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Cairo Churches: Church of Saint Barbara
Church of Saint Barbara (Sitt Barbara)
By Jimmy Dunn
We are told that Saint Barbara was a beautiful young lady possibly of Asia Minor descent (though some stories say she lived in Heliopolis). She apparently lived during the early part of the 4th century (though again some references place her in the early part of the 3rd century). She was the daughter of a wealthy nobleman and merchant, Djoscorus, who was a pagan.
Tradition provides that Djoscorus built a magnificent tower to safeguard his daughter, perhaps from the growing influence of Christianity. However, during his frequent business trips abroad, she was converted to Christianity.
Legend has it that when her father discovered her conversion (possibly when Saint Barbara tried to convert him), in a fit of rage, he turned her over to Marcian, the Roman prefect who, under the watching eyes of her father, was to torture her until she denied Christ. She was stripped and struck with whips and clubs until she stood in a pool of her own blood, yet she would not deny Christ. Afterwards, she was thrown in to prison where, during the night, god completely healed her wounds and filled her with heavenly joy.
The next day, while Marcian was amazed to see her wounds had healed, he demanded that she denounce Christ, and when she refused. After additional torture, Marcian became frustrated with her, and ordered her to be taken out and killed. It was her father himself who led her from the city and with his own sword, decapitated her (along with her servant and friend, Juliana). On his way home, however, a god had him struck by a bolt of lightning, killing him instantly.
The Cairo church that is now dedicated to her in Old (Coptic) Cairo stands north of the Coptic Museum and to the east of the Church of Saints Sergius and Bacchus (Abu Serga), on the eastern side of Fort Babylon. Al-Maqrizi tells us that it was the most famous and beautiful church of his time in Cairo, but exactly when the Church of St. Barbara was built is speculative to some extent. Eutychiustells says that Athanasius, a secretary of Abdel-Aziz Ibn Marwan (the governor of Egypt between 685 and 705 AD), had the church built, but a door found during one of the church's restorations could date as early as the 4th Century. Originally, it was dedicated to Saint Cyrus (Abu Qir), but was probably reconstructed between 1072 and 1073 to house the relics of Saint Barbara. The chapel still contains her remains.
We know that the church burned during the Fustat fire of 750 but was restored during the 11th century, and was probably again ruined in a fire during the 12th century. The church as renovated extensively at the beginning of the 20th century, when the khurus, a transverse room preceding the sanctuary, was sacrificed in order to allow more space for the altar.
The church, which is not particularly impressive from the outside, having been designed to blend in with other local architecture, takes the basilican form. It measures 26 meters long by 14.5 meters wide and 15 meters in height. There are two rows of five columns each that separate the northern and southern isles from the nave. A finely carved, wooden architrave surmounts the columns to support the roof.
Detail from the ancient door
Within the nave stands a beautiful marble ambon (a pulpit) supported by ten columns. A "Mandatum Tank" also lies in the nave, which was filled with water and used for the Service of Feet washing on Maundy Thursday, and on the Feast of Saints Peter and Paul. However, more modern, portable basin is used for this purpose today. Only the main sanctuary features an apse. Two other sanctuaries to either side are rectangular rooms.
Left: The ancient door
The small area to the north of the sanctuary is fairly modern, dating from the beginning of the 20th century. Nearly square in shape, with three chapels, it was dedicated to the Saints Cyrus and John.
Nearby there is a convent which comprises several buildings, including a school built by the well known architect, Ramesses Wissa Wassef.
A number of important, as well as beautiful Christian artifacts were discovered within the Church of Saint Barbara, most of which are now on display in the nearby Coptic Museum. These include a remarkable sanctuary screen of sycamore and cedar woods from the Fatimid Period. It consists of 45 panels of various sizes carved in relief and depicting musical ceremonies, riders on galloping horses, gazelles and monks. Other items include an elaborate silver gospel casket decorated with floral designs that dates from early 15th century, and an icon of Saint Barbara that probably dates form the 16th century and is one of the oldest icons now in the Coptic museum. This icon may have been imported from Spain. Also, the door mentioned above, which dates from the 4th or 5th century and was discovered encased between two walls during restoration work. The door's magnificent decoration has made it one of the treasures of the Coptic Museum.
Title Author Date Publisher Reference Number
Cairo (The Coptic Museum Old Churches Gabra, Gawdat 1993 Egyptian International Publishing Company, The ISBN 977-16-0081-8
Holy Family in Egypt, The Unknown 1999 United Printing Publishing & Distributing Co. None Stated
Oxford Illustrated History of Christianity, The McManners, John 1992 Oxford University Press ISBN 0-19-285259-0
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Back to Churches in Egypt

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text: Q: How to use Spearman correlation for global sensitivity analysis? Could anyone provide a simple example on Spearman correlation for sensitivity analysis? like ranking the importance of variables in a function. Thanks in advance!

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A monologue from the play by Susan Glaspell
NOTE: This play was published in 1920 by Small, Maynard & Company, Boston. It is now in the public domain and may be performed without royalties.
ABBIE: Wednesday night, about eight o'clock, about an hour after she told me to telegraph you, she said, "Why, Abbie, I believe I'm going to die." I said no, but she said, "I think so." I said we'd send for Mr. Norris. She said no, and not to frighten her father. I -- I didn't think she was going to die. All the time I was trying to get the doctor. There were two hours when she was -- quiet. Quiet -- not like any quiet I ever knew. Thinking. You could see thinking in her eyes -- stronger than sickness. Then, after ten, she called me to her. She took my hands. She said, "Abbie, you've lived with me all my life." "Yes," I said. "You love me." "Oh, yes," I said. "Will you do something for me?" "You know I will," I told her. "Abbie," she said, looking right at me, all of her looking right at me, "if I die, I want you to tell my husband I killed myself." I thought it was her mind. But I looked at her, and oh, her mind was there! It was terrible -- how it was all there. She said -- and then she [The sobs she has been holding back almost keep ABBIE from saying this] -- held out her hands to me -- "Oh, Abbie, do this last thing for me! After all there has been, I have a right to do it. If my life is going -- let me have this much from it!" And as still I couldn't -- couldn't -- the tears ran down her face and she said, "I want to rest before pain comes again. Promise me so I can rest." And I promised. And you would have too!
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The Emmaus Open Day 2015 was heaps of fun. Exploring Senses provide a Robot Relays activity. It was a mixture of cardboard crafting vs lets go and meet the owls, oooh the owls, they are so beautiful!
Enjoy the pictures and films of the event, cardboard grass boarding was an added bonus at the end!


Debo, Angie. And Still the Waters Run: The Betrayal of the Five Civilized Tribes. New York: Gordian Press and Princeton: Princeton University Press Paperbacks, 1972.
Debo provides a revealing condemnation of the negligence of the United States in its supervision of southeastern Indians after they were moved to Oklahoma. Analysis begins with the 1890s and continues through 1940.
Foreman, Grant. Indian Removal: The Emigration of the Five Civilized Tribes of Indians. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1932. Other editions/reprints: 1953 and 1972.
Foreman was an attorney for the Dawes Commission (or General Allotment Act) established in 1893 to transfer tribal lands to individual Indians, and was recognized as one of the foremost historians of Native Americans before his death in 1953. The story of each tribe—Choctaw, Creek, Chickasaw, and Cherokee—is told separately, from their removal treaties to resettlement.
Foreman picks up the story again of southeastern tribes between 1834 and 1860. It provides a valuable history of the reorganization of each of the tribes in Indian Territory after removal.
Young, Mary E. Redskins, Ruffleshirts, and Rednecks: Indian Allotments in Alabama and Mississippi, 1830-1860. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1961.
The Indian allotment policy of the 1830s offered unique opportunities for speculation in sale of public land. The experiences of the Choctaws, Creeks, and Chickasaws are included in this comprehensive study of land fraud, displacement of Indians by the influx of thousands of white settlers, and the machinations of "opportunists" during the Jacksonian Era.
DeRosier, Arthur H. Jr. The Removal of the Choctaw Indians. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 1970.
The Choctaws, who had always befriended the Americans, were selected to be the first tribal population to be removed West under treaties approved by John C. Calhoun in 1820 and Andrew Jackson in 1830. This is the story of a powerful community, one of the largest Indian nations east of the Mississippi, who negotiated with European powers from earliest contact, and were finally removed through the terms of the Treaty of Dancing Rabbit Creek.
Lafferty, R. A. Okla Hannali. Garden City, NY: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1972.
This marvelous story of historical fiction, which has its basis in historical fact, captures the essence of the identity of the Choctaw people. Okla Hannali is the Choctaw word for the Six Towns, formerly in the southern district east of the Mississippi. A remarkable man of the Six Towns moved his family to Oklahoma when Choctaws began ceding their traditional homeland east of the Mississippi River in exchange for land in the west. Lafferty captures the essence of Choctaw life during this transitional period of their history.
The best (and at this time the only) general account of the Chickasaws. The ancient Chickasaw domain encompassed parts of four states—Kentucky, Tennessee, Mississippi, and Alabama. Gibson describes their origin and culture prior to the European arrival, their alliance with the British, conflict with Americans, removal, and esettlement.
Green is the foremost contemporary authority on Creek history. His detailed description of the origin of the Creek Confederacy, the reason it developed, political connections, and intrigue brings new understanding of the Creeks and their removal.
Wright, Jr. J. Leitch. Creeks & Seminoles: The Destruction and Regeneration of the Muscogulge People. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1986.
The names "Creek" and "Seminole" were attached to a people, the Muscogulge, for the convenience of European and American governments who wanted to deal with "Nations." They lived geographically close—in Georgia, Alabama, and Florida—but were not unified under one leader. Wright explains the background of the Muscogulges and describes their culture in language readily understood. He discusses trade, relations with European powers and the American government, the Creek wars with Andrew Jackson and his pursuit of the survivors into Florida, and removal, dispersal, and survival.
Robson, Lucia St. Clair. Light A Distant Fire. New York: Ballantine Books, 1989.
This historical fiction story of Seminole leader Osceola and his people engages the reader from beginning to end as the struggle for survival in the Florida Everglades unfolds.
Anderson, William L., ed. Cherokee Removal: Before and After. Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1991.
A collection of six interesting essays by the foremost contemporary writers of Native American history offers scholarly insight on critical issues. Editor William L. Anderson briefly summarizes the major points of Cherokee history in this volume, which commemorates the 150th anniversary of the Trail of Tears. He includes a critically selected bibliographical essay useful for further research. Other essays provide insight into the lives of the Cherokee before, during, and after removal.
Carter, Forrest. The Education of Little Tree. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1976. Historical fiction.
Advertised as a true story, Carter tells the story of a Cherokee orphan who is brought up by his grandparents during the 1930s. Reportedly, Forrest Carter is really Asa Carter, who wrote the infamous "Segregation Forever" speech for George Wallace, former governor of Alabama.
Robson, Lucia St. Clair. Walk in My Soul. New York: Ballantine Books, 1985. Historical fiction.
Tiana grew up learning the magic, spells, and nature religion of the Cherokee. And in a tribe that revered women, she became the "Beloved Woman." This is her story and the story of her people. It is also the story of Sam Houston, who lived with the Cherokees and later became the father of Texas. She was Indian and he was white. Their story is an emotional journey through the turbulent and tragic removal period.


