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Reprinted from:
mw_danger.html
ARE MICROWAVE OVENS A SOURCE OF DANGER?
by Marion Wild
Originally published at:
www.vegan.swinternet.co.uk/articles/health/mw_danger.html
Microwave ovens, one of the many dubious technical achievements which were brought to Europe from the United States, have become increasingly popular in the last decade. Clever advertising campaigns of industry and trade have made sure that consumers are well informed of the advantages of microwave ovens. Microwave cooking is time-saving, simple and more convenient as well as energy-saving are the main sales arguments. Children in supermarkets are even offered ice cream with microwaved raspberry topping. Are these devices really safe, and is microwaved food really harmless?
The use of microwave ovens in commercial, domestic and other premises has in creased substantially over recent years. The food industry has been using the "quick wave" even since the 60s. In many medical practices patients are informed that microwaved food is practically free of micro-organisms and is therefore recommendable. In a book about cancer and nutrition the Swiss Cancer League states that "gentle cooking" in a microwave oven allows "only little mutagen formation." However, recent findings in research paint quite a different picture. An increasing number of consumers is beginning to suspect that microwaves are any thing but harmless.
HOW DO MICROWAVE OVENS WORK?
The physical principles of the microwave oven is quite simple: in the microwave oven an electronic tube, the so-called magnetron, generates an alternating power field. The molecules within the food - especially the polar water molecules, but also amino acids, lipids and proteins - are forced to align themselves with the rapidly changing alternating electrical field. They oscillate around their axis in response to reversal of the electric field that occurs up to 5 billion times per second. This oscillation creates considerable intermolecular friction that results in the generation of heat. Thus, the food is heated from the inside outwards leaving the dishes and the oven itself cold, because they are not directly heated by microwaves. This is contrary to conventional heating of food, in which heat transfers convectionally from the outer to the inner. In order to avoid interference between different applications of high frequency radio waves a frequency of 2450 MHz, which equals a wavelength of approx. 12 cm, was laid down for industrial and medical use - this includes microwave ovens for household use.
The phenomenon of frictional heat caused by micro waves was discovered accidentally in 1946 (if not earlier) during an experiment with a magnetic field tube. One of the researchers, Percy Spencer, noticed that a piece of chocolate he had been carrying in his jacket pocket had melted although he had not been aware of any heat. The discovery triggered off the development of kitchen appliances in the U.S.A. utilizing this heating effect. As early as 1952 a microwave oven, adapted for domestic use, was placed on the U. S. market - under license to Raytheon Company. Oscillation of a polar molecule in an electric field.
THRESHOLD VALUES AND MICROWAVE EMISSION
In the western part of the world the detrimental effects of microwaves on biological systems have at least been known since their first application during the last world war. Russian scientists had already conducted research in the 1930s on the effects of microwaves on the nervous systems of humans and animals. Their findings led to very strict safety measures which, however, were not taken seriously by western scientists who in the 1960s still used threshold values a thousand times higher than those of the Russians. In the late 1980s a study on domestic microwave ovens was conducted in Washington D.C. as well as in two other states. It revealed that microwave emission during the thawing, cooking and grilling processes was one quarter higher than the official threshold value of 10 mW/cm2 laid down by the electrical industry. A product test revealed that 24 out of 30 of the tested microwave ovens were considered too dangerous and had to be withdrawn from the market. Microwave emission of these ovens reached values of up to 20 mW/cm2. A hearing of the American Senate Committee started a controversy between science and the industry on the safety of cooking with microwaves which still continues. The largest manufacturer of microwave appliances, the Raytheon Company, that also supplies industrial enterprises and canteens with cooking and drying appliances, assured the committee that all their devices were fitted with ample safety measures, and furthermore it were "in any case clear that microwaves, unlike X-rays, don´t have a cumulative effect." However, a renowned university professor sent the following statement to the committee:
"We have proven beyond doubt that microwaves hitting the eye have the following damaging effect: repeated short microwave radiation which in itself is not painful and shows no ill effects in the beginning, leads in the case of frequently repeated exposure to lasting eye damages. Thus this non-ionizing radiation has a dangerous cumulative effect." [1]
The same also applies to domestic microwave ovens. A housewife unknowingly exposed day by day to microwave emission from an oven installed at eye level may acquire serious eye damage or even go blind. Those areas of the body with low circulation, respectively with a low cooling effect, generally react more sensitively to microwaves because the rise in temperature is greater than in areas with good blood circulation. The most sensitive part of the body is the lens.
A special safety interlock switch stops the generation of microwaves immediately the door is opened. In Switzerland the doors must withstand at least 100 000 open and close operations without damage. All commercial models have to pass this test. There is, however, no guarantee that there is no microwave leakage while the microwave oven is running, especially as far as older devices are concerned, and the consumer has no way of testing. In 1990 during a microwave oven testing program conducted by the Berliner Stiftung Warentest (Berlin Foundation for Product Tests) it was found that all of the tested ovens emitted microwaves while in operation.
However, in 1992 the Swiss Federal Office for Public Health stated: "Microwave leakage from properly run microwave ovens which are in perfect working order is not hazardous to human health, not even to people requiring special protection, e.g. pregnant women and infants. Fire and gas are much more dangerous in comparison." [2]
THERMIC AND NON-THERMIC EFFECTS
In addition to thermic effects, i.e. caused by frictional heat, athermic effects of microwave radiation must also be taken into account, meaning interaction between microwave radiation and structures in living organisms not caused by frictional heat. In Russia the non-thermic effects are also taken into consideration when laying down standards, while in other countries, such as Germany for example, only the thermic effects are taken into account. Compared with other countries, Germany is the most liberal as far as exposing its population to radiation is concerned.
Scientists declare that the quantum energy of microwave radiation is some orders of magnitudes less than required to dissociate covalent bonds and to trigger chemical reactions. It is therefore assumed that no chemical effects can be detectable in microwaved nutrients. Thus, according to scientific research, proteins, fatty acids, vitamins, etc. are not changed. Nevertheless, histological studies with micro waved carrots and broccoli have revealed that the molecular structures of nutrients are deformed by high frequency reversal of polarity, even up to the point of destroying the cell walls, whereas in conventional cooking the cell structures remained intact [3]. Microwaving may even result in the development of new, hitherto unknown substances. The microwave induced reversal of the polarity causes the cells of the nutrients to become destructively polarized, thus free radicals can be created. All radicals have a strong tendency to cause reactions. They can interact with enzymes thus causing a disruption of biological processes. Microwave emission (leakage radiation) of 101 tested domestic microwave ovens.
In addition, through induction the food itself becomes a carrier and secondary source of technically generated radiation. Studies regarding the luminous power of luminescent bacteria revealed a highly significant association between the amount of microwave energy in the test foods and the increased energy in the blood serum of test persons who ate that food. The luminous power of luminescent bacteria exposed to serum from these test persons was significantly greater than that exposed to serum of those persons who had eaten conventionally heated food or raw food, respectively. This led the authors to the conclusion that such technically derived energies may be passed along to man inductively via ingestion of microwaved food [4, 5].
In a report published in 1980 by the Institute of Radiation Hygiene of the German Federal Office of PubIic Health (BGA) 16 studies were comparatively evaluated with regard to thermic and non-thermic effects of microwave radiation [6]:
Decrease in enzyme activity and influence on enzyme catalyzed processes;
Influence on the thyroid gland, suprarenal gland and their hormones;
Effect on composition and function of blood components respectively;
Influence on cell growth, and structural changes in chromosomes;
Cataract;
Influence on concentration, blood constituents, and hormones in the brain respectively.
