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50 Years of the Rescue Agreement
3 December 2018 marks the 50th anniversary of the entry into force of the 'Agreement on the Rescue of Astronauts, the Return of Astronauts and the Return of Objects Launched into Outer Space.' Given the changes in the space sector over this half century it is sensible to take stock and assess the continued appropriateness this treaty. While considering the provisions of the 'Rescue Agreement'[1] it is also necessary to examine Article V of the Outer Space Treaty (OST)[2] and the concept of 'astronaut' found within it. This post will also look at the implications of commercial human spaceflight and longer-term implications of endeavours such as the settlement and colonisation of 'outer space, the Moon and other celestial bodies.'
The Rescue Agreement
The Rescue Agreement is the second of the five main United Nations space treaties and entered into force just over a year after the Outer Space Treaty. It expands upon the provisions of Article V of the Outer Space Treaty which requires that States render assistance to astronauts in distress whether they are in space or the surface of the Earth. Neither the Outer Space Treaty nor the Rescue Agreement provide a definition of the term 'astronaut', in fact, the Rescue Agreement prefers to use the phrase 'personnel of a spacecraft', although it also fails to define that phrase. Furthermore, the Rescue Agreement does not include the phrase 'envoys of mankind,' that is only found in Article V of the Outer Space Treaty. While it may be frustrating for there to be a lack of definitions of these key terms in the Outer Space Treaty and the Rescue Agreement it does allow for flexibility in the application of the treaties as it avoids the issue of too precise a definition not being able to take into account future developments (such as payload specialists, a role 'invented' for the US Space Shuttle). It is also worth noting that the Rescue Agreement includes provisions for the return of space objects, and it is these provisions, not the provisions requiring assistance to astronauts, which have been utilized.[3] The exact relationship between the Rescue Agreement and Article V OST is unclear; however, as a general rule of international law the later treaty prevails in case of an inconsistency.[4]
Return Agreement
While often abbreviated as the Rescue Agreement or the Astronauts Agreement the treaty also covers the return of space objects. While the provisions relating to the rescue or assistance of astronauts in distress have never been used, the provisions regarding the return of space objects have been utilized on several occasions.[5] The key difference with the return of space objects as opposed to the rescue of astronauts is that the State that serves as the launching authority is required to cover the expenses incurred in fulfilling the obligations under Article 5 of the Rescue Agreement. As is the case with all of the space treaties, non-governmental space activity is not really dealt with by the treaty itself. However, given that States have an obligation under Article VI of the Outer Space Treaty to supervise the space activities conducted by their nationals and they retain 'jurisdiction and control' over the space objects launched by private operators[6] it follows that non-governmental space objects can also enjoy the rights afforded by Article V of the Rescue Agreement. However, it would seem sensible for States to require compensation by the private parties for the restitution they have to afford to the State who undertakes the return of the space object, but that is a matter for national legislation, not international law.
'Astronaut' and 'Personnel of a Spacecraft'
Neither the Outer Space Treaty nor the Rescue Agreement define the term 'astronaut,' and indeed the Rescue Agreement uses the term 'personnel of a spacecraft' instead, which is also not explicitly defined. Owing to the lack of definition provided by the treaties themselves, Article 31 of the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties requires that treaty terms "be interpreted in good faith in accordance with their ordinary meaning" in line with the object and purpose of the treaty. Therefore, in considering the meaning of the terms 'astronaut' and 'personnel of a spacecraft' it is sensible to look at the dictionary definitions of those terms as well as their use in other areas of similar activity, the general understanding of those terms, and their use in legislation and international agreements. Furthermore, while the Cologne Commentary regards the terms 'personnel of a spacecraft' and 'astronaut' as being virtually identical,[7] and it is reasonable to do so, it is worth examining whether there is indeed any difference, and if so, what might that be and what might that mean.
As for dictionary definitions, at the very least a guide to the 'ordinary meaning' of terms, the Concise Oxford English Dictionary defines 'astronaut' as a 'person trained to travel in a spacecraft'[8] and 'personnel' as 'people employed in an organization or engaged in an organized undertaking'[9] A good faith interpretation of these terms "in accordance with their ordinary meaning" could therefore suggest that they are referring to 'crew' i.e. persons who have official duties and responsibilities involved with the operation of the vehicle. This would exclude persons such as 'space tourists' and 'passengers.' Therefore, it would be reasonable to take the view that the terms 'astronaut' and 'personnel of a spacecraft' "may thus be understood to cover all persons who undertake an activity on board a spacecraft which is relevant to the accomplishment of the mission."[10]
The issue of humans in space who are not 'crew' was not really considered at time of the drafting of the Rescue Agreement. The Skylab agreement was the first time it was considered, and this was for scientific personnel aboard the US Space Shuttle. The International Space Station governance agreements also have provisions for non-crew, including 'private persons' such as 'space tourist' Dennis Tito, under the 'spaceflight participant' title. They are not 'crew' members in the strictest sense although they do receive formal training but it does make a distinction between them and 'passengers' who wouldn't expect much more than a standard aviation safety briefing.[11]
The term 'personnel of spacecraft' also appears in the Moon Agreement.[12] Its use in the Moon Agreement is "broad and encompasses any human being, whether professional or private person who has landed on the Moon."[13] The term 'personnel' is also used in Article VIII of the Outer Space Treaty and its use here and throughout the various space treaties could provide support for taking the broader definition for the terms 'astronaut' and 'personnel of a spacecraft'.[14]
It is worth looking beyond the confines of space law to analogous regimes. Air law, for example, divides persons into two categories: crew and passengers. Crew are licenced professionals subject to strict regulation. Air law also allows for a distinction between the commander and the rest of the crew. Passengers, by contrast, are afforded protections by the relevant rules regarding transport of passengers and have no operational or mission duties, or responsibilities.[15] While international space law does not create any kind of distinction between persons on board a space object, national legislation does as do instruments like the ISS governance agreements. The Soviets had three categories of persons aboard a space object: commander, flight engineer and researcher. The US space programme has commander, pilot, mission specialist and payload specialist[16] and their legislation of 2004 codified the term 'spaceflight participant'[17] although that term had been coined earlier.[18] However, all of these people have had a mission and tasks. Even in the case of 'space tourists' like Tito their flights have been on board governmentally operated, controlled, and owned space objects. Commercial human spaceflight will introduce novel issues especially relating to 'passengers' and 'tourists.'
Commercial Spaceflight
Commercial spaceflight raises several potential issues. The first issue already briefly touched upon above is the applicability of Article 5 of the Rescue Agreement to non-governmental space objects. However, the main bulk of the issue focuses on the applicability of the term 'astronaut' and 'personnel of a spacecraft' to those undertaking private and/or commercial human spaceflight as well as the suitability of either concept and the Rescue Agreement itself in the long-term consideration of human activity in outer space, specifically colonization efforts. The question of the definition of an astronaut and its applicability to non-governmental spacefarers essentially breaks down into two issues. First, does the term apply to non-governmental spacefarers and second, should it and more to the point should it apply to them all.
To deal with the first point it is worth reconsidering the discussion above. While the 'ordinary meaning' of the term 'astronaut' does imply a 'trained' 'crew member' it is also necessary to bear in mind the 'object and purpose' of the treaties, which in the case of the Outer Space Treaty is, based on the preamble and its provisions, at least partly, to facilitate the exploration and use of outer space in the common interests of humanity and for the benefit of all peoples and for the Rescue Agreement is to promote international cooperation prompted by sentiments of humanity. Therefore, there is surely a strong case to be made that all spacefarers should be entitled to the general protection and assistance afforded by Article V of the Outer Space Treaty and the Rescue Agreement. Furthermore, while the practice so far has been limited, private spacefarers have been treated as 'astronauts' by international space law even if national legislation or intergovernmental agreements have classified them as 'spaceflight participants', not that this has been tested with regards to the provisions of Article V of the Outer Space Treaty or the Rescue Agreement. As for whether or not private spaceflight was foreseen or foreseeable in 1968 it is worth considering that in the film 2001, released that year, Dr Floyd was transported to the space station in Earth orbit aboard a Pan Am spaceplane. Finally, it seems hard to believe that any State, party to the Rescue Agreement or not, would refuse to render assistance to a private spacefarer if it was within their capability to do so.
The Future of the Rescue Agreement
There is little to take exception to in either the Rescue Agreement or Article V of the Outer Space Treaty. Both generally conform with basic understandings of humanitarianism towards those in peril. Nonetheless it is worth considering that the Rescue Agreement (and Article V of the Outer Space Treaty) is now fifty years old and was drafted at a time when all astronauts were highly trained government employees, therefore a re-evaluation of the specific provisions may be warranted. Furthermore, the provisions relating to astronauts have never been 'tested.' The Rescue Agreement reflects the technology and practice of its time and things have developed, particularly given the impending prospect of private human spaceflight; however, the fundamental principles are sound and remain valid. That said there is a "need for additional appropriate legal rules" to be developed.[19] How exactly to do this is an open question, but it is a pressing concern, whether it is SpaceX, Blue Origin, Virgin Galactic, or someone else commercial human spaceflight is on the verge of becoming a reality. If no proactive action is taken custom will establish norms, although that is not necessarily bad.
Article 8 of the Rescue Agreement allows for any State Party to propose amendments and they shall enter into force when a majority of State Parties accept the amendment, therefore amendment is something that should perhaps be seriously considered, especially as there is no provision for the reimbursement of expenses accrued during the 'rescue' or 'assistance' of 'astronauts' in distress. Which is reasonable enough for government/scientific endeavours but is not necessarily reasonable for private, commercial endeavours (the insurance industry exists for a reason…) At the very least a 'code of conduct' should be considered, indeed a 'soft law' approach may be the most appropriate.[20] Alternatively, a new treaty may be appropriate especially if it is part of a wider effort to develop a 'space traffic management' regime, although that's unlikely to happen as treaties have somewhat gone out of fashion, especially big multilateral treaties like the existing space treaties. However, as has been noted above none of the provisions of the Rescue Agreement are particularly onerous, especially given the prevalence of general humanitarian sentiments, and as 'envoys of mankind' is a largely symbolic phrase, it perhaps does not matter if tourists, asteroid miners and settlers get to enjoy the 'honour' of those terms. Given that there are more pressing issue for the Legal Subcommittee of the United Nations Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space, and the space law community in general, to deal with perhaps letting developments in customary international law 'deal' with the ambiguities in the definitions is the best approach.
The opinions expressed in these blogs posts are those of the author and do not represent the views of the Centre for a Spacefaring Civilization or anyone else.
[1]Agreement on the Rescue of Astronauts, the Return of Astronauts and the Return of Objects Launched into Outer Space (adopted 22 April 1968, entered into force 3 December 1968) 672 UNTS 119 (Rescue Agreement/ARRA)
[2]Treaty on Principles Governing the Activities of States in the Exploration and Use of Outer Space, Including the Moon and Other Celestial Bodies (adopted 27 January 1967, entered into force 10 October 1967) 610 UNTS 205 (Outer Space Treaty/OST)
[3]Irmgard Marboe, Julia Neumann, Kai-Uwe Schrogl, 'The 1968 Agreement on the Rescue of Astronauts, the Return of Astronauts and the Return of Objects Launched into Outer Space" in Stephan Hobe, Bernhard Schmidt-Tedd, Kai-Uwe Schrogl and Peter Stubbe (eds.), Cologne Commentary on Space Law, vol 2 (1st edn, Carl Heymanns Verlag 2013), 10, 15
[4]Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties (adopted 23 May 1969, entered into force 27 January 1980) 1155 UNTS 332 (VCLT), Art 30
[6]Article VIII Outer Space Treaty
[7]Irmgard Marboe, Julia Neumann, Kai-Uwe Schrogl, 'The 1968 Agreement on the Rescue of Astronauts, the Return of Astronauts and the Return of Objects Launched into Outer Space" in Stephan Hobe, Bernhard Schmidt-Tedd, Kai-Uwe Schrogl and Peter Stubbe (eds.), Cologne Commentary on Space Law, vol 2 (1st edn, Carl Heymanns Verlag 2013), 35
[8]Concise Oxford English Dictionary (12th edn, 2011) 81
[9]Ibid 1071
[10]Irmgard Marboe, Julia Neumann, Kai-Uwe Schrogl, 'The 1968 Agreement on the Rescue of Astronauts, the Return of Astronauts and the Return of Objects Launched into Outer Space" in Stephan Hobe, Bernhard Schmidt-Tedd, Kai-Uwe Schrogl and Peter Stubbe (eds.), Cologne Commentary on Space Law, vol 2 (1st edn, Carl Heymanns Verlag 2013), 42
[11]Stephan Hobe, 'Space Tourism as a Challenge to the Astronaut Concept'in Gabriel Lafferranderie, and Sergio Marchisio (eds.), The Astronauts and Rescue Agreement: Lessons Learned (European Centre for Space Law 2011), 77-80
[12]Agreement Governing the Activities of States on the Moon and Other Celestial Bodies (adopted 18 December 1979, entered into force 11 July 1984) 1363 UNTS 3 (Moon Agreement/MA)
[13]Irmgard Marboe, Julia Neumann, Kai-Uwe Schrogl, 'The 1968 Agreement on the Rescue of Astronauts, the Return of Astronauts and the Return of Objects Launched into Outer Space" in Stephan Hobe, Bernhard Schmidt-Tedd, Kai-Uwe Schrogl and Peter Stubbe (eds.), Cologne Commentary on Space Law, vol 2 (1st edn, Carl Heymanns Verlag 2013), 35-36
[14]Ibid, 43
[15]Gabriella Catalano Sgrosso, 'Legal Status, Rights and Obligations of the Crew in Space' (1998) 26 J. Space L. 163, 164-165
[16]Ibid, 167-169
[17]Commercial Space Launch Amendments Act, 49 U.S.C §70101 (2004)
[18]Frans G. von der Dunk 'A Sleeping Beauty Awakens: The 1968 Rescue Agreement After Forty Years' (2008) 34 J. Space L. 411, 432-433
[19]Vladimir Kopal, 'The 1968 Rescue Agreement History of Negotiations and Their Outcome' in Gabriel Lafferranderie, and Sergio Marchisio (eds.), The Astronauts and Rescue Agreement: Lessons Learned (European Centre for Space Law 2011), 120-121
[20]Setsuko Aoki, 'The Function of 'Soft Law' in the Development of International Space Law', in Irmgard Marboe (eds), Soft Law in Outer Space: The Function of Non-binding Norms in International Space Law (Boehlau Verlag 2012), (57-85)
What's the Value of Space?
The Value of Science in Space Exploration by James S.J. Schwartz (Oxford University Press 2020) Dark Skies: Space Expansionism, Planetary Geopolitics, and the Ends of Humanity by Daniel Deudney (Oxfor
Yuri's Night
What does a spacefaring civilisation mean to me?
Dallas (2020) defines spacefaring nations as those who can independently build and launch spacecrafts, and whose citizens gain the benefits of space infrastructure, such as agriculture, disaster manag
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ANCHORAGE—Less than 24 hours after polls closed, House Republicans have announced a new 21-member majority caucus with Healy Republican Rep. Dave Talerico at the helm as Speaker of the House.
With at least two seats gained by Republicans in Tuesday's election, House Republicans were eager to stake their claim on the 40-member Alaska House even though one of the 21 members has not yet secured his election.
In addition to Talerico, the House Finance Committee will be co-chaired by Reps. Tammie Wilson, R-North Pole, and Lance Pruitt, R-Anchorage. The House Rules Committee will be chaired by Rep. Cathy Tilton, R-Wasilla, and Anchorage Republican Rep. Chuck Kopp will serve as House Majority Leader.
No other announcements were made for positions, and Talerico declined to give much specifics when it comes to the Republican majority's policy priorities.
"We're a caucus in construction," said the former mayor of the Denali Borough.
When asked about the permanent fund dividend, a core platform of Republican Gov.-elect Mike Dunleavy, there was a notable silence. Dunleavy has promised not only restoring the PFD to the previous full formula (which was formally reduced by the Legislature earlier this year), but also returning the previous dividends that were vetoed or reduced by the Legislature.
When asked specifically about Dunleavy's promise to repay the dividend—which when combined with the anticipated full 2019 PFD comes to about a $6,700 per person payout totaling a $4.3 billion spend according to figures floating around near the end of the race—Talerico also punted.
The group took only a handful of other questions before Wilson, who took a strong role in the news conference, called it to a wrap.
Though the only unifying trait of the 21-member caucus was their Republican party affiliation, not all Republicans were present at the meeting.
Reps. Louise Stutes and Gabrielle LeDoux were not present. Those two caucused with the bipartisan coalition and drew ire from the Alaska Republican Party, which particularly zeroed in on LeDoux. Talerico said he had extended an invitation to the meeting to Stutes, but said he did not extend any similar invitation to LeDoux.
Rep. David Eastman, the far-right Wasilla Republican who among other things was censured in a truly bipartisan vote for suggesting that women in rural Alaska get pregnant so they can get government-funded trips to cities to go on shopping sprees, was not also not present, but Talerico said he was part of the caucus.
The only problem is that one of those members hasn't yet secured his election. Fairbanks Republican Bart LeBon is the 21st member of the organization but is currently only up by 79 votes with absentee and question ballots remaining (that's likely why Stutes, who didn't take on a particularly significant role in the bipartisan coalition, got the invite).
That very issue was seized upon by current House Speaker Bryce Edgmon, D-Dillingham, in a statement released shortly after the Republican announcement.
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Who loves being cold?? Absolutely no one. What I love about this look is that it has great details and lots of textures. The buttons on the pants compliment the eyelit holes in the sweater, while the tassels play off nicely on the bracelet. The suedes also compliment each other. Super cozy!
I love wearing white/ivory/cream in the winter time. It feels fresh and whimsical. Taking classic summer pieces and working them into a winter wardrobe is easier than it seems.
For these pants I wanted to go dark and cozy on top, layering a charcoal grey wool sweater with the scarf created a really nice textured look that was season appropriate.
To make an awesome outfit remember things like the texture (does it have things like tassels, is it woven, have special details etc.), or color scheme, patterns, think about unlikely pieces that "go" together. A flight jacket, pencil skirt and cute booties make a great outfit, though you wouldn't classically think to put them together.
I put a look together for an occasion where you may have to look a little classier but still a little relaxed. I'm totally obsessed with this cropped metallic knit tank, it gives the whole look a hollywood vibe when you pair it with these classic high waisted trousers and the vintage esq clutch. I would drape the blazer over your shoulders to polish it off.
Found both of these gems at a thrift store in town…gems!


