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A New Lane Winslow....
When I contemplate that my seventh Lane Winslow Mystery will be released into the world in April of 2020, I am nearly at a loss for words. All that come are the exaggerated, clichéd words we always apply to everything from a ham sandwich to a cataclysmic volcanic eruption plunging us into an eternal winter; "amazing", "incredible", "unbelievable", "dude!".
I never thought there would be a first book, let alone a seventh. I simply wrote them out of a desire to spend time with people I love, in places I enjoy, during a period that fascinates me, together with an ample supply of murders. The fact that readers enjoy all these things as well is, I must say, an absolute delight to me.
So what is in A Match Made For Murder? Had we better address the elephant in the room? Lane Winslow's situation is considerably altered. She is married. At the recent Vancouver Writer's Festival I was challenged on this: Could she continue to engage the readers now that she is married? Where will the tensions in the stories come from?
It's a funny thing about marriage in the literary world. A woman in a book apparently drops right off the face of the earth if she marries, and yet, much of the focus of the readers during the earlier life of that woman has been the earnest desire to see her become someone's wife. A sort of Jane Austen syndrome. She is married, brava! But she is no longer interesting.
I know of actual people who found me interesting before I married and have continued to do so afterwards, showing, I must say real fortitude, because I have been married for forty years. I dare say there are other married women who have found the same. So, as I said in answer to that question at the festival, getting married, while not such a draw in these times, was often a very normal outcome of a serious romance in the 1940s.
The trick, of course, is what becomes of that woman. In many places the social expectations of the day still required that the woman give up her job, if she has one, and stay home to delight in her newfangled appliances and bring up a couple of extremely tidy children. Even my own mother, upon whom the whole idea of Lane was originally based, as unusual and bohemian as she was (she was often called this by people who struggled to explain her, though, sadly, I never saw her draped in long silk scarves), would never have considered not marrying. She even made a completely failed attempt to be uninteresting and domestic. I'm afraid appliances held no magic for her, and her children were what is called 'free range' today, if by that we are to understand that the parents never knew where their children were from dawn to dusk.
Of course, in real life, we are lucky if we find a partner to amuse us, to help with the bills and love the children. An author, however, faced with the marriage to which the activities of the early books has inevitably led, must find a way to continue to build a level of tension, growth, discovery, and even romance in beloved characters, or the series is over.
I believe I am lucky in Lane and Darling. They are interesting on their own, and interesting together. They are intelligent and witty and extremely in love, and have a great deal to learn about one another. Their worldviews will deepen and alter. Darling, whose brusque personality gives way in the face of Lane's love, will have to take what she thinks into consideration because he is courteous and thoughtful, and she brings a new perspective that often matches and expands his own thinking. Lane for her part is incorrigible. She cannot stay out of cases as much as she would like to, because really, she does keep finding bodies, and she has a powerful drive to be useful. This is bound to create interesting tensions. He for example, is terrified for her. She, perhaps, is not terrified enough for herself.
So, I have sent them off on a sunny honeymoon which turns out far from idyllic, and left Ames behind to confront an extremely personal crisis as the dark Kootenay winter closes in. Let's see what happens!
Are poems and mysteries alike?
I was attending the Elephant Mountain Literary Festival in beautiful Nelson, British Columbia recently, and as I listened to readings by two wonderful Canadian poets, Marilyn Bowering and Fred Wah, I found myself asking, as one does; what is the intersection of poetry and mystery? I wrote poetry for a number of years before I started writing mysteries, and I have always considered them unlikely chums; two forms at opposite ends of the literary continuum. One could be tempted to observe that one captures the ethereal, the intangible, the abstract, and the other lives hard on the ground where the rough stuff happens. But… which is which?
I argue that both live on both planes. Both deal in spiritual uncertainty, and both explore the very gritty core of what it means to be human. Both forms are littered with clues, which the reader is put to work making sense of.
For starters, there is the economy of expression required for both forms…the sort of clarity where the author leaves out extraneous words and material, but leaves in what is critical to the final understanding.
A poet is concerned with carving a precise, if not necessarily immediately accessible, image. Poems often capture feelings that live at the edge of our minds, somewhere between the solid world of fact and the half remembered world of dreams, or impressions that appear and are gone, flicking out like fireflies, nameless, but powerful. Marilyn Bowering describes this as like standing in liminal space, on a threshold; neither in nor out, but suspended between the inner and outer worlds.
The mystery writer is concerned with a kind of precision as well. Carefully polishing and highlighting feelings, behaviours, landscapes, that exist in the fictional world of the story. The author lays out, but does not necessarily explain, all the many intangibles of the human condition that underlie the commission of a particular crime. Evidence is presented and left to be considered.
Good writing sends the mind off to wander in places created by that magical partnership between the writer's words and the reader's imagination. Poetry and mystery both require the reader's imagination, and most importantly, engagement, to make sense of the gathering evidence. Though one could say that the solution of a mystery in a novel is uniquely ripe for explanation and reveal, I would argue that the last line or two of a poem often does something similar; it pulls the whole thing together, completes that imagistic circle, revealing the core of what the poet is concerned with; the mystery at the heart of the poem.
Poets often write about what is lost, lamented, remembered. Mysteries too deal with loss; the loss, most obviously of a life, but also the loss of social stability, of what once made sense and seemed safe, of what could be counted on. Mysteries serve as a reminder that, in fact, we all stand on the threshold of life itself, neither in nor out, but ever suspended in between.
The resolution of a poem contains in it a kind of admission of loss as a central condition of human life. A mystery does as well. The criminal may be caught, and society returned to a sense of order, but some of what is unravelled by the commission of this biggest of sins is never really repaired. There is an underlying sadness in even the most satisfying mystery, as there often is in the most satisfying poem.
PS: did you know Lane Winslow is also a poet? That there is one poem by her in every one of the books?
When are you a writer?
I was asked at a recent book reading if I have always thought of myself as a writer. As far back as I can remember, I have. I assumed that being a human was synonymous with being a writer, since both my parents wrote feverishly all the time. My mother was always clacking away on her Remington, waving absentmindedly at me to run along when I would appear with my friend Rolfie and say, "we're going off to play in the train yard. We'll probably be killed falling into an abandoned, rusty oil tanker car."
When he wasn't away inspecting geological specimens, my father, to whom I'd never announce my dangerous play plans, used to hide in a separate man-office and write something my mother called 'God Books'. In later years I learned that he expended his free time writing thousands of pages intent on proving the non-existence of God. When he made no headway with it, he devoted his last few years to showing up the failures of capitalism. No one ever seemed interested in either project, but it kept him off the streets.
So, I knew that sooner or later I too would be sucked into the maw of writing. I took several early stabs at it. As an eight year old I wrote a story about a squirrel that I thought was very good. I still remember the pride I felt presenting it, complete with illustrations, to my 3rdGrade teacher, Senorita Alvarez, because, I thought, "I'm just like my parents now!" Alas, it fell flat with the critics. I suppose one ought to look no further than the illustrations; I once had an 8thgrade student put up a hand as he looked at my notes on the overhead, and ask, "Miss Whishaw, do we have to draw as badly as you?"
After the ignominy of the squirrel, I didn't write anything till I was in my thirties when I wrote a book aimed the middle school audience called "The Silver Button", a fascinating time travel book, no really, based on the true story of my meeting some 14th century ghosts in an English village church. I finally finished it and sent it off and it came swooping back like a boomerang with the judgement that it was not "fast enough for the age group it was intended for". That was the year the first Harry Potter came out. Honestly I wish I'd known then that JK got rejected 12 times, I would have put in more of an effort. However, on the plus side, the book was enough to get me into the Masters program at the UBC creative writing program. I was humbled nearly out of existence by the work shopping process, but managed to produce a collection of short stories, which sit on today in my filing cabinet. I hear them squeaking from time to time, begging to be allowed out to find an audience.
I had a very successful children's book in the 90's, and then another long silence until 2012, when I finally began writing the Lane Winslow mysteries. Slotted in among the quiet years were some poetry publications in obscure journals read by 12 people.
Anyone with a capacity for arithmetic can readily calculate that most of my life was in fact, spent not writing. I mean, I wasn't lying about doing my nails: there was a son to bring up, kids to teach, schools to run. That's what I told myself, anyway.
So, was I a writer when I wasn't writing? I was. I was a suffering, guilt-ridden wreck of a writer. I never forgot for one moment, that I was supposed to be writing and I wasn't, failing in the most basic human expectation. I used to look at my friends; carefree happy people who liked to lunch and travel on all you can eat cruises. People who napped or went golfing without a care in the world. People who never lost a minute of sleep feeling guilty and haunted by not writing. What must that be like? I used to ask myself, wringing my hands. I feared I would never know the freedom of not wanting to write. And I haven't. So let me just say; thank you Lane Winslow. I am no longer haunted. I just write.
to edit.
NEXT STOP!
I am thrilled to be attending the American Library Association Midwinter Meeting in Seattle on the weekend of the 25th of January! First of all: I LOVE libraries. Second of all: I will be signing FREE advance copies of my new book, A Deceptive Devotion (#6), on Saturday, January 26th at the Touchwood Editions booth #2404B from 2-5pm. I can't wait to see you there!
