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De M1-helm is een stalen gevechtshelm die tussen 1941 en 1985 werd gebruikt door het Amerikaanse leger, onder andere tijdens de Tweede Wereldoorlog, de Koreaanse Oorlog en de Vietnamoorlog.

De M1-helm was onderdeel van de gevechtsuitrusting van militairen van alle krijgsmachtdelen, en werd een icoon van het Amerikaanse leger. Zijn bijnaam was "Steel Pot" (kookpan (nl)/kookpot (vl)).

Het model werd na de Tweede Wereldoorlog door krijgsmachten over de hele wereld gekopieerd. Het werd ook de standaard-gevechtshelm van de NAVO.

Geschiedenis
Sinds 1917 gebruikte het Amerikaanse leger een lokaal geproduceerde versie van de Britse Brodie Mk I helm, die Helmet, M1917 genoemd werd.

De M1917-helm was gemaakt van mangaanstaal met een vast binnenwerk en een leren kinriem met schuifgesp. Het binnenwerk van leder en vilt en bood niet veel comfort. De M1917 was olijfgroen geverfd. De verf had een antireflecterende textuur door toevoeging van zaagsel. In 1934 werd de M1917A1 of "Kelly" helm geïntroduceerd, een verbeterde versie met een nieuw lederen binnenwerk dat was voorzien van met haar gevulde 'kussentjes' en een tweedelige webbing kinriem met koperen haak-en-oog sluiting.. Een kleine moer aan de top van de helm hield het binnenwerk op zijn plaats. De M1917A1 weegt 1,1 kg (2 lbs 6 oz).

Het M1917-model, ontworpen om militairen die in loopgraven staan te beschermen tegen vallende granaatscherven en -splinters, voldeed niet op het moderne slagveld. In 1940 werkte een onderzoeksteam van het Amerikaanse leger in Fort Benning in Columbus (Georgia), onder leiding van majoor Harold G.Sydenham, aan een nieuw ontwerp voor een tweedelige helm die de drager veel meer bescherming bood dan de M1917A1.

Onderzoek wees uit dat de ideaal gevormde helm een koepelvormige bovenkant heeft en de contouren van het hoofd volgt. Daarnaast moet de voorkant naar voren uitsteken om het voorhoofd te beschermen zonder het zicht te belemmeren, en moeten de zijkanten zo ver mogelijk omlaag lopen zonder het gebruik van het geweer of andere wapens te hinderen, en moet de achterkant zo laag mogelijk zijn zonder dat de helm naar voren geduwd wordt als de drager op zijn buik ligt. Om ervoor te zorgen dat regen niet in de kraag lekt zou de onderrand rondom wat naar buiten gebogen moeten zijn.

De eerste M1-helmen van mangaanstaal werden gemaakt door de McCord Radiator Company uit Detroit (Michigan), terwijl de fiber (geperst palmvezel) binnenhelm werd gemaakt door de Hawley Products Company uit Geneva (Illinois). Op voorstel van generaal George Patton werd het binnenwerk van de binnenhelm overgenomen van een ontwerp van John T. Riddell. Riddell had in 1940 de eerste plastic american footballhelm ontwikkeld, met een binnenwerk dat verhoogd en verlaagd kon worden door een veter midden bovenin losser of strakker dicht te knopen.

Een aantal prototypes werd getest en de helm bleek ruimschoots te voldoen aan de gestelde eisen. In juni 1941 werd de helm goedgekeurd als Helmet, Steel, M1. Direct daarna ging hij in massaproductie

Ontwerp

De Amerikaanse M1-helm bestaat uit een stalen buitenhelm met vaste tweedelige kinriem en een kunststof binnenhelm met afneembare kinriem en verstelbaar binnenwerk dat om het hoofd sluit. Een voordeel van een tweedelige helm is dat er geen gaten in de stalen buitenhelm gemaakt hoeven te worden voor de klinknagels waarmee het binnenwerk vastzit. Gaten verzwakken de ballistische bescherming.
De buitenhelm wordt niet gedragen zonder binnenhelm. Andersom kan de binnenhelm wel gedragen worden zonder buitenhelm, en biedt dan bescherming tegen vallende objecten en tegen stoten, vergelijkbaar met een bouwhelm.
Het gewicht van de eerste M1-helmen was ongeveer 1,3 kg (2,85 lbs), inclusief binnenhelm en kinriem.

Buitenhelm
De M1 buitenhelm is gemaakt van mangaanstaal. Alle helmen hebben dezelfde maat. De buitenhelm is 17,8 cm (7") diep, 24,1 cm (9.5") breed en 27,9 cm (11") lang. De dikte is 3,2 mm (1/8"). Hij wordt in één stuk geperst uit metalen plaat, waarna en een dunne stalen bies om de rand gekrompen wordt. Aan beide zijden is een metalen beugel bevestigd; aan elk wordt een deel van de tweedelige webbing kinriem met T1-veiligheidssluiting bevestigd. De helmen werden dof olijfgroen gespoten, waarbij de buitenkant opgeruwd werd, eerst met fijn kurkpoeder en later met silicazand.

De vorm van de buitenhelm leidde tot een aantal nieuwe, oneigenlijke, toepassingen: hij kon bijvoorbeeld worden gebruikt als schep, hamer, wasbak en emmer. Zelfs als kookpot, hoewel dat werd afgeraden omdat het de metaallegering broos zou maken. Ook was hij hoog genoeg om enigszins comfortabel op te zitten, ook met de binnenhelm erin.

Binnenhelm
De eerste binnenhelmen waren gemaakt van geperst karton, latere van fiber (geperste palmvezel), geperste repen kunststof ('laminaat') en plastic. De binnenhelm past strak in de buitenhelm. In de binnenhelm is met zes halfholle klinknagels een binnenwerk van verstelbare webbing riemen bevestigd dat op het hoofd rust. Het binnenwerk is voorzien van een zweetband. Aan de achterkant is met drie extra halfholle klinknagels een webbing neksteun aangebracht. Aan de binnenkant van de binnenhelm is aan beide zijden met een extra halfholle klinknagel een bevestigingspen voor een eigen kinriem bevestigd. De vlakke ronde koppen van de klinknagels zijn aan de buitenzijde van de binnenhelm zichtbaar.

Als de binnenhelm samen met de buitenhelm gedragen wordt wordt de kinriem van de binnenhelm over de voorzijde van de helm gelegd, of onder de helm achter het hoofd langs gelegd, als nekriem. De eerste binnenhelmen waren van geperst papier, maar deze werden al snel vervangen door kunststof exemplaren.

De binnenhelm werd vaak zonder buitenhelm gedragen door militaire politie (in wit), schietbaanpersoneel, bij wachtdiensten en bij militaire ceremonies en parades.

Draagwijze

Kinriem
Veel Amerikaanse soldaten droegen de kinriem van de buitenhelm vaak los, of legden deze om de achterzijde van de helm. De belangrijkste reden hiervoor was omdat een vijand die van achteren aanviel, de helm zou kunnen pakken en, als de kinband werd gedragen, het hoofd naar kon trekken en zo slachtoffer uit evenwicht kon brengen. Daarnaast geloofden veel mannen ten onrechte dat explosie dichtbij de helm weg zou kunnen blazen en de kinriem, ondanks de T1-veiligheidssluiting, de nek van de drager zou breken.

Rangonderscheidingstekens
Amerikaanse officieren droegen voorop hun helm hun rangonderscheidingsteken.

Functie emblemen
Gedurende de landingen in Normanië droegen bij sommige eenheden officieren een helm met een verticale lijn op de achterzijde. Onderofficieren hadden een horizontale lijn achterop hun helm. De streep was vaak wit, maar ook minder opvallende kleuren werden gebruikt, zoals geel of lichtgroen. Door deze "leadership stripe" of "follow me stripe" konden manschappen hun officieren en onderofficieren tijdens gevechtsoperaties gemakkelijk herkennen, terwijl de vijand (die zich meestal vóór je bevindt) dat niet ziet. De strepen verdwenen kort na Normandië weer.

Medisch personeel schilderde aanvankelijk geen Rode Kruis-symbool niet op hun helmen. Toen ze zich realiseerden dat herkenbaar medisch personeel door de Duitsers ze (meestal) niet beschoten zou worden. werden de helmen voorzien van rode kruisen, vaak in witte cirkels.

Sommige officieren schilderden hun ranginsignes in wit of zwart op de voorkant van hun helmen, terwijl anderen juist de opvallendste rangonderscheidingstekens van hun uniformen verwijderden om sluipschuttervuur te vermijden. Aalmoezeniers en predikanten droegen in plaats van een ranginsigne een latijns kruis (✝) voorop hun helm.

Onderdeelsemblemen
Tijdens de Tweede Wereldoorlog en ook daarna werden op de helmen vele verschillende emblemen aangebracht. Bijvoorbeeld divisie-, regiments-, of bataljonsemblemen.

Op D-Day zou de Amerikaanse 101e Luchtlandingsdivisie in Normandië landen, waarbij de troepen verspreid zouden raken over een groot gebied. Om te groeperen zou was het nodig elkaar gemakkelijk te kunnen herkennen. Daarom ieder onderdeel van de divisie een ander symbol op hun helmen. De vier infanterieregimenten 501, 502 en 506 PIR en 327 GIR droegen resp. een ruit (♦), hart (♥), schoppen (♠) en klaver (♣). De veldartillerieafdelingen droegen een cirkel (⚫); het luchtdoelartilleriebataljon een driehoek (▲); het geniebataljon de letter 'E' (Engineers); de geneeskundige compagnie een Geneefs kruis (✚) en overig personnel een vierkant (■). Tegenwoordig gebruikt de 101e Luchtlandingsdivisie nog steeds deze helmsymbolen. Andere eenheden namen deze werkwijze over, vaak met andere symbolen.