At the end of the 1970s a Forensic Research Document was released in the United States containing alarming findings on the destruction of the nutritive value of foods, development of cancer-causing agents, and direct biological effects of exposure to microwave emissions on humans (Microwave Madness - The Truth Campaign magazine no. 2 p.16-17).
CONSEQUENCES OF MICROWAVE RADIATION
The main effect of microwave treatment is, of course, quick heating of food compared to conventional heating methods. This quick heating of food-substances can lead to uneven and non-calculable heat distribution in the food - causing so-called "cold spots" and "hot spots" respectively. Thus germs are often not sufficiently inactivated and eliminated. Short heating periods of microbiologically contaminated food are a serious health hazard [7]. At the Department of Medical Microbiology, Leeds University, England, the uneven heat conduction was also studied: two British scientists reported that the salt content in a defined portion of mashed potatoes influenced the temperature inside - the greater the salt content, the lower the temperature. The authors came to the conclusion that "the poor penetration of microwaves into the test food with high ionic concentrations may result from the induction of electrical/ionic flow in the sur face of the food. This would also explain why commercial food heated in microwaves commonly boils on the surface but is cool on the inside" [8]. This may result in salmonelosis and listeriosis through insufficient cooking of, for example, chicken.
The anthroposophist A. Bohmert reported the following discovery in one of her presentations: water samples were heated, some in a microwave oven and others convention ally, and then left to cool down before use. These water samples were used to bring grain to germination. The grain in contact with microwaved water was the only one that did not germinate.
In 1973 two American scientists, P. Czerski and W.M. Leach [9] proved that microwaves cause cancer in animals. The American National Council for Radiation Protection NCRP announced at the end of the 80s that children of mothers exposed to using microwave ovens were found to have an increased rate of malformations.
Early in the 1990s a hospital in Minneapolis, Minnesota, distributed pamphlets warning people against using microwave ovens to heat infant formulas because they altered the food. In 1991 a patient in a hospital in Tulsa, Oklahoma, died of anaphylaxis after receiving a blood transfusion for which the blood had been warmed in a micro wave oven. Apparently the microwave irradiation had altered the blood causing the patient´s death. In that very same year the New England Medical Center in Boston stated that the structural and functional integrity of erythrocytes (red blood cells) remained unaltered by microwaving. But then what killed the patient?
MILK AS A WARNING EXAMPLE
Established science has yet to prove that no qualitative changes take place in irradiated matter, e.g. impede the characteristic vital-energy field, as was probably the case in the experiment with the germination of grain. An interesting research method was published by Le Laboratoire associatif pour I´application des tests sensibles (LAPATS). A special crystallization method for test-suspensions makes it possible to draw conclusions as to the kind and origin of food-substances, e.g. biological or conventional production, irradiated or not, and the heating method used. The crystallization method reveals that food becomes denatured through irradiation. Microwaved milk was denatured to such a degree that it was not considered fit for consumption.
A group of scientists at the Stanford University School of Medicine in California discovered that microwaving breast milk at high temperatures (72°C to 98°C) caused a marked decrease in activity of all the tested anti-infective factors. E. coli growth at >98°C was 18 times that of control human milk. Microwaving at low temperatures (20°C to 53°C) had not significant effect on total IgA, but did significantly decrease lysozyme. Even at 20°C to 25°C, E. coli growth was five times that of control human milk. Because microwave radiation lead to a significant loss of the immunological properties of milk the authors concluded that microwaving is definitely "not a suitable heat treatment modality." They assumed that non-thermal as well as thermal effects of microwave radiation must play a decisive role because "the adverse effects on anti-infective factors are difficult to explain on the basis of hyperthermia alone." [10]
A further study on milk, conducted in Vienna, showed that microwave treatment induced high razemization rates in food proteins which was not observed after conventional cooking. In particular, D-proline and cis-D-hydroxyproline were reported to have been found in significant amounts in microwave-heated infant milk formulas. Normally, L-proline is found in biological matter. Lusec et al. [11] warned that "the conversion of trans to cis forms could be hazardous because when cis-aminoacids are incorporated into peptides and proteins instead of their trans isomers this can lead to structural, functional, and immunological changes." Moreover, in animal experiments D-proline was found to be neurotoxic. Renowned scientists did their utmost to discredit these findings. Shortly afterwards the Nestle Research Centre declared food microwaving "as good as and some times better than the conventional heat treatments." In fact, Lubec himself "revoked" his findings in 1990, yielding to pressure from industry and trade.
MAN AND MICROWAVED FOOD
How does microwaved food affect the human organism? Whether it is detrimental and to what extent can, at present, only be observed by its effects on living organisms. In 1992 the Swiss Federal Office for Public Health (BAG) categorically refused to support experiments feeding animals solely on microwaved food to study the effects on health on the following grounds:
"As far as we know today they are not necessary and must be rejected for reasons of animal protection (so-called ´unnecessary´ animal experiments)."
1989 the Swiss biologist Dr. H. U. Hertel proposed to the University of Lausanne to conduct extensive research on the effects of microwaved food on human organisms. Together with Prof. Bernard Blanc he developed a program which was submitted to the Swiss National Fund. The over all costs for the research program were estimated to be approx. 150 000 Swiss francs. However, the National Fund was not prepared to support the study, arguing that there was no need for research in this particular field of science. The two scientists were not prepared to give in so easily and decided to scale down their experiment and bear the costs themselves. Their study on the effects of microwaved food on human beings in comparison to conventionally prepared food proved that food which had been cooked in a microwave oven caused significant changes in the blood immediately after incorporation by the test persons [4, 5]. The authors noted that these changes, some of which could be called highly significant, indicated the beginning of a pathological process, e.g. the beginning of cancer.
Examples of microwave application in the food industry:
Thawing: meat, fish, butter, fruit, berries
Cooking: bacon, potatoes, pies, fish, meat, poultry
Drying: pasta, onions, rice cakes, seaweed (kelp)
Vacuum-drying: citric juices, grain, seeds
The consumer is led to believe in the safety of these devices, which is based on threshold values and standards laid down by so-called experts. The research findings presented to support their issue do not withstand closer scrutiny and prove, more often than not, to be nothing but eyewash. Firstly these experts are, for the most part, not independent researchers and therefore their decisions are biased by pressure on the part of industry, and secondly in modern science it no longer seems common place to be committed to searching for the truth.
In Germany, for example, the safety standards are laid down by the VDE Committee which is made up of 18 members, 15 are representatives of industry! It is therefore possible that the health of the populace could be sacrificed to economic interests in a flippant and irresponsible manner. It is no easy task to prevail against a lobby, which deceives consumers by claiming that there was no real evidence that microwave ovens are a health hazard, when there were more than enough studies proving the exact opposite, and even stoop so low as to forge expert´s opinions in their favor as well as indulging other forms of fraud.
REVERSAL OF THE CAUSATION PRINCIPLE
Cases such as these are increasingly becoming the focus of public attention. Scientists as well as the persons affected are coming to the conclusion that:
"These and other problems could be solved by reversal of the causation principle. The affected persons would no longer have to fight against the industry with their hand picked lawyers and experts. The responsible party would have to prove that their products or methods are indeed harmless and can, if necessary, be held liable for damages. Entrepreneurs and experts should at least be prosecuted for deliberate deception and violating their duty of care. Negligent and deliberate damage to people should be treated as a criminal offense."
