The purple bacterium Rhodopseudomonas palustris TIE-1 expresses multiple small high-potential redox proteins during photoautotrophic growth, including two high-potential iron-sulfur proteins (HiPIPs) (PioC and Rpal_4085) and a cytochrome c_2. We evaluated the role of these proteins in TIE-1 through genetic, physiological, and biochemical analyses. Deleting the gene encoding cytochrome c_2 resulted in a loss of photosynthetic ability by TIE-1, indicating that this protein cannot be replaced by either HiPIP in cyclic electron flow. PioC was previously implicated in photoferrotrophy, an unusual form of photosynthesis in which reducing power is provided through ferrous iron oxidation. Using cyclic voltammetry (CV), electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy, and flash-induced spectrometry, we show that PioC has a midpoint potential of 450 mV, contains all the typical features of a HiPIP, and can reduce the reaction centers of membrane suspensions in a light-dependent manner at a much lower rate than cytochrome c_2. These data support the hypothesis that PioC linearly transfers electrons from iron, while cytochrome c_2 is required for cyclic electron flow. Rpal_4085, despite having spectroscopic characteristics and a reduction potential similar to those of PioC, is unable to reduce the reaction center. Rpal_4085 is upregulated by the divalent metals Fe(II), Ni(II), and Co(II), suggesting that it might play a role in sensing or oxidizing metals in the periplasm. Taken together, our results suggest that these three small electron transfer proteins perform different functions in the cell.
© 2014 American Society for Microbiology. Received 2 August 2013 Accepted 28 November 2013. Published ahead of print 6 December 2013. The N-terminal data were provided by the Analytical Laboratory, Analytical Services Unit, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa. We thank Pablo Gonzales at FCT-UNL for the EPR spectra of pure HiPIPs and Miguel Teixeira at ITQB for obtaining the other EPR data and for helpful discussions. We thank J. Lavergne (Cadarache, France) for advice on kinetic experiments. We thank the Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI) and the MIT-Portugal Program (MIT-Pt/BS-BB/0014/2008) for supporting this work. D.K.N. is an HHMI investigator, and L.J.B. was a PEO scholar. This work was also supported by FCT through grant PEst-OE/EQB/LA0004/2011 and grant PTDC/BIA-PRO/098158/2008. I.H.S. is the recipient of FCT grant SFRH/BD/36582/2007.


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text:
The effectiveness of using crowdsourcing for improving information services: an action research approach
Ali Saif Said Al-Aufi*, Nabhan Al-Harrasi, Azhar Al-Abri
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the status of using crowdsourcing to develop information services through the Twitter platform and to determine the factors affecting such usage. Design/methodology/approach: A qualitative action research approach was employed to achieve the objectives of the study and to provide answers to the research questions. The effectiveness of using crowdsourcing technique for improving information services has been explored through five procedural stages: diagnostics, action planning, action taking, evaluation and determined learning. Three tools were used to collect data: open interviews, content analysis of the sampled accounts on Twitter and users' perceptions regarding information services. Findings: The results of the study revealed that crowdsourcing was not used in the development of information services per se, but it has been used for other purposes. The results also revealed that several factors influenced the adoption of using crowdsourcing to develop information services, including factors related to the institutional trust in crowds' capabilities, the nature of service and type of the needed development, and finally, the platform used to conduct crowdsourcing. The results of the action research proved that using crowdsourcing to develop information services could be effective. Practical implications: The study suggests a model that can be used to test changes implemented in organizations, especially regarding adoption of crowdsourcing as a framework to achieve the objectives of the institution, particularly in the planning processes. Originality/value: This research paper produces new knowledge through using a qualitative action research approach to understand the potential of social media in crowdsourcing. There have been no similar studies conducted in the region for the specified research design. The results add to the level of learning and raise awareness within the research community regarding the effectiveness of using crowdsourcing via social media platforms to improve the efficiency of information services.
Library Hi Tech
https://doi.org/10.1108/LHT-08-2020-0192
10.1108/LHT-08-2020-0192
Al-Aufi, A. S. S., Al-Harrasi, N., & Al-Abri, A. (Accepted/In press). The effectiveness of using crowdsourcing for improving information services: an action research approach. Library Hi Tech. https://doi.org/10.1108/LHT-08-2020-0192
The effectiveness of using crowdsourcing for improving information services : an action research approach. / Al-Aufi, Ali Saif Said; Al-Harrasi, Nabhan; Al-Abri, Azhar.
In: Library Hi Tech, 2021.
Al-Aufi, ASS, Al-Harrasi, N & Al-Abri, A 2021, 'The effectiveness of using crowdsourcing for improving information services: an action research approach', Library Hi Tech. https://doi.org/10.1108/LHT-08-2020-0192
Al-Aufi ASS, Al-Harrasi N, Al-Abri A. The effectiveness of using crowdsourcing for improving information services: an action research approach. Library Hi Tech. 2021. https://doi.org/10.1108/LHT-08-2020-0192
Al-Aufi, Ali Saif Said ; Al-Harrasi, Nabhan ; Al-Abri, Azhar. / The effectiveness of using crowdsourcing for improving information services : an action research approach. In: Library Hi Tech. 2021.
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Myrmarachne ichneumon is een spinnensoort in de taxonomische indeling van de springspinnen (Salticidae).

Het dier behoort tot het geslacht Myrmarachne. De wetenschappelijke naam van de soort werd voor het eerst geldig gepubliceerd in 1886 door Eugène Simon.

ichneumon

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


The United States has historically played a dominant role in the global trade, and therefore price formation, of major food, feed and fiber commodities. As the share of agricultural commodities exports produced by the US has recently declined, international supply and demand fundamentals likely play a larger role in setting even domestic commodity prices. Using wavelet coherence methods, this article examine the relationship between U.S. and international prices for corn, soybeans, and cotton. Our results reveal that integration between the markets of major exporters and importers of these commodities evolves over time: short-run (around 20 trading days) relationships between domestic and international prices are, in many cases, not stable, and even the long-run relationships between many price pairs is subject to distinct structural breaks. As the two major agricultural commodity exporters of corn and soybeans, the US and Brazil exhibit integration in the form of consistently significant long-run price relationships. In contrast, we show that Chinese agricultural commodity prices share little or no distinguishable relationship with the U.S., even though China is one of the biggest importers of U.S. products. This is likely due to Chinese trade barriers and price support policies that, while insulating domestic prices from external shocks, kept its own prices substantially higher than other countries from 2009-2016.
Over the past decade trade patterns in international corn markets have changed; Ukraine has emerged as major exporter of corn; trade restrictions in Argentina have led Brazil to expand both the production and exporting of corn; and ethanol production in the United States has utilized almost one-third of U.S. corn production. This paper analyzes the relationship of corn from each of these four regions of the globe, (the US, Argentina, Brazil, and Ukraine). We adopt the threshold co-integration methods to evaluating the role production of export quantities in price transmission, we will evaluate the role of quantity plays in price discovery. Our hypothesis is the prices are primarily discovered in the markets with largest quantity of exports or production.
The underlying biological cycle of livestock creates dynamics in commodity prices that differ from the price determination for other commodities. There has been little focus on any price determination function as U.S. livestock markets have moved toward greater industrialization. Global shocks such as currency devaluation in major importing countries will certainly affect commodity prices, but the question remains whether the evolution of the U.S. livestock industry in terms marketing, management and industry structure has alleviated those price impacts. This paper will examine the global determinants of price discovery for beef cattle, hogs and poultry in light of both the underlying biological dynamics of the livestock sectors and the change in industry structure. Knowing the degree to which price movements in these three sectors have become more (or less) insulated from global shocks is an important but previously unexamined aspect of research in livestock economics.
This paper examines the relationship between price determination and discovery in wheat futures markets and the globally distributed set of shocks to supply and demand fundamentals for the underlying physical commodity. We use high frequency transaction price data for the four major world wheat futures contracts (Chicago, Kansas City, Minneapolis, and Paris) to study price discovery and the reaction of prices to new information about supply and demand conditions for wheat inside a given trading day. We analyze the price determination process across wheat futures markets to identify the location of price discovery for wheat using cointegration-based econometric models. In doing so, we determine whether new wheat price benchmarks are complements or substitutes for the price-determining role traditionally played by U.S. wheat futures markets and whether the increasing importance of production in other areas has led to a decreased price discovery role for U.S. markets.


