The PRD has been thoroughly updated!
Not only has the Feat Index gotten a HUGE facelift, Pathfinder Unchained is on there as well (which is perfect – you'll see why below), AND Occult Adventures is on Paizo's site now too!
Before I get back to toiling, I leave you with ELITE ROGUE DOOR – the retrained Unchained Rogue juggernaut of deception (and, of course, Professor Ratwicket).
Before Combat ROGUE DOOR hides professionally.
During Combat ROGUE DOOR opens a portal to pain for his opponents with sneak attack slams, attempting to only fight in places with many doors.
Morale ROGUE DOOR strikes swiftly but doesn't often stay for a prolonged combat.
Adhesive (Ex) Rogue Door automatically grapples any creature it hits with its slam attack. Opponents so grappled cannot get free while Rogue Door is alive without removing the adhesive first. A weapon that strikes Rogue Door is stuck fast unless the wielder succeeds on a DC 16 Reflex save. A successful DC 16 Strength check is needed to pry off a stuck weapon. Strong alcohol or universal solvent dissolves the adhesive, but Rogue Door can still grapple normally. Rogue Door can dissolve its adhesive at will, and the substance breaks down 5 rounds after it dies. The save DC is Strength-based.
Pinned Items (Su) Fewer slots, still restricted by location on "body", easier to steal (-5 CMD).
Debilitating Injury (Ex) At 4th level, whenever a rogue deals sneak attack damage to a foe, she can also debilitate the target of her attack, causing it to take a penalty for 1 round (this is in addition to any penalty caused by a rogue talent or other special ability). The rogue can choose to apply any one of the following penalties when the damage is dealt.
Bewildered: The target becomes bewildered, taking a –2 penalty to AC. The target takes an additional –2 penalty to AC against all attacks made by the rogue. At 10th level and 16th level, the penalty to AC against attacks made by the rogue increases by –2 (to a total maximum of –8).
Disoriented: The target takes a –2 penalty on attack rolls. In addition, the target takes an additional –2 penalty on all attack rolls it makes against the rogue. At 10th level and 16th level, the penalty on attack rolls made against the rogue increases by –2 (to a total maximum of –8).
Hampered: All of the target's speeds are reduced by half (to a minimum of 5 feet). In addition, the target cannot take a 5-foot step.
These penalties do not stack with themselves, but additional attacks that deal sneak attack damage extend the duration by 1 round. A creature cannot suffer from more than one penalty from this ability at a time. If a new penalty is applied, the old penalty immediately ends. Any form of healing applied to a target suffering from one of these penalties also removes the penalty.
Disguise Skill Unlock: You can create a disguise in 1d3 rounds. If you take the full normal amount of time to create your disguise, you take no penalty for disguising your gender, race, or age category.
Stealth Skill Unlock: Reduce the Stealth penalty from sniping by 10. Stealth check penalties for moving quickly are halved, including the ability unlocked at 5 ranks, moving full speed, and reaching concealment after creating a distraction.
STONE CLOAK, MINOR Price 10,000 gp; Aura faint abjuration; CL 5th; Weight 1 lb.
This mottled gray cloak looks like granite or some other light gray stone. The wearer can pull a minor stone cloak tight around herself and freeze in place as a move action, which causes the cloak to harden like the stone it resembles. When she does this, the wearer can take no actions other than free actions and is denied her Dexterity bonus to AC but gains DR 5/adamantine. She also gains a +5 circumstance bonus to Stealth checks while protected in this manner. This effect can be dismissed as a free action.
MONKEY BELT Price 9,400 gp; Aura moderate transmutation; CL 8th; Weight 1 lb.
This furry brown belt resembles the tail of a monkey. The belt grants the wearer a +2 enhancement bonus to Dexterity. Treat this as a temporary ability bonus for the first 24 hours the belt is worn. The wearer does not lose his Dexterity bonus to AC while climbing, and does not take a –5 penalty on Climb checks when climbing at half his speed. As a swift action the wearer can command the belt to animate, transforming it into a prehensile tail under the wearer's control. The tail does not grant the wearer any additional attacks or actions per round, nor can it wield weapons, but it can make unarmed attacks and hold or manipulate objects about as well as the wearer's normal limbs (though any activity requiring fingers is beyond the tail's capabilities). The belt can function as a tail for 5 minutes per day. These minutes do not need to be consecutive.