YOU DON´T BITE THE HAND THAT FEEDS YOU
"The measurable effects on man through ingestion of microwaved food, unlike untreated food, are blood alterations, that can also be found at the beginning of a pathological condition, as also indicative of a beginning cancerous process."
(Excerpt from a letter Prof. Dr. Bernard Blanc sent to Dr Hans U. Hertel.)
On 28 January 1992, during a TV interview in Kassensturz and in front of the press, Prof. Blanc [former member of the University Institute for Biochemistry, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Lausanne] formally disassociated himself from his earlier interpretation of the results of the research he had done together with Dr. Hertel. Although, in February of 1992 he had admitted in an interview with the Basler Zeitung: "This doesn´t mean that no further research should be conducted because the changes in the blood do indicate that irradiated food causes a reaction in the body." However, in a private letter to Dr. Hans U. Hertel, the co-author, he admitted that he feared consequences and that the safety of his family was more important to him than anything else. Do we call that freedom of science and research?
TRUTH CAUSES A STIR
Seldom has a report caused such a stir as did the Swiss study on the hazards of microwaved food. Journalists, microwave opponents, trade, and industry started a battle which is still in full swing today. The Swiss Association for Electroapparatuses for Households and Industry (FEA) filed a complaint against Dr. Hertel for violating the Law Against Unfair Competition. The court upheld the complaint and sentenced Dr. Hertel. Prof. Michael Teuber, head of the Department of Food Micro biology at the ETH Zurich, who was called as an expert witness by the industry stated that he hadn´t even seen Hertel´s study, however, he was of the opinion that it was not scientific and would not withstand closer scrutiny. In his comment of 29 February 1992 on the safety of micro wave ovens he wrote: "The publication can, according to the present state of knowledge and considering all known effects of microwaves, at best be described as irresponsible and tendentious panic-making for no verifiable reason."
He told the court of a thesis his institute was preparing for which he as consultant was responsible. This thesis would prove beyond doubt the harmlessness of microwave irradiation, as first results had already shown, he assured the court. The thesis was presented almost unnoticed in 1994. It describes tests on the thermic effects of microwaves on bacteria, focusing especially on possible DNA structural changes and enzyme activity [ 12]. It is not surprising that this study has quietly disappeared from the scene. Prof. Teuber obviously missed the point in court.
Tele 5 and RTL plus (German television) interviewed Dr. Hertel live. The magazine Journal Franz Weber first published a condensed version of his studies which were followed by various other publications. However, an interview Thomas Ohrner of Tele 5 did with Dr. Hertel on 3 January 1992 met with the greatest response. At the end of the show Thomas Ohrner advised viewers to take their microwave ovens and put them in the cellar.
Traders bore the brunt of the reactions: Customers flocked back to the shops to return the microwave ovens they had received as Christmas gifts. The traders in turn stirred up the rebellious feelings of the producers, who then complained to Tele 5 and requested a further - this time objectively conducted - talk show. The following experts were invited to take part in the second round: Prof. Dr. Horst Pichert, head of the Institute for Household and Nutrition, University of Weihenstephan, Dr. Matthes, Institute for Radiation Hygiene, subdivision of the Federal Office for Radiation Protection, Neuherberg, and Mr. Hess, Bosch Company, Department for Development of Microwave Ovens, all from Germany. However, Prof. Pichert did not appear in the show, claiming health problems. The discussion, which was unfortunately not objectively moderated, ended - as most talk shows do with a lot of unanswered questions and no solutions. The viewers were left bewildered which could, however, be the first step to searching for the truth.
MICROWAVED FOOD CAUSES CANCER
One single meal heated in a microwave oven does not kill us, but after a prolonged intake such micro waved food will cause so many blockages in the body that it will start to rebel. One day the world will wake up to the fact that microwaves do cause cancer, and are even worse than cigarettes. Microwaved food causes a slow death. In the beginning, superficially, we save a little time in heating up our morning coffee in the microwave oven - but the time we `save´ we are cutting off our own lives. There is no cure in the world to prevent or heal it as long as the cause remains in our homes, and we continue to use these devices.
[1] BRODEUR, P. (1987): MIKROWELLEN - DIE VERHEIMLICHTE GEFAHR. - PFRIEMER, WIESBADEN, BERLIN.
[2] BAG-BULLETIN (1992): GESUNDHEITLICHE RISIKEN DURCH MIKROWELLENKOCHGER.ATE IM HAUSHALT? - I O: 138-47.
[3] SCHRUMPF, E. / CHARLEY, H. (1975): TEXTURE OF BROCCOLI AND CARROTS COOKED BY MICROWAVE ENERGY. - J. FOOD SCIENCE, 4O: 1 025-29.
[4] BLANC, B. H. / HERTEL, H. U. ( 1992): COMPARATIVE STUDY ABOUT THE INFLUENCE ON MAN BY FOOD PREPARED CONVENTIONALLY AND IN THE MICROWAVE-OVEN.
[5] BLANC, B. H. / HERTEL, H. U. (1992): H.ANDE WEG VOM MIKROWELLENHERD! - RAUM & ZEIT SPECIAL NR. 6, EHLERS, SAUERLACH.
[6] LOTZ, K.-E. (1990): SIND MIKROWELLENHERDE GEFAHRENHERDE? - ULMER, TUNINGEN.
[7] EHRET, W. (1990): GEFAHR DURCH MIKROWELLENHERD? SELECTA 26/27: ~1285.
[8] DEALLER, S. F. / LACEY, R. W. (1990): SUPERFICIAL MICROWAVE HEATING. NATURE 344: 496.
[9] CZERSKI, P. ET AL. ( 1 974): INFLUENCE OF MICROWAVE RADIATION ON THE HAEMATOPOETIC SYSTEM. IN: BIOLOGIC EFFECTS AND HEALTH HAZARDS OF MICRO WAVE RADIATION. - POLISH MEDICAL PUBLISHERS, WARSCHAU.
[10] QUAN, R. ET AL. (1992): EFFECTS OF MICROWAVE RADIATION ON ANTI-INFECTIVE FACTORS IN HUMAN MILK. - PEDIATRICS. 89 (4): 667-69.
[11] LUBEC, G. ET AL. (1989): AMINOACID ISOMERISATION AND MICROWAVE EXPOSURE. - THE LANCET, 9: 1392-93.
[12] GUILLAUME-GENTIL. O. (1994): QUANTITATIVE BESTIMMUNG DER THERMISCHEN EINWIRKUNG VON MIKROWELLEN (2,450 GHz) AUF SENSITIVE MIKROBIOLOGISCHE SVSTEME: LEBENSFAHICKEIT, MUTAGENESE, DNA-REPARATUR, ENZYMAKTIVITATEN UND PLASMIDTRANSFORMATION. - DISSERTATION, ETH, ZURICH.
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LA ACM SIGGRAPH
Computer Graphics & Interactive Techniques
"Battlestar Galactica – Then and Now"
A panel discussion on the Special and Visual Effects of Battlestar Galactica. Moderators: Gene Kozicki & Dan Curry.
