I've worked in schools for over a decade. But in many ways they've all been broken. They're expensive. Some students thrived in a structured environment, while others scrunched themselves in their seats and hoped I wouldn't notice them. The skills I taught often reflected the demands of my own specialized discipline rather than preparing students for the tasks they would do after finishing school. And I taught my classes in a vacuum — sealed from the other classes in the school and often even from the same department I was teaching in. Which isn't to say that I and other teachers didn't work hard within these constraints to teach meaningful lessons.
But something essential was still missing from the education process.
While I don't have the — or even an — answer about how to solve this problem, here are a few articles that are informing how I think about the possibilities for hacking our educational system.
Sir Ken Robinson, a creativity expert, argues that we need a radically different perspective on education and educational systems. In a TED talk, he outlines the problem: our model of education is based on out-moded philosophical, economic, and intellectual ideas that are better suited to preparing students for factory jobs than for the challenging knowledge-based economy that's developing. Furthermore, he points out that these educational systems do not reflect how students learn or why they are become motivated to do so. When this system doesn't work for a child, the question becomes not how to improve the system, but how to change the child. Sir Robinson connects the rise of ADHD drugs to the industrial education complex, arguing that neither serve the interests of the child or society.
While Sir Robinson's association between the school system and the rise of ADHD diagnoses might seem extreme, Alan Schwartz writes in the New York Times that scientists and drug makers have identified a new pyschological disturbance that affects student's academic performance. The diagnosis classifies those students who routinely daydream and/or are inattentive in class as suffering from SCT, or sluggish cognitive tempo. And listening to the words of one researcher is chilling: children who suffer from SCT "[are] the daydreamy ones, the ones with work that's not turned in, [who] leav[e] names off of papers or skip questions, things like that, that impinge on grades or performance. So anything we can do to understand what's going on with these kids is a good thing." The diagnosis of SCT appears to be based on a child's inability to harmonize with an ordered classroom — the same industrial classroom that Sir Robinson discusses. But daydreaming is also a symptom of creativity and inattentivness can signal boredom in school, lack of attention, or a very different concern altogether. Surpisingly, there's been very little research done to evaluate the differences between being creative, not having a school structure that works for you, and having SCT. There is a very real danger –as we've seen in the over-use of ADHD drugs/diagnoses — that we'll over-medicate creative and dreamy students merely because they don't correspond to the rubric of what a 'student' should look and behave like.
When students are inattentive in class, why is this happening? A recent Gallup poll suggests one reason: teenagers are more likely to be "bored" than challenged in school (50% to 31%). A bored student slumps in his chair or inconsistently engages with material she doesn't see the relevance of.
A bored student needs a different learning environment, not a different mental one.
And educators are discussing how to radically reconstitute and reshape the school environment. Katrina Schwartz, in "What Would be a Radically Different Vision of School?", explores what such a vision could entail: schools would support "inquiry-based, student-centered learning, where students are encouraged to find entry points into the mandated curriculum in ways that are meaningful to them." School would be less focused on specific content and measurable goals and more focused on the skills of learning: research, analysis, synthesis, innovation, creativity. When the building blocks of learning are emphasized, students are better prepared to adapt to an ever-changing world.
BUT WHAT DOES A NEW EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM ACTUALLY LOOK LIKE?
Isolated schools and systems have started to experiment with various aspects of a new vision for the school system, but how do we actually change the conversation and ask how to re-imagine the educational system rather than simply revise its current structure?


Our friendly team of specialist lawyers at Medical Solicitors are experienced in acting for clients with a diabetes negligence claims. Diabetes compensation can be claimed where there has been delayed diagnosis of diabetes or where diabetes treatment has fallen below a reasonable standard to the extent that it is considered to amount to actual Medical Negligence.
Do contact our friendly team of specialist lawyers at Medical Solicitors. We conduct most of our Clinical and Medical Negligence claims under 'No Win, No Fee' agreements, also known as Conditional Fee Agreements. So, our clients do not have to worry about how they can possibly afford to pay for the cost of diabetes compensation claims. You have nothing to lose in speaking to us.
A diabetes compensation claim can be made when a patient suffers injury, or a worsening of their condition, because of negligent failure to manage diabetes reasonably, or the failure to diagnose diabetes promptly.
Failings can happen because a GP misdiagnose, or fail to take heed of their patient's worsening symptoms. Doctors can also overlook requesting tests to investigate, or fail to refer a patient to a Physician. Sometimes, care under a Physician is lacking, but we have also handled cases where there was poor communication between a GP practice and a Hospital, leading to patients being neglected.
In the most severe cases, a patient can lose their eyesight, or a limb (through having to have an amputation), or lose a kidney. Clearly, such severe injuries have permanent life-changing consequences. Victims of this type of medical negligence for failure to manage diabetes will need compensation to help them to cope for the rest of their lives.
Tragically, a teenage girl lost her life to diabetes when she was given sleeping tablets by her GP, instead of diabetes being diagnosed. Read more about her very sad case by clicking here.
Figures provided by the NHS state there are 3.9 million people living with diabetes in the UK. That's more than one in 16 people in the UK who has diabetes (diagnosed or undiagnosed). This figure has more than doubled since 1996 when there were 1.4 million. By 2025, it is estimated that five million people will have diabetes in the UK.
Clearly, the fact that people are living longer has contributed, and the rising population number. However, poor lifestyle choices- being sedentary and consuming processed sugar, etc are major contributory factors.
Unfortunately, once a person has developed diabetes, it is generally not a curable condition (some patients recover from Type 2 diabetes after bariatric surgery). Some patients may find it goes into remission if they start to look after themselves properly, to exercise and to eat healthily and get to a healthy weight. However, for others, management has to be by either taking medication every day, in tablet form, or by way of insulin injections.
It is extremely important that health care providers properly monitor patients who are clearly at risk of developing diabetes, and those who have already been diagnosed. This is because the condition of diabetes can worsen, leading to more aggressive treatment being required (such as moving from diet control, to diet control and tablets, or moving from tablets to injections) and failure to pick up on this can have the most serious consequences, even sudden death.
This is not scare-mongering. A high blood sugar level is actually poisonous to the human body. This can be particularly damaging to small blood vessels, for example, supplying eye-sight. Badly controlled diabetes can also lead to problems in the outer parts of a person's limbs, which is why diabetic patients are at higher risk of amputation than the ordinary population. This can start with a simple case of a cut, or blister that refuses to heal. This is because there if no longer a good blood supply to the outer extremities.
We have acted in various cases where elderly patients have been neglected, leading to cuts, or blisters on their toes eventually turning into gangrenous wounds. The patients end up being rushed to a hospital when it is usually too late to save them from having to undergo an amputation of a toe, or even all of the toes and part of their foot. For patients suffering serious injuries, clearly it is important they have access to justice and that they do bring a diabetes negligence claim.
Doctors are under a reasonable duty of care to pay proper attention to injuries suffered by diabetic patients and to take into account their risk of poor healing, to avoid further complications occurring.
Of course, patients should also be educated by their doctor in how to monitor their own blood glucose levels. They should also be educated about the importance of monitoring their own blood glucose levels every day.
If you, or a loved one, is diabetic, don't allow yourselves to be lulled into a false sense of security just because all seems to be well and then stop seeing to the daily monitoring. You will just never know when things may change, and by then it may be too late to avoid an irreversible injury. Such injuries can lead to an inability to drive, work, or even to look after yourself on a daily basis without care from someone else. No one wants to end up in that position!
Please don't miss your regular GP check-ups and blood tests and please don't forget your annual visit to the opticians. Your optician should be advised about your diagnosis of diabetes and should monitor the tiny vessels in your eyes for any early signs of change that need to be acted upon to ensure your eyesight is preserved.
Quite apart from diabetes compensation monies, you may need emotional, practical, or even financial support. If so, we have a web-page with important information for you about where to go. Please click here.


Alli and I talked over coffee while our daughter's moved around us... climbing, sitting, and squirming. I'm finding out that I can multi-task better than I thought; I've managed to keep my baby from swiping my iced latte off the table like a cat, all while focusing on the conversation with my friend. The little successes in a day should be well celebrated!
It rained on us a little this morning, and apparently we'll have showers all week according to the weather forecast. "I can never trust Guy Hagi," Alli said as she looked up at clouds and pockets of blue sky. Have truer words ever been spoken?! Despite the rain cooling us down today, the summer heat and humidity in Hawai'i has been draining. I can't even count how many times in a day that I've complained on how much I feel like I'm melting. Luckily, Me & Danny (my husband), have a pool in our backyard, which we use obsessively on unbearably hot days. So grateful.
Charlotte climbed down from the picnic table to walk around, while Jules sat on my lap. Alli chased right after her as she darted for the parking lot. Jules did her stoke face with her eyes following Charlotte; she yelled after her, almost as if saying, "WAIT! WAIT FOR ME!" There is no slowing down... there is no turning back. This is becoming my life, and I am loving it.
It's beautiful to watch our daughters grow up and learn new things, but it happens so so fast. As a new mother, I now fully understand why parents talk about missing the days when their kids were babies. Those days go by at the blink of an eye. Almost feels as if time actually speeds up. I read an article by another mother ("We only have 18 summers together with our kids" by Karrell Roxas) and since then, I've been more aware of the fact that this is our first summer with Jules. Really, we should be getting out of the house more, going to the beach, or taking her around the island every chance we get. AND, taking more photos and videos. You can never taken enough of those.
For Charlotte's shoot, my husband assisted me with lighting by holding our large reflector (one of my favorite accessories!) Photo sessions with babies or younger children are always exciting and fun - mainly because it's unpredictable. Classic poses are usually out of the question because it's nearly impossible to keep a child focused for more than 5 seconds. You really have to move fast around mini subjects, and shoot quickly before any temper tantrums occur.
These tiny fingers and toes!!!
A week after we shot Charlotte's 'One Year Milestone' portraits, we celebrated her 1st Birthday on April 15th! Thank you for having us, Allison!


