act (1992)
^ a b Prime Minister's Office 2000, p. 238
^ a b "Emblem of the Chulachomklao Royal Military Academy: ตราสัญญลักษณ์โรงเรียนนายร้อยพระจุลจอมเกล้า". www2.crma.ac.th. Retrieved 28 May 2021.
^ "Small facts about the symbols in the Supreme Court: เล็กๆ น้อยๆ กับตราสัญลักษณ์ต่างๆ ในศาลฎีกา (Thai)" (PDF). www.supremecourt.or.th. Archived from the original (PDF) on 10 March 2012. Retrieved 14 June 2012.
Chettha Thongying (January–March 2010). รัฐธรรมนูญฉบับสมุดไทย [Constitutions on traditional Thai books] (PDF). Secretariat of the House of Representatives Knowledge Management Journal (in Thai) (6). Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 March 2016.
Office of the Permanent Secretary, Prime Minister's Office (2000). ครุฑ (Khrut) : Garuḍa. Thailand: Amarin Printing and Publishing Public Company, Ltd. ISBN 9747774445.
Quaritch Wales, Horace Geoffrey (1965). Ancient Siamese Government and Administration. New York: Paragon Book Reprint Corp. OCLC 880763.
Ratchathon, Phraya Anuman (1950). พระราชลัญจกรและตราประจำตัวประจำตำแหน่ง : Chronicle of Royal Emblems and Positional Seals of Thailand (Thai). Bangkok: Phra Chan Printing Press. (Available at Thai Wikisource)
Legislation[edit]
Government of Thailand (28 April 1890). "National Emblem Act (1890): พระราชบัญญัติใช้ตราแผ่นดิน รัตนโกสินทรศก ๑๐๘ (Thai)" (PDF). www.ratchakitcha.soc.go.th. Retrieved 14 June 2012.
Government of Thailand (4 October 1904). "State Seal Act (1904) : พระราชบัญญัติพระราชลัญจกร รัตนโกสินทรศก ๑๒๒ (Thai)" (PDF). www.ratchakitcha.soc.go.th. Retrieved 14 June 2012.
Government of Thailand (5 November 1911). "'State Seal Act (1911): พระราชบัญญัติพระราชลัญจกร รัตนโกสินทรศก ๑๓๐ (Thai)" (PDF). www.ratchakitcha.soc.go.th. Retrieved 14 June 2012.
Government of Thailand (15 November 1991). "Garuda Emblem Act (1991): พระราชบัญญัติเครื่องหมายครุฑพ่าห์ พ.ศ. ๒๕๓๔ (Thai)" (PDF). www.ratchakitcha.soc.go.th. Retrieved 14 June 2012.
Government of Thailand (14 February 1992). "Garuda Emblem Act (Part 2) (1992): พระราชบัญญัติเครื่องหมายครุฑพ่าห์ พ.ศ. ๒๕๓๔ (ฉบับที่ ๒) พ.ศ. ๒๕๓๕ (Thai)" (PDF). www.ratchakitcha.soc.go.th. Retrieved 14 June 2012.
Government of Thailand (30 October 2001). "Prime Minister Office's Regulation on the use of the Garuda Emblem in the Government (2001): ระเบียบสำนักนายกรัฐมนตรี ว่าด้วยการทำหรือใช้เครื่องหมายครุฑพ่าห์ในราชการ พ.ศ. ๒๕๔๔ (Thai)" (PDF). www.ratchakitcha.soc.go.th. Retrieved 14 June 2012.
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text:
Open Earth
Open Earth Paperback
By Sarah Mirk
1 copy in stock
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A heartfelt, positive, and erotic look at one woman's adventure in love and sex, as a new generation learns to make their own rules and follow their own hearts aboard an orbiting space station.
Rigo is a young woman of her time: specifically, the time just after the collapse of Earth. After living her whole life on a small space station orbiting the planet, the cultural norms and rules of her Californian parents are just history to her. In between work shifts at the station air farm, Rigo explores her own desires, developing openly polyamorous relationships with her friends and crewmates. When she starts to feel one of those relationships change, however, Rigo must balance her new feelings with the stability of her other relationships, as well as the hard-earned camaraderie of a small crew floating in the vastness of space. But, as the ship motto goes, "Honesty keeps us alive."
Loved by our collective!
A sexy new collabs from author Sarah Mirk and artists Eva Cabrera and Claudia Aguirre, "Open Earth" is one third latinx coming of age story, one third sci-fi space drama, and one third non-monogamy teaching tool. If you woke up today needing a spanglish, body positive, trans-inclusive rom-com graphic novel... this one's for you! (And maybe, like me, you didn't know you needed such a thing until this very moment, but that's OK, welcome to the party!)
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Oni Press (9/25/18)
Smut Peddler: 2014 Edition: A Superior Pornucopia for Classy Dames (and the Forward-Thinking Gentleman)
By Johanna Draper Carlson
By Amanda Lafrenais
Sunstone Volume 1
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Stories for Chip: A Tribute to Samuel R. Delany
By Bill Campbell