text:
Tag Archives: BMX
Posted on May 17, 2012 by EPR Retail News
Halfords Summer Brand Campaign 'The best trips last a lifetime'
This week sees the launch of the new Halfords summer campaign by DLKW Lowe.
The campaign centres around a 60" TVC execution, written by DLKW Lowe's Executive Creative Directors Richard Denney and David Henderson and directed by Academy's Frederic Planchon. The story follows 4 children on a summer family trip. A boy and girl from the 1970s playing alongside a present day brother and sister.
Set to the 70s anthem 'Into the Valley' by The Skids, the ad brings to life nostalgic moments from trips and holidays that people look back on with fond memories. Summed up in the endline ' The best trips last a lifetime', the ad reminds parents that Halfords is the launch pad to family adventures this summer. Bikes, tents, roof boxes and cycle carriers are at the heart of Halfords' business and heritage, and have been used by families going away on trips for years.
With the current economic backdrop, a trend for family 'staycations' this summer, and a desire to go 'back to basics' with simple pleasures of earlier decades, Halfords want to evoke memories of trips parents made when they were kids back in the 70s, when life was free, easy and fun. The ad shows how easy it is to recreate the same memories for their own children, instead of spending most of their childhoods indoors on computers and video games.
The 60" spot is supported by two 30" TVCs, one focussing on cycling and the other on camping. A longer 80" version of the film will also run online on Halfords Youtube channel, Facebook and VOD spots. The campaign will also be supported by retail TV and press.
David Wild, Chief Executive for Halfords commented 'The ad is designed to evoke our customers happiest childhood memories and portray Halfords as the gateway to enjoying the great outdoors with their family and friends. Our products and services are designed to ensure our customers have everything they need for their great getaways. So we want to remind people of the part Halfords has played in their holidays and how we can help again this summer."
The TV commercial launches on Wednesday 16th May 2012
For more information please contact Ian Barlow (New Business Director on 020 7584 5033).
Posted in Consumer Goods, Electronics, Equipment, Online Retailers, Retail | Tagged BMX, Halfords, roof boxes, Tents | Leave a comment |
Posted on July 14, 2011 by EPR Retail News
Halfords Figures Reveal The True Cost Of Bike Theft In The UK
Bike thefts could be costing British cyclists more than £80 million a year, new figures from Halfords reveal.*
According to police crime statistics, a total of 115,147 bikes were reported stolen in the UK last year. But the actual figure is much higher, according to the British Crime Survey, due to a high proportion of thefts that are unreported.
It estimates the true number is nearer 533,000, the equivalent of a bike going missing every minute, and means almost 80% of owners are failing to report thefts. National figures** show reported bike crime is up 4% and unreported up 12%.
The full extent of the problem has been revealed by cycle and leisure retailer Halfords, who obtained the latest theft figures from each UK police force and collated them to reveal a disturbing nationwide picture.
The growth in bike thefts has come as the country experiences a resurgence in bicycle use, with 12% of adults regular cycle users and bike sales exceeding £2.1 billion last year. Six per cent of bikes purchased are worth over £1000.
In terms of regional variations, not surprisingly the problem of stolen bikes is worst in London with 21,315 instances reported to the Met in 2010 with Westminster having the highest rate of theft (1,898).
Thames Valley had the second highest rate with 6,060 instances reported in 2010. This was followed by Greater Manchester (5,185) and Cambridgeshire (4,477). Thames Valley and Cambridgeshire contain university cities of Oxford and Cambridge which account for much of the crime in those areas.
Fife has the best record for bike theft, the east coast area in Scotland only reporting 78 thefts in the past year, despite it including the student town of St Andrews where there is high bike ownership. There were 24 times more thefts in Westminster than in the whole of Fife.
The worst area in Scotland was Strathclyde, which includes Glasgow. It recorded 2081 thefts, followed closely by Lothian and Border with 2026.
Over two thirds of bike theft occurs in or around a victim's home and research shows that while most cyclists lock their bikes when leaving them on the street, they are often unlocked when stored at a residence.*** The high number of unreported theft is put down to the belief that police will not catch the offender and that many bikes on the road are second hand.
Halfords cycling expert Paul Tomlinson said: "The scale of the bike theft is quite staggering and it can be devastating when you have bought your dream bike only to have it stolen.
"It demonstrates the need for cyclists to take precautions. We recommend bolt-cutter proof locks, because heavy-duty locks are a much better deterrent, and bike marking for all cycles.
"All Halfords locks are independently tested and rated Bronze, Silver or Gold depending on the length of time it would take a thief to break the lock and what level of equipment they would need.
"Our in-store experts are on hand to advise you on the best way to keep your cycle safe, such as purchasing the most appropriate heavy duty lock for your bike and investing in a bike tagging kit, so that it can be identified if it is ever stolen and recovered by police."
After revealing the price of cycle theft, Halfords is calling for a unified approach to tackling the crime.
Paul Tomlinson added: "It is clear that this is a nationwide problem and many initiatives are left to local forces. We urge customers to keep their bikes secure but we would like to see more co-ordination in tackling thefts once they have occurred."
The Police say one of the biggest problems is not recovering bikes, but finding out who owns them and they urge cyclists to take three simple steps to help reduce crime.
1) Record the details of the bike by getting it marked.
2) Register on one of the number of websites where details can be left3) Report if your bike is stolen.
Posted in Consumer Services, Electronics, Equipment, Online Retailers, Retail, Shops, Sports | Tagged bike thefts, bikes, BMX, cycle thefts, cycles, Halfords, mountain bikes | Leave a comment |
Posted on March 2, 2011 by EPR Retail News
A New Breed of Wheely Cool Sees a Rise in BMX
Following in the tracks of 'middle aged men in Lycra' (Mamil), trick obsessed BMXers are set to become the next driving force behind the UK's continued love affair with two wheels.
Data shows sales of BMX have grown more than any other cycling category this year. BMX now accounts for 16% of the total cycle market and looks set to overhaul traditional City bikes, currently 17%.
Retailer Halfords said demand is being driven by freewheeling youngsters looking for cycles with more edgy designs and better styling, from X-Rated to Apollo to the top-end, cool looking, US designed VooDoo range.
Widely available YouTube videos showing amazing bike tricks and the spread of a BMXers language through social networks has helped to drive the revival in BMX. They are becoming a fashion and lifestyle choice of cycles for both boys and girls alike.
The BMX almost disappeared during the 1990s but now analysts GFK say figures show that one in five bike sales are BMX and 94% of BMX's sold in Great Britain are purchased by 6-15 year olds. There's also a trend to customise BMX bikes. Halfords says the sales of accessories like skull and dice decorated valve caps and special stunt pegs have risen, along with skater helmets and fingerless mitts.
The growing popularity of BMX has developed against a backdrop of the rise of the 'Mamils', who have been at the forefront of the popularity of cycling in recent years and have driven the ownership of cycles in the UK to top over 4 million.
Now Dads in their thirties who remember the fun they had on BMX bikes are encouraging the revival, according to analysts Allegra Strategies in its Project Velo report on the cycle industry.
Halfords BMX expert Peter Hunt said: "BMX is becoming mainstream once again. It was always there with the cult pros but has filtered down to a new generation. GFK reported 1 in 5 kids are choosing fashion over form, with a BMX and our sales trends support this. BMX is already well established with boys, but we are now noticing a marked increase from girls too.
"We stock an extensive range of models to ensure our customers can find their perfect bike. Our VooDoo range is particularly exciting, offering cutting edge premium bikes at great prices.
Industry Cycling magazine BikeBiz said the popularity of BMX products were now exceeding peaks seen in the 1980s when speciality bikes became all the rage among youngsters.
Success of UK riders such as BMX World Champion woman rider Shanaze Reade has done much to boost the sport's popularity and new facilities for BMX riders are emerging all the time to cope with renewed demand for specialist facilities.
Stephen Rooke, Director of Redditch Skatepark and BMX Track, the largest outdoor supervised charity skatepark in the UK, said: We are seeing whole families taking part in racing and involved in the club. BMX has grown to become the dominant discipline at our venue.
"BMX riding is a way of life to many young people, where they gain amazing riding skills and develop a high level of fitness, agility and strength by doing something they enjoy. It is a great way to tackle youth boredom that has been linked to antisocial behaviour."
Construction is shortly to begin on a 43-hectare 'Cyclopark' facility in Kent, where world-class facilities will include a 340 metre dedicated BMX circuit.
The Olympics and construction of London's new cycling Velodrome and BMX track will further drive the popularity of the BMX, with 2012 Olympic cycling events including a BMX discipline after it was Introduced in Beijing 2008.
The Group is the UK's leading retailer of automotive, leisure and cycling products and through Nationwide Autocentres is also the UK's leading independent car servicing and repair operator.
Posted in Consumer Services, Electronics, Equipment, Online Retailers, Retail, Retailer, Shops, Sports | Tagged bikes, BMX, cycles, Halfords | Leave a comment |


The celebrations continued for the Evergreen Youths as they ended their season with a triumphant treble.
Having already secured the Henderson Shield and the Division One league title, Richard Lowry's side added the Buckley Youths' Cup to the trophy cabinet thanks to a win over city rivals Ormonde Villa in Derdimus.
The boys in green were quick off the mark, Bobby-Joe Walsh unleashing a snapshot. The 14th minute strike stung the palms of Villa 'keeper David Sweeney, but he made a solid save.
It was Ormonde Villa's turn to hit back after that. Finn Dowling thought he had a chance to break the deadlock when Liam Walsh's threaded pass put him through, but Dylan Drennan got back to nick the ball off his toe.
Evergreen hit back and got their reward five minutes later. Mark Slater provided the chance, firing in a free from the right wing. Bobby-Joe Walsh did the rest, beating team-mate Buckley to the ball to head it home.
Evergreen held that 1-0 lead into half-time, but very nearly doubled it within seconds of the restart. Walsh went close with a teasing snapshot, his effort giving the scrambling Sweeney a moment's panic, but the ball flashed wide.
Gaby Lapuste, who was heavily involved in his side's attacks all evening, was at the heart of their next chance. Controlling Ronan Coffey's flick-on, Lapuste put in a 57th minute cross for Ben Hickey. The chance was there, but Hickey blazed over.
Ormonde Villa were no slouches in the second half. After a fast break Liam Walsh was only denied a clean strike by Dylan Drennan's intervention. However, one of their own attacks would cost them dearly.
Clearing a Kieran Banville corner, Evergreen caught their rivals cold. Ben Hickey pounced on the clearance and dashed half the length of the pitch. Drawing the remaining Villa defenders he had support in the unmarked Bobby-Joe Walsh, but had the confidence to tuck a smart shot inside David Sweeney's left post.
The goal all but sealed the spoils, but Evergreen weren't given anything easily. Sweeney denied Mark Slater a goal from the penalty spot, guessing correctly to push the 68th minute spot kick on to the post and then claim the rebound.
Evergreen: Aidan Hynes, Gaby Lapuste, Robbie Hennessy (Tim Cummins, 71 mins), Dylan Drennan, Seamus McGrath, Robbie Buckley, Jamie Conway, Mark Slater, Ronan Coffey (Darby Fwamba, 65 mins), Bobby-Joe Walsh, Ben Hickey (Niall Brennan, 75 mins).
Ormonde Villa: David Sweeney, Daniel O'Driscoll, Robbie Murphy, Kieran Banville, Josh Dowling (Jamie Kavanagh, 84 mins), Kevin Murphy, Dean Conlon (Neil Russell, 65 mins), Shane Corr, Finn Dowling, Liam Walsh, Danny Bolger (Robbie O'Driscoll, 84 mins).
Referee: James Dunne. Linesmen: Eoin Walsh, Larry Buggy.


text:
Schleifseebach (in its upper course: Kochklingenbach) is a small river of Baden-Württemberg, Germany. It flows into the Bühler near Bühlerzell.