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> Pocket & Wrist Watches>Comic Art Watches>Golden Age Science Fiction Comic Art DAN DARE Solid Brass Mechanical Pocket Watch
Golden Age Science Fiction Comic Art DAN DARE Solid Brass Mechanical Pocket Watch
50 mm solid brass case 17 Jewels Swiss-made antique winding movement pocket watch.
Dan Dare is a British science fiction comic hero, created by illustrator Frank Hampson who also wrote the first stories, that is, the Venus and Red Moon stories, and a complete storyline for Operation Saturn. Dare appeared in the Eagle comic story Dan Dare, Pilot of the Future in 1950, dramatised seven times a week on Radio Luxembourg.
The stories were set in the late 1990s but the dialogue and manner of the characters is reminiscent of British war films of the 1950s. Dan Dare has been described as "Biggles in Space" and as the British equivalent of Buck Rogers. Dan Dare was distinguished by its long, complex storylines, snappy dialogue and meticulously illustrated comic-strip artwork by Hampson and other artists, including Harold Johns, Don Harley, Bruce Cornwell, Greta Tomlinson, Frank Bellamyand Keith Watson.
The most recent mainstream story was a Dan Dare mini-series published by Virgin Comics. It was written by Garth Ennis and illustrated by Gary Erskine and is a completely new and somewhat darker interpretation of Dan Dare. Since October 2003, however, Dare's adventures have also continued in Spaceship Away, a specialist magazine created by Rod Barzilay by agreement with the Dan Dare Corporation. Published three times a year, its mission statement is basically to continue the original Dare's adventures where the original Eagle left off, in a style as close to that of the classic strip as possible. To that end, Barzilay originally hired former Eagle artist Keith Watson, and following Watson's death Don Harley, both of whom had drawn Dare in the sixties, to work on the strips which are written very much in the style of the fifties stories. Despite a fairly small circulation (it is available only via mail order, through its own website or in a select few comic shops), Spaceship Away continues to appear.
Dan Dare appeared on the cover of the first issue of the weekly comic strip magazine, Eagle, on 14 April 1950. There were two large colour pages of his story per issue. The artwork was of a high quality, the product of artists in a studio called the Old Bakehouse in Churchtown,Southport, Lancashire. The Eagle's founder, the Rev Marcus Morris, was vicar of the Southport church of St James at the time. It had scale models of spaceships, and models in costume as reference for the artists. Occasionally, Eagle incorporated "centrefolds" of the fictional spaceships, such as Dan's ship the Anastasia, reminiscent of cutaway drawings of aircraft in aviation magazines or even Eagle itself. The storylines were long and complex, sometimes lasting more than a year. Later, artwork was produced at a studio in Hampson's house in Epsom, Surrey, where his production line techniques were continued.
Attention was paid to scientific plausibility, the science fiction luminary Arthur C. Clarke acting as science and plot adviser to the first strip. The stories were set mostly on planets of the solar system presumed to have extraterrestrial life and alien inhabitants, common in science fiction before space probes of the 1960s proved the most likely worlds were lifeless. The first story begins with Dan Dare as pilot of the first successful flight to Venus.
Hampson's working habits twice caused him to suffer serious breakdowns in health, leaving his assistants to continue the series. The first occurred after two episodes of "Marooned on Mercury" (1952), which was taken over by Harold Johns, from scripts by Rev. Chad Varah, a clergyman who had known Marcus Morris in Southport. Hampson returned to start the following story, "Operation Saturn" (1953), but suffered a relapse after 20 weeks. Principal art was taken over by new chief assistant Don Harley, who completed the story and its successor, "Prisoners of Space" (the only series to feature extensive work by an artist outside the studio, finishes being provided by Desmond Walduck.
Hampson returned full-time in 1955, starting "The Man from Nowhere" trilogy, which took Dan and his companions outside the Solar System for the first time.
The quality of the strip and its popularity remained high throughout the 1950s. In the late fifties Eagle's new owners objected to the cost of the studio and the complexity of the stories. The conflict caused Hampson to leave the strip in 1959, in the middle of a long plot that saw Dan searching an alien planet for his long-lost father. Production fell to Frank Bellamy, whose modern 3-dimensional style contrasted with Hampson's, despite efforts to smooth the transition by alternating the two pages of the weekly strip between Bellamy and the team of Don Harley and Keith Watson, and freelance artist Bruce Cornwell.
Dan Dare was surrounded by a varying cast, initially:
Dan Dare (full name Colonel Daniel McGregor Dare) was chief pilot of the Interplanet Space Fleet. He was born in Manchester, England, in 1967 and educated at Rossall School. Although not a super-hero, he sometimes pulled off exceptional piloting and often proved extraordinarily lucky. He excelled at jujutsu, but he most often found non-violent solutions to predicaments. He was bound by a sense of honour, never lied, and would rather die than break his word.
His lean-faced character was recognisable by the outer tips of his eyebrows, which were wavy. His uniform looked like a typical British Army type (Frank Hampson used his own World War II army uniform as a model), though a lighter green. In place of British rank insignia it had coloured stripes and circles on the shoulderboards. His cap badge was a vertical, antique rocketship in a circle with one five-pointed star on either side. Initially, Dare was to be portrayed as a chaplain.
Digby (Albert Fitzwilliam Digby) was Dan's Wigan-born batman. Rotund and sometimes bumbling, he provided comic relief. He was fiercely loyal and the only character apart from Dan to appear in every story. His favourite recreation was sleeping and he was fond of traditional English food. His nearest relative was his Aunt Anastasia, after whom Dan named his spaceship.
Sir Hubert Guest, Controller of the Space Fleet, sent Dan on missions, and occasionally joined him. He was a veteran pilot, having been on the first mission to the Moon and led the first mission to Mars.
Professor Peabody (Prof. Jocelyn Mabel Peabody), the only major female, was the brains behind many of the team's most inventive plans.
Hank Hogan and Pierre Lafayette, stereotypically American and French, were two of the Fleet's best pilots and an inseparable double-act. Pierre was primarily a pilot, Hank more a mechanic.
Sondar was a Treen, a reptilian inhabitant of northern Venus. Originally a servant of the Mekon, he reformed after Dan spared his life during a traumatic episode that also caused his first experience of strong emotion, which the Treens suppressed. He became governor of northern Venus when the planet was placed under UN rule at the end of the first story, but nevertheless joined Dan on later adventures. He was also a talented spacecraft designer, and designed Dan's personal spaceship.
The Mekon, super-intelligent ruler of the Treens, was Dan's arch-enemy. He escaped at the end of each story to return with an even more inventive scheme for the conquest of Earth.
Christopher 'Flamer' Spry, freckle-faced student at 'Astral' space academy, who accompanies Dan Dare on many later missions. Flamer was based on Hampson's son, Peter Hampson.
Lex O'Malley, bearded Irish submarine commander, who accompanies Dan Dare on later missions.
With the exception of Digby, all the supporting cast were dropped after 1961, although Guest, O'Malley, Hogan and Sondar made occasional reappearances. In 1963, Keith Watson and writer David Motton were allowed to introduce a new supporting cast, who remained with the series throughout the rest of its run.
Colonel Wilf Banger, handlebar moustache, pilot and designer, an impulsive and volatile character. Banger designed and built the Tempus Frangit.
Technician Nutter Cobb, red-haired, broken-nosed. Banger's assistant, a Digby to his Dare.
Major Shillitoe Spence, balding, pencil moustache. A prim, fussy administrator
Spacecraft of various designs were presented as the product of inhabitants of various planets. The vehicle most identified with Dan was the winged Anastasia. Designed by Sondar, it employed both Venusian and Earth space drives. Later, an alien ship was adopted and renamed the Zyl-bat. There was also an experimental time-travelling ship called Tempus Frangit (Latin: it breaks time or time breaks).
There were land and air vehicles – in the first stories, cars conform to styling of the time, while some flying machines were based on the design of helicopters of the mid-twentieth century. Also of note was Lex O'Malley's ship, the Poseidon, a versatile craft that could operate as a jetfoilas well as a submarine.
London Transport used overhead monorails and helibuses in early stories. Ground transport cars were also drawn with gyroscopes and single wheels. South of the Flamebelt the Therons had applied their technology to peaceful agricultural purposes including dedicated agricultural land and flying machines. North of the Flamebelt the Treens perfected low friction/ low energy consumption means of transport including vacuum tube transport (Electrosenders) for long distance travel.
There is evidence that the Spacefleet spaceport in Earth is west of Formby in Lancashire on a semicircle of land built into the Irish Sea by landfill.
Spacefleet spacesuits had a corselet plate like on Siebe Gorman standard diving suits. Their suit had no life-support backpack; the life-support gear was between two layers of the helmet.
All or most Dan Dare comic pictures were drawn from models or posed humans. As a result, the Spacefleet spacesuits in space hang in folds like the boilersuit in which the models posed and show no sign of gas pressure. After the first Venus war, Spacefleet spacesuits had propulsor backpacks copied from a Treen or Theron design.
Some other spacesuits such as Blasco's have life-support backpacks.
In 1960 artwork was taken over by Frank Bellamy, Don Harley, Keith Watson, Gerald Palmer, with Bruce Cornwell, and the look changed, with the colourful, rounded rocket ships replaced by angular silver craft, and changes to the space suits and insignia. The changes were never wholeheartedly taken up, however, and the look was erratic from then on. In 1962 the strip was removed from the front to the inside of the comic, in black and white, and was drawn by Keith Watson. Over the remaining years the strip varied in format and quality, eventually returning to the front page in colour, until it ended in 1967 with Dan retiring to become Space Fleet controller. Strips from the 1950s were reprinted until 1969, when Eagle merged with Lion. For a while the reprints continued in black and white in Lion.
In 1977, Dan Dare appeared again in the first issue of 2000 AD (26 February 1977). The first instalment, scripted by Ken Armstrong and Pat Mills, had the character revived from suspended animation after two hundred years to find himself in a different world. The Mekon had also survived but otherwise the cast was different, as was the tone of the strip (heavily influenced by the punk movement, as was much of 2000 AD) and the personality of the title character. Written by Kelvin Gosnell and then Steve Moore, the strip was initially illustrated by Massimo Bellardinelli, whose Dare owed nothing to the original apart from the wavy eyebrows. After 23 issues in this format the strip took a break for a month and then returned in a revamped format with a more realistic style, written by Gerry Finley-Day and Jack Adrian (Chris Lowder) and illustrated by Dave Gibbons. Dare was now launched on a deep space mission, much in the style of Star Trek but with technology designs very much influenced by Star Wars. In a series of episodic adventures, Dare encountered various threats, including an extended multi-episode adventure uniting slave races in opposition to the "Star Slayers" – the oppressive race controlling that region. The overall mission had a surprisingly down-beat ending, leaving a space-suited Dare the only survivor, adrift in space on wreckage.
The strip was rested for 14 issues, returning early in 1979 in 2000 AD's 100th issue. The amnesiac Dare is rescued from space by the Mekon and indoctrinated into the Mekon's army before eventually recovering his memory. Now penned by Tom Tully but still drawn by Dave Gibbons, this re-imagining of Dare casts him almost as a superhero with a colourful tight-fitting uniform provided by the Mekon. Dare escapes to a planet that is home to an amphibian-like race which claims he is their Chosen One. There he receives a semi-mystical glove that can shoot energy beams but is unable to prevent the Mekon from acquiring the mystical Crystal of Life. On his return to Earth, he and his Treen companion Sondar find themselves branded traitors and found guilty of helping the Mekon to steal the Crystal. This story arc concluded with the pair escaping the Earth authorities and going on the run to try to clear their names by tracking down the Mekon and recovering the Crystal, establishing the format for the next story arc. Despite promises that Dare and Sondar would be back, the 2000 AD Dan Dare strip ended here in prog 126 (18 August 1979).
In 1997, to celebrate their 20th anniversary, 2000 AD published two issues with additional free comics, the first a reprint of the first issue of 2000 AD, which starred Dan Dare. The second free comic was a speculative issue called 3000 AD which contained strips partially based on the first issue of 2000 AD. One strip was entitled "The Return of Dan Dare", which also featured the return of the Mekon.
The new Eagle
In 1982 Eagle was re-launched, with Dan Dare again its flagship strip. The new character was the great-great-great-grandson of the original hero—the only surviving character from the original strip being the Mekon. The initial artist was Gerry Embleton, who drew Dan to resemble the original exactly, but he was quickly replaced by Ian Kennedy, who gave the hero a younger look and blond hair.
The opening Dan Dare story was an epic, lasting 18 months, written by Pat Mills and John Wagner. It opened with a flashback to the unseen final defeat of the Mekon by the original Dan, after which he was sealed inside an artificial asteroid and exiled into space. Centuries later he was accidentally freed and returned to conquer Earth. A few years later the descendant of his sworn enemy returned from space to find Earth under Treen rule and set out to free the planet. His new cast included Lt Helen Scott, leader of the Earth Resistance, and Valdon, a renegade Treen similar to the earlier Sondar. One controversial aspect of the strip was a lengthy flashback which retconned the original Dan to be a veteran of the Second World War and to have travelled through time to the era in which his adventures in the original Eagle took place—an attempt to explain why a hero in the age of space travel had a 1950's outlook on life.
After this initial storyline other writers were used and different supporting characters came and went, including Professor Pinkerton, a female scientist similar to Professor Peabody, and a new Digby (again, a descendant of the original). The Mekon was generally the foe in alternate stories.
In 1987 the strip became more like a space opera, with increasing violence. Now drawn by John Gillatt, Dan took on a tough-guy look. He led space commandos and packed a hi-tech gun reminiscent of that carried by Judge Dredd.
The new Eagle ended in 1994.
In 1990, a strip entitled Dare, written by Grant Morrison and drawn by Rian Hughes, was serialised in Revolver. It presented bleak and cynical characters and was a not-too-subtle satire of 1980s British politics. Spacefleet had been privatised, the Treens were subjected to racist abuse in urban ghettos, Digby was unemployed, Professor Peabody committed suicide, and Dare's mentor Sir Hubert Guest betrayed Dare to the Mekon and his quisling British Prime Minister, Gloria Munday (whose appearance and demeanour appear modelled on Margaret Thatcher.) Ultimately, Dare destroys London, the Mekon and himself through a smuggled nuclear weapon.
In 1996, The Planet published its first and only issue. Inside was a new and unfinished Dan Dare story, "Remembrance", drawn by Sydney Jordan featuring a slightly older Dare and apparently set some years after the original Eagle strips.
In 2008 Virgin Comics published a 7 issue Dan Dare mini-series written by Garth Ennis, with art by Gary Erskine. Virgin's Richard Branson is a fan of the character. The series is set several years after the original strips. Space Fleet has collapsed along with the UN due to nuclear war between China and America; Britain survived due to defensive shields made by Professor Peabody, and has become a world power again as a result with the Royal Navy taking Space Fleet's role. Peabody is the Home Secretary to a Prime Minister modelled on Tony Blair, who has sold Earth's defence out to The Mekon out of fear of overwhelming odds. Dare, assisted by Digby (who sacrifices himself in battle) leads a spirited defence of both Earth and his honourable principles.
Spaceship Away
Launched in October 2003, Spaceship Away magazine was originally created in order to get 'The Phoenix Mission' (a 1950s style story by Rod Barzilay with art by Keith Watson and Don Harley) into publication. Response was good enough, though, to warrant the magazine's continuation following that strip's conclusion, initially with 'Green nemesis' (again by Barzilay and Don Harley, with later chapters drawn by David Pugh and Tim Booth. Other stories have since followed.