George Rodrigue has painted several versions of the Blues Brothers since 1995. Although all in private collections, the paintings from this series are among his most popular, famous within the pages of art books and as reproductions on the walls of the Blue Dog Café in Lafayette, Louisiana and Besh Steakhouse at Harrah's Casino in New Orleans.
"The Blues Brothers connection with the Blue Dog was a natural for me," explains Rodrigue, "and I had fun, from idea to execution, painting their faces blue with the Blue Dog."
In Rodrigue's typical style, the Blue Dog is eye-level, like a person. The figures are locked into a strong design, forming interesting shapes in the negative spaces. The colors are bold, with little left of the original loup-garou inspiration.
As with most of his original paintings, Rodrigue did not make prints* of the Blues Brothers series. He did, however, create two large-scale copies for himself, both on loan to restaurants.
In 2004, in honor of his 60th birthday, Rodrigue carried the concept into real life when he joined his sons, André and Jacques, in a Blues Brothers performance during his costume party.
"We surprised the crowd," recalls George, "when we changed from our Elvis and King costumes into Blues Brothers outfits. Before emerging from the back room for our performance, I even shaved off my beard!
"'It looks like ya'll might have practiced for this,' said my cousin Catherine.
Following the show, George's long-time friend, artist Tony Bernard, joined in the fun, with a painted gift for the Rodrigue boys.
Still high on this experience with his sons, George could not resist creating his own version as well, incorporating the Blue Dog with Tony's portraits into a one-of-a-kind piece for his personal collection.
Appropriately titled, It Runs in the Family, this 2005 artwork pays tribute to a father's close relationship with his sons. Although neither of these blue brothers became an artist, you'll find André most days at the Blue Dog Café and Jacques at the George Rodrigue Foundation of the Arts, where they each pursue, in their own way, a family's legacy.
They can really get down!