See also
List of rivers of Baden-Württemberg

Rivers of Baden-Württemberg
Limpurg Hills
Rivers of Germany


A little sparkle, a little dazzle, and a lot of determination!
It's easy to sparkle with Our Generation Jewelry Doll – Maeva, a beautiful 18-inch doll with long, straight, dark-brown hair and warm brown eyes.
What makes Maeva special? She loves inventing new flavors of popcorn, she is great at math, and she has pierced ears that can really wear earrings! Maeva wears a lovely pink dress with a glittery silver sequined shrug. She comes with a pair of rosette earrings, a matching rosette necklace, a pearly necklace, rosette hair pins, stud earrings, a floral headband, and a jewelry stand. Mix and match Maeva's jewelry to create different styles. She loves to change her look with your help!
Create your very own world of imagination and play with all the exciting dolls, accessories, and outfits from Our Generation!
Maeva is just one of the Jewelry Dolls who have pierced ears and love to accessorize! Meet the others like Aura and Adelita and you can help them swap jewelry for even more mix-and-match possibilities!
Maeva has so much fun trying out different ways to dazzle, and she loves to dress up in lots of different outfits to highlight her jewelry, like the Winter Wonder outfit featuring a gorgeous pink lace overcoat and sparkly headband!
Every doll needs a place to store all of their exciting jewelry and outfits. Check out the Wooden Wardrobe, a closet for your 18-inch dolls with a mirror, stool, and all kinds of storage space!
Maeva arrives wearing her hair straight and loose, but you can style her hair in a lot of different ways!


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The human life-form is not self-existent. Without a constant external supply of certain vital needs it will die. These have only one source. That is the terrestrial biosphere. Human beings cannot exist without land. In ancient times, so it is believed, people acquired possession of the land they needed simply by finding it then settling it. There was plenty for all. Contrary to widespread belief, there is still plenty for all. Despite this, most of us have none. We do not possess the means to turn our labour into our needs of life.
The reason is that, from ancient times, certain people have been greedy. They wanted more than they needed. Essentially, they wanted control not only of their own lives, but also the lives of others. The best way to gain control over people is to take control of the source of their vital needs, namely their land. So that is what they did.
Initially, so one is led to suppose, these ancient control freaks gained possession of the lands of their more passive contemporaries by force. At first it was probably a case of a large family leaning on its smaller neighbours. Later, perhaps a powerful baron pushed at his borders thereby gaining the land of the lesser barons around him. Finally, powerful nations conquered and subjugated lesser nations through overt acts of war.
Through this process of forcible dispossession, ownership of land became increasingly polarised. More and more became owned by fewer and fewer. And so it continued.
All the land of planet earth thus became the possession of a small minority. Possession equals power. The landed few thus gained power over the dispossessed many. It gave this few the power to determine the laws by which all must live. Naturally, they formulated their laws to serve their own interests. One of their laws was the law of inheritance. They structured this law so as to ensure that their descendants inherited their spoils.
Their descendants eventually became peaceful members of a modern ordered society. Nevertheless, they saw no reason why they should return to their dispossessed contemporaries what their forebears had stolen from their forebears. After all, the law did not require it. This is hardly surprising. The law is not there to disseminate equity. It exists solely to serve the selfish interests of those who hold power and influence.
Inheritance is a thing you cannot acquire by effort. It cannot be earned by any amount of personal endeavour. You either have it or you don't. And most don't. Inheritance is therefore not a means by which most can acquire their just and rightful portions of their planet's economic resources.
Today, in the modern capitalist free market, it is possible to acquire land by purchase. Land, however, is fundamentally different from everything else that is traded on the free market. Land is finite in quantity and has a permanent existence. There is only so much of it, but what there is, lasts forever. All other commodities are consumables. Their existence is transitory. They are created and then consumed. This is obviously true of things like food and fuel. But is it also true of so-called capital items like computers and cars. It is even true of seemingly permanent things like houses and ships. They are all created, sold and used. Then they wear out, die and their materials are recycled.
In this context, the notion of land having a price, in the way a product or service does, makes no sense. Rationally, the value of land would have to be reckoned in a different currency. Furthermore, such a currency could have no numeric equivalence to any in which goods and services were valued. Goods and services are what human beings consume. Land is the everlasting means through which people produce them.
Each human life-form and the terrestrial resources required to sustain it are inseparable components of a single machine. Putting a price on land is conceptually like putting a price on people. I don't mean the price of their hire. I mean the price of their purchase. I am talking about the buying and selling of human beings. I am talking about slavery. Though land be not sentient, the fact that both it and man are parts of an indivisible whole makes the buying, selling and disparate possession of land not very far removed from the same thing.
Notwithstanding the above, land is traded in the free market in the same currency as are goods and services. The result is that amounts of an eternally regenerative resource are exchanged for transitory consumables. The buyer of land gains something that will last forever. The seller gains something that will all too quickly evaporate. This may seem to provide a way for one, whose forebears were forcibly dispossessed, to regain his lost inheritance. However, land is a finite resource. It cannot be manufactured. Its price is therefore always high compared with that of human labour. He who must live by his labour can never hope to save up the price of even the smallest viable estate.
The only way one who is landless can amass the price of land is by fortuitous trading. He must trade for profit, not work for a wage. But profit is determined more by fortune than by effort. Chance must first find you an owner of land. Providence must then make him desperate to sell it. Profit must have furnished the buyer with the right amount of ready capital. Everything must come together in the right place at the right time. In the capitalist free market, chance offers such opportunities to only a few. Consequently, while land may on occasions change hands; market forces ensure that these owners shall forever remain few in number.
Sadly, the only real way for the dispossessed many to regain their rightful portions of their native planet is by popular insurrection. The favoured few who possess much, if they wish to keep what they have, must protect it from this real and present threat. In ancient times, one may safely speculate, this protection was provided directly by the landowner. He maintained his own private army.
Nowadays, however, this force is not provided directly by the owner of what has to be protected. It is provided instead by a police force. This comprises officers, each of which, in return for a wage, prostitutes his mental agility and bodily strength to protect the possessions of the landed elite against invasion, capture and confiscation by the dispossessed many, of which he himself is one.
If the police are met with an overwhelming force, then they are backed up by a larger and more heavily armed organisation called the army. The few who possess the earth thus ensure that they continue to do so by hiring some of the dispossessed to protect their possessions from all of the dispossessed.
Signs show that disparity is increasing. Indeed it is accelerating. The point may soon be reached when, no matter how strong the forces of containment may be, the bubble of oppression will once again burst into popular insurrection. Each time, the explosion gets bigger. The next time could easily be the last. Then the status quo, as we know it, will be destroyed forever. This surely will be the ultimate manifestation and bequest of unbridled free market forces.


text:
Prime Minister Narendra Modi to launch India's first seaplane service on Sardar Jayanti
IANS | 30 Oct 2020 1:00 PM GMT
PM to launch India's first seaplane service on Sardar Jayanti
Prime Minister Narendra Modi, during his two-day visit to his home state Gujarat, on Saturday will pay tributes to Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel on his 145th birth anniversary, by inaugurating the country's first seaplane service between the Statue of Unity (SoU) site at Kevadiya Colony to the Sabarmati Riverfront in Ahmedabad.
Gandhinagar: Prime Minister Narendra Modi, during his two-day visit to his home state Gujarat, on Saturday will pay tributes to Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel on his 145th birth anniversary, by inaugurating the country's first seaplane service between the Statue of Unity (SoU) site at Kevadiya Colony to the Sabarmati Riverfront in Ahmedabad.
He will also participate in the Rashtriya Ekta Divas Parade.
The inauguration programme will most likely be the last item on the PM's agenda on Saturday. He will take off from the Kevadiya Jetty built on lake number 3 near the Sardar Sarovar Dam. The sea plane will arrive at the Sabarmati Riverfront in Ahmedabad. From there, the PM is likely to return to Delhi.
The seaplane services will be started by the aviation company, SpiceJet.
The services will be provided incentives and benefits under the central government's 'Udaan' scheme. The scheme is being implemented as per a tripartite agreement between the Gujarat government, the Ministry of Civil Aviation and the Airports Authority of India (AAI).
For the maiden flight, the company has procured a Twin Otter 300 seaplane, which has arrived at Kevadiya SoU jetty. Infrastructural facilities such as a floating jetty are ready at both the places of landing and takeoff at lake number 3 at Kevadiya and at the Sabarmati Riverfront in Ahmedabad.
Before that the PM will take part in the National Unity Parade. The police forces of Gujarat Police, Central Reserved Armed Forces, the Border Security Force, the Indo Tibetan Border Police, the Central Industrial Security Force and the National Security Guards will participate in the parade.
The PM will also witness a rifle drill by female officers of the CRPF. The Indian Air Force will be performing a flypast.
He is also likely to interact with more than 400 trainee officers from services such as the Indian Administrative Services through a virtual conference.
Narendra-Modi
Seaplane Services