text:
Q: Prove that $\{a,b,c\} \subseteq \{1,4\}$
Prove that if $$a^n+b^n+c^n \equiv \alpha +\beta \cdot 4^n \pmod{p}$$ for all positive integers $n$, some prime $p>2$, and positive integers $a,b,c$ where $\alpha,\beta$ are constants, then $\{a,b,c\} \subseteq \{1,4\}$  taken modulo $p$.

Attempt:
Note: $t_n \equiv \alpha +\beta \cdot 4^n \pmod p$ and all equivalences here are taken modulo $p$.
Using the geometric series we get $$\frac{1}{1-az} + \frac 1{1-bz} + \frac 1{1-cz} = \sum_{n\ge 0}t_nz^n = \frac{\alpha}{1-z} + \frac{\beta}{1-4z}.$$ Now the LHS is $$\dfrac{(1-bz)(1-cz)+(1-az)(1-cz)+(1-az)(1-bz)}{(1-az)(1-bz)(1-cz)}$$ while the RHS is $$\dfrac{\alpha(1-4z)+\beta(1-z)}{(1-z)(1-4z)}.$$ I think some argument about the degree of the denominator might work.
Context:
I was originally solving this question.

Let $a$, $b$, $c$ be positive integers and $p$ be a prime number. Assume that $$a^n(b+c)+b^n(a+c)+c^n(a+b)\equiv 8\pmod{p}$$ for each nonnegative integer $n$. Let $m$ be the remainder when $a^p+b^p+c^p$ is divided by $p$, and $k$ the remainder when $m^p$ is divided by $p^4$. Find the maximum possible value of $k$.

Solution:
Assume that $p$ is odd and let $t_n \equiv a^n+b^n+c^n \pmod p$. Plugging in $n=0$ and $n=1$ into the given congruence gives us $$a+b+c \equiv ab+bc+ca \equiv 4 \pmod p.$$ We also see that the given congruence is equivalent to $t_{n+1} \equiv 4t_n-8 \pmod p$ since $$a^n(b+c)+b^n(a+c)+c^n(a+b) =(a+b+c)\left(a^n+b^n+c^n\right) - a^{n+1}-b^{n+1}-c^{n+1}\equiv 8\pmod p.$$ Then, by shifting the index we obtain $t_n \equiv 4t_{n-1}-8 \pmod p$ and subtracting it from the original we get $t_{n+1}\equiv 5t_n-4t_{n-1} \pmod p$. This implies that $t_n \equiv \alpha+\beta \cdot 4^n \pmod p$.
Lemma 1. We have that $a,b,c \not \equiv 0 \pmod{p}$.
Proof. Firstly, we have \begin{align*}
(ab+bc+ca)t_n &= abc \cdot t_{n-1} + \sum_{\text{sym}} a^{n+1}b \\
&\equiv abc\cdot t_{n-1} + 8 \pmod p \\
t_n &\equiv \frac14 abc\cdot t_{n-1} + 2 \pmod p. \\
\end{align*}
Thus, letting $n=2$ and since $S_2 \equiv 8 \pmod p$ we obtain \begin{align*}
8 &\equiv \frac14 abc \cdot 4 + 2 \pmod p \\
abc &\equiv 6 \pmod p.
\end{align*}
Therefore $a,b,c$ are not equal to $0$ modulo $p$.
Lemma 2. We have that $\{a,b,c\} \subseteq \{1,4\}$.
This is where my question comes in.

A: I did an actual check for primes bigger than $3,$ always worked. It is a finite check. Worth attempting a genuine proof. Note that it is also possible to have $a \equiv b \equiv c \equiv \alpha \equiv \beta \equiv 0 \pmod p.$ I told the program to have $a,b,c$ nonzero $\pmod p.$
jagy@phobeusjunior:~$
prime  5           a  1  b  1  c  1  alpha  3  beta  0
prime  5           a  1  b  1  c  4  alpha  2  beta  1
prime  5           a  1  b  4  c  4  alpha  1  beta  2
prime  5           a  4  b  4  c  4  alpha  0  beta  3

prime  7           a  1  b  1  c  1  alpha  3  beta  0
prime  7           a  1  b  1  c  4  alpha  2  beta  1
prime  7           a  1  b  4  c  4  alpha  1  beta  2
prime  7           a  4  b  4  c  4  alpha  0  beta  3

prime  11           a  1  b  1  c  1  alpha  3  beta  0
prime  11           a  1  b  1  c  4  alpha  2  beta  1
prime  11           a  1  b  4  c  4  alpha  1  beta  2
prime  11           a  4  b  4  c  4  alpha  0  beta  3

prime  13           a  1  b  1  c  1  alpha  3  beta  0
prime  13           a  1  b  1  c  4  alpha  2  beta  1
prime  13           a  1  b  4  c  4  alpha  1  beta  2
prime  13           a  4  b  4  c  4  alpha  0  beta  3

prime  17           a  1  b  1  c  1  alpha  3  beta  0
prime  17           a  1  b  1  c  4  alpha  2  beta  1
prime  17           a  1  b  4  c  4  alpha  1  beta  2
prime  17           a  4  b  4  c  4  alpha  0  beta  3

prime  19           a  1  b  1  c  1  alpha  3  beta  0
prime  19           a  1  b  1  c  4  alpha  2  beta  1
prime  19           a  1  b  4  c  4  alpha  1  beta  2
prime  19           a  4  b  4  c  4  alpha  0  beta  3

prime  23           a  1  b  1  c  1  alpha  3  beta  0
prime  23           a  1  b  1  c  4  alpha  2  beta  1
prime  23           a  1  b  4  c  4  alpha  1  beta  2
prime  23           a  4  b  4  c  4  alpha  0  beta  3

prime  29           a  1  b  1  c  1  alpha  3  beta  0
prime  29           a  1  b  1  c  4  alpha  2  beta  1
prime  29           a  1  b  4  c  4  alpha  1  beta  2
prime  29           a  4  b  4  c  4  alpha  0  beta  3

prime  31           a  1  b  1  c  1  alpha  3  beta  0
prime  31           a  1  b  1  c  4  alpha  2  beta  1
prime  31           a  1  b  4  c  4  alpha  1  beta  2
prime  31           a  4  b  4  c  4  alpha  0  beta  3

prime  37           a  1  b  1  c  1  alpha  3  beta  0
prime  37           a  1  b  1  c  4  alpha  2  beta  1
prime  37           a  1  b  4  c  4  alpha  1  beta  2
prime  37           a  4  b  4  c  4  alpha  0  beta  3

prime  41           a  1  b  1  c  1  alpha  3  beta  0
prime  41           a  1  b  1  c  4  alpha  2  beta  1
prime  41           a  1  b  4  c  4  alpha  1  beta  2
prime  41           a  4  b  4  c  4  alpha  0  beta  3