The full letter can be found here: COAR open letter to Elsevier.
Open access has to be promoted and not restricted like Elsevier does. It's great that COAR is taking a stand in this case and supports the boycott against Elsevier.
This is yet another exaggerated attack on Elsevier by the same people who have benefited from publishing in Elsevier and the like to reach their present academic positions. Please, be civil, stop attacking Elsevier, they are only seeking to protect their rightfully obtained copyrights. Instead, start supporting open access publishers and journals (eg. Hindawi, Bentham, MDPI…) by actually publishing your "best papers" in them and not just blogging about OA.
The matter is not as black and white as you make it.
Elsevier made specific changes, and engaged in specific actions that allow it maintain a tighter grip on scientific research, and even affect laws on its distribution. What I read above is not an aimless attack but a concerned letter in response to these specific actions taken by Elsevier. For example, I learned above that (shockingly) that if you made a few changes to you manuscript in peer review, the new Elsevier pre-print guidelines prohibit its posting on the arXiv. Because, apparently, the free work of the editor and reviewer was some Elsevier added as "value"? RMS, do you consider this a positive change?
Furthermore, perhaps your comment is tongue-in-cheek, but the Open Access Only publishers you list would get you laughed out of any academic department. Bentham is considered an "academic vanity press" and "predatory" (see the full report at http://carbon.ucdenver.edu/~jbeall/Beall's%20List%20of%20Predatory,%20Open-Access%20Publishers%202012.pdf ).
No one is trying to take away the rightfully obtained copyrights of Elsevier, it is a matter of Elsevier's business model being essentially a racket: papers are free (funded by taxpayers), editors are free, then Elsevier sells back the same work to the same researchers (the taxpayer pays again) at absurd (this is key here) prices. Meanwhile, Elsevier lobbies the lawmakers to prevent any possibility the taxpayer won't have to pay up dearly (keyword) to read the taxpayer-funded research.