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Home » Celebrities » Andy Cohen calls out Wendy Williams' estranged husband Kevin Hunter
Andy Cohen calls out Wendy Williams' estranged husband Kevin Hunter
Andy Cohen appeared on "The Wendy Williams Show" for the first time in six years on Thursday —on what happened to be Williams' 55th birthday—and started off with a bang.
"Your husband [Kevin Hunter] was not my biggest fan," Cohen, 51, said. "I've been cheering you on for the last six years."
He added, "I'm so excited about Wendy in the city."
Cohen, clearly referring to Williams' divorce filing from Hunter, continued to praise her for her newfound independence.
"Life has really changed," Williams, who now lives in New York City after leaving her New Jersey family home, shared.
An insider previously told Page Six that her show's staff never got along with Hunter because of his controlling nature.
"People didn't like Kevin because he controlled access to Wendy," the source said, "and now that he's not there it's chaotic in that people can walk up to Wendy now and before you couldn't."
Cohen also opened up about life as a dad to baby boy Ben and shared that he has a full-time night nurse who lives with him who he found through A-list pal Kelly Ripa. Though Williams said Cohen can still party at night because his baby is so young, the "Watch What Happens Live" host admitted he's too old for nightlife.
"I've been Andy in the city for a long time," he explained. "I was ready for Andy on the couch with a kid."
Lady Gaga stuns in a black leather dress at Haus Laboratories party

