text:
Oragenics' SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Produces...
Oragenics' SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Produces Neutralizing Antibodies in Mice with Intramuscular and Intranasal Adjuvants
New data supports Company's approach to COVID-19 vaccine development.
TAMPA, Fla.--(BUSINESS WIRE)-- Oragenics, Inc. (NYSE American: OGEN) (the Company) announces that the stabilized pre-fusion spike protein trimer produced by its Canadian collaborator and licensed by the Company from the National Institutes of Health (NIH) generates neutralizing antibodies in mice after immunization against SARS-CoV-2, when administered with several novel intramuscular (IM) and intranasal (IN) adjuvants. The expression platform, developed with support from Oragenics' Canadian collaborator, will expedite the evaluation of hybrid SARS-CoV-2 antigen candidates that are scheduled to be evaluated in a hamster viral challenge study beginning with dosing at the end of this month. The mouse immunogenicity study enabled the down-selection of the four adjuvant candidates tested thus far, with two being advanced to assess inhibition of viral replication in hamsters, and IND-enabling toxicology studies. A manuscript suitable for publication, inclusive of the mouse data, will be prepared upon completion of the hamster study.
"We are delighted that our SARS-CoV-2 spike protein produced with the high-throughput expression platform from our collaborator shows promise in the development of a next-generation COVID-19 vaccine, and believe this research affirms our development strategy with Oragenics' lead vaccine candidate, Terra CoV-2," said Fred Telling, Ph.D., Executive Chair of Oragenics. "We are pleased to see a robust immunological response with both our novel IM and IN adjuvants. Additionally, we are optimistic about the pre-clinical intranasal data given the respiratory route of transmission of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, and the prospect of developing a novel vaccine candidate that has the potential to reduce viral transmission. The data substantiates our choice of adjuvants to use in subsequent animal and ultimately human studies. We expect to file an IND application with the FDA in the first quarter of 2022."
Dr. Telling concluded, "Oragenics continues to believe that our licensed platform will improve development speed, while the ability to rapidly engineer new vaccine antigens will permit us to quickly address new variants as they arise, which will be key in the event that SARS-CoV-2 becomes a seasonal flu-like disease, as many experts anticipate will be the case."
Oragenics, Inc. is a development-stage company dedicated to fighting infectious diseases including coronaviruses and multidrug-resistant organisms. Its lead product is Terra CoV-2, a vaccine candidate to prevent COVID-19 and variants of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. The Terra CoV-2 program leverages coronavirus spike protein research licensed from the NIH and the NRC with a focus on addressing supply-chain challenges, and offering more patient-friendly administration, such as intranasal. Its lantibiotics program features a novel class of antibiotics against bacteria that have developed resistance to commercial antibiotics.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Jazz piano é um termo coletivo que se refere às técnicas utilizadas pelos pianistas para tocar jazz, em um grupo ou como um instrumento solo. Por extensão, jazz piano pode designar as mesmas técnicas em qualquer outro instrumento de teclado. O piano foi importante para a própria constituição da linguagem do jazz desde o início, tanto em solos como em conjuntos, sendo por isso muito utilizado pelos músicos e compositores de jazz para ensinar ou aprender a teoria e a elaboração de arranjos, independentemente do instrumento principal de cada um deles. Isso se deve, em grande parte, à  natureza harmônica e melódica do instrumento, pois, assim como a jazz guitar, o órgão Hammond, o vibrafone e outros insrumentos de teclado, o piano é um dos poucos instrumentos que, num conjunto de jazz, é capaz de executar acordes, e não apenas notas isoladas, como é o caso do saxofone e do trompete.

O jazz piano tem origem nos anos 1920, quando emerge, principalmente em Nova York, o estilo conhecido como stride ('salto', em inglês ) ou Harlem stride, do qual James P. Johnson foi um dos expoentes. Nesse estilo, a mão direita improvisava melodias,  enquanto  a mão esquerda era usada para estabelecer o ritmo, alternando uma nota ou um acorde tocado uma oitava (ou mais) acima.

Técnicas instrumentais
Gêneros de jazz
Piano

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Since Christopher Nolan's stunning blockbuster The Dark Knight Rises™ burst onto our screens last summer in all its dark, menacing glory, we've been eagerly awaiting a bombastic online slot version from Microgaming, developed through its licensing agreement with DC Entertainment. It's the software developer's second foray into the Batman franchise, following the hugely successful The Dark Knight™, unveiled in the summer of 2012.
While The Dark Knight was a progressive slot, which meant it offered potentially earth-shattering prizes for a spin on the Mega bonus round, The Dark Knight Rises isn't linked to the Microgaming Progressive Jackpot, so while it may not afford the chance to win millions, it does allow room for the developers to let rip with some uniquely exciting and creative bonus rounds. And that's what we want in our blockbuster movie slots, thank you very much: oodles of fast-paced, action-packed features sliced with audio and visuals from the movies, plus rip-roaring animation, as Batman comes out of retirement to take on the terrifying, anarchic force of nature that is Bane.
How many ways to win?!
The Dark Knight Rises is a 5-reel slot with 243 ways to win. For those of you new to the "243 Ways to Win" format, this is an exciting rethinking of the slot machine model that removes the constraints of paylines. Instead, wins are based on left-to-right combinations, regardless of their position on each reel. Winning combinations must start from the first reel, of course, but can continue on in any position from top, centre or bottom, meaning that all symbols act like adjacent scatters. It's the perfect hectic, high-volatility format for a game that effectively encapsulates the hard-hitting excitement of the movie.
First up, the music tense, atmospheric, cinematic, and all your favourite characters from the movies appear on the reels, bursting into life as video animations as they make combinations. But it's when the bonus features are activated that the game truly comes alive. There are lots of exciting new features here, such as Fight Mode, Symbol Scramble and Split Wilds, all of which are triggered randomly – and frequently – in the base game.
In the Symbol Scramble feature, the symbols on the reels rearrange themselves to give you the best possible winning combination. Then there's the Expanding Wild feature where the Special Wild symbol expands across the whole middle reel, giving you a big chance of hitting some winning combos.
Particularly notable for its awesomeness is the Fight Mode Feature; here Batman and Bane take centre stage to fight it out in an animated duel across the screen. Microgaming carefully scrutinised footage from the film in order to choreograph and develop these realistic fight sequences specifically for the game, and the result is pretty effective. However, it also serves a purpose: the duo fight it out to award you a random number of free spins and multiplier value. This is then added to the free spins/multiplier in the Free Spins Bonus feature when you trigger it next.
The Free Spins Bonus feature itself is triggered when you get or more Scatter Bonus symbols anywhere on the reels. Here, you are rewarded with 10 free spins, plus the free spins/multipliers you have accumulated during fight mode.
You will then play a choice of two bonus games, depending whether you choose the Bane or Batman character. Choose Bane and any win will activate the Rolling Reels Feature. Hit a winning combo in this mode and the winning symbols explode, allowing the symbols to drop down in their place, which means you can potentially win multiple times on every free spin.
Should you activate the Free Spins Bonus feature 10 times, the Super Stacked Wilds feature will come into play. Here, the Dark Knight Rises logo symbol is the wild which will create a wild stack on reels two and four, potentially resulting in some big, big wins.
Choose Batman to trigger the Extra Wild Blast Feature, where you get to choose which symbol you want as an extra wild. Trigger the Free Spins Bonus feature ten times to unlock the Heat Seeking Wilds Feature, which transforms random symbols on the three middle reels into wilds which can split in two effectively creating a six-of-a-kind combination, worth twice that of five-of-a-kind.


text:
with Jen and Sylvia Soska
Identical twins Sylvia and Jen Soska, known as The Soska Sisters, are an unstoppable force. You may know them best from their films Dead Hooker in a Trunk and American Mary. You may also know them as the hosts of the Blumhouse game show, 'Hellevator.' Or even as the writers for the most recent installment of the Black Widow comics. They are on the program this week for a very special Max Fun Drive episode talking about David Cronenberg's masterpiece, Dead Ringers. The sisters are avid Cronenberg devotees and, not to mention, this film centers around identical twins Beverly and Elliot Mantle. The pairing of guest and movie is truly a match made in heaven. The sisters also discuss what went into making their body modification horror, American Mary, and why agents and managers warn actors about working with them. And in celebration of the Max Fun Drive, we have an additional segment this week. April talks to writer and filmmaker Michele Meek about her new book, Independent Female Filmmakers: A Chronicle Through Interviews, Profiles, and Manifestos. They discuss the travesty that not one film made by a woman is on the AFI Top 100 Films list. And how movies actually influence society's concept of consent. Show notes
Switchblade Sisters Episode 36: Birth with Kate Berlant
Posted Thu, 07/12/2018 - 11:42 by Casey O'Brien | 0 comments
We are joined by the wonderful comedian, writer, and actor Kate Berlant. She's on the show to talk about the underappreciated Jonathan Glazer film, Birth. April and Kate dive right into this truly unique movie about a woman who's dead husband may have come back as a 10 year old boy. They make the case for this being Nicole Kidman's best performance as the role is so perfectly catered to her. They discuss the inspired vision of Jonathan Glazer and how he was the only one who could make this film. The two talk about Kate's role in Sorry to Bother You and her short film series 555. Kate elaborates on what goes into writing comedy and the kinds of white people she makes fun of. Plus, she explains why she feels compelled to make silly faces as a form of protest.
You can watch 555 on Vimeo now.
Check out Kate in Sorry to Bother You
And if you haven't seen it yet, go watch Birth
With April Wolfe with Kate Berlant,
You can let us know what you think of Switchblade Sisters at @SwitchbladePod on Twitter. Or email us at switchbladesisters@maximumfun.org
Andy Deyoung
John Early