Uncategorized Archives | Vixar Inc.
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The product family encompasses a number of options including: 850nm/940nm wavelength, power levels from 0.3W to 4W, multiple ceramic package sizes from 1.9mmx2.2mm to 2.8mmx3.5mm, options with or without monitor diode, and a variety of diffuser designs.
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No,no this is NOT an announcement of any sort. Although after having 7 kids anytime I call some one and say I have news or that I have been not feeling well they assume it means I am pregnant.
On Sunday we had a single friend over at our house right after Church. We were hurry to change out of our Sunday clothes before heading to a going away Open House for two families that are moving away from The Netherlands. As I was pulling the pork roast apart for the pulled pork we needed to take I was calling out instructions to all my monkeys. You know the usual "someone potty Mark, please", "grab the little kids a change of clothes and change them please", hurry please you only have as long as it takes me to finish this pork". All normal things around our place. In my mind it was the usual hustle and bustle of our family. This cute friend of ours turned to me and said "it's good to see your kids like this" to which my response was "oh talking?" because somehow I manged to have 6 shy kids and only 1 who will talk to just about anybody. Our friend said "No, calm and quiet" and I was thinking HUH?? Calm?? Then she said to me "have you seen the movie Cheaper by the Dozen? I thought your house would be like that". This has me thinking.
Do I portray a mom who is frazzled and overwhelmed? Or do I appear calm and under control? Either could probably be applied depending on when you find me on any given day. I don't really recall too many moments of truly feeling overwhelmed except those typical mom moments we all have no matter how many kids we have been blessed with in our lives. You know the ones I am talking about a kid yelling at you from the toilet to help wipe their bum, dinner on the stove needing to be stirred, a load of laundry beeping at you from the other room, someone asking for help with an algebra problem all during the witching hour after school but before dinner. We all have those moments whether we have two kids or seven.
We are all busy in our lives. We each choose how busy we want our lives to be and how we want to spend our time. So often I hear oh wow, you must be so busy if you have seven kids. I used to respond with a joke or an explanation of some sort and now my answer is just "no busier than you, I only get 24 hours in a day just like you". Because at the end of the day that's what it boils down to how did I fill my day. Am I so busy I can't take my 2 and 3 year olds to the park and watch them play in the sand for 2 hours? What do I actually have that is so pressing? I had a mom just the other day tell me she doesn't know how I attend everything at the school for my kids. I think she was looking for some magic answer from me on how to be in two places at the same time. Needless to say she seemed disappointed when I told her I don't attend everything. I learned a long time ago they will ask me to attend the things that matter to them and the rest is not important. They also have learned that in life we make choices and sometimes it is between two good options so if I choose to attend another siblings activity instead it's not because I love one of them less than the other it's just because it was more important to the other sister or brother that I be there.
SIS,you have wonder children because they have wonderful parents!!!!We miss you guys.
Great thoughts Ruth. Each of us make choices and how we spend our time. I often find myself evaluating how I spent my time each day to see if I am really that busy with important things or not. More often than not, I was "busy" with non-essential things.
Ruth, y'all are one of the most got-it-together families I know! With 7 kids OR 1!! Seriously. And I'm amazed that you have 6 shy kids… how did only one inherit that special Ruth gene?! 😉 Love ya!!!!
I know I haven't seen you in a while, but I just remember always being impressed by how organized you seemed to have everything! Excellent point about choosing what is most important. Sometimes Marcus and I freak out a little bit, because it feels like we are so busy all the time, and we only have two kids so far! And they're just little, so we know things will just be getting busier. But, like you said, we'll just have to figure out how to choose the most important things.
85% that's not too shabby right?


text:
Q: Store content offline until connection is established I am hoping for some help regarding an offline iPad application.
I have a form within the app that the user fills in, this form then links to a PHP script online. Obviously you can't run the script until you are on line. Is there any way at all of clicking the form submit button, if there is a connection it will connect to and run the PHP and if there is no connection it will automatically run the php in the background when a connection becomes available.
I have tried a number of different searches but have still been unsuccessful.
Thank you in advance!

A: It most likely is possible to solve this problem with JavaScript, but that's not so straightforward. Since you are dealing with an iOS app where it is possible to check network connection status and listen for changes, you probably should create a service that receives the form data within your app. That service should store the data locally, find out when your target server is accessible and send it.
UPDATE:
If you are dealing with a web-app, the way to go for it still to implement a service in JavaScript that uses timed events (i.e. setTimeout() or setInterval()) to check connection status. Upon submitting the form, prevent the default behaviour so the form is not submitted traditionally. Instead, store the data locally in sessionStorage or localStorage and when your service finds the target server available, read the locally stored data and send it via AJAX.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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Although it may seem like holding the driver responsible is the obvious choice when filing a truck accident claim, truck drivers rarely have enough insurance or other resources to fully compensate accident victims and their families. That's why it's critical to seek the counsel of an experienced tractor trailer accident lawyer who understands which entities or individuals may be held liable for injuries and death caused by a truck accident.
The driver's employer: Employers are liable for any damages or injuries caused by an employee who is performing duties within the scope of their employment.
Owner of the vehicle: Sometimes one person or company owns the cab of a semi-truck and another owns the trailer. Both may be liable.
A parent company: Your tractor trailer accident attorney will determine whether there is a parent company that may also be liable for your damages.
Owner of the cargo: If the truck was loaded improperly by the owner of the freight, they may be liable for your injuries.
Vehicle and parts manufacturers: If the accident was caused by a defect or malfunction of any part of the truck or other vehicles involved in the accident, a manufacturer may be liable.
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← How Thin a Line: Intentional, Negligence or Strict Liability?