text:
Artiest Fleesh
Titel Across the sea
Medium CD
Omschrijving This is Fleesh`s 3rd album (2019) called Across the Sea. Their music is female fronted melodic progressive with hints of All About Eve and Annie Haslam. Other influences are a.o. Marillion, Genesis, Rush and Pink Floyd. "We wanted to create an album expressing on the lyrics and on the instrumentals, the stages of depression. Lots of people around us have been struggling with it and we see a lot of people that don`t quite understand what`s going on, they think it`s no a big deal... So, we wanted to show how these people feel. To do this, we had several conversations with people we know to understand how they feel, we did a lot of research and read a lot of stories. So this album is entirely based on real facts." All songs written and performed by Gabby Vessoni and Celo Oliveira. Produced, mixed and mastered by Celo Oliveira.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Get With The Plan: March 7, 2010
Mina, 61, is retired and already collecting her pension. Her husband Jerry, 62, is almost there. They're not sure how to determine which of Jerry's pension options would be the best for their financial future.
"Our biggest concerns are having enough cash flow from pensions and Social Security to live on, and not having to withdraw money on a regular basis from retirement savings until required to do so at age 70½," says Jerry.
The couple, whose names have been changed, have saved $177,600 in Jerry's employer-sponsored retirement plan, $293,840 in IRAs and $500 in a checking account. Jerry's pension is expected to be in the $43,000 range, and he'll receive $21,120 in Social Security in 2011. Mina's Social Security of $17,424 would begin in 2011.
The Star-Ledger asked Andrew Novick, a certified financial planner with Condor Capital Management in Martinsville, to help Jerry and Mina analyze their retirement income options.
"It seems that most of their living expenses will be covered by their pensions and Social Security so they will not need to dip into their portfolio except for extraordinary items," Novick says.
After running some numbers, Novick says the results indicate their investment portfolio, combined with their pensions and Social Security benefits, will likely be able to provide a maximum gross annual income of $129,367 in today's dollars during retirement, up to age 100.
He recommends spending less than the maximum because some income taxes will have to be paid out from that annual amount. Assuming a combined average federal/state tax rate of 20 percent on the entire maximum recommended amount, they'd be left with their estimated $87,600 living expenses, so they should have a comfortable cushion, he said.
Jerry has several pension payout options. The option with the highest payout is the single life pension benefit, which would pay $43,225 a year.
"The risk of taking a single life version is the loss of all pension benefits at Jerry's death," Novick says. "This is a significant financial risk for Mina."
The risk, though, could be mitigated with life insurance on Jerry to cover the present value of his pension benefits, Novick says. With a single life payout of $43,225, a 23-year life expectancy, and a 5 percent interest rate, he estimates the present value of Jerry's pension at nearly $600,000. That means Jerry would have to increase his current life insurance.
Novick says another alternative is a pension payout option that includes a survivor benefit. For Jerry, a 100 percent survivor benefit option would reduce his pension income by nearly $7,000 a year, to $36,310 a year.
"Not only is this reduction more than the estimated cost of securing reasonable life insurance coverage (depending on his health), it also provides no protection to the heirs in the event both spouses die before receiving the full value of the pension," Novick says.
But taking this option, along with securing some life insurance, such as the $250,000 15-year term policy Jerry is already in the process of securing, seems like a reasonable approach.
Another possibility, Novick says, is to take yet another option, which pays $41,409 a year with a $397,667 declining death benefit payout.
"The combination of the declining death benefit and the $250,000 15-year policy will provide nice protection to both the spouse and the heirs and does not result in such a severe reduction to Jerry's pension income," Novick says. As such, this is the pension option that we used in the retirement projections."
Jerry and Mina describe themselves as conservative investors, as is evidenced by their 35 percent equity and 65 percent fixed income asset allocation.
"This type of allocation emphasizes income and capital preservative, but offers enough growth opportunity to keep ahead of inflation," Novick says. "Moreover, this allocation also seems appropriate in their retirement years."
In general, Novick likes mutual funds and exchange-traded funds (ETFs), calling them excellent, low-cost investment vehicles that can provide broad diversification across multiple investment styles.
He recommends investors have exposure to equity funds that have a "growth" bias, a "value" bias, some that track a passive index (such as the S&P 500) and some that provide exposure to the international and small company areas. Similarly, for bond funds, investors should look for funds that give them a broad exposure to different areas of the bond market, such as government, corporate and municipal bonds, he said.


The original Kingmax Super Stick that died on me a few months back is now being replaced (under warranty) with a newer version which I shall call Kingmax Super Stick (Vista) due to its revised physical appearance with a "Works with Windows Vista" label.
The Kingmax Super Stick (Vista) is still one of the smallest USB drive available in the market today. While the previous Super Stick performs badly in read/write speeds, this newer Vista version seems to have improved significantly especially in the write speed. A test on SiSoftware Sandra XI 2MB files test benchmark gives a pretty good read speed of 15906 kB/sec (previously 15770 kB/sec) and an improved write speed of 3959 kB/sec (approx. 2 times faster than the previous 1843 kB/sec).
Physically, the new Kingmax Super Stick (Vista) inherits most of its predecessor's properties with slight changes in its overall plastic mold. The USB contact points are now better refined, but it still lacks a LED activity indicator which can be very useful to know if the USB drive is in use.
Overall, the new Kingmax Super Stick (Vista) has improved significantly in its read/write speeds which will make it on par with many other USB drives in the market in the the same price range. Its small size will be the only thing that differentiates it from the rest.
Please refer HERE for the original review of the Kingmax Super Stick which is currently R.I.P.
so how is your Kingmax Super Stick 2GB (Vista) now? still working?
you tested the speed in windows vista?


text:
Calendar Reports Sign In
2018 - 2019 2019 - 2020 2020 - 2021 2021 - 2022 2022 - 2023 2023 - 2024 2024 - 2025 2025 - 2026 close
YearMonthWeekDayList
MonthWeekDayList
Filter: Child Development Center
School(s)
7/4/20 Independence Day - No School All Schools
8/3/20 Online Data Confirmation Opens All Schools
8/31/20 First Day of School
Rossmoor Elementary
Oak Middle
McGaugh, J. H. Elementary
McAuliffe, Sharon Christa Middle
Los Alamitos High
Los Alamitos Elementary
Lee, Richard Henry Elementary
Hopkinson, Francis Elementary
9/7/20 Labor Day - No School All Schools
9/18/20 Evening Of Rosh Hashanah All Schools
9/19/20 Rosh Hashanah All Schools
9/27/20 Evening Of Yom Kippur All Schools
9/28/20 Yom Kippur All Schools
10/31/20 Halloween All Schools
11/1/20 Daylight Saving Time Ends All Schools
11/11/20 Veteran's Day - No School All Schools
11/25/20 - 11/27/20 Thanksgiving Break - No School All Schools
11/26/20 Thanksgiving All Schools
12/9/20 LAHS Late Start All Schools
12/21/20 - 1/1/21 Winter Break - No School All Schools
12/25/20 Christmas Day All Schools
1/1/21 New Year's Day All Schools
1/18/21 Martin Luther King Day - No School All Schools
1/28/21 Last Day of 1st Semester
1/29/21 Teacher Planning Day
2/14/21 Valentine's Day All Schools
2/15/21 President's Day All Schools
2/15/21 - 2/19/21 Presidents' Holiday - No School All Schools
3/10/21 LAHS Open House - Minimum Day All Schools
3/12/21 Student Free Day All Schools
3/14/21 Daylight Saving Time Begins All Schools
3/17/21 St. Patrick's Day - School In Session All Schools
3/27/21 - 3/28/21 Evenings of Passover seders All Schools
3/28/21 - 4/4/21 Passover All Schools
4/4/21 Easter All Schools
4/5/21 - 4/9/21 Spring Break - No School All Schools
5/5/21 Cinco De Mayo - School In Session All Schools
5/28/21 - 5/31/21 Memorial Day Break - No School All Schools
5/28/21 Teacher Planning Day - No Students All Schools
6/11/21 Last Day of School
6/14/21 Teacher Check-Out Day


Excellent perspective. Some friendships are more giving than receiving.
Love the vulnerability shared here!
Thanks for sharing. I am beginning to see Vulnerability as a superpower. Thanks for being part of this experiment.
Reading my responses and comparing them to everyone else's is giving me lots to think about. Thanks again for doing this. Super interesting!
It is my pleasure. It has been fun comparing the various similarities and differences along the way. This process has heightened my awareness of what it means to be a friend, and how to improve.


text:
Q: MQTT messages not received by ESP32 after deep sleep I have a battery operated ESP32 board (=client) and use deep sleep mode to save power. I want to receive mqtt messages that have been sent by Nodered to a broker while the board (client) was asleep. I use  async-mqtt-client/AsyncMQttClient.h (see github).
After a fresh reboot of the ESP32, messages are received by the ESP32 board properly. But when the board has awoken from it first sleep, the messages don't arrive. I added mqttClient.setCleanSession(false) to my initialisation code to allow "broken sessions". This does not help.
I started to subscribe to the topic(s) everytime (after a first boot or after waking up). When I only subscribe to the topic when no session is present (after if (sessionPresent == 0) ) the problem remains.
Does anyone have suggestions how to move on???
[EDIT]  I added my code here. It is in development, so full of snippets taken from different sources:
Arduino IDE

/* Code by FV for WIFI Lora 32(V2) board, derived from File / Examples / Heltec ESP32 Dev-Boards / ESP32 / ADC_Read_Voltage / Battery_power
 * The original example gives a correct battery voltage readout on the display and a raw value in the Serial output .
 * The aim is to modify the code to send MQTT readouts to a web-service
 * This requires establishing a Wifi connection (station mode) and introduction of an MQTT client
 *
*/

/*
* V1.0
* WiFi and MQTT operational
* Battery voltage readout sometimes gives high values
*   - are the used pins in the combined sketches compatible?
*   - does introduction of WiFi interfere with the battery measurement?
*   - is the combination of the two loop delay methods sloppy?
*   - is it lack of conversion time for the ADC?
*
* V1.1 added some extra code with settings to do ADC conversion properly
*
* V1.2 adding deep sleep to save battery power in idle time
*   - https://randomnerdtutorials.com/esp32-timer-wake-up-deep-sleep/
*   - https://raw.githubusercontent.com/RuiSantosdotme/ESP32-Course/master/code/DeepSleep/TimerWakeUp/TimerWakeUp.ino
*   - need to move the includes to the top of the code, to prevent an error when compiling RTC_DATA_ATTR int wakeupCount = 0;
*   - BUG: after waking up, connecting to the WiFi network does not work.
*          connection is OK after pressing the RST button.
* V1.3 created more reliable WiFi reconnect using WiFi events
*   - BUG: delivery of data stops, reason unknown. Battery voltage at the moment of "crash" was high enough.
*   - introduce tools for debugging:
*         * introduce logging, while not connected to serial port
*         * introduce ESP side logging (Use different levels. Set level in Preferences)
*         * introduce logging on cloud server (a.o. battery voltage, timestamp, deviceId)
*   - SOLVED: not all info printed to Serial, solved by moving display initialization
*   - added timers for optimization / rationalization of delays
*   - BUG: awakeDuration should be the longest duration of all, It isn't.
*   - introduce reporting of timers in wireless / battery mode (MQTT)
* V1.4 solve V1.3 issues
*   - must be able to use MQTT client in any scope
*   - Optimization of delays and uptime:
*     - successDuration takes most of the awake time. Room for improvement in speed of making connection with WiFi
* V1.5 SWITCH TO  Async MQTT Client Library,  https://randomnerdtutorials.com/esp32-mqtt-publish-bme280-arduino/
*   - see demo sketch: ESP-mqtt-publish
*   - added deviceId, a string representing the board's MAC adress in reverse order
*   - added MQTT topics containing the unique deviceId
*     * prevent using String variables. See
*   - a logging flag is present, which persists over reboots by storing it into flash memory
*     * further logging methods to be implemented
*   -
*
*

*/

/*
 * HelTec Automation(TM) Electricity detection example.
 *
 * Function summary:
 *
 * - Vext connected to 3.3V via a MOS-FET, the gate pin connected to GPIO21;  //BUT WHERE IS THE CODE THAT DOES THAT?
 *
 * - Battery power detection is achieved by detecting the voltage of GPIO13;  //SHOULD BE GPIO37    what is the meaning of GPIO36 in this sketch?
 *
 * - OLED display and PE4259(RF switch) use Vext as power supply;
 *
 * - WIFI Kit series V1 don't have Vext control function;
 *
 * HelTec AutoMation, Chengdu, China.
 * 成都惠利特自动化科技有限公司
 * https://heltec.org
 * support@heltec.cn
 *
 * this project also release in GitHub:
 * https://github.com/Heltec-Aaron-Lee/WiFi_Kit_series
 *
*/

/*
Simple Deep Sleep with Timer Wake Up
=====================================
ESP32 offers a deep sleep mode for effective power
saving as power is an important factor for IoT
applications. In this mode CPUs, most of the RAM,
and all the digital peripherals which are clocked
from APB_CLK are powered off. The only parts of
the chip which can still be powered on are:
RTC controller, RTC peripherals ,and RTC memories

This code displays the most basic deep sleep with
a timer to wake it up and how to store data in
RTC memory to use it over reboots

This code is under Public Domain License.

