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Collection #80
Steven J. Powsner Papers
Record:80
Date:1955 - 1995
Size:2.5 feet
Donated to the Center Archive in May 2000 by his domestic partner and heir Ben Munisteri, It includes correspondence, personal letters, manuscripts, photos, awards and over 100 AIDS medications (which were removed).
The papers of Steven Powsner include early family photos, high school diploma, degree (Phi Beta Kappa) from New York University (1976); he was also a graduate of New York University Law School (1979). Steven's first male lover was Bruce Cooper who was a student at Columbia University and they shared n apartment on West 75th Street. There are photos and correspondence of Bruce and Steven, also photos of Steven's travels in Europe and at least one trip with Bruce. Bruce died of AIDS in 1987. Steven was an activist at New York Law School, Coalition for Lesbian Gay Rights (CLGR), and a successful real estate attorney. He helped negotiate the purchase of the LGBT Community Center here on 13th Street and served two terms on the Board of Directors including being President of the Board in his second term. Steven met Ben Munisteri after Bruce's death, they became lovers, had correspondence to each other, became legal domestic partners and Ben was the caregiver and executor of the estate at the time of Steven death from AIDS in 1995. The Archive has photos of Steven's house on Fire Island, the parties held there, travel to Brazil with friends, etc. Steven also wrote short stories and novels. There is 3 feet of correspondence (personal and Center related), manuscripts of Steven and Bruce, and photos (½ foot. Also see website http://www.munisteri.com/powsner and www.gaycenter.orgwebsite for the Steven Powsner Exhibit.
History or Bio
The papers of Steven Powsner include early family photos, high school diploma, degree (Phi Beta Kappa) from New York University (1976); he was also a graduate of New York University Law School (1979). Steven's first male lover was Bruce Cooper who was a student at Columbia University and they shared an apartment on West 75th Street. There are photos and correspondence of Bruce and Steven, also photos of Steven's travels in Europe and at least one trip with Bruce. Bruce died of AIDS in 1987. Steven was activist at New York Law School, Coalition for Lesbian Gay Rights (CLGR), and a successful real estate attorney. He helped negotiate the purchase of the LGBT Community Center here on 13th Street and served two terms on the Board of Directors including being President of the Board in his second term. Steven helped with fund raising for the Center, which included the Founders Society. He was active in the early plans for the renovation of the Center and the Capital Fund Campaign. Steven also provided leadership and support to have the lavender line painted down Fifth Avenue for LGBT Pride March (award from HOP). Steven met Ben Munisteri in 1988 after Bruce's death, they became lovers, have correspondence to each other, became legal domestic partners and Ben was the caregiver and executor of the estate at the time of Steven death from AIDS in 1995. The Archive has photos of Steven's house on Fire Island, the parties held there, travel to Brazil with friends, etc. There is 3 feet of correspondence (personal and Center related), manuscripts of Steven and Bruce, and photos.
Folder List
1. Personal Items (Driver's License, Heart of Center Award, June 19, 1995), passports
2. Correspondence, personal to Ben Munisteri (Domestic Partner at time of death)
3. Correspondence, personal from Ben
4. Correspondence – to Ben from London Oct. 25, 1988- Jan 1989
5. Correspondence to Steven –general
6. Appointment Books – July 1990-June 1991, July 1991 – June 1992
7. Appointment Books – July 1994—June 1995, July 1995 – Nov. 1995, Address book
8. Appointment Book 1988
9. Diploma High School, Steven Powsner June 24, 1973
10. Fist Apartment on 75th Street
11. Steven Powsner Awards
12. Social Security Disability
13. Medical Bills 1994-1995
14. Documents – Domestic Partnership 1993, Power of Attorney 1985, Health Care Proxy 1991, Nomination of Guardian 193, Will 1993
15. Steven Powsner Obituary November 1995
16. Death, Sympathy Cards to Ben (over 100 – from Ruth Messinger, Bill and Hilary Clinton, etc.)
17. Family (birth) Legal Papers
18. Business, Assignment of Promissory Note 1992, note date 1984
19. Business License and Insurance policies
20. Publishing Book Lists
21. Review by Powsner – "West Side Spirit" review of C. Anthony book 1990
22. Manuscript draft unpublished (Spanish practice)
23. Manuscript draft unpublished (Peter's death)
24. Manuscript draft unpublished (Alex/Peter)
25. Correspondence – Publishers – Novels, "Noah's Legacy" & "According to my Bond"
26. Manuscript "Noah's Legacy" ©1992 Steven Powsner 334 pps.
27. Correspondence – Publishers, Short stories "Spinster Jane" "Parting" 1992
28. Manuscript Short Story, "Spinster Jane"
29. Manuscript Short Story, "Parting"
30. Manuscript Short Story, "Sex Talk Workshop – Excerpts from the Transcript" 1993
31. Manuscript Short Story, "The Cardinal"
32. Manuscript Short Story. "Transcontinental"
33. Manuscript, draft (Jack)
34. Manuscript Novel, "According to My Bond" 1990 ©Steven Powsner 273 pps
35. Correspondence – Literary Agents 1990-1991 "According to My Bond"
36. Manuscript draft (little story) "The Dinner Party", London Nov. 1988
37. Phi Beta Kappa from New York University to Steven 5/27/1976 mounted (11x 13 ½ inches)
38. Bruce Cooper, Passports, Luggage tag (Bruce Cooper [November 11, 1955 – May 11, 1987] was Steven Powsner's lover from 1974 until his death from AIDS in 1987.)
39. Correspondence to Bruce (Also see Bruce P. Cooper Papers Collection 047)
40. Correspondence from Steven to Bruce
41. Correspondence from Bruce to Steven
42. Correspondence from Bruce's mother
43. Degree from Columbia, Master of Philosophy 1987 for Bruce Philip Cooper
44. Cooper, Bruce misc. writing
45. Cooper, Bruce, poetry
46. Cooper, Bruce published poem (posthumously Surgam 1988) (April 1988, Magazine of the Philolexian Society of Columbia University)
47. Cooper, Bruce Phillip, Manuscript "Stonewall Nation, A New Approach to the Homosexual Question" 1981 (Dedicated to Steven)
48. Cooper, Bruce, Last Requests
49. Cooper, Bruce, Obituary [November 11, 1955 – May 11, 1987]
50. Cooper, Bruce, Death – Sympathy cards to Steven
51. Cooper, Bruce Endowment with Columbia University by Steven Powsner
52. Founders Society 1993/1994 folder #1 "major donor club"
53. Founders Society Meetings & Gifts 1993 folder #2
54. LGBT Community Center Board of Directors 2/6/1995
56. LGBT Community Center Board of Directors 9/11/1995
57. Founders Society Correspondence, May, June 1994
58. Founders Society List of Donors 1994
59. Founders Society Printouts [weeded] July 1994 Board of Directors – Strategic Plan
60. Board of Directors – Meeting Agenda, founder Society 1994
61. Center Budget YE 6/30/1994
62. Evaluations and Contract, Center Executive Director, 1993-1994
63. Center Executive Committee, Jan. 1992-July 1994
64. Center Contact List 1990-1992, Bylaws 1990
65. Center Board Member Contracts
66. Center General Correspondence (includes Thesis "Expand the Donor Base of LGCSC" by Arthur Goodman, 1993)
67. Center Fire Department Violations 1989-1992
68. Center Renovation Estimates/Quotations 1993 file #1
70. Center Renovation Architectural Proposals 1992
71. Center Renovation Code analysis [1998]
72. Center Renovation Financing, Loans
73. Center board of Directors Nominating, 1994
74. Center President's & Co-Chairs Group Feb. 1992-May 1993
75. Center Board of Directors Strategic Plan 1991
76. Center GEM (Give Every Month) Society 1993 "semi-major donor club"
77. Board of directors, AIDS Ride 1994
78. Board of Directors – Center Mortgage
79. Renovation – Francoise Bollack Architects, Construction Budget
80. Capital Campaign "Powsner History Summary" 1995
81. Capital Campaign – Feasibility Study 1994
82. Capital Campaign 1995
83. Capital Campaign Steering Committee 1995 (Timeline of Center History)
84. Capital Campaign Proposal Requesting a Capital Gift 1995
85. Mortgage, Satisfaction of & Agreement, city of New York 1989
86. Capital Campaign Report on structural Probing 1994
[Photos Snapshots(sizes include 3 ¼ by 3 ½, 3 ½ by 5, 4 by 6: & 8 by 12) [see scanned Images "Powsner (080)"]
87. Steven & Bruce 1977, 1982, 1983
88. Bruce – youth & Family
89. Bruce in leather, in plaid, later years with flowers, AIDS Quilt
90. Family – Steven's (prom? And travel)
91. Steven – baby pictures with father & mother, youth, first apartment, 1980
92. Family – Stevens young people, identify
93. Steven "Pretty Maids"
94. Fire Island Party (Steven with balloons)
95. Fire Island (house, pool, with Brazilian friend)
96. Steven & Brazilian Friend (Sidney)
97. Apartment interior, party shots
98. Steven & Guest 1987
99. Steven, 31st birthday party
100. Travel – Brazil, Rio de Janeiro – two trips
101. Travel – France, Paris, Chartres, Versailles
102. Travel – Foreign with Bruce, (Rome)
103. Travel – England (London, Stonehenge, Windsor Castle)
104. Travel – Italy, Venice, Pisa (with mother?), Milano, Rome, Florence
105. Steven & Ben
106. Exhibit at Center October – December 2005, scanned photos under Images, 176, 178, 179, 180, 182, 183, 184, 185, 186, 187, 188, 189, 191, 192, 193, 194, 195, 196, 197, 201, 253, 264, & 296