text:
package org.apache.camel.processor;

import java.util.List;

import org.apache.camel.ContextTestSupport;
import org.apache.camel.Exchange;
import org.apache.camel.Processor;
import org.apache.camel.RouteNode;
import org.apache.camel.builder.RouteBuilder;
import org.apache.camel.impl.JndiRegistry;
import org.apache.camel.management.InstrumentationProcessor;
import org.apache.camel.spi.TracedRouteNodes;
import org.junit.Test;

/**
 * @version
 */
public class TraceableUnitOfWorkTest extends ContextTestSupport {

    @Test
    public void testSendingSomeMessages() throws Exception {
        Object out = template.requestBody("direct:start", "Hello London");
        assertEquals("Failed at: sendTo(bean://bar)", out);
    }

    @Override
    protected JndiRegistry createRegistry() throws Exception {
        JndiRegistry jndi = super.createRegistry();
        jndi.bind("foo", new MyFooBean());
        jndi.bind("bar", new MyBarBean());
        return jndi;
    }

    // START SNIPPET: e1
    protected RouteBuilder createRouteBuilder() throws Exception {
        return new RouteBuilder() {
            public void configure() throws Exception {
                errorHandler(deadLetterChannel("mock:error").redeliveryDelay(0).maximumRedeliveries(3));

                // must enable tracer to trace the route path taken during runtime
                context.setTracing(true);

                // let our my error processor handle all exceptions
                onException(Exception.class).handled(true).process(new MyErrorProcessor());

                // our route where an exception can be thrown from either foo or bar bean
                // so we have enable tracing so we can check it at runtime to get the actual
                // node path taken
                from("direct:start").to("bean:foo").to("bean:bar");
            }
        };
    }
    // END SNIPPET: e1

    // START SNIPPET: e2
    private static class MyErrorProcessor implements Processor {
        public void process(Exchange exchange) throws Exception {
            TracedRouteNodes traced = exchange.getUnitOfWork().getTracedRouteNodes();

            // get the list of intercepted nodes
            List<RouteNode> list = traced.getNodes();
            // get the 3rd last as its the bean
            Processor last = list.get(list.size() - 3).getProcessor();

            // wrapped by JMX
            if (last instanceof InstrumentationProcessor) {
                InstrumentationProcessor ip = (InstrumentationProcessor) last;
                last = ip.getProcessor();
            }

            // set error message
            exchange.getOut().setFault(true);
            exchange.getOut().setBody("Failed at: " + last.toString());
        }

        public String toString() {
            return "MyErrorProcessor";
        }
    }
    // END SNIPPET: e2

    public class MyFooBean {
        public void process(Exchange exchange) throws Exception {
            exchange.getOut().setBody("Foo okay");
        }
    }

    public class MyBarBean {
        public void process(Exchange exchange) throws Exception {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Damm Bar");
        }
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
L'estrazione testicolare dello sperma (o in inglese testicular sperm extraction) (TESE) è una procedura medica che consiste nel prelievo di una piccola porzione di tessuto dal testicolo, in anestesia locale, per estrarre le poche cellule spermatiche vitali presenti allo scopo di compiere una iniezione intracitoplasmatica dello spermatozoo (ICSI). L'estrazione testicolare dello sperma viene prescritta agli uomini che non hanno un numero misurabile di spermatozoi durante l'eiaculazione (azoospermia) per via, ad esempio, di insufficienza testicolare primaria, dell'assenza congenita dei vasi deferenti o in seguito a una vasectomia.