Author:
Pranav Cherukupalli <cherukupallip@gmail.com>
*/
/*
   This sketch shows the WiFi event usage - Example from WiFi > WiFiClientEvents
   Complete details at https://RandomNerdTutorials.com/esp32-useful-wi-fi-functions-arduino/
*/

#include "Arduino.h"
#include <Preferences.h>  //not required in Arduino IDE ( NOT TRUE !)
//https://randomnerdtutorials.com/esp32-save-data-permanently-preferences/
//also see info on how to remove a namespace

Preferences preferences;     //create an instance (preferences) of Preferences

#define PREFERENCES_READ_ONLY = false //use preferences in R/W mode

#include <Wire.h>
#include "heltec.h"         //study conditional includes/ compilation
//#include "esp_wifi.h"
#include <WiFi.h>
extern "C" {
  #include "freertos/FreeRTOS.h"
  #include "freertos/timers.h"
}
// https://github.com/marvinroger/async-mqtt-client
// https://github.com/marvinroger/async-mqtt-client/blob/master/docs/2.-API-reference.md
// Very important: As a rule of thumb, never use blocking functions in the callbacks (don't use delay() or yield()).
// Otherwise, you may very probably experience unexpected behaviors.
#include <AsyncMqttClient.h>

#define WIFI_SSID "XXXXXXXXXXXXXX"
#define WIFI_PASSWORD "XXXXXXXXXXXXXXX"
#define MQTT_USER "XXXXXXXXX"
#define MQTT_PASSWORD "XXXXXXXXXXXXXXX"

// Mosquitto MQTT Broker
#define MQTT_HOST IPAddress(192, XXXXXXXXXXX)
// For a cloud MQTT broker, type the domain name
//#define MQTT_HOST "example.com"
#define MQTT_PORT XXXXXXXX

bool enabled_sleepmode = true;
char deviceId[23] = "";
char deviceType[10] = "";
char deviceTopic[50] = "";

AsyncMqttClient mqttClient;
TimerHandle_t mqttReconnectTimer;
TimerHandle_t wifiReconnectTimer;

unsigned long previousMillis = 0;   // Stores last time temperature was published
const long interval = 10000;        // Interval at which to publish sensor readings

void connectToWifi() {
  Serial.println("Connecting to Wi-Fi...");
  WiFi.begin(WIFI_SSID, WIFI_PASSWORD);
}

void connectToMqtt() {
  Serial.println("Connecting to MQTT...");
  //mqttClient.setClientId("myESP");
  //mqttClient.setCredentials(MQTT_USER,MQTT_PASSWORD);
  mqttClient.connect();
}

void WiFiEvent(WiFiEvent_t event) {
  Serial.printf("[WiFi-event] event: %d\n", event);
  switch(event) {
    case SYSTEM_EVENT_STA_GOT_IP:
      Serial.println("WiFi connected");
      Serial.println("IP address: ");
      Serial.println(WiFi.localIP());
      connectToMqtt();
      break;
    case SYSTEM_EVENT_STA_DISCONNECTED:
      Serial.println("WiFi lost connection");
      xTimerStop(mqttReconnectTimer, 0); // ensure we don't reconnect to MQTT while reconnecting to Wi-Fi
      xTimerStart(wifiReconnectTimer, 0);
      break;
  }
}

void onMqttConnect(bool sessionPresent) {
  Serial.println("Connected to MQTT.");
  Serial.print("Session present: ");
  Serial.println(sessionPresent);
  //test sub

  if (sessionPresent == 0){

  uint16_t packetIdSub = mqttClient.subscribe("test/lol", 2);
  Serial.print("Subscribing at QoS 2, packetId: ");
  Serial.println(packetIdSub);
  }

  mqttClient.publish("test/lol", 0, true, "test 1");
  Serial.println("Publishing at QoS 0");
  uint16_t packetIdPub1 = mqttClient.publish("test/lol", 1, true, "test 2");
  Serial.print("Publishing at QoS 1, packetId: ");
  Serial.println(packetIdPub1);

  uint16_t packetIdPub2 = mqttClient.publish("test/lol", 2, true, "test 3");
  Serial.print("Publishing at QoS 2, packetId: ");
  Serial.println(packetIdPub2);
     if (sessionPresent == 0){   //if no active previous session, subscribe. This assumes that subscription is not necessary when sessionPresent != 0

  uint16_t packetIdSub2a = mqttClient.subscribe("test/lol2", 2);
  Serial.print("Subscribing at QoS 2, packetId: ");
  Serial.println(packetIdSub2a);

  uint16_t packetIdSub1a = mqttClient.subscribe("test/lol1", 1);
  Serial.print("Subscribing at QoS 1, packetId: ");
  Serial.println(packetIdSub1a);
  uint16_t packetIdSub0a = mqttClient.subscribe("test/lol0", 0);
  Serial.print("Subscribing at QoS 0, packetId: ");
  Serial.println(packetIdSub0a);
   }

}

void onMqttDisconnect(AsyncMqttClientDisconnectReason reason) {
  Serial.println("Disconnected from MQTT.");
  if (WiFi.isConnected()) {
    xTimerStart(mqttReconnectTimer, 0);
  }
}

void onMqttSubscribe(uint16_t packetId, uint8_t qos) {
  Serial.println("Subscribe acknowledged.");
  Serial.print("  packetId: ");
  Serial.println(packetId);
  Serial.print("  qos: ");
  Serial.println(qos);
}
void onMqttUnsubscribe(uint16_t packetId) {
  Serial.println("Unsubscribe acknowledged.");
  Serial.print("  packetId: ");
  Serial.println(packetId);
}

void onMqttMessage(char* topic, char* payload, AsyncMqttClientMessageProperties properties, size_t len, size_t index, size_t total) {
  Serial.println("Publish received.");
  Serial.print("  topic: ");
  Serial.println(topic);
  Serial.print("  qos: ");
  Serial.println(properties.qos);
  Serial.print("  dup: ");
  Serial.println(properties.dup);
  Serial.print("  retain: ");
  Serial.println(properties.retain);
  Serial.print("  len: ");
  Serial.println(len);
  Serial.print("  index: ");
  Serial.println(index);
  Serial.print("  total: ");
  Serial.println(total);

 //need to convert payload to properly readably info
  String messageTemp;
for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {
//Serial.print((char)payload[i]);
messageTemp += (char)payload[i];
}

  Serial.print("  payload: ");
  Serial.println(messageTemp);

}

void onMqttPublish(uint16_t packetId) {
  Serial.print("Publish acknowledged.");
  Serial.print("  packetId: ");
  Serial.println(packetId);
}

//#include <ESP8266WiFi.h>
//#include <PubSubClient.h>   //Knoleary MQTT module

//WiFiClient espClient;
//PubSubClient mqtt_client(espClient);
//unsigned long lastMsg = 0;
//#define MSG_BUFFER_SIZE  (50)
//char msg[MSG_BUFFER_SIZE];
//int value = 0;

#define uS_TO_S_FACTOR 1000000  /* Conversion factor for micro seconds to seconds */
#define TIME_TO_SLEEP  60        /* Time ESP32 will go to sleep (in seconds) */

RTC_DATA_ATTR int wakeupCount = 0;  //store in ULP, keep value while sleeping

bool loggingMode = false;
unsigned long wakeupTime; //milliseconds
unsigned long sleepTime; //milliseconds
unsigned long connectStart; //milliseconds
unsigned long connectSuccess; //milliseconds

//get unique deviceId, it contains the MAC address in reverse order
//later also get the device type and Rev

void get_deviceId() {
  uint64_t chipid = ESP.getEfuseMac(); // The chip ID is essentially its MAC address(length: 6 bytes).
  snprintf(deviceId, 23, "%04X%08X", (uint16_t)(chipid >> 32), (uint32_t)chipid);
}

void get_deviceType() {
  snprintf(deviceType, 23, "ESP32", "", "");
}

/*
Method to print the reason by which ESP32 has been awaken from sleep
*/

void wake_up_from_deep_sleep(){
  wakeupTime = millis();
  Serial.begin(115200);
  delay(10); //Take some time to open up the Serial Monitor //was 1000
  //Print the wakeup reason for ESP32
  print_wakeup_reason();

  // Open Preferences with my-app namespace. Each application module, library, etc
  // has to use a namespace name to prevent key name collisions. We will open storage in
  // RW-mode (second parameter has to be false).
  // Note: Namespace name is limited to 15 chars.
  preferences.begin("my-app", false);

  // Remove all preferences under the opened namespace
  //preferences.clear();

  // Or remove the counter key only
  //preferences.remove("counter");

  // Get the counter value, if the key does not exist, return a default value of 0
  // Note: Key name is limited to 15 chars.
  unsigned int counter = preferences.getUInt("counter", 0);

  // Increase counter by 1
  counter++;

  // Print the counter to Serial Monitor
  Serial.printf("Total nr of wakeups: %u\n", counter);

  // Store the counter to the Preferences
  preferences.putUInt("counter", counter);

  loggingMode = preferences.getBool("loggingMode", false);
  //loggingMode = true;
  // Close the Preferences
  preferences.end();

  Serial.println("loggingMode: " + String(loggingMode));
/*
  for(int i=0; i<17; i=i+8) {
    chipId2 |= ((ESP.getEfuseMac() >> (40 - i)) & 0xff) << i;
  }

*/

//  Serial.printf("ESP32 Chip model = %s Rev %d\n", ESP.getChipModel(), ESP.getChipRevision());   //ESP.getChipModel()

//  Serial.printf("This chip has %d cores\n", ESP.getChipCores());
//  Serial.print("Chip ID: "); Serial.println(chipId2);

get_deviceId();
Serial.println(deviceId);
get_deviceType();
Serial.println(deviceType);
//get device Ver ????