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Trump nominates Pompeo deputy John Sullivan to be ambassador to Russia
If confirmed, Sullivan will step into the job with the Ukraine scandal as the backdrop.
Donald Trump formally nominated John Sullivan to be the next ambassador to Russia | Thibault Vandermersh/AFP via Getty Images
October 11, 2019	7:54 pm
President Donald Trump on Friday formally nominated Deputy Secretary of State John Sullivan to be the next ambassador to Russia when current ambassador Jon Huntsman steps down later this year.
The president telegraphed the move in August, when he didn't deny reports that he was planning to tap Sullivan for the post and telling reporters that Sullivan "could very well be" his next envoy to Russia.
"He's somebody that's being put up and respected very much," Trump said at the time.
Sullivan has been the No. 2 at the State Department since early on in the Trump administration, serving briefly as acting secretary last spring when the president fired Rex Tillerson.
If confirmed by the Senate, Sullivan would take over for Huntsman, who announced his resignation from the job in August after two years in Moscow.
Sullivan would then become Trump's Russia liaison at a time when relations between Washington and Moscow have cooled considerably, as Trump's interactions with Russian President Vladimir Putin continue to come under heavy scrutiny. The president is also battling a widening impeachment investigation over his push for a Ukraine-led investigation into the Bidens that has ensnared top officials at the State Department.
Huntsman's tenure in Moscow has been marked by tit-for-tat sanctions and diplomatic expulsions, fallout from Russia's interference in the 2016 elections, and warnings that the Kremlin plans to meddle again in 2020.
The U.S. has also struggled with the Kremlin's aggression in cyberspace and its intrusion into other international affairs — most notably in Venezuela and Syria — and new diplomatic forays with North Korea, as well as the deterioration of several arms control treaties, including the longstanding Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces treaty. Trump has frequently expressed his desire to ink a new nuclear treaty with Putin to head off an arms race, though the chances of the two countries negotiating and ratifying a new deal before next year's election are slim.
In his confirmation hearing for the deputy job, Sullivan vowed to take a hard line on Russia, calling for a "robust" response to Russia's "intrusion into our democracy."
Sullivan was confirmed by the Senate in 2017 by a 94-6 vote, a sizable margin in the polarized age of Trump. And Sullivan has been well-regarded at State, including under Rex Tillerson, who was widely disliked, a factor Trump nodded to in August.
But Sullivan cropped up Friday in the latest testimony secured by House Democrats for their impeachment probe, which was taking place as Trump announced Sullivan's appointment. In a deposition before three House committees, former ambassador to Ukraine Marie Yovanovitch told lawmakers that she'd been removed from her post for political reasons.
According to her prepared opening statement, Yovanovitch, a career diplomat, said she spoke to Sullivan upon being abruptly recalled from Kyiv in April. Yovanovitch told lawmakers Sullivan informed her the president had lost confidence in her, and that in the face of a concerted campaign for her ouster, State had been under pressure to fire her since the year before.
"He also said that I had done nothing wrong and that this was not like other situations where he had recalled ambassadors for cause," Yovanovitch planned to tell lawmakers. That campaign is said to have been spearheaded by Rudy Giuliani, Trump's personal lawyer who's sought to dig up dirt, with Ukraine's help, on Trump's potential 2020 rival Joe Biden.
There's been no indication thus far that Sullivan had any involvement in Trump and Giuliani's plans, but Democrats have lashed the State Department for stonewalling and blocking witness testimony for their investigation. Last week, Democrats sent Sullivan a letter demanding State begin cooperating with its investigation, accusing Secretary of State Mike Pompeo of having conflicts of interest with regards to the probe.
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If history and the EU's political dynamics are any guides, it will be hard for the bloc to take strong action.
Republicans seek Russia reboot with US Senate sanctions vote
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Trevor Sylvester from the Quest Institute discusses the importance of taking action to create the life you want. A simple message but a very common hurdle that I come across in working with clients.
The mind plays tricks on us and sometimes we tell ourselves that we are not in control and yet we are. If you look at something in the past that has happened that seemed impossible at the time and yet you got through it, how much more capable are you than you realise?. Don't get me wrong, change isn't always easy, but it's always possible and here's a quote from someone I heard being described this week as one of the most influential statesman of the century.


Few peoples in the world can match the reverence and fervour Singaporeans reserve for food. Colombians brawl over football teams; Italians have passionate love affairs with their cars. Singaporeans hold hour long deliberations over which street stall serves the best chilli crab in Glutton's Bay. Singaporean cuisine is of course, a diverse affair of Malay, Chinese influence (served with a dash of Indonesian, Indian and Peranakan and Eurasian tradition.) Faced with the perils of recommending Tim Ho Wan's dim sum over Swee Choon Tim Sum's, I will content myself with merely listing the best Singaporean dishes every tourist must try.
Even the uninitiated among you will probably have already heard of this one. If Singaporean cuisine were to disappear, and the nation had to choose one dish to preserve, this would probably be that dish. While the preparation method may sound unexciting (essentially boiling the chicken), every native knows that if done well, a tender Hainanese Chicken paired with the broth infused rice (with some soy sauce, and a kick of ginger on the side) is an addictive classic.
There are many legends surrounding the origins of this fiery, spicy soup. One of the most famous tells the story of a charitable but poor street food hawker who threw together some leftover pork bones and cheap spices into a stew to feed a hungry beggar by the side of the road. Another recounts a concoction cooked up to rejuvenate tired Chinese laborers working along the Singapore river. The only thing the numerous legends agree upon is the dish's humble origins. While Bak Kut Teh can now be found in many gourmet restaurants in Singapore, the dish remains accessible to the rich and poor alike.
Singapore is surrounded by three large bodies of water: The South China Sea to the northwest, the Pacific Ocean to the northeast, and the Indian Ocean to the southwest. It is no surprise then, that seafood is irreplaceable to the national palate. This iconic dish calls for stir fried crab doused in a sweet and spicy sauce, and served with deep fried mantou on the side.
I would be amiss not to mention the numerous other mouth-watering dishes that Singapore has to offer. The tiny island nation's unique spin on Laksa, fish-head curry, satay, and oyster omelette are only a few among the infinite list of dishes that one cannot hope to cover in a year.


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By ED on June 17, 2020 0 275 Views
Manchester United striker Marcus Rashford has emerged as the bookmakers' joint-favourite to win Britain's sports personality of the year award after his successful campaign for school food vouchers to be provided over the summer holidays.
British ministers originally said that school food vouchers would not be available over the long holiday, prompting the 22-year-old forward to take up the cause and reveal how he had relied on such support as a boy.
On Tuesday, the government bowed to pressure and Prime Minister Boris Johnson's spokesman said it would provide a COVID summer food fund costing around 120 million pounds ($150 million).
Rashford's efforts have seen his odds of 80/1 cut to 6/4, making him the joint-favourite for the BBC award alongside WBC heavyweight champion boxer Tyson Fury, according to bookmaker Paddy Power.
Rashford has already helped to raise around 20 million pounds with charity Fareshare UK to supply meals to struggling families.
Other contenders for the award, voted for by the public in December, include Mercedes Formula One driver Lewis Hamilton and Liverpool skipper Jordan Henderson who are both at 12/1.
2020BritishEmergesFavoriteMarcus RashfordPersonalitySports