prime  43           a  1  b  1  c  1  alpha  3  beta  0
prime  43           a  1  b  1  c  4  alpha  2  beta  1
prime  43           a  1  b  4  c  4  alpha  1  beta  2
prime  43           a  4  b  4  c  4  alpha  0  beta  3

prime  47           a  1  b  1  c  1  alpha  3  beta  0
prime  47           a  1  b  1  c  4  alpha  2  beta  1
prime  47           a  1  b  4  c  4  alpha  1  beta  2
prime  47           a  4  b  4  c  4  alpha  0  beta  3

prime  53           a  1  b  1  c  1  alpha  3  beta  0
prime  53           a  1  b  1  c  4  alpha  2  beta  1
prime  53           a  1  b  4  c  4  alpha  1  beta  2
prime  53           a  4  b  4  c  4  alpha  0  beta  3

prime  59           a  1  b  1  c  1  alpha  3  beta  0
prime  59           a  1  b  1  c  4  alpha  2  beta  1
prime  59           a  1  b  4  c  4  alpha  1  beta  2
prime  59           a  4  b  4  c  4  alpha  0  beta  3

prime  61           a  1  b  1  c  1  alpha  3  beta  0
prime  61           a  1  b  1  c  4  alpha  2  beta  1
prime  61           a  1  b  4  c  4  alpha  1  beta  2
prime  61           a  4  b  4  c  4  alpha  0  beta  3

prime  67           a  1  b  1  c  1  alpha  3  beta  0
prime  67           a  1  b  1  c  4  alpha  2  beta  1
prime  67           a  1  b  4  c  4  alpha  1  beta  2
prime  67           a  4  b  4  c  4  alpha  0  beta  3

prime  71           a  1  b  1  c  1  alpha  3  beta  0
prime  71           a  1  b  1  c  4  alpha  2  beta  1
prime  71           a  1  b  4  c  4  alpha  1  beta  2
prime  71           a  4  b  4  c  4  alpha  0  beta  3

prime  73           a  1  b  1  c  1  alpha  3  beta  0
prime  73           a  1  b  1  c  4  alpha  2  beta  1
prime  73           a  1  b  4  c  4  alpha  1  beta  2
prime  73           a  4  b  4  c  4  alpha  0  beta  3

prime  79           a  1  b  1  c  1  alpha  3  beta  0
prime  79           a  1  b  1  c  4  alpha  2  beta  1
prime  79           a  1  b  4  c  4  alpha  1  beta  2
prime  79           a  4  b  4  c  4  alpha  0  beta  3

prime  83           a  1  b  1  c  1  alpha  3  beta  0
prime  83           a  1  b  1  c  4  alpha  2  beta  1
prime  83           a  1  b  4  c  4  alpha  1  beta  2
prime  83           a  4  b  4  c  4  alpha  0  beta  3

prime  89           a  1  b  1  c  1  alpha  3  beta  0
prime  89           a  1  b  1  c  4  alpha  2  beta  1
prime  89           a  1  b  4  c  4  alpha  1  beta  2
prime  89           a  4  b  4  c  4  alpha  0  beta  3

prime  97           a  1  b  1  c  1  alpha  3  beta  0
prime  97           a  1  b  1  c  4  alpha  2  beta  1
prime  97           a  1  b  4  c  4  alpha  1  beta  2
prime  97           a  4  b  4  c  4  alpha  0  beta  3

prime  101           a  1  b  1  c  1  alpha  3  beta  0
prime  101           a  1  b  1  c  4  alpha  2  beta  1
prime  101           a  1  b  4  c  4  alpha  1  beta  2
prime  101           a  4  b  4  c  4  alpha  0  beta  3

prime  103           a  1  b  1  c  1  alpha  3  beta  0
prime  103           a  1  b  1  c  4  alpha  2  beta  1
prime  103           a  1  b  4  c  4  alpha  1  beta  2
prime  103           a  4  b  4  c  4  alpha  0  beta  3

prime  107           a  1  b  1  c  1  alpha  3  beta  0
prime  107           a  1  b  1  c  4  alpha  2  beta  1
prime  107           a  1  b  4  c  4  alpha  1  beta  2
prime  107           a  4  b  4  c  4  alpha  0  beta  3

prime  109           a  1  b  1  c  1  alpha  3  beta  0
prime  109           a  1  b  1  c  4  alpha  2  beta  1
prime  109           a  1  b  4  c  4  alpha  1  beta  2
prime  109           a  4  b  4  c  4  alpha  0  beta  3

prime  113           a  1  b  1  c  1  alpha  3  beta  0
prime  113           a  1  b  1  c  4  alpha  2  beta  1
prime  113           a  1  b  4  c  4  alpha  1  beta  2
prime  113           a  4  b  4  c  4  alpha  0  beta  3

prime  127           a  1  b  1  c  1  alpha  3  beta  0
prime  127           a  1  b  1  c  4  alpha  2  beta  1
prime  127           a  1  b  4  c  4  alpha  1  beta  2
prime  127           a  4  b  4  c  4  alpha  0  beta  3

prime  131           a  1  b  1  c  1  alpha  3  beta  0
prime  131           a  1  b  1  c  4  alpha  2  beta  1
prime  131           a  1  b  4  c  4  alpha  1  beta  2
prime  131           a  4  b  4  c  4  alpha  0  beta  3

prime  137           a  1  b  1  c  1  alpha  3  beta  0
prime  137           a  1  b  1  c  4  alpha  2  beta  1
prime  137           a  1  b  4  c  4  alpha  1  beta  2
prime  137           a  4  b  4  c  4  alpha  0  beta  3

prime  139           a  1  b  1  c  1  alpha  3  beta  0
prime  139           a  1  b  1  c  4  alpha  2  beta  1
prime  139           a  1  b  4  c  4  alpha  1  beta  2
prime  139           a  4  b  4  c  4  alpha  0  beta  3

prime  149           a  1  b  1  c  1  alpha  3  beta  0
prime  149           a  1  b  1  c  4  alpha  2  beta  1
prime  149           a  1  b  4  c  4  alpha  1  beta  2
prime  149           a  4  b  4  c  4  alpha  0  beta  3

jagy@phobeusjunior:~$


text:
Seminar: Dr Peter Taylor, "The Mismeasure of Risk"
28 April 2010, 5:00pm - 6:00pm
Abstract: (we have) "a sufficiently strong propensity not only to make divisions in knowledge where there are none in nature, and then to impose the divisions on nature, making the reality thus conformable to the idea, but to go further, and to convert the generalisations made from observation into positive entities, permitting for the further these artificial creations to tyrannise over the understanding."
Henry Maudsley 1867 "The Physiology and Pathology of the Mind"
The purpose of this talk is to examine how popular conceptions and measurements of risk can lead us into serious errors of judgement. A particular illustration will be the "Value at Risk" measure used to such little effect in Basel 2 capital requirements of Banks, and lessons relevant to Solvency II regulation of insurance companies coming into force in October 2012.
The thrust of the talk is that we can assess risk using three principles - first, framing the problem to allow for unforeseen or excluded possibilities and their change in time; second, use of different models to estimate the range of error in the measurement of risk; third, setting a level of acceptable risk relative to these measures. These principles are of practical value in our daily lives not just esoteric matters for scientists or financial wizards. For instance, we are all familiar with activities such as smoking whose risks were perfectly acceptable in one era but considered beyond the pale in another.
Particular topics covered in the talk will include why "Knightian uncertainty" is a false distinction, why the oft-heard statement that "all models are wrong" misses the point, why time is the crucial dimension of real-world risk, and failures of risk management models in the recent financial crisis.
The title of the talk is an echo of Stephen Jay Gould's book "The Mismeasure of Man" where he argued that the idea of a single number, the IQ, as a measure of man's capability was a misguided simplification. The talk will show how the fallacies of reification and ranking identified by Gould apply also to the measures of risk and with similar consequences of incorrect judgement and action. As Gould did with IQ, the talk will also examine the importance of context in framing the problem and the actions taken as a result of the measured values.
The talk should be of interest to a general audience, with particular areas of special interest to scientists, economists, philosophers, and those in the financial services sector interested in risk.
Dr Peter Taylor is a Research Fellow concentrating on the area of risk with the Program on Ethics of the New Biosciences and James Martin School. Peter spent 25 years working in the Lloyd's insurance market where he has managed IT and loss modelling departments and led and participated in many projects. He has been a director of insurance broking and underwriting companies and market organisations, and helped to establish the Lighthill Risk Network, a non-profit organisation that brings together the business and scientific communities for their mutual benefit. Peter is still an active consultant in the City of London, but spends as much time as he can working with the Program. Peter has a long-standing interest in all aspects of risk, whether in insurance or in science generally, particularly the practical application of the theory of risk, and the analysis of emerging risks. Peter has a background in the foundations of quantum theory for which he was awarded his D. Phil at Oxford, and in July 2007 organised the Everett@50 Conference at the Philosophy Centre in Oxford
James Martin Advanced Research Seminar Series - Trinity 2010


Step by step directions for making flavored vinegars at home!
Place everything in a sterile bottle, and cap tightly. Place in a cool dark place and allow the flavors to meld for 3 to 4 weeks. Strain before using, and place in a clean, sterilized jar.
Heat the vinegar until almost boiling. Place in a sterilized jar with the berries, and cap. Place in a cool dark place for 2-3 weeks. Strain well through cheesecloth, and place in a sterilized jar to store.
Heat the vinegar until almost boiling. Place in a clean, sterilized jar with the lemon peel, cap tightly and store in a cool, dark place for 3-4 weeks. Strain well and use. Store in a clean, sterilized jar.
In a clean, sterilized jar, add the listed ingredients, cap tightly and store in a cool, dark place for at least three weeks. Strain and store in a sterilized bottle.
In a clean, sterilized bottle, add the chilies to the vinegar. Cap tightly, and store in a cool, dark place for 3-4 weeks. Strain, and store in a sterilized jar.


text:
package org.apache.cassandra.simulator.asm;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.lang.instrument.ClassDefinition;
import java.lang.instrument.ClassFileTransformer;
import java.lang.instrument.IllegalClassFormatException;
import java.lang.instrument.Instrumentation;
import java.lang.instrument.UnmodifiableClassException;
import java.security.ProtectionDomain;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.EnumSet;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.function.BiFunction;
import java.util.regex.Pattern;

import org.objectweb.asm.ClassReader;
import org.objectweb.asm.ClassVisitor;
import org.objectweb.asm.ClassWriter;
import org.objectweb.asm.FieldVisitor;
import org.objectweb.asm.Label;
import org.objectweb.asm.MethodVisitor;

import static org.apache.cassandra.simulator.asm.Flag.DETERMINISTIC;
import static org.apache.cassandra.simulator.asm.Flag.LOCK_SUPPORT;
import static org.apache.cassandra.simulator.asm.Flag.NO_PROXY_METHODS;
import static org.apache.cassandra.simulator.asm.InterceptClasses.BYTECODE_VERSION;
import static org.objectweb.asm.Opcodes.ALOAD;
import static org.objectweb.asm.Opcodes.GETFIELD;
import static org.objectweb.asm.Opcodes.GETSTATIC;
import static org.objectweb.asm.Opcodes.INVOKESPECIAL;
import static org.objectweb.asm.Opcodes.INVOKESTATIC;
import static org.objectweb.asm.Opcodes.INVOKEVIRTUAL;
import static org.objectweb.asm.Opcodes.IRETURN;
import static org.objectweb.asm.Opcodes.RETURN;