US Army Rangers van het 2e en 5e Rangerbataljon schilderden een oranje ruit op de achterkant van hun helmen. Binnen deze ruit stond in zwart het cijfer dat hun bataljon aanduidde.

Marine-eenheden die tijdens D-Day op de stranden zouden opereren, schilderden een brede grijze band om hun helmen, zodat ze herkenbaar waren als marinepersoneel.

Helmnet, helmovertrek en helmband
Over de M1-helm wordt vaak een helmnet en/of helmovertrek aangebracht. Hiermee wordt de ronde vorm en de glans van de helm verborgen. Bovendien kan er ander camouflagemateriaal aan bevestigd worden, bijvoorbeeld stroken stof, gras, takken of bladeren.
De helmovertrek voor de M1-helm is gemaakt van 4-6 driehoekige (of 2 halfronde) stukken stof die aan elkaar gestikt zijn en zo een koepel vormen in de vorm van de helm. De onderrand bestaat uit een aantal flappen, die in de buitenhelm gevouwen worden, waarna de binnenhelm er in gedaan wordt en zo de helmovertrek vastklemt. Er zijn overtrekken in allerlei verschillende kleuren en camouflagepatronen. Sommige helmovertrekken zijn voorzien van gaten waarachter camouflagemateriaal gestoken kan worden.

Meestal wordt er om de helmovertrek en/of het helmnet een elastische helmband gedaan, waarachter extra camouflagemateriaal gestoken kan worden, en die de helmovertrek en/of het helmnet beter op zijn plaats houdt.

Gebruik

De M1-helm werd gebruikt door de United States Army van 1941 tot halverwege de jaren '80, toen hij werd vervangen door de PASGT-helm (PASGT = Personnel Armor System for Ground Troops) die een betere ergonomie en betere ballistische bescherming bood.

De M1-helm werd in de jaren '50 de standaard NAVO-helm, en veel Europese NAVO-landen voerden hun eigen lokaal geproduceerde versie van de M1-helm in. Van de meeste weken de afmetingen enigszins af van de oorspronkelijke helm. Ook werden er andere binnenwerken en kinriemen gebruikt. De Nederlandse versie staat bekend als helm M53, en de Belgische als helm/casque M51. De Deense varianten heten Stålhjelm m/48 en Stålhjelm m/63, de Noorse Stålhjelm M58 en de Oostenrijkse M58 Stahlhelm 2 und Innenhelm 2 en M75 Stahlhelm 1 und Innenhelm 1 De eerste Duitse versie heette Gefechtshelm of Stahlhelm M56. In 1958 voerde de Duitse Bundeswehr een nieuwe versie in met vaste binnenhelm; de Gefechtshelm of Stahlhelm M 1A1; verschillende versies daarvan met verschillend binnenwerk zijn M60, M62 en M62 modifiziert. De Franse M51-OTAN helm week het meest af van de oorspronkelijke M1, door een verder naar voren uitstekende voorrand en rechtere zijkanten

M1 Parahelmet
Het Amerikaanse leger gebruikte een speciale M1-binnenhelm voor parachutisten. Deze had aan elke kant een 'omgekeerde A'-vormige kinriem, met een voorgevormde lederen kinbeschermer. Op deze kinriem van de binnenhelm zaten drukknopen die vastgemaakt werden aan drukknopen op de tweedelige kinriem van de buitenhelm. Daardoor bleef de buitenhelm beter op zijn plaats bij plotselinge bewegingen.

M3 Flakhelm en M5 Flakhelm
Tijdens de Tweede Wereldoorlog droegen de bemanningen van Amerikaanse bommenwerpers M1-helmen. Het grootste probleem hierbij was dat de helm niet over de hoofdtelefoons van een lederen vlieghelm paste. Bovendien was de M1 te groot voor gebruik in krappe ruimtes zoals geschutskoepels. Daarom werden in 1942 de M3 Flakhelm en M4 Flakhelm ingevoerd. De M4 Flakhelm of 'Grow'-helm was een nieuw ontwerp speciaal voor personeel in krappe posities zoals geschutskoepels.De M3 is een fabrieksmodificatie van de M1. Hij had geen binnenhelm, maar het binnenwerk was aan de stalen buitenhelm geklonken. De helm was voorzien van een lange lederen kinriem met snelsluiting. Aan de zijkanten waren grote uitsparingen aangebracht zodat de helm goed paste over een RAF C-type of USAAF A-11 vlieghelm met communicatieapparatuur. Boven de uitsparingen waren met scharnieren viltgevoerde ronde schelpvormige stalen kappen aangebracht die over de oorschelpen van de hoofdtelefoon pasten.

Om brandwonden te voorkomen, een risico bij het aanraken van blank metaal bij temperaturen ver onder nul op grote hoogten, werd de helm geverfd met een olijfgroene verf gemengd met zaagsel of soortgelijk materiaal.

Uit de M3 werd de M5 Flakhelm ontwikkeld, die meer bescherming bood bij de slapen door langere, druppelvormige, stalen beschermkappen over de hoofdtelefoon. De onderrand van de M5 was recht, in tegenstelling tot de naar buiten gebogen onderrand van de M1 en M3 Flakhelm.

Parachutistenhelm M1A1LL
De M1A1LL-helm (ook wel FJ59-helm genoemd) werd in 1961 geïntroduceerd als de nieuwe helm voor de parachutisten van de Bundeswehr ('LL' staat voor 'Luft-Landetruppen' (luchtlandingstroepen)). Hieraan was een uitgebreid beproevingstraject voorafgegaan, waarbij vrijwel alle geteste modellen aanpassingen waren van de Duitse M38 Fallschirmjäger helm uit de Tweede Wereldoorlog.

De M1A1LL werd vervaardigd door de Duitse firma Schuberth en bestaat uit een metalen helm van hetzelfde model als de in 1958 ingevoerde Duitse M1A1 helm. Evenals de M1A1 heeft de M1A1LL parahelm geen losse binnenhelm maar een vast binnenwerk. Anders dan de gewone M1A1 heeft de M1A1LL een kinbandsysteem dat is afgeleid van van de Duitse M38 Fallschirmjäger helm uit de Tweede Wereldoorlog. De maat van het binnenwerk was niet verstelbaar: er waren verschillende vaste maten bechikbaar. De helm werd bij de Bundeswehr gebruikt totdat hij in de jaren '90 vervangen werd door de M92 ballistische helm.

De M1A1LL is van de standaard M1-helm te onderscheiden door het kinbandsysteem en de aan de buitenzijde zichtbare koppen van de halfholle klinknagels waarmee het binnenwerk vastzit. De Duitse helmen waren uitgevoerd in "gelboliv" (RAL 6014).

De M1A1LL werd ook door de Nederlandse Krijgsmacht en de Belgische Krijgsmacht gebruikt.

Nederland

M1-helm
Een deel van de militairen van het Korps Mariniers waren vanaf 1943 in de Verenigde Staten uitgerust met amerikaans materieel, inclusief de M1-helm. De mariniers bleven deze na de oorlog gebruiken totdat hij door de Nederlandse kopie M53 werd vervangen. De mariniers droegen in Nederlands-Indië helmovertrekken in het USMC Pacific camouflagepatroon (ook wel "frog skin" of "duck hunter" genoemd).

M53 Troepenhelm
De M53 Troepenhelm verving bij de Nederlandse Krijgsmacht vanaf 1953 de Engelse Mk II model, en bleef in gebruikt tot hij medio jaren '90 werd vervangen door de Gevechtshelm composiet M95. De helm stond ook bekend als de binnen-buitenhelm of bibuhelm.

De M53 Troepenhelm is een kopie van de Amerikaanse helm M1. De eerste binnenhelmen waren gemaakt van laminaat, latere van plastic. De tweedelige helm weegt ongeveer 1,5 kg.

De tweedelige kinriem van de buitenhelm wordt gesloten met een ander type veiligheidsluiting (insteek) dan de M1. De smallere eendelige kinriem van de binnenhelm wordt op maat gemaakt en gesloten met een schuif-klemgesp. Het binnenwerk is van het Riddell-type, hetzelfde als van de M1. De helmen van het Korps Mariniers hadden een ander model binnenwerk, dat door de Marine Werkplaats werd aangebracht.

De binnenhelm werd vaak zonder buitenhelm gedragen, bijvoorbeeld door personeel van Koninklijke Marechaussee (in wit), schietbaanpersoneel, bij wachtdiensten, bij militaire ceremonies en parades. Ook werd de binnenhelm gedragen als veiligheidshelm bij vredesverplaatsingen achterin in militaire vrachtwagens.

Bij de Koninklijke Landmacht en Koninklijke Luchtmacht werd een stuk jute, gekleurd met bruine schoensmeer en groene blanco gebruikt als helmovertrek, meestal aangevuld met een helmnet, en vastgezet met een brede rubberen band gemaakt van autobinnenband. Bij sneeuw werd soms van witte doeken een helmovertrek gemaakt, of werden er witte stroken in het helmnet vastgemaakt. Veel militairen schaften zelf bij dumpzaken een 'amerikaanse' camouflageovertrek aan.

Pas bij de invoering van het "woodland" camouflagetenue in 1992 werd er een helmovertrek in het camouflage-patroon "woodland" in de uitrusting opgenomen.

De M53 Troepenhelm werd in de jaren '90 vervangen door de Gevechtshelm composiet M95.

Parahelm
Eind jaren '70 werd bij de Nederlandse krijgsmacht voor personeel dat bij het Korps Mariniers of het Korps Commandotroepen een parachutistenopleiding volgde de Duitse Parachutistenhelm M1A1LL ingevoerd, dezelfde helm die bij de Bundeswehr in gebruik was. Hij bleef tot eind jaren '80 in gebruik. De Nederlandse helmen waren uitgevoerd in dezelfde kleur als de Duitse; de kleur werd in Nederland legergroen genoemd.