  //Increment boot number and print it every reboot
  ++wakeupCount;
  Serial.println("----- wakeupCount since last reboot: " + String(wakeupCount)+" -----");

  }

void put_loggingMode(bool my_value){

   preferences.begin("my-app", false);
   preferences.putBool("loggingMode", my_value);
   // Close the Preferences
   preferences.end();
  }

void print_wakeup_reason(){
  esp_sleep_wakeup_cause_t wakeup_reason;

  wakeup_reason = esp_sleep_get_wakeup_cause();

  switch(wakeup_reason)
  {
    case ESP_SLEEP_WAKEUP_EXT0 : Serial.println("Wakeup caused by external signal using RTC_IO"); break;
    case ESP_SLEEP_WAKEUP_EXT1 : Serial.println("Wakeup caused by external signal using RTC_CNTL"); break;
    case ESP_SLEEP_WAKEUP_TIMER : Serial.println("Wakeup caused by timer"); break;
    case ESP_SLEEP_WAKEUP_TOUCHPAD : Serial.println("Wakeup caused by touchpad"); break;
    case ESP_SLEEP_WAKEUP_ULP : Serial.println("Wakeup caused by ULP program"); break;
    default : Serial.printf("Wakeup was not caused by deep sleep: %d\n",wakeup_reason); break;
  }
}

  void prepare_and_go_for_sleep(){

  /*
  First we configure the wake up source
  We set our ESP32 to wake up every 5 seconds
  */
  esp_sleep_enable_timer_wakeup(TIME_TO_SLEEP * uS_TO_S_FACTOR);
  Serial.println("Setup ESP32 to sleep for " + String(TIME_TO_SLEEP) +
  " Seconds");

  /*
  Next we decide what all peripherals to shut down/keep on
  By default, ESP32 will automatically power down the peripherals
  not needed by the wakeup source, but if you want to be a poweruser
  this is for you. Read in detail at the API docs
  http://esp-idf.readthedocs.io/en/latest/api-reference/system/deep_sleep.html
  Left the line commented as an example of how to configure peripherals.
  The line below turns off all RTC peripherals in deep sleep.
  */
  //esp_deep_sleep_pd_config(ESP_PD_DOMAIN_RTC_PERIPH, ESP_PD_OPTION_OFF);
  //Serial.println("Configured all RTC Peripherals to be powered down in sleep");

  /*
  Now that we have setup a wake cause and if needed setup the
  peripherals state in deep sleep, we can now start going to
  deep sleep.
  In the case that no wake up sources were provided but deep
  sleep was started, it will sleep forever unless hardware
  reset occurs.
  */

  //esp_wifi_disconnect();
  unsigned long disconnectTime = millis();
  sleepTime = millis();

  unsigned long awakeDuration = sleepTime - wakeupTime;
  Serial.println("awakeDuration " + String(awakeDuration));

   strcpy(deviceTopic,"");
   strcat(deviceTopic,"fleet/");
   strcat(deviceTopic,deviceType);
   strcat(deviceTopic,"/");
   strcat(deviceTopic,deviceId);
   strcat(deviceTopic,"/timers/awakeDuration");

  mqttClient.publish(deviceTopic, 1, true, String(awakeDuration).c_str());
  unsigned long connectDuration = disconnectTime - connectStart;

  Serial.println("connectDuration " + String(connectDuration));

   strcpy(deviceTopic,"");
   strcat(deviceTopic,"fleet/");
   strcat(deviceTopic,deviceType);
   strcat(deviceTopic,"/");
   strcat(deviceTopic,deviceId);
   strcat(deviceTopic,"/timers/connectDuration");
   mqttClient.publish(deviceTopic, 1, true, String(connectDuration).c_str());

  unsigned long successDuration = connectSuccess - connectStart;

  Serial.println("successDuration " + String(successDuration));

   strcpy(deviceTopic,"");
   strcat(deviceTopic,"fleet/");
   strcat(deviceTopic,deviceType);
   strcat(deviceTopic,"/");
   strcat(deviceTopic,deviceId);
   strcat(deviceTopic,"/timers/successDuration");
   mqttClient.publish(deviceTopic, 1, true, String(successDuration).c_str());
    Serial.println("----- Waiting for going to sleep -----");
     delay(5000);
  Serial.println("----- Going to sleep now -----");
  Serial.println();

  Serial.flush();
  esp_deep_sleep_start();
  Serial.println("This will never be printed"); //unreachable code
  }

//battery parameters
#define Fbattery    3700  //The default battery is 3700mv when the battery is fully charged.

float XS = 0.00225;      //The returned reading is multiplied by this XS to get the battery voltage.
uint16_t MUL = 1000;
uint16_t MMUL = 100;

void setup(){

  wake_up_from_deep_sleep();

  //set logging mode
  loggingMode = true;
  //persist the value in the preferences
  put_loggingMode(loggingMode);

  Heltec.begin(true /*DisplayEnable Enable*/, false /*LoRa Enable*/, false /*Serial Enable*/);
  Heltec.display->init();
  Heltec.display->flipScreenVertically();
  Heltec.display->setFont(ArialMT_Plain_10);
  Heltec.display->drawString(0, 0, "WAKE UP");
  Heltec.display->display();
  delay(1);
  Heltec.display->clear();

  //setup WiFi and MQTT connections
  if (wakeupCount == 1) {

  Serial.println("setting up WiFi");
/* XXXXX
  setup_wifi();
XXXXX */
  mqttReconnectTimer = xTimerCreate("mqttTimer", pdMS_TO_TICKS(2000), pdFALSE, (void*)0, reinterpret_cast<TimerCallbackFunction_t>(connectToMqtt));
  wifiReconnectTimer = xTimerCreate("wifiTimer", pdMS_TO_TICKS(2000), pdFALSE, (void*)0, reinterpret_cast<TimerCallbackFunction_t>(connectToWifi));

  WiFi.onEvent(WiFiEvent);

  mqttClient.onConnect(onMqttConnect);
  mqttClient.onDisconnect(onMqttDisconnect);
  mqttClient.onSubscribe(onMqttSubscribe);
  mqttClient.onUnsubscribe(onMqttUnsubscribe);
  mqttClient.onMessage(onMqttMessage);
  mqttClient.onPublish(onMqttPublish);
  mqttClient.setServer(MQTT_HOST, MQTT_PORT);

  //find a way to use a unique MQTT clientId, the broker uses the clientId and does not need action by the user
  //see e.g.: https://www.cloudmqtt.com/blog/mqtt-what-is-client-id.html
  //you can re-use the MQTT clientId as an Id for the cloud service. Look up, if it can be retrieved automatically from messa content
  //otherwise the device may have to send the clientId to the cloud service
  //investigate if chipID or boardId is unique

  mqttClient.setClientId(deviceId);

  // If your broker requires authentication (username and password), set them below
  mqttClient.setCredentials(MQTT_USER, MQTT_PASSWORD);
  connectToWifi(); //and MQTT broker
  }
  else {
    Serial.println("alternative WiFi connect");
    /* XXXXX
    setup_wifi();
    XXXXX */
    mqttReconnectTimer = xTimerCreate("mqttTimer", pdMS_TO_TICKS(2000), pdFALSE, (void*)0, reinterpret_cast<TimerCallbackFunction_t>(connectToMqtt));
    wifiReconnectTimer = xTimerCreate("wifiTimer", pdMS_TO_TICKS(2000), pdFALSE, (void*)0, reinterpret_cast<TimerCallbackFunction_t>(connectToWifi));

  WiFi.onEvent(WiFiEvent);

  mqttClient.onConnect(onMqttConnect);
  mqttClient.onDisconnect(onMqttDisconnect);
  //mqttClient.onSubscribe(onMqttSubscribe);
  //mqttClient.onUnsubscribe(onMqttUnsubscribe);
  mqttClient.onPublish(onMqttPublish);
  mqttClient.setServer(MQTT_HOST, MQTT_PORT);
  mqttClient.setClientId(deviceId);

  //messages to the board do not arrive after wake-up
  //have a look at "clean sessions" vs "persistent sessions"

  mqttClient.setCleanSession(false);  //for interrupted sessions

  // If your broker requires authentication (username and password), set them below
   mqttClient.setCredentials(MQTT_USER, MQTT_PASSWORD);
  connectToWifi(); //and MQTT broker
    }

  Serial.println("Wait for WiFi... ");
  while (WiFi.status() != WL_CONNECTED) { }
  connectSuccess = millis();
  Serial.println("WIFI CONNECTED");
  while (mqttClient.connected() == false) { }
  Serial.println("MQTT CONNECTED");

   strcpy(deviceTopic,"");
   strcat(deviceTopic,"fleet/");
   strcat(deviceTopic,deviceType);
   strcat(deviceTopic,"/deviceId");

   //report deviceId to cloud service
   uint16_t packetIdPubx = mqttClient.publish(deviceTopic, 2, true, deviceId);
   Serial.printf("Publishing on topic %s at QoS 1, packetId: %i", deviceTopic, packetIdPubx);

    // DO SOMETHING USEFUL in setup
  Serial.println("something useful in setup()");
   //prepare ADC for battery voltage measurement
   //analogSetClockDiv(255); // 1338mS
   analogSetCycles(8);                   // Set number of cycles per sample, default is 8 and provides an optimal result, range is 1 - 255
   analogSetSamples(1);                  // Set number of samples in the range, default is 1, it has an effect on sensitivity has been multiplied
   analogSetClockDiv(1);                 // Set the divider for the ADC clock, default is 1, range is 1 - 255
   analogSetAttenuation(ADC_11db);       // Sets the input attenuation for ALL ADC inputs, default is ADC_11db, range is ADC_0db, ADC_2_5db, ADC_6db, ADC_11db
   analogSetPinAttenuation(36,ADC_11db); // Sets the input attenuation, default is ADC_11db, range is ADC_0db, ADC_2_5db, ADC_6db, ADC_11db
   analogSetPinAttenuation(37,ADC_11db);
                                        // ADC_0db provides no attenuation so IN/OUT = 1 / 1 an input of 3 volts remains at 3 volts before ADC measurement
                                        // ADC_2_5db provides an attenuation so that IN/OUT = 1 / 1.34 an input of 3 volts is reduced to 2.238 volts before ADC measurement
                                        // ADC_6db provides an attenuation so that IN/OUT = 1 / 2 an input of 3 volts is reduced to 1.500 volts before ADC measurement
                                        // ADC_11db provides an attenuation so that IN/OUT = 1 / 3.6 an input of 3 volts is reduced to 0.833 volts before ADC measurement
//   adcAttachPin(VP);                     // Attach a pin to ADC (also clears any other analog mode that could be on), returns TRUE/FALSE result
//   adcStart(VP);                         // Starts an ADC conversion on attached pin's bus
//   adcBusy(VP);                          // Check if conversion on the pin's ADC bus is currently running, returns TRUE/FALSE result
//   adcEnd(VP);

   adcAttachPin(36);
   adcAttachPin(37);

   //WiFi LoRa 32        -- hardare versrion ≥ 2.3
   //WiFi Kit 32         -- hardare versrion ≥ 2
   //Wireless Stick      -- hardare versrion ≥ 2.3
   //Wireless Stick Lite -- hardare versrion ≥ 2.3
   //Battery voltage read pin changed from GPIO13 to GPI37

   delay(100);