/**
 * A mechanism for weaving classes loaded by the bootstrap classloader that we cannot override.
 * The design supports weaving of the internals of these classes, and in future we may want to
 * weave LockSupport or the internals of other blocking concurrency primitives.
 *
 * Ultimately this wasn't necessary for the initial functionality, but we have maintained
 * the layout so that it will be easier to enable such functionality in future should it be needed.
 *
 * To this end, the asm package and simulator-asm.jar is as self-contained set of classes for performing
 * simulator byteweaving, and simulator-bootstrap.jar contains a self-contained class and interface for
 * replacing important system methods.
 */
public class InterceptAgent
{
    public static void premain(final String agentArgs, final Instrumentation instrumentation) throws UnmodifiableClassException, ClassNotFoundException, IOException
    {
        setup(agentArgs, instrumentation);
    }

    public void agentmain(final String agentArgs, final Instrumentation instrumentation) throws UnmodifiableClassException, ClassNotFoundException, IOException
    {
        setup(agentArgs, instrumentation);
    }

    private static void setup(final String agentArgs, final Instrumentation instrumentation) throws UnmodifiableClassException, ClassNotFoundException, IOException
    {
        instrumentation.addTransformer(new ClassFileTransformer()
        {
            @Override
            public byte[] transform(ClassLoader loader, String className, Class<?> classBeingRedefined, ProtectionDomain protectionDomain, byte[] bytecode) throws IllegalClassFormatException
            {
                if (className == null)
                    return null;

                if (className.equals("java/lang/Object"))
                    return transformObject(bytecode);

                if (className.equals("java/lang/Enum"))
                    return transformEnum(bytecode);

                if (className.equals("java/util/Random"))
                    return transformRandom(bytecode);

                if (className.equals("java/util/concurrent/ThreadLocalRandom"))
                    return transformThreadLocalRandom(bytecode);

                if (className.startsWith("java/util/concurrent/ConcurrentHashMap"))
                    return transformConcurrent(className, bytecode, DETERMINISTIC, NO_PROXY_METHODS);

                if (className.startsWith("java/util/concurrent/locks"))
                    return transformConcurrent(className, bytecode, LOCK_SUPPORT, NO_PROXY_METHODS);

                return null;
            }
        });

        Pattern reloadPattern = Pattern.compile("java\\.(lang\\.Enum|util\\.concurrent\\.(locks\\..*|ConcurrentHashMap)|util\\.(concurrent\\.ThreadLocal)?Random|lang\\.Object)");
        List<ClassDefinition> redefine = new ArrayList<>();
        for (Class<?> loadedClass : instrumentation.getAllLoadedClasses())
        {
            if (reloadPattern.matcher(loadedClass.getName()).matches())
                redefine.add(new ClassDefinition(loadedClass, readDefinition(loadedClass)));
        }
        if (!redefine.isEmpty())
            instrumentation.redefineClasses(redefine.toArray(new ClassDefinition[0]));
    }

    private static byte[] readDefinition(Class<?> clazz) throws IOException
    {
        return readDefinition(clazz.getName().replaceAll("\\.", "/"));
    }

    private static byte[] readDefinition(String className) throws IOException
    {
        byte[] bytes = new byte[1024];
        try (InputStream in = ClassLoader.getSystemResourceAsStream(className + ".class"))
        {
            int count = 0;
            while (true)
            {
                int add = in.read(bytes, count, bytes.length - count);
                if (add < 0)
                    break;
                if (add == 0)
                    bytes = Arrays.copyOf(bytes, bytes.length * 2);
                count += add;
            }
            return Arrays.copyOf(bytes, count);
        }
    }

    /**
     * We don't want Object.toString() to invoke our overridden identityHashCode by virtue of invoking some overridden hashCode()
     * So we overwrite Object.toString() to replace calls to Object.hashCode() with direct calls to System.identityHashCode()
     */
    private static byte[] transformObject(byte[] bytes)
    {
        class ObjectVisitor extends ClassVisitor
        {
            public ObjectVisitor(int api, ClassVisitor classVisitor)
            {
                super(api, classVisitor);
            }

            @Override
            public MethodVisitor visitMethod(int access, String name, String descriptor, String signature, String[] exceptions)
            {
                if (descriptor.equals("()Ljava/lang/String;") && name.equals("toString"))
                    return Utils.deterministicToString(super.visitMethod(access, name, descriptor, signature, exceptions));
                else
                    return super.visitMethod(access, name, descriptor, signature, exceptions);
            }
        }
        return transform(bytes, ObjectVisitor::new);
    }

    /**
     * We want Enum to have a deterministic hashCode() so we simply forward calls to ordinal()
     */
    private static byte[] transformEnum(byte[] bytes)
    {
        class EnumVisitor extends ClassVisitor
        {
            public EnumVisitor(int api, ClassVisitor classVisitor)
            {
                super(api, classVisitor);
            }

            @Override
            public MethodVisitor visitMethod(int access, String name, String descriptor, String signature, String[] exceptions)
            {
                if (descriptor.equals("()I") && name.equals("hashCode"))
                {
                    MethodVisitor visitor = super.visitMethod(access, name, descriptor, signature, exceptions);
                    visitor.visitLabel(new Label());
                    visitor.visitIntInsn(ALOAD, 0);
                    visitor.visitFieldInsn(GETFIELD, "java/lang/Enum", "ordinal", "I");
                    visitor.visitInsn(IRETURN);
                    visitor.visitLabel(new Label());
                    visitor.visitMaxs(1, 1);
                    visitor.visitEnd();

                    return new MethodVisitor(BYTECODE_VERSION) {};
                }
                else
                {
                    return super.visitMethod(access, name, descriptor, signature, exceptions);
                }
            }
        }
        return transform(bytes, EnumVisitor::new);
    }

    /**
     * We want Random to be initialised deterministically, so we modify the default constructor to fetch
     * some deterministically generated seed to pass to its seed constructor
     */
    private static byte[] transformRandom(byte[] bytes)
    {
        class RandomVisitor extends ClassVisitor
        {
            public RandomVisitor(int api, ClassVisitor classVisitor)
            {
                super(api, classVisitor);
            }

            @Override
            public MethodVisitor visitMethod(int access, String name, String descriptor, String signature, String[] exceptions)
            {
                if (descriptor.equals("()V") && name.equals("<init>"))
                {
                    MethodVisitor visitor = super.visitMethod(access, name, descriptor, signature, exceptions);
                    visitor.visitLabel(new Label());
                    visitor.visitIntInsn(ALOAD, 0);
                    visitor.visitMethodInsn(INVOKESTATIC, "org/apache/cassandra/simulator/systems/InterceptorOfSystemMethods$Global", "randomSeed", "()J", false);
                    visitor.visitMethodInsn(INVOKESPECIAL, "java/util/Random", "<init>", "(J)V", false);
                    visitor.visitInsn(RETURN);
                    visitor.visitLabel(new Label());
                    visitor.visitMaxs(3, 1);
                    visitor.visitEnd();

                    return new MethodVisitor(BYTECODE_VERSION) {};
                }
                else
                {
                    return super.visitMethod(access, name, descriptor, signature, exceptions);
                }
            }
        }
        return transform(bytes, RandomVisitor::new);
    }

    /**
     * We require ThreadLocalRandom to be deterministic, so we modify its initialisation method to invoke a
     * global deterministic random value generator
     */
    private static byte[] transformThreadLocalRandom(byte[] bytes)
    {
        class ThreadLocalRandomVisitor extends ClassVisitor
        {
            public ThreadLocalRandomVisitor(int api, ClassVisitor classVisitor)
            {
                super(api, classVisitor);
            }

            String unsafeDescriptor;
            String unsafeFieldName;

            @Override
            public FieldVisitor visitField(int access, String name, String descriptor, String signature, Object value)
            {
                if (descriptor.equals("Lsun/misc/Unsafe;") || descriptor.equals("Ljdk/internal/misc/Unsafe;"))
                {
                    unsafeFieldName = name;
                    unsafeDescriptor = descriptor;
                }
                return super.visitField(access, name, descriptor, signature, value);
            }

            @Override
            public MethodVisitor visitMethod(int access, String name, String descriptor, String signature, String[] exceptions)
            {
                if (descriptor.equals("()V") && name.equals("localInit"))
                {
                    if (unsafeFieldName == null)
                    {
                        String version = System.getProperty("java.version");
                        if (version.startsWith("11.")) { unsafeFieldName = "U"; unsafeDescriptor = "Ljdk/internal/misc/Unsafe;"; }
                        else if (version.startsWith("1.8")) { unsafeFieldName = "UNSAFE"; unsafeDescriptor = "Lsun/misc/Unsafe;"; }
                        else throw new AssertionError("Unsupported Java Version");
                    }

                    MethodVisitor visitor = super.visitMethod(access, name, descriptor, signature, exceptions);
                    visitor.visitLabel(new Label());
                    visitor.visitIntInsn(ALOAD, 0);
                    visitor.visitFieldInsn(GETSTATIC, "java/util/concurrent/ThreadLocalRandom", unsafeFieldName, unsafeDescriptor);
                    visitor.visitMethodInsn(INVOKESTATIC, "java/lang/Thread", "currentThread", "()Ljava/lang/Thread;", false);
                    visitor.visitFieldInsn(GETSTATIC, "java/util/concurrent/ThreadLocalRandom", "SEED", "J");
                    visitor.visitMethodInsn(INVOKESTATIC, "org/apache/cassandra/simulator/systems/InterceptorOfSystemMethods$Global", "randomSeed", "()J", false);
                    visitor.visitMethodInsn(INVOKEVIRTUAL, "sun/misc/Unsafe", "putLong", "(Ljava/lang/Object;JJ)V", false);
                    visitor.visitFieldInsn(GETSTATIC, "java/util/concurrent/ThreadLocalRandom", unsafeFieldName, unsafeDescriptor);
                    visitor.visitMethodInsn(INVOKESTATIC, "java/lang/Thread", "currentThread", "()Ljava/lang/Thread;", false);
                    visitor.visitFieldInsn(GETSTATIC, "java/util/concurrent/ThreadLocalRandom", "PROBE", "J");
                    visitor.visitLdcInsn(0);
                    visitor.visitMethodInsn(INVOKEVIRTUAL, "sun/misc/Unsafe", "putInt", "(Ljava/lang/Object;JI)V", false);
                    visitor.visitInsn(RETURN);
                    visitor.visitLabel(new Label());
                    visitor.visitMaxs(6, 1);
                    visitor.visitEnd();

                    return new MethodVisitor(BYTECODE_VERSION) {};
                }
                else
                {
                    return super.visitMethod(access, name, descriptor, signature, exceptions);
                }
            }
        }
        return transform(bytes, ThreadLocalRandomVisitor::new);
    }

    private static byte[] transform(byte[] bytes, BiFunction<Integer, ClassWriter, ClassVisitor> constructor)
    {
        ClassWriter out = new ClassWriter(0);
        ClassReader in = new ClassReader(bytes);
        ClassVisitor transform = constructor.apply(BYTECODE_VERSION, out);
        in.accept(transform, 0);
        return out.toByteArray();
    }

    private static byte[] transformConcurrent(String className, byte[] bytes, Flag flag, Flag ... flags)
    {
        ClassTransformer transformer = new ClassTransformer(BYTECODE_VERSION, className, EnumSet.of(flag, flags));
        transformer.readAndTransform(bytes);
        if (!transformer.isTransformed())
            return null;
        return transformer.toBytes();
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
A Dance, Dance, Dance (Yowsah, Yowsah, Yowsah) című dal az amerikai Chic nevű R&B - diszkó csapat debütáló dala, mely az amerikai slágerlistán a 6. helyig jutott. A csapatnak abban az időben Luther Vandross, mint háttér énekes dolgozott. Az album a Chic című debütáló albumon kapott helyet.