België
De Belgische Helm NATO 1951/Casque OTAN 1951 met binnenhelm (fr: 'sous casque' of 'coiffe') is een getrouwe kopie van de Amerikaanse M1-helm.

De helm verving de Belgische Helm Model 49/Casque Modèle 49, een kopie van de "Engelse helm", het model Mark II. Deze werd ook wel FN 49 genoemd, hoewel FN - Fabrique Nationale - niet betrokken was bij de vervaardiging ervan. De Mark II was bij de Belgische troepen in Groot Brittanië ingevoerd, en was als zodanig de opvolger van de Helm Model 31/Casque Modèle 31-helm, een kopie van de Franse Modèle 26 'Adrian'.

Voor zover bekend werden er van rijkswege geen helmovertrekken verstrekt voor de Helm NATO 1951/Casque OTAN 1951. Als helmovertrek voor de M51-helm werd een stuk jute, gekleurd met bruine schoensmeer en groene blanco gebruikt, vastgezet met een brede rubberen band gemaakt van autobinnenband. Ook werden er zelfgemaakte of in dumpzaken gekochte helmovertrekken gebruikt.

De Helm NATO 1951/Casque OTAN 1951 werd in de jaren '90 vervangen door de Kevlar-helm

Paracommandohelm M71
Rond 1972 vervingen het Belgische Regiment Para-Commando/Régiment Para-Commando haar oude britse Helmet Steel Airborne Troop (HSAT) parahelmen, die ze gebruikten sinds de oorlog door de Parachutistenhelm M1A1LL. De Belgische versie werd Paracommandohelm M71 (fr: Casque Para-commando M71) genoemd en is voorzien van een moderner binnenwerk dan de Duitse versie, nl. hetzelfde binnenwerk dat in de Franse Casque F1 (of Casque modèle 1978) helm gebruikt wordt. De Belgische helmen waren uitgevoerd in NAVO olijfgroen/olive OTAN (RAL 7013), en aan de linkerkant was een Belgische vlag aangebracht.

Zie ook
 Brodiehelm
 Gevechtshelm M16
 Gevechtshelm M27
 Adrianhelm
 Stahlhelm
 Gevechtshelm composiet M95

Afbeeldingen

Bronnen, referenties en voetnoten

Helm
Amerikaanse landmacht
Militaire beschermende kleding


Karen Smith Fender was raised in Shawnee, Kansas. Karen was Miss Kansas 1974, representing the state at the Miss America Scholarship Pageant where she was a preliminary swimsuit winner and won a non-finalist talent award. She was selected for the Miss America USO Troup 1975, where she traveled throughout Southeast Asia and The Mediterranean entertaining troops and performing at the Miss America 1975 Pageant.
Karen attendee the University of Kansas where she was a gymnast and cheerleader. After graduation from KU she worked for Southwestern Bell in Kansas City for two years. In 1981 she opened a competitive dance studio, Dance Gallery, in Lawrence, Kansas which she owned and operated for 33 years. She was a choreographer for The Miss Kansas Pageant for many years, and was active with the Miss Lawrence Pageant. Karen has judged many National Dance Competitions throughout the United States, as well as judged many Miss Kansas Preliminary Pageants.
She was on the Board of Directors for the University of Kansas Letterman's Club for over 20 years and is a member of P.E.O.. She raised her two sons, Ryan and Jason, in Lawrence and now has a 5-year old granddaughter, Kiana who lives with her father in Hawaii. Karen sold her business in 2014 and retired to Marco Island, Florida with her fiancé Tom Gibbs, where she enjoys pickleball, golf and yoga.


text:
Southborough autism center gets $21K
Jonathan Phelps @JPhelps_MW
SOUTHBOROUGH — The New England Center for Children has received a $21,000 grant from the Joy in Childhood Foundation.
The money will benefit the education, research and development of technology for children with autism and their families. The center is known as a global leader in education and research for children with autism, according to a press release.
"The New England Center for Children is honored to be granted this generous donation by the Joy in Childhood Foundation," said Vincent Strully, Jr., Founder and CEO of NECC. "One in 68 children worldwide have autism, up 119 percent from 2000. Now more than ever we need to focus on the under-served population of children with autism. With the help of Dunkin' Brands and their Joy in Childhood Foundation, we can make further steps in helping transform the lives of children with autism and their families."
Since launching in 2006, the Joy in Childhood Foundation (formerly The Dunkin' Donuts & Baskin-Robbins Community Foundation), has granted more than $11 million to hundreds of national and local charities across the country.
"The Joy in Childhood Foundation recognizes the innovative education programs that The New England Center for Children provides to children with autism, and we are very happy to further their mission," said Molly Wiley, co-chairwoman of the local Chapter of the foundation.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Q: will + be + verb ing meaning I see one of my friends posted this status:
"Halloween celebration @ MBC - One of the last shots I'll be taking here"
Anyone could explain why she uses "I'll be taking" but not "I will take"? any difference between these two uses

A: "Will be [verb]-ing is future continuous tense.  It is used to describe a future, action that will occur over some period of time:

All day tomorrow I will be studying for the big exam.

As you know, it's often grammatical to substitute the simple future for the continuous, without changing the meaning:

All day tomorrow I will study for the big exam.

There is a slight difference in nuance, though.  Any continuous tense describes ongoing action, as if you are watching it happen.  For example:

Tomorrow the Packers will be facing the Patriots to determine who goes to the championship.

In the above sentence there is little difference between "will be facing" and "will face", but if a sports announcer were to say this sentence, the feeling is that we could be watching the game as it happens.  There's a kind of dramatic immediacy when we use the future continuous.
(BTW the verb "to face" or "to face off", in sports, means "to compete against, face-to-face".  See verb definition 3)
In the same way, your friend says "I'll be taking shots" because she expects you to be there, and possibly join her in taking the shots.  She could have said "I will take" but that is more matter-of-fact, and doesn't include the suggestion of personal invitation.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


The U.S. spends more money on some surgical procedures than anywhere in the world. Much of this has to do with the fragmented, fee-for-service system of healthcare that America has grown to endure.
With payment penalties and reimbursements increasingly tied to measures of quality, satisfaction and cost performance, surgical service line margins are compressing. Outpatient surgical centers are becoming more prevalent as providers pursue new care delivery models. These new models of care re-engineer care processes to bring cross-continuum providers together to deliver a total care approach for patients.
One group doing this particularly well is a collaboration of hospital administrators, anesthesiologists and surgeons from community hospitals, academic medical centers and physician groups that are implementing the Perioperative Surgical Home (PSH) model of care.
The PSH Learning Collaborative engages specialists to improve internal efficiencies, and reduce length-of-stay (and thereby increase bed turnover), 30-day readmissions and hospital-acquired conditions. To improve, members are implementing evidence-based protocols, reducing care variation and standardizing supply chain processes. The PSH approach includes a strong emphasis on patient education, rigorous process standardization and evidence-based clinical care pathways, as well as robust coordination and integration of post-operative care.
The PSH is an innovative model of care driving meaningful and lasting change in lowering perioperative care costs, while supporting better margins, and improving outcomes and experiences for patients.
Unlike traditional surgical care management, which requires little pre- and post-procedure planning and often varies greatly across organizations, the PSH model guides patients through the entire surgical experience, from the decision to undergo surgery to 30 days post discharge and beyond. The physician-led model is an interdisciplinary, team-based system of coordinated care that is designed to achieve the quadruple aim of improving health, increasing provider and patient satisfaction, and reducing the cost of care.
The PSH model also overlaps and aligns with the goals of population health management and a variety of alternative payment models (APMs), such as the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services' (CMS') Bundled Payments for Care Improvement (BPCI) Advanced initiative, Medicare Accountable Care Organizations (ACOs), the Comprehensive Care for Joint Replacement (CJR) model, Medicaid Bundled Payment Programs, as well as commercial ACOs and bundled payment models.
Additionally, the PSH is approved for the Quality Payment Program's Merit-Based Incentive Payment System (MIPS) Improvement Activities (IAs). The PSH care coordination activity has also received the rare distinction of being eligible for the Advancing Care Information (ACI) bonus.
In today's healthcare environment, it is imperative for organizations to seek strategic, systematic processes for transforming care from volume to value. Launched by Premier® and the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA), the PSH Learning Collaborative brings together leading institutions from across the country to share best practices and lessons learned that optimize the surgical process in an effort to advance quality, improve patient experience, elevate physician satisfaction and reduce costs.
Over the last four years, more than 100 organizations have worked with Premier and the ASA to identify which service line to launch a PSH pilot and start the process of performance improvement. In doing so, members have advanced their bundled payment and ACO goals, and generated significant returns on investment by reducing episode of care costs, length-of-stay, readmissions and skilled nursing facility usage.
PSH Collaborative members use implementation toolkits, pathways, protocols and templates that have been successfully implemented at other PSH member organizations, along with educational sessions and strategies on how to monetize the PSH model. They also work with dedicated PSH experts to create and achieve focused improvement goals.
Individual results show that participants in this collaborative have improved clinical outcomes in a number of ways.
A Southeast regional center reduced total joint cost per case by $1,816 and colorectal cost per case by $1,046.
A West Coast academic center reduced operational costs for laparoscopic nephrectomies and open nephrectomies cases by 50 percent.
A Southeast community hospital demonstrated an average savings of more than $4,000 per orthopedic case.
A West Coast academic center increased patients discharged to home by 38 percent.
A Southeast academic center increased patients discharged to home by 18 percent.
A Southeast community hospital reduced admissions for orthopedic patients to SNF by 22 percent and admissions to home health by 34 percent.
A Midwest academic center reduced readmissions for orthopedic patients by 50 percent.
Through the PSH Learning Collaborative, healthcare organizations are better managing care and reducing complications, readmissions and costs, while providing their patients with speedier recoveries.
Looking for ways to simultaneously advance the surgical field and your transformation to value-based care?
Listen to our webinar on how the PSH Learning Collaborative can help hospitals engage specialists and address blind spots in care, apply here or contact us.
Dr. Steel trained in anesthesiology at Penn State Hershey Medical Center. He has been director of anesthesia services at White River Health System in Batesville, Arkansas for the past five years. He currently serves as the medical director of the ICU/PCU and the Community Care Network for WRHS; and is the co-director of the perioperative surgical home for WRHS.