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Towards Reforming the International Financial and Monetary Systems in the context of Global Public Authority
Category: Documents on Economics
The Pontifical Council for Justice and Peace released on Oct. 24, 2011 the following document promoting a reform of the global economy. The Pontifical Council expressed that "This Reflection hopes to benefit World Leaders and all People of Good Will".
Vatican City, 2011
Presupposition
Economic Development and Inequalities
The Role of Technology and the Ethical Challenge
An Authority over Globalization
Towards Reforming the International Financial and Monetary Systems in a way that Responds to the Needs of all Peoples
"The world situation requires the concerted effort of everyone, a thorough examination of every facet of the problem – social, economic, cultural and spiritual. The Church, which has long experience in human affairs and has no desire to be involved in the political activities of any nation, 'seeks but one goal: to carry forward the work of Christ under the lead of the befriending Spirit. And Christ entered this world to give witness to the truth; to save, not to judge; to serve, not to be served.'"
With these words, in the prophetic and always relevant Encyclical Populorum Progressio of 1967, Paul VI outlined in a clear way "the trajectories" of the Church's close relation with the world. These trajectories intersect in the profound value of human dignity and the quest for the common good, which make people responsible and free to act according to their highest aspirations.
The economic and financial crisis which the world is going through calls everyone, individuals and peoples, to examine in depth the principles and the cultural and moral values at the basis of social coexistence. What is more, the crisis engages private actors and competent public authorities on the national, regional and international level in serious reflection on both causes and solutions of a political, economic and technical nature.
In this perspective, as Benedict XVI teaches, the crisis "obliges us to re-plan our journey, to set ourselves new rules and to discover new forms of commitment, to build on positive experiences and to reject negative ones. The crisis thus becomes an opportunity for discernment, in which to shape a new vision for the future. In this spirit, with confidence rather than resignation, it is appropriate to address the difficulties of the present time."
The G20 leaders themselves said in the Statement they adopted in Pittsburgh in 2009: "The economic crisis demonstrates the importance of ushering in a new era of sustainable global economic activity grounded in responsibility."
The Pontifical Council for Justice and Peace now responds to the Holy Father's appeal, while making the concerns of everyone our own, especially the concerns of those who pay most dearly for the current situation. With due respect for the competent civil and political authorities, the Council hereby offers and shares its reflection: Towards reforming the international financial and monetary systems in the context of global public authority.
This reflection hopes to benefit world leaders and all people of good will. It is an exercise of responsibility not only towards the current but above all towards future generations, so that hope for a better future and confidence in human dignity and capacity for good may never be extinguished.
Cardinal Peter K.A. Turkson,
+Mario Toso,
Every individual and every community shares in and is responsible for promoting the common good. Faithful to their ethical and religious vocation, communities of believers should take the lead in asking whether human family has adequate means at its disposal to achieve the global common good. The Church for her part is called to encourage in everyone without distinction, the desire to join in the "monumental amount of individual and collective effort" which men have made "throughout the course of the centuries ... to better the circumstances of their lives.... [T]his human activity accords with God's will."
1. Economic Development and Inequalities
The grave economic and financial crisis which the world is going through today springs from multiple causes. Opinions on the number and significance of these causes vary widely. Some commentators emphasize first and foremost certain errors inherent in the economic and financial policies; others stress the structural weaknesses of political, economic and financial institutions; still others say that the causes are ethical breakdowns occurring at all levels of a world economy that is increasingly dominated by utilitarianism and materialism. At every stage of the crisis, one might discover particular technical errors intertwined with certain ethical orientations.
In material goods markets, natural factors and productive capacity as well as labour in all of its many forms set quantitative limits by determining relationships of costs and prices which, under certain conditions, permit an efficient allocation of available resources.
In monetary and financial markets, however, the dynamics are quite different. In recent decades, it was the banks that extended credit, which generated money, which in turn sought a further expansion of credit. In this way, the economic system was driven towards an inflationary spiral that inevitably encountered a limit in the risk that credit institutions could accept. They faced the ultimate danger of bankruptcy, with negative consequences for the entire economic and financial system
After World War II, national economies made progress, albeit with enormous sacrifices for millions, indeed billions of people who, as producers and entrepreneurs on the one hand and as savers and consumers on the other, had put their confidence in a regular and progressive expansion of money supply and investment in line with opportunities for real growth of the economy.
Since the 1990s, we have seen that money and credit instruments worldwide have grown more rapidly than revenue, even adjusting for current prices. From this came the formation of pockets of excessive liquidity and speculative bubbles which later turned into a series of solvency and confidence crises that have spread and followed one another over the years.
A first crisis took place in the 1970s until the early 1980s and was related to the sudden sharp rises in oil prices. Subsequently, there was a series of crises in the developing world, for example, the first crisis in Mexico in the 1980s and those in Brazil, Russia and Korea, and then again in Mexico in the 1990s as well as in Thailand and Argentina.
The speculative bubble in real estate and the recent financial crisis have the very same origin in the excessive amount of money and the plethora of financial instruments globally.
Whereas the crises in the developing countries that risked involving the global monetary and financial system were contained through interventions by the more developed countries, the outbreak of the crisis in 2008 was characterized by a different factor compared with the previous ones, something decisive and explosive. Generated in the context of the United States, it took place in one of the most important zones for the global economy and finances. It directly affected what is still the currency of reference for the great majority of international trade transactions.
A liberalist approach, unsympathetic towards public intervention in the markets, chose to allow an important international financial institution to fall into bankruptcy, on the assumption that this would contain the crisis and its effects. Unfortunately, this spawned a widespread lack of confidence and a sudden change in attitudes. Various public interventions of enormous scope (more than 20% of gross national product) were urgently requested in order to stem the negative effects that could have overwhelmed the entire international financial system.
The consequences for the real economy, what with grave difficulties in some sectors – first of all, construction – and wide distribution of unfavourable forecasts, have generated a negative trend in production and international trade with very serious repercussions for employment as well as other effects that have probably not yet had their full impact. The costs are extremely onerous for millions in the developed countries, but also and above all for billions in the developing ones.
In countries and areas where the most elementary goods like health, food and shelter are still lacking, more than a billion people are forced to survive on an average income of less than a dollar a day.
Global economic well-being, traditionally measured by national income and also by levels of capacities, grew during the second half of the twentieth century, to an extent and with a speed never experienced in the history of humankind.
But the inequalities within and between various countries have also grown significantly. While some of the more industrialized and developed countries and economic zones – the ones that are most industrialized and developed – have seen their income grow considerably, other countries have in fact been excluded from the overall improvement of the economy and their situation has even worsened.
After the Second Vatican Council in his Encyclical Letter Populorum Progressio of 1967, Paul VI already clearly and prophetically denounced the dangers of an economic development conceived in liberalist terms because of its harmful consequences for world equilibrium and peace. The Pontiff asserted that the defence of life and the promotion of people's cultural and moral development are the essential conditions for the promotion of authentic development. On these grounds, Paul VI said that full and global development is "the new name of peace".
Forty years later, in its annual Report of in 2007, the International Monetary Fund recognized the close connection between an inadequately managed process of globalization on the one hand, and the world's great inequalities on the other. Today the modern means of communication make these great economic, social and cultural inequalities obvious to everyone, rich and poor alike, giving rise to tensions and to massive migratory movements.
Nonetheless, it should be reiterated that the process of globalisation with its positive aspects is at the root of the world economy's great development in the twentieth century. It is worth recalling that between 1900 and 2000 the world population increased almost fourfold and the wealth produced worldwide grew much more rapidly, resulting in a significant rise of average per capita income. At the same time, however, the distribution of wealth did not become fairer but in many cases worsened.
What has driven the world in such a problematic direction for its economy and also for peace?
First and foremost, an economic liberalism that spurns rules and controls. Economic liberalism is a theoretical system of thought, a form of "economic apriorism" that purports to derive laws for how markets function from theory, these being laws of capitalistic development, while exaggerating certain aspects of markets. An economic system of thought that sets down a priori the laws of market functioning and economic development, without measuring them against reality, runs the risk of becoming an instrument subordinated to the interests of the countries that effectively enjoy a position of economic and financial advantage.
Regulations and controls, imperfect though they may be, already often exist at the national and regional levels; whereas on the international level, it is hard to apply and consolidate such controls and rules.
The inequalities and distortions of capitalist development are often an expression not only of economic liberalism but also of utilitarian thinking: that is, theoretical and practical approaches according to which what is useful for the individual leads to the good of the community. This saying has a core of truth, but it cannot be ignored that individual utility – even where it is legitimate – does not always favour the common good. In many cases a spirit of solidarity is called for that transcends personal utility for the good of the community.
In the 1920s, some economists had already warned about giving too much weight, in the absence of regulations and controls, to theories which have since become prevailing ideologies and practices on the international level.
One devastating effect of these ideologies, especially in the last decades of the past century and the first years of the current one, has been the outbreak of the crisis in which the world is still immersed.
In his social encyclical, Benedict XVI precisely identified the roots of a crisis that is not only economic and financial but above all moral in nature. In fact, as the Pontiff notes, to function correctly the economy needs ethics; and not just of any kind but one that is people-centred. He goes on to denounce the role played by utilitarianism and individualism and the responsibilities of those who have adopted and promoted them as the parameters for the optimal behaviour of all economic and political agents who operate and interact in the social context. But Benedict XVI also identifies and denounces a new ideology, that of "technocracy".
2. The Role of Technology and the Ethical Challenge
The great economic and social development of the past century, with their bright spots and serious shadows, can also be attributed in large part to the continued development of technology and more recently to advances in information technologies and especially their applications in the economy and most significantly in finance.
However, to interpret the current new social question lucidly, we must avoid the error – itself a product of neo-liberal thinking – that would consider all the problems that need tackling to be exclusively of a technical nature. In such a guise, they evade the needed discernment and ethical evaluation. In this context Benedict XVI's encyclical warns about the dangers of the technocracy ideology: that is, of making technology absolute, which "tends to prevent people from recognizing anything that cannot be explained in terms of matter alone" and minimizing the value of the choices made by the concrete human individual who works in the economic-financial system by reducing them to mere technical variables. Being closed to a "beyond" in the sense of something more than technology, not only makes it impossible to find adequate solutions to the problems, but it impoverishes the principal victims of the crisis more and more from the material standpoint.
In the context of the complexity of the phenomena, the importance of the ethical and cultural factors cannot be overlooked or underestimated. In fact, the crisis has revealed behaviours like selfishness, collective greed and the hoarding of goods on a great scale. No one can be content with seeing man live like "a wolf to his fellow man", according to the concept expounded by Hobbes. No one can in conscience accept the development of some countries to the detriment of others. If no solutions are found to the various forms of injustice, the negative effects that will follow on the social, political and economic level will be destined to create a climate of growing hostility and even violence, and ultimately undermine the very foundations of democratic institutions, even the ones considered most solid.
Recognizing the primacy of being over having and of ethics over the economy, the world's peoples ought to adopt an ethic of solidarity as the animating core of their action. This implies abandoning all forms of petty selfishness and embracing the logic of the global common good which transcends merely contingent, particular interests. In a word, they ought to have a keen sense of belonging to the human family which means sharing the common dignity of all human beings: "Even prior to the logic of a fair exchange of goods and the forms of justice appropriate to it, there exists something which is due to man because he is man, by reason of his lofty dignity."
In 1991, after the failure of Marxist communism, Blessed John Paul II had already warned of the risk of an "idolatry of the market, an idolatry which ignores the existence of goods which by their nature are not and cannot be mere commodities." Today his warning needs to be heeded without delay and a road must be taken that is in greater harmony with the dignity and transcendent vocation of the person and the human family.
3. An Authority over Globalization
On the way to building a more fraternal and just human family and, even before that, a new humanism open to transcendence, Blessed John XXIII's teaching seems especially timely. In the prophetic Encyclical Pacem in Terris of 1963, he observed that the world was heading towards ever greater unification. He then acknowledged the fact that a correspondence was lacking in the human community between the political organization "on a world level and the objective needs of the universal common good". He also expressed the hope that one day "a true world political authority" would be created.
In view of the unification of the world engendered by the complex phenomenon of globalization, and of the importance of guaranteeing, in addition to other collective goods, the good of a free, stable world economic and financial system at the service of the real economy, today the teaching of Pacem in Terris appears to be even more vital and worthy of urgent implementation.
In the same spirit of Pacem in Terris, Benedict XVI himself expressed the need to create a world political authority. This seems obvious if we consider the fact that the agenda of questions to be dealt with globally is becoming ever longer. Think, for example, of peace and security; disarmament and arms control; promotion and protection of fundamental human rights; management of the economy and development policies; management of the migratory flows and food security, and protection of the environment. In all these areas, the growing interdependence between States and regions of the world becomes more and more obvious as well as the need for answers that are not just sectorial and isolated, but systematic and integrated, rich in solidarity and subsidiarity and geared to the universal common good.
As the Pope reminds us, if this road is not followed, "despite the great progress accomplished in various sectors, international law would risk being conditioned by the balance of power among the strongest nations."
The purpose of the public authority, as John XXIII recalled in Pacem in Terris, is first and foremost to serve the common good. Therefore, it should be endowed with structures and adequate, effective mechanisms equal to its mission and the expectations placed in it. This is especially true in a globalized world which makes individuals and peoples increasingly interconnected and interdependent, but which also reveals the existence of monetary and financial markets of a predominantly speculative sort that are harmful for the real economy, especially of the weaker countries.
This is a complex and delicate process. A supranational Authority of this kind should have a realistic structure and be set up gradually. It should be favourable to the existence of efficient and effective monetary and financial systems; that is, free and stable markets overseen by a suitable legal framework, well-functioning in support of sustainable development and social progress of all, and inspired by the values of charity and truth. It is a matter of an Authority with a global reach that cannot be imposed by force, coercion or violence, but should be the outcome of a free and shared agreement and a reflection of the permanent and historic needs of the world common good. It ought to arise from a process of progressive maturation of consciences and freedoms as well as the awareness of growing responsibilities. Consequently, reciprocal trust, autonomy and participation cannot be overlooked as if they were superfluous elements. The consent should involve an ever greater number of countries that adhere with conviction, through a sincere dialogue that values the minority opinions rather than marginalizing them. So the world Authority should consistently involve all peoples in a collaboration in which they are called to contribute, bringing to it the heritage of their virtues and their civilizations.