A címben szereplő  "yowsah, yowsah, yowsah", ami a dal közepén hallható, eredetileg az amerikai jazz-hegedűs és rádiós személyiség, Ben Bernie-től ered, aki az 1920-as években tette népszerűvé a kifejezést.

Megjelenések

12"  US  Atlantic – DK 4600, ATCO Records – DK 4600
A	Dance, Dance, Dance (Yowsah, Yowsah, Yowsah)	8:21
B	Sao Paulo	4:45

Slágerlista

Heti összesítések

Külső hivatkozások

 Hallgasd meg a dalt a YouTubeon

Források

1977 kislemezei
Chic-kislemezek

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Q: Objective C - wantsFullScreenLayout not covering TabBarController I've been trying to get a section of my TabBarController to go fullscreen for a while but still can't figure out this 1 last piece.
So I'm able to put the UIViewController behind UINavigationBar using the code below.
self.navigationController.navigationBar.translucent = YES;
self.wantsFullScreenLayout = YES;

Also able to hide the UINavigationBar & TabBarController using the code below.
[self.navigationController setNavigationBarHidden:YES animated:NO];
[self.tabBarController.tabBar setHidden:YES];

However, my UIViewController's height still wouldn't extend behind where the TabBarController is before I hide it. So it looks as though there is a blank space below.
Image attached.

I tried changing self.tabBarController.view.frame and bound. Still doesn't do it. Seems like something is preventing it to cover that bottom portion.
How can I achieve that?
Thank you,
Tee

A: UITabBarController is not designed to allow its subview to go "behind" the tab bar, probably because a tab bar cannot be translucent. And although [self.tabBarController.tabBar setHidden:YES] does hide the tab bar, it doesn't tell the UITabBarController to lay out your view in the space that is normally occupied by the tab bar. In fact, there is no really supported way to do this.
OTOH, it is easy enough to reposition the tab bar manually if you are willing to risk things breaking in a future version of iOS. The UITabBarController's view has two subviews: one is the tab bar, and the other is the content view (which contains the view from the currently active view controller). Just resize the content view to occupy the space; you could even animate the tab bar moving off the bottom of the screen if you'd like.


text:
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Angéline Duffour is a partner at the firm's Paris office. Her practice focuses on all aspects of employment law in a diverse range of industries (including hospitality and leisure, life sciences and healthcare, chemical industries, luxury, fashion and transportation).
She regularly drafts and negotiates employment contracts, collective agreements, wage and incentive plans, and internal rules and regulations. She also represents companies in restructurings, sales of a business under the Hamon law, closing of sites under the Florange law, and mergers and acquisitions (including due diligence reviews, compliance with staff representatives' information and consultation obligations, and compliance with TUPE regulations). Angéline regularly provides advice on status, remuneration, and social coverage of top management/executives and corporate officers, working hours, collective redundancies, and group/international mobility. She also manages relationships with trade unions and personnel representatives with respect to elections, conflicts, and negotiation of collective agreements and litigates employment and labor-related disputes.
Prior to joining the firm, Angéline was Of Counsel with the Employment group at Dentons (formerly Salans) in Paris. She studied business and economic law at the University of Paris I-Panthéon Sorbonne, business and tax law at the University of Nancy 2, and received a Certificate of Specialty in employment from the University of Montpellier. Angéline is fluent in French and English.
University of Paris I-Panthéon Sorbonne (DEA, Business and Economic Law, 2004); University of Nancy 2 (DESS, Business and Tax Law /DJCE, Diplôme de Juriste Conseil d'entreprise, 2003); University of Montpellier (Certificate of Specialty in Employment, 2003).


text:
Q: Monitoring with Wireshark on Wirless Networks I'm a beginner and started working with Wireshark and hacking and I have some questions about it.
The monitoring of a particular computer does not always work immediately.
Why does the monitoring of a particular computer only work when it reconnects to the network or waits for some time?
And is it possible to force a reconnection of the target computer to the network?
Is there a difference that can observe in monitored traffic for encrypted and unencrypted connections?

A:
Why does the monitoring of a particular computer only work when it reconnects to the network or waits for some time?

If the target isn't connected to the network, it obviously isn't sending traffic that you could trace. Since we're talking about WiFi traffic, it might be possible that the target device shuts down the WiFi connection or even disables the WiFi adapter after certain amount of inactivity time. WiFi is pretty expensive powerwise, so for example Apple devices tend to do this. That's one of the sources of the stellar battery times.

And is it possible to force a reconnection of the target computer to the network?

Not with Wireshark or any other monitoring tool I'm aware of.

Is there a difference that can observe in monitored traffic for encrypted and unencrypted connections?

I'm not sure I understand the question. Data in an unencrypted connection is, well, unencrypted. As an example you can analyze HTML traffic, and from the payload directly read the content of the packets; meaning you can basically re-create an entire webpage just by snooping the payloads, should you be so inclined. In encrypted traffic the only thing you can see is sender/receiver addresses etc. Since the payload is encrypted, it's showing up as unintelligible garbage.


Reading Hélène Cardona's poetry feels like walking outside through a misty night, lightly treading as if you were hardly walking at all. "Night Messenger" is about a dream where the narrator encounters a penguin, drifting down the river on a leaf. ". . . this stream is your life," he says, "instead of watching from the meadow, / flow within its rhythm." And the narrator does, lying on a leaf in the river, entering a different world.
The other featured poets include Heather Fowler, Jackson Holbert, Chloe Honum, David McAleavey, Kylan Rice, Sundin Richards, Beate Sigriddaughter, Sarah Sweeney, Jeanann Verlee, and Jeff Whitney.


The UM33A is a digital indicator that employs an easy to read, 14 segment color LCD display, along with navigation keys. It features 9 alarm outputs and input correction functions including PV bias, polygonal line approximation and polygonal line bias. A 24VDC sensor power supply is also available as an option.


Does anyone know any literature researcher? What do they study, exactly? Can you pick any field? I imagine doing a PhD based on Tolkien or something like that would be very entertaining. It's hard to believe someone would actually pay you to do that, though.
On a related note: what do you learn in a Literature MA? Can you do anything with it apart from getting a PhD?
Literature is a pretty broad field that covers essentially any narrative medium you can think of, fiction or non-fiction. My specialty is in visual culture, primarily comics and graphic novels but also film, so it doesn't have to be as conventional as you'd think. There's also usually a lot of 'critical theory' and philosophy mixed in which you use as 'lenses' to interpret texts. If you were considering it, I'd advise reading into the department of each University you're considering and pick on the basis of how the department's interests and courses align with yours.
The field sounds amazing. The main thing discouraging me from it is that I'm not sure I'd tolerate the teaching load. But I think the actual research would be endlessly stimulating.


text:
Jakub (ou Jakob) Schikaneder, né le  à Prague et mort le  dans la même ville, est un peintre bohémien.

Biographie
Schikaneder est issu de la famille d'un douanier allemand. Malgré la pauvreté du milieu familial, il a pu poursuivre ses études, en partie grâce à l'amour de sa famille pour l'art ; un de ses ancêtres était Urban Schikaneder, le frère aîné du librettiste Emanuel Schikaneder. Après avoir terminé ses études à Prague et à Munich (1871-1879), Schikaneder, aux côtés d'Emanuel Krescenc Liška (en), participe à l'aménagement de la loge royale au Théâtre national de Prague, mais cette œuvre se perd  dans l'incendie de 1881. Après son travail au Théâtre national, Schikaneder voyage à travers l'Europe, visitant l'Allemagne, l'Angleterre, l'Écosse, les Pays-Bas, la Suisse, l'Italie et la France. De 1891 à 1923, il enseigne au Collège des Beaux-Arts de Prague. Schikaneder a fait partie des admirateurs de l'école de Munich de la fin du .

Il meurt en 1924 et est enterré au  à Prague.

Œuvres

Schikaneder est connu pour ses peintures tamisées de l'extérieur, souvent d'humeur solitaire. Ses peintures mettent souvent en scène des figures pauvres et exclues. Les motifs préférés de Schikaneder étaient l'automne et l'hiver, les coins et les ruelles de la ville de Prague et les rives de la Vltava (souvent à la lumière du soir, ou enveloppées dans la brume). Sa première œuvre connue fut le tableau monumental Repentance of the Lollards (, perdu). La Galerie nationale de Prague a organisé une exposition de ses peintures de  à .

Œuvres choisies

  Le triste chemin, 1886-1887
 Société sur la terrasse, 1887
 Un meurtre dans la maison, 1890
 Soirée dans le jardin, 1907-1909

Références

Bibliographie

 : Schikaneder: Jakub Schikaneder, Prague peintre de la fin du siècle ("Un guide thématique d'une exposition rétrospective, Galerie Nationale à Prague, Collection de Maîtres Anciens, Wallenstein École d'Équitation à Prague, le  – le "). Prague: Galerie Nationale, 1998.