text:
Wichita Christian hopes to build on last season's breakthrough
The Wichita Christian football program is trending up with plans on maintaining that trajectory.
The Stars made their deepest playoff run in program history last season, playing the TAPPS Six-Man Division III state semifinals. It was a breakthrough season that has the Stars hitting the field with more confidence this fall.
"We have seven guys back from last year's team, and they're all pretty excited to get going," WCS coach Seth Nolan said. "Everyone is still on a high from last season. Everyone was excited to get back out here. The mood is really good."
And it should be. With four starters back on each side of the ball, plus a few transfers from Notre Dame who will help bolster the roster, things are looking up for WCS.
"My first thought (when Notre Dame shut down) was it's unfortunate for those kids. That school feels like it has been around forever," Nolan said. "It was kind of weird to know that we wouldn't have that rivalry anymore. We've welcomed those kids here with open arms, and not just on the football team. We've had some come over for basketball and volleyball. Our enrollment really grew with transfers in from Notre Dame."
Expectations have risen for the Stars, although Nolan believes the approach will remain the same.
"The goal is to win every game, every Friday. That was the focus last year, and we're not doing anything different," Nolan said. "We don't worry about the next Friday until this one is done. It's cliché, but it works. We treated every game the same. It never felt any bigger than it was."
The Stars will look a little different on this side of the ball. They often featured a tight formation last season, utilizing the tremendous running ability of Nathan Baker, who Nolan said "is the best running back this school has ever seen."
Baker is gone, but quarterback Parker Landes is back. Landes completed 46 of 67 passes for 806 yards, 21 TDs and four interceptions last season. As a team, the Stars only attempted 90 passes, compared to 231 runs, last season. That's going to change.
"We're going to throw the ball a lot more," Nolan said. "We have to be more balanced."
Landes will benefit from the return of Nathan Otto, who amassed 1,159 total yards last season.
The Stars have a big void to replace on this side of the ball, too. Kolt Peck was a disruptive force in opposing backfields. Peck is gone, and the Stars are looking to Kelby Wade to help fill his shoes.
Otto and Landes will also play vital roles on this side of the ball. Otto is the team's top returning tackler with 77.
EXTRA POINT
The Stars return more all-district performers (nine) than any other team in TAPPS Division III Division I, including state powers Lubbock Kingdom Prep (six) and Abilene Christian (five).
Wichita Christian Stars
Head Coach: Seth Nolan (second year)
Last year's record: 8-2
Returning starters: 3 offense, 3 defense
Last playoff appearance: 2020 (Lost to Kingdom Prep in state semis)
Last district title: 2017
Aug. 27 vs. Saint Jo JV 7 p.m.
Sept. 3 at Forestburg 7:30 p.m.
Sept. 10 at Decatur Victory 7 p.m.
Sept. 17 vs. Savoy 7 p.m.
Oct. 1 vs. Lubbock All Saints* 7 p.m.
Oct. 8 at San Jacinto* 7 p.m.
Oct. 15 vs. Lubbock Kingdom* 6 p.m.
Oct. 22 at Midland Trinity* 7 p.m.
Oct. 29 vs. Abilene Christian* 7 p.m.
Nov. 5 at Lubbock Christ the King* 7 p.m.


See scan - perfect condition. This is an extremely rare Bulgarian communist / socialist era medal awarded to an very low number of distinguished pilots for their utmost merit and achievements. Medal is gold and silver plated and comes with original blue suspension and case. Scarce aviation and Air Force honorary title collector piece and one of the rare Bulgarian medals.


Out of print on LP now for quite a few years, The Action's lone collection Rolled Gold achieved legendary status in collector's circles. Before it was issued in the late '90s the recordings present here existed, shamefully, as shelved demos for an album that was never to be. The band started as a four piece in 1963 called The Boys and issue one lone single under that name on PYE. While that didn't catapult them into stardom The Boys became the basis for The Action, who'd add Pete Watson on guitar and expand to a five piece whose toughened sound found fans in the burgeoning Mod scene, often garnering comparisons to The Small Faces and The Who. It's under these circumstances that the band was found by George Martin and signed to EMI with high hopes.
The album was shelved indefinitely after their single "Little Boy" failed to chart but remained for years in the EMI vaults. Eventually the shifting visions led Reg King to leave the group, with newly added keyboard player Ian Whitman assuming control of the band. Under his tenure they'd shift briefly to the name Azoth before finally becoming the vastly different and equally revered Mighty Baby. Guerssen has given the LP a new life and a gussied-up packaging worthy of its lost classic status.


Whether you are about to begin a building project or just need the land cleared for a specific purpose, Island Park Services specializes in excavation for both commercial and residential sites. We are ready and willing to either work with you as a subcontractor or as your prime contractor and will complete the project according to your specifications each and every time.
Our Island Park excavation specialists are licensed and highly skilled in their work. Customers from across Island Park appreciate and seek out our incredible excavation services and our reasonable pricing.
With our tools, machinery, and knowledge at your disposal, you can get your project done quickly and efficiently so you can move to the next stage of the process. Let our Island Park excavation experts take care of everything for you!
If the excavation service that you need for your home or business is not listed, don't worry! Just give our experts a call at our office to find out what we can do for you!
Because we have experience in the field and make sure that our employees are qualified, licensed, insured, and bonded, we can provide you with excavation services you can trust. Gone are the days of having a scary-looking excavation team work on your project. At Island Park Services, we train our employees to be friendly and knowledgeable in all the work they do.
If you are interested in getting an estimate for an Island Park excavation project that you have been planning, know that you can trust the experts at Island Park Services. Call us today at (208)-558-7548!


� questions on the laws regarding serving in Florida.
Pretty sure they can do just about anything to "serve" you the legal notice. They won't mail you the legal papers because the amount is above $5,000. If there is no other way to find you, they will start with where you work and move on from there. My suggestion is start thinking of ways to avoid the foreclosure auction by either a loan modification, a short sale, etc.


text:
Личэ́н () — район городского подчинения городского округа Путянь провинции Фуцзянь (КНР).

История
Исторически эти места были частью уезда Путянь (莆田县).

После образования КНР в 1949 году был создан Специальный район Цюаньчжоу (泉州专区), и уезд вошёл в его состав. В 1955 году Специальный район Цюаньчжоу был переименован в Специальный район Цзиньцзян (晋江专区).

В июне 1970 года уезд перешёл из состава Специального района Цзиньцзян в состав Специального района Миньхоу (闽侯专区), и власти Специального района Миньхоу переехали из уезда Миньхоу в уезд Путянь. В мае 1971 года Специальный район Миньхоу был переименован в Округ Путянь (莆田地区).

Постановлением Госсовета КНР от 18 апреля 1983 года округ Путянь был расформирован, и уезд был передан в состав округа Цзиньцзян (晋江地区).

Постановлением Госсовета КНР от 9 сентября 1983 года уезды Путянь и Сянью были выделены в отдельный городской округ Путянь; при этом из уезда Путянь была выделена урбанизированная зона, которая была разделена на районы Чэнсян и Ханьцзян.

Постановлением Госсовета КНР от 1 февраля 2002 года был расформирован уезд Путянь, а на его месте были созданы районы Личэн и Сююй.

Административное деление
Район делится на 2 уличных комитета и 4 посёлка.

Ссылки

Районы Путяня


Saturday, August 6th is the Ken Griffey Jr. Number Retirement Ceremony, and Sandi Tampa Real Estate has two sets of 2 tickets to give away! If you want to 'play' simply go to my Sandi Tampa Real Estate Facebook page (https://www.facebook.com/Sandi-Tampa-Real-Estate-198947938351/) and make a comment on the ticket give away post. I will select 2 names/winners on Monday (8/1) night.
I often hear people enthusiastically say: "They/I sold the house in a day!". I cringe because I know the seller has probably left money on the table. The below stats (2015 King County single family home sales) beautifully illustrate the point. Controlling the market exposure to 5 to 7 days will optimize your sales price. Selling a home is more than just sticking a sign in the yard—there is an art and a science to optimizing your bottom line.
This darling Wedgwood listing is fun! First, it's heartwarming to have repeat clients who trust me with the sale of their childhood home. Then, the sellers followed our pre-listing advice—pre-inspect, address some inspection issues, some prep, tidy the yard, and invest in staging—and, as anticipated/hoped, the market response is off the charts. I thought the Bellevue market was insane—take it up 2 notches for Seattle. What is extra nice is the high caliber of brokers on the other end. Offer review is tomorrow. It will be interesting to see what happens.
The Eastside market continues to be a strong Seller's Market. There simply isn't enough supply for the buyer demand. Interestingly, in the last few weeks, the single family home market has seen over priced homes not sell in a weekend (which is a lifetime in this market). Time will tell if this was a Spring Break induced lull or if there has been a slight shift. That said, the condo market is continuing to experience rapid appreciation.
Here is a link to the Eastside single family home stats: http://sanditampa.com/eastside-market-stats/ Anything less than 3 months of inventory is a Seller's Market. We are 1.3 months based on Closed sales and 0.9 months based on Pending sales.
Contact me if you want to discuss your home's value or if you want to learn strategies for winning multiple offers.
Listed this condo on Thursday and was Pending in 4 hours. Normally, we do an offer review period that runs through the weekend. In this situation, the seller received an offer they couldn't refuse, from a buyer who has been beat-up by the market. Beyond happy for my client and the buyer. It's truly a win-win. I love my job!
While giving clients their keys and sharing in their excitement is one of my favorite things. It's also a little sad for me, as the frequent interactions slowly to nearly a halt. It's a bittersweet, but certainly more sweet than bitter. This is Dani—she is fun (in case you couldn't tell).
Man oh man, is this market hot. I've been in 3 multiple offer situations in the last 24 hours. Buyers are active and writing offers. It's an amazing time to sell! It's also a good time to buy—interest rates are low, our demand is real (versus pre-bubble) and our local economy is booming (and diversified). Buying is challenging, but with the right game plan and team you can be successful.