The establishment of a world political Authority should be preceded by a preliminary phase of consultation from which a legitimated institution will emerge that is in a position to be an effective guide and, at the same time, can allow each country to express and pursue its own particular good. The exercise of this Authority at the service of the good of each and every one will necessarily be super partes (impartial): that is, above any partial vision or particular good, in view of achieving the common good. Its decisions should not be the result of the more developed countries' excessive power over the weaker countries. Instead, they should be made in the interest of all, not only to the advantage of some groups, whether they are formed by private lobbies or national governments.
A supranational Institution, the expression of a "community of nations", will not last long, however, if the countries' diversities from the standpoint of cultures, material and immaterial resources and historic and geographic conditions, are not recognized and fully respected. The lack of a convinced consensus, nourished by an unceasing moral communion on the part of the world community, would also reduce the effectiveness of such an Authority.
What is valid on the national level is also valid on the global level. A person is not made to serve authority unconditionally. Rather, it is the task of authority to be at the service of the person, consistent with the pre-eminent value of human dignity. Likewise, governments should not serve the world Authority unconditionally. Instead, it is the world Authority that should put itself at the service of the various member countries, according to the principle of subsidiarity. Among the ways it should do this is by creating the socio-economic, political and legal conditions essential for the existence of markets that are efficient and efficacious because they are not over-protected by paternalistic national policies and not weakened by systematic deficits in public finances and of the gross national products – indeed, such policies and deficits actually hamper the markets themselves in operating in a world context as open and competitive institutions.
In the tradition of the Church's Magisterium which Benedict XVI has vigorously embraced, the principle of subsidiarity should regulate relations between the State and local communities and between public and private institutions, not excluding the monetary and financial institutions. So, on a higher level, it ought to govern the relations between a possible future global public Authority and regional and national institutions. This principle guarantees both democratic legitimacy and the efficacy of the decisions of those called to make them. It allows respect for the freedom of people, individually and in communities, and at the same time, allows them to take responsibility for the objectives and duties that pertain to them.
According to the logic of subsidiarity, the higher Authority offers its subsidium, that is, its aid, only when individual, social or financial actors are intrinsically deficient in capacity, or cannot manage by themselves to do what is required of them. Thanks to the principle of solidarity, a lasting and fruitful relation is built up between global civil society and a world public Authority as States, intermediate bodies, various institutions – including economic and financial ones – and citizens make their decisions with a view to the global common good, which transcends national goods.
As we read in Caritas in Veritate, "The governance of globalization must be marked by subsidiarity, articulated into several layers and involving different levels that can work together." Only in this way can the danger of a central Authority's bureaucratic isolation be avoided, which would otherwise risk being delegitimized by an excessive distance from the realities on which it is based and easily fall prey to paternalistic, technocratic or hegemonic temptations.
However, a long road still needs to be travelled before arriving at the creation of a public Authority with universal jurisdiction. It would seem logical for the reform process to proceed with the United Nations as its reference because of the worldwide scope of its responsibilities, its ability to bring together the nations of the world, and the diversity of its tasks and those of its specialized Agencies. The fruit of such reforms ought to be a greater ability to adopt policies and choices that are binding because they are aimed at achieving the common good on the local, regional and world levels. Among the policies, those regarding global social justice seem most urgent: financial and monetary policies that will not damage the weakest countries; and policies aimed at achieving free and stable markets and a fair distribution of world wealth, which may also derive from unprecedented forms of global fiscal solidarity, which will be dealt with later.
On the way to creating a world political Authority, questions of governance (that is, a system of merely horizontal coordination without an authority super partes cannot be separated from those of a shared government (that is, a system which in addition to horizontal coordination establishes an authority super partes) which is functional and proportionate to the gradual development of a global political society. The establishment of a global political Authority cannot be achieved without an already functioning multilateralism, not only on a diplomatic level, but also and above all in relation to programs for sustainable development and peace. It is not possible to arrive at global Government without giving political expression to pre-existing forms of interdependence and cooperation.
4. Towards Reforming the International Financial and Monetary Systems in a way that Responds to the Needs of all Peoples
In economic and financial matters, the most significant difficulties come from the lack of an effective set of structures that can guarantee, in addition to a system of governance, a system of government for the economy and international finance.
What can be said about this prospect? What steps can be taken concretely?
With regard to the current global economic and financial systems, two decisive factors should be stressed. The first is the gradual decline in efficacy of the Bretton Woods institutions beginning in the early 1970s. In particular, the International Monetary Fund has lost an essential element for stabilizing world finance, that of regulating the overall money supply and vigilance over the amount of credit risk taken on by the system. To sum it up, stabilizing the world monetary system is no longer a "universal public good" within its reach.
The second factor is the need for a minimum, shared body of rules to manage the global financial market which has grown much more rapidly than the real economy. This situation of rapid, uneven growth has come about, on the one hand, because of the overall abrogation of controls on capital movements and the tendency to deregulate banking and financial activities; and on the other, because of advances in financial technology, due largely to information technology.
On the structural level, in the latter part of the last century, monetary and financial activities worldwide grew much more rapidly than the production of goods and services. In this context, the quality of credit tended to decrease to the point that it exposed the credit institutions to more risk than was reasonably sustainable. It is sufficient to look at the fate of large and small credit institutions during the crises that broke out in the 1980s and 1990s, and finally in the 2008 crisis.
Again in the last part of the twentieth century, there was a growing tendency to define the strategic directions of economic and financial policy in terms of 'clubs' and of larger or smaller groups of more developed countries. While not denying the positive aspects of this approach, it is impossible to overlook that it did not appear to respect the representative principle fully, in particular of the less developed or emerging countries.
The need to heed the voices of a greater number of countries has led to expanding the relevant groups; for instance, there is now a G20 where there was once just a G7. This has been a positive development because it became possible to include developing and emerging countries with larger populations in shaping the economy and global finance.
In the area of the G20, concrete tendencies can thus mature which, when worked out properly in the appropriate technical centres, will be able to guide the competent bodies on the national and regional level towards consolidating existing institutions and creating new ones with appropriate and effective instruments on the international level.
Moreover, the G20 leaders themselves said in their final Statement in Pittsburgh 2009: "The economic crisis demonstrates the importance of ushering in a new era of sustainable global economic activity grounded in responsibility". To tackle the crisis and open up a new era "of responsibility", in addition to technical and short-term measures, the leaders put forth the proposal "to reform the global architecture to meet the needs of the 21st century," and later the proposal "to launch a framework that lays out the policies and the way we act together to generate strong, sustainable and balanced global growth".
Therefore, a process of reflection and reforms needs to be launched that will explore creative and realistic avenues for taking advantage of the positive aspects of already existing forums.
Specific attention should be paid to the reform of the international monetary system and, in particular, the commitment to create some form of global monetary management, something that is already implicit in the Statutes of the International Monetary Fund. It is obvious that to some extent this is equivalent to putting the existing exchange systems up for discussion in order to find effective means of coordination and supervision. This process must also involve the emerging and developing countries in defining the stages of a gradual adaptation of the existing instruments.
In fact, one can see an emerging requirement for a body that will carry out the functions of a kind of "central world bank" that regulates the flow and system of monetary exchanges similar to the national central banks. The underlying logic of peace, coordination and common vision which led to the Bretton Woods Agreements needs to be dusted off in order to provide adequate answers to the current questions. On the regional level, this process could begin by strengthening the existing institutions, such as the European Central Bank. However, this would require not only a reflection on the economic and financial level, but also and first of all on the political level, so as to create the set of public institutions that will guarantee the unity and consistency of the common decisions.
These measures ought to be conceived of as some of the first steps in view of a public Authority with universal jurisdiction; as a first stage in a longer effort by the global community to steer its institutions towards achieving the common good. Other stages will have to follow in which the dynamics familiar to us may become more marked, but they may also be accompanied by changes which would be useless to try to predict today.
In this process, the primacy of the spiritual and of ethics needs to be restored and, with them, the primacy of politics – which is responsible for the common good – over the economy and finance. These latter need to be brought back within the boundaries of their real vocation and function, including their social function, in consideration of their obvious responsibilities to society, in order to nourish markets and financial institutions which are really at the service of the person, which are capable of responding to the needs of the common good and universal brotherhood, and which transcend all forms of economist stagnation and performative mercantilism.
On the basis of this sort of ethical approach, it seems advisable to reflect, for example, on:
a) taxation measures on financial transactions through fair but modulated rates with charges proportionate to the complexity of the operations, especially those made on the "secondary" market. Such taxation would be very useful in promoting global development and sustainability according to the principles of social justice and solidarity. It could also contribute to the creation of a world reserve fund to support the economies of the countries hit by crisis as well as the recovery of their monetary and financial system;
b) forms of recapitalization of banks with public funds making the support conditional on "virtuous" behaviours aimed at developing the "real economy";
c) the definition of the domains of ordinary credit and of Investment Banking. This distinction would allow a more effective management of the "shadow markets" which have no controls and limits.
It is sensible and realistic to allow the necessary time to build up broad consensuses, but the goal of the universal common good with its inescapable demands is waiting on the horizon. Moreover, it is hoped that those in universities and other institutions who educate tomorrow's leadership will work hard to prepare them for their responsibilities to discern the global public good and serve it in a constantly changing world. The gap between ethical training and technical preparation needs to be filled by highlighting in a particular way the inescapable synergy between the two levels of practical doing (praxis) and of boundless human striving (poièsis).
The same effort is required from all those who are in a position to enlighten world public opinion in order to help it to brave this new world, no longer with anxiety but in hope and solidarity.
Under the current uncertainties, in a society capable of mobilizing immense means but whose cultural and moral reflection is still inadequate with regard to their use in achieving the appropriate ends, we are invited to not give in and to build above all a meaningful future for the generations to come. We should not be afraid to propose new ideas, even if they might destabilize pre-existing balances of power that prevail over the weakest. They are a seed thrown to the ground that will sprout and hurry towards bearing fruit.
As Benedict XVI exhorts us, agents on all levels – social, political, economic, professional – are urgently needed who have the courage to serve and to promote the common good through an upright life.
Only they will succeed in living and seeing beyond the appearances of things and perceiving the gap between existing reality and untried possibilities.
Paul VI emphasized the revolutionary power of "forward-looking imagination" that can perceive the possibilities inscribed in the present and guide people towards a new future. By freeing his imagination, man frees his existence. Through an effort of community imagination, it is possible to transform not only institutions but also lifestyles and encourage a better future for all peoples.
Modern States became structured wholes over time and reinforced sovereignty within their own territory. But social, cultural and political conditions have gradually changed. Their interdependence has grown – so it has become natural to think of an international community that is integrated and increasingly ruled by a shared system – but a worse form of nationalism has lingered on, according to which the State feels it can achieve the good of its own citizens in a self-sufficient way.
Today all of this seems anachronistic and surreal, and all the nations, great or small, together with their governments, are called to go beyond the "state of nature" which would keep States in a never-ending struggle with one another. Globalization, despite some of its negative aspects, is unifying peoples more and prompting them to move towards a new "rule of law" on the supranational level, supported by a more intense and fruitful collaboration. With dynamics similar to those that put an end in the past to the "anarchical" struggle between rival clans and kingdoms with regard to the creation of national states, today humanity needs to be committed to the transition from a situation of archaic struggles between national entities, to a new model of a more cohesive, polyarchic international society that respects every people's identity within the multifaceted riches of a single humanity. Such a passage, which is already timidly under way, would ensure the citizens of all countries – regardless of their size or power – peace and security, development, and free, stable and transparent markets. As John Paul II warns us, "Just as the time has finally come when in individual States a system of private vendetta and reprisal has given way to the rule of law, so too a similar step forward is now urgently needed in the international community."
Time has come to conceive of institutions with universal competence, now that vital goods shared by the entire human family are at stake, goods which the individual States cannot promote and protect by themselves.
So conditions exist for definitively going beyond a 'Westphalian' international order in which the States feel the need for cooperation but do not seize the opportunity to integrate their respective sovereignties for the common good of peoples.
It is the task of today's generation to recognize and consciously to accept these new world dynamics for the achievement of a universal common good. Of course, this transformation will be made at the cost of a gradual, balanced transfer of a part of each nation's powers to a world Authority and to regional Authorities, but this is necessary at a time when the dynamism of human society and the economy and the progress of technology are transcending borders, which are in fact already very eroded in a globalized world.
The birth of a new society and the building of new institutions with a universal vocation and competence are a prerogative and a duty for everyone, with no distinction. What is at stake is the common good of humanity and the future itself.
In this context, for every Christian there is a special call of the Spirit to become committed decisively and generously so that the many dynamics under way will be channelled towards prospects of fraternity and the common good. An immense amount of work is to be done towards the integral development of peoples and of every person. As the Fathers said at the Second Vatican Council, this is a mission that is both social and spiritual, which " to the extent that the former can contribute to the better ordering of human society, it is of vital concern to the Kingdom of God."
In a world on its way to rapid globalization, the reference to a world Authority becomes the only horizon compatible with the new realities of our time and the needs of humankind. However, it should not be forgotten that this development, given wounded human nature, will not come about without anguish and suffering.
Through the account of the Tower of Babel (Genesis 11:1-9), the Bible warns us how the "diversity" of peoples can turn into a vehicle for selfishness and an instrument of division. In humanity there is a real risk that peoples will end up not understanding each other and that cultural diversities will lead to irremediable oppositions. The image of the Tower of Babel also warns us that we must avoid a "unity" that is only apparent, where selfishness and divisions endure because the foundations of the society are not stable. In both cases, Babel is the image of what peoples and individuals can become when they do not recognize their intrinsic transcendent dignity and brotherhood.
The spirit of Babel is the antithesis of the Spirit of Pentecost (Acts 2:1-12), of God's design for the whole of humanity: that is, unity in truth. Only a spirit of concord that rises above divisions and conflicts will allow humanity to be authentically one family and to conceive of a new world with the creation of a world public Authority at the service of the common good.
No weapon in the arsenals of the World is so formidable as the will and moral courage of free men and women.
Ronald W. Reagan