Liens externes

Peintre tchécoslovaque
Naissance en février 1855
Naissance à Prague
Naissance dans le royaume de Bohême
Décès en novembre 1924
Décès à Prague
Décès à 69 ans
Décès en Tchécoslovaquie


☰ Françoise welcomes you in a thatched cottage of the 19th century in the middle of a hilly environment in 15mn of the sea between Quimper and Lorient. B&B "3 épis Gites de France" and in the guide of the backpacker. This thatched cottage will seduce you by its authenticity and its conviviality.
☰ Bed and breakfast in a gypsy caravan nestled in a nature preserve, leaning against the south side of the Valley of the Isole, opens its doors. Fancy a break with your partner or family, a night or more, let yourself be charmed by the gentle quiet of this place.
☰ Lily and Martial welcome you in the South Finistère in the entry of the forest of Coat Loch in Scaër in the house of a former stone-cutter. 5 guest rooms all comfort, private car park. Table d'hôte every day except Sunday. Hiking paths and green way, close to Concarneau and Roscoff. Good stay with us !
☰ Guest house located between the Atlantic Ocean and the Black Mountains, in Scaër at the heart of the city, nestled in a park of 7200m², 200 feet of the greenway N7. Le Clos St Andre welcomes you in comfortable guest rooms and offers guests special attention.
☰ A few minutes away from Pont-Aven, Gilles and Marguerite welcome you in their ecological guest house, our 2 B&B rooms in the 1st floor giving onto a terrace in the South. Privative toilets in every room(chamber). Of Riec-sur-Bélon you can shine on the West up to the Pointe du Raz and in the East Gulf of Morbihan via Quimper, Concarneau, Pont-Aven, Lorient... Copious breakfast.
☰ Bed and Breakfast in south Finistère between sea and countryside. In a small village at 300m from the sea and GR34, 2 guest rooms of which a family suite (possibility 3 children). Big flowery and wooded garden with pond. Terraces, internet and wifi. Substantial and varied breakfast with regional products.
☰ Bed and breakfast in an individual house in a pleasant flowery park, in 400m from the beach, close to Pont Aven, Lorient and Concarneau. Beautiful visit to make around.
☰ Bed and breakfast in 2 steps of the headland of Trevignon, between Pont Aven And Concarneau, ideally situated for the walkers, you will join the GR 34 by the path which goes along the house situated in 700 m from the sea. You will be seduced by the beauty of beaches and the tranquillity.
☰ The calm of the countryside 15km from the sea and Quimper, 5 comfortable and cozy guest rooms. Lounge and kitchen, terrace, breakfast.
☰ We welcome you all year long in bed & breakfast in a neo-Breton house with a garden in a green and calm, 1km from the town. 2 spacious guest rooms overlooking the garden which is used for meals, chickens for eggs and fruit orchard. Terrace for breakfast.
☰ Bed and Breakfast in a pleasant and quiet house in the garden raised and closed with 4 spaces of private parking lot, of which the one covered... Private or shared bathrooms. Breakfasts and tourist taxes are included in the price.
☰ Bed & Breakfats between land and sea. You're welcome in our villa in modern character, in the quiet guest room property apart from each other. Breakfasts in the dining room overlooking the garden and terrace, separate entrance.
☰ Our bed and breakfast is situated in 1,5km from the bay of La Forest Fouesnant, near Concarneau, Fouesnant, Bénodet and the Quimper. La Forest Fouesnant is famous for its marina " Port La Forêt". It is in this environment that we shall receive you. We completely renewed our family house by associating the charm of a house of character with the today design.
☰ Bed and Breakfast in an old house at the water's edge at the tip of Cap Coz, overlooking the harbor and the beach. At the end of the garden, a stone wall separates you from the water and boats. On the other side of the house, a few meters, the beach and its many activities (swimming, windsurfing, club for children ...). The sailing school is 300m.
☰ Bed and Breakfast situated in 100m from the sea, in 300m from the village, you will find here quiet and escape... In 20 km from Quimper you can taste in the enjoyments of the sea or the countryside (hiking trails, water-based recreations). Renowned places of interest near (iles Glénan, Concarneau, Pont-Aven, Pointe du raz).
☰ Book your room at The Louison House, bed and Breakfast in Britain. In the quiet of the countryside in an area of 14 hectares, near the sea and beaches, 5 minutes from Quimper (Finistère). Guest rooms with all comfort (bath products, hairdryer, robes), flat screens tv.


Last night was Halloween. Some may not celebrate the day, but there was certainly a celebration somewhere in Los Angeles. This is because the city has a new trio in town. Releasing their collaborative debut album, Day of The Day of The Dead on Halloween night. Furthermore, there is a vinyl edition of the 7-track album available for DJ's and collectors.
We spoke to Xzibit prior to the album's release and he provided us with exclusive insight into how The Serial Killers came to be.
As L.A. natives X and B-Real became friends over many years in Hip-Hop. Surprisingly, X says he always wanted to be in a group, reminiscing on the success of B-Real and Cypress Hill. As established names in the L.A. Hip Hop scene, X says these days he is about making the music he likes.
Still, to solidify this union with an album is a true treat for fans. Especially on Halloween, the al some people may be unfamiliar with Demrick but the Spokane, Washington native made a good impression on B-Real. Therefore, he relocated to L.A. where he worked under the guidance of B.
"B real, Demrick and myself have worked on our individual careers, but when we get together to do one of these projects, it comes together seamlessly," says Xzibit.
In addition to the rollout of The Serial Killers, Xzibit wants fans to know he and the relaunch of Open Bar Entertainment. The Serial Killers are the first release from the label's relaunch. Following the release of the first SK album, X looks to maintain his acting skills with his show, "Breaking Ground." Keeping the details short, he says fans should expect to see it debut this month on Open Bar. Following that release will be his new artist Benz Shelton, a product of Albuquerque, New Mexico. The Day of The Dead album is available now on all streaming platforms.


text:
CancerBlast -April, 13, 2019
Karly Lewis
Karly Lewis – French Horn - is the band instructor at a Lethbridge middle school,. Karly has a music degree from the U. of L and an Education degree from U. of C.
She has been a regular member of the LCBS Gold Band since her high school years, and in 2016 joined the horn section in the L.S.O. She has numerous performance credits to her name, including many years with ensembles of the LCBS, the Lethbridge Symphony, many pit bands for musicals and other stage productions.
Andrew Manzara
Andrew Manzara – Tuba - Andrew is our awesome tuba player. Andrew has completed his studies and practicum as a welder, something he took up after he studied music for some time at the U. of L. He is our youngest member, but make no mistake – he knows how to play that tuba. And the quintet is better for it.
In 2012, Andrew was shortlisted and then selected to perform with the Parliament Hill Ceremonial Guard Band, a testament to his talent.
René van de Vendel
René van de Vendel – Euphonium - René is our euphonium player whose music experience began in his youth in the band world of Holland. He has been with the LCBS almost since its beginning and a driving force in the establishment of the LCBS Tuba Christmas event . That is an event which is now an annual tradition in Lethbridge.
He is also a performer with the LCBS Gold Band and the LCBS Brass Choir. René is an area building contractor.
Ken Lewis
Ken Lewis – Trumpet - Ken is a retired civil litigation lawyer who practiced with Torry Lewis Abells, in Lethbridge for 42 years.
Ken is a founding member of the LCBS in 1987, and continues with that concert band. He has played with the LCBS Gold Band since its creation.
He has been a regular member of the Lethbridge Big Band for over 25 years. He was an original player the LCBS Brass Choir when it started in 2015 and has played occasionally with the Lethbridge Symphony Orchestra. He has played in the pit for numerous show productions of musicals and several Jazz ensembles as part of the Lethbridge Jazz Festival.
Don Robb
Don Robb – Trumpet - Don is a musical fixture in Southern Alberta. Don was educated at the University of Regina where received his Bachelor of Music Education degree.
He retired from teaching music in 2010, but since that time has immersed himself even deeper in music endeavors including, Hippodrome, the Lethbridge Jazz Festival, L.S.O., the LCBS Gold Band, the LCBS Brass Choir, the Lethbridge Big Band, and numerous pit band performances. Don is a anywhere and everywhere that music is being performed.
Bridge Brass took a short relaxing break during their performance as guests at the Grand Opening of Pure Spa in December 2018.
© Bridge Brass Quintet


text:
Q: Substructure such that $\operatorname{cof}(\sup(B \cap \omega_m))= \omega_1$ Let $\mathcal{L}=\{\in, \preceq\}$. Let $\mathcal{A}=(V_\theta, \in)$ (where $\theta > \omega$) be an $\mathcal{L}$-structure which interprets $\preceq^\mathcal{A}$ by some fixed well-ordering on $V_\theta$.

Does there exist an elementary substructure $\mathcal{B}$ of $\mathcal{A}$ satisfying the following: $\operatorname{cof}(\sup(B \cap \omega_m))= \omega_1$ for all $m \in \mathbb{Z}^+$?

For each $S \subseteq V_\theta$, let $\mathcal{B}_S$ be the Skolem hull of $A$ in $\mathcal{A}'$. Observe each $\mathcal{B}_S$ is an elementary substructure of $\mathcal{A}$. Perhaps we form an elementary chain from some subcollection of these $\mathcal{B}_S$ structures and take the union, but what would work? And how would I be able to know it satisfies the property?

A: Yes, this is true (modulo the detail that I think you want $\theta\ge\omega_\omega$, not $\theta>\omega$, since only the former ensures $\omega_m\in \mathcal{A}$ for all $m\in\omega$).
Fix $\theta\ge\omega_\omega$. The proof breaks into two key facts, one in the construction stage and one in the verification stage. The latter is essentially trivial but it is worth highlighting.
The first key fact we use is the following:

$(*)\quad$ Suppose $\mathcal{M}$ is a countable elementary substructure of $\mathcal{A}$ with underlying set $M$. Then there is a countable elementary substructure $\mathcal{M}'$ of $\mathcal{A}$ such that $\mathcal{M}\preccurlyeq\mathcal{M}'$ and $\sup(\mathcal{M}'\cap\omega_m)>\sup(\mathcal{M}\cap\omega_m)$ for all $m$.

Proof: just apply Lowenheim-Skolem to build a countable elementary substructure of $\mathcal{A}$ containing the countable set $M\cup\{\sup(M\cap\omega_m): m\in\omega\}$. (Note that for each $m$, $\sup(M\cap \omega_m)$ is a single ordinal, so this whole set is indeed countable.) $\quad\Box$
It may help to think of $(*)$ as addressing $\omega$-many requirements, one for each $\omega_m$ ($m<\omega$). We then apply $(*)$ $\omega_1$-many times to build the desired model $\mathcal{B}$ as the union of an elementary chain of countable models of length $\omega_1$: let $\mathcal{B}_0$ be any countable elementary submodel of $\mathcal{A}$, let $\mathcal{B}_\lambda=\bigcup_{\alpha<\lambda}\mathcal{B}_\alpha$ for $\lambda$ a countable limit, and let $\mathcal{B}_{\alpha+1}=\mathcal{B}_\alpha'$ per $(*)$ above. We then set $$\mathcal{B}=\bigcup_{\alpha<\omega_1}\mathcal{B}_\alpha.$$
Since $\mathcal{B}$ is constructed as the union of an elementary chain we have $\mathcal{B}\preccurlyeq\mathcal{A}$, so we just need to show that for each $m$ we have $cf(\mathcal{B}\cap\omega_m)=\omega_1$ as desired. This will follow from the following general observation:

$(\dagger)\quad$ Suppose $\gamma$ is an uncountable ordinal and, for each $\eta<\omega_1$, $W_\eta$ is a countable sub-ordering of $\gamma$ such that $\delta<\eta<\omega_1\implies W_\delta\subset W_\eta$ and $\sup(W_\delta)<\sup(W_{\delta+1})$. Then $\bigcup_{\eta<\omega_1}W_\eta$, as a suborder of $\gamma$, has cofinality $\omega_1$ regardless of the specific $\gamma$ we started with.

(Note that the above is false if we replace "cofinality" with "ordertype" - this, together with the proof of $(\dagger)$ in the first place, is a good exercise.) To analyze $\mathcal{B}$ we apply $(\dagger)$ "$\omega$-many times," once for for each $m<\omega$: take $\gamma=\omega_m$ and $W_\eta=\mathcal{B}_\eta\cap\omega_m$ to get $cf(\mathcal{B}\cap\omega_m)=\omega_1$ as desired.