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Atrial Fibrillation Hub
High Blood Pressure Hub
Volume 51, Issue 14, April 2008 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2007.11.071
Occurrence and Frequency of Arrhythmias in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy in Relation to Delayed Enhancement on Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance
A. Selcuk Adabag, Barry J. Maron, Evan Appelbaum, Caitlin J. Harrigan, Jacqueline L. Buros, C. Michael Gibson, John R. Lesser, Constance A. Hanna, James E. Udelson, Warren J. Manning and Martin S. Maron
vol. 51 no. 14 1369-1374
Received August 2, 2007
Revision received November 2, 2007
Accepted November 26, 2007
Published online April 8, 2008.
American College of Cardiology Foundation
A. Selcuk Adabag, MD, MS⁎,⁎ (adaba001{at}umn.edu),
Barry J. Maron, MD†,
Evan Appelbaum, MD‡,§,
Caitlin J. Harrigan, BA§,
Jacqueline L. Buros, BA§,
C. Michael Gibson, MD, MS‡,§,
John R. Lesser, MD†,
Constance A. Hanna, RN†,
James E. Udelson, MD∥,
Warren J. Manning, MD‡,§ and
Martin S. Maron, MD∥
⁎
↵⁎Reprint requests and correspondence:
Dr. A. Selcuk Adabag, Section of Cardiology (111 C), Veterans Affairs Medical Center, One Veterans Drive, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55417.
A. Selcuk Adabag, Barry J. Maron, Evan Appelbaum, Caitlin J. Harrigan, Jacqueline L. Buros, C. Michael Gibson, John R. Lesser, Constance A. Hanna, James E. Udelson, Warren J. Manning, Martin S. Maron
We studied prevalence and frequency of arrhythmias on 24-h ambulatory electrocardiogram with regard to delayed enhancement (DE) on contrast-enhanced cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) in 177 hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) patients. Premature ventricular contractions (PVCs), couplets, and nonsustained ventricular tachycardia (NSVT) were more common (PVCs: 89% vs. 72%; couplets: 40% vs. 17%; NSVT: 28% vs. 4%; p < 0.0001 to 0.007) and more frequent (all p < 0.0001) in patients with DE than in those without DE. Furthermore, DE was an independent predictor of NSVT (relative risk 7.3, 95% confidence interval 2.6 to 20.4; p < 0.0001). These findings suggest that CMR identifies HCM patients with increased susceptibility to ventricular tachyarrhythmias.
Objectives Our aim was to determine whether myocardial fibrosis, detected by cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR), represents an arrhythmogenic substrate in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM).
Background Myocardial fibrosis is identified frequently in HCM; however, the clinical significance of this finding is uncertain.
Methods We studied prevalence and frequency of tachyarrhythmias on 24-h ambulatory Holter electrocardiogram (ECG) with regard to delayed enhancement (DE) on contrast-enhanced CMR in 177 HCM patients (age 41 ± 16 yrs; 95% asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic).
Results Premature ventricular contractions (PVCs), couplets, and nonsustained ventricular tachycardia (NSVT) were more common in patients with DE than those without DE (PVCs: 89% vs. 72%; couplets: 40% vs. 17%; NSVT: 28% vs. 4%; p < 0.0001 to 0.007). Patients with DE also had greater numbers of PVCs (202 ± 655 vs. 116 ± 435), couplets (1.9 ± 5 vs. 1.2 ± 10), and NSVT runs (0.4 ± 0.8 vs. 0.06 ± 0.4) than non-DE patients (all p < 0.0001); DE was an independent predictor of NSVT (relative risk 7.3, 95% confidence interval 2.6 to 20.4; p < 0.0001). However, extent (%) of DE was similar in patients with and without PVCs (8.2% vs. 9.1%; p = 0.93), couplets (8.5% vs. 8.4%; p = 0.99), or NSVT (8.3% vs. 8.5%; p = 0.35).
Conclusions In this large HCM cohort with no or only mild symptoms, myocardial fibrosis detected by CMR was associated with greater likelihood and increased frequency of ventricular tachyarrhythmias (including NSVT) on ambulatory Holter ECG. Therefore, contrast-enhanced CMR identifies HCM patients with increased susceptibility to ventricular tachyarrhythmias.
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is the most common cause of sudden cardiac death in the young (1–4). The mechanism of sudden death in HCM is ventricular tachyarrhythmia emanating from a structurally abnormal myocardium, which often includes areas of fibrosis (5–10). Myocardial scars create a potentially arrhythmogenic substrate and increase susceptibility to ventricular tachycardia/fibrillation (11,12). Indeed, gross macroscopic scarring is frequently present on post-mortem examination in HCM patients who have died suddenly, suggesting a possible causal association between fibrosis and sudden death in this disease (8–10).
Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) with delayed enhancement (DE) imaging after gadolinium infusion, has the capability of identifying myocardial fibrosis in vivo in patients with structural heart disease (13–15). In both ischemic and dilated cardiomyopathy, the presence of DE is an independent predictor of cardiovascular mortality, including sudden cardiac death (16–19). Although DE is found commonly on contrast-enhanced CMR in HCM patients (20–22), currently there is no direct evidence that this finding is associated with arrhythmias, particularly nonsustained ventricular tachycardia (NSVT), an established risk factor for sudden death in HCM (23,24). Therefore, the objective of the present study was to assess the relationship between DE and ventricular and supraventricular tachyarrhythmias evident on 24-h ambulatory Holter electrocardiogram (ECG) in a large cohort of HCM patients.
Study patients
From April 2003 to January 2007, 204 HCM patients were evaluated with contrast-enhanced CMR and 24-h ambulatory Holter ECG in the HCM centers of the Minneapolis Heart Institute Foundation and Tufts-New England Medical Center (Boston). Of the 204 patients, 27 were excluded on the basis of more than a 10-month time period between CMR and the Holter ECG. The final study population included 177 HCM patients. Median interval between the 2 studies was 1 month (≤3 months in 81%, ≤6 months in 98%).
Diagnosis of HCM was based on the demonstration of a hypertrophied left ventricle (LV; wall thickness ≥13 mm in adult patients or the equivalent wall thickness relative to body surface area in children) associated with a nondilated LV in the absence of another cardiac or systemic disease that could produce the magnitude of hypertrophy evident (25).
The CMR (Philips Gyroscan ACS-NT 1.5T, Best, Netherlands; or Siemens Sonata 1.5-T, Erlangen, Germany) was performed using steady-state free-precession breath-hold cines in 3 long-axis planes and contiguous 10-mm short-axis slices (no gap) from the atrioventricular ring to the apex. The DE images were acquired 15 min after the intravenous administration of 0.2 mmol/kg gadolinium-DTPA (Magnevist, Schering, Berlin, Germany) with a breath-hold 2-dimensional segmented inversion-recovery sequence (TI 240 to 300 ms), acquired in the same orientation as the cine images.
Ventricular volumes, function, mass, and ejection fraction were measured for the LV using standard techniques (26), and analyzed with a commercial workstation (Qmass MR version 6 1.6, Medis Medical Imaging Systems, the Netherlands). The LV mass index (g/m2) was calculated by dividing myocardial mass by body surface area. Maximal LV wall thickness was taken as the greatest dimension determined automatically by the Mass software at any site within the LV wall.
To assess DE, all short-axis slices from base to apex were inspected visually to identify areas of normal (completely nulled) myocardium. Mean signal intensity (and standard deviation [SD]) was derived and a threshold of ≥6 SD exceeding the mean was used to define areas of DE (15,27–29). Summing the planimetered areas of DE in all short-axis slices yielded the total volume (g), which was also expressed as a proportion of total LV myocardium (% DE). The DE analysis was performed by 1 experienced reader and reviewed and confirmed by a second expert reader with both of the independent observers blinded to patient identity and clinical profile. Any discrepancies in analysis between the 2 readers was then adjudicated by a senior observer with >10 years of CMR experience. All CMR analyses were performed by observers blinded to the clinical and the 24-h ECG data.
Ambulatory Holter ECGs
Ambulatory Holter ECG recordings were obtained in a standard fashion with a portable tape recorder and modified V1 and V5 leads. Holter ECG recordings were scanned on a DelMar Reynolds AccuPlus (model 403) Holter Analysis System (Del Mar Reynolds Medical, Irvine, California). Arrhythmia frequency was normalized to 24 h in recordings which did not include a complete 24-h period of uninterrupted and interpretable rhythm, owing to noise or loss of signal. In patients with >1 Holter ECG, the study closest in time to the CMR was analyzed. Nonsustained ventricular tachycardia and supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) was defined as 3 or more consecutive premature complexes with a heart rate of ≥100 beats/min (12,24).
Data are expressed as mean ± SD. Clinical and demographic characteristics of the DE and non-DE groups were compared using the Mann-Whitney U test for continuous variables, and the chi-square test for noncontinuous variables expressed as proportions (or the Fisher exact test for subgroups containing ≤5 observations). Predictors of NSVT were assessed with logistic regression analysis. The multivariable regression model included DE, age, and maximal LV wall thickness, selected on the basis of univariate predictors of NSVT with p < 0.1 in the study population.
The ability of DE to discriminate patients who did or did not have NSVT on Holter ECG was assessed using the area under the receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve (c-index) with 95% confidence interval (CI). A c-index equal to 0.5 indicates that the discrimination was no better than random, whereas a c-index equal to 1.0 indicates perfect discrimination. All comparisons were 2 tailed. p ≤ 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. The SPSS software version 10.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, Illinois) was used for all analyses.
Patient characteristics
At CMR, study patients were 41 ± 16 years of age (range 8 to 75 years); 129 (73%) were male (Table 1). Of the 177 patients, 168 (95%) were asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic (New York Heart Association [NYHA] functional classes I and II) and the other 9 (5%) were severely symptomatic (NYHA functional class III). Maximum LV wall thickness was 21 ± 5 mm (range 10 to 36 mm), and 40 patients (23%) had LV outflow obstruction at rest (gradient ≥30 mm Hg; range 0 to 160 mm Hg) (Table 1). A total of 102 patients (58%) were taking beta-blockers, 39 (22%) calcium-channel blockers, and 3 (2%) disopyramide. No patients were taking other antiarrhythmic medications, including amiodarone. A similar proportion of patients in the DE and non-DE subgroups were taking cardioactive medications (Table 1).
Baseline Characteristics of the 177 HCM Patients With CMR and Ambulatory Holter ECG
CMR findings
Delayed enhancement was evident in 72 (41%) of the 177 patients, occupying 8.5 ± 8% (range 0.6% to 37.6%) of LV myocardium. Areas of DE were transmural (≥75% of any segmental wall thickness) in 39 (54%) of the 72 patients and nontransmural DE in the other 33 (46%) patients in discrete (focal), multifocal, or confluent patterns. Areas of DE were localized to the ventricular septum (n = 6), LV free wall (n = 17), at the right ventricular insertion into the septum (n = 10), or in a combination of these locations (n = 39). Distribution of DE was subendocardial in 5 patients, midmyocardial in 8, epicardial in 6, or a combination of these in 53.
Ambulatory Holter ECG