Speed 15 ft., climb 15 ft., swim 15 ft.


The Gamco DR-570 high speed surface-mounted hand dryer shall have a one-piece aluminum housing finished in high gloss white epoxy paint that is incorporated with SteriTouch antimicrobial additive. Motor shall be universal brush type operating at 34000 RPM and shall be thermally protected. It shall deliver 105 cubic feet per minute of air volume at 206 MPH. Dryer shall be activated by an automatic active infrared sensor controlled by a circuit board with 1 second run-on time and 30 second vandal shut-off.
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Cover — One piece aluminum housing with high-gloss white epoxy paint that is incorporated with SteriTouch® antimicrobial additive.


For the past five years in Downtown Raleigh, an event with an interesting twist has been taking place: A Day of the Dead 5k. The event organizers are well aware that it's an interesting mashup of elements. However, so far it has been a winning combination.
During these years, the community surrounding Centro Restaurant has come to embrace the event. As Ángela Salamanca mentioned, the race doesn't reflect the true essence of Day of the Dead. However, it has allowed for other people to be exposed to this tradition and understand how the Hispanic community views death in a positive light, as just another part of the cycle of life.
The race itself is a mix and match of Day of the Dead traditions with Halloween costumes. This has allowed for more people to become involved with it and, at the same time, they have come to learn more about how these two traditions differ from one another.


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Meet The Band: Concrete Funeral
This week, we're shining the Meet The Band spotlight on the Canadian death/thrash metal group Concrete Funeral. Their debut album is Ultimum Judicium. Vocalist/guitarist Devin Schum, guitarist Jesse Lindbeck, bassist Paul Mercer and drummer Connor Erhart introduce us to their band.
Chad Bowar: Give us a brief history of Concrete Funeral.
We started as many others in a basement in 2013 and finally hit a stage in the summer of 2015 having the lead guitarist take off shortly before playing shows making way for Jesse Lindbeck to step in and dominate that role. After about 1.5 – 2 years playing around town our original drummer had to move away and Connor Erhart took the position at throne bringing us to be the band that we should be. Since forming this lineup we've had the honor to share the stage with amazing acts like Archspire, Battlecross, Disciples of Power, Toxic Holocaust and Kataklysm.
Describe the songwriting process for Ultimum Judicium.
Usually, guitar riffs were brought to jam sessions and built around. However, if anyone else had any interesting ideas for bass or drums we would work our individual parts in around that. It was really just all about how we could keep everything as straightforward and mean sounding while keeping transitions as interesting as we could. Also keeping vocals as harsh sounding as possible while still being articulate enough to hear the lyrics messed up enough to wrap the whole package together.
The fact that we won an auction at Calgary Metalfest back at the end of 2016 for a recording package with Big Nate Productions. We had just taken on a new drummer so it took a while to get back on track, but in the end, 1500 dollars went to the Make A Wish Foundation. Also recording the drums at Ghost Iron Studio in Calgary will probably stick pretty hard. We were in there for two full days but were also able to record the video for the song "Carnival of Contradictions" while there, it was a lot of fun.
Heavy, pounding, broodin', groovin in your face deathy fuckin thrash! While mainly a death thrash band we have a lot of elements of groove with dashes or punk, rot n roll and black metal as well.
What lyrical subjects do you cover?
Corruption, religion, questionable lovers, government engineered sexually transmitted diseases and bumblebees. Nothing fucking weird, though.
What led you to go the independent route for the album release?
This is our debut release so there was really no groundwork to shop labels or anything. We had the funds to track and press the album ourselves so we just went for it and we are very proud of how it turned out.
We just want to see this album hit as many ears as we are capable of pushing it to. The album speaks for itself and we hope to establish our name with this record. We are always looking to outdo ourselves, but with this initial offering, we believe we just need the ears and eyes to prove ourselves to.