Questa procedura chirurgica recupera lo sperma dall'interno dei testicoli se non è stato trovato sperma nell'eiaculato. Le biopsie spermatiche o testicolari vengono congelate per un uso successivo e l'ICSI viene utilizzata per la fecondazione. In caso di cancro ai testicoli, il recupero dello sperma può essere eseguito contemporaneamente all'intervento chirurgico.

In caso di azoospermia ostruttiva consente un recupero ottimale dello sperma, adatto anche alla crioconservazione con minima perdita di parenchima. La procedura è raccomandata anche in caso di azoospermia non ostruttiva.

L'iniezione intracitoplasmatica dello spermatozoo (ICSI) e l'estrazione testicolare dello sperma (TESE) hanno ridotto la necessità di donatori di seme.

Note

Procreazione assistita

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
China's peaceful rise
Title: China's peaceful rise
Subject: Foreign relations of China, China containment policy, Anti-Chinese sentiment in the United States, New security concept, Political psychological rationalization
"China's peaceful rise" (simplified Chinese: 中国和平崛起; traditional Chinese: 中國和平崛起; pinyin: Zhōngguó hépíng juéqǐ) or sometimes referred to as China's "peaceful development" was an official policy in China under the leadership of Hu Jintao.[1] The term was implemented to rebut against the "China threat theory" As China emerged as a great political, economic and military power, China wanted to assure other countries that its rise will not be a threat to peace and security. China implements this policy by internally harmonizing China's society and externally, promoting a peaceful international environment. It seeks to characterize China as a responsible world leader, emphasizes soft power, and vows that China is committed to its own internal issues and improving the welfare of its own people before interfering with world affairs. The term suggests that China seeks to avoid unnecessary international confrontation.
The term proved controversial because the word 'rise' could fuel perceptions that China is a threat to the established order, so since 2004 the term China's peaceful development (simplified Chinese: 中国和平发展; traditional Chinese: 中國和平發展; pinyin: Zhōngguó hépíng fāzhǎn) has been used by the Chinese leadership.
1 Origins
2 Main principle
3 Sino-American relations
4 Taiwan
5 Peaceful development road
Many of the ideas behind the effort to promote the concept of the peaceful rise of the PRC came from the new security concept, which was formulated by think tanks in the PRC in the mid-1990s.
The term itself was used in a speech given by the former Vice Principal of the Central Party School, Zheng Bijian, in late 2003 during the Boao Forum for Asia [2][1]. It was then reiterated by PRC premier Wen Jiabao in an ASEAN meeting as well as during his visit to the United States. It appears to be one of the first initiatives by the fourth generation of the leadership of the PRC, headed by Hu Jintao and Wen Jiabao.
In Zheng's speech he pointed out that in the past, a rise of a new power often resulted in drastic changes to global political structures, and even war (i.e. the hegemonic stability theory in international relations). He believed that this was because these powers "chose the road of aggression and expansion, which will ultimately fail." Zheng stated that in today's new world, the PRC should instead develop peaceably, and in turn help to maintain a peaceful international environment.
However, the term proved controversial among the Chinese leadership, in part because some officials thought use of the word 'rise' could fuel perceptions that China is a threat to the established order. At the 2004 session of the Boao Forum, Hu Jintao, Chinese president, used instead the phrase China's peaceful development. 'Peaceful development' has since been the definition generally used by senior officials, with 'peaceful rise' rarely heard.[3]
Main principle
The term is used primarily to reassure the nations of Asia and the United States that the rise of the PRC in military and economic prominence will not pose a threat to peace and stability, and that other nations will benefit from PRC's rising power and influence.
The doctrine emphasizes the importance of soft power and is based in part on the premise that good relations with its neighbors will enhance rather than diminish the comprehensive national power of the PRC. Part of this doctrine dictates that the PRC will avoid neo-mercantilism and protectionism.
In diplomacy, the doctrine calls for less assertiveness in border disputes such as those concerning the Spratly Islands, Diaoyu Islands, and South Tibet. China still has difficult relations with Japan and continues a military modernization program.[4]
Sino-American relations