A Gentle Escape into books
On the back of all my many well-thumbed books by PG Wodehouse is a quote from Evelyn Waugh. "Mr. Wodehouse's idyllic world can never stale. He will continue to release future generations from captivity that may be more irksome than our own. He has made a world for us to live in and delight in." I have escaped into the worlds of PG Wodehouse for as long as I can remember, and each time I've gone back to re- read a book, I've noted that the world is indeed more irksome even than the last time I read it.
I imagine we all have our escape books. Besides PG, I escape regularly into Austen. Escaping into either of their worlds is a vacation into a kind of blissful silence. Away from the noise of incessant and increasingly alarming and discouraging news, away from a world that steals contentment with the demands for one's attention and even presence on social media. Away from the idea, fully entrenched, it seems to me, that there is nothing you can afford to ignore because everything is dire.
Take Sense and Sensibility. The lives of the Dashwoods have been busily unfolding somehow on my bookshelf the whole time. They've been born and brought up, and their beloved papa has died, and when I arrive and open my book, they've just reached an awful moment when Mrs. Dashwood and the two Miss Dashwoods are about to be turned out of their comfortable house and sent to live in in a poorly heated cottage in a faraway county. I am immediately absorbed, scandalized. How could this have happened? I pray that Mrs. Dashwood's brother will be guided by kindness and good sense, and I am alarmed every time that he is so easily persuaded by his mean wife to put the Dashwoods out of sight forever.
I have read all the Austen books more times than I can count, and each and every time I am terrified that this time it will turn out badly; that Lizzie Bennet will retire to gentile spinsterhood to care for her tiresome mother, (for who could countenance the idea that she would marry the smarmy, and I'm sure, original model for Uriah Heap, Mr. Collins?) Or what if Miss Anne Elliot accepts the blandishments of the ingratiating confidence trickster, Mr. Elliot, her cousin, because Mr. Wentworth has done the expected thing and married Louisa Musgrove?
Why am I worried every single time, after so many reads, that this time there will be no happy ending? I think it is because in my mind these people are alive, their world exists, and that means that any outcome is still possible. When I open the book, the story, the world created by the author, explodes off the pages and I am completely immersed, genuinely wondering what's gone on since I last was here.
This is on my mind at the moment because the other day I was enormously touched by a letter from a reader who had quite recently lost her elderly father. Her mother, she told me, had taken refuge in my books, and was finding them a comforting distraction in the wake of the loss of her husband of fifty years.
It put me in mind of my reason for writing them in the first place. Of course, I love the intrigue of a mystery series; but more than that, I love the places I'm writing about, and I love to contemplate the lives of decent people in 1947 when faced with the stresses of the recent war, and the dilemmas and trials of what to do, and how to behave when bad things happen. I wanted to frame the place they live, King's Cove, as an idyllic and beautiful refuge to which everyone can return every time, and find it still much the same. The Armstrongs will always be practical and kind, Harris will always be cranky, Angela will always be enthusiastic and attentive to her adventuresome children, the Hughes's gardens will spread like an eden across the top of the hill where they live (and fresh eggs will always be available) and there is always a danger that Alice Mather will have a spell, and set off with her rifle to keep the community safe from cougars. I am just grateful to have provided an interlude at King's Cove where my readers can go when they need a little peace and quiet, with just enough mayhem to keep people reading a little past their bedtime.
What's a writer sans readers? Not much!
When I first began to write I saw it as a 'solitary' activity. Just me, my word processor and my fluffy pink bathrobe. Oh, and my tea, obviously. But what I've learned is that readers are an enormous part of the equation. I am so thankful to readers who reach across the void to send me notes through my website contact (keep those coming!) whether critical or appreciative, and to those who post comments on my social media and especially to those who come out to the events I've been involved with. Recently I've had the opportunity to tour Alberta, Quebec and Ontario and have spoken to great full house audiences here in Vancouver, and I have been thrilled with the reception Lane Winslow is receiving. Meeting readers personally has meant being able to interact with people who have questions and thoughts about the books, that in turn, have made me think about the whole business of writing.
I have discovered recently how these interactions have helped me to understand both my own process and my characters. I get amazingly challenging questions after my readings. Recently a girl of 10 or 11 asked me the most common question of all, "how do you think of your ideas?" and it struck me forcefully, that I'm not awfully sure about the answer to that. I've also had 'how do you balance putting in historical detail with telling a story?' (Or a recent favourite: 'do you have anyone you're dying to kill off in the books?')
It is fair to say that the process of writing has an instinctive quality. I typically do not second-guess myself as I'm going along. I just write. The questions readers ask about the process make me think on my feet, which is inherently exciting, (in that invigorating dangling-off-the-edge-off-a-precipice way), but I often end up thinking about these questions long afterwards, and I've realized how they have helped me to understand and clarify what that instinctive process is when I write.
Take the question about including historical detail. I majored in history in college, so it is tempting to want to include a lot of detail with the idea that it is important for the reader to get a strong sense of the times. But too much detail can alienate readers from the story. My solution, I realized, is to write a scene 'showing' instead of 'telling'. (The central advice of all writing instructors everywhere!) A critical feature of A Sorrowful Sanctuary is the invasion of Czechoslovakia by the Nazis, and instead of 'telling' the reader about it, I wrote in a scene where one of my characters wakes up on the morning of the invasion and must flee. Until I had that question, I had never really thought about how I integrate history, and thanks to feedback I get, I can think more deeply about how I might continue to improve the inclusion of historical detail in a seamless and convincing way.
I often taught my students that reading a book is the building of a relationship between the story and each reader's knowledge and point of view, and thus a book is new every time a new reader picks it up. I see now that that the interchange between reader and writer is just as critical a relationship. (and I'm hoping that I'll find the proper answer to that little girl's question before she's in her twenties!)
The underpinnings of my new book...
In a few short weeks, my new book, A Sorrowful Sanctuary will appear. It is, of course, another Lane Winslow caper, where Lane is able to provide the a kind of 'inside line' on what Darling and Ames are seeing with their new case, thanks to her education and experiences during the war. But it will also remind Lane, that though she has managed to find a paradise on earth to retire to and begin her new life, not even her remote haven is free from the forces that rocked and divided the world, or indeed, if she but knew, would continue to rock it.
Human stories tend to focus on those who have succeeded and risen above setbacks to create a new life. These tales are an optimistic model and inspiration for people; 'if someone who is struggling against every deterrent can survive and prosper, then so can you or I'. But in real life, in every group struggling against odds, there are those who fail and fall by the wayside.
Murder mysteries in some way represent an antithesis to the 'beats all odds' narrative and instead scrabble around in the murky chronicles of the failed, because someone has been killed, and indeed, someone else has done the killing. In the Lane Winslow books there's a pattern of who these people are. The victims are, for the most part, innocent people just wanting their own lives to buck the odds, and they die at the hands of people who are not inherently evil; they are people who either are driven to it by an inability to think of another way out, or whose tangled lives have led them in this direction.
Canada in the postwar period is an attractive country for this sort of story. The image of Canada at the time was imbedded in the illustrations of the day; a clean, robust, productive new land filled with opportunity for the hard working, and stunningly beautiful to boot. But a post war period is messy at the best of times, and as we are seeing now, world events created massive movements of people looking for new, safe places to live their lives. The darker underbelly of the times is that Canada was full of prejudices, especially against anything 'foreign', so while people came here in large numbers all through the twentieth century, each of them has had to overcome the prejudices of the established population, until their own descendants become the establishment.
Thus Lane, who has put in her six years fighting fascism in Europe, is dismayed to find it lying in wait among the beautiful orchards and shimmering lakes where she too has sought a clean and healthy new refuge.
*poster image courtesy of PRINTCOLLECTION.COM
I got such a nice note from a fan a the other day who was holding a book club event in which Death In The Darkening Mist was the chosen book. That was lovely on its own, but her description of the tea, complete with cucumber sandwiches, put me in mind of the teas of my childhood in the community upon which I model King's Cove.
Tea was as necessary to life as the water in the creeks. It was breakfast, mid afternoon and often, for those who seemed unaffected by caffeine, the drink before bed. Most days tea was accompanied by some packaged biscuits, which we more commonly think of as cookies. The two that were ubiquitous that come to mind are both English; digestives and bourbon crèmes. Children were often given arrowroot cookies, which I loved, because when you dunked them in tea they became, I now see in retrospect, an unpleasant fat, soggy, paste sort of texture. If you weren't careful the whole dunked end would cascade into your cup, where you would try to fish it out with a spoon. It was always too late, of course, and the cookie disintegrated, leaving a mess of cookie sog in the bottom of your cup. For some reason I have never understood, arrowroot was good for children. Based, perhaps, on some Victorian consistency scale; soft and pasty, children, grainy and full of roughage, grown ups. My favourite of course, were the bourbon crèmes, though I felt they too were for the grown ups, because they were fancy and tasted good.
And in the summer the glorious high teas. Teas at church fetes, or summer teas on Sundays served outside. These were the teas where the cakes came out, and the egg salad sandwiches, and on a very special day, devilled egg. There was a cake I loved, with nuts and spices and billows of icing, which I have learned is very traditional at English teas; walnut cake. And a sort of pound cake with cherries, and always something with chocolate. Brownies, maybe some sort of single layer cake that predated the sheet cake. There was a kind of fruitcake, ubiquitous in the homes of my elderly British relatives, but rarer in my childhood community. These appeared around Christmas, having been sent from 'the old country', and were kept in round tins and worked on till they were finally gone, some time in February. I and my childhood friends avoided these sinister, dark, slightly burnt-tasting objects. Now of course, I love a good fruitcake.