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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MHP calls on high court to 'do its job' by banning HDP
in World News, Europe
The head of the Nationalist Movement Party (MHP) has reiterated his call on the Constitutional Court for shutting down the Peoples' Democratic Party (HDP) after pictures of an HDP lawmaker with a member of the PKK terror organization have been disclosed.
"We don't want terrorists in parliament. We cannot tolerate seeing for another second the HDP that recruits members to the terror organization within Turkish democratic and political life," MHP chair Devlet Bahçeli said at a weekly address to his parliamentary group on Jan. 11.
"We expect the Constitutional Court to fulfill its duty," he added, referring to an ongoing case for the closure of the HDP over terror links. The court has recently received the HDP's defense and will decide over the fate of the party and its top officials in due course.
Bahçeli's words came after the pictures of HDP Diyarbakır Deputy Semra Güzel, who is seen with a member of the PKK, were disclosed. A motion for the cancellation of her parliamentarian status has been already launched.
"They will be together with the traitors who fire bullets at our soldiers, and they will shamelessly talk about democracy, freedom, human rights and peace. This is blasphemy; arrogance," he stated.
Bahçeli also criticized the main opposition Republican People's Party (CHP) and the İYİ (Good) Party over their soft condemnation of a PKK attack that killed three Turkish troops over the weekend. "There is not a single reference to the PKK or the YPG. Not a single criticism," he said, accusing them of trying not to offend the HDP.
The MHP leader also slammed the Turkish Medical Association (TTB), which has argued that Turkey's national vaccination against the COVID-19, TURKOVAC, had not passed the adequate phases. "If not today, when will it [TTB] be shut down?" asked Bahçeli.
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It's a crazy world we live in. It's easy to get distracted by all the 'noise' out there. It's too easy to get overwhelmed.
Today lets focus on HOPE. Hope is the fuel of victory. Hope brings light into the darkness and helps us see. Hope is the spark that lights the fire in our souls to get us up and moving!
Posted in faith, God, Hope, Quotes, Religion and Spirituality, Spirituality and tagged God, Hope, Life, quotes, quotes on hope. Bookmark the permalink.
Amen-Amein Sister in Christ Jesus-Yeshua Diana!! God Bless you Sister in Christ Jesus-Yeshua and Your Family members and Friends!!
Part of the enemy's plan is to steal our hope but ironically, the fact that he has stolen mine (worries of the world, constant barrage of bad news, etc.) has only served to remind me that my hope is misplaced. I shouldn't have hope in this world.
It's reminded me that I'm just traveling through this world and that my home isn't here!
My hope should not be in my two hands, my circumstances, elected leaders, etc., etc. it should be in my God and His Son, Jesus Christ, who died for my sins, was raised the third day and lives ever more to not only intercede on my behalf with the Father, but to be my Grace, my strength, my HOPE…my friend!!
Why does the enemy want to steal our hope?
Because someone who has their hope destroyed is easy prey…won't fight back or will fight from a weakened position. And, they're so swallowed up in their own "planet misery" that they neglect to fulfill their calling.
So I say…dig deeper in the Word…pray without ceasing…worship with everything in you and HOPE in the One whose name is ABOVE ALL NAMES and who lives within us who believe!


Heirloom potty pants are the perfect gift to commemorate your toddler's diapering years! Our friends at Fox and the Traveling Gypsy hand-dyed our signature potty pants using natural dyes to transform these into a work of art. Each set of 2 comes with 1 tie-dyed and 1 full moon potty pant. When your toddler has transitioned to the potty, these gorgeous pants can be stored away to commemorate their cloth diapering years.
Cotton/lycra blend undies have extra padding down the middle for this transitional period where more protection is necessary. Your little toddler will feel confident pulling up and pulling down these pants and they'll learn the potty quicker without the added mess.


Together, Oklahoma, Missouri, Kansas, and Arkansas stand to receive just shy of $87 million from the Volkswagen Environmental Mitigation Trust.
The VW Trust will support projects that reduce NOx emissions in areas where VW diesel vehicles were, or are currently operated. Each state will determine the final plan for how the funds will be utilized.
Please join our Clean Cities Coalitions next Monday to learn more about the VW Settlement and share your valuable thoughts on how this funding might be best utilized.
Please RSVP by February 1.
Please Note: This event was organized by Clean Cities coalitions, and is not part of any official action of the Settlement Trust.