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Memsource is a web-based platform launched in 2010 and has grown to serve more than 50,000 users. Within the dynamic integration between Plunet and Memsource, customers can deliver translations faster with fewer operations. Project managers don't need to import or export files between two systems; they can always use the Memsource features directly in the Plunet interface. Top managers have easy access to both financial and production analytics in the same place, and they can immediately make informed decisions.


text:
package grails.plugin.lightweightdeploy;

import com.google.common.io.ByteStreams;
import java.io.BufferedInputStream;
import java.io.BufferedOutputStream;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.zip.ZipEntry;
import java.util.zip.ZipFile;

public class Utils {

    public static boolean deleteDir(final File dir) {
		if (!dir.exists()) {
			return true;
		}

		if (!dir.isDirectory()) {
			return false;
		}

		File[] files = dir.listFiles();
		if (files == null) {
			return false;
		}

		boolean result = true;
		for (File file : files) {
			if (file.isDirectory()) {
				if (!deleteDir(file)) {
					result = false;
				}
			}
			else {
				if (!file.delete()) {
					result = false;
				}
			}
		}

		if (!dir.delete()) {
			result = false;
		}

		return result;
	}

	public static void unzip(ZipEntry entry, ZipFile zipfile, File explodedDir) throws IOException {

		if (entry.isDirectory()) {
			new File(explodedDir, entry.getName()).mkdirs();
			return;
		}

		File outputFile = new File(explodedDir, entry.getName());
		if (!outputFile.getParentFile().exists()) {
			outputFile.getParentFile().mkdirs();
		}

		BufferedInputStream inputStream = new BufferedInputStream(zipfile.getInputStream(entry));
		BufferedOutputStream outputStream = new BufferedOutputStream(new FileOutputStream(outputFile));

		try {
			ByteStreams.copy(inputStream, outputStream);
		}
		finally {
			outputStream.close();
			inputStream.close();
		}
	}
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


'Gore' was in postproduction when Anthony Rapp went public with allegations against Spacey.
Michael Stuhlbarg doesn't blame Netflix for pulling the plug on Gore.
When Netflix shut down production of House of Cards on Nov. 3 in the wake of sexual harassment and assault allegations against Spacey, the streamer also said Gore, which was in postproduction at the time, would no longer be released.
Kevin Spacey stars in the title role of the Gore Vidal film with Stuhlbarg co-starring as the late writer's longtime partner, Howard Austen.
"I understand what's going on," Stuhlbarg told The Hollywood Reporter at Wednesday's L.A. premiere of his latest movie, The Shape of Water, adding, "Honestly, we all have some hope that perhaps … over time there will be a chance for people to see it in the light in which it was meant to be seen."
Directed by Michael Hoffman and based on Jay Parini's biography, Empire of Self: A Life of Gore Vidal, the movie also stars Douglas Booth as a young British writer befriended by Gore.
"I don't know what will happen," said Stuhlbarg, who will also be seen in the upcoming Call Me By Your Name and The Post. "When you work hard on something, you want people to see it. I think there's a desire for us to maybe have that happen."
Dozens of people have come forward alleging sexual misconduct by Spacey since Oct. 29, when Star Trek: Discovery's Anthony Rapp told BuzzFeed that the Oscar winner was 26 years old when he acted inappropriately with him when he was just 14.
Spacey issued a statement claiming he didn't remember the incident, but he also angered gay rights activists when he used the statement to come out as a gay man.
Earlier on Thursday, London's The Old Vic released a report that says the theater company has learned of 20 personal allegations against Spacey that took place during his tenure as its artistic director, from 1995 to 2013.
Ridley Scott is expected to start reshooting Spacey's scenes in All the Money in the World soon with Christopher Plummer replacing the embattled actor as J. Paul Getty.


text:
Interview with Kristoffer Berntsson
By Magdalena Osborne
Photos by Magdalena Osborne & Carl-Gustaf Ringdahl (carl-gustaf@ringdahl.nu)
He's been around for years skating in many competitions. He was the first Swede ever to land a triple axel and has made some headlines at times but none as big as after his amazing short program at Europeans in Budapest. Technical skill, intricate choreography and charming artistic ability all came together in a performance that rocked the world of figure skating making people gasp for air asking "Who is this guy?" Magdalena met with him and got some answers.
Photo © Magdalena Osborne
Kristoffer Berntsson
Lives and trains in Landvetter, Sweden
Coach: Andrea Dohony
National and Nordic champion 2004
You started skating at age 5, why did you choose figure skating?
It wasn't really my choice. My parents put me in a skating class and there was a bunch of us guys goofing around having a good time, it was fun! I played hockey as well but didn't like it as much.
Have you ever regretted going into figure skating?
Not because I wanted to do something else instead. But sure, I've been through some rough times but that was a while ago. Right now skating gets more fun every day and I think it's really right for me.
How do people react when you tell them you're a figure skater?
"Oh, really? Cool!"
What was your first competition like?
It was a long time ago, and I didn't skate a program, it was more just elements. To be honest I don't remember that much about it. But my coach Andrea Dohany also coaches "Team Surprise" (reigning world champions in synchronized skating) and I have competed in team skating as well. That wasn't for me though; it was way too hard to keep track of all the other team members.
You have won several national titles.
I won a few times as a junior and have three senior titles so far. One year I didn't compete because of an injury and another time the national championships were at the same time as Europeans and I competed there.
And you just won another Nordic title!
Well, there were only three of us competing and my main competitors were either sick or injured. Still, standing on the top podium listening to the Swedish national anthem is always a thrill although the Nordic title meant more to me last year when I had to fight for it.
Kristoffer with silver medalist Antti Aalto from Finland (left) and bronze medalist Duran O`Hara Lindblom of Sweden (right)
Photo © Carl-Gustaf Ringdahl
You were the first Swede ever to land a triple axel.
My axel is solid now, I first landed it at nationals in Vallentuna back in 2000.It was great, the win from that competition is still my best and it was my first gold at nationals as a senior.
And now you're working on becoming the first Swede with a quad?
Yeah, and I was very close at Nordics! I have been close in practice too and when I didn't have so much competition I decided to try it in my programs. Now we'll see about worlds, a lot can happen until then.
Your short program at Europeans in Budapest was amazing, what went through your head during those 2 ½ minutes?
I was too focused on what to do next to think about what would happen if I made it. I put a lot of energy into the program and I was so concentrated during the skate but afterwards all the tension disappeared and it felt so good, it was pure bliss!
It was probably your best skate ever, did you surprise yourself?
No, not really, I knew I could skate the program clean and I had landed all the jumps in competition before but it was great that everything came together!
The newspapers in Sweden wrote a lot about you and you even made the sports news on TV. What was it like in Budapest?
There were no Swedish journalists in Budapest but some called me and asked for comments. The biggest treat was that I got to skate in the last warm-up group with Plushenko and the others, that was awesome!
You finished 13th, your best result at any Europeans so far. Were you happy with that?
No, I was actually very sad that I didn't make the top ten. If I had, Sweden would have earned a second spot for Europeans next year and Filip Stiller and I could have both gone. We're friends and train in the same city and I wanted badly to earn another spot so we could go together. I'm still disappointed.
Do you get nervous at competitions?
Sure, I get nervous like anyone else but I try hard to focus on what I do and not care about anything else.
Kristoffer with Ela Magnusson (coach of Lina Johansson) in the Kiss and Cry at Nordics
At Europeans in Malmö 2003 you skated for an enthusiastic home crowd. What was it like?
Wonderful, it was just great, Malmö was the best! The audience help so much and I felt no pressure, only support and a cheering crowd makes it so much better to skate! I went to a competition last fall where our only audience were the judges. It was during the day and it was so...dead! Needless to say competing there wasn't much fun...
You've had a very good season, have you done anything differently in your training?
I've had a season with virtually no illness or injuries so the training has gone well. I think I'm also more aware of my skating, especially about the presentation. Earlier my skating was all about being an athlete and expressing myself was embarrassing, but now I enjoy that part too, I've grown into it.
What does a regular day look like?
I have no regular days since I have to work around my classes in school. But besides skating I have gym sessions and I lift weights. I used to do ballet but I didn't care much for it... Skating is the fun part; all these other things are just to make me a better skater!
Besides your home club you train some in Flims in Switzerland and in Russia with Viktor Kudriavtsev.
I've been to his training camps many times. His English is limited and I don't speak Russian so we don't talk all that much, I just do what he shows me, but it's good training.
Where will you train this summer?
Nothing has been decided yet.
If you weren't a skater, what other sport do you think you would be involved in?
I don't have the slightest idea!
What's your favorite move on the ice?
Foot work, I like to go out there and play!
The music to your short program is very modern (Justin Timberlake, Linkin Park) Who chose the music?
I did! I'm the one who has to skate to it so I have to like it! My ears are always listening for good skating music but I don't want music someone else has skated to already so it gets harder and harder to find something good. The short program was choreographed by Zerjon Abede, he's a dancer from Gothenburg. Some girls in my club started taking dance lessons from him and I wanted to do something really different. Igor Bobrin did my free program (to "The Time Machine" by Klaus Badelt.). I got in touch with him through Viktor Kudriavtsev.
Compared to other male skaters your costumes are quite conservative, who makes them?
A lady named Galina Lautkova; she's from Russia but works as a coach and choreographer in Gothenburg. I don't like a lot of glittery stuff or ruffles on my costumes, I don't design them myself but I do have some input.
You competed at the Bofrost Cup on Ice last fall where there was a jumping competition.
It was very cool, instead of a short program we jumped and then had the free skate the next day. It was great to compete that way, and to watch, I think everyone had a blast! I loved it even though I didn't do so well. The first competition of the season was a disaster for me and I wondered if I was ready for the next one, the Finlandia Trophy. But I got bronze there so I was ready!
You have a nice collection of medals, where do you keep them?
I have a special cabinet with glass doors in my room and I keep all the medals in there, it looks very nice.
At Europeans and Worlds this season, the interim judging system is used, but some competitions have applied the Code of Points. Which system do you prefer?
I'm not for the idea of randomly counting only certain judge's marks. And at Euros the ordinals for some skaters ranged from 5 to 25 which made me wonder if the judges were watching the same competition! The off the wall marks are the ones that shouldn't be counted!
I understand the Code of Points and will of course design my programs for the maximum level threes. Whether the system will stop judges from cheating is hard to say, but with so many sets of points given it should be more fair. But I think it was too early to start using the system this season.
Do you have a favorite skater?
When I was younger I never watched skating so I had no favourites. But I think Evgeni Plushenko is in a class of his own, when he takes the ice he owns it! You probably don't feel that presence watching him on TV, but live it's an incredible feeling!
You will compete in Dortmund, what are your expectations there?
To skate three good programs! I managed two in Budapest but at Worlds I want to do all three.
Worlds pretty much ends this season, what are your plans for next year?
I have none yet, but of course I'd like a Grand prix assignment. The Swedish Figure Skating Association will decide which competitions I'll go to but there really aren't that many, I pretty much did them all this year...
Going to Worlds means being away for a week, staying in a hotel, limited ice time etc. How do you pass the time?
I can't train as much as I do at home which is fine, I wouldn't want to anyway, but there's a lot of waiting. I can't say I hang out a lot with other skaters; we might eat together and watch the other disciplines. I watch the ladies and the pairs but in Budapest we had practice during the pair's free skate so I didn't get to see much of them. I don't have a lot of interest in the dance. The singles and the pairs have a lot in common but the dance is so different I can't really tell if they're good or not and I don't know the dancers. But competitions are fun!
Could you consider skating in pairs?
No thanks! I've never tried it but I don't think it'd suit me at all!
You're a student at the Chalmers Institute of Technology, what is your major?
I'm in the electrical engineering program, but it'll take me a while to graduate. I can't combine my training with a full load of classes and I miss a lot when I'm away at competitions. But I'm not in a hurry since I won't quit skating anytime soon, but at some point in the future I could consider working in the field of environmental technology.
What do you do during your time off?
I rest as much as I can. I have no hobby since school and training takes all my time, but someday I'd like to try parachuting again!
What is your celebrity status at home?
Absolutely none and when I'm with my friends we never discuss figure skating. Some of them might watch some competitions on TV is all.
Do people recognize you?
At competitions, sure, and I might do a few interviews and sign some autographs, but other than that, no.
I want to continue competing for a while longer. Right now I love skating and I won't quit while things keep getting better. Maybe later I might do some shows, I don't know. I can't see myself as a coach or a judge but shows are fun. At camp in Switzerland last summer the whole group went to Italy and put on a show, it was great! Or I'll have a job in environmental technology.
What is your figure skating dream?
To win the Olympics! I have never skated in any Olympic games and Turin is only two years away. The Swedish Olympic committee is financing part of the training for Lina Johansson and me and we both want to go!
Do you have any other sponsors?
My hair stylist! My hair has been brown, blonde and red because I wanted to try something new. But last time it was blonde I didn't like it much so I didn't keep it that way for very long.