The church fetes were fantastic. I have been to many a church tea over the years since my childhood, and they have never measured up to the first ones. They were in high summer, always outside under spreading trees on tables set with a myriad of styles of table cloth. Tea wasn't served from an urn. Milk wasn't in a carton. Sugar wasn't in packets. Somewhere offstage water was being boiled constantly, and the china tea pots were full all day long with hot tea. We poured milk out of a little jug into our cups, and added sugar, and a grown up, tsk tsking by the third spoon of sugar, would fill the cup with tea and send us off to sit on a rug on the grass, with urgent warnings not to spill it.
Cakes of every kind lined the tables. Of course, there were sandwiches, and we ate them if any adults were watching. Soft white bread spread with butter or margarine, still very popular after the war, with egg, or cucumber, or canned ham. It was the cake, though, that was of paramount attraction, and for these parish teas bakers put their best foot forward with cakes with three layers, and jam fillings, and icing that looked like a whirling storm at sea. If you were lucky, some of the cakes were not part of the bake sale, and were cut up to serve with the tea. I only ever rebelled at one cake; coconut. To this day I do not care to encounter shreds of coconut, tasteless and like little strips of cardboard, in any cake.
In a world where nearly everything a child was likely to want would 'stunt your growth', I am ever thankful that endless cups of tea with unregulated amounts of sugar and milk, never made the list.
Lane Winslow, Nancy Drew and my mum
I was asked by a woman attending a reading I did recently how I came to choose detective fiction as my chosen genre. When I hear a question like that my mind tumbles down through my years of reading to near the beginning, my Nancy Drew phase.
The Nancy Drew mysteries I read came out of the 30s' and 40s' when Nancy was portrayed as confident and bold. I admired her relationship with her father because she came across almost as his colleague. It mirrored my chummy relationship with my own father, and because of my rather fraught relationship with my powerful mother, it suited me perfectly that Nancy's mother had long since died and provided no impediment to her peace of mind.
No one, in my recollection, was trying to make Nancy marry Ned, or tone it down and she never seemed to be afraid of anything. I aspired to be unafraid, and I loved Nancy for that. Certainly there was very little modeling for hesitation and fearfulness, or even good sense and natural caution, in my house. Nancy Drew was a girl that culturally I could relate to, and whose bravery I could aspire to. And in spite of my adolescent misgivings about my mother, I can see now that she was the very model of what Nancy Drew would surely grow up to be.
After I had run through all the Nancy Drews I could find, I turned to the Hardy Boys, which, as I child I assumed had come along later so that boys would have some wonderful strong characters to read about. (Of course, it was the other way around: she came along in 1930 to attract the female reader.) I wasn't very impressed. The adventures were fine, I'm sure, but they lacked this shining central character, who always appeared in illustrations in some dangerous place at night, armed with nothing but a flashlight, and wearing a lovely dress and those high-heeled, laced or strapped shoes of women of the period. I still love the look of those shoes!
It's probably a mistake not to be afraid of things. I remember the first time I wondered if I ought to be afraid. I was 20 years old and in a situation in a Balkan country in which I had placed myself far from help and with no notion of how the men around me might behave. Fear and caution are natural human emotions that it is prudent to have to hand, but I was disheartened to learn that beginning in the 1950s, under some social pressure I assume, Nancy Drew was made less bold, less back-chatty, more feminine in giving way to fear and her father's expectations. It's probably realistic to assume that someone pursuing a clue in a mineshaft at night on her own OUGHT to be afraid, but I loved it that that in those early books, she didn't seem to be.
I have said from time to time that Lane Winslow is Nancy Drew for grown ups. I don't mean to diminish either character with this. Lane reflects the mad crazy fearlessness of my own mother as I knew her. And here's what I learned about my mother late in her life: she WAS afraid of things and her response was to suit up and go confront them directly. (Exhibit A: a photo I have of my mother at the age of 75 dressed in full fire-fighter's gear after she and her colleagues at the local volunteer fire department have conducted a practice in an actual burning house. She was absolutely terrified of fire.)
Even though I love mysteries that, as Dame PD James said, are good novels, and have wonderful conflicted central male characters like Lord Peter, Dalgleish, Poirot and so on, when I began to write, I never considered for a minute that a man would hold the central spot. How could I with Nancy and my mother keeping a keen and supervisory eye on my output?
Just Get On With It
I had an interesting question asked of me at my recent book launch for It Begins In Betrayal. I was asked about the role of feminism in the actions of my heroine. This is a massive question. I have a character who is clearly a strong individual, and who sets out to be the 'rescuer' in It Begins In Betrayal. Where is a character like that positioned in the question of feminism?
The business of feminism in the post war years is an entire Women's Studies course. Though there are ample histories of bravery and leadership by women coming out of the war years, I write characters based on my own experience of people, in this case my own mother, and the people I knew in the small community I write about, and the stories I heard about my family. Women I knew as a child in that community had been through wars, had lost husbands, or worked on an equal footing with them in agricultural pursuits. They were strong out of necessity, but I perceived them as strong by inclination as well. Everyone I knew just 'got on with it'. My own English aunts just got on with things as well in spite of setbacks or societal expectations.
Based on the balance of power, as I perceived it in my household, I truly believed that women were much stronger than men, and I still remember my genuine surprise at twelve or so when I was finally in a proper school, that society in general called women things like 'the weaker sex'. I was quite shocked when I learned that my father's younger brother married a fully qualified doctor and then immediately forbade her to work. I was disappointed by him, though by then I was in my twenties and I had begun to understand how men lived out their privileges, but I was puzzled by her. Why had she accepted these terms? The most I could ever glean from her in all her uncomplaining years was that she perceived it to be her duty. Subsuming your personal ambitions to duty is very surely a kind of strength as well.
An examination of what went into the solidifying of my mother's strength reveals that though she had social, class and educational advantages, nevertheless she had painful experiences that had a profound influence on her behaviour and attitudes. She was poorly treated by her father, and much disappointed to find that marriage to her husband meant that she would be alone for much of her life, both because he was away for most of the war, and because in peacetime he was away doing geology. These disappointing circumstances undoubtedly strengthened her and fed her desire refuse to settle for a life in which only men could have adventure. She embarked on adventure and doing whatever she darn well wanted to beginning when I was three, and never really let up. My father was certainly powerless to stop her for the most part, and in fact revealed after she died how much he admired her.
She acquired four master's degrees after the age of fifty (much to the delight and admiration of my friends in high school who rarely saw such things) after growing up with little formal education as we know it here, having been educated by governesses and a brief and unhappy stint of boarding school. One of her Master's degrees was in philosophy. She was intolerant of the growing fascination of psychology in the sixties because she believed all it provided was excuses. She believed profoundly in individual will and agency. "Just get on with it," was the strongest lesson of my childhood.
So to answer a question about feminism and my characters, I have to consider what benefit there might have been to women who were 'feminists' by nature, but not attached to any political movements that forward the advancement of women. The world, after all, is full of women who are powerhouses, but not political. I think the service they provide to the advancement of women is to be found in modelling. In this case, especially in the times, modelling strength and agency. Modelling intolerance for the attempt to restrict their movements and activities. Of course, there were women all around Lane trapped in restrictive marriages, or indeed, who believed profoundly in the institution and the proper role of women in the home, but what people like my mother and the many other powerful women I knew did was to model this one fact: it doesn't have to be that way. You can just get on with it.


text:
Nymphidium acherois is een vlindersoort uit de familie van de prachtvlinders (Riodinidae), onderfamilie Riodininae.

Nymphidium acherois werd in 1836 beschreven door Boisduval.

Prachtvlinders

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Crystal Publishing LLC – From your imagination to reality, we can make it happen.
Jenkins Group is proud to announce the winners of the 2018 Moonbeam Children's Book Awards. Launched in 2007, the awards are intended to bring increased recognition to exemplary children's books and their creators, and to celebrate children's books and life-long reading. Congratulations to all the winners!
Congratulations to Keri De Deo! Purchase Nothing but a Song here.
This year's medalist award ceremony will be held on Saturday, November 10th, in Traverse City, Michigan.
The reviews are in on L.T. Garvin's Dancing with the Sandman. Get your copy now!
Check out Our Newsletter to see what is happening at Crystal Publishing as we head into the summer.


Full day workshops run from 9:00 a.m. – 4:00 pm on Sunday, October 14, 2018 at the Community Choice Credit Union Convention Center on the Iowa Events Center campus. Lunch is included with a full day workshop. Credit is not available for the workshops.
This workshop offers a day packed full of knowledge every GSFE Admin should have.
The morning will be all about an amazing tool called GAM. Google Apps Manager is a command line tool you can leverage as a GSuite admin to make your life easier. The workshop will cover installation, updating, and running basic and complex commands to make managing your domain more manageable.
The afternoon will cover automating workflows. Create workflows from the simple to complex. This portion of the workshop will walk you through using Google tools such as Forms and Google Apps Scripting to make automating day-to-day and very complex tasks easier and more efficient.
This will be a hands on workshop, so bring a device that you can run GAM on or from!