Barnsdall Art Park: Gallery Theatre
4800 Hollywood Blvd Hollywood, CA.
Ledbetter
Comp Artist
BGSVFX
Dykstra
VFX Supervison
Toucher
CG Artist
CG Modeler
BSGVFX
In 1978, the original "Battlestar Galactica" premiered and introduced new technologies and techniques to the world of television visual effects. In 2005, a new envisioning of the series was created and, once again, the visual effects were pioneering. The decades between the two series saw revolutionary changes in the art and technology of visual effects. But sometimes, the more things change, the more they stay the same.
Join us as we look deeper into the visual effects work of both of these landmark series. Panelists will include multi award-winning industry luminaries John Dykstra, Richard Edlund, and Peter Anderson from the original series; with Pierre Drolet, Derek Ledbetter and Kyle Toucher from the new series. Highlights will include clips, photos, and even some home movies!
6:30 - 7:00 PM Social Hour & Hors d'oeuvres, Members only! (Social Hour will be outside...dress WARM)
7:00 - 7:30PM Social Hour & Hors d'oeuvres, all admitted. IMPORTANT NOTE: Food and Water will be provided at no charge. Barnsdall will run a Cash Bar, with Beer, Wine and Soft Drinks.
7:15 - 7:30 PM Bonus Pre-Show Feature...(In Theater)... During the Social Hour there will be a mini-presentation by one of the pioneering designer/directors in the earliest days of CGI: Kenny Mirman.
7:30 - 10:00 PM Battlestar Galactica Presentations.
All LA ACM SIGGRAPH Members will be admitted free of charge. Non-members will admitted for $20.00. New LA ACM SIGGRAPH members who sign up on-site, and pay the $40 annual membership fee (checks or cash only), do not have to pay the $20 admission fee.
All Visual Effects Society Members will be admitted free of charge.
Peter Anderson, Pierre Drolet, John Dykstra, Richard Edlund, Derek Ledbetter, and Kyle Toucher (presenters), and American Computers and Engineers (sponsor). Diana Lee and Gene Kozicki. All the members of the LA ACM SIGGRAPH Executive Council, and all our Volunteers.
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U.W. Lecture: Climate Change in the American Mind – Oct 30
Margaret October 25, 2018 Uncategorized
Anthony Leiserowitz
BUNK: The Information Series
Director, Yale Program on Climate Change Communication
October 30, 2018 | 7:30 p.m.
Kane Hall, room 120
Climate Change in the American Mind
Climate change is one of the most daunting challenges of our time. Americans have diverse and sometime opposing views about global warming, fundamentally shaping the political climate of climate change. Dr. Leiserowitz will report on recent trends in Americans' climate change knowledge, attitudes, policy support, and behavior and discuss strategies to build public and political will for climate action.
About Anthony Leiserowitz
Anthony Leiserowitz, Ph.D. is Director of the Yale Program on Climate Change Communication and a Research Scientist at the School of Forestry & Environmental Studies at Yale University. He is an expert on public opinion and engagement with the issues of climate change and the environment. His research investigates the psychological, cultural, and political factors that influence environmental beliefs, attitudes, policy support, and behavior. He conducts research at the global, national, and local scales, including many surveys of the American public. He also conducted the first study of worldwide public values, attitudes, and behaviors regarding sustainability, including environmental protection, economic prosperity, and human development. He has served as a consultant to the John F. Kennedy School of Government (Harvard University), the United Nations Development Program, the Gallup World Poll, and the World Economic Forum. He is a recipient of the Friend of the Planet Award from the National Center for Science Education and a Mitofsky Innovator Award from the American Association of Public Opinion Research. He is also the host of Climate Connections, a daily national public radio program and podcast. Twitter: @ecotone2, @YaleClimateComm, @CC_Yale.
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All 2019 Cannabis Bills 🔒
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Legal cannabis reduces illegal growing in national forests, study finds (Newsletter: July 16, 2019)
Tom Angell
Former GOP rep says Trump will help legalize by 2020; BVI considers legal marijuana bill; SXSW wants cannabis panel ideas
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/ TOP THINGS TO KNOW
A study found that legalizing marijuana reduces illegal cultivation on public lands.
"Outright, national recreational cannabis legalization would be one means by which illegal growing on national forests could be made to disappear."
Former Rep. Dana Rohrabacher (R-CA) spoke to Marijuana Moment in a recent interview about why he believes President Trump will help achieve broad cannabis reform in 2020. He also addressed former House Speaker John Boehner's (R-OH) industry involvement, decriminalizing psychedelics and the role marijuana played in his failed reelection effort last year.
Officials in the British Virgin Islands are reviewing draft marijuna legalization legislation.
SXSW is asking people to suggest marijuana-focused panel ideas for the Cannabusiness Track at next year's festival. The deadline for submissions is this Friday.
/ FEDERAL
Sen. Cory Booker (D-NJ), a presidential candidate, and Rep. Karen Bass (D-CA) introduced legislation allowing certain federal prisoners to petition courts to take a "second look" at their cases. Booker tweeted, "There are hundreds of thousands of people behind bars–most of them people of color–who were sentenced under draconian laws during the height of the War on Drugs that we have since recognized were unfair. But many of the changes we've made to these laws have not been retroactive."
Former Colorado Gov. John Hickenlooper (D), a presidential candidate, spoke about his support for letting states set their own marijuana laws during an Iowa campaign appearance.
Sen. Elizabeth Warren (D-MA), a presidential candidate, made a joke about marijuana legalization.
Presidential candidate Andrew Yang signed a bong.
Sen. Ron Wyden (D-OR) said he is "going to bring the Food and Drug Administration kicking and screaming and hollering in to getting [hemp-derived CBD] issues resolved."
Sen. Cory Gardner (R-CO) spoke with local law enforcement officials about marijuana issues.
Rep. David Cicilline (D-RI) said he supports legalizing marijuana.
Rep. Barbara Lee (D-CA) tweeted, "People of color are disproportionately targeted in marijuana-related offenses. We should all follow Illinois' lead to expunge these discriminatory and unnecessary offenses."
/ STATES
Wisconsin Gov. Tony Evers (D) tweeted, "I'm all about connecting the dots. It's time to connect the dots between racial disparities and economic inequity by legalizing possession of small amounts of marijuana."
North Dakota Gov. Doug Burgum (R) discussed medical cannabis on his podcast.
An Oklahoma representative is pushing for an interim study on the safety of medical cannabis.
A New Mexico senator said it's been difficult to get marijuana incarceration data from state officials.
Ohio regulators published updated medical cannabis patient and caregiver numbers.
Hawaii medical cannabis patients can apply for two-year registration renewals starting on Thursday.
Marijuana Moment is already tracking more than 1,000 cannabis bills in state legislatures and Congress this year. Patreon supporters pledging at least $25/month get access to our interactive maps, charts and hearing calendar so they don't miss any developments.
Learn more about our marijuana bill tracker and become a supporter on Patreon to get access.
/ LOCAL
Columbus, Ohio City Council members unveiled the text of a marijuana decriminalization proposal they intend to vote on soon.
Los Angeles, California officials released a report on the health implications of marijuana regulatory options for local jurisdictions.
Denver, Colorado officials announced that the city is hosting a marijuana management symposium in October.
/ INTERNATIONAL
A spokesman for Philippine President Rodrigo Duterte said he is "seriously considering" severing ties with Iceland over its United Nations resolution criticizing human rights violations in the nation's bloody "war on drugs."
CNBC looks at growing momentum for medical cannabis in Asia.