This is a Garmin Delta XC handheld that is ready to pair to a collar of your choice.
The Garmin Delta XC is designed to be effective, rugged and waterproof with a long-lasting rechargeable, lithium-ion battery. This compact handheld has a simple push-button design and an easy-to-read LCD display. This ergonomically-designed handheld has 3 front "action" buttons for continuous and momentary stimulation, tone and vibration. With 3 correction configurations, the trainer can easily switch between dogs and make immediate corrections when necessary.
Please note, this is the handheld only.


text:
Your 4th Amendment Rights
The 4th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution guarantees freedom from unreasonable search and seizure. This means that law enforcement agents need probable cause, and a warrant in most cases, to search your person or belongings. If there is no probable cause and you are searched illegally, any evidence collected from the search will be excluded from evidence at trial. This has come to be called the Exclusionary Rule.
Probable Cause – There must be enough evidence that a reasonable person would believe a crime was committed. This evidence is presented to a judge who must agree before authorizing the search by granting a warrant.
The purpose of the 4th Amendment is to protect people from being abused by a powerful government. There are strict rules that government agents must follow to search you and seize evidence.
Contrary to popular belief, the right to privacy is not specifically mentioned in the U.S. Constitution. Over the years, the courts have interpreted the 4th Amendment, along with other Amendments such as the 9th, to protect privacy in many situations.
Do you have the same rights at school?
While you don't shed your Constitutional rights when you go to school, they must be balanced with the rights of your classmates, as well as the responsibility of the school to provide a safe environment and a quality education.
Consider these questions as you study the case histories that follow:
Am I protected from unreasonable search and seizure at school?
Does the school need probable cause to search me or my belongings? Does the school need a warrant?
What can my school search, and when?
Weeks v. United States, 1914
Police officers in Kansas City, Missouri went to the house of Mr. Fremont Weeks and used his hidden key to enter and search his home. While there, they took papers, letters, books, and other items. They did not have a search warrant. These items were used in court to find Mr. Weeks guilty of sending lottery tickets through the U.S. mail.
If probable cause is not used to get a search warrant, is the resulting warrantless search a violation of the 4th Amendment?
Mr. Weeks was found guilty in a criminal jury trial in the U.S. District Court for the Western District of Missouri. The guilty verdict was based on the evidence collected from his home. Mr. Weeks then asked the U.S. Supreme Court to review the case.
What do you think the Supreme Court Decided?
The judgment of the district court was reversed. The evidence collected during the illegal search was in violation of the 4th Amendment and was thus inadmissible at the trial. In a criminal investigation, in order for a search to be legal, there must be probable cause. The probable cause must be used to gain a search warrant. If not, the search will be illegal and evidence collected as a result of the search can't be used in court. The Weeks decision was the birth of a new legal doctrine – The Exclusionary Rule.
"If letters and private documents can thus be seized and held and used in evidence against a citizen accused of an offense, the protection of the Fourth Amendment, declaring his right to be secure against such searches and seizures, is of no value, and….might as well be stricken from the Constitution. The efforts of the courts and their officials to bring the guilty to punishment, praiseworthy as they are, are not to be aided by the sacrifice of those great principles established be years of endeavor and suffering which have resulted in… the fundamental law of the land." by author of opinion, Justice William R. Day
The Oyez Project
The opinion of the U.S. Supreme Court
The official version of the opinion can be found in the U.S. Reports at your local law library. Weeks v. United States, 232 U.S. 383 (1914)
New Jersey v. T.L.O., 1985
A female student was searched at school, and the evidence collected was used by the state in her delinquency trial in juvenile court. T.L.O. are the initials of the 14-year old girl who was caught smoking in the bathroom at school. Later, in the assistant vice principal's office, she denied smoking. The assistant vice principal demanded her purse, and found a pack of cigarettes, rolling papers, marijuana, a pipe, plastic bags, a large amount of money, and a list of students who owed her money. The evidence was used by the New Jersey Juvenile Court to find her guilty of delinquency.
Does a warrantless search of a high school student by a school official violate the 4th Amendment?
New Jersey Juvenile Court admitted the evidence and found her guilty of delinquency. She appealed, and the New Jersey Appellate Court affirmed that the evidence was legal and thus admissible. She appealed again, and the New Jersey Supreme Court reversed, saying the search was unreasonable and the evidence must be suppressed. The state of New Jersey then asked the U.S. Supreme Court to review the case.
Students do have 4th Amendment rights at school, but they are balanced with the school's responsibility to maintain a safe and educational environment. The U.S. Supreme Court reversed the New Jersey Supreme Court, holding that school officials can search a student if they have reasonable suspicion. School officials do not need to have probable cause or obtain a search warrant. Reasonable suspicion is a lower standard than the probable cause required for police searches of the public at large.
"Schoolchildren have legitimate expectations of privacy…. But striking the balance between schoolchildren's legitimate expectations of privacy and the school's equally legitimate need to maintain an environment in which learning can take place requires some easing of the restrictions to which searches by public authorities are ordinarily subject." by author of opinion, Justice Byron White.
The official version of the opinion can be found in the U.S. Reports at your local law library. New Jersey v. T.L.O., 469 U.S. 325 (1985)
Vernonia School District v. Acton, 1995
A school district adopted a policy authorizing random drug testing of student athletes.
There was a known drug problem in the school district. Student athletes were among the drug users and dealers. Along with the drug problem came serious student behavior issues. By 1989, disciplinary actions had reached 'epic proportions,' motivating the district to introduce the Student Athlete Drug Policy. James Acton, a 7th grader, refused the testing, and his parents refused to consent to the testing. Because of this, he was not allowed to participate in football. He sued the school district for violating his rights.
Does random drug testing of a public school student by a school official violate the 4th Amendment?
The U.S. District Court of Oregon agreed with the school district. Mr. Acton appealed to the Ninth Circuit U.S. Court of Appeals, which reversed, saying the drug testing policy violated the constitutional rights of students. The school district then asked the U.S. Supreme Court to review the case.
The drug testing policy is reasonable and does not violate the 4th Amendment rights of the students. Students do have rights at school, but those rights must be balanced with the school's responsibility to provide a safe environment.
"In the present case, …this evil is being visited not just upon individuals at large, but upon children for whom it has undertaken a special responsibility of care and direction. …It must not be lost sight of that this program is directed more narrowly to drug use by school athletes, where the risk of immediate physical harm to the drug user or those with whom he is playing his sport is particularly high. Apart from psychological effects, which include impairment of judgment, slow reaction time, and a lessening of the perception of pain, the particular drugs screened by the District's Policy have been demonstrated to pose substantial physical risks to athletes." by author of opinion, Justice Antonin Scalia.
The official version of the opinion can be found in the U.S. Reports at your local law library. Vernonia School District v. Acton, 515 U.S. 646 (1995)
Safford Unified School District v. Redding, 2009
Savana Redding was a 13-year-old student. A male student reported that another girl, Marissa Glines, had given him a prescription-strength ibuprofen pill. A search of Marissa's day planner and pockets revealed more of the pills and some weapons. Marissa then reported the day planner belonged to Savana, and that Savana had given her the pills. Savana was then searched – a search which included not only her backpack and pockets, but also inside her undergarments. She sued the school district for violating her rights.
Does a strip search of a public school student by a school official violate the 4th Amendment?
The U.S. District Court for the District of Arizona agreed with the school district that there was no violation of the 4th Amendment. Ms. Redding appealed to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit. The Ninth Circuit en banc agreed with her claim that her 4th Amendment rights had been violated. The school district then asked the U.S. Supreme Court to review the case.
The strip search by school officials in this case was not legal. It was unreasonable considering the nature of the offense and the facts of the case.
"Because there were no reasons to suspect the drugs presented a danger or were concealed in her underwear, we hold that the search did violate the Constitution. In sum, what was missing from the suspected facts that pointed to Savana was any indication of danger to the students from the power of the drugs or their quantity, and any reason to suppose that Savana was carrying pills in her underwear. We think that the combination of these deficiencies was fatal to finding the search reasonable." by author of opinion, Justice David Souter
The official version of the opinion can be found in the U.S. Reports at your local law library. Safford Unified School District v. Redding, 557 U.S. ___ (2009)
Congratulations - you have completed Your 4th Amendment Rights. You scored %%SCORE%% out of %%TOTAL%%. Your performance has been rated as %%RATING%%
The decision that drug tests for student athletes are reasonable was made in which case?
Weeks v. United States
New Jersey v. T.L.O.
Vernonia School District v. Acton
Safford Unified School District v. Redding
Which case decided that strip searching a student is not reasonable in a case where there was no indication of danger?
The exclusionary rule for criminal investigations was established by which case?
Which case established reasonable suspicion as the standard for searches at public schools?
1 2 3 4 End
A landmark case is a court case that is studied because it has historical and legal significance. The most significant cases are those that have had a lasting effect on the application of a certain law, often concerning your individual rights and liberties.
Why Study Landmark Cases?
Your 1st Amendment Rights
Civil Rights and Equal Protection
The Power of Judicial Review
Cases From Missouri