Over 24 h of Holter ECG, 138 (78%) of the 177 study patients had ventricular arrhythmias, including 136 (77%) with premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) (range 1 to 4,800, mean 189), 47 (27%) with couplets (range 1 to 99, mean 5.5), and 24 (14%) with runs of NSVT. Number of NSVT runs in 24 h was 1 to 5 (mean 1.4), with 3 to 52 beats in the longest burst (mean 8.4 ± 10), and at ventricular rates of 132 ± 23 beats/min. Runs of SVT were present in 40 patients (23%, range 1 to 93, mean 4.7). Also, 47 patients (26%) had periods during which ST-segment depression (≥1 mm) was evident.
Patients with NSVT were older than those without NSVT (47 ± 12 years vs. 39.5 ± 17 years; p = 0.04). There was no statistically significant association between NSVT on Holter ECG and maximal LV thickness, LV outflow gradient at rest, NYHA functional class, or a history of syncope. There was no significant relationship between NSVT and the presence of ST-segment depression.
Relation of arrhythmias to DE
Ventricular tachyarrhythmias were significantly more common in patients with DE than in those without DE (p < 0.0001 to 0.007) (Fig. 1). In particular, patients with DE had a 7-fold higher risk of NSVT than non-DE patients (relative risk 7.3, 95% CI 2.6 to 20.4; p < 0.0001). In multivariate analysis, after adjustment for age and maximal LV thickness, DE was the sole independent predictor of NSVT (p < 0.0001). Area under the ROC curve, generated to assess the capability of DE to discriminate patients with and without NSVT, was 0.77 (95% CI 0.67 to 0.87) (Fig. 2).
Prevalence of Arrhythmias on 24-h Holter ECG With Respect to DE in 177 HCM Patients
DE = delayed enhancement; ECG = electrocardiogram; HCM = hypertrophic cardiomyopathy; NSVT = nonsustained ventricular tachycardia; PVC = premature ventricular contraction; SVT = supraventricular tachycardia.
ROC Curve to Assess Ability of DE to Discriminate Patients With and Without NSVT on Holter ECG
Area under the curve is 0.77 (95% confidence interval 0.67 to 0.87). ROC = receiver-operating characteristic; other abbreviations as in Figure 1.
Patients with DE also had greater numbers of PVCs, couplets, and NSVT runs (202 ± 655, 1.9 ± 5, and 0.4 ± 0.8, respectively) than did patients without DE (116 ± 435, 1.2 ± 10, and 0.06 ± 0.4, respectively; p < 0.0001). There was no association between ventricular tachyarrhythmias and transmural distribution or location of DE. Also, occurrence of SVT was unassociated with DE.
Among the 72 HCM patients with evidence of DE on CMR, the percentage of LV myocardium occupied by DE was unassociated with the occurrence of ventricular tachyarrhythmias (i.e., PVCs, couplets, and NSVT). Indeed, % DE on CMR was similar among patients with and without either PVCs (8.2% vs. 9.1%; p = 0.93), couplets (8.5% vs. 8.4%; p = 0.99), or NSVT (8.3% vs. 8.5%; p = 0.35) (Fig. 3).
Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Image From a 36-Year-Old Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Patient
Relatively discrete areas of delayed enhancement (arrows), shown on long-axis (A) and short-axis (B) views, and comprising 4.3% of LV myocardium. In the same patient, a 12-beat run of nonsustained ventricular tachycardia was present on 24-h ambulatory Holter electrocardiogram (C). LA = left atrium; LV = left ventricle; VS = interventricular septum.
These data show that the presence of DE (by contrast-CMR), representing areas of myocardial fibrosis, is independently associated with ventricular tachyarrhythmias on ambulatory Holter ECG in a largely asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic cohort of HCM patients. Indeed, DE was associated with a 7-fold increase in the risk of NSVT and was the sole independent predictor of this arrhythmia. These findings may have implications for the risk stratification of HCM patients, because NSVT is generally regarded to be an independent determinant of increased risk of sudden death in this disease (2,3,23,24,30,31).
Risk stratification strategy in HCM (based on the current primary prevention risk factors) is likely incomplete, owing largely to the heterogeneity of clinical and phenotypic expression and the low event rate observed in this disease (31,32). Therefore, identification of additional reproducible risk markers is essential to achieve more precise selection of patients for primary prevention of sudden cardiac death with the implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) (33–36). Moon et al. (21) proposed DE as a pre-disposing factor for disease progression and sudden death in HCM using clinical risk factors as surrogates for clinical end points (21). Teraoka et al. (37) and Dimitrow et al. (38) found DE to be most common in HCM patients with NSVT. However, prospective data correlating actual sudden death events with CMR findings (i.e., DE) are not yet available. In this regard, the present data linking DE to NSVT, and by inference to increased sudden death risk, provide some preliminary evidence that DE could ultimately prove to be a new risk marker in HCM.
In the present analysis, the prevalence and frequency of ventricular arrhythmias was unrelated to % DE, suggesting that the presence of DE (independent of its extent) represents a marker for increased arrhythmic risk in HCM. Although this lack of association between extent of DE and susceptibility to ventricular arrhythmias may seem counterintuitive (39), this observation is perhaps not unlike that recently reported in other forms of cardiovascular disease (17,27). For example, in patients suspected of coronary heart disease, Kwong et al. (17) demonstrated that small areas of DE were associated with an increased risk of cardiac events, including sudden death and appropriate ICD discharges. Furthermore, in patients with nonischemic cardiomyopathy, inducibility of ventricular arrhythmias during programmed electrical stimulation is largely unrelated to the extent of DE (27). Therefore, it is likely that the propensity of an abnormal myocardial substrate, comprising fibrosis, to generate ventricular arrhythmias is influenced substantially by factors other than absolute scar size (12,40). In this regard, the present data from a large cohort of HCM patients support the idea that even small areas of DE may be sufficient to promote arrhythmias.
Although our cross-sectional data suggest an association between DE and ventricular arrhythmias in HCM, prospectively designed studies in large patient populations are required to definitively establish DE as causally related to sudden death risk. Therefore, at present, it is premature to regard DE as a primary risk factor for HCM patients. Nevertheless, the data presented here may be relevant to clinical decision-making and considerations for prophylactic ICD therapy in individual patients. The findings suggest that DE, representing an abnormal myocardial substrate, may have some role in increasing arrhythmic risk mediated by NSVT. Therefore, in selected patients, it is possible that some weight can be given to areas of DE as an arbitrator in reaching recommendations for prophylactic ICDs when ambiguity remains concerning individual patient risk of sudden death after assessing the conventional risk factors (2,3,31,34). However, we wish to emphasize that it is not our intent to promote a strategy of ICD implantation in all HCM patients with DE (with or without NSVT). Rather, such ambiguous management decisions involving DE should be carried out with patient autonomy considerations and the desires of the fully informed patient contributing to the resolution (34).
In this analysis, we defined DE by using a cutoff of ≥6 SD above the mean signal intensity of normal myocardium. At present, there is no general consensus on this strategy or criterion (particularly in nonischemic cardiomyopathy), and earlier investigators have used a number of different approaches for the identification of DE, including visual assessment (without threshold) (29,41) as well as 2-SD (29,41) and 6-SD thresholds (15,27–29,41). In our experience, the amount of DE quantified with the 6-SD technique most closely approximates that assessed by visual inspection, with the cutoff of 2 SD yielding 22% greater amounts of DE than a cutoff of 6 SD. Our decision to use a threshold of 6 SD was based on the understanding that it provides the highest specificity for detection and quantification of myocardial fibrosis (15,28,29).
Among largely asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic patients with HCM, DE was associated with increased occurrence and frequency of ventricular tachyarrhythmias on ambulatory Holter ECG monitoring. Consequently, contrast-enhanced CMR likely identifies areas of myocardial fibrosis which represent a substrate for ventricular tachyarrhythmias in HCM and a subgroup of patients with increased susceptibility to potentially life-threatening arrhythmias. These data support the necessity for future longitudinal follow-up studies to clarify whether DE should be established as an independent risk predictor for sudden death in HCM.
Dr. Adabag is supported in part by the Veterans Administration Clinical Science Research and Development Service (grant no. 04S-CRCOE 001), Washington, DC.
cardiovascular magnetic resonance
delayed enhancement
implantable cardioverter-defibrillator
left ventricular/ventricle
NSVT
nonsustained ventricular tachycardia
premature ventricular contraction
receiver-operating characteristic
Revision received November 2, 2007.
Accepted November 26, 2007.
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(2005) Standardizing the definition of hyperenhancement in the quantitative assessment of infarct size and myocardial viability using delayed contrast-enhanced CMR. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 7:481–485.
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(1987) Relation between extent of left ventricular hypertrophy and occurrence of ventricular tachycardia in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Am J Cardiol 60:1137–1142.
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(2000) Sudden death in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: identification of high risk patients. J Am Coll Cardiol 36:2212–2218.
(2003) Contemporary considerations for risk stratification, sudden death and prevention in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Heart 89:977–978.
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Link M.S.,
(2000) Efficacy of implantable cardioverter-defibrillators for the prevention of sudden death in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. N Engl J Med 342:365–373.
(2007) Implantable cardioverter-defibrillators and prevention of sudden cardiac death in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. JAMA 298:405–412.
Jayatilleke I.,
Doolan A.,
Ingles J.,
(2004) Long-term follow-up of implantable cardioverter defibrillator therapy for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Am J Cardiol 93:1192–1194.
Estes N.A.M. III.,
Maron M.S.,
Almquist A.K.,
Udelson J.E.
(2003) Primary prevention of sudden death as a novel treatment strategy in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Circulation 107:2872–2875.
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(2004) Delayed contrast enhancement of MRI in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Magn Reson Imaging 22:155–161.
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(2008) Late hyperenhancement in gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging: comparison of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy patients with and without nonsustained ventricular tachycardia. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging 24:77–83.
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text:
Q: Creating a "DWH like" Star Schema in MySQL I am pretty new to databases and SQL in general and have a pretty important task that I do not know how to solve.
Given that I have a Company (Company A) with three different subsidiaries (Sub A, Sub B, Sub C). All three subsidiaries produce the same products which can be divided into three product categories:

*

*Product Category A

*Product Category B

*Product Category C

My task is to create a star scheme that allows me to get the following information: Total Revenues of Sub A and Sub B for every Product from Product Category B.
The needed format of the result is a table containing three columns "Subsidiary Name", "Product Name" and "Revenue".
What I have been trying to do so far, is to create the following Fact Table, Dimension and Keys.
The Primary Keys of the Dimensions are connected to the Foreign Keys of my Fact Table.

So my questions are:

*

*Am I even on the right track or is this approach completely wrong?

*How would I actually "fill" my tables with example data to be able to write a query that answers the given question above?

*How would such a query look like?
For now, I am using a local MySQL server created with XAMPP and am connecting to this using IntelliJ IDEA Ultimate 2016. The diagramm above has also bee created using this software.
I hope that someone is able and willing to help me.
Also, please forgive any mistakes (or please tell me what I did wrong) as I am both new to SQL and especially new to Stackoverflow.
Kind regards
Edit:
I have used a different tool to create and visualize my tables. Also, as fenix mentioned, I have added several different Dimensions such as a Time/Date Table. However, in order to solve my task, I suppose I only need the two Dimensions dimCompany (Which represents the different subsidiaries) and dimProduct.

A: *

*You are on the track to it proper. School example of how data mart should be structured. Real-life example will possibly contain native keys of companyID, productID and salesID. Please add PK_sales or PK_fact (whatever you prefer). Event (one sale) without date or time-stamp is rarely to happen but if this is just some proof of concept, maybe you can go without it.

*Do you have some data or you want to made up some data?

*

*You can create some example data inside excel using RANDBETWEENfunction.

*Many MySQL client tools have option to import data from excel, csv or txt files.

*Or you can use some of free data integration tools like Pentaho Kettle and Talend Open Studio. If it is too much at this moment avoid this step. However, it will give you good insight what DI tools are and how DWH could be populated (in real-life example).

*It would be something like this:

SELECT dp.ProductName,sum(fs.revenue) as total_revenue
FROM fact_sales fs
JOIN dim_product dp ON fs.FK_Product = dp.PK_Product
JOIN dim_company dc ON fs.FK_Company = dc.PK_Company
WHERE dp.Product_Type = 'Product Category B'
AND dc.CompanyName IN ('Sub A','Sub B')
GROUP BY dp.PK_Product;
Unfortunately, some of Data Marts are not well structured so it doesn't contain referential integrity (anti-pattern), so you would have to go with LEFT JOIN instead of INNER JOIN. Note that INNER JOIN is same as JOIN. A bit about JOIN you can visualise here.
Edit:
Regarding your comment, it's hard to make good balance not to make this answer too broad because this QA site should serve for specific questions and answers.
Since DWH is still a databases, it inherited most of databases principles. One of those are table keys. Primary Key is unique row identifier, and when database design allows (in DWH world it always should be) keys are integers (big integers exactly). See this for more info.
Purpose? You can have two companies with same names but different states, so you need some key to distinct them.
Why it should be integer? It's more technical question, and one of the answers is of query optimisation. CPU will match two integers (4 or 8 bytes) much faster rather than strings (VARCHARin database world) with 100+ bytes (or however you specify).
Why someone uses VARCHAR as primary key? Well, sometimes, being as native as possible is good approach. So, VARCHAR primary key for product could be combination of product brand and counter (from supplier), and if you are re-seller, ERP could give Microsoft Office 2016 key like MCR-OFF-123. In DWH it is recommended to store native key (whatever it is, int or varchar) and to assign surrogate primary key.

Sub A has the key '1', Sub B has the key '2

quote from your comment.
Yes, you're right.


text:
Uvalde shooting victims aren't getting compensated from state fund as intended, officials say
The Texas Tribune | By Sneha Dey
Evan L'Roy for The Texas Tribune
Hundreds of flowers, toys and candles surround crosses honoring the 21 victims of the mass shooting at Robb Elementary School in Uvalde.
State Sen. Roland Gutierrez and Uvalde Mayor Don McLaughlin said Monday that families of the Uvalde shooting victims are experiencing delays in getting compensation benefits from the state and that the compensation has been insufficient.
Gutierrez, whose district includes Uvalde, and McLaughlin are calling on Gov. Greg Abbott to remove Uvalde County District Attorney Christina Mitchell Busbee from overseeing victims' services and to bring in the Texas Division of Emergency Management instead.
Gutierrez and McLaughlin penned a letter to the governor saying that one Uvalde family was at risk of having the power cut off in their home while their daughter was in the hospital. Other families have been offered compensation of two weeks' pay, which Gutierrez and McLaughlin called "meager."
"These families cannot begin to heal unless they are given time to grieve free from financial worry. There is no worse pain imaginable than losing a child. This pain is made all the more severe because of the way these children were killed and injured," Gutierrez wrote in a statement. "In short, the State of Texas ought to use every available resource in law to make these families whole."
Local and state officials opened the Uvalde Together Resiliency Center in June to provide long-term support services to Uvalde residents after a gunman killed 19 children and two educators at Robb Elementary on May 24. Resources offered at the center include crisis counseling, behavioral health care and child care services for survivors and first responders.
The governor's public safety office made an initial $5 million investment to establish the center. It's unclear how much the state has allocated for victims' compensation benefits. In announcing the center's opening, Abbott said the local district attorney would take the initial lead on services, coordinating efforts between local support organizations and state agencies.
The district attorney's office is also handling one of the investigations into the shooting. Busbee told ABC News last week that she has been meeting with victims' families to provide updates about the investigation and "make sure that they're getting the resources that they need." Busbee did not immediately respond to a request for comment about Gutierrez and McLaughlin calling for her replacement.
McLaughlin and Gutierrez wrote in their letter that the district's office is neither equipped nor staffed to provide adequate services.
The two previously criticized the state and the Uvalde County district attorney's office for their handling of the response to the shooting. McLaughlin has accused the state of selectively releasing records that scapegoat local police and has said the district attorney's office has left Uvalde city officials out of briefings about the investigation.
Gutierrez is suing the Department of Public Safety for withholding records related to the shooting. The Democratic state senator also said it was a "slap in the face" to be left out of the Legislature's special committee to investigate the Uvalde shooting.
From The Texas Tribune
Crime & Justice Uvalde ShootingDivision of Emergency Management
Uvalde schools police Chief Pete Arredondo resigns from city council
In a letter to the city, Arredondo said he was stepping down from his elected position, citing a desire to "minimize further distractions."
Frustration, distrust mount in Uvalde as families search for justice
Camille Phillips
A couple dozen family members of victims of the Robb Elementary shooting attended Uvalde's city council meeting Thursday looking for answers. They said they want transparency and accountability, but city officials said they couldn't share any new information or hold anyone accountable at this time.
The school at the center of the Uvalde, Texas, shooting will be rebuilt
The school will be demolished so "students and staff will not have to return to the building at the site of the tragedy," the district said.
Biden signs gun safety bill into law
Don Clyde
The president's signing comes just over a month after the mass shooting at an elementary school in Uvalde, Texas, killed 19 children and two adults.
Texas senator who represents Uvalde sues DPS over school shooting information request
Julián Aguilar
Roland Gutierrez, a San Antonio Democrat whose district includes Uvalde, said DPS has "unlawfully denied" his request and hasn't responded to the senator within the timeframe set forth in Texas law.
Mayors from across Texas call for special session on guns, school safety and mental health
The bipartisan coalition of city leaders said at least two of the state's recent tragedies – in Uvalde and El Paso – could have been prevented if some of the changes they're advocating for were already in place.
The police response at Robb Elementary was a failure, a Texas official says
It took about an hour and 14 minutes from when officers arrived at the school to when they breached the door and ended the standoff with the gunman.
'If there's kids in there, we need to go in': Uvalde officers were ready with guns but not clear orders
The Texas Tribune has reviewed law enforcement transcripts and footage that federal and state investigators are examining after the May 24 tragedy.
Del Valle ISD school board demands new gun restrictions after Uvalde massacre
Becky Fogel
Trustees approved a resolution calling on lawmakers to pass gun control legislation to prevent mass shootings. They're demanding elected officials at all levels work together on solutions to keep campuses and communities safe.
Texans join calls for gun reform during nationwide 'March for Our Lives' rallies
The rallies across the country came the same weekend a bipartisan group of U.S. Senators agreed in principle to a package of gun-reform laws.