This session will assist educators in discovering the power of the Google Apps Suite and prepare them to pass the tests necessary to be recognized as Google Certified Educators in their respective levels. Topics include, but are not limited to, Google Docs/Drive, Sites, Gmail, Calendar, Chrome Browser and review of educational apps. Note that this is a preparation workshop series only and time to take the Google Certified Educator exams is not included in this professional development event. Workshop participants must study for and complete the exams independently.
This workshop will provide an introduction to computer science, pedagogy, overview of Code.org's recently updated online curriculum, teacher dashboard, and strategies for teaching "unplugged" classroom activities. Workshops will be taught by Code.org facilitators in Iowa, and will prepare you to teach the Code Studio courses for grades K-5. For more information about Code.org's goals and approach to courses, please see our curriculum values and our professional learning values. See what else you'll get from attending a workshop.
Price: FREE! Code.org covers the cost of this workshop and lunch for all attendees.
Interested in learning creative ways to bring cross-curricular content into your classroom, school, or district? This full day workshop will be centered around Google's Geo Tools and will teach you their ins and outs, including creative ways that they can be used for student content creation and storytelling. It doesn't matter which age group you work with (K-12) or the type of devices you have in your classroom, you'll leave this workshop with new ideas and resources that you can start using right away!
Get ready for a fun hands-on workshop where you'll learn how to teach Invention Literacy, Making, and Design Thinking using the award winning Makey Makey invention kit used by educators in all 50 states and around the world and featured in TED talks. This workshop is new and being delivered throughout the US. You'll learn best practices and gain access to a multimedia training website that you can use later when you work with others or teach the students you serve.
Half day workshops run from 1:00 p.m. – 4:00 pm on Sunday, October 15, 2017 at the Community Choice Credit Union Convention Center on the Iowa Events Center campus. Lunch is NOT included with a half day workshop. Credit is not available for the workshops.
In this workshop, attendees will work through a breakout, then learn how to build their own breakout game. Registration cost for this workshop also includes a Breakout EDU kit.
Are you up for several hours of fun with free digital media tools? If so, then join this workshop! We'll look at how simple tools for audio, images, and video can prompt higher-order thinking with learning activities, serve as powerful tools for professional development, and promote your school's successes to your community. You'll need a fully-charged laptop or Chromebook (those with iPads will not be able to participate in all activities easily) and a Google account. No previous experience with digital media tools is required.


The present book is intended to collect representative researches around the globe focusing on low-level vision, filter design, features and image descriptors, data mining and analysis, and biologically inspired algorithms. The 27 chapters in this book disclose recent advances and new ideas in promoting the techniques, technology and applications of pattern recognition.
This book reports recent advances in the use of pattern recognition techniques for computer and robot vision. The areas of low level vision such as segmentation, edge detection, and region identification, are the focus of this book.


Accounting Number Format in Excel | How to Apply Accounting Format?
How to use Accounting Number Format in Excel?
In Microsoft excel Accounting number format are mostly used in the finance and accounting department to calculate balance sheet categories like Asset, Cash, Marketable Securities, Prepaid Expenses, Accounts Receivable, Inventory, and Fixed Assets.
In Microsoft Excel, there are several number formatting which allows the user to format the data in a specific manner. In number formatting, we are aware of currency format, same like currency format "Accounting" format in excel are almost similar to each other.
Difference between Currency and Accounting format is shown in the below screenshot.
In Microsoft excel we can find the accounting format under number formatting group which is shown in the below screenshot.
We can format the number to accounting format either by choosing the accounting option in Number group or by right clicking on menu. We will see both the option in the below example.
Also, we can format the number in accounting format by choosing the dollar sign $ in number group which is also one of the shortcuts for accounting number format shown in the below screenshot.
In this example, we will learn how to convert the normal number to accounting format. Consider the below example which shows MRP, Selling Price of the individual product with local, national and zonal prices.
As we can notice that all the number are in general format by default, Assume that we need to convert the "Selling Price" to Accounting Number format along with Local, Zonal and National selling prices.
In order to convert the number to Accounting format follow the below procedure step by step.
First, select the column from E to H where it contains selling price of the individual product which is shown in the below screenshot.
Now go to Number group option and click on the drop-down box. In the drop-down list, we can see the Accounting format option.
Click on the Accounting number format.
Once we choose the Accounting number format we will get the output as ### which is shown below.
As we can notice that once we convert the number to accounting number format, excel will align the dollar sign at the left edge of the cell and display with two decimal points that the reason we are getting the ### hash symbols.
Enlarge all the columns so that we can see the exact accounting format output which is shown below.
In the below result we can see that all the numbers are converted where we can see the Dollar sign$ in each left edge of the cell separated by commas and with two decimal numbers.
In this example, we are going to see how to convert a number using the right click menu. Consider the same above example which shows MRP, Selling Price of the individual product with local, national and zonal prices. We can increase or decrease the decimal places by clicking the "Increase Decimal" and "Decrease Decimal "icon at number group.
To apply accounting number formatting follow the below step by step procedure as follows.
Now Right click on the cell so that we will get the below screenshot which is shown below.
Click on the Format Cells, so that we will get the number formatting dialog box which is shown below.
In the above screenshot, we can see the list of number formatting option.
Select the Accounting option so that it will display the accounting format which is shown below.
Once we increase the decimal places the sample column will display the number with selected decimal numbers which is shown below.
Click OK button so that the selected selling price column will get converted to Accounting number format which is shown as the result in the below screenshot.
In this example, we will see how to sum the accounting number format by following the below steps.
Consider the example which shows sales data for the month of OCT-18.
As we can see that there are normal sales figure in General number format. Now we will convert the above sales figure to accounting format for accounting purpose.
First copy the same B column sales figure next to the C column which is shown below.
Now select the C column and go to number formatting group and choose Accounting which is shown below.
Once we click on the accounting format the selected numbers will get converted to Accounting format which is shown below.
As we can see the difference that C column has been converted to accounting format with a Dollar sign with two decimal places and at the last column for negative numbers accounting format has shown the number inside the parenthesis.
Put the SUM formula in the C13 column which will show the SUM in accounting format.
In the below result we can see that accounting format which automatically uses the dollar sign , decimal places and comma to separate thousand figures where we cannot see those in General number format.
Accounting number format is normally used in financial and accounting purpose.
Accounting number format is the best way to configure the values.
For negative values accounting format will automatically insert the parenthesis.
How to use Auto Numbering in Excel?
How to use Excel Date Function?


text:
Kilts on French Riviera as Scots women make World Cup debut
Footbal News
NICE, France (AP) — In the heat of the French Riviera, Scotland supporters in tartan hats and kilts are springing up across Nice ready for the country's Women's World Cup debut against England on Sunday.
La Promenade des Anglais is taking on the appearance of La Promenade des Écosse. "Ten years ago I would never have dreamt I was going abroad to watch the women's team," fan Arthur Macdonald said. "Now the football is far better. It's better than the men."
The Scottish men haven't been to the World Cup — or any tournament — since 1998. While the men are 44th in the FIFA rankings, the women are at No. 20 and qualified as winners of a European group. They are preparing for a second consecutive tournament after debuting at the European Championship two years ago. Scotland was thrashed 6-0 by England in the group stage and left the Netherlands without a single point with Anna Signeul of Sweden as coach, sparking a study by the federation into what went wrong.
"There's been a huge number of changes over the last two years," Scotland captain Rachel Corsie said Saturday. "This is a whole new tournament, the objectives have been set for us as a group and we know what we're asking of one another."
While Scotland is unlikely to be leaving France with any medals, coach Shelley Kerr is already sure of one. In the Queen's Birthday Honors List on the eve of the game, Kerr was named an MBE, or Member of the Order of the British Empire, in recognition of a career that includes titles as manager of Arsenal's women's team.
It's a career that began for the senior national team in 1989 against England. "We lost 3-0 and I'm hoping for a better result than that tomorrow," Kerr said. "To see the journey that Scottish women's football has been on is incredible. Forget performance for a moment. We look at legacy as well. It's been a great journey for us."
Unlike at Euro 2017, Scotland has Kim Little available after the Arsenal midfielder missed out on a tournament debut because of injury. With 132 international appearances, Little scored her 53rd goal in a 1-0 victory against Brazil — part of a five-match unbeaten run for the Scots.
England will be an even sterner test, sitting third in the rankings below the defending champions from the United States and Germany. "I think looking at the Euro 2017 game they were hit with a lot of injuries to key players and they've got those players back now," England captain Steph Houghton said. "They've grown a lot over the last two years. They've qualified for their first World Cup and they've beaten Brazil, and they're definitely a lot stronger with those players in the squad."
Athlete injuries,
Athlete health,
Scotland,
Western Europe,
OGC Nice,
Ligue 1,
France National Soccer Team,
England National Soccer Team
Parris overcomes nerves to lead England to win against Scots
Despite FIFA ticket boast, most World Cup games not sold out
Japan holds off Scotland 2-1 at Women's World Cup
England uses star names to reveal Women's World Cup squad
Phil Neville brought a new mentality to England
Notebook Deals
Smart Home Alarm
GPS Route App

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


SYRACUSE – Wawasee's softball complex certainly wouldn't be considered among the famed launching pads like Coors Field or even the old Atlanta-Fulton County Stadium. But the ball was once again flying out of the yard in bunches as Wawasee clubbed its way past Concord, 8-2, Monday night in the final game of the first rotation of the Northern Lakes Conference season.