What has been your most memorable Concrete Funeral live show?
Besides some of the great shows, we've played with crazily talented and underappreciated bands as well as some killer festivals with top-shelf names that we've been honored enough to be invited to play, Our album release show here in Calgary was amazing. The bands we had on the bill all brought their A games and the crowd that came that night came to party! Our Vocalist actually made an offhand joke about landing cash in our drummer's mouth for a post-show blowjob not thinking anything would happen. Our drummer Connor made about 6-7 dollars in "tips" that night and almost got his tooth chipped.
We are in the process of planning a few more shows to branch out of hitting a couple of other provinces within the next few months.
Devin: I bought my first guitar at 20, just interested in simple rock stuff, but was blown away by metal playing and hooked since.
Jesse: At 12 my parents gave me an acoustic guitar from Costco. Learned a few songs and never put it down. 16 years later it's still the love of my life.
Paul: I've been obsessed with music since I was a kid. I didn't start playing music until my early 20's but it became an instant therapy for me.
Connor: I was given my first set of drums at age 7. Bashing on my mom's pots and pans got her fed up quick.
Devin: Gary Holt made me want to play guitar! Exodus, Lamb of God, Black Sabbath, Megadeth were the first few really heavy bands I latched onto.
Jesse: Black Sabbath, Led Zeppelin, Guns N' Roses, BLS and a lot of '80s hair metal, anything with a solid riff!
Paul: Smashing Pumpkins, The Wallflowers, Nirvana, Green Day and the Big Shiny Tunes stuff.
Connor: Frank Zappa, King Diamond, Running Wild, Judas Priest.
Devin: It was either Smashing Pumpkins or Alanis Morisette.
Jesse: Monsters Of Rock Calgary (Judas Priest, Ozzy).
Paul: Slayer!
Connor: Rock: Rush, Metal: Noctis II.
What's the best concert you've been to?
Devin: I'd have to say Graspop 2014, It had some killer stuff: Carcass, Battlecross, Graveyard, Death To All, AIC, Black Sabbath, etc.
Jesse: Goatwhore @ Distortion.
Paul: Heavy Montreal 2014: Metallica, Slayer, Lamb of God and Overkill!
Connor: Zappa Plays Zappa or Black Sabbath.
How's the heavy music scene in Calgary?
It can be pretty inspiring sometimes. There is a lot of top-shelf talent in this city and if the shows are put together well they can be something pretty amazing sometimes. There are quite a few bands of every genre so you can find whatever you like but of course, there could always be more of a show going crowd.
Devin: Santa Clarita Diet
Jesse: Happy!
Paul: Does playoff hockey count?
Connor: Trigun.
Devin: Arsis, Archspire, Goatwhore, Detherous, Animosity, Warbringer (ALWAYS) and Exodus.
Jesse: Warbringer, Exodus, Slash, Arsis, and Goatwhore.
Paul: Carcass – Surgical Steel, Mastodon – The Hunter, Lamb of God – Resolution.
Connor: Death – Spiritual Healing, Skeletal Remains – Devouring Mortality, Departure Chandalier – Antichrist Rise To Power.
Keep your eyes peeled for shows to pop up, if you dig us tell your local promoters that you want to see us in your town! Like us on Facebook and Instagram to keep up with us and keep yourself in the know about shows and a follow-up offering!