There seems to be quite a lot of discussion in the blogosphere about how to select a search engine optimization firm. While it is of course necessary to see first hand proof of results the firm you select has produced for clients, SEO is such a complex industry that there are a few questions you must ask to get a handle on not just overall approach but style.
Link building is essentially the core of "best-practice" SEO, which means that it is important to make sure that they give enough time to the effort associated with building IBL's or inbound links. Find out what strategies your SEO uses and research the impact they have on listings. As always, avoid link farms and do not break the bank on buying links from other sites.
There is a reason that many businesses select firms which provide a suite of services - they have more tools at their command to help you enhance conversions. For example, an pure SEO provider may be able to get you loads of qualified traffic but the conversions you generate may be low as a result of poor design. If you select an integrated online marketing firm, they can assist you with copywriting, and defining usability issue to name a few. In the end, the name of the game is getting the most conversions possible from your Internet marketing efforts so always make sure that the SEO firm you select is more concerned with conversions than the actual number of visitors they send or the placement your listing receives at search engine.
There is simply no replacement for natural traffic (the traffic generated through non-sponsored listings on popular search engines (such as Yahoo, Google, MSN, AOL or the slew of others in the market) and only qualified SEO's can generate such traffic. If you are concerned about how your SEO is measuring up and want to determine the effectiveness of marketing campaigns managed by an outsourced SEO, make sure you have access to server logs in order to see not only the amount of traffic but where it is coming from and via what keywords.
Also consider utilizing a third party return on investment conversion tracker which lets you measure the effectiveness of individual campaigns - such as SEO, SEM, PPC, link exchanges, banners - from any location where a click can be counted. It works by appending the URL with a special alphanumeric code and inserting tracking code within two locations of your domain - typically a landing page and a page which indicates a successful conversion. Two such services are ConversionRuler.com and ROIspy.com.


text:
Books Books 1 - 9 of 9 on Office is reproduced by permission of the Controller of Her Majesty's Stationery....
Office is reproduced by permission of the Controller of Her Majesty's Stationery Office. i.
Irish-American Trade, 1660-1783 - Page xiv
by Thomas M. Truxes - 2004 - 464 pages
Limited preview - About this book
The Horse Trade of Tudor and Stuart England
Peter Edwards - Business & Economics - 2004 - 220 pages
...to print appendixes 1 and 4. Appendix 9 is Crown copyright material in the Public Record Office and is reproduced by permission of the Controller of Her Majesty's Stationery Office. I am also grateful to the British Academy and to the Social Science Research Council for supporting my...
Race and Slavery in the Middle East: An Historical Enquiry
Bernard Lewis - History - 1992 - 184 pages
...their possession. Crown copyright material in the Public Record Office and the India Office Records is reproduced by permission of the Controller of Her Majesty's Stationery Office. I am indebted to David Goldenberg, John B. Kelly, Hava Lazarus- Yafeh, and Michel Le Gall for suggestions...
The Origins of the Vigilant State: The London Metropolitan Police Special ...
Bernard Porter - History - 1987 - 256 pages
...Gascoigne, owner of the rights in the Harcourt papers. Crown Copyright material in the Public Record Office is reproduced by permission of the Controller of Her Majesty's Stationery Office. I leave to last the especial thanks which are due to my wife and children for putting up with my abstracted...
Ambiguity and Deterrence: British Nuclear Strategy, 1945-1964
John Baylis - Political Science - 1995 - 495 pages
...Longhurst, in particular, for her work on the index. Crown copyright material in the Public Record Office is reproduced by permission of the Controller of Her Majesty's Stationery Office. I wish to thank Pat Andrews of the Cabinet Office and Mr ID Goode of the Ministry of Defence for their...
Churchill: The Unruly Giant
Norman Rose - Biography & Autobiography - 1994 - 516 pages
...this book. Crown copyright material at the Public Record Office is reproduced by kind permission of the Controller of Her Majesty's Stationery Office. I would also like to thank those authors and publishers (listed in the bibliography) for quotations I have used from works of...
Britain, Japan and Pearl Harbor: Avoiding War in East Asia, 1936-41
Antony Best, Lse Routledge - History - 1995 - 260 pages
...for Military Archives; the Houghton Library at Harvard. Records from the Public Record Office appear by permission of the Controller of Her Majesty's Stationery Office. I would like to acknowledge Curtis Brown Ltd, London for permission to quote from the Chartwell Papers on behalf...
Elizabeth I: Collected Works
Elizabeth 1.> (regina d'Inghilterra), Elżbieta I ((królowa Anglii ;), Elizabeth I, Isabel I (Reina de Inglaterra), Queen Elizabeth (England, I.), ELIZABETH I. Queen - Biography & Autobiography - 2000 - 446 pages
...Elizabeth. 3 vols. 1823. Reprint, New York: AMS Press, nd PRO Public Record Office. Crown copyright material in the Public Record Office, London, is reproduced by permission of the Comtroller of Her Britannic Majesty's Stationery Office. STC A Short-Title Catalogue of Books Printed...
A World to Gain: The Battle for Global Domination and Why America Entered WWII
Thomas Toughill - History - 2004 - 213 pages
...earlier version by Cal Cal LLC, Gibraltar, 1999 © Thomas Toughill 2004 Crown copyright material from the Public Record Office, London, is reproduced by permission of the Controller of her Britannic Majesty's Stationery Office Thomas Toughill asserts the moral right to be identified as the...
Imperialism on Trial: International Oversight of Colonial Rule in Historical ...
R. M. Douglas, Michael Dennis Callahan, Elizabeth Bishop - History - 2006 - 184 pages
...is grateful to the publishers for permission to reproduce material from that book. Crown copyright material in the Public Record Office, London, is reproduced by permission of Her Majesty's Stationery Office. Editors' Introduction The creation of the League of Nations Permanent...


Bonsoir Chérie: My November must have highlights.
I'd like to start a monthly serie with my personal fashion crushes and share my most wanted pieces with you.
As I am a huge fan of Marc by Marc Jacobs's stuff, I'll start with the fancy I phone cover. I've got the cover in silver and whenever it lies on a table, people tend to grab my phone to check the case out. I just love the surface.
The delicate necklace is just perfect to combine with a black blouse or a finely woven sweater.
Gonna be a super cute detail for a simple outfit.
And the L.A.M.B. booties are just wow. Definitely need to think about these. And the best - all these three items are on sale! So be quick with shopping before they are gone..
Follow me on instagram @bonsoircherieblog or on facebook to stay tuned.


text:
Survey Confirms Water-Related Concerns
New Litigation Filed Over Spent Lead Ammunition On Public Lands
Ninth Circuit Affirms Dismissal of Federal Common Law Nuisance Claim for Global Warming
By Keri Holleb Hotaling
On September 21, 2012, the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals in Native Village of Kivalina v. ExxonMobil Corp. et al., 9th Cir., No. 09-17490, ruled that the Alaska town of Kivalina could not sue energy companies under a federal common law claim of public nuisance for global warming caused by greenhouse gas emissions. Please click here to see opinion.
Kivalina is a coastal Alaskan town approximately seventy miles north of the Arctic Circle, whose residents are indigenous Alaskans. The town contended that due to global warming and a commensurate sea level rise, inhabitants were forced to leave and relocate further inland. Kivalina sued twenty-two oil, energy, and utility companies, alleging federal common law nuisance; state law private and public nuisance; civil conspiracy; and concert of action. The residents of the Village were seeking roughly $400 million in damages. The Northern District of California dismissed the action on alternate grounds: (i) the action was prohibited by the political question doctrine, and (ii) the plaintiffs lacked standing to pursue their claims. The town appealed to the Ninth Circuit.
The Ninth Circuit held that the Clean Air Act and, and the Environmental Protection Agency action that the Act authorizes displaced Kivalina's common law claims. The Ninth Circuit largely followed the reasoning of the Supreme Court in American Electric Power Co., Inc. v. Connecticut, ---U.S.----, 131 S. Ct. 2527, 180 L. Ed. 2d 435 (2011), in affirming the dismissal of the action by the district court finding, "[i]n sum, the Supreme Court has held that federal common law addressing domestic greenhouse gas emissions has been displaced by Congressional action. That determination displaces federal common law public nuisance actions seeking damages, as well as those actions seeking injunctive relief." The appeals court concluded by noting, "[o]ur conclusion obviously does not aid Kivalina, which itself is being displaced by the rising sea. But the solution to Kivalina's dire circumstance must rest in the hands of the legislative and executive branches of our government, not the federal common law." Kivalina was one of the last remaining major climate tort suits pending in the federal courts.
Posted at 09:27 AM in Climate Change, Greenhouse Gas | Permalink