/ ADVOCACY
The National Association of State Departments of Agriculture urged the Food and Drug Administration "to expeditiously create a clear regulatory framework for hemp products."
A representative of the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials testified in a congressional hearing that "marijuana legalization and opioid addiction may lead to more people driving while impaired."
/ SCIENCE & HEALTH
A study found that "a 12-week course of nabiximols, a combination of tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol, resulted in significantly fewer days of illicit cannabis use compared with placebo, and was well tolerated by participants."
A study found that "the number of foster care entries attributable to parental drug use increased substantially from 2000 to 2017 (from 39,130 to 96,672 removals, an increase of 57,542 removals [147.05%]), even when entries for other removal reasons mostly declined."
/ OPINION & ANALYSIS
The Wisconsin State Journal editorial board is calling on lawmakers to legalize medical cannabis.
The Bismarck Tribune editorial board said it wouldn't be wise to legalize marijuana in North Dakota.
The Columbus Dispatch editorial board said it supports the City Council's cautious consideration of decriminalizing marijuana.
CBD company Heavenly Rx now owns a quarter of Jones Soda.
/ CULTURE
Former basketball player Paul Pierce is facing a lien from someone who loaned money for his CBD business.
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Marijuana Moment is made possible with support from readers. If you rely on our cannabis advocacy journalism to stay informed, please consider a monthly Patreon pledge.
Senate cannabis banking hearing scheduled for next week (Newsletter: July 17, 2019)
FDA is expediting CBD regulation process (Newsletter: July 15, 2019)
Tom Angell is the editor of Marijuana Moment. A 20-year veteran in the cannabis law reform movement, he covers the policy and politics of marijuana. Separately, he founded the nonprofit Marijuana Majority. Previously he reported for Marijuana.com and MassRoots, and handled media relations and campaigns for Law Enforcement Against Prohibition and Students for Sensible Drug Policy. (Organization citations are for identification only and do not constitute an endorsement or partnership.)
Feds issue trademark for 'psilocybin' (Newsletter: January 21, 2020)
USVI gov pushes legal marijuana in annual speech; Idaho senator files drug decrim bill; White House official voices cannabis concerns
U.S. Virgin Islands Gov. Albert Bryan Jr. (D) pushed lawmakers to legalize marijuana in his State of the Territory speech, saying that the move will help fund a struggling government employees retirement fund.
The U.S. Patent and Trademark Office awarded a company a trademark for the word "psilocybin," and some decriminalization advocates are not happy about it.
An Idaho senator filed a bill to decriminalize possession of currently illegal drugs.
Office of National Drug Control Policy Director James Carroll discussed his opposition to safe consumption sites for illegal drugs and spoke about the potential harms of marijuana.
A Drug Enforcement Administration official said the agency won't "turn our head away from" marijuana just because it is legalized under state law.
Democratic presidential candidate Andrew Yang said that the last time he smoked marijuana was "a past life." (Around 1:27:55 into the linked video.)
Sen. Amy Klobuchar (D-MN), a presidential candidate, said you'd "have to go back to college days" when asked about the last time she smoked marijuana. (Around 3:55:15 into the linked video.)
Sen. Bernie Sanders (I-VT), a presidential candidate, tweeted, "Marijuana must be legalized. All our people imprisoned because of it must be returned home to their families and their records expunged."
Sen. Ed Markey (D-MA) tweeted, "We owe a national apology to the Black men and women who were targeted, harassed, and incarcerated in the failed war on drugs." He also tweeted, "It is up to us to honor Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. with action — to march for environmental justice, to demand equal pay for our Black brothers and sisters, and to fight for justice for those incarcerated in the failed war on drugs."
California Democratic congressional candidate Ben Emard tweeted, "To bring the US into the 21st century, we must federally legalize the sale and use of cannabis. To right the wrongs of the past, we must expunge criminal records, release those currently incarcerated, and create equity programs to repay impacted communities."
Missouri Gov. Mike Parson (R) said he thinks the state will consider legalizing marijuana at some point but that he's focused on implementing medical cannabis right now.
New York's lieutenant governor said that legalizing marijuana is an opportunity to help raise revenues in the budget but also to correct the injustices of the criminal justice system. Meanwhile, the chairman of the Senate Alcoholism and Substance Abuse Committee is now on board with legalizing cannabis.
Twenty-seven West Virginia delegates are calling on the state Department of Commerce to study the economic impact of legalizing marijuana.
The Rhode Island House Judiciary Committee will hold a hearing on legislation to change medical cannabis regulations on Tuesday.
Michigan regulators removed a series of public service announcements videos that advocates had criticized as perpetuating anti-marijuana stereotypes.
Oregon regulators approved marijuana violation stipulated settlement agreements and adopted rules changes.
Arizona regulators reported that 41% of hemp plants tested have excessive THC levels.
California regulators are hosting a series of cannabis permitting workshops this month and next month.
Arkansas regulators rejected the sale of two medical cannabis licenses.
A candidate for leadership of the UK Labour Party said there needs to be a "national discussion about the war on drugs."
Italian regulators set THC limits for hemp foods.
A review concluded that "there is currently encouraging, albeit embryonic, evidence for medicinal cannabis in the treatment of a range of psychiatric disorders."
A study found that "cannabinoids can promote progression of [human papilloma virus] positive [neck squamous cell carcinoma] through p38 MAPK pathway activation."
FSD Pharma Inc. is scheduled to ring the Nasdaq Stock Market opening bell on Wednesday.
Surterra Wellness stopped making most medical cannabis deliveries.
Wellcana Group plans to significantly expand its Louisiana medical cannabis operation.
Actress Gwyneth Paltrow spoke about an "emotional" experience she had on MDMA.
A UFC vice president spoke with former boxer Mike Tyson about efforts to remove marijuana from state athletic commissions' lists of banned substances.
Photo courtesy of Chris Wallis // Side Pocket Images.
Legal cannabis could be on Missouri 2020 ballot (Newsletter: January 20, 2020)
Gabbard backs legalizing drugs; Biden reiterates legal marijuana opposition; Record expungement movement grows
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Rep. Tulsi Gabbard (D-HI), a presidential candidate, is calling for the U.S. to legalize currently illicit drugs.
"If we take that step to legalize and regulate, then we're no longer treating people who are struggling with substance addiction and abuse as criminals and instead getting them the help that they need."
Former Vice President Joe Biden (D), a presidential candidate, reiterated his opposition to legalizing marijuana in an interview with the New York Times editorial board.
"What I'm arguing is there have been studies showing that it complicates other problems if you already have a problem with certain drugs."
Missouri activists are taking steps to place a marijuana legalization measure on the state's November ballot.
A new report on National Expungement Week shows that efforts to help people clear past marijuana records are rapidly growing.
First daughter Ivanka Trump and her husband Jared Kushner reportedly attended a fundraising dinner with marijuana industry professionals in October 2018,
The Food and Drug Administration approved an expanded access protocol allowing a small number of patients to treat PTSD with MDMA-assisted psychotherapy.
The U.S. Department of Agriculture is being asked to let states continue structuring their hemp programs under the more limited provisions of the earlier 2014 Farm Bill through 2020.
The Supreme Court declined to take up a case concerning a tax fine against a marijuana business.
Sen. Elizabeth Warren (D-MA), a presidential candidate, sent a letter welcoming members of the National Cannabis Industry Association to a conference in Boston.