   //measure ????? voltage on pin 36
   adcStart(36);
   while(adcBusy(36));

   //publish ????? voltage

   uint16_t c2  =  analogRead(36)*0.769 + 150;
   adcEnd(36);
   Serial.printf("voltage input on GPIO 36: ");
   Serial.println(analogRead(36));

   strcpy(deviceTopic,"");
   strcat(deviceTopic,"fleet/");
   strcat(deviceTopic,deviceType);
   strcat(deviceTopic,"/");
   strcat(deviceTopic,deviceId);
   strcat(deviceTopic,"/Vin");
   uint16_t packetIdPub0 = mqttClient.publish(deviceTopic, 1, true, String(c2).c_str());

   //uint16_t packetIdPub0 = mqttClient.publish(deviceTopic, 2, true, "HELLO");
   Serial.printf("Publishing on topic %s at QoS 1, packetId: %i", deviceTopic, packetIdPub0);
   Serial.printf("Message: %.2f \n", c2);

   strcpy(deviceTopic,"");
   strcat(deviceTopic,"fleet/");
   strcat(deviceTopic,deviceType);
   strcat(deviceTopic,"/");
   strcat(deviceTopic,deviceId);
   strcat(deviceTopic,"/topic1");

   uint16_t packetIdPubt = mqttClient.publish(deviceTopic, 1, true, "device specific info");
   Serial.printf("Pablishing on topic %s at QoS 1, packetId: %i", deviceTopic, packetIdPubt);
   Serial.printf("Message: %s \n", "device specific info");

      Serial.println("-------------");
   //measure battery voltage on pin 37
   adcStart(37);
   while(adcBusy(37));
   uint16_t c  =  analogRead(37)*XS*MUL;
   adcEnd(37);

   //publish battery voltage
   Serial.println(analogRead(37));

   strcpy(deviceTopic,"");
   strcat(deviceTopic,"fleet/");
   strcat(deviceTopic,deviceType);
   strcat(deviceTopic,"/");
   strcat(deviceTopic,deviceId);
   strcat(deviceTopic,"/Vbat");

   uint16_t packetIdPuba = mqttClient.publish(deviceTopic, 2, true, String(c).c_str());
   //uint16_t packetIdPuba = mqttClient.publish(deviceTopic, 1, true, "HELLO");
   Serial.printf("Publishing on topic %s at QoS 1, packetId: %i", deviceTopic, packetIdPuba);
   Serial.printf("Message: %.2f \n", c);

   Heltec.display->drawString(0, 0, "Remaining battery still has:");
   Heltec.display->drawString(0, 10, "Vbat =");
   Heltec.display->drawString(35, 10, (String)c);
   Heltec.display->drawString(60, 10, "(mV)");

   Heltec.display->drawString(0, 20, "Vin   = ");
   Heltec.display->drawString(33, 20, (String)c2);
   Heltec.display->drawString(60, 20, "(mV)");

   Heltec.display->display();

  delay(100);
  //delay(10000); // long delay for visibility in network device list
  if (enabled_sleepmode) {prepare_and_go_for_sleep();}
}

void loop(){
  //This is not going to be called when going to sleep in setup()
  // DO SOMETHING USEFUL in loop
    Serial.println("something useful in loop()");
    delay(1000);
  //prepare_and_go_for_sleep();
}

A: While in deep sleep the broker is going to mark the client as offline.
Setting the Clean Session flag to false is a good start, but you will also need to make sure you have subscribed at QOS 1 or 2 not 0 so the broker knows to queue the messages while the client is offline.

A: When you enter deep-sleep your connections are dropped and the server may decide to mark your node as offline.
You subscribe to topics with different QoS'. Some subscriptions use QoS 0, which tells the broker to try to send messages into those topics just once, without retries.
If you specify QoS 1 or QoS 2, the broker will try to resend those messages when it detects your node is alive again.
There is a standards compliant project that you could find handy for debugging your device, MQTTnet, you can implement a very simple broker with it, enable its logging support, and play with its parameters. It can provide nice and clear clues, yet you'll need VisualStudio, the community editions works well, and some C# knowledge.

A: It might be possible that the behaviour that I observe is due to the limitations of the client. See: this link. Any comments on that?
If this limitation is really the cause, I don't have to pursue this path further.
Thanks