The end of the Jiang Zemin presidency marked a turning point in Sino-American relations. A pattern of cooperative coexistence became the new normal. "The United States and China perceived that they needed each other because both were too large to be dominated, too special to be transformed, and too necessary to each other to be able to afford isolation."[5] President Hu Jintao and Premier Wen Jiabao brought a perspective that was unprecedented in the management of China's development and in defining its role in the world. They represented the first crop of Chinese leaders with no personal experience with the Cultural Revolution and the first to assume power in a China that unambiguously was emerging as a great power. "Coming to power during a long period of sustained domestic growth and in the wake of China's entry into the international economic order, they assumed the helm of a China undeniably "arriving" as a world power, with interests in every corner of the globe."[5]
According to Henry Kissinger in his book On China, Zheng Bijian provided the "quasi-official" policy statement for China in a 2005 Foreign Affairs article.[5] Zheng promised that China had adopted a "strategy…to transcend the traditional ways for great powers to emerge." China sought a "new international political and economic order," but it was "one that can be achieved through incremental reforms and the democratization of international relations." China would "not follow the path of Germany leading up to World War I or those of Germany and Japan leading up to World War II, when these countries violently plundered resources and pursued hegemony. Neither will China follow the path of the great powers vying for global domination during the Cold War."[6]
Washington responded by describing China as a "responsible stakeholder" in the international system. In a 2005 speech at the National Committee on United States—China Relations, Robert Zoellick, then Deputy Secretary of State, put forward the American response to Zheng's article, which "amounted to an invitation to China to become a privileged member, and shaper, of the international system."[5] Nonetheless, Amitai Etzioni of the Institute for Communitarian Policy Studies has frequently expressed concern that the United States' actions, in particular its development of AirSea Battle, belie its stated goals of cooperation with China, and that the two countries must deliberately retreat from what he views as a potential "collision course."[7]
State Councilor Dai Bingguo argues that China's development is not some trick[5] where it "hides its brightness and bides its time," or a naïve delusion that forfeits China's advantages.[8] "Persisting with taking the path of peaceful development is not the product of a subjective imagination or of some kind of calculations. Rather, it is the result of our profound recognition that both the world today and China today have undergone tremendous changes as well as that China's relations with the world today have also undergone great changes; hence it is necessary to make the best of the situation and adapt to the changes."[8]
Dai rejects arguments that claim China will seek to dominate Asia or to displace the United States as the worlds preeminent power as "pure myths" that contradict China's historical record and its current policies. He includes a striking invitation for the world to "supervise" China to confirm it would never seek hegemony: "Comrade Deng Xiaoping once stated: If one day China should seek to claim hegemony in the world, then the people of the world should expose, oppose and even fight against it. On this point, the international community can supervise us."[8]
The PRC policy toward Taiwan is since 2005 determined by the Anti-Secession Law, which states that Taiwan should be united with mainland China, preferably by peaceful means, but in case Taiwan should formally declare independence or refuse to submit, the PRC will use force.[9]
Peaceful development road
The State Council of the People's Republic of China issued a white paper in 2005 defining the China's peaceful development strategy in theory and in practice. It has five chapters:
China is the largest developing country, and economic development according to globalization is China's main goal. China seeks a multipolar world rather than hegemony, and seeks relations with other countries based on the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence.[10]
A peaceful international environment is essential for China's development. China's development is a major part of global development, as China has factored in world gains in poverty reduction, and strives to reduce its energy consumption. China's growth has lessened the effects of the Late-2000s recession.[10]