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Echocardiography to magnetic resonance image registration for use in image-guide electrophysiology procedures
YingLiang Ma, Kawal S. Rhode, Andrew P. King, Dennis Cauldfield, Michael Cooklin, Reza Razavi, Graeme P. Penney
School of Computing Sciences
We present a novel method to register three-dimensional echocardiography (echo) images with magnetic resonance images (MRI) based on anatomical features, which could be used in the registration pipeline for overlaying MRI-derived roadmaps onto two-dimensional live X-ray images in electrophysiology (EP) procedures. The features used in image registration are the surface of the left ventricle and a manually defined centerline of the descending aorta. The MR-derived surface is generated using a fully automated algorithm, and the echo-derived surface is produced using a semi-automatic process. We test our method on six volunteers and three patients. We validated registration accuracy using two methods. The first calculated a root mean square distance error using anatomical landmarks. The second method used catheters as landmarks in one clinical EP procedure. Results show a mean error of 4.24 mm, which is acceptable for our clinical application, and no failed registrations were observed. In addition, our algorithm works on clinical data, is fast and only requires a small amount of manual input, and so it is applicable to use during EP procedures.
SPIE Press
Ma, Y., Rhode, K. S., King, A. P., Cauldfield, D., Cooklin, M., Razavi, R., & Penney, G. P. (2009). Echocardiography to magnetic resonance image registration for use in image-guide electrophysiology procedures. In Progress in Biomedical Optics and Imaging - Proceedings of SPIE (Vol. 7261). [72610Q] SPIE Press. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.810999
Ma, YingLiang ; Rhode, Kawal S. ; King, Andrew P. ; Cauldfield, Dennis ; Cooklin, Michael ; Razavi, Reza ; Penney, Graeme P. / Echocardiography to magnetic resonance image registration for use in image-guide electrophysiology procedures. Progress in Biomedical Optics and Imaging - Proceedings of SPIE. Vol. 7261 SPIE Press, 2009.
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title = "Echocardiography to magnetic resonance image registration for use in image-guide electrophysiology procedures",
abstract = "We present a novel method to register three-dimensional echocardiography (echo) images with magnetic resonance images (MRI) based on anatomical features, which could be used in the registration pipeline for overlaying MRI-derived roadmaps onto two-dimensional live X-ray images in electrophysiology (EP) procedures. The features used in image registration are the surface of the left ventricle and a manually defined centerline of the descending aorta. The MR-derived surface is generated using a fully automated algorithm, and the echo-derived surface is produced using a semi-automatic process. We test our method on six volunteers and three patients. We validated registration accuracy using two methods. The first calculated a root mean square distance error using anatomical landmarks. The second method used catheters as landmarks in one clinical EP procedure. Results show a mean error of 4.24 mm, which is acceptable for our clinical application, and no failed registrations were observed. In addition, our algorithm works on clinical data, is fast and only requires a small amount of manual input, and so it is applicable to use during EP procedures.",
author = "YingLiang Ma and Rhode, {Kawal S.} and King, {Andrew P.} and Dennis Cauldfield and Michael Cooklin and Reza Razavi and Penney, {Graeme P.}",
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Ma, Y, Rhode, KS, King, AP, Cauldfield, D, Cooklin, M, Razavi, R & Penney, GP 2009, Echocardiography to magnetic resonance image registration for use in image-guide electrophysiology procedures. in Progress in Biomedical Optics and Imaging - Proceedings of SPIE. vol. 7261, 72610Q, SPIE Press. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.810999
Echocardiography to magnetic resonance image registration for use in image-guide electrophysiology procedures. / Ma, YingLiang; Rhode, Kawal S.; King, Andrew P.; Cauldfield, Dennis; Cooklin, Michael; Razavi, Reza; Penney, Graeme P.
Progress in Biomedical Optics and Imaging - Proceedings of SPIE. Vol. 7261 SPIE Press, 2009. 72610Q.
T1 - Echocardiography to magnetic resonance image registration for use in image-guide electrophysiology procedures
AU - Ma, YingLiang
AU - Rhode, Kawal S.
AU - King, Andrew P.
AU - Cauldfield, Dennis
AU - Cooklin, Michael
AU - Razavi, Reza
AU - Penney, Graeme P.
N2 - We present a novel method to register three-dimensional echocardiography (echo) images with magnetic resonance images (MRI) based on anatomical features, which could be used in the registration pipeline for overlaying MRI-derived roadmaps onto two-dimensional live X-ray images in electrophysiology (EP) procedures. The features used in image registration are the surface of the left ventricle and a manually defined centerline of the descending aorta. The MR-derived surface is generated using a fully automated algorithm, and the echo-derived surface is produced using a semi-automatic process. We test our method on six volunteers and three patients. We validated registration accuracy using two methods. The first calculated a root mean square distance error using anatomical landmarks. The second method used catheters as landmarks in one clinical EP procedure. Results show a mean error of 4.24 mm, which is acceptable for our clinical application, and no failed registrations were observed. In addition, our algorithm works on clinical data, is fast and only requires a small amount of manual input, and so it is applicable to use during EP procedures.
AB - We present a novel method to register three-dimensional echocardiography (echo) images with magnetic resonance images (MRI) based on anatomical features, which could be used in the registration pipeline for overlaying MRI-derived roadmaps onto two-dimensional live X-ray images in electrophysiology (EP) procedures. The features used in image registration are the surface of the left ventricle and a manually defined centerline of the descending aorta. The MR-derived surface is generated using a fully automated algorithm, and the echo-derived surface is produced using a semi-automatic process. We test our method on six volunteers and three patients. We validated registration accuracy using two methods. The first calculated a root mean square distance error using anatomical landmarks. The second method used catheters as landmarks in one clinical EP procedure. Results show a mean error of 4.24 mm, which is acceptable for our clinical application, and no failed registrations were observed. In addition, our algorithm works on clinical data, is fast and only requires a small amount of manual input, and so it is applicable to use during EP procedures.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-67149083315&partnerID=MN8TOARS
BT - Progress in Biomedical Optics and Imaging - Proceedings of SPIE
PB - SPIE Press
Ma Y, Rhode KS, King AP, Cauldfield D, Cooklin M, Razavi R et al. Echocardiography to magnetic resonance image registration for use in image-guide electrophysiology procedures. In Progress in Biomedical Optics and Imaging - Proceedings of SPIE. Vol. 7261. SPIE Press. 2009. 72610Q https://doi.org/10.1117/12.810999


text:
Andrew Joins Forces With Superstar Antonio Banderas To Create Spanish Language Productions
Today, Andrew Lloyd Webber and Antonio Banderas confirm the creation of an exciting new venture to produce Spanish language theatre, musicals and live entertainment shows.
Known as Amigos Para Siempre (APS), this will include some of Andrew's best-loved works, such as The Phantom of the Opera, Sunset Boulevard, Starlight Express, Jesus Christ Superstar, Evita, Cinderella, Joseph and the Amazing Technicolor Dreamcoat and School of Rock. This venture will licence, produce and develop work for the world's Spanish-speaking markets, including Spanish-speaking markets within the US.
Speaking on the partnership, Andrew Lloyd Webber said:
"Not only is Antonio Banderas entertainment royalty, he is also one of the most versatile, creative minds I have ever had the pleasure of working with. Partnering with Antonio to bring my work, as well as other brilliant Broadway and West End titles, to Spanish-speaking markets is truly exciting. While millions of people in these parts of the world already support our shows and listen to our music, the musical and theatrical talent coming out from the Spanish speaking world is extraordinary and I can't wait to work with Antonio to bring the very highest quality Spanish language productions to the world."
Antonio Banderas also added that:
"I had the great privilege to work closely with Andrew during the recording and shooting of his celebrated musical EVITA in 1996, but it was when I saw Jesus Christ Superstar back in the early 70's that I became attached to the music, the theatre and the fabulous talent of Andrew Lloyd Webber. It wouldn't be wrong to say that I became an actor because of the enormous influence and the strong impression I experienced when I saw Andrew's musicals. To have the opportunity to work with one of the most respected and admired composers of all times, offering his amazing works for Spanish speaking audiences, is one of the highlights of my career in show business."
Andrew, Antonio and The Really Useful Group are delighted about this new opportunity, so watch this space to find out more!
Jamie Bogyo to join Michael Ball in Aspects of Love
Find a show near you with our interactive globe!
Andrew pays tribute to Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II