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Guzmán el Bueno (Madrid Metro)
Guzmán el Bueno is a station on Line 6 and Line 7 of the Madrid Metro located underneath the Avenida de la Reina Victoria between the neighborhoods of Vallehermoso in Chamberí district and Ciudad Universitaria in Moncloa-Aravaca district in Madrid. It is in fare Zone A.[1][2] The station was named after the medieval Spanish nobleman Alonso Pérez de Guzmán, known as Guzmán el Bueno ("Guzmán the Good").
Guzmán el Bueno
Madrid Metro station
Line 6 platforms at Guzmán el Bueno showing the sword tilework motif
Chamberí / Moncloa-Aravaca, Madrid
40°26′47″N 3°42′44″W / 40.446362°N 3.7122904°W / 40.446362; -3.7122904Coordinates: 40°26′47″N 3°42′44″W / 40.446362°N 3.7122904°W / 40.446362; -3.7122904
CRTM
Fare zone
13 January 1987 (1987-01-13)
Madrid Metro
clockwise / outer
Vicente Aleixandre
anticlockwise / inner
Islas Filipinas
toward Hospital del Henares
Francos Rodríguez
toward Pitis
Location within Madrid
The station opened on 13 January 1987 when Line 6 was extended from Cuatro Caminos to Ciudad Universitaria.[3] At the time, it was one of the deepest stations in the network, at some 40 m (130 ft) beneath the surface. The platforms feature tile mosaics of towers and swords, referencing the historical figure Guzmán el Bueno. On 12 February 1999, the Line 7 platforms were inaugurated as part of an extension of the line from Canal to Valdezarza.[4] At the same time, elevators were installed, making the station accessible.
^ "Línea 6 Circular". Metro de Madrid. Retrieved 5 September 2019.
^ "Línea 7". Metro de Madrid. Retrieved 5 September 2019.
^ César de Navascués (14 January 1987). "Inaugurado el tramo de Metro que va a la Ciudad Universitaria" [Metro service to University City inaugurated]. ABC (in Spanish). Retrieved 21 November 2017.
^ Fernando Neira (13 February 1999). "La línea 7 del metro se alarga más de cuatro kilómetros hasta Valdezarza" [Metro Line 7 extended more than four kilometers to Valdezarza]. El País (in Spanish). Retrieved 21 November 2017.
This article about a Spanish railway station is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
This Madrid Metro article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Guzmán_el_Bueno_(Madrid_Metro)&oldid=976295685"


Is the M9 a serious Landscape Camera?
There's been a lot of questions raised on whether or not the Leica M9 can hack it as a "serious landscape" camera.
The short answer is yes. The slightly longer answer is why not.
Admittedly my exposure to Leica and the M9 only began 18 months ago (February 2010) however in the short time I've had the pleasure of using it I've developed a certain fondness for it; especially in respect to landscape work.
The M9 as a rangefinder camera is not an easy camera to use (but then again the Cambo WRS my primary landscape camera isn't either). I think people tend to think that having all the bells and whistles is needed for "good" photography. There simply isn't a camera being offered in any format that will make you a better photographer. Hard work, testing the limits of yourself and your gear does. Experimentation goes a long way as well. That being said I have found the M9 opening my eyes to see the world around me slightly different.
I used the M9 in Yosemite shortly after getting it and was more than pleased. Since getting the M9 I've used it in capturing landscape in Yosemite, Death Valley, Hovenweep National Monument, Moab, and Jackson Hole WY just to mention a few. I've used the M9 to capture landscape as well as nature and in some cases even wildlife. Most recently I used it in and around Page AZ where I captured images in slot canyons.
The original thought in getting the M9 was to use it as a companion camera to my medium format thinking I could use it to scout areas I'd want to return to do "serious" work. I was proved wrong within the first couple weeks. I feel and have written about this before, that the M9 holds its own against my primary landscape gear and I feel the M9 is a full-partner to my medium format system. I recently came back from a week in Utah where I used both the medium format and M9 to capture landscape. I returned from that trip with 2-images, 1- taken with the P65+ the other with the M9. The only caveat is printing size with the largest print size for the M9 being 24x36.
So again the answer to the question of whether or not is a Leica M9 capable of being a serious landscape camera is yes. But you have to work for it.
While my answer here might not be technical I feel the images speak for themselves.
Thank you as always for visiting and please remember your comments, suggestions, and questions are always welcome.
Tombstone is a 2-hour drive southeast of Tucson. Arriving late morning and hungry we decided to grab lunch at Big Nose Kates Saloon where we met Courtney. The inside is the saloon is rather dark however setting the Nokton wide-open at f/1.1 and the ISO set on auto we were able to get a couple great images. While primarily a landscape photographer I think I was able to get a couple decent images of Courtney who I wish to thank very much for standing still while I figured out the focus.
The remainder of the images were all taken while walking Allen Street.
There's an old buckboard wagon that's been sitting on a corner for as long as we've been going to Tombstone. The last time I was here I had a Canon G10 and took several images and had to capture more on this visit. While the wagon has seen better days I've always been drawn to the wheels and undercarriage. These were all taken in bright noon light.
We traveled very light on this visit taking just the Leica M9 with the Voigtlander Nokton 50mm 1.1 attached and a spare battery. The images were all processed using a combination of Photoshop CS5 and Nik Software (either Silver Efex Pro or HDR Efex Pro). The plan (at least for now) is to see if I touch my Summicron 50mm before deciding what to do with it. The more I use the Nokton the more I like it and the more I think I'd like the .95 Noctilux however I'll have to wait until my ship comes in and I fear they haven't even laid the keel yet.
I've ordered a Hoya ND filter for the lens and hope to test the combination with wide-open shooting shortly.
I wish to thank once again Courtney at Big Nose Kates Saloon and Geri at The Shady Ladies Closet for allowing me to photograph them. And as always, thank you for visiting and please remember your comments, suggestions and questions are always welcome. Next year Arizona celebrates its 100 year anniversary as a state - if you plan on visiting please remember Tombstone.
When we learned the Eastern Pinal Regional Coalition Against Domestic Violence (EPRCADV) was seeking ways to raise funds for a new resource center in San Manuel Arizona we thought we'd help. The EPRCADV is a new origination in the area with great ideas. Their plan is to kick off their new resource center in September then later on join the Pima County Coalition and offer a safe shelter in the Catalina area which will serve the needs of the local area within both counties.
We felt that one of the ways we could offer assistance is by donating a printed image for a raffle and Desert View Panorama came to mind.
Desert View Panorama is a 30x60 image printed on canvas and stretched on heavy-duty stretcher bars. This image was captured in the South Rim of the Grand Canyon August 2007 and has received great attention first in a printed article and later licensed by the camera manufacture for use in trade shows. This image is offered as a limited edition of 25 with number 20 currently being offered for sale.
When we decided to donate the image we also decided to make it even more special than what it already is. The image is printed with a higher percentage of ink giving it an even deeper, richer tone quality. The image is also printed on the new Epson Exhibition Canvas that gives professional photographers and fine artists museum worthy image quality and durability.
We offer our standard 30x60 print at $3,100 and have placed a value of this print at $4,000. This print being offered here is not part of the numbered edition and is considered an artist proof. The certificate included with the image specifies this image as being printed specifically for the Eastern Pinal Regional Coalition Against Domestic Violence.
The raffle begins shortly with a minimum of 150 tickets needed to be purchased out of a maximum of 250 total. The raffle tickets are $20.00 each with the anticipated drawing on December 15, 2011. The winner of the image will be responsible for any shipping.
Please help by contacting one of the above individuals and make a commitment to purchase a raffle ticket. Thank You!
I went to Yosemite shortly after getting the M9 in 2010 and found I fell in love shooting landscape with it. I started out originally with 3-focal lengths, Summicron 35mm f/2 and 50mm f/2 as well as a Summarit 90mm f/2.5. I enjoyed using this trio adding an Elmarit 24mm f/2.8 in August and later in September I was fortunate in finding a 135mm f/3.4 APO Telyt juts before going to Jackson Hole WY.
I've used the 5-lenses with great success shooting in Yosemite, Yellowstone, Teton National Parks, as well as in Jackson Wyoming and Arizona and Utah in such places as Monument Valley, and in slot Canyons and Cliff Dwellings.
What I'm leading up to is that shortly after I returned from my first trip with the Leica I met a friend and fellow Leica photographer for lunch and "show and tell". I was a Leica neophyte (and in many ways still am) and welcomed the chance to meet with and discuss various lenses available for my M9. It was here that I was introduced to the Voigtlander Nokton 50mm f/1.1.
One of the things I enjoy about using the Leica system is the size of the lenses. I can fit 2 or 3 in my hand. I can place the 35mm or 50mm in the palm of my hand and close it and feel like I'm holding something slight larger than a roll of quarters. I've gone on walks (Fort Apache & Kinishba Ruins) where I have a lens connected and carry a spare in my pocket with no need to carry a bag.
The size of the 50mm has one downsize and that is often times it's so small my hand envelops it as I try for critical focus. I've learned to work around it however.
Going back to my lunch meeting with the Voigtlander; I remember being very impressed with the size, the general feel in my hands, as well as the all too few sample image files I left with. I remember returning home and telling Sandy about the lens and how impressed I was saying "someday".
Someday came last month. I finally ordered a new Voigtlander Nokton 50mm f/1.1 from Stephen Gandy's CameraQuest paying a total of $1014 including shipping.
I've been experimenting with the lens for the past couple weeks shooting in normal to low light normally found in various rooms; all at f/1.1 and have been very pleased with the results. So far what I've done is have the ISO set to "Auto" and changed the shutter speed.
I want to thank our good friends Marykay and Mike for allowing me to use them and their puppies in my experimentation.
I've found the Voigtlander easy to use handheld as it just feels "right" in my hand. I've also found this lens to be extremely easy to focus and in the end the image files are great.
One final note: Please don't misconstrue the testing as anything other than my attempt to be familiar with what I can hope to accomplish with the lens.
Thank you as always for allowing me to share and please remember your questions, suggestions and comments are always welcome.