Can A Deactivated Facebook Account Be Reactivated ~ When your Facebook account is deactivated, it is concealed from your friends and various other Facebook customers. Every little thing that remains in your Facebook account is conserved, it's just unnoticeable. When you reactivate your Facebook account, your friends will certainly have the ability to see your account again and get in touch with you.
When you are ready to reactivate your Facebook account, logging in with your login email address as well as password automatically reactivates your account. If you have more than one email address associated with the account, you can utilize any one of them to reactivate your Facebook account. When you reactivate your Facebook account, your friends will not obtain a notice mentioning that you are back. However, depending on your personal privacy settings, they may understand you are back when you start uploading standing updates, discussing images and liking web pages.
When you deactivate your Facebook account, your Timeline goes away from view. People on Facebook could no more discover you or view your Timeline. A shut down account is temporarily disabled, which indicates you could reactivate it anytime you desire. When your account is deactivated, your information-- consisting of account settings, friends, pictures and pages-- is saved. Just when you come back to Facebook will your friends be able to connect with you.
If you haven't been logged in to your account for a long time, you may forget your login email addresses or password. Without this info, you won't be able to reactivate your Facebook account. Nonetheless, Facebook supplies alternatives to fetch failed to remember e-mail address and passwords. If you click the "Forgot Your Password" link on the login web page, you could make use of the details provided to recover your details as well as log in to your Facebook account.
If your account was deactivated for protection factors or due to an offense of Facebook laws, you could not reactivate your account by merely visiting with your e-mail address and also password. Issues with violation of guidelines as well as regulations should be solved or your friends will not be able to see your account once more. If your account was deactivated, complete the info on the "My Account Was disabled" page (see link in Resources). Facebook will certainly examine the issue as well as call you.