Sen. Bernie Sanders (I-VT), a presidential candidate, tweeted, "The criminalization of marijuana has been a disaster. We need to legalize it. We need to expunge past convictions.And we need to invest in communities destroyed by the war on drugs."
Sen. Ted Cruz (R-TX) tweeted about the 100-year anniversary of alcohol prohibition, saying, "Let's raise a glass and toast one of the least successful government regulatory schemes ever enacted. Turns out, Liberty works; statism, not so much."
Rep,. Dwight Evans (D-PA) tweeted about smokable hemp, saying, "Seems like it would be easier just to legalize marijuana for adult use already."
Here's a look at where members of the Illinois congressional delegation stand on marijuana.
The House bill to deschedule marijuana and fund expungement efforts got one new cosponsor for a total of 40.
The House resolution calling for marijuana legalization and decriminalizing addiction got 12 new cosponsors for a total of 15.
Alabama Republican congressional candidates said they oppose marijuana legalization but support medical cannabis.
New Mexico Gov. Michelle Lujan Grisham (D) is stepping up her push to legalize marijuana within the next month, though some leading Republican lawmakers are expressing concerns.
North Dakota Gov. Doug Burgum (R) pardoned 16 people for low-level marijuana offenses.
California's attorney general tweeted, "Illegal cannabis grows on California lands are damaging wildlife habitats, poisoning our water, and hurting our communities." Separately, lawmakers filed legislation to simplify and reduce marijuana taxes.
Rhode Island's House speaker said "this is not the year" for legalizing marijuana.
Kansas's House majority leader acknowledged broad public support for medical cannabis.
A Missouri judge issued a temporary restraining order blocking regulators from acting on a medical cannabis dispensary license application.
Arizona activists have so far collected more than 150,000 signatures in support of a proposed marijuana legalization ballot measure, and so far there's no well-organized opposition.
Oregon regulators issued a recall of marijuana products that failed pesticide testing. Separately, a report found that marijuana sales in the state "along the Idaho border are 420% the statewide average."
Michigan regulators issued a health and safety bulletin about the recall of marijuana products that failed safety compliance testing. Officials are also under fire for new public service ads that perpetuate anti-cannabis stereotypes.
The Las Cruces, New Mexico mayor is urging state lawmakers not to legalize marijuana.
Thailand's first medical cannabis clinic has seen thousands of patients in its first 10 days of operation.
Veterans Affairs Canada is considering is considering adding disposable cannabis vaping pens to a reimbursement program.
A review concluded that "cannabinoids demonstrate some efficacy in the treatment of pain and chemotherapy-related nausea; limited data suggest potential benefits in the treatment of spasticity and anxiety" and that "risks of cannabinoids in older patients appear to be moderate, and their frequency comparable to other analgesic drug classes."
A study found that "chronic, heavy, recreational cannabis use was associated with worse driving performance in non-intoxicated drivers, and earlier onset of use was associated with greater impairment."
/ ADVOCACY, OPINION & ANALYSIS
The Virginia Sheriffs' Association is speaking out against legalizing marijuana.
A report from New Mexico Ethics Watch examines marijuana industry campaign contributions in the state.
Fyllo acquired CannaRegs.
Canopy Growth Corporation is delaying the launch of its cannabis-infused beverages.
Union workers at Vireo Health New York ratified a new three-year contract.
Canopy Growth, Aurora Cannabis and Hexo Corp. are all facing potential class-action lawsuits.
The National Football League and NFL Players Association are close to an agreement on "significant modifications to the drug and disciplinary policies," with sources saying that a less punitive marijuana policy is likely to be enacted.
China will import more U.S. hemp under Trump trade deal (Newsletter: January 17, 2020)
RI gov wants state-run marijuana stores; Congressman backs psilocybin ballot measure; NFL panel says CBD is "hype"; NM legal cannabis bill filed
By starting a $10 per month pledge on Patreon—or about 45 cents per issue of this newsletter—you can help us rely less on ads to cover our expenses, hire more journalists and bring you even more marijuana news.
Rhode Island Gov. Gina Raimondo (D) submitted a 2021 budget proposal to lawmakers that includes a plan to legalize marijuana and sell it through state-run stores.
China has agreed to import more hemp from the U.S. over the next two years under the trade deal President Trump this week. Historically, the U.S. has purchased a lot of the nonintoxicating cannabis crop from China.
Rep. Earl Blumenauer (D-OR), who has been a leading cannabis reform champion on Capitol Hill, told Marijuana Moment in an interview that he supports a 2020 ballot measure to legalize psychedelic mushrooms for therapeutic use in his home state of Oregon.
One day after New Mexico Gov. Michelle Lujan Grisham (D) put marijuana legalization on the legislature's 2020 agenda, lawmakers filed a new bill to make it happen. With a short 30-day session starting next week, votes will likely happen soon.
An expert committee created by the National Football League and NFL Players Association published a report saying that CBD is mostly "hype" instead of a proven treatment for the pain experienced by football players, and also taking the stance that medical cannabis itself is "a substance to approach with extreme caution."
The U.S. Department of Agriculture filed a Federal Register notice about a new data collection system it is creating to keep track of hemp production license applications.
The Government Accountability Office found that the quality of information in Treasury Department reporting about individuals and entities sanctioned for involvement in narcotics trafficking could be improved.
The Drug Enforcement Administration published a guide aimed at helping to reduce drug misuse by college students.
The Federal Bureau of Investigation tweeted, "Raise a glass—today is the 100th anniversary of Prohibition, which led to the #FBI's pursuit of the American gangster. During the Roaring Twenties, mobsters spent their profits from bootlegging & speakeasies on 'Tommy' guns & bribes."
Rep. John Sarbanes (D-MD) tweeted, "At a House Subcommittee on Health hearing, I voiced support for medical cannabis research and highlighted the obstacles that current federal regulations pose to universities and research institutions hoping to study the health benefits of cannabis."
Rep. Jan Schakowsky (D-IL) tweeted, "We must decriminalize cannabis & expunge the records of those unfairly harmed by outdated and racist cannabis policies. We must also ensure adequate scientific research around the potential effects and benefits of cannabis use."
Rep. Barbara Lee (D-CA) tweeted, "As the first woman and African American co-chair of the Congressional Cannabis Caucus, I'm fighting with everything I've got to update our nation's outdated and discriminatory marijuana laws."
Rep. Tony Cárdenas (D-CA) tweeted, "Nearly 75% of all people arrested for cannabis related offenses are under the age of 30. 1/4 of those are 18 or younger. That's almost a quarter of a million teenagers arrested for these types of offenses each year."
Rep. Ann Kirkpatrick (R-AZ) is seeking treatment for alcohol dependence.
The House bill to deschedule marijuana and fund programs to repair the harms of the drug war got one new cosponsor for a total of 68.
The House bill to require the Department of Veterans Affairs to study medical cannabis got one new cosponsor for a total of 102.
The House bill to legalize medical cannabis for military veterans got one new cosponsor for a total of five.
The House bill to remove barriers to marijuana research got one new cosponsor for a total of 17.
California Democratic congressional candidate Emanuel Gonzales tweeted, "Legalize marijuana across the USA, expunge previous offenses, use tax revenue to fund infrastructure projects and apprentice programs, put marijuana dispensaries in @DeptVetAffairs hospitals and clinics."
New Jersey Democratic congressional candidate Hector Oseguera tweeted, "Many lives have been ruined by the failed #WarOnDrugs & I sincerely look forward to destroying that unjust & racist policy."