Search Engine Optimisation. Assumptions Tag optimisation,,, Content is King Inbound links Anchor Text Keyword Density Keyword Frequency Expert / Authority.
3 SEO resource vs PPC resource Why SEO is more important Q4 is coming; PPC ROI goes down, bids up, competition everywhere. Direct-To-Merchant deals more difficult to land. Google disabling routing/jump pages. Return of the Portal Still use PPC, but reinvest spend on your brand. Build portal, do it properly. Free natural traffic is extra revenue. Add to favourites, email capture. Campaign deals, CPM/CPC hybrids. Tangible asset.
5 Body Text The initial content, the first 2-3 paragraphs, is the MOST IMPORTANT. Especially the first 150-200 characters. Keyword Phrases (used by your target user/market) presented consistently and logically throughout body text will boost r ankings. When possible, Keyword Phrases should be used at the start, or near to the start of paragraphs. Ideal target is 200 – 300 words per page.
6 Things you may not know. The Title tag has a stronger weight with regards to Googles ranking – BUT – Google will try to match keywords and phrases in the Title tag with links and text in the page. Title tag should be varied to reflect each page. First 60 characters are the most important, title tag should be no longer than 15 words. Keyword density of around 2-7% is recommended (wont trip filters). KD = Keyword Count divided by Total Words x 100. Keyword frequency (repetition) of around 3-7 times per 100 words is recommended. Keyword prominence – words at the beginning of a page, paragraph, header are assigned a greater value than those at middle or end. Keyword proximity – the distance between 2 related terms, the shorter the difference the better the page will rank for that phrase.
12 Search Engine Optimisation – Best Practice Keyword Rich Title Description Spider Friendly URL Keywords in URL For Page Heading Search Engine Friendly Keyword Rich Text Text Based Menu Links Where is a good example of SEO?
14 Dynamic URLs and Solutions Spiders *can* be put off from crawling your site by heavily dynamic URLs http://www.domain.co.uk/session.php?=F38cmdu03/product.aspx?ID=7563&CID=100 Eliminate sessionIDs for spiders. Re-write the URL as: http://www.domain.co.uk/7563/100 Shorter, cleaner and spider friendly! One for your technical team. MOD_REWRITE for Unix/Linux based systems. ISAPI_REWRITE for Windows based systems. Check with your host if you are able to install these modules, if not, you will need to change hosts.
Download ppt "Search Engine Optimisation. Assumptions Tag optimisation,,, Content is King Inbound links Anchor Text Keyword Density Keyword Frequency Expert / Authority."
(SEM) SEARCH ENGINE MARKETING Build Your Brand & Maximize Revenue.
Link Building. Link Building Workshop How to get Links Co-citation Link building Dos Link building Donts.
Keeping Up With Google improve your site traffic through search engine optimization Patty Clemens Project Manager Northwoods | November 11, 2008.
Optimize Your Web Design Business Site: 10 Tips On SEO (Search Engine Optimization) to Drive Traffic To Your Business presented by seOverflow.
Clear Web Services – Guide To SEO And Web Optimisation.
Local SEO Panel Search Engine Optimization – employing techniques that help your website rank higher in organic (natural) search results. What is SEO.
PHP Meetup - SEO 2/12/2009. Where to Focus? Ensuring the findability of content Ensuring content is well understood by search engines Maximizing the importance.
SEO Best Practices with Web Content Management Brent Arrington, Services Developer, Hannon Hill Morgan Griffith, Marketing Director, Hannon Hill 2009 Cascade.
1 S.E.O Search Engine Optimization. 2 History of Google Began January 1996 Stanford University California Larry Page and Sergey Brin "BackRub" used a.
Presented by Karen Porter UM School of Business Administration & ImpactOnlineMarketing.com Website Development Basics ImpactOnlineMarketing.com.
The Values of a Link for Search Engine Optimization.
Search Engines & Search Engine Optimization (SEO) Presentation by Saeed El-Darahali 7 th World Congress on the Management of e-Business.
The process of increasing the amount of visitors to a website by ranking high in the search results of a search engine.
Search engine marketing MARK 430. After today's class you will be able to:  Distinguish between search engine optimization and search engine advertising.
Best Practices for Website Design & Web Content Management.
Search Engine Optimization By Andy Smith | Art Institute of Dallas.
Chapter 1 Getting Listed. Objectives Understand how search engines work Use various strategies of getting listed in search engines Register with search.


Fishing Long Lake, AK on 4/22/2019 will be best from 12:48AM through 2:48AM, and from 1:18PM to 3:18PM. If those times won't work for you, 5:09AM to 7:09AM looks promising. Remember to adjust these times based on barometric pressure, and weather changes.


New Delhi: To prevent any Amritsar-like incident, Northern Railways has instructed train drivers to slow down and guards to take appropriate safety measures on spotting a crowd or events related to festivals near railway tracks.
On 19 October, the guard, barely 400 metres away, had failed to alert either the people watching Dussehra celebrations standing on the tracks or the nearest station. 59 people were mowed down by the train as the people standing on the tracks were caught unawares.
The railways has maintained that it was not at fault because it had no intimation of the event.
"The railways has taken the incident of running over of 59 people which occurred on 19 October very seriously and to ensure that such incidents don't happen in the future, the railway administration has issued the following orders which are to be implemented," said the letter dated 23 October written by the senior divisional operational manager Northern Railway to all the divisions of the zone.
The letter has instructions for pilots, loco-pilots, guards, gatemen, keyman, station masters as well as the Railway Protection Force (RPF).
"If, while working, you see a crowd of people around the railway tracks, events related to some festival taking place, a fair or any public activity that is unusual, then control your speed. Inform the nearest station about it as well as provide the information in writing to the station-master in the trains next scheduled stoppage," the letter has instructed pilots, loco-pilots, guards, gatemen and keymen.
It has also said that during the festive season they should continuously "whistle" while crossing level crossings and work sites. The instructions also state that if during duty hours, any gateman, loco-pilot, guard or any railway staff or any member of the public informs the station master of any crowd or activity on the tracks, then he should act immediately and inform the RPF, Government Railway Police (GRP), local police and divisional controller for necessary action.
It has also said that if the RPF gets any such information about crowds on the tracks, they should also act accordingly and inform relevant authorities at the earliest.
Northern Railways spokesperson Deepak Kumar said that these instructions were already part of railways' operating manual and the 23 October letter was reiterating the instructions already in it.


text:
#include <aws/iotsitewise/model/ExpressionVariable.h>
#include <aws/core/utils/json/JsonSerializer.h>

#include <utility>

using namespace Aws::Utils::Json;
using namespace Aws::Utils;

namespace Aws
{
namespace IoTSiteWise
{
namespace Model
{

ExpressionVariable::ExpressionVariable() :
    m_nameHasBeenSet(false),
    m_valueHasBeenSet(false)
{
}

ExpressionVariable::ExpressionVariable(JsonView jsonValue) :
    m_nameHasBeenSet(false),
    m_valueHasBeenSet(false)
{
  *this = jsonValue;
}

ExpressionVariable& ExpressionVariable::operator =(JsonView jsonValue)
{
  if(jsonValue.ValueExists("name"))
  {
    m_name = jsonValue.GetString("name");

    m_nameHasBeenSet = true;
  }

  if(jsonValue.ValueExists("value"))
  {
    m_value = jsonValue.GetObject("value");

    m_valueHasBeenSet = true;
  }

  return *this;
}

JsonValue ExpressionVariable::Jsonize() const
{
  JsonValue payload;

  if(m_nameHasBeenSet)
  {
   payload.WithString("name", m_name);

  }

  if(m_valueHasBeenSet)
  {
   payload.WithObject("value", m_value.Jsonize());

  }

  return payload;
}

} // namespace Model
} // namespace IoTSiteWise
} // namespace Aws

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Q: Automate a series of actions done on a single .csv file to all .csv files within the same directory in R I'm working on a research project where I need to process data from a pair of tactile gloves. After exporting the data, there are 4 rows containing date and time that I don't need when doing analysis after, and there are a lot of columns that I also don't need. Long story short, I needed to delete the first 4 rows and only keep columns [1,2,33,53,76,95,114,133,164,184,207,226,245]. I wrote a pretty simple R script to do it for me, but I'm wondering how can I apply this set of operations to all .csv files in the same directory? Manually typing each file name every time is pretty painful. Thank you in advance!
# read uncleaned, raw, data
uncleaned_data<-read.csv("C:/Users/jiang/Desktop/Ready_Clean/Hongjiao_Medium_High1.csv", header = FALSE)

# remove the date and time headers
data_without_head<-uncleaned_data[-c(1,2,3,4),]

# extract the useful columns
cleaned_data<-data_without_head[,c(1,2,33,53,76,95,114,133,164,184,207,226,245)]

# write the new cleaned data into a new file name (adding "_cleaned" in the end)
write.table(cleaned_data,"C:/Users/jiang/Desktop/Ready_Clean/Hongjiao_Medium_High1_Cleaned.csv",row.names=FALSE,col.names=FALSE,sep=",")

A: You can list all the files in the directory and then filter the ones ending with .csv:
I assumed that your directory path is "C:/Users/jiang/Desktop/Ready_Clean/"
unfortunately i cant test the code in my pc but let me know if you have some questions.
library(tidyverse)
library(stringr)

#get all the .csvs present in the directory and then fabricate the new names just by appending '_cleaned' before .csv

paths <- list.files(path = "C:/Users/jiang/Desktop/Ready_Clean/") %>%
          str_subset(pattern = '.csv$') #capture all the files ending in .csv

paths <- str_c("C:/Users/jiang/Desktop/Ready_Clean/", paths)

paths_cleaned <- str_replace(paths, '.csv$', '_cleaned.csv')

get_csv <- function(path, path_clean){
    # read uncleaned, raw, data
    uncleaned_data    <- read.csv(path, header = FALSE)

    # remove the date and time headers
    data_without_head <- uncleaned_data[-c(1,2,3,4),]

    # extract the useful columns
    cleaned_data      <- data_without_head[, c(1,2,33,53,76,95,114,133,164,184,207,226,245)]

    # write the new cleaned data into a new file name (adding "_cleaned" in the end)
    write.table(cleaned_data,
                path_clean,
                row.names = FALSE,
                col.names = FALSE,
                sep = ",")
}