text:
Sunday, 10 October 2021 — Sunday, 10 October 2021
Support PanKind Australian Pancreatic Cancer Foundation in the Sunshine Coast Marathon 2021
Located on the stunning Sunshine Coast, Queensland an hour's drive north of Brisbane this not-for-profit event has been timed to make the most of the ideal Queensland winter running conditions. Blue skies, low humidity and mild temperatures combined with a flat course always enable fast times.
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Experience one of Australia's most loved courses
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I am very fond of Drizzt Do'Urden despite my dissatisfaction with the path this series of novels took. There is a point in which it seemed to lose its spirit to the mercantile demand. Maybe someday I would give the rest of the novels in Drizzt Do'Urden's series another chance, just to see where that road leads, but not for the moment. But as I said, I am quite fond of this character and the earlier novels featuring Drizzt Do'Urden are some of my favourite fantasy stories. Another thing that I love at the R.A. Salvatore's novels with the legendary drow as main character is the amazing work done by Todd Lockwood for the book covers. Todd Lockwood is one of the most gifted artists and the face he gave to Drizzt Do'Urden is memorable. I stopped reading the novels at some point, but I remain an admirer of the book covers drew by Todd Lockwood, regardless of the fact that they are for the earlier novels I love or for the later ones that I did not follow. The latest example is the cover artwork for R.A. Salvatore's "The Last Threshold", the four instalment in the new series featuring Drizzt Do'Urden, "Neverwinter". As a matter of fact, the front cover doesn't do justice to the entire piece realised by Todd Lockwood, I believe that the entire drawing unfolds on the back cover. But if you head over to Todd Lockwood's blog you can admire the entire drawing in its full glory, with an appearance of Guenhwyvar and together with a detail of the book cover too. Also the colours are friendlier there and allow all the details to be seen better. It is yet another wonderful rendering of Drizzt Do'Urden by the magnificent Todd Lockwood.


Corporate Jet Support is a leading provider of the finest Gulfstream jet parts on the east coast. We helped in the early stages of their growth from Teterboro Airport in NJ to numerous tri-state area airports. Some of our work included a special die-cut cover of a Gulfstream plane along with using actual model airplane parts for unique promotions.


text:
Jayakrishnan Chandrappan
Course: Chemical and Process Engineering PhD
PhD title: Femtosecond laser plasma assisted rare-earth doping in silica for integrated optics
Year of graduation: 2016
Job title: Head of Packaging
Company: Compound Semiconductor Applications (CSA) Catapult
LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/jayakrishnan-chandrappan-405426a8/
Now Head of Packaging at CSA Catapult, Jayakrishnan Chandrappan is a School of Chemical and Process Engineering alumni. Exceptionally, he completed his PhD in just two years – the minimum period of study – which is an outstanding achievement. During his postgraduate studies, Jayakrishnan won multiple awards, including a prestigious competition organised by the Royal Society of Chemistry.
Funding a PhD in Chemical and Process Engineering
Jayakrishnan joined for a PhD with a University of Leeds scholarship and then secured the impressive Marie Skłodowska-Curie Individual Fellowship as an experienced researcher during his first year of study.
"The fellowship is highly competitive," said Jayakrishnan. "It aims to enhance the creative and innovative potential of experienced researchers wishing to diversify their competence and skills by taking a multidisciplinary approach. It is delivered through advanced training, and enables both international and intersectoral mobility.
"The fellowship supported a project entitled 'Mid-Infra-Red Integrated Photonic Sensor for Health and Environment (MIRIPSHE),' which involved developing advanced silicon compound sensor technology for monitoring health and the environment."
Jayakrishnan added: "The support of my supervisor, Professor Gin Jose, was crucial in preparing and submitting my proposal and securing the prestigious Marie Skłodowska-Curie Individual Fellowship, funded by EU Horizon 2020. The accolade acknowledged my talent globally."
Leading technological developments at CSA Catapult
Jayakrishnan decided to study a PhD at the University of Leeds after one and half decades of international experience in the industry and industrial research. Following his PhD, Jayakrishnan continued his career in industrial research and built on his repertoire of knowledge. This led to him becoming Head of Packaging at CSA Catapult, where he is responsible for the planning and execution of advanced packaging technology development that is central for realising the next-generation compound semiconductor devices and systems.
He said: "In my role at CSA Catapult I am at the forefront of innovation by leading a team of interdisciplinary engineers to develop package interconnect and integration technologies. These technologies are for high frequency, high speed, and high power applications for devices and systems used in communication and sensing, industrial, automotive, and aerospace sectors. This challenging role also allows me to work closely on collaborative research with leading industry partners for accelerating the adoption of compound semiconductor applications.
In my role at CSA Catapult I am at the forefront of innovation by leading a team of interdisciplinary engineers to develop package interconnect and integration technologies.
Jayakrishnan Chandrappan, CSA Catapult
Jayakrishnan continued: "Soon after university life, I joined Centre for Process Innovation Ltd., a founding member of the UK Government's High Value Manufacturing Catapult, as a Technology Manager and Principal Scientist. My job role involved in setting up the National Centre for Healthcare Photonics in County Durham, which is for the commercialisation of photonics-enabled healthcare research."
He added: "I joined my PhD after significant industrial research and industry experience. At that time, I realised a lack of suitable materials are hampering the growth of wide bandwidth IoT. That's why I decided to study for a PhD at University of Leeds, as it would enable me to engineer novel functional materials for diverse applications."
Developing new technology through postgraduate research
At the University of Leeds, Jayakrishnan's studies supported the Applied Photon Science research group in a successful £5.2m EPSRC grant application 'SeaMatics,' for the pilot manufacturing of functional materials and is currently a consultant to this project. Professor Gin Jose supervised Jayakrishnan, who explained Professor Jose was very supportive.
Jayakrishnan said: "During my PhD, I developed an 'Ultrafast Laser Plasma-assisted Doping process' (ULPD), and accomplished a record high doping of rare-earth elements in-silica, suitable for manufacturing compact 'optical amplifiers,' which is a device that amplifies an optical signal without the need to convert it into an electrical signal.
"Professor Gin Jose is a dynamic and encouraging supervisor, who aims to unleash the potential of his students and propel their career to new heights. He helped me to channel my industry experiences into very effective research, which is why I was able to complete the PhD in two years."
Professor Gin Jose is a dynamic and encouraging supervisor, who aims to unleash the potential of his students and propel their career to new heights.
He added: "It is with Professor Jose's support that I was able to produce numerous high-quality publications, including Nature's Scientific Reports papers, a Patent, and the formation of a new start-up company in Leeds: these were some highlights from my research activity during my PhD."
Professor Gin Jose in the Integrated Photonics Laboratory
Award-winning research
Jayakrishnan was selected as one of the top three postgraduate researchers of the year 2015 at the University of Leeds. He was also rewarded by the Royal Society of Chemistry for his academic excellence.
He said: "In 2015, I won the Royal Society of Chemistry's annual Emerging Technologies Showcase competition and I was also selected as one of the top three postgraduate researchers at the University of Leeds."
He continued: "The Royal Society's competition accelerates the commercialisation of impactful ideas in healthcare, energy and sustainability, and materials. The event was backed by multinational partner companies such as GlaxoSmithKline, Croda, Procter & Gamble, Pfizer, AstraZeneca, GE Healthcare, Schlumberger and Lubrizol.
"In 2015, the Emerging Technologies Competition was held in London, where 30 finalists from across Europe pitched their ideas to panels of industry experts."
Collaborations, personal and professional development
After many years of living in Singapore, Jayakrishnan moved to the UK to work and study. Leeds is a charming small city, which has everything needed for students and family fun, he explained. Jayakrishnan was also attracted to Leeds because of its diverse and vibrant mutli-culture. During his studies, he developed personally and professionally because of the location of the University and its resources.
"Collaborations were a significant part of my research," said Jayakrishnan. During my PhD I had the option to collaborate with a number of universities in the UK, including York, Sheffield, Cambridge, and Glasgow; and in Europe, including the Hungarian Academy of Sciences in Hungary, and HORIBA Scientific in France. This gave me good exposure and connections to experts in my domain.
During my PhD I had the option to collaborate with a number of universities in the UK... which gave me good exposure and connections to experts in my domain.
"The University provided me with the right kind of training as and when needed it. I was able to participate in competitions, and undertake presentation training, which included mock presentation trials. Both technical collaborations, group events – such as researcher training and fun activities – enhanced my experience of the University's postgraduate community."
Jayakrishnan added: "Leeds changed my profile, radically promoting both personal and professional development, and enabled me to expand my international outlook."