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History, trivia
Today in History: Dec. 2
Posted on December 2, 2016 by Mark Aldrich
"To be a king is to inherit old ideas and genealogy. I don't want to descend from anyone."—Napoleon Bonaparte
On this date in 1804, Napoleon was crowned (or crowned himself) Emperor Napoleon 1 of France, because he did not want to be merely king.
The crown was one that had been designed for him, as the crown worn by the King of France was destroyed during the French Revolution. As Pope Pius VII brought it forward, he took the crown from the pope's hands and placed it on his head himself, in order to forestall any potential papal claim over his throne. In November, French voters had approved Napoleon's new constitution, which named him emperor, by a 99.93% to 0.07% margin.
Napoleon then crowned his wife, Joséphine, empress.
A portion of Jacques-Louis David's huge (20 feet tall by 32 feet long!) 1808 painting of the moment in which Napoleon crowned himself is at top.
Enron filed for bankruptcy 15 year ago today.
Until the election of 1848, American voters cast their ballots throughout the month of November in election years.
The Presidential elections that concluded on December 2 are: the election of 1812, in which James Madison was re-elected; the election of 1824, in which John Quincy Adams was elected to his one term; 1828, in which Andrew Jackson defeated Adams; and 1840, in which William Henry Harrison defeated President Martin Van Buren.
La Guardia Airport began operations on this date in 1939.
Boeing gave the public its first view of its new plane, the 747, in a transcontinental flight(Seattle to New York City) on this date in 1969. Two weeks later, the first 747 was delivered to Pan Am, and the plane was certified by the FAA at the end of the year. According to Boeing, the company has built and delivered 1527 of the various 747 models (there have been 21 models) between 1969 and November 2016.
Philip Larkin died on this date in 1985. Desi Arnaz died 30 years ago today. Aaron Copland died on this date in 1990. Robertson Davies died 21 years ago today; a quote from him: "Authors like cats because they are such quiet, lovable, wise creatures, and cats like authors for the same reasons." Ron Santo died six years ago today.
Adolph Green was born in 1914 on this date. Maria Callas was born on this date in 1923. "È Strano …" from La Traviata:
Jonathan Frid was born on this date in 1924. Julie Harris was born on this date in 1925. Gianni Versace was born 70 years ago today.
Edwin Meese is 85. Senator Harry Reid is 77 today. Cathy Lee Crosby is 72. Penelope Spheeris is 71. T. Coraghessan Boyle is 68. Stone Phillips is 62. Ann Patchett is 53. Rena Sofer is 48. Monica Seles is 43. Jason Collins is 38. Britney Spears is 35.
Today in History: December 1
'Aubade' by Philip Larkin
Julie · December 2, 2016
Thanks for the Maria Callas clip. It brought pleasant childhood memories to my Friday morning.


Description Summary: The lovers of Basketball cannot ignore the significance of using the latest NBA Live Mobile Guide to optimize the fun factor in the game. There are lots of players who prefer to play the game with the help of NBA Live Mobile Guide to gain more VC or virtual currency. The role of VC is immense in any virtual game. This is the source of all the excitement you can gain from the game. Thus, it is important that you have a constant flow of VC in your account whenever you play the game. In the general process of the game it is a time taking matter. Thus, the world of virtual games prefers to get the help from the guide to gain unlimited resources in this game. Why The Game Is So Famous? This is a basketball stimulation online game that has a huge fan following all over the world. If you are a basketball lover, then you cannot miss this excitement. • The game has all the elements that can stimulate the excitement of National Basketball Association or NBA. • The players have to play the NBA games with created or the real players as well as teams. There are several game modes available for the same. • Players can use the latest NBA Live Mobile Tricks to obtain more and more VC in the game so that they can easily gain all the thrill without spending the real money. What Are The Main Features Of The Game? The game has many excitements to offer to the players who play the game in a regular manner. If you are interested, then you have to have patience. • The players can play the game in various modes. There are regular season NBA games, Summer League games, Playoff games, and others as well. • As a player you main target is to obtaining more and more NBA Live Mobile Free VC to enhance your position in the game. • You can create your own basketball players and let them be the most talented players of the world. The players need to go through the basketball career to have the right skill. How Can The Game Can Excite You? It is known to all that people love virtual games because it offers a lot of excitement and fun to them. The more exciting game you play, the more thrill you can feel. • Before you decide How To Guide NBA Live Mobile, you should know some more details about the fun part of the game. • You can enhance the excitement of this game by customize the skill set, physical appearance as well as the attributes of any player as per your desire. • The same rules apply for your team. You can customize your own team once you build the same. The more interesting features you can add the more thrill you can expect. What Are The Other Stories? The game has every element of being a great virtual basketball game. Though, at some point you may think that your real NBA game experience can help you to perform better in this virtual version of the same. The game has an amazing soundtrack which is created by some famous DJs. The game is perfect for those who love the excitement of the basketball matches along with fine graphics and sound tracks.


We are a second generation family business. Specialists in exterior renovations from sunrooms to gutters. We started the business as a vinyl siding company and grew to a window manufacturer. We are the number one choice of Islanders for home renovations.
What types of siding services do Wallace exterior contractors provide?
Wood siding needs more maintenance than less-expensive, low-maintenance vinyl siding, but with proper care it will outlast vinyl siding, which can fade and crack over time. Your Wallace, NS contractor might also suggest fiber cement siding, which is fire resistant and termite-proof and can come with a warranty of up to 50 years.
Find siding and exterior contractors in Wallace, NS on Houzz. Narrow your search in the Professionals section to Wallace, NS siding and exterior contractors. Find out how long a Wallace, NS exterior remodeling contractor has been in business, view portfolios, read reviews and get contact information.


This bee is different from all the rest: he doesn't sting! What more do we need to say? Burnie (real name: Vanburn von Bumble Bee) measures 5.5 inches long when completed.
Black, yellow and white Ella Rae Classic (220 yards/skein) used in sample, less than 30 yards of each color required. This pattern can be used with any weight yarn, but plan on using more yardage for bulkier yarns.
Pingback: My first crocheting projects | I like to be creative!


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Q: Android webgl concept? is it possible to develop the webgl applications in android?which version of android is supporting this means which version of mobile browser is doing?

A: Just to update this, Firefox mobile, aka Fennec, now runs on high-end android phones and supports webgl. Some of the demos will run a little slowly... this is the case for most processing.js 3d code since it seems to not use highly optimized webgl. Some of the demos, especially those written in the "thin layer" webgl frameworks like spidergl run pretty well.
Your android device must support arm7 instruction set to run Fennec. This rules out low-end phones, but Evo class, tablets, etc will run it fine.

A: Looks like none of the Android browsers support it at the moment but it is planned for the Android browser (no eta specified) and also for Firefox Mobile (july 1, 2011).