#walk2 would also be an option because we only care of side-effects here.
map2(path, path_cleaned, ~get_csv(.x, .y))

A: A Base R solution looks like this. First, we use list.files() to extract files ending with .csv, then use use the file list to drive lapply() to read the data, subset it, and write with write.table().
theFiles <- list.files(path="C:/Users/jiang/Desktop/Ready_Clean/",
                       pattern="\\.csv$",full.names=TRUE)
dataList <- lapply(theFiles,function(x){
     y <- read.csv(x,skip = 4,header=FALSE)[c(1,2,33,53,76,95,114,133,164,184,207,226,245)]
     write.table(y,paste0(x,".cleaned"))
})

Note that we use the skip = argument to skip the first four rows when reading each file, then immediately subset the object created by read.csv() via the [ form of the extract operator.
in the write.table() operation we use paste0() to append .cleaned to each original file name to distinguish the cleaned files from the originals.
Since the original question does not include a minimal reproducible example, we'll use the data from my Pokémon Stats GitHub repository to illustrate the solution.
The dimensionality of the Pokémon stats data is much different from the data described in the original question, so we'll skip the first four rows of each file, and retain only columns 1, 2, 4, and 6.
download.file("https://raw.githubusercontent.com/lgreski/pokemonData/master/PokemonData.zip",
                  "pokemonData.zip",mode="wb")
    unzip("pokemonData.zip",exdir="./pokemonData")

theFiles <- list.files("./pokemonData",pattern="\\.csv$",full.names=TRUE)
dataList <- lapply(theFiles,function(x){
     y <- read.csv(x,skip = 4,header=FALSE)[c(1,2,4,6)]
     write.table(y,file=paste0(x,".cleaned"),row.names=FALSE,col.names=FALSE,sep=",")
})

A screenshot of one of the original files can be used to verify the output. I have highlighted columns 1, 2, 4, and 6, starting with the fourth row of input (including the header row).

...and the output for the first few rows of ./pokemonData/gen01.csv.cleaned is:
4,"Charmander","Fire",309
5,"Charmeleon","Fire",405
6,"Charizard","Fire",534
7,"Squirtle","Water",314
8,"Wartortle","Water",405
9,"Blastoise","Water",530

The file gen01.csv contains the first generation Pokémon. The first three Pokémon in this file are Bulbasaur, Ivysaur, and Vensuaur. We can see from the output that these Pokémon and the header row in the original file were skipped, so the first observation is Pokémon 4, Charmander. We also see that the Total stat, the sixth column, matches the input file for the rows that have been written to the output file.
Validating the written files
Because we appended .cleaned at the end of each file we can use the same technique to list the .cleaned files as we did to list the .csv files and read them with read.csv(). This allows us to keep the original files distanct from the cleaned files.
# now read the cleaned files
theFiles <- list.files("./pokemonData",pattern="\\.cleaned$",full.names=TRUE)
dataList <- lapply(theFiles,read.csv,header=FALSE)
head(dataList[[1]])

At this point the dataList object is a list() that contains 8 data frames, one for each generation of Pokémon.
We use head() to print the first few rows of the first data frame in the list, which matches the results above:
> head(dataList[[1]])
  V1         V2    V3  V4
1  4 Charmander  Fire 309
2  5 Charmeleon  Fire 405
3  6  Charizard  Fire 534
4  7   Squirtle Water 314
5  8  Wartortle Water 405
6  9  Blastoise Water 530

Writing the cleaned files to a separate directory
Per the request made in the comments to my answer, here is a solution that creates a /cleaned subdirectory within the directory where the files were originally stored, and writes the files to that directory.
First, we create objects for the input and output directories. Then we create a new subdirectory for the output files if it does not already exist.
# solution that creates a ./cleaned subdirectory

inputDirectory <- "./pokemonData"
outputDirectory <- paste0(inputDirectory,"/cleaned")
if(!dir.exists(outputDirectory)) dir.create(outputDirectory)

By checking whether the directory exists before attempting to create it, we eliminate errors on the second and subsequent runs of this script.
Next, we list the files in the input directory. Because we're doing to use the inputDirectory and outputDirectory objects later in the script to manually build the full path names for each input and output file, we set the full.names= argument of list.files() to FALSE.
theFiles <- list.files(inputDirectory,pattern="\\.csv$",full.names=FALSE)

Next, we use lapply() to read the files, subset the right rows and columns, and write the cleaned files to the output directory.
dataList <- lapply(theFiles,function(x){
     y <- read.csv(paste0(inputDirectory,"/",x),skip = 4,header=FALSE)[c(1,2,4,6)]
     write.table(y,file=paste0(outputDirectory,"/",x),row.names=FALSE,col.names=FALSE,sep=",")
})

# verify that files were written to cleaned directory
list.files(outputDirectory,full.names=TRUE)

...and the output:
> list.files(outputDirectory,full.names=TRUE)
[1] "./pokemonData/cleaned/gen01.csv" "./pokemonData/cleaned/gen02.csv"
[3] "./pokemonData/cleaned/gen03.csv" "./pokemonData/cleaned/gen04.csv"
[5] "./pokemonData/cleaned/gen05.csv" "./pokemonData/cleaned/gen06.csv"
[7] "./pokemonData/cleaned/gen07.csv" "./pokemonData/cleaned/gen08.csv"
>

Appendix
Since commenters are asserting that the dots in the file names in paste0() aren't being rendered correctly, the following screenshot of the subdirectory demonstrates that the code does indeed work as I intended.

A: Hi I did some coding for you to answer your question.

*

*first set working directory

*list all the files you need to process. My assumption here is all files starts with "Hongjiao_Medium_High" and then there is some number

*use FOR loop over the list of file names to iterate

*pasted your code inside the FOR loop with some tweaks

Below is the code :
setwd("C:/Users/jiang/Desktop/Ready_Clean")
list_of_file_names <- list.files(pattern = "*png")

for(i in list_of_file_names){
  # read uncleaned, raw, data
  print(i)
  uncleaned_data<-read.csv( i , header = FALSE)

  # remove the date and time headers
  data_without_head<-uncleaned_data[-c(1,2,3,4),]

  # extract the useful columns
  cleaned_data<-data_without_head[,c(1,2,33,53,76,95,114,133,164,184,207,226,245)]

  # write the new cleaned data into a new file name (adding "_cleaned" in the end)
  write.table(cleaned_data,paste(i,"_Cleaned.csv"),row.names=FALSE,col.names=FALSE,sep=",")
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Tag Archives: NUCLEAR DEAL
Iran will not wage war against any nation, says Iranian president
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China calls on US to stop 'extreme pressure' on Iran
:: China's Foreign Minister Wang Yi warned on Tuesday that the world should not open a "Pandora's Box" in the Middle East, as he denounced US pressure on Iran and called on it not to drop out of a landmark
Japan PM Abe to meet Iran's Khamenei, Rouhani this week
:: Prime Minister Shinzo Abe will meet Iranian Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei and President Hassan Rouhani on a visit to Tehran this week, in a bid to ease tension between Washington and Iran that experts called a bold move
Iran's Zarif: We will face any economic, military war efforts strongly
:: Tehran will defend itself against any war efforts, be they economic or military, Iranian Foreign Minister Mohammed Javad Zarif said, according to Iraqi TV during a visit to Baghdad on Sunday. "We will defend against any war efforts on
French defense minister says weakening Iran deal would aggravate region
:: France's defense minister said weakening the Iran deal would aggravate an eruptive region, as world powers waited to see if U.S. President Donald Trump would pull out of the accord on Tuesday. Florence Parly told French radio RTL the
Netanyahu says has proof of Iran nuclear weapons program
:: Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu said Monday he had new "proof" of a secret Iranian nuclear weapons programme, as the US considers whether to quit a landmark atomic accord that Israel opposes. The Israeli premier, who has repeatedly called for
Israeli minister Lieberman heads to US to discuss Iran 'expansion'
:: Israeli Defense Minister Avigdor Lieberman is travelling to the United States for talks Wednesday on countering Iran's "expansion" across the Middle East, especially in Syria, his office said. During his visit, Lieberman will meet Defense Secretary James Mattis, National
As Trump and Macron meet, Iran's Rouhani warns on nuke deal
:: Iran's president reiterated his warning against a US pullout from the landmark nuclear deal between Tehran and world powers as meetings between President Donald Trump France's Emmanuel Macron got underway in Washington. Hassan Rouhani said the United States will
Iran threatens to 'vigorously' resume enrichment if US quits nuclear deal
:: Iran is ready to "vigorously" resume nuclear enrichment if the United States ditches the 2015 nuclear deal, and further "drastic measures" are being considered in response to a US exit, Iranian Foreign Minister Mohammad Javad Zarif warned Saturday. Zarif
Lavrov: Russia will not support US bid to change Iran nuclear deal
:: Russian Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov said on Monday Moscow will not support attempts by Washington to modify the Iran nuclear deal. Lavrov spoke days after US President Donald Trump said he would waive nuclear sanctions against Iran for the
How Trump may have set a trap for Iran
By : Oubai Shahbandar :: To understand why the Iranian government is worried about President Donald Trump taking a harder line with sanctions against the Revolutionary Guards, we first must take a look back at how the 2015 nuclear deal
Why Trump is right to re-think the nuclear deal
By : Dr. Majid Rafizadeh :: The Trump White House has been a purveyor of very well-founded criticism of the 2015 Iran nuclear deal, formally known as the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA). Countering the narrative about the agreement
Trump expected to decertify Iran nuclear deal, official says
:: President donald trump is anticipated to announce quickly that he will decertify the landmark worldwide deal to cut back iran's nuclear program, a senior management professional said on thursday, in a step that doubtlessly could reason the 2015 accord
Confronting North Korea and Iran
By : Abdulrahman al-Rashed :: The weak Iranian nuclear deal, which the former American administration agreed upon, is partially responsible for North Korea's surge in developing its nuclear program. Iran was rewarded with a sum of $150 billion as per
Trump: 'Not much' of a nuclear deal after Iran tests missile
:: Iran's test launch of new medium-range missile calls into question a landmark nuclear deal with the United States and other world powers, President Donald Trump said Saturday, while also accusing the Islamic republic of colluding with North Korea. "Iran
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Rouhani: We will respond decisively to any violation of the nuclear agreement
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Okay, so this may not be a video about the BEST falafel in Berlin, but it is probably the cheapest 🙂 We wanted to make a video that illustrates that you can live on a tight budget, but not give up your social life completely. Eating out is a huge part of a lot of people's lives and it is a wonderful way to spend time with family and a friends, however it can easily become a super expensive habit … appetizers, dessert, drinks… I mean it is not surprising for people to easily spend over 30 euros a person on a dinner out, which is over a weeks worth of food budget in our frugal lifestyle. So we decided to show you how eating out cheaply can be done in Berlin and enlisted the help of our friend Alix (instagram.com/ouijetaimeaussi) who found falafel for just 50 cents. The main way to make sure that being frugal doesn't dictate your entire life is to be creative and proactive. Instead of waiting for other people to suggest things to you (let's go to this new bar?, want to go get sushi? go to the movies?) make the effort to organize events for all your friends. Not only will you be able to keep the budget low for the activities, but your friends and family will appreciate you taking the initiative to plan fun things for everyone to do. Some cheap things that can be done anywhere: movie night in with homemade popcorn, go on a hike and bring a picnic lunch, go on a walk in a park, game night, have a potluck, look up free events in your area, the list goes on and on! If you have any favorite free activities share them with us in the comments below : ) We'll have 6 videos in this series and we hope to cover not only how to make great tasting, healthy meals, but also fun things to do that are free, the struggles that come up and so much more. If you have any questions or suggestions for us please leave us a comment below! We absolutely love hearing from you and can't wait to share more.
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Emily is a stirling green tender engine with big driving wheels.
Emily was brought to Sodor work with James at the Yard when she heard a whistle it was Percy shouting for help Emily could see that Percy was on fire and went to get Flynn and Belle for help and together they rescued Percy and he was happy. Whilst on the way to Misty Island, Emily was put in charge of the Logging Locos that meant she was the leader and they had to do what she wanted them to do. Emily can be a bossy boots.
Emily is based on a GNR Stirling Single, of which there is only one left in the world, located at the National Railway Museum in York.
One of Emily's models is currently on display in Canada at Nitrogen Studios.
Many fans speculated Thomas and Emily to be a canon couple but, it was not true. They still remain friends.