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November 3, 2021 Newswires No comments
Colorado Fertility Mandate Will Not Go Into Effect On January 1, 2022 [Above The Law]
Well, this is disappointing news for all those Coloradans who have been holding off on accessing or moving forward with medical assistance for infertility, hoping it was just a matter of months before their insurance would help cover the high cost of fertility treatment. The Colorado Building Families Act — the state fertility access insurance mandate that had been slated to go into effect on January 1, 2022 — will instead be stalled. When it will go into effect, if at all, is yet to be determined.
The Colorado Building Families Act
Gov. Jared Polis signed the Colorado Building Families Act (the Act) into law on April 1, 2020. Perhaps a prophetic date. The Act, which was one of the last bills signed before the legislature temporarily shut down for COVID-19, intended to provide greater access to fertility diagnosis, treatment, and preservation for Coloradans by mandating insurance coverage for all insurance plans subject to Colorado law. That was about one-third of the insurance plans covering Coloradans. The bill provided coverage for modern fertility techniques, including at least three rounds of in vitro fertilization (IVF), if recommended by a covered member's physician. Despite the bill passing over a year and a half ago, the delayed effective date of January 1, 2022, intended to give time for the Colorado Department of Insurance to implement regulations and the insurance companies time to comply.
But it was not to be.
The Problematic Language
Right before the final version of the bill passed, the Governor's office included language to prevent the state from being responsible for defrayal costs. Essentially, the Governor's office was concerned about the state being financially responsible for any increase in premiums caused by a new insurance mandate under state law — as could be required by the Affordable Care Act (ACA). This new language required that Colorado's Division of Insurance make a determination as to whether defrayal could apply, and ask the Federal Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) to confirm if that determination was correct. The Colorado Department of Insurance would then implement the Act only if: "The Division receives confirmation from [HHS] that that coverage specified … does not constitute an additional benefit that requires defrayal by the state" or HHS fails to respond within 360 days.
Well, way back in the year 2020, the Trump administration's HHS determined that there was a possibility of defrayal, specifically in the individual and small group markets. So that was a bummer for the half-a-million-plus Coloradans that fell into that category. But it was still believed that the Act would go into effect for the large group market on the planned January 1, 2022, date. The large group market includes employers with 100 or more employees.
Not so fast.
In the past few weeks, it was determined that the language of the Act did not support implementation for the large group market only — as it didn't carve out the different markets. Basically, the individual and small group markets couldn't be severed from the rest of the bill, so any defrayal determination prevents implementation of the Act as a whole. As a result, the Act will not go into effect at all on January 1, 2022.
There Is Still Hope
One of the prime sponsors for the Act, Rep. Kerry Tipper, shared with attendees at a Colorado Fertility Advocates webinar on October 28, 2021, that she plans to introduce a fix-it bill at the beginning of the 2022 legislative session to clearly carve out the large group market from the defrayal disqualification and allow the Act to go into effect at least for that market. The Governor's office and the Division of Insurance are supportive of this proposed fix. Back in 2020, the bipartisan majority of the legislature was clearly in favor of passing the Act and increased access to fertility care for Coloradans, so the hope is that the fix-it bill should be a nonissue. Best-case scenario, if the bill passes quickly, it could affect those plans with a July 1 initiation/renewal date, and start July 1, 2022. For those plans on the calendar-year renewal, it could go into effect as early as January 1, 2023.
In the meantime, national organizations like RESOLVE: The National Infertility Association are doing what they can. RESOLVE's Chief Engagement Officer Betsy Campbell shared on the Colorado Fertility Advocates webinar that RESOLVE would be continuing conversations with HHS under the Biden administration. RESOLVE disagrees with the Trump administration's interpretation on defrayal, believing that none of the markets in Colorado — individual or small group market, in addition to the large market — should be subject to the ACA defrayal provision.
In the meantime, Campbell reminded listeners that the majority of Coloradans are under insurance plans not subject to the Act or even to Colorado insurance regulation generally. So an alternative avenue for coverage is for employees themselves to mobilize and impress upon individual employers the importance and need for fertility coverage in their insurance plans. (As opposed to a top-down state mandate.) RESOLVE provides critical resources and support for those employees who want to press their case with their current employer. Check them out, if you haven't already!
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Ellen Trachman is the Managing Attorney ofTrachman Law Center, LLC, a Denver-based law firm specializing in assisted reproductive technology law, and co-host of the podcastI Want To Put A Baby In You. You can reach her at[email protected].
Michigan Motorists To Receive Insurance Refunds, Details To Be Determined
Consumer Watchdog: Insurance Commissioner Cannot Force State Farm to Pay Refunds for Overcharges, San Diego Court Says


Does your child appear to be shy, but you have a feeling that it is more than shyness? You may have actually observed her freezing up and not being able to speak in certain situations or with specific people even though they have an adequate ability to speak and also have appropriate language skills to make sentences. This is selective mutism. Selective mutism is a specific fear of talking; the current belief is that it is an anxiety-based disorder. Therefore, a team including a psychologist or psychiatrist and a speech pathologist often work together with the client and family to improve skills. The school situation is one of the most challenging for them.
• The individual's awareness of their difficulty.
• A hierarchy of situations and people that are difficulty difficult for them to interact with and work toward the individual be able to progress with these challenges.
• Verbal processing speed and flexibility of responding in different ways.
• Active listening and a stronger grounding in conversation skills.
• Reading others non-verbal clues and giving non-verbal feedback to others.
• Family education and assistance with interacting.
Dr. Parker has experience working with individuals with the unique disorder of Selective Mutism. Call The Brain Trainer today (704-541-1373) to start your evaluation.
Where Should Parents Draw the Line Between Sports and Education?
So, you've noticed that your child is having difficulty reading or performing in math. At first, you think the school will be able to remediate the problem with their resources. However, with various trials, no positive outcome is forthcoming and your child is getting frustrated. When you were young, you had similar problems, but were able to overcome them. It worked out fine for you. Your child should be okay with time, and besides, he's way too busy with soccer practice and the new travel team to try to fit anything else into his schedule! But, it's been several years, and the gap between his and his peers' academic performance is getting wider. Mikey is a really great soccer player and his travel team coach said he shows great promise for not only making the high school team, but for getting a scholarship to play in college. Do you hire a Speech Pathologist/Cognitive Specialist to work on his learning struggles or do you use that money to pay a coach to help your kid "go to the next level"?
Before you answer that question, let's consider the percentage of athletes that actually play high school sports and then move on to play college sports. Here are two charts found on the NCAA.org. The actual page on which the charts can be found is: https://on.ncaa.com/1QRZOA2.
Reviewing the charts, it seems obvious that the percentage of men that move on to college level sports is less than 15% and is more often, in the single digit percentages. With women, there is a higher percent that if, they played in high school sports, they could move on to participate in college level sports. But, the percentage is still less than 25%, and more often, in the single digit percentages. These percentages drop significantly when these athletes try to move on to professional sports. The likelihood of an NCAA athlete earning a living as a professional athlete are between .9% and 9.5%. The full chart and methodology can be found at: https://on.ncaa.com/21wK3jx . In contrast, the likelihood of an NCAA athlete earning a college degree is significantly greater; graduation success rates are 86% for Division I, 71% in Division II, and 87% in Division III.
What is it that determines if your child gets to play at the college level? Surprisingly, it's not all raw talent. If you listen to several college coaches, they are not interested in athletes who are all about themselves, rather than their team. They want athletes who are passionate about the game or competition, want to help their team, want to be a better player and are willing to give their heart and soul to the sport and team. As a former NCAA DII Cross Country coach, I (the author) looked for athletes who loved the sport, had their heart in it, wanted to do the things that were best to keep their bodies in top form, and performed academically. As you can see from the charts above, there are thousands of runners that we can consider bringing into our program with athletic scholarship money. Your kid is just one of them.
To get a scholarship and practice in the first year at a NCAA Division I school, incoming freshman must meet a series of academic requirements outlined in the table below (found at https://on.ncaa.com/1CxbYmm) . These academic requirements were changed to help make students more prepared to do college-level work and to improve graduation rates. If this minimum is not achieved, the athlete will not be permitted to participate in their selected sport regardless of how good they are.
What I've observed with my runners is that the ones that are focused, with great organization, study and time management skills, tend to be successful at athletics and academics.
It shouldn't even be a question of if you are going to get your child the speech language therapy or cognitive skill development he needs; it should be a question of when. Your child needs to make it competitively through academics to be successful in life. After high school, your child will need to pick a college, regardless of whether or not he or she participates in sports. After college, your son or daughter will need to have a job that can support his/her expected lifestyle. The chances of making it into professional sports is minimal, so it's important to ensure that their education and the ability to present themselves to obtain a good job is of paramount importance. I know you see your child as a star, and he/she may be. But, chances are low that their selected sport will be their vocation. Many people get to do the job they LOVE; but not many are sports stars.
Jennifer was a Division 1 runner at the University of Pittsburgh. She graduated in 1992 and had dreams of running in the Olympic Marathon one day. Unfortunately, Jennifer was hit by a fuel tanker truck while she was on a training run in February 1993. She was fortunate in that, if you have to be hit by a big truck, at least a Police officer saw it happen, the EMT station was right across the street and the Trauma Center was only 10 minutes away. Those circumstances probably saved her life. At that time, she was an Assistant coach at Duquesne University, but soon had to resign the position because the recovery from the traumatic accident required 16 operations and nearly 5 years of physical therapy. The doctors said she would never run again; Jennifer said she would and does! Not at the competitive level she once ran, but at least she has gotten back to the sport she loves!
Jennifer coached track at Hickory Ridge Middle School for 2 years (2011 – 2013). She followed her daughter to Hickory Ridge High School and was the Assistant Coach for one year (2012 – 2013), then promoted to the Head Coach position for both, the Cross Country and Track teams, for 4 years (2013 – 2016). Jennifer also coached Cross Country at Catawba College, a Division II college, for 3 years (2015 – 2017).
Jennifer was the Head Coach of a USATF (USA Track and Field) club team, Harrisburg Runners, for 4 years (2011 – 2014). The team was ideal for athletes between 6 – 18 years old , who wanted to run Cross Country and/or Track and Field.
Jennifer is a Level 1 Certified Coach with USATF, she's attended many classes and has done research on how to train athletes in an effort to be a better coach.
The most tangible result of our daughter's time at The Brain Trainer has been how much more quickly she finishes her assignments. (View More) Amy W.