New Jersey Gov. Phil Murphy (D) tweeted a video about a man who benefits from medical cannabis, saying, "We've made incredible strides expanding access to medical marijuana to help patients like Darren live fuller, healthier lives. We will continue to expand access to medicine and compassionate care."
Utah's Senate majority leader is supporting forthcoming legislation to remove special medical cannabis packaging requirements and allow patients to have prior marijuana convictions expunged.
An Ohio legislative committee approved hemp rules. Meanwhile, the state's medical cannabis program has 78,000 registered patients one year into legal sales.
New Mexico regulators held a public hearing on proposed medical cannabis rules changes.
California's Osteopathic Medical Board discussed guidelines for recommending medical cannabis.
Illinois regulators approved another group of medical cannabis dispensaries to sell recreational marijuana.
Nevada regulators released an annual tax report that includes information on marijuana revenue.
Pennsylvania regulators are conducting a survey of medical cannabis patients and caregivers.
Oklahoma lawmakers have filed several bills to enact medical cannabis restrictions.
The Massachusetts legislature's Joint Committee on Cannabis Policy will hold a hearing on January 28.
Kansas City, Missouri's mayor spoke about his move to pardon thousands of misdemeanor marijuana convictions before the Missouri Black Legislative Caucus.
Canada's health minister said it is premature to consider decriminalizing drugs.
Malta's parliamentary secretary predicted that marijuana will be legalized within two years.
The UK's justice secretary said the government will not legalize marijuana anytime soon.
A study of cannabis laws in the Netherlands found that zero tolerance policies are "related to a reduction in jobs and a growth in crime related to hard drugs."
A study suggested that "psilocybin-assisted psychotherapy holds promise in promoting long-term relief from cancer-related psychiatric distress."
The National Cannabis Industry Association, Cannabis Trade Federation and dozens of other industry groups sent a letter responding to Senate Banking Committee Chairman Mike Crapo's (R-ID) concerns about marijuana banking legislation.
A top staffer for prohibitionist group Smart Approaches to Marijuana stepped down to work for the presidential campaign of former New York City Mayor Michael Bloomberg (D).
Students for Sensible Drug Policy is partnering with Fight for the Future on a campaign to ban facial recognition technologies from college campuses.
Several Mississippi doctors issued a response to the state Board of Health's opposition to a medical cannabis ballot measure.
As Eaze plans to soon announce a pivot to launching its own marijuana products, the company has reportedly undergone unannounced layoffs and scrambled to raise a round of funding to address low cash reserves.
High Times plans to open marijuana dispensaries in Los Angeles and Las Vegas.
Arcview Market Research and BDS Analytics published a report finding that global cannabis sales rose 48% to $15 billion in 2019.
Wikileaf Technologies Inc. has a new CEO.
Actor Brian Cox was dumped as a patron of an elderly care center over his admission that he enjoys consuming marijuana.
Photo courtesy of Mike Latimer.
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Discussion in 'Fallout General Modding' started by TheOriginOfMind, Apr 15, 2019.
Recently I have started to try and get the Alien Blaster in every possible Fallout game, making Luck a more important attribute on the first two due to Special Encounters being necessary, I know how to get it on every game, even Resurrection, but I have no idea on how or where to find one on Fallout of Nevada... can anyone tell me how I can find one, or if the game even has it at all?
gustarballs1983 Look, Ma! Two Heads!
In the Hotel in Las Vegas ( the one run by Hal Wallace). In one of the rooms on second floor there is a table with some stuff lying on it. Use steal skill on it to get it. then you need to repair the blaster. In Fo: Nevada Alien blaster uses Alien Power Cells instead of the usual Small Energy cells.
I see, are Alien Power Cells rare ammo like in 3 or NV? Is there a reliable way to obtain them?
Alien cells are obtainable only in few places and perhaps through some random encounters in certain locations the "neon" gang should have some. I don't remember if they are sold in some shops, although they may be.
The only ammo I found was with the Blaster and in Area 51 (random encounter with Neon Gangster around LV also might have some).
Some traders have extra stock in their shops with high enough Barter, so you might check there.
I will try to check on the shops to see if there is anything of interest, thank you!
So, more Special Encounters? Guess I will go with High Luck this time around too, thank you a lot for the info!


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Beautiful Old Church built c. 1879 with a lot of that Old World Charm. Building features an area that was used as an apartment that moves into a large basic fellowship hall. There features a big kitchen area as well. The building seems structurally sound. Large sanctuary with pews and a 1899 Moeller pipe organ, Opus 266, Enameled Stained Glass Windows. Heat, air, and electrical update 2007.
Storefront with possible apartment above.
This building was Hagan Drugs and then Central Pharmacy. In the 1930s and 1940s, it was a Kroger grocery. Later, it became part of the Holsum Bakery complex which occupied several more buildings to the right, now demolished.
This building has a brand new internal structure and roof. Rock solid.
Bring your business plan and an offer.
Storefront and apartment. The adjoining lot to the left left with false facade is also available.
For many years, this building was home to the West Piano Company.
The adjoining lot (variously numbered 400½ and 402) was, for many years Pattisalls Confectionery.
Survey available Bring your business plan and an offer.
Two storefronts, two apartments or one over one. The adjoining lot at right with false facade is also available.
Variously numbered 402, 404, and 406 over the years, this building was most often home to a neighborhood grocer. Callahan Cleaners was located here in the 1980s.
In the early 1950s, 419 Jefferson Street was Fuzzy's Place. In the late 1950s, it was the Five Forks Soda Shop. They offered plate lunches, sandwiches, and fountain service.
On 1962, 419 was the Wagon Wheel Restaurant. At lunch, they offered a plate with meat and two vegetables plus a drink for 75 cents. By July 1963, the restaurant was completely air conditioned and offered a money-saving dinner every night from 5:30 until 7:00.


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Linc PTT is our new smartphone Push To Talk (PTT) app that lets iPhone and Android smartphone users communicate with each other and Southern Linc phones via PTT.
You can dial 411 from you phone and receive telephone numbers, driving directions, sports scores, local movie times, weather reports and much more. It is even available in Spanish.


text:
Lady Audley's Secret é um filme de drama mudo americano de 1915 dirigido por Marshall Farnum e estrelado por Theda Bara, Riley Hatch e Clifford Bruce. Foi uma adaptação do romance britânico de 1862 Lady Audley's Secret, de Mary Elizabeth Braddon. O filme teve menos sucesso do que os outros filmes de Bara do período, porque não a apresentava no papel de vampiro extremamente popular que ela havia estabelecido.

Elenco

 Theda Bara como Helen Talboys
 Riley Hatch como Luke Martin
 Clifford Bruce como George Talboys
 Stephen Grattan como papel indeterminado
 Warner Richmond como Sir Michael Audley

Status de preservação
O filme atualmente é considerado perdido.

Filmes dos Estados Unidos de 1915
Filmes mudos dos Estados Unidos
Filmes em preto e branco
Filmes de drama dos Estados Unidos
Filmes perdidos
Filmes em língua inglesa

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Ken Winston lives out of his car. He shaves in the car every morning and tries to keep clean, but he said it's difficult. During the summer, it's hot at night. When Winston can't shower, the heat and sweat make him itchy, he said.
"We have heat exhaustion from sleeping in the car all night," Winston said.