Over the last couple of months I have been enjoying my new Frigidaire Symmetry Double Oven. I have been baking and cooking all sorts of things. (Granola, Homemade Rolls, Pizza, Cookies, Pies, Cakes and more).
I do have to admit I'm still learning the in's and out's of this beautiful stove, but slowly I'm getting it all figured out. A couple weeks back I made these wonderful Soft Honey Wheat Rolls to go with our dinner.
While the rolls were in the oven rising the kids wanted pizza. I told them they would have to wait until the rolls were done baking before I could add the pizza. Silly me I had totally forgotten that I had a double oven.
I had the rolls rising and then baking in the upper oven while I cooked a pizza for the kids in the lower oven. I was playing around with the pizza feature and was totally shocked that it had two settings, one for frozen pizza and one for fresh pizza. How cool is that? I can't wait to make homemade pizza with "Fresh Setting"
Christmas was also the first holiday that I could cook all my dishes in the oven at the same time! Thank you Frigidaire Symmetry Double Oven. I cooked a 15lb turkey in the upper oven (each oven can hold up to a 28 lb turkey).
And all the side dishes were cooked together in the lower oven. I had plenty of space and everything cooked up evenly. I never realized how much I needed a two ovens until now. Having the new Frigidaire Symmetry Double Oven really made my life so much easier over the holidays.
Before I go I wanted to share the recipe for these yummy Soft Honey Wheat Rolls. I also wanted to include a link to a video on how to shape the perfect dinner roll. I use this method for perfectly round rolls every time.
In a large bowl, combine whole wheat flour, 1 cup all purpose flour, 2 tablespoons honey, yeast and salt.
Add water and 2 tablespoons melted butter; beat on medium speed for 3 minutes or until smooth. Add additional 1/2 cup all purpose flour to form a soft dough.
Turn onto a lightly floured surface; knead until smooth and elastic, about 4-6 minutes. Shape into a ball, cover dough and let rest about 10 minutes.
Divide dough into 12 pieces. Shape each into a ball. Place in a greased 9-inch round baking pan. Cover and let rise in a warm place until doubled, about 30 minutes.
Bake at 375 degrees for 11 - 14 minutes or until lightly browned. Combine 1 - tablespoon honey with 1 - tablespoons melted butter and brush on warm rolls before serving.
I want your ovens. On holidays I am always having to figure out what need cooked first. How much time I have to get every thing cooked in the oven. And still keep it warm. I can dream. Your rolls look great. I am going to have to try your recipe.
Very cool. The rolls look yummy!
Just made the rolls last night and they turned out fabulous. They taste as good as they look. I even doubled the recipe and I was a little scatterbrained when I made them and didn't follow the directions of what to add when, etc and they still turned out great. Thanks for a great new roll recipe.
Amy I am so glad you liked them. I am slowly trying to incorporate the white whole wheat flour with my family. I think using both flours really made this recipe. Thank you for stopping back by and letting me know how the rolls turned out.
These were really good, Tina! I don't have white whole wheat flour, just regular whole wheat and they still came out really good.
Hey was wondering if you would add "kid fun recipes" section. Meaning all kinds of stuff that kids would like. New and interesting ideas for lunches...just on my wish list :))) thanks love all you recipes!!
Here is a post I did before school started on back to school lunch box ideas.
Tina, I have made these twice since last Saturday. My family just loves them. Thank you for posting this recipe.
I am in the kitchen AGAIN making these rolls... These are my new "go to" rolls! They are easy and oh so delicious! Thank you for the post!


This extensive book presents an up-to-date guide for women on breast disorders. It helps distinguish between normal breasts and abnormal conditions, as well as demonstrating breast-self examinations. Includes information about breast cancer, those at risk, surgical options, post surgery considerations and reconstruction.


Yudely (Camilo) and Justin Nace: of Manchester, June 27, a daughter.
Brittany (Hahn) and Nathan Sunday: of York, June 27, twin sons.
Carly (Weaver) and David Kochenour: of Dover, June 27, a son.
April Thomas and Jonathon Cassidy: of Delta, June 28, a daughter.
Brittany Granruth and Stanley Bolen: of Dover, June 28, a son.
Brittney Winters and Jeremy Shaffer: of Mt. Wolf, June 28, a daughter.
Kaitlan (VanDuzer) and Alan Brocious: of York, June 28, a daughter.
April Thomas and Jonathan Cassidy: of Delta, June 28, a daughter.
Katie (Gemmill) and Jeremy Swartz: of Red Lion, June 28, a son.
Arianne Magne Nde and Francois Chedjou Soh: of York, June 29, a son.
Holly (Baker) and Thomas Almanza: of Windsor, June 29, a daughter.
Hope (Zalewski) and Corey Messinger: of York, June 29, a son.
Jody (Gruss) and Jason Chesla: of York, June 29, a son.
Autumn Waltemyer and Tyler Jenkins: of Glen Rock, June 30, a daughter.
Jean and Jason Wood: of East Berlin, June 30, a son.
Cantrell (Donley) and Sean Skehan: of York, June 30, a son.


Are you wondering why many people prefer a natural sausage casing in Calgary? Well, you have come to the right place. In this article, we discuss the advantages of natural casing sausages. Natural sausage casings are unique from artificial casings both in looks and in flavor.
The Sumerians invented the sausage over 4000 BC. There are also descriptions in the world's oldest recipe books from Babylon talking about sausages. They books describe them as cooked meat stuffed in goat stomach. Among the ancient Greeks and Romans history, numerous stories are talking about sausages.
The natural sausage casing consists of naturally occurring collagen. It is different from the "collagen casing" which is an artificial sausage casing. The collagen found in the intestines of an animal forms a submucosa layer, its edible, and it resembles the original intestines even after processing. What happens during processing is the removal of the outer layer of fat and the inner mucosa lining.
The resulting natural casing is safe to eat and retains the natural flavor that makes us love sausages encased in the natural casing. They resemble the original casing not just in appearance but also in composition and functionality. Manufacturers use only salt and water to clean and preserve them. In any organic sausage production, one must use only natural casings. Those sausages that come from grass-fed animals offer the best quality in taste and texture.
In the past, people used intestines from sheep, goats, cattle, pigs, and even horses to make the natural casings. Those from goats, sheep, and cattle were the most popular and accepted among all people. Cleaning has now stopped being a manual process. Today, modern machines do the natural sausage processing just as good as humans do, but faster and hygienically.
They are breathable and therefore enhance flavoring as the meat gets roasted.
They have natural sheen, curves, and rounded edges that give them a visual appeal.
They are distinguishable due to other non-uniformity from mass produced collagen casing, hence more valuable.
Because of use of machinery to speed up the cleaning and staffing of natural sausages, both consumer and manufacturers have developed a preference for natural sausage casing Calgary.
Overall, if you need to enjoy the perfect sausage taste that humanity has loved for thousands of years, then you have to choose the natural sausage casing.