Madie Wilson locks in on a base hit for Wawasee.
Wawasee smacked three more homers Monday to run its season total to 16 homers overall, two by Meghan Fretz and another by Kayla White, her first career homer. Fretz and White homered in the first and Fretz hit a no-doubter in the fifth. Fretz also added a solid single to push her batting average to .592 this season. White also had three hits on the day.
Cristina DeLaFuente ripped a two-run triple in the fifth among her two-hit day, and both Graceann Kerlin and Hannah Haines each had two hits. Kylee Rostochak walked twice and scored a run.
Graceann Kerlin gunned down another baserunner Monday evening.
Fretz was just as monstrous in the circle, striking out 11 Concord hitters. But the Minutemen did cause problems in spots, only for Fretz and company to get out of trouble when needed.
A leadoff single by McKenzie Loge in the fourth broke up Fretz's no-hit bid, but Concord drew a pair of walks to load the bases without an out recorded. A pair of fielder's choices and a strikeout produced just one run, and a little laboring in the seventh from Fretz, who walked six batters overall, still allowed just one more run. In all, Concord managed just one hit as Wawasee moved to 6-1 overall in the NLC as round two will begin Wednesday.
Kiley Austin took the loss for Concord, giving up five runs on five hits and a walk, serving up the two homers in the first.
In the JV game, Concord doubled home two runs in the top of the ninth to take a 5-3 victory. Leah deSomer homered to highlight Wawasee's day.
Wawasee (14-3) will visit Warsaw Wednesday, a 6 p.m. varsity start.
Wawasee's Cristina DeLaFuente slides under the tag attempt of Concord's Skylar Decker to complete a two-run triple.


text:
Acumen Fund and Embrace: From the Leading Edge of Social Venture Investing
Jane Chen (GSB '08) and Brian Trelstad (GSB '99) had known one another for years. Trelstad, the chief investment officer of the nonprofit global venture fund Acumen Fund, had been a mentor to Chen and her colleagues as they worked to develop a low-cost infant warmer to meet the needs of low-birth-weight babies, their mothers, and healthcare providers in developing countries. Chen, who became the chief executive officer of Embrace Global, the nonprofit founded to achieve this objective, had come to value Trelstad's guidance and trust his advice. In late 2010, as she and her team were on the cusp getting their innovative new product to market, Chen and Trelstad's relationship took on a new dimension. Embrace was seeking an infusion of funds to support its product launch and help the company rapidly achieve scale. In parallel, Acumen Fund was continuing to look for organizations with game-changing products and services in need of patient capital on their way to becoming self-sustaining businesses that effectively serve the poor. Suddenly, Trelstad was a potential investor and Chen was a prospective investee. As they explored the possibilities of a financial partnership, one of the key questions facing Embrace was whether or not it should consider adopting a for-profit or hybrid organizational structure so it could raise more substantial funding by taking on equity investors. Acumen Fund had to think about whether or not it was interested in investing in Embrace, how to value the company, and how large a stake it might be willing to take if a deal moved forward. This case explores the situation from the perspective of both organizations and can be used to support a high-level negotiation between the two parties.
Learning objective: The purpose of the case is to: Inform students about the increasingly complex environment, structure, and economics of the social sector. Expose students to interactions between social entrepreneurs and prospective funders.


EPUB stands for electronic publication. It's an e-book file format. This format was developed by International Digital Publishing Forum (IDPF) in 2007. EPUB extension allows editors to create and distribute digital publication in one file. Speaking about users, they can download and read EPUB files on different devices such as tablets, computers, e-readers or smartphones.


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text:
The Marauders: Group Character Analysis v.2
View Poll Results: If you could choose one of the Marauders' Animagus forms...
Dog 126 55.26%
Stag 41 17.98%
Rat 3 1.32%
Animagi are not as cool as werewolves! 20 8.77%
Obligatory pony option 38 16.67%
MODLY CREW
Okay, we decided to give the Marauders a fresh start and here we are! New and shiny thread is new and shiny!
This is a group analysis thread, which means that the focus of the discussion should be on the Marauders as a group and the dynamics within this exact same group, not on individual characters. All of the Marauders have a very own character analysis thread, where you can do that.
Sirius would have died for his friends and expected the same from Peter. Was this unfair or was this an integral part of being a Marauder?
How did James' and Sirius' particularly close friendship influence Remus and Peter? Did they feel left out or inferior?
Why was Remus the main suspect in 1981? Did Peter have a walk-over to discredit Remus if he did so at all?
James, Sirius and Peter became Animagi for Remus. Was this noble or adventurous?
What did the other Marauders think about James' obsession with Lily?
How did Lily influence the dynamics within the Marauders? Did she become the fifth Marauder, so to speak?
James chose Sirius as godfather. Were Remus and Peter understanding or hurt by this decision?
Peter betrayed his friends. Was he ever happy with this decision and do you think that his friends would be able to forgive him if they had the chance?
Was joining the Order a joint decision or was peer pressure involved? For instance, did James and Sirius lead the way and Remus and Peter follow?
How do the Marauders compare to Fred and George? Do you think that they, and especially James and Sirius, were worse or just as (un)funny as the Weasley twins?
Did Deathly Hallows change your mind about the Marauders? Do you think that they were portrayed favourably or came out badly?
Which Marauder do you like best and what are the traits that endear him to you? Did the other Marauders appreciate these traits?
You may have noticed that one character is absent from the study questions. Snape is out of bounds in this thread. This is so because a constructive discussion of the relationship between Snape and the Marauders hasn't proven possible. If this changes, we may be able to introduce the topic to LS in some way. Until then, bringing it up repeatedly may get you a temporary ban from this forum.
Before you start posting, please make sure to read REVISED: Character Bashing/Worship: aka Shades of Gray, Fair Warning Guide - UPDATE and How to have a pleasant conversation on any topic. Be aware that this is a very sensitive and emotionally explosive topic. Making inflammatory or needlessly provocative remarks may get you temporarily banned from Legilimency Studies.
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Bella_Crucio_U
Location: District 12 with Peeta Mellark
Re: The Marauders: Group Character Analysis v.2
Oo! A new version!
1.Sirius would have died for his friends and expected the same from Peter. Was this unfair or was this an integral part of being a Marauder?
I think it was all in being part of the Marauder's group. Sirius would have been prepared to die for all of them and same with James and Lupin. Wormtail obviously wouldn't have. I think it is fair that Sirius expected the same from Peter because they were all in it together. It was dangerous times and being best friends means that you have to go to any lengths to protect each other. Not to mention, they were in the Order. Remember in OotP Sirius says something about how there are things worth dying for. I think anyone who was in the Order was willing to die for any other member of the Order.
2.How did James' and Sirius' particularly close friendship influence Remus and Peter? Did they feel left out or inferior?
I don't think so. Remus was just happy to be accepted and Peter liked to be in company of people who were bigger and more powerful than him. I also think that Remus and Peter both new that James and Sirius were like brothers. I don't think it bothered them at all.
3.Why was Remus the main suspect in 1981? Did Peter have a walk-over to discredit Remus if he did so at all?
I think the reason why Remus was the main suspect was because James trusted Sirius more than anyone else so he couldn't have possibly been the suspect. I think james and Sirius thought that Peter was too weak to be a part of the dark side. That left Remus.
4.James, Sirius and Peter became Animagi for Remus. Was this noble or adventurous?
Both. It was good of them to help their friend in his tough times. It was adventurous because it was very risky and dangerous. Not even Dumbledore knew about them being Animagi. Something could have gone wrong any of those times they transformed.
5/6.What did the other Marauders think about James' obsession with Lily?
I think the rest of the Marauders were all for James' decision. They probably tried to help him out as much as they could. I don't think Lily had any influence on the Marauders, she probably fit right in with them. I think in a way she could be considered the fifth Marauder.
6.James chose Sirius as godfather. Were Remus and Peter understanding or hurt by this decision?
I want to say that Remus and Peter didn't care. Sirius was James' absolute best friend and the other Marauders probably expected it. I don't think it was a problem.
7.Peter betrayed his friends. Was he ever happy with this decision and do you think that his friends would be able to forgive him if they had the chance?
I do think that Peter regreted it very much, but he didn't have the courage to stand up to Voldemort. I don't believe that James, Sirius, Lupin, and Lily would have forgiven him. He didn't behave as any of the other Marauders would have. One of the main things that they all believed was that you should never dishonor your friends. Peter went against that and it is unforgivable, imo.
8.Was joining the Order a joint decision or was peer pressure involved? For instance, did James and Sirius lead the way and Remus and Peter follow?
They were all eager to join, I think. They all wanted to fight for what they believed in and have a part in the war. Joining the Order was right down their alley.
9.How do the Marauders compare to Fred and George? Do you think that they, and especially James and Sirius, were worse or just as (un)funny as the Weasley twins?
Fred and George never went around hexing people and they never bcame Animagi. In that way I think the Marauders were a little more wreckless and show-offy. The Marauders were similar to fred and George, but I think they took mischief to a different level.
10.Did Deathly Hallows change your mind about the Marauders? Do you think that they were portrayed favourably or came out badly?