Lottie being a typical Westie, suffers from the common allergies they are prone too. Today was our regular 2 monthly check at the vets. Luckily, up to now she only suffers very mild, with it mainly affecting her pads on her feet, mouth and ears.
We go our local vets which is a short car journey away. I must say they have always been great with us, I think it really important to have a good relationship with your vet and luckily for us we see the same one each time we visit.
From a very early age I made sure Lottie was comfortable with a trip to the vets, all the staff always make a fuss of her. She's quite content in the waiting room although she's not to sure when it's her time to be seen, but its getting better each time and a few treats normally do the trick!.
As you can see Lottie is always up for a pose for the camera even in the vets!
I'm still fairly new to blogging and I have recently created a Facebook, Twitter and BlogLovin account. I would really appreciate it if you could give me a like.
What does your dog think of the dreaded V word?
I took my foster dog for her first vet visit yesterday. She was worried but very cooperative. I liked the vet associated with the rescue so much that I am considering switching!
Please do not try this at home!
Wordless Wednesday - hey that's my chair!
Please mum may I have some more!


Product liability claims arise when a person is injured by a defective or otherwise dangerous product. In Tallahassee, products liability claims are viable only if the resulting injury stems directly from a manufacturing defect. Defective products or drugs can lead to considerable financial loss, serious injury, and even death.
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King Charles' Secret Nickname For Meghan Markle Revealed
by How Africa News October 7, 2022, 8:52 am
King Charles III has a secret nickname for Meghan Markle, a new book claims.
ALSO READ: Meghan Markle and Prince Harry are Expecting a Baby
According to the new book "The New Royals" by royal expert Katie Nicholl, when Markle joined the royal family, it was clear to Charles that she would be able to handle whatever was thrown at her,.
ALSO READ: Meghan Markle Baby: How Serena Williams is Helping Meghan Markle Prepare for Motherhood
Because of Markle's "toughness and resilience," Charles nicknamed her "Tungsten."
Tungsten is a rare chemical element known to be strong and durable. It is known as one of the "toughest things" in nature, according to Live Science.
According to Nicholl, Charles made the observation even before Markle married Prince Harry.
At her first joint appearance with Harry, Prince William and Princess Kate at the Royal Foundation Forum in February 2018, "Meghan was the breakout star of the foursome," Nicholl wrote.
"She was polished, passionate and funny, using all her TV-honed skills to present her case. That was a wake-up moment for William and Kate when they realized that Meghan was very impressive, very confident and very capable, according to a source," she continued.
Nicholl noted that one aide said that appearance was the moment William and Kate knew they needed to "up their game."
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Q: view-model to entity binder I have a question that I don't know how to ask it. See; I have an entity like this:
public class Person{
    public int Id {get; set;}
    public string FirstName {get; set;}
    public string LastName {get; set;}
}

and also have a view-model with same properties as entity:
public class PersonModel{
    public int Id {get; set;}
    public string FirstName {get; set;}
    public string LastName {get; set;}
}

My question is: how can I create a auto convertor for reading properties from one of them, and create a new another one and write it properties from the first? see:
// DAL
public class Repository{
    public void Save(Person person){
        // saving a person entity
    }
}

// BLL
public class Service{
    public void CreatePerson(PersonModel model){
        var person = new Person{
            Id = model.Id,
            FirstName = model.FirstName,
            LastName = model.LastName
        };
        new Repository().Save(person);
    }
}

I have to repeat this code for converting all view-models to entities when I want to pass them from service to repository. I know about explicit and implicit, I don't want to use them. I mean I'm searching a way to auto binding them via reflection and generics. for example something like this:
public class Binder{
    public TOut Bind<TIn, TOut>(TIn inObject){ }
}

Has everybody any idea that where I should start or where can I find some resources to learning this? Thanks in advanced.

A: AutoMapper - Best Way
Look at this. It's perfect for your problem:
AutoMapper
Example:
public User Create(User obj) {
    var rep = UnitOfWork.Create<User>();
    var usr = Mapper.Map(obj, rep.Create());
    rep.Add(usr);

    return usr;
}

If you want to ignore some properties while mapping:
Mapper.CreateMap<User, User>()
    .ForMember(dest => dest.ID, opt => opt.Ignore()) // Dont map the ID.

Reflection - Slow way
If you want to use reflection, then here is an example. But for the record. This is just a small sample how it could work. If it's a Generic Type, an array or something else, it doesn't work!
var modelProperties = this.GetType().GetProperties();
foreach(var prop in usr.GetType().GetProperties()) {
    var thisProp = modelProperties.FirstOrDefault(n => n.Name == prop.Name);
    if(thisProp != null) {
        var value = prop.GetValue(usr, null);
        thisProp.SetValue(this, value, null);
    }
}

A: You can use Extension Methods to copy the properties to another object:
public static class ConvertPersonToPersonModel
{
    public static PersonModel ConvertToPersonModel(this Person person)
    {
        PersonModel p= new PersonModel(); //assign the properties
        p.Id = person.Id;
        p.FirstName = person.FirstName;

        return p;
    }

    public static IEnumerable<PersonModel> ConvertPeopleToPeopleModels(this List<Person> people)
    {
        List<PersonModel> ps= new List<PersonModel>();
        foreach (var person in people)
        {
            ps.Add(ConvertToPersonModel(person));
        }
        return ps.AsEnumerable<PersonModel>();
    }
}

The ConvertPersonToPersonModel() method will now show up on your Person object e.g.
Person p = new Person
p.ConvertToPersonModel();