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Apr. 28, 2017 | 12:08 AM
A quagmire of death
A still image taken from a video posted to a social media website and said to be shot on April 27, 2017, shows explosions and rising flames amid lights in distance, said to be shot in Damascus, Syria. Social Media Website via Reuters TV
A version of this article appeared in the print edition of The Daily Star on April 28, 2017, on page 7.
The quagmire of violence in Syria intensifies by the day.
The Syrian government has been making false threats such as these from long before the conflict there began.
Thursday's strike, if reports are to be believed, follows the usual pattern of targeting Iranian-supplied arms to hamstring Hezbollah's ability to attack Israel from Syria and Lebanon.
Both President Bashar Assad and the Kremlin spoke in generalities about the raid, offering hollow words as explanation for their inability to keep Syria's enemy out.


text:
Q: How do we choose the business logic when building a Jhipster application? When creating a entity with the Jhipster helper, it asks
? Do you want to use separate service class for your business logic? (Use arrow keys)
> No, the REST controller should use the repository directly
  Yes, generate a separate service class
  Yes, generate a separate service interface and implementation

In which case should I use which option?
What are the benefits and flaws of each solution?
Is it possible to change easily the architecture once everything is set?

A: IMHO it depends on how complex your application is going to be and how long you plan on having to maintain it.
If your domain model is quite simple and your REST controllers are straightforward CRUD operations without complex mapping, you can get away without using a separate service layer.
If your domain model or interactions get more complex, you might need a 'Separation of Concerns': your Controller classes should just map REST calls from/to the correct DTO's for the REST API, and business logic and coordination between different entities should go in a service class that does not have anything to do with the REST API. In the long term, that makes it easier to make changes in the REST API separate from changes in the business logic.
Some blog posts to read:
https://www.petrikainulainen.net/software-development/design/understanding-spring-web-application-architecture-the-classic-way/
https://blog.cleancoder.com/uncle-bob/2012/08/13/the-clean-architecture.html
Then about the decision to use interfaces or not. The main advantages of using interfaces used to be that it allowed better testing and avoided coupling modules too close. But since 2010, there has been a lot of discussion whether it's worth the overhead. Maybe start reading the discussion underneath Adam Bien's original post:
https://www.adam-bien.com/roller/abien/entry/service_s_new_serviceimpl_why


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          </title><meta name="author" content="Herbert Weir Smyth"/><meta name="generator" content="Text Encoding Initiative Consortium XSLT stylesheets"/><meta name="DC.Title" content="

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            AGREEMENT: THE CONCORDS

 Up: Part IV: Syntax Previous:
            EXPANSION OF THE SIMPLE SENTENCE
           Next:
            THE SUBJECT

925

There are three concords in simple sentences:

1. A finite verb agrees with its subject in number and person (949).

2. A word in apposition with another word agrees with it in case (976).

3. An adjective agrees with its substantive in gender, number, and case
                (1020).

(For the concord of relative pronouns, see 2501.)

926

Apparent violation of the concords is to be explained either by

a.
              Construction according to sense, where the
              agreement is with the real gender or number (e.g. 949 a, 950-953, 958, 996, 997, 1013,
              1044, 1050, 1055 a, 1058 b); or by

b.
              Attraction, when a word does not have its
              natural construction because of the influence of some other word or words in its
              clause (e.g. 1060 ff., 1239, 1978, 2465, 2502, 2522 ff.). This principle extends to
              moods and tenses (2183 ff.).

<address> Herbert Weir Smyth.

This work is licensed under a
            Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 3.0 United States License.

</address>

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What Do Polish People Look Like?
Posted on April 3, 2020 by
A Look At Polish Women
There are indications that the processes that led to the institution of the Piast state began during the interval ca. During these years, a tremendous civilizational advancement happened in central Greater Poland, because the unearthed products of every kind which have been found are better made and extra elaborate. The timing coincides with the breakdown of the Great Moravian state caused by the Magyar invasions.
The Origin Of The Polish People
In consequence, despite the restricted liberalization measures allowed in Congress Poland underneath the rule of Tsar Alexander II of Russia, a renewal of well-liked liberation actions took place in 1860–1861. During giant-scale demonstrations in Warsaw, Russian forces inflicted numerous casualties on the civilian participants. The "Red", or left-wing faction of Polish activists, which promoted peasant enfranchisement and cooperated with Russian revolutionaries, turned concerned in quick preparations for a national uprising.
Religion In Poland
Early Medieval Pomeranians used to inhabit the complete land situated to the north of Polans, between Noteć and the Baltic Sea. In the east, they extended as far as the Vistula Lagoon, and their eastern neighbours were Baltic-speaking Prussians. Krynica Morska was the easternmost Slavic-talking village on the Baltic coast, while the realm of Truso (today Elbląg) to the south was ethnically Old Prussian. Only Eastern Pomeranians preserved their Slavic ethnicity, and are generally generally known as Kashubians right now. Kashubians who have been beneath Polish rule through the 16th–18th centuries remained Roman Catholic, while those that lived in Brandenburg-Prussia within the 1700s, became Lutherans following the Protestant Reformation.
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As regards precise navy campaigns, some Polish historians have argued that simply resisting the preliminary invasion of Poland was the nation's best contribution to the victory over Nazi Germany, despite its defeat. The Polish Army of nearly one million men considerably delayed the start of the Battle of France, planned by the Germans for 1939. When the Nazi offensive within the West did happen, the delay triggered it to be much less effective, a possibly essential issue within the victory of the Battle of Britain.
Local languages within the region can't be identified by archeological research, and genetic analysis of cremation burial stays has not been possible. The japanese cradle of the Slavs can also be immediately confirmed by a written source. The anonymous writer often known as the Cosmographer of Ravenna (c. 700) names Scythia, a geographic region encompassing vast areas of eastern Europe, because the place "the place the generations of the Sclaveni had their beginnings". Scythia, "stretching far and spreading wide" within the jap and southern instructions, had at the west end, as seen on the time of Jordanes' writing (first half to mid-sixth century) or earlier, "the Germans and the river Vistula". During the 10th century, the Lechitic Western Polans (Polanie, lit. "folks of the open fields") turned out to be of decisive historic importance.
A study of Icelandic and Dutch adults discovered green eyes to be much more prevalent in women than in men. Among European Americans, green eyes are commonest among those of current Celtic and Germanic ancestry, about sixteen%.[quotation needed] 37.2% of Italians from Verona and fifty six% of Slovenes have blue/inexperienced eyes. Gray eyes can be found among the many Algerian Shawia individuals of the Aurès Mountains in Northwest Africa, within the Middle East, Central Asia, and South Asia. Under magnification, gray eyes exhibit small amounts of yellow and brown colour in the iris.
At that time, a large Soviet counter-offensive pushed the Poles out of most of Ukraine. On the northern front, the Soviet military reached the outskirts of Warsaw in early August. Afterwards, more Polish army successes followed, and the Soviets had to pull again. They left swathes of territory populated largely by Belarusians or Ukrainians to Polish rule. To maintain this army machine and meet other state expenses, massive amounts of revenue were needed.
He initiated the policy of sustaining an equal distance and an adjustable center course concerning the two nice neighbors, later continued by Józef Beck. Piłsudski stored private management of the army, nevertheless it was poorly outfitted, poorly trained and had poor preparations in place for attainable future conflicts.
Independent of distant powers, the Slavic tribes in Poland lived a comparatively undisturbed life, but at the price of some backwardness in civilization. With the most important inhabitants shifts of the Slavic migrations accomplished, the eighth century introduced a measure of stability to the Slavic folks settled in Poland. About a million individuals actively utilized no more than 20–25% of the land; the remainder was primarily forest.
Dating may involve two or more individuals who have already determined that they share romantic or sexual feelings towards each other. These folks polish women could have dates on a regular basis, they usually could or may not be having sexual relations.
This could also be because of the deposition of the yellow pigment referred to as lipochrome in the iris (which is also present in inexperienced eyes). Amber eyes shouldn't be confused with hazel eyes; although hazel eyes may comprise specks of amber or gold, they often are likely to comprise many other colors, including inexperienced, brown and orange. Also, hazel eyes could appear to shift in colour and include flecks and ripples, while amber eyes are of a stable gold hue. Even though amber is taken into account to be like gold, some folks have russet or copper coloured amber eyes that many people mistake for hazel, though hazel tends to be duller and contains green with purple/gold flecks, as mentioned above.
However, the general economic scenario within the interwar period was considered one of stagnation. There was little money for funding inside Poland, and few foreigners were excited about investing there. Total industrial production barely increased between 1913 and 1939 (inside the space delimited by the 1939 borders), however because of population progress (from 26.three million in 1919 to 34.8 million in 1939), the per capita output actually decreased by 18%. The Great Depression brought low costs for farmers and unemployment for workers.
Poland endured quite a few financial calamities and disruptions in the early Nineteen Twenties, together with waves of workers' strikes such as the 1923 Kraków riot. The German–Polish customs struggle, initiated by Germany in 1925, was one of the damaging external elements that put a pressure on Poland's economy. On the other hand, there were also indicators of progress and stabilization, for instance a important reform of funds carried out by the competent authorities of Władysław Grabski, which lasted nearly two years. Certain different achievements of the democratic period having to do with the administration of governmental and civic institutions necessary to the functioning of the reunited state and nation had been too easily ignored. Lurking on the sidelines was a disgusted army officer corps unwilling to subject itself to civilian management, however able to comply with the retired Piłsudski, who was extremely well-liked with Poles and simply as dissatisfied with the Polish system of government as his former colleagues within the navy.
In the past, these kinds were reserved for hereditary nobles, and performed more or less the identical position as "Lord" or "Sir" and "Lady" or "Madame" in English. Since the 19th century, they have come to be used in all strata of society and may be considered equal to the English "Mr." and "Ms." or the Japanese "san" suffix, whereas nobles could be addressed "Jego/Jej Miłość Pan/Pani" (His/Her Grace Lord/Lady). There was a separate fashion, Panna ("Miss"), applied to single women, but this is now outdated and largely changed by Pani. When Polish people to migrate to countries with different languages and cultures, the usually-difficult spelling and pronunciation of Polish names generally cause them to be misspelled or changed, typically by transliteration into, for instance, Cyrillic. In the 19th century, a wave of seemingly noble sounding surnames started to appear among the many frequent inhabitants, where a major number of the bourgeoisie class, and even the peasantry, started to undertake or bear the noble -ski suffix.
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Naomi Osaka eased past Kristina Mladenovic to begin her Indian Wells Open title defence on Saturday.
Stunned by Mladenovic in Dubai last month, Osaka had no such problems in California, claiming a 6-3 6-4 victory in the second round.
The Japanese world number one was too strong for Mladenovic, hitting 24 winners and 24 unforced errors in one hour, 21 minutes.
Osaka will next face Australian Open semi-finalist Danielle Collins, who thrashed Kirsten Flipkens.
The champion in Melbourne, Osaka broke in the sixth game of the first set against Mladenovic, closing it out after a tough hold in the ninth.
.@Naomi_Osaka_ takes the first set, 6-3!
A break to begin the second set put her in complete control before another gritty hold for 4-2, although there would be a brief stumble.
Osaka gave up serve at 5-2 with a double fault and was pushed again in the 10th game, but Mladenovic sent a forehand return long on match point to give the 21-year-old victory.