China will develop according to science. It will develop its domestic market and pave a new path to industrialization that is cleaner, and makes more use of information technology and innovation by exploiting its human capital through education.[10]
China will remain regional integration through institutions like the China-ASEAN Free Trade Area. It will address trade and exchange rate conflicts on an equal footing with other countries. China will invest abroad and maintain its large labor force and exports for use abroad.[10]
China will promote "democracy in international relations"; with countries interacting on an equal footing through dialog and multilateralism and not coercion. China will promote the full participation of developing countries in international affairs, and also help them develop themselves. There should be trust and not a "cold war mentality", and arms control and nuclear disarmament should be pursued. China will resolve its remaining border disputes peacefully.[10]
2001 Sino-Russian Treaty of Friendship
Boao Forum for Asia
Chinese Century
Foreign relations of the People's Republic of China
Great divergence
Military budget of the People's Republic of China
Political status of Taiwan
Potential superpowers
Quadrilateral Security Dialogue
The Rise of the Great Powers
^ Guo, Sujian (2007). China Journal. The University of Chicago Press. pp. 228–230.
^ PAN Chengxin (2009): "'Peaceful Rise and China's new international contract: the state in change in transnational society", in CHELAN LI, Linda: "The Chinese State in Transition, Processes and contests in local China", Routledge Studies on China in Transition, p. 129.
^ China's Peaceful Rise in the 21st Century: Domestic and International Conditions, Edited by Sujian Guo (Ashgate Publishing, August 2006)
^ http://www.cfr.org/publication/10446/
^ a b c d e Kissinger, Henry (2011). On China. New York: The Penguin Press. p. 487.
^ Bijian, Zheng (September–October 2005). "China's 'Peaceful Rise' to Great-Power Status". Foreign Affairs 84 (5): 22.
^ Amitai Etzioni, "China and the U.S.: Whose Strategic Mistake?" The Diplomat, June 6, 2014 [2].
^ a b c Bingguo, Dai (6 December 2010). "Persisting with Taking the Path of Peaceful Development". Beijing: Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People's Republic of China.
^ Full text of Anti-Secession Law "Article 8 In the event that the 'Taiwan independence' secessionist forces should act under any name or by any means to cause the fact of Taiwan's secession from China, or that major incidents entailing Taiwan's secession from China should occur, or that possibilities for a peaceful reunification should be completely exhausted, the state shall employ non-peaceful means and other necessary measures to protect China's sovereignty and territorial integrity."
^ a b c d e "Full Text: China's Peaceful Development Road".
Fengbo Zhang: Speech at "Future China Global Forum 2010": China Rising with the Reform and Open Policy
Full Text: China's Peaceful Development Road
China on the World Stage from the Dean Peter Krogh Foreign Affairs Digital Archives
Background Q&A: The Promise and Pitfalls of China's "Peaceful Rise" by the Council on Foreign Relations
China's Peaceful Development Doctrine by Shulong Chu and Xiao Ren (NBR Project Report, October 2009)
Assessing Regional Reactions to China's Peaceful Development Doctrine by Carlyle A. Thayer, Jae Ho Chung and Brahma Chellaney (NBR Analysis, April 2008)
Essay: "The Middle Kingdom: The Reinstatement of a Revisionist Great Power" by Aron Patrick
Robert L. Suettinger "The Rise and Descent of "Peaceful Rise" Hoover Institution China Leadership Monitor #12 [3]
[4], Tony Corn, "Peaceful Rise through Unrestricted Warfare: Grand Strategy with Chinese Characteristics," Small Wars Journal, June 2010.
Foreign relations of China
Russia (Main Landmark)
Russia (Western Only)
China–Japan–South Korea
Diplomatic missions of / in China
Stadium diplomacy
Panda diplomacy
Theaters built as aid
Articles containing simplified Chinese-language text
Articles containing traditional Chinese-language text
Foreign policy doctrines
Geopolitical rivalry
Wade–Giles, Standard Chinese, Tongyong Pinyin, Wu Chinese, Aspirated consonant
Samsung Electronics, Fujitsu, Ibm, Sony, Electronics
Simplified Chinese characters
Unicode, Pinyin, Chinese language, Singapore, Kanji
Xi Jinping, Communist Party of China, Jiang Zemin, Deng Xiaoping, Wen Jiabao
China, Taiwan, Vietnam, Russia, Soviet Union
China containment policy
Cold War, South Korea, India–United States relations, Africa, Central Asia
Anti-Chinese sentiment in the United States
Chinese American, China, Culture, Barack Obama, Cold War
New security concept
Cold War, Russia, United States, Security policy, People's Republic of China
Political psychological rationalization
Rhetoric, Cold War, Propaganda, Cognitive dissonance, Gulf of Tonkin