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
January, Year 9 AE
"Uh-oh," Ian Arnstein said.
"Thunderclouds," Doreen agreed, looking at the Commodore as she lowered her binoculars. The full African lips were clamped tight, the eyes narrowed… more than the bright sun of a tropical morning warranted.
"Mom?" David said. "Why's Aunt Marian looking so mad?"
"Shhhhh."
The Nantucket oupost on the uninhabited island of Mauritius was one of a chain the Republic was founding as time and resources permitted, nails to stake down a claim to a global thassalocracy of seaborn trade and influence. Eventually it was supposed to be a jumping-off point for the settlement of the giant and equally human-empty island of Madagascar to the west, and a base for trade throughout the Indian Ocean. The flotilla was two weeks out of a similar hamlet at the site of Cape Town, officially known as Mandela Base. That had met with Marian Alston's approval; neat little earth-and-turf fort, pier, warehouses, sawmill, smithy, tavern, a bored-log pipe to bring water down to the ships from a spring on Table Mountain, and half a dozen farms up the Liesbeck river to supply fresh produce.
The Islander ships stood in on an easting breeze, their sun-faded canvas white against the brilliant blue of the Indian Ocean, only a trace of white foam at their bows as they ghosted along at five knots. Eastward was a broad natural harbor where a river ran down to a silver-sand beach. Beyond rose mountains, densely green in the foreground, fading to blue-green as they rolled away inland. Green was the overwhelming first impression, huge broad-leaf trees growing almost to the water's edge, and dark mangroves whereever a mud-flat allowed; the white of sails, gray of hulls, and the broad red diagonal slash of the Guard along the ship's flanks were the only manmade color to break it. The settlement had run a pier into out into the deep water, made of upright ebony logs and looking massively solid. On shore…
Half-built, Ian decided; that was the best way to describe it. A couple of biggish buildings of dark basalt rock, but one of them had only the skeleton of a roof, and some of the tiles were missing on the other. A windmill by the river looked broken, its vanes unmoving. Logs lay in untidy piles, and the patches of cleared land were weedy. Here and there were the signs of frantic last-minute effort that only served to make the rest seem more slovenly.
"By the mark, ten! By the mark, nine!" the leadsman standing braced in the bowsprit netting said, whirling the leadline around her head and throwing it far out to plop into the greening water. "By the mark… Christ, by the mark, seven. By the mark, six!"
"Captain Nguyen, I suggest you strike all sail," Marian Alston said tightly. "Signal to the flotilla. I'm not fully confident in the bouys marking the channel, here."
The officer nodded curtly, gave orders. Feet thundered on the Eagle's crowded deck, and teams bent to pull on ropes. Many of them included Marines; the soldiers of the Expeditionary Force had taken to helping out on the long voyage. The men and women clambering aloft in the ratlines all wore the blue sailor-suits of the Guard; that was specialist work, hard and skilled and a little dangerous even in calm weather. They swarmed out along the yards and bent over them, gathering up armfuls of sail as the clewlines hoisted them up.
"Put your backs into it!" called a petty officer from the boats towing Eagle up to the dock. The dark-blue water was fading to green as they neared the shore, and white foam curled as the ashwood oars stroked into it.
More thick ropes flew out, the loops were fastened around bollards, deck teams heaved. The steel flank of the big windjammer kissed the coconut-fiber baffles. Further out sails furled up to yards and anchors splashed, whistles sounded and the steaming ensigns came down, the national flag breaking out at the tops; he could see the party that stood ready to greet them on the dock bracing. Some had sickly smiles, others expressionless mask-faces. The gangplank swung out and thumped down; Ian used Councilor's rank shamelessly, crowding in behind the initial quartet of Commodore Alston, Swindapa, Colonel Hollard, Major Hollard and Captain Nguyen of the Eagle. A bell rang from the quarterdeck.
"Eagle departing!"
"Welcome, Commodore," the commandant of Mauritius Base said.
Marian Alston returned his salute. He was a heavyset man in his early forties, balding, and sweating until his scalp glistened through thinning black hair, dressed in shorts and sandals and loose shirt.
Might be the heat making him sweat, Ian thought. It was in the eighties. Mebbe not. He put Jared Cofflin's dry, skeptical Yankee voice to the thought.
"We've a luncheon laid on," the man — Marvin Lockley, he remembered — began.
"Later," Alston snapped. "I think we need to have a discussion, Mr. Lockley."
Not using his militia rank, Ian noted.
She turned. "Colonel Hollard, Captain Nguyen, please see to disembarking the troops and passengers," she went on in a flat even tone that anyone who knew her knew for the danger-signal it was.
She turned on one heel and strode away, the luckless Lockley trailing in her wake. Ian followed, looking about. A cat lay in the shade of a thatched hut, nursing kittens. For a moment he accepted the sight, then grunted in shock.
That litter are half a dozen feral cats in the making, he thought. Dane Sweet will have kittens himself. — the Councilor for Conservation had been nervous about colonizing the home of the dodo anyway, and he and his faction had insisted on safeguards. Which, evidently, Mr. Lockely had let slip. A pregnant Fiernan girl waved to them; she was wearing nothing but a palm-frond hat and driving a sow ahead of her with a stick. Feral pigs, too. They were supposed to be strictly penned. A man in ragged shorts sat propped against a wall, a jug beside him…
"I notice that the water-furrow and sawmill are incomplete," Alston said, in a conversational tone.
"Ah… we've had some difficulties… hard to get parts…"
"I see. I think we should discuss this, Commandant."
They turned into what was evidently the commandant's quarters, a series of thatched rondavels. Swindapa halted outside, and made a sign to Ian and Doreen; they did likewise, and shushed their son. Voices came from within. He couldn't follow them for the most part, not until near the end, when Alston's voice rose to a quarterdeck bellow:
"– this may be an island, and it may be a tropical island, BUT IT ISN'T GILLIGAN'S GOD-DAMNED ISLAND, YOU HEAR ME, MISTER?"
A moment later they came out; Lockley was gray-white under his tan, and shaking. Alston stood blinking in the sunlight for a second. The troops on Eagle were filing ashore, then being dismissed; they broke up into a chattering clot, some staggering with their lost land-legs, others running and whooping and wrestling in the best cure for that. The civilian technicians and specialists and their families followed. Her eyes came to rest on Lucy and Heather, and a little of the stiffness went out of her shoulders.
"Mr. Nguyen," she said.
The Vietnamese-American officer came to attention as the Commodore went on: "Mr. Lockley has decided to resign his position here and ship out on Eagle as a foremast hand. Rate him 'seaman recruit' and see that he's assigned some fatigues."
"Yes, ma'am."
"Ms. Stearns."
The former commandant's second-in-command swallowed and braced herself. "Ma'am?"
"In the light of Mr. Lockley's resignation, I'm provisionally appointing you Commandant of Mauritius Base. With the Expeditionary Force and the crews, we have more than a thousand pairs of hands here; we ought to be able to get things shipshape in fairly short order." A pause. "Shouldn't we?"
"Good." She sighed. "Now, let's see about that lunch."
Doreen gave him a silent whistle behind the Commodore's back and waggled a hand. Ian nodded agreement. As they walked away, Swindapa dropped back beside them for a moment.
"Ian," she said, frowning slightly. "Who's Gilligan?"
"Let go, and haul!"
A squared ebony log jerked up off the pier, then swung out over the deck of the Eagle as the yard acting as crane pivoted on the mast.
"Heave… ho! Heave… ho!"
"Handsomely there, handsomely!"
Lighter lines on each end of the baulk of timber guided it through the rigging and down into the hold; profane cries greeted it, as the line team on the dock let it down a little too handsomely. Captain Nguyen lowered his speaking trumpet and turned to Marian Alston.
"That's the last of them, Commodore," he said with quiet pride. He bent a critical eye on his ship. "I'm glad we finally got around to installing a proper hold. She trims well, even so."
"That she does, although I'd like to see her under way," Alston said. "She's a little by the stern."
"Better that than dead-level, I'd been meaning to come at the ballast and shift it a bit anyway. Less likely to press her forefoot down under full sail that way."
"She's your baby," Alston agreed, supressing an inner pang. Promoted away from ship command, God-dammit, she thought. Then: do your job.
"That's the last of the cargo loaded, and we're wooded and watered," Nguyen said. He nodded to the other ships of the flotilla. "Ready to sail with the evening tide, ma'am."
"Well, we're not in that much of a hurry," Alston said. Theoretically, the stopover on Mauritius was supposed to rest the expeditionary force's people before the action at the end of it. Instead they'd spent an efortful week getting the base itself shipshape.
"Watch crews only," she went on. "We'll give everyone a day or two of leave, then get under way. Morning tide on Monday — 0900 hours. Lieutenant-Commander, pass the word."
"Yes, ma'am," Swindapa said, with the faintest ghostly hint of a wink, conscientiously marking it in the daybook to be issued as a General Order.
Cheers and flung hats rose to the sky as Nguyen announced it, and then exchanged salutes with the Commodore. Alston removed her billed cap, sighed, and ran fingers over damp forehead and close-cropped hair as they walked back up the single street of the little settlement. Sweat stung her palm, despite the callus put there by rope and sword; everyone had pitched in for the past week.
"Looks better," Swindapa said.
Alston nodded. It did; the major buildings were all completed, the sawmill in action, livestock neatly penned, and the hollow-log aquaduct had filled the casks and tanks of each ship in turn as they were warped in to the dock. Good spring water too, not likely to go bad out in the middle of nowhere. Hollard's Marines were still hard at work putting the finishing touches on the fort, putting in stone retaining walls below the earth ramparts. The Colonel was lending a hand himself, stripped to the waist, sweat-shining skin rippling as he heaved an eighty-pound block into position. She caught Swindapa's frank look of appreciation and mock-scowled, a half-playful expression.
"Just looking," the Fiernan said. "I look at girls, too."
"As long as it's strictly a visual relationship," Alston chuckled. She added: "He's setting a good example for his troops."
"I had to look — it's professional and visual," Swindapa said, and winked.
Alston's expression softened into a smile as they came to the circle of children sitting under a tall slender tree with a silvery-gray trunk — a tambalacoque. Doreen Arnstein was taking the class, pointing alternately to a live dodo in a wicker cage and to a diagram on the portable blackboard. There were a round three dozen youngsters; mostly children of the technicians attached to the Expeditionary Force. This was a long-term project, and you couldn't expect people to leave their children behind for an indefinite stay.
They waited for a moment while the Assistant Councilor for Foreign Affairs finished her rundown on evolutionary biology; younger children were practicing the alphabet on their slates. Nantucket's still small enough to be informal, Alston thought. I like that. It was also small enough that Martha Cofflin had managed to thoroughly revamp the curriculum, and as a parent she liked that even better — they saw eye-to-eye on phonics and drill, and even Lisa Gerrard had come around on most of it.
Gerrard's not a bad Councilor, Alston thought. Just a bit stubborn. She'd even shed most of her prejudices. After nearly nine years of working with a real, live, breathing, capital-L Lesbian. Just about stopped expecting me to display a forked tail and horns.
The class broke up. Heather and Lucy came running, and Alston crouched, grabbed the redhead under her arms and swung her up.
"do Jesus, either you're getting heavy or I'm getting older!" she said.
"Hey, mom, did you know these gonzo birds could fly once but they got too lazy?" Heather said.
"No, it was their 'cestors who could fly," Lucy said from Swindapa's shoulders. "That's why you get sunburnt and I don't. 'cause of your 'cestors. It's evolutionary adoption."
"That's adaptation," Swindapa corrected.
"Like I said, mom."
Heather stuck out her tongue at her sister, and Alston felt her heart turn over inside her. Nice to know what you're fighting for.
Fires starred the nighted beach, curving out to the north. Behind them the forest rustled, breathing a mild green breath out to meet the sea. Foam hissed up the sand to the high-tide line of wrack and seaweed, and crabs scuttled about, their claws making tiny chickchickchick sounds in the damp sand. Ian Arnstein pulled a skewer of shrimp and vegetables off the grill that rested over the fire and juggled it a minute before biting into the rich nutty-flavored meat. A cherry tomato popped in his mouth with a burst of flavor, just this side of painfully hot.
"At least Lockley didn't screw up the fishing or the gardens too badly," he said, looking up.
The stars were huge and bright and very many, the milky way a crusted diamond belt across the heavens. I still get surprised at that, he thought. He'd been a child of cities all his life long until the Event, raised in LA's glowing bath of electric light. Even Nantucketers born had been startled at how different the night sky looked without fluorescent streetlamps.
Marian was lying back on a blanket a little further from the fire, with her head in Swindapa's lap. She stretched and wriggled her shoulders as she answered:
"No, he liked eating too much. Ah told Jared not to appoint him."
"Too many friends with pull in the Meeting," Ian said, and Alston snorted.
"Jared's got to make compromises like that now and then," Doreen said. "Or we'd have someone like Emma Carson as Chief. Which God forbid."
"Carson! do Jesus, no!" Marian said. "I told him I couldn't do his job once, and I was right."
"Moon Woman set a star against it," Swindapa said. She snagged a skewer herself and waved it through the air to cool it for a moment, then began to pluck morsels off, popping some into her own mouth and dropping others into her partner's. "Honestly, though, sometimes you — we — Eagle People act as if it was harvest season all the time. There's more to living than doing things every moment."
"When you're plannin' a war, sugar, it is harvest season all the time," Alston said a little grimly.
"I know, my bin'H0tse-khwon," the Fiernan sighed. "Let's go swim. Nawakwa'URtogsazai!"
They rose, dropped their robes and ran down towards the water hand-in-hand.
Doreen smiled at her husband. "You know, sometimes I wish I could stop worrying and live for the moment as thoroughly as Swindapa does."
He nodded. "Odd she ended up with Marian," he said. Who's a worrywart if ever there was one.
Further down the beach Marines and sailors were singing; Barbara Allen from the sound of the tune, but it was too far to be sure. "Feel like a swim?" he asked.
"Tired?"
"Not really," Doreen grinned. "But there's a really nice little glade about fifty yards thataway."
Island in the Sea of Time
On the Oceans of Eternity
Blood Wolf