T A S T E R.
Students unscramble the letters in the word in a green box to write an anagram. They list their words on a Student Record Sheet. Many of the words have more than one possible answer. Accept any word that uses the exact letters in each bold word in the box. These word puzzles are ideal for your early finishers!
For extra durability, laminate the Task Cards before cutting them apart.
They look awesome in color but reproduce great in grayscale.
Thanks for visiting Pizzazz Learning.
I hope your students have fun solving these Christmas anagrams!
Be FIRST to learn about NEW products and SALE notices. Click the GREEN star in my store to become a FOLLOWER of Pizzazz Learning.
If you purchase Christmas Anagrams, please take a minute to rate it to receive TpT credits.


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Our lawyers draft the shareholders' agreements, articles of association, incorporation deeds and agreements, and all other documents relating to the incorporation of the company and its common business activity. We advise managers, executives and members of corporate governance bodies on all legal issues of corporate law and management.
We provide professional legal services relating to commercial law practice, headed by partners who have themselves advanced scientific experience in this particular area of law. Our lawyers formulate all types of civil contracts, including agreements on sale and purchase, renting (leasing) issues, construction, design, service provision, etc. Active consultation with our clients is pursued during all negotiations, up to conclusion of the commercial transactions.


text:
Open Access Encyclopedia: Claremont Coptic Encyclopedia
Claremont Coptic Encyclopedia
The Coptic civilization is one of the most ancient civilizations still in existence, and has vibrant manifestations in Egypt and around the world. Various aspects of Western civilization have their roots in, or are influenced by Coptic civilization and Egyptian Christianity.
An invaluable reference tool for Coptic Studies is The Coptic Encyclopedia (Aziz S. Atiya, ed. NY: Macmillan, 1991). This monumental work, with approximately 2800 entries written by 215 scholars, covers treasures of Coptic language and literature; Copto-Arabic literature; Coptic art, architecture, archaeology, history, music, liturgy, theology, spirituality, monasticism; and biblical, apocryphal, social, and legal texts. The encyclopedia was the fruit of years of effort on the part of its Editor-in-Chief, Aziz S. Atiya (1898-1988, Distinguished Professor of History at the University of Utah), and its Principal Investigator, Lola Atiya (1917-2002, Doctor of Humane Letters). Donations by the Coptic communities in the Diaspora, a matching grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities from 1979 to 1990, along with numerous other sources, made the project possible.
In 2009 the Claremont Graduate University (CGU) School of Religion acquired the right to develop an updated and continuously expanding and evolving web-based version of The Coptic Encyclopedia. Since then, the Claremont Coptic Encyclopedia (CCE) has been gradually posting the articles of the 1991 Coptic Encyclopedia and will be continuously adding updates and new topics from the growing body of scholarship in Coptic studies at worldwide institutions. Again, the participation of the Coptic community in envisioning and funding this project was instrumental in the project coming to fruition. The partnership of CGU and the Coptic community is one of the missions of the Council for Coptic Studies at the CGU School of Religion. Please visit the Council's website at http://www.cgu.edu/pages/5446.asp.
The progress of the CCE project depends on the strength and continuity of Coptic studies at CGU, the participation of scholars worldwide, and the availability of financial resources. It is a work in progress; please check back or subscribe to the RSS to see updates.
The CCE digital project student staff members include: Mary Ghattas, Prinny Miller, Sarah Morcos, and Ian Sundwall-Byers – all of CGU.
Browse items in this collection
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And see also other collections relating to antiquity in the
Claremont Colleges Digital Library
Posted by Chuck Jones at 9:33 AM


So it's happened. I feel Christmassy. I realise this may be a little delayed for some (I know lots of people that have had their tree up since late November) but with just a couple of weeks to go - I am all over anything and everything festive.
I think for the most part, we all like Christmassy interiors for the same reasons - the subtle added sparkles, the cosy touches and those festive scents that instantly take you back to your favourite festive moments. However, I wanted to put together a quick post that showcases the range of Christmas styles out there (plus, who doesn't love having a look at some Christmassy pictures).
I love this look as (for me) it's one of the easiest ones to achieve. A few fairy lights here, a festive table setting there and they all add up to a fresh Christmas look. Whites and greys (like this lovely Angelic sofa) are the perfect backdrop, but touches of wood - like with this Parquet Table from Furniture Village or wooden floor boards - also look great.
If you're blessed with a home full of character and period details, you can't not embrace a gorgeous traditional look. With this, I think the key is to add lots of natural touches and textures. A real garland and wreath look perfect over a period fireplace and a chunky blanket is an essential for snuggling by the roaring fire on your favourite armchair. (Psst, you can even fake your period details with an electric wood burner and gorgeous victorian-style tiles).
So this is my #goals look. I love the quirky decorations and simplistic style which is perfect if your house or flat is quite plainly decorated. The sparse tree really adds a cool, scandi touch and although I do love a huge tree this would be perfect for a smaller flat. And how cute is that mid-century style pastel pink chair?!


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You had a great idea! I'm watching Season 1 now too.
Watching Season 5 almost felt like a chore. Watching season 1 again even though I've already seen it is really exciting.
There is the good mix between "family" and action.
Oliver is forced to lie to his family for "the greater good."
And forced to play a bumbling Oliver for the public.
Detective Lance is constantly dogging him.
The flashbacks are compelling. Oliver really is a completely different person and you have no clue how the Oliver of the past can become the Oliver of the present.
Oliver sets up his secret base and starts fighting crime himself. He is examining evidence and solving investigative problems. A big different from when Felicity does everything but punch people.
Oliver is also steps ahead of EVERYONE. Like when he lets himself be filmed so he falls under suspicion as the Hood and is arrested. So that he can get Diggle to play the Hood and have the case dismissed. He knew eventually people would wonder why the Hood and Oliver came on the scene at the same time so he dealt with it.
Also the last neat thing is how there is a great mystery about the scars and what happened to Oliver in the five years. In the 2nd or 3rd episode Oliver goes to get info from the Bratva and he says he's a Captain and you're going "What?!" It is neat to see this again knowing how all the pieces fit already.
I will say this though, the acting at times is still not great. Sometimes lines and scenes feel clunky. But overall it's good enough that I want to watch 2 or 3 episodes a night and I only stop because I have work the next morning.
I give you fair warning 3Pete the first season was so gripping I ordered Season 2 and just kept right on going. So beware you may have an Amazon expenditure in the near future.
I dont need to worry. All 5 seasons are on Netflix.
Thanks for the warning. I plan on watching the 2nd season I remember it being really good.


The statement reads, "The People Democratic Party (PDP) Presidential Campaign Council has released the Operational Directorates, as well as names of spokespersons for its 2019 Presidential elections campaign.
"The campaign council named former governor of Cross River State, Senator Liyel Imoke as Deputy Director General, Operations while former Presidential aspirant, Taminu Turaki, SAN is named as Deputy Director-General Administration.
"The Directorates include: Contact and Mobilisation headed by the National Organizing Secretary, Col. Austin Akobundu; Youth, Hon. Udeh Okoye; Women, Mariya Waziri; Finance, Hon. Abdullahi Hussaini MaiBasira; Media and Publicity, Kola Ologbondiyan; Policy Research, Dr. Garba Umar; Intellengence, Amb. Ahmed Magaji.
"Others are, Field Operations/Logistics, Hon. Gbenga Oduwaiye; Support Groups, Dr. Nathaniel Yadunma; Special Duties, Dr. Baraka Sanni; Communication and Strategy, Mallam Bolaji Abdullahi; Legal, Emmanuel Enoidem; CUPP and Inter Party, Senator Ben Obi; CSOs, Senator Dino Melaye; and Diaspora, Prof Isah Odili.
"The spokespersons of the campaign include Buba Galadima, Akin Osuntokun, Osita Chidoka, Senator Dino Melaye, Hon. Nnnenna Ukeje, Segun Sowunmi, Kazeem Afegbua and Umar Sanni" concluded the statement.