Incidentally, more complicated versions of this question - involving "big but locally small" models, which raise problems for greedy strategies like the above - raise the following interesting general question:

Suppose $\mathcal{X}\preccurlyeq \mathcal{T}$ with $\mathcal{T}$ a "reasonably closed" transitive set (possibly + other structure). Under what conditions does $\mathcal{X}$ have a top extension $\mathcal{Y}$ with $\mathcal{X}\prec\mathcal{Y}\preccurlyeq\mathcal{T}$?

Here $\mathcal{Y}$ is a top extension of $\mathcal{X}$ if every element of $\mathcal{Y}\setminus\mathcal{X}$ has rank greater than that of every element of $\mathcal{X}$. E.g. nontrivial forcing extensions are always end-extensions but never top-extensions of their ground models. In a sense the question above is trivial ("exactly when there is some $a\in\mathcal{T}$ of high rank and some family of Skolem functions such that [stuff]"), but getting it to gel nicely can be rather messy if memory serves.


Rituals […] produce the glue that holds societies together. […} Some of the most exciting new hypotheses about the role of ritual in creating social cohesion focus on the frequency and emotional intensity of collective rituals.
In The Role of Ritual in the Evolution of Social Complexity: Five predictions and a drum roll published on the Evolution Institute's Social Evolution Forum, Whitehouse, Dr. Pieter Francois and Prof. Peter Turchin published a series of ritual-related predictions to be tested using the Seshat databank.
While the Seshat databank is gearing up for analysis this spring, a recent PLOS ONE paper found evidence in support of at least one of these key predictions. Whitehouse and his team at Oxford University found evidence in support of the prediction that dysphoric rituals produce societies marked by conflicts, rebellions, and military revolts (see my previous blog for more). The paper examined fan loyalty to football clubs and concluded that fans' feelings towards their clubs are shaped by major losses (dysphoric events) as well as key wins (euphoric events). Whitehouse also published an article this past spring in the Pacific Standard on the connection between group tightness and extreme self-sacrifice. In it, he argued that an understanding of bonding through shared suffering gives policymakers valuable insights into violent extremism.


Have you read our most accessed article?
To find out which are the most popular articles of the past 30 days, past year or of all time simply click on the most accessed articles tab found on the left hand column of the homepage (circled).
In case you were wondering, the unusual case of a young African female presenting a giant cutaneous horn was our most accessed JMCR article of the last 30 days.
This case is the first reported in literature of a cutaneous horn developing from a thermal burn scar. For clinical details and accompanying images, read the full case report here.
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June is only halfway over, but it has already given us a pair of noteworthy cases on implied warranties under the Uniform Commercial Code. I wrote a six-part series on implied warranties not long ago. If you're not familiar with implied warranties, I suggest that you skim parts 1 and 4 of that series to better understand this post.
Now, let's take a look at this head-scratcher from the Michigan Court of Appeals. The plaintiff purchased a recreational vehicle from a company called Holland; the RV was manufactured by a company called Blue Bird. According to the Court of Appeals, the parties agreed that the RV was defective. Blue Bird argued that (1) it was not liable for breach of the implied warranty of merchantability, because there was no "privity of contract" between it and plaintiff, and (2) the time for the plaintiff to bring its warranty action had already passed. The Court made three surprising conclusions of law en route to affirming the trial court.
First, the Court held that "Blue Bird should not be allowed to limit the time to bring suit in a manner that is not conspicuous to the buyer." The Court would have been correct to hold that a written waiver or modification of the implied warranty of merchantability must be conspicuous to be enforceable. But while the conspicuousness requirement is specified in the portion of the UCC that allows for disclaimer of the implied warranty of merchantability, it does not appear in the part of the UCC that permits a shortened limitations period. Courts have typically treated the substance of warranties, remedies for breach, and the time to sue as separate matters. The Michigan Court of Appeals evidently has elected not to follow that approach.
Second, the Court held that the implied warranty of merchantability – at least under the facts of the case before it – extends to future performance. This is a strange one.
The UCC provides that the limitations period for a breach of warranty action begins upon tender of delivery of the goods, unless the warranty "explicitly extends to future performance of the goods[.]" Astute readers will note (and other courts have already noted) that implied warranties, pretty much by definition, don't do anything explicitly. Astute readers will also note that, no matter how long its duration, the implied warranty of merchantability really doesn't have anything to say about future performance. But, in Michigan it looks like a breach of implied warranty action does not accrue upon tender of delivery.
Blue Bird may have muddied its own waters here, however. Its express limited warranty included a provision stating that "any implied warranties, including those of merchantability or fitness, are limited to the warranty period of this written warranty." (Emphasis omitted). That's a peculiar clause, and I'm not sure what it is supposed to mean. The Court elected to treat it as expressly extending the warranty of merchantability to future performance of the goods. That strikes me as missing an important part of the analysis, but you can meet me in the footnotes for my thoughts on that.
Third, the Court held that the plaintiff and Blue Bird were in privity of contract, even though the plaintiff bought his RV from Holland. Much to my disappointment, the Court ducked the important question of whether privity of contract is actually an element of a breach of implied warranty action. Instead, it concluded that, by offering an express limited warranty, Blue Bird formed a contract between itself and the plaintiff, and that contract was sufficient to satisfy the privity element of the plaintiff's implied warranty claim (if indeed privity is an element).
This shocked me, and it should shock you too. In essence, the Court held that an express limited warranty can clear the way for a breach of implied warranty claim that wouldn't otherwise exist. I think the Court went astray here, and its mistake was forgetting the source of the implied warranty of merchantability. That warranty is implied only into certain contracts for the sale of goods. But Blue Bird never contracted to sell any goods to the plaintiff. Instead, the Court found some other contract – the express warranty – that was not a contract to buy or sell goods, and implied a warranty into that contract.
Here are my initial thoughts. This is a strange case, and I have a hard time believing its holdings will be adopted elsewhere. That said, I think most of the Court's holdings could have been avoided had Blue Bird done three things: (1) expressly disclaimed its implied warranties; (2) made its one-year limitation provision conspicuous; and (3) dropped that weird language about the duration of the implied warranties. Of those, number (2) is the only one I bet you haven't already done with your terms and conditions. Want to be exceptionally cautious? Make that limitations provision conspicuous.
Stay tuned for our next installment, in which we find out which state recently adopted a delightfully simple approach to enforcing warranty disclaimers against remote parties, though at the expense of the privity rule.
 See, e.g., the extensive discussion in Rheem Mfg. Co. v. Phelps Heating & Air Conditioning, Inc., 746 N.E.2d 941 (Ind. 2001).
 The Michigan approach is especially strange when one considers that a disclaimer of the implied warranty of merchantability must only be conspicuous if written. But the disclaimer can also be oral (unlike the implied warranty of fitness for a particular purpose, which must be disclaimed in writing). On its face, the Michigan opinion appears to impose more stringent requirements on shortening the limitations period than it does on disclaiming the warranty altogether.
 At least not directly, though surely there are instances where, for example, a rapid wear rate could lead to goods not being passable in the trade.
 Ordinarily, I would think it was intended to shorten the limitations period, but Blue Bird did that elsewhere in its agreement, and it limited it to one year, which was not the term of the written warranty.
 The UCC's statute of limitations provides that a breach of warranty action accrues upon tender of delivery "except that where a warranty explicitly extends to future performance of the goods and discovery of the breach must await the time of such performance the cause of action accrues when the breach is or should have been discovered." (Emphasis added). The Court held that the breach was not discovered until the offending goods were recalled. But that's only half the issue: was discovery of the breach contingent on the recall? I doubt it.
In any case, the implied warranty of merchantability doesn't have a duration. It just is what the statute says it is, and you get four years from delivery to sue on it (unless otherwise modified), regardless of when the defect becomes obvious or even discoverable. If we start to put discoverability into the analysis, there's no need for the "future performance" clause in the statute: everything would just run for four years (or whatever) from the date the defect is or should have been discovered.
 Or it just decided that any privity of contract would suffice, whether the privity arises from a contract for the sale of goods, or a lease agreement, or a non-disclosure agreement, or an advertising agreement, or anything really.
It's possible that the Court's judgment was swayed by the jury verdict below or by an inadvertent admission from Blue Bird. Although the jury found in Blue Bird's favor on the plaintiff's claim for breach of express warranty, it looks from a footnote in the opinion that the jury answered special interrogatories while rendering its verdict. Perhaps the jury found that Blue Bird gave an express warranty, but did not breach it. If so, it's possible that (a) Blue Bird failed to challenge that finding (which I could see, considering it won on that claim), (b) the Court of Appeals recognized that an express warranty, like an implied warranty, arises between buyers and sellers of goods, and (c) therefore there was direct privity of contract between Blue Bird and the plaintiff for the sale of goods. Some of the language in the opinion makes me think that this could have been what happened (or, alternatively, that Blue Bird agreed that it gave an express warranty, but did not intend to mean an express warranty under Article 2 and the corresponding assumptions that go with it). Either way, some clarity on the point would be nice.
 It may have tried to do so, but that language isn't in the opinion.
 Again, I don't think many courts will be following this case. But if you do a lot of business in Michigan, you should probably keep this in mind.


text:
package com.orientechnologies.orient.graph.sql;

import com.orientechnologies.orient.core.sql.OCommandSQL;
import com.tinkerpop.blueprints.Vertex;
import com.tinkerpop.blueprints.impls.orient.OrientGraph;
import com.tinkerpop.blueprints.impls.orient.OrientGraphNoTx;
import org.junit.BeforeClass;
import org.junit.Test;

import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;

public class TestOutInChain {

  @BeforeClass
  public static void before() {
    // generate schema
    OrientGraphNoTx graph = new OrientGraphNoTx("memory:" + TestOutInChain.class.getSimpleName(), "admin", "admin");
    graph.command(new OCommandSQL("create class User extends V")).execute();
    graph.command(new OCommandSQL("create class Car extends V")).execute();
    graph.command(new OCommandSQL("create class Owns extends E")).execute();
    graph.shutdown();
  }

  @Test
  public void t() {
    OrientGraph graph = new OrientGraph("memory:" + TestOutInChain.class.getSimpleName(), "admin", "admin");

    Vertex vUser = graph.addVertex("class:User");
    Vertex vCar = graph.addVertex("class:Car");
    graph.addEdge("class:Owns", vUser, vCar, null);

    graph.commit();

    Iterable<Vertex> res = graph.command(new OCommandSQL("select expand( out('Owns') ) from User")).execute();
    assertTrue(res.iterator().hasNext());
    assertEquals("Car", res.iterator().next().getProperty("@class").toString());

    Iterable<Vertex> resEdge = graph.command(new OCommandSQL("select expand( inE('Owns') ) from Car")).execute();
    assertTrue(resEdge.iterator().hasNext());

    // when out('Owns') is executed we have Car vertex (see above)
    // after that inE('Owns') should return Owns edge (see above)
    // but test fails
    resEdge = graph.command(new OCommandSQL("select expand( out('Owns').inE('Owns') ) from User")).execute();
    assertTrue(resEdge.iterator().hasNext());// assertion error here
		graph.shutdown();
  }
}