text:
Ranked: The 35 Vehicles With the Longest Production Runs
Visualizing the Longest Vehicle Production Runs
Over the automotive industry's 100+ year history, companies such as Ford, Chevrolet, and Mercedes-Benz have produced some truly iconic cars.
Whether they're designed for excitement, luxury, or just simple transportation, these vehicles offer a set of features that make them highly desirable to consumers. The most successful models will undergo numerous revisions over time, sometimes sticking around for many decades.
To learn more, this graphic from Alan's Factory Outlet lists the 35 vehicles with the longest production runs of all time. Here are the top 10 below.
Production Run (years)
🇺🇸 Chevrolet Suburban SUV 86
🇺🇸 Ford F-Series Pickup truck 74
🇩🇪 Volkswagen Transporter Van 71
🇯🇵 Toyota Land Cruiser SUV 70
🇺🇸 Chevrolet Corvette Sports car 68
🇩🇪 Mercedes-Benz S-Class Sedan 67
🇯🇵 Toyota Crown Sedan 66
🇯🇵 Nissan Skyline Sedan 64
🇬🇧 Mini Mini Hatchback 62
🇩🇪 Porsche 911 Sports car 58
As we can see, successful models come in many shapes and sizes, and from a variety of manufacturers. Below, we'll take a deeper dive to learn more about what makes these cars special.
Ford began selling its first pickup truck in 1925, which was essentially a Model T with a flatbed in the rear. This layout was very useful because it enabled people to transport cargo, raw materials, and other items with relative ease.
Then, in 1948, Ford introduced the F-series pickup. The truck became one of Ford's most well-known and profitable models, and is currently in its 14th generation.
While the fundamental shape of the F-series hasn't changed, Ford's best-selling model owes much of its success to its constant innovation and technological improvements.
In 2015, the F-150 became the first fullsize pickup to feature an all-aluminum body. This reduced the truck's weight by as much as 500 pounds, resulting in better fuel economy and driving dynamics.
Ford is also credited with bringing turbocharged engines into the mainstream (within the pickup segment). This first-mover advantage gave the F-Series a competitive edge in terms of fuel efficiency and torque.
First introduced in 1953, the Chevrolet Corvette is regarded as America's most iconic sports car. It has a reputation for offering similar performance as its more expensive foreign rivals, and combines unique styling elements with a successful motorsport background.
For most of its history, the Corvette was a rear-wheel drive coupe with a V-8 engine placed in the front. It also featured pop-up headlights for several generations, but the design was eventually phased out due to stricter regulations.
Chevrolet drastically changed the formula of the Corvette for its eighth generation, which launched in 2020. The engine is no longer in the front of the car, but instead, placed directly behind the occupants.
This mid-engine layout results in a Corvette with significantly different proportions than its predecessors. Because a bulk of the car's weight is now located more centrally, the C8 should (in theory) offer better traction and balance.
Few cars have undergone such large changes to their fundamental design philosophy, but the move appears to have worked—production is far from meeting demand.
The S-Class from Mercedes is widely recognized as the global benchmark for full-size luxury sedans. Since its introduction in the 1950s, the S-Class has continuously introduced new innovations that improve comfort and safety.
The 1959 S-Class (dubbed W111) was the first production car with crumple zones front and rear. Crumple zones are structural elements that absorb the impact of a collision.
The 1978 S-Class (W116) introduced electronic anti-lock brakes (ABS). This system prevents tires from locking up under sudden braking and is included on every modern car.
The 1991 S-Class (W140) was the first car to feature double-glazed windows, which improves insulation while reducing road noise.
The 2021 S-Class (W223) introduced the world's first rear-seat airbag.
One of the most important aspects of a luxury car is its interior, and the S-class has come a long way since its first iteration.
The interior of the latest S-Class features active ambient lighting that can visually reinforce any warnings generated by the car's driving assistance systems. The cabin also features MBUX Interior Assist, which can read motion commands (such as hand movements) by the driver.
The car's center console is dominated by a single large screen—a trend that was first introduced by the Tesla Model S.
Big Changes in Store
Global governments have announced a ban on the sale of new gasoline cars by as early as 2030. This foreshadows a great shift towards battery power and gives automakers the opportunity to reimagine their most iconic models.
For example, the Ford Mustang Mach-E is an all-electric SUV that borrows both the name and styling of the brand's famous pony car. The company also recently launched an electric version of the F-150, called the F-150 Lightning.
German brands are taking a different approach by creating a completely new range for their EV models. This includes the Audi e-tron, BMW i, and Mercedes EQ lineups. This implies that their existing gasoline-powered models could be coming to an end.
Related Topics:Carsautomotivecarlongest productioncar modeliconic carautomotive industry
24 Cognitive Biases That Are Warping Your Perception of Reality
How Has Car Safety Improved Over 60 Years?
The Decline of U.S. Car Production
Comparing Tesla's Spending on R&D and Marketing Per Car to Other Automakers
The Best Selling Vehicles in America, By State
10 Travel Destinations for Post-Pandemic Life
Excited to get back to travelling the world? This infographic highlights the 10 most popular tourist destinations.
On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization formally classified the COVID-19 outbreak as a pandemic. The resulting travel bans decimated the tourism industry, and international air travel initially fell by as much as 98%.
Almost two years later, travel is finally back on the table, though there are many restrictions to consider. Regardless, a survey conducted in September 2021 found that, as things revert to normalcy, 82% of Americans are looking forward to international travel more than anything else.
To give inspiration for your next vacation (whenever that may be), this infographic lists the 10 most visited countries in 2019, as well as three of their top attractions according to Google Maps.
Here were the 10 most popular travel destinations in 2019, measured by their number of international arrivals.
Number of international arrivals in 2019 (millions)
🇫🇷 France* 90.0
🇪🇸 Spain 83.5
🇺🇸 U.S. 79.3
🇨🇳 China 65.7
🇮🇹 Italy 64.5
🇹🇷 Turkey 51.2
🇲🇽 Mexico 45.0
🇹🇭 Thailand 39.8
🇩🇪 Germany 39.6
🇬🇧 United Kingdom 39.4
*Estimate | Source: World Bank
France was the most popular travel destination by a significant margin, and it's easy to see why. The country is home to many of the world's most renowned sights, including the Arc de Triomphe and Louvre Museum.
The Arc de Triomphe was built in the early 1800s, and honors those who died in the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars. In 1944, Allied soldiers marched through the monument after Paris was liberated from the Nazis.
The Louvre Museum, on the other hand, is often recognized by its giant glass pyramid. The museum houses over 480,000 works of art, including Leonardo da Vinci's Mona Lisa.
Art isn't the only thing that France has to offer. The country has a reputation for culinary excellence, and is home to 632 Michelin-starred restaurants, the most out of any country. Japan comes in at second, with 413.
After seeing the sights in Paris, you may want to consider a visit to Spain. The country is the southern neighbor of France and is known for its beautiful villages and beaches.
One of its most impressive sights is the Sagrada Familia, a massive 440,000 square feet church which began construction in 1882, and is still being worked on today (139 years in the making). The video below shows the structure's striking evolution.
At a height of 172 meters, the Sagrada Familia is approximately 52 stories tall.
Another popular spot is Ibiza, an island off the coast of Spain that is famous for its robust nightlife scene. The island is frequently mentioned in pop culture—Netflix released an adventure/romance movie titled Ibiza in 2018, and the remix of Mike Posner's song I Took a Pill in Ibiza has over 1.4 billion views on YouTube.
Beaches Galore
If you're looking for something outside of Europe, consider Mexico or Thailand, which are the 7th and 8th most popular travel destinations. Both offer hot weather and an abundance of white sand beaches.
If you need even more convincing, check out these links:
The 13 Best Beaches in Mexico
The Best Resorts in Mexico: 2021 Reader's Choice
The Best Night Markets in Bangkok, Thailand
The Best Rooftop Bars in Bangkok
Expect Turbulence
Under normal circumstances, hundreds of billions of dollars are spent each year by international tourists. According to the World Travel & Tourism Council (WTCC), this spending accounted for an impressive 10.4% of global GDP in 2019.
Travel restrictions introduced in 2020 dealt a serious blow to the industry, reducing its share of global GDP to 5.5%, and wiping out an estimated 62 million jobs. While the WTCC believes these jobs could return by 2022, the emerging Omicron variant has already prompted many countries to tighten restrictions once again.
To avoid headaches in the future, make sure you fully understand the rules and restrictions of where you're heading.
Which Values Children Should Be Encouraged to Learn, By Country
Which qualities do people think are most important for children to learn? The answer differs from country to country.
Many of the values we prioritize as adults were instilled in us during our childhood days.
They're called our formative years for a reason—from when we're born up until we're about eight years old, our brains are easily molded and remain highly sensitive to external influences and environments. But depending on where you grew up, you may have been exposed to different values during your childhood compared to someone from another place.
These visualizations by Anders Sundell illustrate the most important values people think children should learn at home, across more than 80 different countries.
Sundell used data from the World Values Survey, an international survey that interviews hundreds of thousands of participants from across the globe. Respondents were asked to pick up to five qualities they believe are the most desirable for children to have:
Feeling of responsibility
Tolerance and respect for other people
Thrift, saving money
Determination and perseverance
Religious faith
Unselfishness
Sundell took the survey data and calculated the proportion of people in each country that selected each quality. From there, he took the top qualities and created three separate plot graphs to show the contrast between them.
Let's look at the importance that countries placed on different values, including (1) independence and obedience, (2) unselfishness and religious faith, and (3) hard work and imagination.
1. Independence vs Obedience
Nordic countries value independence greatly, and find obedience to be a less important quality to instill in children.
View the full-size infographic
Other available data also supports that adults in Nordic countries value independence. According to Eurostat, the most common age to leave home in Sweden is between 17 and 18—nearly a decade sooner than the average age across the EU (26 years old).
Denmark's average age to leave home is also below the European average, at 21 years old.
On the other end of the spectrum, countries like Iraq and Egypt believe obedience is much more important for children to learn.
2. Unselfishness vs Religious Faith
Bangladesh, Egypt, and Jordan all place a strong emphasis on faith, and fall on the far right of this graph.
Islam is a strong influence in all three of these countries. In Bangladesh and Jordan, it's the official state religion. And while Egypt is a secular country, a majority of citizens identify as Muslim—about 90% of the population.
Interestingly, places like the U.S. and Hong Kong fall right in the between, placing relatively equal importance on religion and unselfishness.
3. Hard Work vs Imagination
Left-leaning Nordic countries like Sweden, Norway, Denmark, and Finland think imagination is more important for children to learn than hard work.
Interestingly, Japan also scored high for imagination, seeing it was a more important value to teach children than hard work. This is despite the fact that the country has an international reputation for being a hardworking country, where even taking an extended vacation can be frowned upon. Then again, Japan has a reputation for producing wildly creative works of art that are popular internationally (anime, for instance).
As expected, countries and cultures contain multitudes, and can often seem paradoxical and complex to those who try to codify them.
What qualities do you think are most important, and what countries surprised you with their placements?