You are here: Home » Science » Will plasma transfusions be the next great thing to stay healthy?
Will plasma transfusions be the next great thing to stay healthy?
There seems to exist a waiting list already.
They are still looking for investment partners.
They are even offering employment to physicians who may qualify for the kind of work they are doing.
Ambrosia Medical, LLC is a California-based company that is betting big on plasma transfusions from young people to older folks as a way to add more years to your life.
What once was a project that started clinical trials two years ago, is now a growing business. Ambrosia is moving to New York in the hopes of attracting rich patients and investors.
The idea of injecting plasma into patients is that of Dr. Jesse Karmazin, the founder and CEO of Ambrosia. Dr. Karmazin is an alumnum of Stanford and Princeton Universities.
On his LinkedIn profile, Karmazin informs contacts that his company is looking forward to raising "$3 million to open the world's first young plasma infusion center".
Ambrosia buys plasma, which is not the same as blood. Plasma is a liquid that represents 55% of the blood volume and while in blood, it accompanies red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets, all of which are important in keeping the human body clean and healthy.
In the initial trials, each participant with ages above 35 and who did not have allergies paid around 8,000 euros to receive 1.5 liters of plasma from an unknown person.
Ambrosia guarantees that such plasma comes from blood taken from people with ages between 16 and 25 years.
Neither Ambrosia nor Dr. Karmazin made public the results of such trials. Karmazin simply said that they had been "very positive".
"Every cell is a factory, pumping out healthy proteins involved in maintaining your body," says Karmazin. However, later on as our bodies age, that process loses eficiency and the proteins are not produced as well as when people are younger.
Some doctors warn that practices such as the one being carried out by Ambrosia are known to be dangerous, because the human body could react in many different negative ways.
Apparently, accoriding to existing data and the opinion of some scientists, about 50 percent of cases of blood transfusions result in patients suffering from serious side effects.
Physicians say that if the blood that reaches your body does not match yours, it can cause a very strong immune reaction.
It is hard to say whether Ambrosia's procedure will be damning to patients or not, since the procedure itself is kept secret.
Taking into account that participating in the trial tests already made some people pay eight thousand euros and that the prices will be higher when the clinic opens its doors, it seems.


Riskys Runaway Girl ( Spook )..
Riskys Runaway Girl (Spook) is a 1st generation Riskys, bred from our foundation female Risky Miss. She was sired by a dog called Rotherham Sam (Guinness) and came from a litter of 4 females & 3 dogs.This mating was a complete outcross. In my opinion Spook was by far the best female from this litter. Although the other females were very good types, they were also very different in there own separate ways. Co- founder/Breeder from (Riskys) Chris Brand bred two litters from Spook. The first mating was sired/produced by our very own Riskys Phuture Assassin ( Bear Jnr ) a half brother to Spook which Chris also owned.
They produced a fantastic litter of 2 females & 3 males. There was Molly who went to live with Terry the cousin of Phil Knowles from Edgeworth Staffords. Jack and Tyson both went to a School friend of mine. Buster was with Dean a old work colleague. Chris had decided to keep Boo for himself who was then a few years later bred to a dog owned by the late Ray Holmes "IKC Gr Ch Dexter".
Sometime later Spook was bred to the Edgeworth Canava Barney dog, a prolific stud dog which has had a great influence into the Riskys bloodline, I would like to add that this mating was also a complete outcross which produced 4 exceptional females for us. Chris kept Ebony & Brandy, I had Dixie with Maggie being placed with a close friend of ours. All these dogs can be seen pictured throughout the website in the picture galleries.
Chris with Spook showing signs of being in pup @ around 6weeks after the mating to Barney..
Spook with her daughter ( Boo )from 1st mating to Bear Jnr..


I don't know about you but that sentence brings a smile to my face whenever I hear it, not to mention when I see it in my mailbox and at my front door!
Welcome back Kat Scrappiness fans, It's Lisa here today to bring you some fun envelopes to give your snail mail an upgrade!
The April Card Challenge here at Kat Scrappiness is Envelope Art and there are 2 new stamp sets that make it easy to add some PIZZAZZ to your envelopes! Giraffe Envelope Art and Owl Envelope Art. Here are 2 examples of how you can use the Giraffe stamp set to take your envelopes from drab to fab!
On the first envelope I stamped the Giraffe with some Memento Tuxedo Black ink so I could color him with copic markers and then cut him out so he could sit at the bottom corner and then I added some fun leaves around him. The stamp set also comes with 2 cute stamps that say "to" and "from" in a fun font. I thought it would be fun to stamp them and highlight them with Lawn Fawn Cilantro ink using the rectangle shape from the Swatches stamp set. To finish the envelope off I stamped the cheeky sentiment "It has been so long" diagonally near the giraffe's head. For the second envelope I stamped the entire Giraffe with his sign and colored him in and then added some fun leaves around the border of the envelope. The sign is the perfect space to add your recipients name and address. The "to" and "from" stamps look cute in their respective places on the envelope as well. HAPPY MAIL for KAT!!
The next envelope I have to show you is a mini envelope that is meant for hand delivery as opposed to sending in the mail. It has a super fun shaker element on the front and uses the star stamp from the Swatches stamp set again and some dreamy Sent from Heaven sequin mix. I stamped the star with some Golden Glitz Pigment ink by Delicata for a sparkly look. This envelope will be a keepsake that your lucky recipient won't stop shaking!
The last 3 envelopes I decorated using the Swatches Stamp Set one more time. This stamp set is so versatile with its basic shapes and the sky is the limit with what you can create after you've swatched your inks and markers with it. For the top envelope I stamped only half of the circle stamp in a rainbow of Lawn Fawn inks to give the look of a fun scalloped border along the bottom edge. I highlighted the "to" and "from" stamps with that same circle in red and blue ink. The "happy mail" sentiment from the Giraffe Envelope Art set was the perfect addition to repeat along the scalloped border.
For the bottom two envelopes in the picture I combined the Swatches stamp set with the Everyday Brush Strokes set for fun side border stamped in Distress Oxide inks. I love the chalky appearance the Oxide Inks give and I love the look on kraft paper!
I hope that I have inspired you to have some fun with your envelopes today and dress them up with your stamp sets! It is our responsibility to add some fun to the mailbox for our hard working post men and women! Not to mention distracting your recipient from those nasty bills and junk mail!
Thanks for joining me today! All supplies will be linked down below and don't forget to use code: Lisa10 to receive 10% off your purchase at checkout in the Kat Scrappiness shop!
Have a great day everyone! I already am!


Wrought iron is a very strong form of iron that has been hammered out, which is very different from cast iron which is molten iron that is poured into a mold and allowed to cool. Wrought iron is a much stronger type of iron, which is why it is used for many different types of applications in the world today. Some of the main uses for wrought iron are for furniture and many different types of decorations.
Wrought iron is extensively used for different types of furniture. Many beds, benches, and other types of furniture are made out of wrought iron. Bar stools are usually made out of wrought iron as well. Wrought iron allows the legs of the stool to be made with a very strong type of metal, but it also allows the legs to have intricate designs worked into them. Wrought iron furniture gives a room a very rustic look, but it also provides a sturdy type of furniture that will last for a very long time. The most popular type of wrought iron furniture is usually a black or dark gray combined with dark wood. Wrought iron furniture can make a room very dark, but it can really pop out with a light paint color. The best thing to do if filling a room with wrought iron furniture is to paint the walls a light neutral color, so that the furniture will stand out.
Another very common use for wrought iron is for a variety of decorations. Wrought iron is a very common material to use to build an outside gate, because of its ability to stand up to the weather, and also the ability to make intricate designs to make the gate very fancy. Wrought iron is also used very much to make a lattice in a garden, because the wrought iron is a great medium for ivy to grow on. The ivy attaches to the wrought iron, and has the ability to climb and twist its way all through the lattice. Many sconces are also made of wrought iron, as well as curtain rods, because it gives a good contrast to the material that the curtains are made from.


WCRE is proud to have exclusively represented Industrial Realty Solutions, LLC in the leasing and marketing of 11 Enterprise Court, an approximately 9,330 square foot office/warehouse space in Sewell, NJ to The Greater Philadelphia Aquatic Club.
The Greater Philadelphia Aquatic Club (GPAC) will be opening this new location in early 2016. GPAC is one of the top USA Swimming clubs in the nation. They provide all athletes with the tools to become excellent swimmers and citizens. GPAC teach swimmers of all ages and abilities the core values necessary to achieve at the highest level of swimming, both as a team and an individual.
11 Enterprise is a 55,000 square foot office/warehouse building located in Sewell, NJ. 11 Enterprise has been successfully leased to 100% occupancy by WCRE.
This well-located property is situated off Delsea Drive and is conveniently located within 1 mile of Route 55 providing for convenient access to all points in Southern New Jersey.
Chris Henderson, Senior Associate of WCRE exclusively represented both the landlord and the tenant in this transaction.