Winston has often worked in exchange for a place to live, but he can't do manual labor anymore because he has pain in his stomach, which he thinks stems from pancreatic problems. Winston needs rest from everything he's been through, he said. On top of this, he and his partner both have mental health problems.
"I've been dealing with depression and anxiety since I was a little boy," Winston said.
He said being homeless makes his mental health problems worse. He came to Eureka Springs in December because he asked God where to go, and Winston said he felt called to come here. About two months into living here, his car developed an oil leak. He can't drive anywhere without buying more oil to put in the car, he said. But he volunteers at A Cup of Love Ministry.
"That's how I keep myself sane," Winston said.
In Eureka Springs, Chuck and Pattie Jarrett, who founded and run A Cup of Love Ministry, said they think homelessness stems from a lack of jobs in the winter. People come to Eureka Springs for jobs, but they don't know the jobs are seasonal, and they get stuck, Chuck said.
"I wish they wouldn't advertise that there's jobs here," Chuck said.
Pattie said she didn't realize until she and Chuck started their ministry how many homeless people are in the area. Chuck said he estimates there are about 80 homeless people in Eureka Springs, and they feed about 400 to 700 people a week, going through about 4,000 pounds of food each week.
"We do feed a lot of homeless people, but you don't have to be homeless to come here," Chuck said.
The couple wishes city or county governments would offer more services, but they don't think the officials know that homelessness is an issue in the area, they said. There are no homelessness shelters in Carroll County.
"I think they are really just now realizing there's a problem," Chuck said.
In the 2016-17 school year, Eureka Springs reported having 27 homeless children in the district, while Berryville and Green Forest reported having even more homeless children in their districts at 89 and 48, respectively, according to the Arkansas State Department of Education.
For the 2017-18 school year, Eureka Springs had 15 homeless children in its district, Eureka Springs Superintendent Bryan Pruitt said. If families can't afford educational supplies or services, the school generally pays for them. In the district, 62 percent of the students have free or reduced lunches. Most of the Eureka Springs students who are homeless are living in a house with their family and another family. The federal government defines homelessness as sharing houses with multiple families, living in shelters, living in temporary housing like motels, hotels and camping grounds, and living in a location that is not typically used for sleeping, according to the National Center for Homeless Education.
For the 2017-18 school year, Berryville schools had 198 homeless children, making up 10 percent of the student population, Berryville Superintendent Owen Powell said.
"It puts a huge burden on a kid getting to their full potential," Powell said.
Powell said if students are homeless then they also are likely not getting all their meals or proper nutrition. These students are absent often. They also might have low self-esteem or anger problems. Powell said all these factors can lead to behavioral problems and set the students, who probably came into school further behind wealthier students, back.
About 72 percent of Berryville's students have free or reduced lunch, basically meaning that these students are living in poverty, Powell said. He said that roughly 80 percent of the district would likely qualify for free or reduced lunch, but it's difficult to get older kids signed up for the program, cutting down on the portion of students who are actually signed up for the lunches.
Green Forest Superintendent Matt Summers said the district purchases educational tools for students whose families can't afford it. It's hard for students to concentrate on school, Summers said, when they're concerned about food or their homes.
Green Forest has 82 percent of its students enrolled in the free or reduced lunch program, Summers said.
In nearby Washington and Benton counties, University of Arkansas professor Kevin Fitzpatrick conducted his own survey in 2017, showing there were 2,951 homeless people in those counties. According to the survey, 40 percent of the homeless in Washington and Benton counties suffer from substance abuse problems, while 63 percent report a mental health problem.
Homeless people often qualify for federal assistance because of their low or nonexistent incomes, but to qualify, they have to have addresses, and they often do not, Fitzpatrick said.
Eureka Springs Police Chief Thomas Achord sees the homelessness in Eureka Springs as similar to homelessness in Fayetteville. He said he thinks the homeless people in the two areas are more transient than homeless and instructs his officers to refer to them as transients in reports.
Green Forest Police Chief John Bailey agreed that homeless people in the area are more transient than homeless. In his experience, people are generally trying to get to their families.
"If it is people seeking jobs, they've come to the right place because Tyson's always hiring," Bailey said.
Berryville Mayor Tim McKinney said most of the homeless people in the city are generally in a temporary situation. Berryville Police Chief Robert Bartos thinks most of the homeless people in the city are just passing through, but he does interact with a handful of people who are chronically homeless, and he said a few of them seem to have mental health problems.
"Most of the homeless people I hear about are homeless because of some situation in their life that was out of their control," McKinney said.
In Eureka Springs, the city has an ordinance that doesn't allow people to sleep in public places. Green Forest and Berryville do not have such ordinances.
"And I have no idea why they're homeless because they have work," Eureka Springs Mayor Butch Berry said.
Eureka Springs certainly does not have enough affordable housing, Berry said. He lauded Echo Village, an effort to create affordable housing in the community, as part of the solution to the problem. Volunteers are still working on completing the village, which will eventually include about 26 homes, some of which will have a monthly rent between $400 and $500. Some of the homes will be transitional, while some of them will be more permanent.
Berry does not think the city of Eureka Springs is in a position to help homeless people.
"Eureka is a financially poor city," Berry said.
Green Forest Mayor Charlie Reece said that his city also has a housing problem.
"There is a housing crisis here," Reece said.
He's working with developers to try to build apartments and tiny houses in Green Forest in an effort to bring more affordable housing to the city, he said.
Reece said that although it's not obvious that people are homeless in Green Forest, he thinks it is a problem.
While there aren't any city initiatives to help homeless people, McKinney said he would be willing to work with a nonprofit to try to help.
"You know, I just don't see it to be enough of a problem for the city to do a major undertaking or project of any kind for right now, but we'd certainly be willing to assist somebody that was looking to provide help to those types of people," McKinney said.


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Complete credit card details of thousands of customers were exposed as the result of a breach at UK online contact lens retailer Vision Direct.
A malicious script on the site earlier this month meant that personal and financial information submitted to the site between "12.11am GMT 3rd November 2018 and 12.52pm GMT 8th November 2018" was compromised, a breach notice from Vision Direct put out on Sunday (November 18) explains.
"The personal information was compromised when it was being entered into the site and includes full name, billing address, email address, password, telephone number, and payment card information, including card number, expiry date, and CVV," it warns.
Data submitted prior to November 3 is thought to be safe because hackers only succeeded in planting a malicious script, rather than breaking into Vision Direct's database or the systems of its payment partners.
"All payment card data is stored with our payment providers and so stored payment card information was not affected by the breach," Vision Direct added.
Vision Direct told the BBC that it was hit by a variant of this so-called 'Shoplift' attack that slipped past its defences, despite a recent patching by its web platform provider.
The retailer estimates that 6,600 customers have had their financial data exposed, while a further 9,700 individuals had their personal data lifted.
Affected UK customers will likely by indemnified against potential direct losses by their credit card issuer, but that still leaves the fretful nuisance of requesting new credit cards and resetting passwords, to say nothing of the heightened risk of identity theft they face as a result of the incident.
Start-up bank Revolut proactively identified 80 customers potentially affected by the breach before issuing them with new cards.
A spokeswoman for UK data protection watchdogs at the Information Commissioner's Office said it wasn't handling the incident since Vision Direct is owned by a French company.
Vision Direct is yet to respond to queries on its response to the breach from The Daily Swig.


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