text:
Last edited by Zugrel
4 edition of Rural Hmong populations in western Washington State found in the catalog.
Rural Hmong populations in western Washington State
the consequences of migration for nutrtional status and growth
Published 1982 by Southeast Asian Refugee Studies Project, Center for Urban and Regional Affairs, University of Minnesota in Minneapolis, Minn .
Hmong (Asian people) -- Washington (State) -- Nutrition,
Hmong (Asian people) -- Washington (State) -- Diet,
Hmong (Asian people) -- Washington (State) -- Emigration and immigration,
Lao (Tai people) -- Washington (State)
Other titles Hmong in the West.
Statement Marshall G. Hurlich.
Series Publication (University of Minnesota. Center for Urban and Regional Affairs) -- no. CURA 82-1., HRAF -- 26.
Contributions University of Minnesota. Southeast Asian Refugee Studies Project.
Pagination p. 320-352
Jack Rabbit Populations Are Under Study In Washington State RICHLAND, Wash. – Ecologists are losing sleep over jack rabbits. The tall-eared . The Hmong people (RPA: Hmoob/Hmoob, Hmong pronunciation:) are an ethnic group in East and Southeast are a sub-group of the Miao people, and live mainly in Southern China, Vietnam and have been members of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization (UNPO) since During the first and second Indochina Wars, France and the United States' Central Intelligence China: ~ million.
Hmong Student Profile - July, Source: Institutional Research, Assessment and Planning at Fresno State United States Census Estimates. Total Hmong in the United States: , (0/7% of ,,). California Used from April 28 to Septem , the Puyallup Assembly Center was located in a small rural community about 35 miles south of Seattle. Also known as "Camp Harmony," the assembly center was built on the grounds and surrounding acres of the Western Washington State Fairgrounds.
the third largest state with Hmong population of 38, compared to the Census data of 33, and the October Wisconsin Department of Workforce Development Bureau of Migrant, Refugee, Labor & Services estimated data of 49, 11 12,13,14 10 8 9 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 The "Qeej" pronounced roughly "cane" is a musical instrument made out of six. Zillow homes for sale in Washington matching. View listing photos, review sales history, and use our detailed real estate filters to find the perfect place.
The Corporate Culture Handbook
Multiattribute judgements under uncertainty
Robert Harley, Earl Of Oxford, Prime Minister, 1710-1714
1997 Annual Book of Astm Standards
More than allegory
Coming Together as Readers
Prentice Hall Literature Transparency Sampler
Airport/FBO Directory from AC-U-KWIK (Flight Planning)
Synthetic pyrethroids
Dialogues with Davidson
Logic of the fall
survey atlas of England and Wales
Bocuse a la carte
Travels in the Crimea, and along the shores of the Black Sea, performed during the year 1803
Employment of political scientists in junior-community colleges
Prehistory and paleoenvironments of the Silvies Plateau, Harney Basin, southeastern Oregon
Rural Hmong populations in western Washington State Download PDF EPUB FB2
Population estimates. Age, sex, race and Hispanic origin data; April 1 official population estimates; Components of population change; History; Housing; Population density. Population density by census block; Population density by county; Population density criteria for rural assistance; Population density in Washington law; Small areas.
InRCW was revised to include a rural county definition based on population density. In this legislation, "rural county" was defined as" a county with a population density less than persons per square mile." Subsequent legislation expanded the definition to include" a county smaller than two hundred twenty-five square miles.".
Networks for Washington State Small Farms 2. Resources for Latino Farmers in Washington State 3. Resources for Hmong Farmers in Washington State. Running A Successful Farm Business. Licensing 2. Financing Your Farm 3.
Taxes 4. Insurance 5. Labor on the Farm. Direct Marketing Strategies. Direct Marketing in Washington State Size: 2MB. The Hmong in the West: observations and reports: papers of the Hmong Research Conference, University of Minnesota Author: Bruce T Downing ; Douglas P Olney ; University of Minnesota.
According to the U.S. Census, innearlyHmong refugees were in the U.S., making them one of the largest refugee ethnic groups in the nation.
Regionally, a large Hmong farming community resides in western Washington State. Many of these refugees engage in. We hope as a community to provide more resources, opportunities and a voice for the Hmong ipants in the survey must identify as a Hmong person, be 25 years or younger and live in the state of Washington.
We will be giving away two Hmong wooden chains from the project Street Stops and Mountain Tops to participants of the survey. The Hmong population in the US has grown since According to the US census, there are more thanHmong living in the US. New waves of Hmong immigrants are re-settling in the US.
O Hmong have come to the US from Thailand as. Current estimates now show a population of million in the state of Washington, and rapid growth is expected to continue.
This population places Washington as the 13th most populous state in the country, but only 25th in terms of population density.
Assimilating to the American culture was challenging for the Hmong due to their cultural beliefs and lack of exposure to western healthcare. The Hmong believe that illness has either spiritual or. The Washington State Office of Rural Health and Primary Care Office support health systems planning and development in Washington's rural and underserved communities to improve health and healthcare across the life span.
This pilot project investigated agricultural-related safety and health issues among Hmong refugees working on family-operated farms. Novel approaches, namely participatory rural appraisal and photovoice, were used to conduct a qualitative occupational hazard assessment with a group of Hmong farmers in Washington by: 6.
The Hmong Association of Washington is a (c)(3) nonprofit organization. Your donations are tax-deductible, and go toward our activities, which are (a) providing cultural programming for the Hmong New Year, (b) a graduation event which recognizes our graduates and promotes educational awareness within our community, and (c) educational and.
Located in three counties in western Washington. Compared to the Washington state averages, the area population is older, less educated, and more likely to live in poverty.
Population reports high rates of diabetes, heart disease, smoking, obesity, high cholesterol, and. Hmong Books Showing of 78 The Spirit Catches You and You Fall Down: A Hmong Child, Her American Doctors, and the Collision of Two Cultures (Paperback) by.
Anne Fadiman (shelved 55 times as hmong) avg rating — 65, ratings — published Want to Read saving Want to Read. There are around 80 Hmong flower farms in Western Washington, employing between and people, according to the Hmong Association of Washington.
However, in the state with the largest Hmong immigrant population, California, they made up only percent of the foreign-born population.
Back to the top The metropolitan areas with the most Hmong immigrants are the Minneapolis-St. Paul, Minnesota-Wisconsin, area, and. farming network in the western Washington State region via direct contact by the project's Hmong community li-aison (e.g., at community meetings, farming workshops, or at local farmers' markets) or by direct mail advertise-ment flyer.
Individuals were eligible to participate if they were at least 21 years of age, of ethnic Hmong descent. Washington State passed legislationin requiring differential response in the state's public child welfare administration. On January 1,Children's Administration (CA) began providing CPS-FAR, the alternative response to a CPS investigation, in three locations: Aberdeen, Lynnwood, and two zip codes in Spokane.
This paper discusses differences between the Hmong culture and American culture and resulting implications for provision of special education services. The Hmong population in the Fresno County (California) area has consistently grown sincereaching approximat in The major reason that Hmong refugees settled in agricultural Fresno is that, both in China and later in Laos Cited by: 1.
ATTENTION WASHINGTON STATE HMONG HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS The deadline to submit your HAW Education Award application is approaching: June 16th Applications can be found on the links below. Education In our effort to promote higher education, HAW will be offering a $ education award for.
Of theHmong-Americans,or % are Hmong alone, and the remain are mixed Hmong with some other ethnicity or race. The Hmong-American population is among the youngest of all groups in the United States, with the majority being under 30 years old, born afterwith most part-Hmong are under 10 years old.Western Hmong Student Association, Bellingham, Washington.
likes. WHSA (Western Hmong Student Association) was founded in by the Hmong students Followers: New York: Lee & Low Books, The story of the Hmong people and of the story of Dia, a young Hmong refugee, are told through a traditional Hmong story cloth, woven by Dia's aunt and uncle.
Good for grades Donnelly, Nancy D. Changing Lives of Refugee Hmong Women. Seattle: University of Washington Press,
autohelp.club - Rural Hmong populations in western Washington State book © 2020


text:
Charles Bronfman
Founders + Judges
Rebecca Heller
Director + Co-Founder
International Refugee Assistance Project
"For me, tikkun olam has always meant pursuing justice for those who are enslaved, disenfranchised and in danger; shining a light on what is broken in the world; and enlisting people with power to join the fight for the women, men, and children who cannot fight for themselves."
The International Refugee Assistance Project (IRAP) is the legal advocacy organization for refugees and displaced people in need of a safe place to call home.
IRAP's mission is to create and enforce a system of legal and human rights on behalf of refugees and displaced persons, and to mobilize direct legal assistance, litigation, and policy advocacy benefiting over 350,000 vulnerable individuals in search of safety.
IRAP has provided legal aid to over 30,000 individuals from all over the world, whose lives were in immediate danger. IRAP focuses its assistance on those most in need of protection and resettlement: unaccompanied children, women at risk of trafficking or sexual and gender based violence, LGBTI individuals, U.S. military allies, and survivors of torture.
IRAP was the first organization to mobilize more than 1,600 volunteer lawyers at airports around the country to defend the rights of those affected by President Trump's Muslim ban and is named as the lead plaintiff in the first lawsuit filed that challenged the order in its entirety. Since then, IRAP has brought some of the most significant impact litigation benefiting refugees that could maintain pathways to safety for approximately 175,000 individuals. For example, IRAP has won a settlement that could allow 2,700 Central American children to reunite with family members in the United States.
In addition, IRAP has sought and won broad systemic reforms of U.S. and international laws and protocols that have aided over 170,000 displaced persons, including the enactment of twelve pieces of U.S. Congressional legislation. IRAP's model has engaged more than 2,400 law students and lawyers from 30 law schools and over 95 international law firms and multinational corporations in human rights law and advocacy, and fought to win a place for refugee legal aid in the pro bono portfolios of some of the world's most prestigious law firms.
Becca Heller is the Executive Director and co-founder of IRAP. She has received numerous awards in recognition of her work with IRAP, including a MacArthur Fellowship, the Charles Bronfman Prize, the American Constitutional Society David Carliner Public Interest Award, a Skadden Fellowship, a Draper Richards Kaplan Fellowship, an Echoing Green Fellowship, a Gruber Human Rights Fellowship, the South Asian Bar Association of Connecticut Annual Community Service Award and a Dartmouth College Martin Luther King Jr. Emerging Leader in Social Justice Award. She was also named Foreign Policy's Citizen Diplomat of the Year, Politico's Women Rule Summit Ambassador, one of the Christian Science Monitor's "30 under 30" change makers, and is a term member of the Council on Foreign Relations. Becca was a visiting clinical lecturer at Yale Law School from 2010 to 2018, and has also been honored as an Iscol Family Program for Leadership Development in Public Service Lecturer at Cornell University and as a speaker at the Chicago Ideas Week Edison Talk.
Becca's interest in the legal challenges facing refugees began on a trip to Jordan during the summer after her first year in law school. During her stay, she visited with six different refugee families; each of them identified legal assistance as their most urgent need. Having just completed her first semester in Yale Law School's Immigration Legal Services clinic doing asylum work, Becca believed that law students could assist refugees applying for resettlement. She returned to Yale and, together with Jon Finer, Mike Breen, Steve Poellot, and Kate Brubacher, founded IRAP in 2008. Becca received her J.D. from Yale Law School in May 2010.
During law school, she participated in the Worker and Immigrant Rights Advocacy Clinic, the Immigration Legal Services Clinic, and the Lowenstein International Human Rights Clinic. She served as an Articles Editor for the Yale Journal of International Law, and received a Coker Fellowship to teach legal writing to first year law students. She also received the Charles G. Albom Prize for excellence in the area of judicial and administrative appellate advocacy in connection with a Law School clinical program.
Prior to law school, Becca lived and worked in Sub-Saharan Africa for two years, including one year as a U.S. Student Fulbright Scholar in Malawi. She graduated summa cum laude from Dartmouth College in 2005. While in college, she was also the recipient of Campus Compact's National Student Humanitarian Award.
AWARD PRESENTATION: Becca Heller receives The Charles Bronfman Prize
Becca Heller is the youngest recipient to ever receive the Charles Bronfman Prize award. Her leadership, commitment to justice and courageous loyalty embody all that the Prize stands for. She is an extraordinary lawyer, achieving legislative victories and setting legal precedents on a global level for the world's most vulnerable refugees, while providing a luminous example to everyone who cares about human rights.
AWARD PRESENTATION
New York Historical Society | New York, NY. Click here and see below for highlights from the evening.
BEGIN NOMINATION
445 Park Avenue, Suite 16A, New York, NY 10022 | 212.931.0127
© TCBP 2018, all rights reserved.


Xceed utilises a strong (2mm thickness), non corrosive aluminium sheet that is perforated and powder coated to an exacting standard.
Xceed escapes tradition, free from mechanical fixings such as old fashioned screws and rivets.
Instead Xceed employs 3M VHB high performance adhesive technology to create effortless strength.
The acrylic chemistry of the 3M VHB adhesive delivers exceptional durability while its viscoelasticity provides superior energy absorbing properties that help to eliminate stress points.
Our unique two-part wedge system has been designed to create the precise pressure required to activate the 3M VHB adhesive to its full potential.
Both wedges are made from UV stabilised PVC to yield superior durability over time. Unlike screw-clamp or riveted systems, Xceed uses innovative technology that provides clear spacing between the stainless steel mesh and aluminium frame in order to eliminate the opportunity for galvanic corrosion, which occurs when dissimilar metals contact.
Xceed's extruded aluminium frame system is crafted to deliver a lightweight solution without compromising on strength.
The frame features gold accredited Interpon™ powdercoating that delivers a durable finish in a versatile range of colours including the latest Colorbond™ colours. Solid aluminium stakes are used to fortify each corner join, providing Xceed with steadfast strength.
As a statement of strength, Xceed hinged doors are characterised by our integrated three-point locking system as standard.


Good day guys, this time i give you some photo about teen room again. That is Eclectic Teen Bedroom Decorating Ideas, adorable idea which i consider we can be captivated.
We can get eclectic bohemian bedroom decorating ideas, princess and pea bed and vintage eclectic bedroom romantic, they are some best photos of Eclectic Teen Bedroom Decorating Ideas. I consider that the chastity of topic, selection of appropriate color, and decor are principal entity to set the best teen room. On the last of this post, there are eclectic teen bedroom ideas for girls, eclectic girls' bedroom idea and teen eclectic girls room, i consider you will love them too. I consider they are best samples of Eclectic Teen Bedroom Decorating Ideas that we can use them for guidelines.
To serve you other experience, i pick most protruding color on each photo, in case we want to use the fine color code. My intention with these Eclectic Teen Bedroom Decorating Ideas is we get extra ideas about teen room. In case you like or want to share these Eclectic Teen Bedroom Decorating Ideas, you can hit share button as you want.