A unique and generous coupling of two contrasted works. Of the two it's the magical Triple Concerto I shall return to most often.
This disc brings together two substantial concertos. Each is in three movements though the Triple Concerto's three are separated by two brief interludes. The late and lyrical Triple Concerto was premiered by Sir Colin Davis and the LSO at the Proms on 22 August 1980. This speaks of Tippett the musical Taliesin, spinning a diaphanous bejewelled cloak of quietly jangling bells - very much Prospero's island. The middle movement is restful. The last is a torrent of orchestral colour and grandeur. Gamelan textures - more familiar in Britten - can be heard throughout. Tippett the alchemist here leans in absorption over the alembic of his orchestra and draws out singing tones and long yearning lines. The trio 'sing' their parts beautifully and their nostalgic slow theme vividly reminds me of a hand cutting lazily through sun-glittering water (tr.1 9:33). The instruments are in carolling dialogue but their relationship often strikes me as being in conflict as if they must hurt each other to achieve exaltation. After so many masterful moments am I alone in wondering at the unsatisfactory way the concerto ends?
The Piano Concerto is much earlier (1955). It chimes into existence with a pearly gentleness; occasionally sounding like the John Ireland or Rubbra concertos. It does however rear up occasionally with overt heroism. It was intended for Julius Katchen who later withdrew. It was Louis Kentner who took his place at the premiere. This was given by the commissioning orchestra, the City of Birmingham Symphony. Beethoven's Fourth Piano Concerto - a performance of it by Gieseking - formed the work's inspirational ignition. It has not become popular. The concerto sports an occasional heroic approach. When in clamant dramatic mode Tippett seems startlingly Brahmsian. Occasionally I also thought of the leonine Medtner in his Third Piano Concerto. There is much glistening crystalline passage-work for the piano. Tirimo gives an impressive and emotional performance and is seemingly fully equal to the concerto's challenges.
The disc is complemented by an extensive note by Geraint Lewis. A unique and generous coupling of two contrasted works. Of the two it's the magical Triple Concerto I shall return to most often.


In the words of American humourist Mark Twain or Prime Minister Benjamin Disraeli the old adage goes; 'There are lies, damned lies and statistics'.
The dramatic shift towards digital marketing has enabled an entirely new, powerful, form of tracking and measurement; you can't argue with statistics that can track the exact return on investment (ROI) of a marketing spend. But unfortunately data doesn't always give the full picture, and when it comes to measuring the success of an influencer marketing campaign, evaluation departments have developed an unhealthy obsession with numbers and have become over-reliant on unreliable agency data.
The influencer industry came under the spotlight recently with Unilever's decision to re-asses their strategy. For me it's a step in the right direction from the huge multinational. But it's not just the brands being misled by influencers, the influencers themselves are often misled by disingenuous brands who are trying to get quick easy wins to up their follower count - these short trysts aren't dissimilar to a real-life one-night stand as the relationship tends to dwindle as soon as the activity is over.
Consumer feeds are saturated by cheap (or sometimes eye-wateringly expensive!) 'fling' #ad posts and the authenticity of influencer content has gradually eroded away. Finding genuine, authentic, longer-term fans and nurturing the relationship with them needs to be the primary focus for marketing departments.
Just like real-life dating, algorithms and cookie-cutter strategies aren't likely to find you the perfect match. It needs to be more personalised. As with any relationship, making connections, no matter how influential, should be an emotional process with a human touch. The same goes for the way we measure the success of these relationships.
Building a brand is about more than just increasing follower count. It's about developing trust in consumers in the longer term and it's the most impactful content is often the hardest to track. A lot of brands are obsessed with being tagged, but truly organic content which doesn't include a tag to a brand can often be more powerful and have more staying power.
When fans spot Rita Ora drinking a beer brand in a post or story and the beer brand isn't tagged, they are much more likely to believe she's a genuine fan, and consider this next time they're ordering a drink. When followers see that a celebrity is a genuine fan of a brand, it has far greater influence and impact on sales and engagement. Just because something is more difficult to track, doesn't mean we shouldn't. This kind of authenticity is what all brands should be striving to achieve, and with the right strategy, it is possible to curate.
Forging a genuine relationship with an influencer requires patience, strong industry insight, more creativity and the ability to act fast. Once a relationship is forged, it's also really important to assess and nurture the organic relationship to help it develop.
It's time we started treating relationships with influencers more like real relationships. Data plays an important role in measuring the success of a campaign, but it's time we stopped putting it on a pedestal and brought more of a human touch to our campaigns.


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De Blasio and the Central Park 5 Settlement Reprised
Curiouser and curiouser. The Daily News recently ran a story detailing how deeply the City's Law Department fought against the historic settlement of the Central Park 5 lawsuit. (Here). The News references an internal report issued by the lawyers which argued that the aggregate settlement ought to be capped at $15 million, and that a trial was quite winnable. The thrust of the story was that the lawyers thought the eventual settlement of $41 million was grossly overvalued and unnecessary.
Today, however, Mayor de Blasio, put the responsibility for the settlement squarely on Zachary Carter, the head of the Law Department. (Here). De Blasio flatly denied knowing the amount prior to the agreement, playing any role in the process, or hearing any objections. It's a tough sell and reflects poorly on the Mayor.
The backstory is simple: Bill de Blasio's 2013 campaign was driven in no small part by attacking basic NYPD practices and the way in which Mayor Bloomberg and the City's Law Department was defending these practices. As an outsider, de Blasio blasted these municipal policies and promised to reverse course in several high-profile matters, including the Central Park 5 suit. And then he won.
The thing is, overseeing law enforcement and legal departments when you're in charge requires an entirely different set of priorities and concerns than cherry picking issues for campaign rhetoric. As Mayor, de Blasio is our chief administrator, whose main tasks include keeping the streets safe, by and from police, and keeping legal expenses down.
Further complicating things is the mindset of many NYPD supporters, whose viewpoint seems be, either you are entirely for us on every point, or you are against us. For many, like the police unions' leadership, there is no nuance, no shading, no gray. You are all in or all out.
For de Blasio, who is seeking to govern and support the NYPD while continuing to critique and reform the NYPD, it is an impossible task, and one that he is not handling well. (See, for example, Len Levitt's November 10 article, "Who Runs the NYPD?")
None of this was helped by his public statements to the effect that he had no intention of allowing the Central Park 5 case to go trial. While this may be a worthy sentiment, it's a terrible negotiating tactic. As previously remarked, once you tell a salesman that you must, absolutely must, have whatever he is selling, you cannot expect to get a good price.
So the City paid $41 million, or a million a year to five men who de Blasio's own NYPD and legal department felt strongly did not deserve it. Calling their conviction and incarceration an injustice, de Blasio rubbed open the wounds inflicted on the NYPD by former DA Robert Morgenthau when he first moved to vacate their convictions. He then paid them what is an historic amount of money.
As the lawyers and cops who fought the case for the past decade rebelled publicly, de Blasio quickly passed the buck, dumping the decision on Zach Carter, as though his office had any real say in the matter, as though it was Zach Carter's decision to settle this case. Call it for what it is: shameful backpedalling.
This may sound as though I too am opposed to the settlement. I am not. Reflexively, I support all such outcomes in civil rights cases, even when, as is the case here, I am not fully aware of all the underlying details and am not as convinced as others of the absolute righteousness of the case.
Yet, it is the selective nature of the settlement is upsetting. Outsiders may believe that de Blasio is truly seeking to remedy the City's past wrongs by paying off the victims. It is most definitely not. Yes, the CP 5 were paid, and paid handsomely. So too was Jabbar Collins, although he certainly was deserving.
But what of all the others? There is no shortage of cases where police, alone or with able assistance from prosecutors, railroaded innocent folks, causing them to sit for months or years in jail. For these folks, there is no easy justice, no compensation, no public vindication. For these cases, the City is litigating as though it is business as usual. Which I get, they have the public fisc to protect, and if they would rather allow the misconduct to continue and fight it in the courts, rather than seek meaningful systemic change, well, that's de Blasio's right as chief executive officer.
However, own the decisions you make. In this case, the Mayor eased into office by promising this settlement. Zach Carter may have executed the paperwork, but it is beyond implausible to believe that he would settle this case (of all cases) for this sort of money without City Hall's blessing.
Shame on de Blasio for ducking responsibility for the decision, and shame on him for making a mockery of the notion that he would bring justice to those wrongly jailed or impose real reform on the NYPD.
De Blasio's deflection is a craven political move that betrays a cowardice that I hardly expected to see, and an abandonment of the moral high ground which, however impractical for purposes of governing, was the Mayor's saving grace.
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Cedar Rapids mayor enters race for Iowa governor
Updated: 10:12 PM CDT Jun 20, 2017
Cedar Rapids Mayor Ron Corbett says he's running for governor to offer Iowa a "new game plan" after the departure of longtime Gov. Terry Branstad.Corbett announced plans Tuesday to run as a Republican in next year's primary, challenging Iowa's new governor, Kim Reynolds. Corbett made the announcement in a neighborhood that the city helped rebuild following the devastating 2008 floods in Cedar Rapids. He said that he wants to "revitalize Iowa the way we have revitalized the state's second largest city." Corbett described himself as a "conservative Republican with an independent streak." He said he would focus on several core issues, including plans to overhaul the state's tax code, protect its water and soil and improve its public schools.
CEDAR RAPIDS, Iowa —
Cedar Rapids Mayor Ron Corbett says he's running for governor to offer Iowa a "new game plan" after the departure of longtime Gov. Terry Branstad.
Corbett announced plans Tuesday to run as a Republican in next year's primary, challenging Iowa's new governor, Kim Reynolds.
Corbett made the announcement in a neighborhood that the city helped rebuild following the devastating 2008 floods in Cedar Rapids. He said that he wants to "revitalize Iowa the way we have revitalized the state's second largest city."
Corbett described himself as a "conservative Republican with an independent streak." He said he would focus on several core issues, including plans to overhaul the state's tax code, protect its water and soil and improve its public schools.