These designer dog tags appeal to both men and women with their balance of masculinity meets feminine, refinement and bold street style.
LOS ANGELES, CA - August 17, 2009 - Jeffrey Levin, an artisan jewelry designer originally from Cape Town, South Africa, redefines classic dog tag necklaces with his sophisticated interpretation. The clean lines and elegant simplicity of Jeffrey Levin's dog tag collection make these pendants a timeless collectible.
The collection features small, medium and large sized dog tags in precious metals and sterling silver on handcrafted chain, rolo gold chain, ball and bead chain necklaces. They are available plain or in a variety of styles for women including dog tags adorned with Jeffrey Levin's signature pendant heart charm, cross or daisy charm as well as dog tags embellished with just a single white or cognac diamond. Men's Dog Tag pendants also feature plain styles which look bold in the large size in the sterling silver dog tag or rose gold especially, and for a little more edge, the black diamond dog tags designed in the "River" collection.
A signature of Jeffrey Levin's jewelry, his dog tags are designed to be worn layered or alone. They are incredibly touchable, tactile pieces that go with everything.
Jeffrey Levin's handcrafted dog tags are available through the shopping site www.jeffreylevin.com along with his gold stacking rings designs, pave diamond eternity bands, silver bands with black diamonds, handcrafted link bracelets, handcrafted chains, engraved bangle bracelet, drop and hoop charm earrings and a variety of charm fashion.


Happy Birthday, sweet girl. You were our most planned baby so far, but still the biggest surprise. Hearing Daddy say, "We have a girl!" was one of the best moments of my life. We didn't know how much we needed your feminine little spirit in our lives. I pray I can teach you to be better than I am – to be more patient, more self-controlled, more selfless. You're so beautiful, so happy, so spunky, so easy-going, so vocal.
I worry sometimes with the adoption process starting when you are so little that you'll think you were somehow not enough for us on your own. You were and you are. We love you more than you can possibly imagine, and you have an incredibly special spot in our hearts. You'll never know our family without adoption, and I'm both happy and sad about that. I hope what comes out of it is that you'll think of adoption as the norm, and will be a passionate orphan advocate yourself when you get bigger. God has such a special plan for your life.
We thank Him for you every day, Princess Pie.


Sensibility and practicality define the 2019 Toyota Highlander. Under the hood you'll find a 6 cylinder engine with more than 270 horsepower, and for added security, dynamic Stability Control supplements the drivetrain. Toyota prioritized comfort and style by including: 1-touch window functionality, a built-in garage door transmitter, a trip computer, heated door mirrors, a power liftgate, power windows, and power seats. Features such as automatic climate control and leather upholstery prove that economical transportation does not need to be sparsely equipped. Passengers in the third row enjoy seat back reclining functionality, providing an extra level of comfort and convenience. For drivers who enjoy the natural environment, a power moon roof allows an infusion of fresh air. Premium sound drives 6 speakers, providing you and your passengers a sensational audio experience. Toyota ensures the safety and security of its passengers with equipment such as: head curtain airbags, front side impact airbags, traction control, brake assist, a security system, and 4 wheel disc brakes with ABS. Adaptive cruise control maintains a pre set distance behind the car ahead of you, simplifying highway driving and enhancing safety. With a friendly and knowledgeable sales staff, superb customer care, and competitive prices, we're looking forward to serving you.


4D Glass is a project that uses a computer-generated wireframe model as decoration on a physical object.
Designer Jonathan Krawczuk has taken a wine glass and engraved its surface with a 3D representation of the same glass modelled on a computer.
'4D Glass' forges a relationship between an on screen, computer generated model and the actual physical object.
When creating a 3 dimensional representation on a computer programme a 'skeleton' of the object is formed, known as the wireframe.
In an attempt to fuse the virtual and the physical world, this wireframe has been engraved onto the surface of the glass. This concept sees the computer being used to automate a linear pattern, specific to the object itself.


text:
Nympho Diver: G-String Festival
Posted by On August - 20 - 2013
Nympho Diver: G-String Festival (1981)
Director: Atsushi Fujiura
Writers: Kazuhiko Ban and Atsushi Fujiura
Starring: Eri Anzai, Rima Aono, Kazuyo Ezaki, and Maki Kawamura
The Plot: In a small coastal Japanese village, the mayor finds himself in a bit of a pickle. The town is missing any sort of allure or draw to outsiders, and the entire community is suffering because of it. In the past, there was once a team of female divers that regularly drew the attention of the outside world due to their very risque clothing. Unfortunately, the only diver left is well into her middle-age years. So, the mayor and the dive team send Nobuo, a charming young man who is apparently able to grab the attention of any female he makes a play for, into the big city in order to draw a handful of women back to their small town. The girls are all young, perky, and easily persuaded into taking this wacky job. Soon enough, a love triangle develops around Nobuo, and a local perverted monk makes a play for one of the girls. Crazy hijinks ensue.
Continue reading "Nympho Diver: G-String Festival" »
Retard-O-Tron III released
The art of the video mixtape is one that few could hope to master. It takes a dark sense of humor and a love of all things profane. So, it shouldn't come as a surprise that Cinema Sewer mastermind Robin Bougie would be involved in one of the most "well-respected" series within this genre: The Retard-O-Tron video mixtape. In this third outing, which took multiple years to complete, the creators seem to have packed as much insanity into their product as humanly possible. Check out this press release and search out the mother of all video mixtapes!
So, here it is. Retard-O-Tron III! The long wait is over, and the insanity is once again about to commence. ROT3 is a demented but fun hell-ride through that bad neighborhood of video, TV, porn, home videos, cinema, and found footage. It's the dvd you put on at a party to find out who your real friends are!
What's that? You want some fun facts about Retard-O-Tron III? Here you go:
* This third volume is being released on August 17th 2013. Mark your calendar, because that is when the riots start.
* Retard-O-Tron I was released in December 2005, and Retard-O-Tron II in December 2008. Retard-O-Tron was a major inspiration on a whole underground movement of modern generation of mixtapers, and this new volume of filth, crusty wizardry, and emotional nausea is expected to save freedom, cure depression, and inspire nightmares.
* The running time is 90 minutes, and there is a drunken-yet-informative audio commentary by Cinema Sewer/Sleazy Slice magazine creator Robin Bougie and friends amongst the extra features on the dvd release.
* The dvd version can be bought from the dvd section of the Cinema Sewer online store, which is located here: http://cinemasewer.ecrater.com/
* As with the previous volumes, a free downloadable version will also be made available somewhere in December.
* 3 years of work were put into compiling offbeat and wonderful clips from around the globe from a variety of sources, and unlike the earlier volumes, only "original edits" make up the running time. As with each successive volume, it is a far superior product, and editor Roelewapper and presenter Robin Bougie are thrilled to bring it to you!
Trailer: Click Here
Shop: Click Here
Guillotines, The
The Guillotines (2012)
Director: Andrew Lau
Writers: Aubrey Lam, Joyce Chan, Jojo Hui Yuet-Chun, Peter Tsi, Junli Guom, and Koon-nam Lui
Starring: Xiaoming Huang, Ethan Juan, Purba Rgyal, Tian Gao, and Jimmy Wang Yu
The Plot: The Guillotines are a special group of warriors compiled with the goal of protecting the Qing dynasty. They are magnificent fighters who help control the flow of the kingdom from the shadows. Their weapon of choice is a spinoff of the flying guillotine, and they are well known for taking the head off of their enemies. However, they may have met their match when they confront a mystical man named Wolf (Huang Xiaoming) who is the leader of a cult-like group known as The Herders. They at first capture Wolf, but due to his committed cohorts, he quickly escapes from prison. Now it is up to The Guillotines, lead by Leng (Ethan Juan) and Haidu (Shawn Yue), to track him down and bring about justice. However, Leng and Haidu have their own problems. Leng, a Han-chinese born (like Wolf, and unlike the Manchurian government he is fighting for), has grew to consider The Guillotines as his only true family. Haidu, however, views the group as being expendable in order to protect the kingdom. As these two have their clashes, they will also find a very powerful and persuasive "villain" with Wolf.
Continue reading "Guillotines, The" »
King of the Streets, The
King of the Streets (2012)
Director: Yue Song, Zhong Lei
Writers: Yue Song, Zhong Lei
Starring: Yue Song, Li YuFei, Yang JianPing, and Kang En
The Plot: Feng (Yue Song) is a young man that has just got out of prison. As a teen, the young man was known as The Street Fighter and regularly demonstrated his skill. After accidentally killing one of his opponents though, Feng was given eight years in prison to think about how he applies his martial skill. After his release, Feng tries his best to avert any trouble, but when he runs into a beautiful young woman (Li YuFei) who needs his help, he finds himself defending both her as well as the orphanage that she looks after. This means he will be going headfirst into combat with a group of thugs who run an underground streetfighting group.
Continue reading "King of the Streets, The" »
Better Tomorrow (2010), A
Diamond Ninja Force
Assassin's Blade, The
3 Evil Masters


You can reach Club Nautic Port d'Aro by calling VHF9.
Club Nautic Port D'Aro, also known as Port D'Aro, is situated in the cosmopolitan resort Platja D'Aro in Costa Brava. It has 829 berths and modern facilities for its guests. This resort is one of the most popular on this side of the coast, having fantastic beaches and a wide range of activities that are destined to make travellers feel at home. Platja D'Aro offers the perfect environment for water sports like flyboarding, windsurfing, diving and more during the summertime. The 8 beaches in Platja D'Aro can be admired and enjoyed all day long. Active tourists are welcome to try some of the most controversial water sports and leisure activities that can redefine an entire journey. Tourists can also visit a few cultural and historical attractions, such as The Dolls Museum or Benedormiens Castle. Also, the landscapes are spectacular and beautiful sights can be seen during tours and bike or boat trips. This destination is electrifying and a perfect escape from the urban agglomeration.
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We strongly advise you to check the weather in Club Nautic Port d'Aro before your trip.
Club Nautic Port d'Aro is located in Catalonia.
This map shows Club Nautic Port d'Aro's specific location.