DH didn't change how I feel at all. I still love the Marauders
11.Which Marauder do you like best and what are the traits that endear him to you? Did the other Marauders appreciate these traits?
Sirius! Ever since Sirius was introduced, he was my favorite (he is also my favorite character). I like him because he had an interesting life. He never really got a chance to grow up because of Azkaban and he was depressed all throughout OotP. He is quite a tragic character, imo. I also like that he was brave, funny, smart, a rebel, caring, extrememly loyal, and of course good-looking I definitely think that the other Mrauders appriciated those traits. That's why they were friends with him and they got along so well. In a way they were all somewhat similar. Especially James and Sirius.
Marauders' girl through and through.
Padfoot is my love
Countdown to the End
Last edited by Bella_Crucio_U; February 18th, 2010 at 8:48 pm.
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MistressofRaven
Location: New Orleans
I can understand how someone who would lay down his life for his friends would expect this from others, but I think it was a little unfair. I don't think Sirius realizes that some people really, really don't want to die and will do anything to avoid death.
I think they both felt left out at times. But they had two different personalities. I doubt Remus actually felt inferior, but I think Peter did. Peter seems to be always looking up to the other two but not participating or not getting it. That signifies that he would join in if he could. Whereas I never got the impression that Remus felt inferior, just that he was not like James and Sirius and didn't want to participate in some of the things they did.
Why was Remus the main suspect in 1981?
Maybe because he was a werewolf and people suspected that he would harbor some resentment toward wizards, and because of that would want to try to get in with someone powerful.
It was noble, adventurous, and dangerous.
I imagine Sirius thought it was pathetic and the other two thought nothing of it.
I doubt she became the fifth marauder. She didn't even know about all the things they did and I doubt she would have joined in if she did.
I think they were understanding. It's obvious that those two were the closest.
I don't think he was really happy with the decision, I think he did it out of fear and feelings of inferiority. I also think he was sorry he did it, especially when I think of the hesitation he felt in DH when he was fighting Ron and Harry.
I think it was peer pressure on the part of Remus and Peter.
They were definitely worse and not funny at all. They're like Fred and George's evil twins . Of course Fred and George did some bad stuff too.
I think they came out badly, but I already had a bad impression of them from the fifth book and from Harry'y adoration of them.
Though he's an arrogant toerag, James is my favorite marauder. It's mostly through process of elimination. Remus and Peter were both pathetic in different ways and I can't find anything to admire in a man child.
who cares about the children
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Last edited by MistressofRaven; February 17th, 2010 at 3:52 am.
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Location: Magrathea
I dont think so. I think this was just the way they thought, not the creed of their group. Best Friends For Life sort of thing.
I think Pettigrew felt inferior. He always did. Even his animagus form was inferior. I think this was part of the reason he betrayed the Potters in the first place. As for Lupin, hard to say. After all they all learned to be animagi on his account. I dont think Lupin really felt inferior. He was the level-headed one out of the bunch anyway.
Its probably because he was a werewolf. Werewolves are usually portrayed as evil minded and on the dark side so to speak. Pettigrew may have said "oh it was Lupin! Hes a bloodthirsty werewolf after all!" or he just mentioned Lupin was a werewolf and people assumed as much. I dont know, its not really clear to me.
I think its both. Trying to protect their friend but at the same time, doing bits of magic that was not approved at Hogwarts, therefore being the Marauders that they are. Aside from helping Remus, they could get into all sorts of misadventures undetected (even without James' cloak) and map out the castle to make the map.
I always assumed Sirius understood. She was kind and beautiful after all. I think Remus was more or less kinda neutral about it. He probably tried to talk James out of pursuing her but ended up like talking to a brick wall. I would assume Peter was a little jealous.
No. I dont think she really approved of all of what they were doing, aside from protecting Remus. After 6th year or so, the Marauders in general, kinda mellowed out. (aside from James being a jerk to just "that one guy" ) I think they all sort of grew up and Lily managed to cement that.
I think Remus was totally understanding about it. After all Sirius was closer to James than any of them. I dont know about Pettigrew.
I do not think the others would have forgiven him at all. He did it for Voldemort. Was he happy about it? *shrug* No idea. I think he was more interested in saving his own skin, so as long as his little vermin butt was in the clear, im sure he was fine with it.
I think Remus would have joined regardless. A sort of karmic redemtion for being a werewolf. He always felt like it was a huge curse. By joining the Order, he could prove to others (and himself most of all) that he wasnt a bad guy. I think Pettigrew was probably pressured.
I think they were worse than the twins. The twins didnt really go out of their way to harm a particular person. *ahem* But aside from that, they were very similar. Well, except the fact the Marauders didnt really do much for their fellow students. The Weasleys did! They went out of their way to undermind and usurp Filch and Umbridge for the sake of the school more or less. Also creating the joke shop. The Marauders, i got the impression, were looking out for the Marauders only.
I think Rowling was pretty much saying James is not a Gary Stu, he is actually a human being with faults just like everyone else. She was making Harry see that. That began in Order of the Phoenix. Of course, the nature of the Marauders made me like them a lot less, but it was done for the reason of showing Harry everyone can be a jerk. Really, i do think they were jerks when they were really young. Blatently egotistical and arrogant. It took them years to correct it. (and in Sirius's case, a little too late...)
Remus. The reason? Because he was more level-headed. Although he tended to turn a blind eye to his friends (who hasnt?), hes still a cool guy. He never really went out of his way to be a butt to any of the other students. (including that one guy, perhaps why that one guy didnt really hate him that much.) I think the other Marauders needed him around to be the voice of reason. Of course the others appreciated him. After all they went to all that trouble to learn to shapeshift for him!
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Originally Posted by Slartibartfast
I feel the same way about them. It seems that most of the things the marauders did was in private and the only think they did in public was hex people. Whereas the twins were very public with everything. Even before they had the joke shop, they were always giving/selling their inventions to other students. I feel like the marauders would not have shared anything theu made to help others (much like with the marauder's map). That reminds me that Fred and George even gave the map to Harry when they saw he could use it.
Totally. Fred and George seemed to think that everyone needed a bit more mischief in their lives to make it interesting and fun. In Order of the Phoenix, this came to a forefront. Everyone was down in the dumps because of Umbridge. What did the twins do? Sneak in their joke products and pass them out. Used them on Filch and Umbridge. I mean, they went out of their way to create that swamp in the middle of that corridor so Harry and gang could go help Sirius. I dont know if the Marauders would have done that for someone outside their little group. The twins were passing out those candies and things to first years in order to undermine the authority!
ccollinsmith
Nitwit! Blubber! Oddment! Tweak!
Location: The Village
I think it was less an integral part of being a Marauder than it was an integral part of being a friend. You don't betray your friends. Certainly not to someone who wants to murder them.
I'm guessing that Peter felt left out and inferior. I'm not sure how Remus felt, but he seems to have had a pretty easy relationship with Sirius later on as an adult, so I tend to think that Remus felt part of the group. I also think that Remus was gratified just to have friends.
It was noble so long as they kept it in the Shrieking Shack. It was highly irresponsible and dangerous when they went onto the grounds. And it was illegal not to register their Animagus status.
5.	What did the other Marauders think about James' obsession with Lily?
6.	How did Lily influence the dynamics within the Marauders? Did she become the fifth Marauder, so to speak?
No. I don't think she had much at all to do with the Marauders.
Unlikely they were terribly hurt. Why would they be?
Peter was the quintessential follower. Remus probably would have joined regardless. He joined up again in the Second War and stayed in even after Sirius' death. I think that being part of the Order was something that Remus did because he wanted to do it.
10.	How do the Marauders compare to Fred and George? Do you think that they, and especially James and Sirius, were worse or just as (un)funny as the Weasley twins?
Fred and George are much funnier and appear to be much nicer people. I really like Fred and George. I'm not fond of the Marauders. The Marauders had a much darker mean streak. Fred and George seem to have used their darker mischief for real good - like undermining Umbridge.
Yes, it made me dislike James and Sirius pretty intensely, at least as young boys and teenagers.
I like Remus the best. He seems to be the kindest one, both as a teen and an adult. He's the only one who seems to regret the nastier and more dangerous pranks they pulled. And he grew up to be a pretty decent man, a good DADA teacher, and a good mentor to Harry. I don't know what the other Marauders appreciated in him actually.
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ignisia
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Ahhh, the poll is eeeevil! I can't choose between a dog or rat. I'd probably go with the safest form, whatever that is. Rats can definitely run and hide very easily, and yet are often targeted by exterminators or run over by cars. Dogs, on the other hand, are looked after by humans, but they aren't able to hide as easily, and may get killed by local wildlife.
And there's no way in heck I'm choosing the werewolf. Being one's bound to not be very much fun.
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I agree. The Marauders never really did anything public and they kept very much to themselves.
In contrast to Fred and George, I think the Marauders in a way liked to prove that they were as clever as they were. They made the Marauder's Map which is something the twins obviously never thought of. They also became Animagi and I doubt the twins would do that either. Plus, the Marauders became Animagi without Dumbledore even knowing which is really something because Dumbledore dosn't miss a thing. Even in detentions they would find a way to break the rules by using the two-way mirror. They always had to be a step ahead of everyone and I believe that's why they gave themselves a group name. I think that James and Sirius especially thought that they were in a different league than everyone else. I think that Fred and George are purely into jokes/fun stuff and as you said they were public about the stuff they did.