The different rules and regulations, the financing, the search, the home buying process can drive you up a wall. Preparing yourself to make smart real estate decisions through self-education is extremely important.
Try to contact your former clients around the holidays and during anniversaries of their purchases. When they hear from you again, they will know that they helped during your buying selling experience. At the end of your message, let them know you work on referrals and would love it if they passed your information on to their friends and family.
If you have or plan to have a big family, you need to find a home that will be big enough for everyone. Your new home should be equipped for safety; consider this wisely if your home has a swimming pool or steep stairs. If children have been raised in this house, it should be safe.
Homes that need extensive repairs or renovations are often sold for cheaper than other homes. This lets you pocket some extra cash up front, and then you can make the repairs on your schedule. You are creating the exact home you want, while simultaneously adding value with every project. Focus on the positive aspects of a home, while still being realistic about what it will cost to make necessary improvements. An awesome home can often be coaxed from the shadows of superficial ugliness.
Use these tips to start getting what you need to buy your home. Use what you've learned in your search to avoid the missteps others have taken before you. Your search will soon yield a brand new house to call home. Enjoy!


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There are many factors that influence a child's development during the critical first brain-building years. Elements of health, learning, social services, and others combine to provide the foundation for the brain's rapidly growing architecture. Helping coordinate these elements into a coherent, aligned whole -- systems building -- is a key part of our work.
The Virginia Early Childhood Foundation serves as the convener between public and private sectors to increase efficiencies, encourage innovation and create partnerships. The Foundation acts as the backbone for a statewide network of Smart Beginnings collaborative partnerships that convene community leaders to build the capacity of local communities to create optimal environments for children's growth and development.
To learn more about systems building and its importance to school readiness, watch this two minute video from the Build Initiative.
An early childhood system is only as good as the quality of its programs and its teachers. This is why VECF places so much emphasis on supporting continuous cycles of improvement to ensure every child and family has access to high-quality learning opportunities which lead directly to school readiness.
On the program level, VECF co-administers the Virginia Quality rating and improvement system with the Virginia Department of Social Services. Virginia Quality is a way for providers to be acknowledged and supported in implementing research-backed best practices.
On the teacher level, VECF helps lead several initiatives around quality, including a major push for increasing the skills of our early learning workforce. For more detail, click here.
If used strategically, data can be an invaluable tool in helping to shape an effective and efficient early childhood system.
VECF is committed to making sure the Commonwealth's early childhood data systems are able to guide and support the broader system, and that research across the state is being coordinated and connected in ways that lead to a meaningful impact on children's school readiness. Learn more about VECF's work to support data capacity at both the state and local level through the development of an Early Childhood Integrated Data System (ECIDS) and capacity-building grants to communities.
VECF also works to ensure that the Commonwealth's policymakers have access to the information they need to make policy decisions that support a healthy and effective early childhood sector. This includes access to local and national research, best practices from other states, and on-the-ground experiences of stakeholders.


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Ireland: Bug That Killed Heroin Addicts Identified By Scientists
Media Awareness Project16 Jun 2000 – Irish Examiner
Author: Conor Keane
BUG THAT KILLED HEROIN ADDICTS IDENTIFIED BY SCIENTISTSA SOIL BASED bacteria that thrives in dead flesh has been identified as the heroin contaminant which caused the deaths of 37 addicts in Ireland, Scotland, England and Wales.
Clostridium novyi Type A is the name of the bacteria which health experts believe caused the deaths of the 36 injecting heroin users.
Experts at the Public Health Laboratory Service in Cardiff, Wales, and at the Centre for Disease Control in Atlanta, Georgia, are now satisfied that the bacteria clostridium novyi Type A is the source of the illness which baffled health chiefs since it first emerged in Glasgow on April 19.
Professor Brian Duerden, medical director of the Public Health Laboratory Service said: "Clostridium novyi Type A is well known as a cause of severe infection in domestic animals but rarely does so in humans.
"As far as we know, this is the first time this bacteria strain has ever caused an outbreak of infection in drug injectors."
The bacterium was first identified at the beginning of the last century and was responsible for thousands of deaths during the First World War.
A spokesman for the Greater Glasgow Health Board said: "Our suspicion is that these clostridium have been in the heroin that the patients have been injecting. We might be talking about bacteria, but basically this is a human tragedy."
He said the new cases which emerged in recent days show the bad batch of heroin is still in use.
The bacteria, which is not always fatal, has killed more than 50% of those who have contracted it since April.
Eight of the 15 heroin addicts who were infected in Dublin died, along with 20 of the 43 addicts infected in Glasgow, and nine of the 16 victims in England and Wales.
The bacteria's spores can lie dormant in soil for months or years, and only become active in very particular circumstances, as the bacteria can only live in an oxygen free environment.
The illness has only affected drug users who inject heroin directly into muscle as opposed to a blood vein and women seem to be more susceptible than men to the illness.
Experts believe that the injection site may have dead tissue close by, which has no oxygen supply and allows the spores to activate and grow.
The scientists also speculate that the citric acid often added to the drug before injecting may help activate the dormant spores.
The bacteria does not cause problems but powerful toxins they release travel throughout the body wreaking havoc with vital organs including the heart.
Medical experts urge addicts with symptoms to get to hospital quickly. The infection is difficult to treat, even with modern antibiotics, but surgeons may be able to cut away the dead tissue containing the bacteria to save patients.
MAP posted-by: Keith Brilhart
Sådan får stofbrugerne gratis heroin
(English) After the War on Drugs: Blueprint for Regulation
Miltbrand i heroin: Tæller stofbrugerliv overhovedet?
Fagligt Selskab for Misbrugerbehandling
The Danish Street Lawyers
Tid til danske heroinforsøg og fixerum