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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By using Modular Content or incorporating it within or associating it with a web site or other online, cable, wireless, or other service other than the Services, you agree not to: (1) obscure the Operator's branding of the Modular Content, assert or imply ownership or authorship of the Modular Content, or facilitate another party's assertion or implication of ownership or authorship of the Modular Content; (2) excerpt or edit the Modular Content, except as specifically permitted by us; or (3) publish, place, or utilise the Modular Content in a setting or manner in which it may be associated with content or other material that (i) is or may be considered unlawful, defamatory or otherwise objectionable, (ii) may constitute, advocate or encourage conduct that would constitute or give rise to a criminal offense, civil liability or other violation of law; (iii) violates, plagiarises or infringes the rights of third parties including, without limitation, copyright, trademark, patent, rights of privacy or publicity, or any other proprietary right; (iv) contains or may be associated with a computer virus or other harmful component; (v) constitutes or contains false or misleading indications of origin or statements of fact; (vi) contains any information, software or other material of a commercial nature; (vii) contains advertising, promotions or commercial solicitations of any kind; or (viii) in any way brings us, any of our commercial partners or licensors into disrepute or prejudices our brands or reputation..
Although we are under no obligation to do so and assume no responsibility or liability arising from any use of Modular Content, we may monitor the web sites or other online, cable, wireless, or other services with which Modular Content is used. You agree that you will promptly, and in any event within 24 hours, remove the Modular Content from any web site or other online, cable, wireless, or other service if we or our agent request that you do so, and that you will maintain the ability to remove Modular Content from any web site or online, cable, wireless, or other service on which you cause it to be placed or with which you cause it to be affiliated. You agree that we have exclusive discretion to direct that the Modular Content be removed from web sites or other services at any time and for any reason, including, but not limited to, the prohibited uses of Modular Content described above; that we may implement and use protections to limit the web sites or other services in conjunction with which Modular Content may be used or the manner in which Modular Content may be used; and that we may not specifically advise you of the existence or nature of these protections.
You may link to the home page of the Services without obtaining our permission provided that you do so only through a plain-text link. For any other type of link to the Services, you must obtain our express written permission. If you provide a third-party web site that links to the Services, you: (a) shall not create a frame, browser or border environment around any of the content of the Services; (b) shall not imply that we endorse or sponsor your web site or any of its products or services; (c) shall not present false information about us, the Services or any of our products or services; (d) shall not use any of our trademarks without our express prior written permission; and (e) shall not include any content that could be construed by us as distasteful, offensive or controversial. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in these Site Terms and Conditions, we reserve the right to deny or rescind permission to link to the Services from any web site, and to require termination of any link to the Services, for any reason in our sole and absolute discretion.
The availability of the content on the Services may be affected by a variety of factors, including game delays or cancellations, application of the EPL's broadcast policy or other requirements, technical problems or network delays, program rescheduling, or other reasons. You agree that we are not obliged to provide you with any specific content under these Site Terms and Conditions.
You are required to comply with all applicable laws and regulations in connection with your use of the Services, and such further limitations as may be set forth in any written or on-screen notice from us. By using the Services, you represent and warrant that you will not use the Services for any purpose that is either unlawful or prohibited by these Site Terms and Conditions. We reserve the right to disclose any information about you or your use of the Services in connection with any investigations by us or law enforcement authorities as may be appropriate or necessary to satisfy any applicable law, regulation, legal process or governmental request.
The Services may allow users to communicate with others through real-time chats, message boards, video ratings and other features. In addition, you may be able to interact with other users through fantasy football features or other games that we may from time to time make available.
When your account is used to submit, post, or add content to the Services (collectively, "Your Content"), you agree to accept sole responsibility for, and assume all liability (including liability for claims of infringement, or defamation) associated with, Your Content.
No compensation will be paid with respect to any use of Your Content by us or our licensees. We are free to use any ideas, concepts, know-how, or techniques contained in Your Content for any purpose whatsoever including, but not limited to, developing, manufacturing and marketing products using Your Content. We are under no obligation to maintain any of Your Content and may remove any of Your Content at any time in its sole discretion.
Any gaming features that we make available on the Services are provided exclusively for entertainment purposes. In addition, you are prohibited from gambling on the result of any gaming features provided on or through the Services, or from using the Services to gamble on the result of any game. If we believe that you have violated the prohibitions in this paragraph, we may immediately terminate your access to the Services, with or without notice to you. Notwithstanding any other provision of this agreement or of law, you will not be entitled to any refund of any fees paid to us if your access is terminated because of a violation or alleged violation of these Site Terms and Conditions.
Although we may maintain technical logs concerning your use of the Services, we do not routinely monitor Your Content. You agree that we may not be held responsible for Your Content and that we are not obliged to monitor it. Despite your agreement that we are not required to monitor Your Content, if we become aware of any of Your Content that we believe to violate these Site Terms and Conditions or to be obscene, violent or otherwise objectionable, we may - but are not required to - act in good faith to restrict access to or availability of Your Content. We may also take steps to terminate your access to the Services or take other appropriate steps, including, without limitation, initiating or assisting in legal action.
If you become aware of any content on the Services that you believe to be objectionable or to violate these Site Terms and Conditions, or that you believe may cause injury to yourself, us, or any third party, you should notify us of such content immediately by emailing contact@rugbypass.com. Even if you notify us of such content that you believe to be objectionable, you agree that we will not be obliged to take any particular steps, or any steps at all, in response to your notification. You agree that your notification under this paragraph will create no duty on our part to you or to any third party, and that we may not be held liable for any action that we take, or for our inaction, after you provide us with notification.
an electronic or physical signature of you or someone authorised on the copyright owner's behalf, to assert infringement of copyright and to submit the statement.
The Services are provided "as is". We make no representation or warranty of any kind whatsoever to you or any other person relating in any way to the Services, or any web site or other content or service that may be accessible directly or indirectly through the Services. We disclaim to the maximum extent permitted by law, any and all such representations and warranties.
In no event will we or any of our affiliates, or any party involved in creating, producing or delivering the Service, or any web site linked to or from this service, be liable in any manner whatsoever for any direct or indirect damages arising out of or in any way related to the Service, your access, use or inability to use the services or any web site linked to or from the Service, any content contained therein, or in connection with any failure of performance, error, omission, interruption, defect, delay in operation or transmission, computer virus or line or system failure. We reserve the right to alter the content of the services in any way, at any time, for any reason, without prior notification, and will not be liable in any way for possible consequences of such changes.
This Site Terms and Conditions shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of New Zealand. You agree to submit to the exclusive jurisdiction of the courts of New Zealand.
These Site Terms and Conditions constitute the entire agreement between you and us and governs your use of the Services, superseding any other communications and proposals (whether oral, written or electronic) between you and us. These Site Terms and Conditions may only be modified by our posting on the Services changes to these Site Terms and Conditions, or by a subsequent writing signed by us.
Our failure to enforce any provisions of these Site Terms and Conditions or to respond to a breach by you or other parties shall not in any way waive its right to enforce subsequently any terms or conditions of these Site Terms and Conditions or to act with respect to similar breaches.
Any information supplied by any of our employees or agents, whether by telephone, e-mail, letter, facsimile or other form of communication, is intended solely as general guidance on the use of the Services, and does not constitute legal, tax, accounting or other professional advice. We make no representations or warranties concerning any course of action taken by any person following or otherwise using the information offered or provided within or through the Services.
At our option, we may give notices to users of the Services by posting a message on the Service, by electronic or conventional mail or by any other relevant means.