Part of the reason why I think the Marauders only associated with themselves is because they got bored easily. They needed adventure and they hated to just sit around. That also explains why they did things on a grander scale than the twins. The Marauders needed more of a challenge.
I'd say this was an integral part of being a friend.
I'm not sure about Peter but I don't think it bothered Remus. In a group, its natural that people will be closer to one person than the other.
I don't think he was the main suspect. I think only Sirius believed it to be Remus. I don't think James believed that any of his friends could be a traitor and I'm sure Dumbledore considered all three as possible suspects. Peter may have fueled suspicions in Sirius though.
I guess both. They'd have wanted to do something to help Remus and this would have been an exciting option. I'd daresay that even if they found some other way to help Remus, they'd have chosen to become Animagi because it would have been more exciting and adventurous.
I think they'd have put up with it. It may have irritated them if James was constantly talking about Lily but I don't think it would have bothered them all that much.
I think she'd have been the one that made James behaving more maturely and responsibly. I definitely think that she became a part of Marauders. I don't think the group dynamics changed all that much though.
I don't think they'd have been surprised or hurt by that decision. They probably saw that coming long back.
I don't think he was ever happy with his decision. They way I see Peter, he was forced into doing a lot of things which he didn't like and was too cowardly to do anything about it.
I don't think they would have forgiven him unless he did something major to make up for it. Peter wasn't evil just weak.
I think they discussed it before hand and made a joint decision. Peter, IMO, went with the flow and agreed to it.
I think they'd probably be the same. James and Sirius were supposed to have hexed people just for the heck of it. I have trouble believing that. Its most likely Slytherins that got it. I can't imagine people from other houses causing problems for them.
Did Deathly Hallows change your mind about the Marauders? Do you think that they were portrayed favorably or came out badly?
DH didn't change anything. They were portrayed favorably IMO.
Sirius Black. He was clever, good looking, could turn into man's best friend, brave, stood up for what he thought was right, loyal etc. I do think that his friends appreciated it.
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halfbreedlover
No, I don't think this was unfair at all. Even if Peter wasn't a Marauder, in a war situation, comrades-in-arms shouldn't betray each other. There's a reason the name "Benedict Arnold" has the meaning it does. The fact that Peter was a close friend of the Potters makes his betrayal considerably worse.
No, I don't think they did. I think Remus was glad to have friends, and Peter was glad to have powerful friends.
I don't know why. I think it may have been a combination of Remus's secretive role spying with the werewolves, and some latent prejudice/mistrust of werewolves in general. I also think Peter may have encouraged this mistrust.
Both. There are so many things the Marauders could have done when they found out Remus was a werewolf: they could have told the entire school, they could have simply turned their back on him, they could have told their families etc.. Instead, they chose to become animagi, which I think says something about their sense of loyalty.
That said, I think Sirius's line in OotP (something like) "I wish it were the full moon" does suggest that they did do it for adventure's sake. If it were pure loyalty, they wouldn't have wandered around the grounds, and instead stayed in the shack.
I can imagine some light teasing initially, but I don't think it really bothered them or anything like that.
No, I don't think she had anything to do with them.
No, I don't think they would have been all that bothered. They probably expected it.
It would take something really big to forgive him for that. I don't think they would have.
I think by the end of PoA at least, he was severely regretting his decision to betray the Potters. Voldemort kind of says as much in the beginning of GoF if I'm not mistaken.
I think Remus would have joined the Order independently of James and Sirius. Peter, I'm not so sure. I think he probably followed the other three.
I agree with previous posters in that I think Fred and George were a bit nicer to their fellow students than the Marauders. Both groups of students had the same mischevious streak, but I don't think Fred and George ever behaved as arrogantly and as mean-spiritedly as the Marauders. I don't think Fred and George were ever bullies.
It didn't change my perception of them at all.
My favorite Marauder is Sirius. He is easily the most complex and dark of the Marauders. To call him a "man-child" I think is highly reductionist of what he was. Sirius is someone who had everything- money, popularity, looks, talent, and partly through his own personality flaws and partly due to circumstances outside his control, lost all of it (except maybe his talent). I often marvel at how strong he remained through all of it. He could have been much more messed up than he was.
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HeadLikeAHole
I don't know if I'd consider it an integral part, but when you consider the kind of people James and Sirius were, I can see why they would believe that their best friends would do the same for them. And I believe Remus would have, had it come down to it.
I think Peter definitely felt inferior to James and Sirius, both because they were so close and because he was the least talented of the group and seen as just a hanger on - maybe that's what he felt about himself and he didn't realise that they did, at least on some level, see him as a trusted mate.
I don't think Remus felt anything like that, because he was just happy to have friends who understood him and accepted who he was.
I think we know why - the spy was definitely one of the Marauders, James knew Sirius would never sell him out and they both thought Peter didn't have the balls to do so, therefore by process of elimination it had to be Remus.
A bit of both. I imagine they did it so that they could be there for their friend, but at the same time I can imagine James and Sirius loving the danger of it.
I think they understood how he felt about her. That being said, boys are boys and I can't see Sirius (or Remus or even Peter) not taking the **** whenever they had a chance to.
I think she did, in a way. I believe that Lily understood the deep bond between the four of them and realised that if she was going to be married to James, they were part of the deal. At the same time, I think the Marauders all realised that their relationship with James had changed slightly, but they all liked Lily as well.
I think they would have understood - Sirius was his best friend, after all. I imagine that had they gone on to have more kids, they would have been potential godfathers as well (had Peter never changed sides).
I don't think that Peter was ever happy about betraying his friends. He did it to save his arse, but once he realised that he wasn't saving himself at all, then he realised what he had done. I can imagine him crying about it in private quite a lot.
Would they forgive him? I don't think Sirius and Remus could. The Marauder bond was that deep.
I think that James, Sirius and Remus all would have joined the moment they could - it would have been a joint decision between those three. Peter I can imagine being a bit nervous about it, but he'd followed James and Sirius in everything they did since he was 11 and probably wasn't going to change now for fear of what they'd do to him.
I think the Marauders were a lot nastier than the Weasley twins. I don't ever remember Fred and George hexing anyone, even Slytherins, without some kind of cause. However, I can imagine their fans all found them equally funny.
It didn't change much, although I was surprised that Peter was so willing to kill Harry - maybe he truly was more evil than I believed. Or just scared of what Voldy could do to him. I enjoyed James and Sirius' little cameo at the end. And I'm so sad for Remus. As for what we learnt about them in their youth, well we knew they were twats back then anyway.
Sirius is my favourite cause he could be a Gary Stu-version of me - he's reckless and a bit thoughtless at times, but at the same time he's deeply loyal to his mates. I think that even if the earlier traits irritated the Marauders at times, they all truely appreciated his loyalty.
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FurryDice
[*]Sirius would have died for his friends and expected the same from Peter. Was this unfair or was this an integral part of being a Marauder?
I don't think it's unfair at all, it's part of being a friend. I think it's very reasonable to expect that your friends won't sell you out to a madman. I also believe that the others would have understood if the information had been tortured out of Peter, but he spent a year passing information to Voldemort, culminating in the Potter's location. When I think of that, I always wonder why in that year, Peter never looked for help, or even left the country. Also, having joined the Order, people knew the risks and what was expected of them.
[*]How did James' and Sirius' particularly close friendship influence Remus and Peter? Did they feel left out or inferior?
I think Remus was just glad to have friends, which was why he didn't criticise their behaviour, he probably accepted that James and Sirius were like brothers and been glad to be included.
Likewise, I think Peter was glad to be a member of a popular group of people, and while he may or may not have been jealous, I think it would have been more important to him to be liked and accepted.
[*]Why was Remus the main suspect in 1981? Did Peter have a walk-over to discredit Remus if he did so at all?
I wonder if Remus had spent time undercover with the werewolves at the time and maybe wasn't as close to his friends as he had been. I also think that James and Sirius possibly thought Peter looked up to them too much to betray them.
[*]James, Sirius and Peter became Animagi for Remus. Was this noble or adventurous?
I think it was both, but especially it shows their dedication to helping a friend. However, I do think that it was reckless and unwise of them to leave the Shack.
[*]What did the other Marauders think about James' obsession with Lily?
To be honest, I think this James-was-obsessed-with-Lily thing is a bit more fanon than canon. We see James ask her out once, I don't believe that means he continually asked her out or fawned over her. I think his pride was severely dented after Lily turned him down and he may have turned to dating other girls for a while to try to get over her, much as Ginny did to get over Harry. I don't see any boy with a shred of self-respect continually asking out a girl who keeps refusing him.
In terms of knowing he fancied her, I'd imagine it would have been much the same as any boys knowing their friend has a crush - a bit of good-natured ribbing.
[*]How did Lily influence the dynamics within the Marauders? Did she become the fifth Marauder, so to speak?
I don't imagine Lily became the fifth Marauder. However, her letter to Sirius shows that she did become closer to them and became friends with them.
[*]James chose Sirius as godfather. Were Remus and Peter understanding or hurt by this decision?
I think they would have understood why Sirius was godfather to Lily and James' first child - it's likely they would probably have been godfathers to subsequent babies in the Potter family.
[*]Peter betrayed his friends. Was he ever happy with this decision and do you think that his friends would be able to forgive him if they had the chance?