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The Catholic Case for Guns
Eric Sammons
I'm not really a "gun guy." A month after my birth my eldest cousin died in a hunting accident, and after that tragedy my family pulled back from guns in general. They didn't become anti-gun, but guns were not part of my life growing up. In fact, I didn't handle a firearm until I was in my 30's. Needless to say, I've never been part of so-called "gun culture."
But like everyone else in America I am witnessing the gun debate being brought to the forefront once again as a result of the school shooting in Michigan.
Cue the script. I have no intention of minimizing the unique individual suffering of such miserable events, but we all know what inevitably follows them. Since a gun was used in a high-profile case of violence, the corporate press immediately renews its push for stricter gun control laws, and 2nd Amendment backers quickly respond with arguments defending the possession and safe use of guns. Rinse and repeat.
On each of these two sides one finds Catholics professing that theirs is the valid Catholic viewpoint. Certain American Catholics argue that limiting gun ownership protects human dignity. Others counter that a just and free society—the best guarantor of human dignity—requires a broad interpretation of the 2nd Amendment. Why?
Setting aside the use of guns as tools for hunting or sport, there are two main legitimate purposes for a gun: protection and deterrence.
Of course, a gun can be (and often is) used for self-protection. Although the corporate press reports only the criminal uses of firearms, there are many stories of individuals who successfully defended themselves or others from attack by the responsible use of a firearm. Countless lives have been saved because someone had a gun available and was able to use it.
Catholics have a duty to protect the innocent. This is particularly true of those who have a vocation to protect their families: husbands and fathers. A man who would allow his wife or child to be attacked without using force—even deadly force—to protect them has failed in one of his fundamental responsibilities. Women, too, are often called upon to protect themselves and others, and should be equipped to do so.
And just as a man has a duty to protect his family, so too his country. When a country is under attack, its citizens must defend it. This is why most people agree that a military force is vital to a nation's security. But sometimes the need to protect one's country means protecting it from its own government. We don't have to look far back in history to find examples.
Widespread possession of guns can also be a deterrent to both crime and government overreach. If criminals know an area has a high percentage of gun ownership, they are far less likely to engage in their criminal behavior there. Further, if government officials know that most of their citizens own guns, they are likely to hesitate before enacting unpopular laws.
Why does this matter from a Catholic perspective? Because history has shown that both crime and government oppression are two of the most significant violators of human dignity. The woman attacked while walking down the isolated alley has had her dignity violated. The family who helplessly experiences a home invasion now has also experienced a violation of their human dignity.
But the greatest violators of human dignity in history are oppressive governments. They can imprison the innocent, crush the spread of truth, and restrict the freedom of citizens to live as children of God. The less armed a citizenry is, the more governments can oppress their people.
The idea that some citizens with Glocks could do anything to deter the behemoth that is modern government may seem laughable. After all, a 9mm handgun won't do much good against troops with tanks and bombs. Yes, an army would easily defeat a cadre of local citizens. Nevertheless, widespread gun ownership creates hesitation in both the minds of government leaders and those charged with enforcing unjust laws.
Consider the insanity going on in Australia right now with draconian COVID lockdowns and even internment camps for the unvaccinated. Enforcing such unjust laws takes a good deal of pressure and force from the police. Australia has less than half the rate of gun ownership than all of America, and there are parts of America, such as Montana, where gun ownership is almost five times as high as Australia. Without a healthy fear of armed revolt from the populace, a government is left unchecked to impose any laws it sees fit.
Imagine trying to enforce such laws in a place like Montana. Just the knowledge that behind almost every door on which you knock is a gun owner is sure to slow down tyranny. It creates a touch of uncertainty in the minds of government agents which stops or at least slows down the enactment or at least enforcement of unpopular laws.
Does anyone really think the Biden Administration wouldn't enforce much stricter laws if they felt they could get away with it, or at least that there would be little resistance to their measures? The 2nd Amendment is primarily a right to fight government tyranny—something the framers of the Bill of Rights understood intimately—and such a fight is necessary to foster human dignity.
Many Catholics are nevertheless uncomfortable with American gun culture. After all, it's hard to imagine Jesus carrying an AR-15 slung over his shoulder, for good reason. Our Lord allowed himself to be unjustly arrested, condemned, and executed, all without any resistance—he even rebuked Peter for his use of a weapon in resistance (John 18:11).
Yet it's a fallacy to believe that because Jesus wouldn't have carried a weapon then we shouldn't either. It's what I call the "WWJD Fallacy." The WWJD movement was an attempt by Evangelicals to imitate Jesus as closely as possible by asking before any decision, "What would Jesus do?" It's a well-intentioned idea, but it often fails in practice. Are you considering medical school? Well, Jesus wasn't a doctor, so I guess you shouldn't be one, either.
With the exception of certain saints like Francis of Assisi, most of us are not called to precisely imitate Christ's life in all its particulars. Instead we follow Christ in the context of our own individual state of life (this is the benefit of the witness of the Saints—we can see a diverse panoply of ways people have lived as Christ's disciples). And some of those states of life include protecting others from harm.
Contrary to what some modern Catholics may want us to believe, the Catholic tradition is clear that using weapons can be justifiable in many instances. The Christian Middle Ages is full of conflict and weapons, including even bishops leading troops into battle. The thought that a Christian couldn't carry—and use—a weapon would have been as laughable to these Catholics as the idea that a man could declare himself a woman. While I'm not claiming that every such use of weapons in the Middle Ages was just, it's clear that historically the Church has understood the need for people to defend themselves—and others.
Catholics are not obliged to own or carry a firearm. Owning and responsibly using a gun is a prudential decision that should take into account many individual factors. Yet Catholics are obliged to defend the right of individuals to own and carry a gun, because resisting tyranny and protecting the innocent is the duty of everyone.
[Image Credit: Shutterstock]
By Eric Sammons
Eric Sammons is the editor-in-chief of Crisis Magazine. His most recent book Deadly Indifference (May 2021) examines the rise of religious indifference and how it has led the Church to lose her missionary zeal.


Acrylic on canvas, 60 x 180 inches (152.4 x 457.2 cm). Three panels, 60 x 60 inches (152.4 x 152.4 cm) each.
Acrylic on canvas, 72 x 180 inches (182.88 x 457.2 cm). Three panels, 72 x 26.667 inches (182.88 x 67.734 cm) each.
Gouache and watercolor on paper, 38 x 50 inches (96.52 x 127 cm).
Gouache and watercolor on paper, 20 x 14 inches (50.8 x 35.56 cm).


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Albums - Vande Mataram (1997) | On The sets,Stills,Making
Category 1997, albums, albums-vm-1997, photos-albums
Vande Mataram | Album
Category : Albums
Vande Mataram - Two words that became a fiery war cry and electrified the nation towards freedom. A mantra that instlls a sense of pride and belonging. Today , a vibrant musical movement that evokes in each one of us a whole new expression of freedom. A concept brought to life by Bharatbala and musically enriched by A R Rahman.
Vande Mataram – Photos - On The Sets >
Vande Mataram – Photos - Stills >
Vande Mataram – Behind The Story
Vande Mataram - Two words from the past. And three men who transformed them into a magical anthem that has stirred the patriotic spirit of a cynical nation.
To see these people at first glance is to wonder of that dream. A 33-year-old ad filmmaker, G. Bharat (Bala), with an eager face and an impressive stomach, and his spirited wife Kanika, his father V. Ganapathy, a freedom fighter, a music director A.R. Rahman who surely feels ill at the mention of the word "prodigy"; and a lyricist named Mehboob who once ran a pet shop called Fish & Bird. Who started it all? A dismayed father but of course.
"I do not like what this country has become," says V. Ganapathy, a man for whom Vande Mataram and the national flag was life. Bala must have grown up hearing these stories. Now he could do something for a nation his father fought for; this was 1996, and a challenged son responded. He would empty his bank balance, lock his office and embark on an unreal project. To make 300 one-minute films, an album, but most of all one unforgettable song. All with one intention: to unite a nation with two words. Vande Mataram.
To hear him talk, about meeting Nelson Mandela and Lech Walesa, and getting them and every Indian to say Vande Mataram, was to roll your eyes, clap him on the back and say 'impossible'. Sponsors demurred too. History just sneered. To say Vande Mataram was not cool in India anymore. It was the sound of freedom maybe, but it was a sound from the past. "I needed something to bridge the gap between the freedom fighter and the young," says Bala. He needed a song. Not any song, but a song for one people that could tug familiarly at old hearts and yet beckon new ones.
A new Vande Mataram sound to catalyse an entire country: this brief in his brain, Bala went to see the only man he believed could invent it. His old school friend A.R. Rahman. Was a smiling God watching, for again the timing was uncanny. Rahman the music director, chained by film music, was seeking fresh adventure. Says he: "It's easy making a masti number but this was challenging." Rahman the singer too, once the portrait of a reluctant artiste, was ready to be seduced.
It had begun !
Now only a lyricist was left, and Rahman chose Mehboob, the once-Pet Shop Boy who had written songs for Bombay, Rangeela and Daud. The instructions were clear: no archaic verse. Don't create anything that "youngsters would respect but never sing", says Mehboob. In a studio in Chennai, in a home in Mumbai, two men worked, the same words surely hammering in their heads: patriotism, Mother India, pride. And you can see Mehboob, sitting there one day, pen in hand, paper on lap, thinking and suddenly the words arrive. "It just hit me," he says "and I wrote the phrase Maa Tujhe Salaam." And the story of a man returning to his Mother India had its beginning. Then Mehboob went to his mother, his sister and he sang it. They wept. Says his mother: "I am very proud my son has written this song."
Meanwhile, Rahman found his Indian tune. And so in late January, on the 27th day of Ramzan, an auspicious time when legend has it that angels open the gates of heaven and all prayers are answered, Rahman descended on his studio. It was 2 a.m. and his sound engineer had disappeared. "And so I called Bala and when he arrived I told him you're the sound engineer." And then he sang for the first time, a few verses for just the two of them. "It was magical," says Bala. "He laughed, then he cried," says Rahman.
Two months hence, in March 1997, amidst Sony Music executives in Mumbai came a sort of penultimate test. Shridar Subramaniam, director, marketing, tells the story best. "Everybody was really nervous. It's an exhausting song and Martin (Davis, head of Sony Music Asia) doesn't speak a word of Hindi, but in 40 seconds we knew. It was fresh, new."
It got better. In May, at a Sony conference in Manila, where the bigger the name you can drop (Michael Jackson is a start) means the more attention you get, they got 20 minutes. They played the song; pandemonium reigned. The head of Columbia records ( a Sony label) said, "It's unbelievable, I want it." The head of Epic records (another Sony label) said, "I don't care, I want it." Says Subramaniam: "It was the hit of the conference." Now as Columbia plans a 27-country release in September, Bala must be smiling. Vande Mataram is going global.
Bala in truth wasn't smiling, he was sweating. He was criss-crossing India -- from the Rann of Kutch to Kerala to Jaisalmer to Ladakh -- filming the video for Maa Tujhe Salaam. He hired Kevin van Neikerk who had filmed Phil Collins videos, and persuaded a shy Rahman to act in it -- "I was afraid I would lose my privacy," says the singer. His actors, all villagers, required no persuasion. "It was wonderful," says Bala. "Everywhere, when they saw the flag they came and stood by it." Every day he was moved.
Perhaps not every day. After having spent lakhs without much assistance, when he found a sponsor, they were deemed politically incorrect: an MNC like Colgate, said some MPs, should not be linked to Vande Mataram. So the line "Colgate Keeps India Smiling" was dropped but one question in all this silliness went unanswered: why had Indian companies shut the door in his face?
But in a time of hope, this was trivial. On August 12 the cassette released and sold 107 copies in an hour at Rhythm House in Mumbai. And Rahman came to Delhi and sang it on the streets to a listening nation on August 14. "They just wanted me," he says, "to play it again and again." Only then, he knew, this journey was complete.
Listen Ghaijini (2008) BGM - Voiceless Background Score