Mr Baines loves the Christmas season so has decided to share his excitement with you all and offer half price new patient consultations throughout December. A full consultation will include a thorough dental examination, X-rays and a routine scale and polish (so your teeth can be as shiny and as sparkly as your Christmas tree), all for £40 and all in time for Christmas! There is also Zoom whitening appointments available in time for your Christmas parties. To book in, please call us on 01253 392685 & quote "Xmas16".


Since the summer of 1986, Hackberry has offered the finest in golf, tennis, swimming and social activities.
Whether entertaining clients or spending the afternoon with the family and friends, enjoy an 18-hole Championship Golf Course designed by the legendary Byron Nelson, an impressive tennis facility featuring 12 lighted courts, 10 hard court surfaces and two Har-Tru clay surfaces, and a family aquatics center complete with a 25-meter swimming pool and two junior pools.
From casual to formal, private or group, dining at Hackberry Creek Country Club offers the finest in all occasions.
Contact us now to find out more about Hackberry Creek Country Club.


Schiermonnikoogfestival organizes a series masterclasses twice a year. During the Festival for Young Talent in March masterclasses are given by Jan Wijn (piano), Philippe Graffin (violin), Nobuko Imai (viola), Jeroen Reuling (cello) and Gary Hoffman (chamber music). During the International Chamber Music Festival in October Jard van Nes and Craig White (piano) give a masterclass voice.


Goodson Associates is committed to the continual development of its I.T. system and an ongoing programme of training for its staff to ensure that it remains fully conversant with this constantly changing sector of the industry.
All of our drawing production is carried out using AutoCAD, the industry standard drafting tool. Our structural drawings are developed using Autodesk Revit Structure, a 3D modelling software which can be combined with the architect's and M & E engineer's models to enable BIM (Building Information Modelling). Our drafting systems also support additional software packages such as Autodesk Multisuite which permits the direct detailing and scheduling of reinforced concrete.
Our civils designs and drawings are carried out using Autocad Civils 3D. This allows us to develop the design in 3d. This includes roads and earthworks for a proposed development, site levelling, carparking or high level site appraisal. The drainage design is integrated with AutoCAD Civils 3D using the Microdrainage drainage design software package.
Our engineering staff use the latest versions of structural analysis programmes such as CSC Fastrak, Portal Frame, Multi-storey Building and S-Frame to enable the efficient design of structural elements or entire frames in concrete, structural steel or other common construction materials.


text:
Hylaeus aborigensis — вид одиночных пчёл рода Hylaeus из семейства Colletidae.

Распространение
Япония, Сибирь и Дальний Восток России: Тува, Амурская область, Якутия, Магадан, Приморский край, Сахалин и Курильские острова.

Описание
Мелкие одиночные почти неопушенные пчёлы, длина около 6 мм; тело в основном чёрного цвета с белым или жёлтым рисунком на голове, груди и ногах. Отличаются следующими признаками: голова спереди трапециевидная, снизу значительно суженная; вертекс выпуклый; мезонотум выпуклый; проподеум сетчато-морщинистый. Биология малоисследована. Предположительно, как и близкие виды, гнездятся в сухих ветвях, пыльцу переносят в зобике, так как не имеют специального пыльцесобирательного аппарата.

Примечания

Литература

Ссылки
 Hylaeus aborigensis — Catalogue of Life
 Hylaeus aborigensis — Animal Diversity
 Hylaeus aborigensis — Eol.org

Коллетиды
Животные, описанные в 1994 году
Насекомые Евразии


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