I don't think he was exactly happy with the decision, but I don't see that he expresses genuine remorse for it either - his prime concern seems to be that the betrayal backfired on him. He doesn't apologise in the Shack, or show any kind of regret to three people whose lives he has affected so negatively, instead, he makes excuses.
The silver hand turns on him because he shows reluctance to murder Harry- this isn't the same as regret, imo.
I can't see Sirius and Remus being able to forgive Peter -perhaps if he'd shown remorse. They would have understood if the information had been tortured out of him, or discovered by means of Legilimency. However, spending a year passing information to Voldemort was just too much and too deliberate.
[*]Was joining the Order a joint decision or was peer pressure involved? For instance, did James and Sirius lead the way and Remus and Peter follow?
I think Sirius, James and Remus would have been willing to join the Order anyway, perhaps Peter joined because he didn't want to be left out, the odd one out.
[*]How do the Marauders compare to Fred and George? Do you think that they, and especially James and Sirius, were worse or just as (un)funny as the Weasley twins?
I think both the Marauders and the Weasley twins carried things a bit too far sometimes- Montague in the Vanishing Cabinet, testing products on first years, for example. The difference is, we don't see the teenage Marauders with their own Housemates, so we don't know how they got on with those outside their little group (although they seemed popular). They also didn't have anyone like Umbridge to lead a student rebellion against (as far as we know), nor did they seem interested in quitting school, so that would explain the lack of fireworks and swamps. All I'm saying, is we don't see enough of the Marauders to say exactly how they got on with and were perceived by most of the students.
[*]Did Deathly Hallows change your mind about the Marauders? Do you think that they were portrayed favourably or came out badly?
I think I like the Marauders even more now -their appearance in The Forest Again was just utterly touching and exactly what Harry needed at the time, I also loved Lily's letter and the beautiful family scene before the tragedy at Godric's Hollow. I've always liked the Marauders, because of something that is far more important than their flaws, including teenage recklessness and immaturity. They were brave, honourable young men, who actively involved themselves in fighting a great evil. Three of them were willing to give their lives for this cause, and did so. More important than their flaws, James, Sirius and Remus showed great love, loyalty and courage and for that I have to admire the Marauders.
[*]Which Marauder do you like best and what are the traits that endear him to you? Did the other Marauders appreciate these traits?[/list]
Sirius. adfoot: Sirius had the strength to reject his family's indoctrination at a young age, he was a loyal friend, courageous, strong willed, and risked everything for those he loved - from being the decoy secret keeper to risking life and soul to keep Harry safe. I think the other Marauders appreciated this about Sirius - I believe he was someone who would hate to let down a friend.
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February 21st, 2010, 4:53 pm
gelowo93
I think it's a bit unfair to say that you should die for your friends, but in this case, it was either die or betray your friends and I think that in any friendship you shouldn't betray your friends. I agree with FurryDice that the others would have understood if Wormtail had been tortured, but he willingly gave Voldemort the information.
Remus and Wormtail were probably just glad to have friends, but I imagine them feeling a little left out. Then again, the four of them were together all the time so they had no reason to feel left out.
I don't think Remus was the main suspect, just that Sirius thought it was most likley because Wormtail was too cowardly. James wouldn't have thought it was any of his friends as he trusted them all and Dumbledore must have had suspicions about Sirius, Remus and Wormtail.
At first, it was most likely noble - they wanted to help their friend. James and Sirius probably thought of it as an adventure as well but I can't imagine they'd have become animagi if Remus wasn't a werewolf. Wormtail probably didn't want to do it but was persuaded by James and Sirius.
I think Sirius teased him about it because he seems the type. I don't think it would have bothered them unless he was talking about her for long periods of time, then it would have annoyed them a bit.
She might have calmed down James a bit, but other than that I can't think how she would influence them. I doubt she was involved in any late night wanderings with the Marauders, so no, she didn't become a fifth Marauder but she become a part of the group because in DH, in the letter she wrote to Sirius, she calls everyone by their nicknames
By this point, I think Remus and Wormtail would have understood that James and Sirius were closer to each other than them, so they would have been understanding. I can't imagine Wormtail caring that much, unless this was what caused him to start passing information to Voldemort Remus might have been hurt a little bit but accepted James' choice
I don't think Wormtail was happy with betraying his friends, but he saw it as a choice between saving himself or saving his friends, and saving himself was his priority. Sirius would never have forgiven him, as we see in PoA, he sees it as a personal insult and I think Remus would feel the same - just because it happened to be James he betrayed it could have been any of them. I can't imagine James forgiving Wormatil because he did effectively kill him.
Yes, James and Sirius probably led the way but I doubt Remus needed much persuasion. I think Wormtail didn't want to join, he would rather stay out of the war but wanted to still fit in with the others so he agreed to it.
I think that Fred and George were more "practical jokers" whereas James and Sirius were "troublemakers". Fred and George were just doing it to have fun, make people laugh and, in the end, make some money, but they wouldn't have bullied anyone for no reason like we see James and Sirius do. James and Sirius were nastier and were doing it more for themselves than to make others laugh.
My opinion of them when they were younger worsened, especially James and Sirius, but as adults I think they were portrayed quite favourably - just as much as they had been in the other books really. James and Sirius seemed to have matured in death Oh except Wormtail of course, he appeared to get more evil since GoF, I'm surprised that he seemd so eager to kill Harry in Malfoy Manor. He's like a weaker, pathetic version of Lucius Malfoy just doing what Voldemort tells him to
Aaaaah, well I've always liked Remus because he's so nice to Harry, even though I hate him for trying to run away from Tonks and Teddy but in the end that made him less self-deprecating, so I suppose it's a good thing. And Sirius is always good for a bit of comic relief, despite still acting like a teenager a lot of the time
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February 22nd, 2010, 5:32 pm
The_Green_Woods
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To stand by his friends, I can understand, but to expect/assume Peter to die for James is IMO a little too much. Asking for someone's life in exchange for another life, when they are not family and when the other person whose life is asked of him is looked down upon .... I don't know, I feel that is rather unfair, unless Peter offered, which I don't think he did.
This was not dying in a fight or being killed in a war; this was giving his life so that James, Lily and Harry may live. Can James, Sirius or Lily assume Peter will do this? Can anyone assume this of another? I honestly feel it is too much to ask. Yet James and Sirius seem to have expected Peter to simply die, without asking him if it was okay with him IMO.
Could people really be this naive? The Marauders and Lily certainly were, which is very sad, they lost their lives because of this.
I think they simply accepted it. I wonder how much of James and Sirius' treatment played a part in Peter becoming what he did eventually.
I think this was another bad, big mistake. James knew he was not a traitor; he also knew Sirius was not traitor, which left Remus and Peter. As Sirius told Harry in POA, they never thought Peter would be a DE, so that left Remus. Which was IMO a poor way to choose a traitor.
Adventurous.
Great fun? And once they knew she was friends with a Slytherin, they probably wanted to break it up.
I think she tried hard to fit in and I think she succeeded too.
I think they knew it was a given.
I think he was okay with his decision. I don't think his friends would ever forgive him.
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Pearl_Took
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It's hardly unfair to expect one's closest friends not to betray one.
I have no idea, since we're not told.
No idea. We're not told.
No idea ... again, no canon exists on this.
I can't comment on the first question here: there's no canon for me to reference. In answer to the second, I would say 'no' -- we're not shown anything as definite as that. But it does seem to me that Lily gets subsumed as a character into the Marauders' close circle. I am not saying that JKR thereafter portrays Lily 'as one of the gang'. I don't see that in canon. But, as a character, Lily pretty much disappears into the backstory.
Of course, you could say exactly the same thing about James. Except that I think Lily is somewhat more fleshed out than he is.
Again, no canon, so I can't really comment.
I don't think Peter was particularly happy with his decision, his life with Voldemort seems to be extremely unhappy. His fault, of course.
And no, of course they would never have forgiven him. Who would? Sirius and Remus want to kill the guy once they have hunted him down.
Another good question but again, no canon exists here on which I can base any sort of response.
I'm not a fan of Alpha boys who show off. To me the Marauders have more of an 'edge' to them than the Twins.
DH didn't change my mind about any of them except Remus, who I now like less than I used to.
Sirius. I think I agree with Mistress Raven above who described him as a 'man child'.
Why do I like him best? -- I have a literary penchant for dark-haired, tragic, doomed, moody types.
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Originally Posted by Pearl_Took
Sirius. I agree with halfbreedlover above who described him as a 'man child'. Excellent and accurate description of his character, IMO.
Sorry, I didn't. I said "man-child" was a very reductionist way to characterize him, and that he is a much more complex character than that. MistressRaven described him as a "man-child".
Originally Posted by halfbreedlover
Oh, sorry. I edited my post accordingly.
I don't really disagree with her description though -- and I like Sirius -- so I will leave it there. He's something of a man-child because he is so scarred by Azkaban, IMO.
February 23rd, 2010, 4:55 am
Haha you and me both! Maybe that's also why I love Harry so much?
Sorry...back on topic...
One thing I've always wondered about Sirius - did he fight against blood supremacy because of his hatred for his family, or did he abandon his family because he hated blood supremacy? That's a discussion in itself.
character analysis, james potter, peter pettigrew, remus lupin, sirius black, the marauders