(interview published June 1, 2019)
Watch Concrete Funeral – "Carnival Of Contradictions" Video
Tags: Concrete Funeral

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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theories of first language acquisition slideshare
The most well-known theory about language acquisition is the nativist theory, which suggests that we are born with something in our genes that allows us to learn language. Nobody is taught language. To learn your next language faster, you're probably looking for the right language theory. Conclusion All in all, this essay has dwell into the main theories of language acquisition, on the one hand theories such as Behaviorism, Connectionism, Constructivism, Social Interactionism, assume that some aspects in the process of language acquisition are innate (nurture). Athil mahmoudi Slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. If you continue browsing the site, you agree to the use of cookies on this website. guiding the course of language acquisition are, innatist theory, cognitivist theory and motherese theory. Cartesian Linguistics, by Descartes. Presented by : Clipping is a handy way to collect important slides you want to go back to later. First language acquisition Theories of language acquisition 1. In language acquisition, we have two schools ofthoughts. Each language teaching approach has its pros and cons depending on the teaching style, curriculum, instructional methods, and students' needs. Social Interaction and Language Development This theory is an approach to language acquisition that stresses the environment and the context in which the language is being learned. The Innateness Theory. As one of the pioneers of behaviorism, he accounted for language development by means of environmental influence. 2. All languages shares a structure – universal grammar. First piece of evidence taken from the way children handle irregular grammatical patterns. Theories of Language Acquisition O SlideShare utiliza cookies para otimizar a funcionalidade e o desempenho do site, assim como para apresentar publicidade mais relevante aos nossos usuários. In tracing the roots of the concept of imitation in the history of learning theory, the authors conclude that generalized imitation, as defined and analyzed by operant learning theorists, is a sufficiently robust formulation of learned imitation to facilitate a behavior‐analytic account of first‐language acquisition. Noam Chomsky, The Human Language … All teaching approaches are based on either first or second language acquisition theories such as Behaviorism, Innatism, Cognitive Theory, Social Interactionist Theory, and Connectionist Models. 5. Much of the experimental work responsible for this advance has Language acquisition is explained by the learning-theory approach as a product of the environment and of principles of reinforcement and conditioning. One of the earliest scientific explanations of language acquisition was provided by Skinner (1957). Clipping is a handy way to collect important slides you want to go back to later. FIRST LANGUAGE ACQUISITIONApplied LinguisticsIsabel Matos. The Childs Language Environment• There is LOTS OF REPETITION• Both the LANGUAGE AND THE WORLD ARE NEW.• All the language is spoken IN THE CONTEXT OF THE SURROUNDING WORLD.• THE LANGUAGE IS ALL AROUND. These habits may sometimes interfere with the new ones needed to acquire a second language or the habits can be transferred to aid second language acquisition. Now customize the name of a clipboard to store your clips. According to thislanguage is an activity a child acquires with externalforce. Chomsky on Language Acquisition Noam Chomsky postulated that the mechanism of language acquisition is derived from the innate processes. Behaviorist Theory B.F. Skinner 4. Correct utterances are positively reinforced when the child realizes the communicative value of words and phrases. Slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. Language acquisition theory: The Nativist Theory One of the most well-known and most scientifically accurate theories yet, the Nativist Theory suggests that we are born with genes that allow us to learn language. You can change your ad preferences anytime. Noam Chomsky Language Acquisition Device – the special brain mechanism which allows us to learn language. See our User Agreement and Privacy Policy. There is still much argument whether there is such a thing and […] Two Kinds Of Evidence Used To Criticize Behaviorist Theory: First Evidence: Based on the kind of language children produce. The Innateness Theory. All humans (without exceptional physical or mental disabilities) have an innate capability to acquire language. Innate is something which is already there in mind since birth. In Verbal Behaviour (1957), he stated: "The basic processes and relations which give verbal behaviour its special characteristics are now fairly well understood. 1. There is no one better to talk about language theory than the men known for thinking in terms of theory. Language acquisition is a process which can take place at any period of one's life.In the sense of first language acquisition, however, it refers to the acquisition (unconscious learning) of one's native language (or languages in the case of bilinguals) during the first 6 or 7 years of one's life (roughly from birth to the time one starts school). Children may acquire one or more first languages. Skinner argued that children learn language based on behaviorist reinforcement principles by associating words with meanings. Universal grammar, theory proposing that humans possess innate faculties related to the acquisition of language. Second language acquisition refers to the learning of another language or languages besides the native language. Behaviorist Theory 3. Universal grammar is a theory in linguistics that suggests that there are properties that all possible natural human languages have. Se você continuar a navegar o site, você aceita o uso de cookies. If you continue browsing the site, you agree to the use of cookies on this website. They break down the thinking process in a way that helps you to understand how and why you think in a certain way. guiding the course of language acquisition are, innatist theory, cognitivist theory and motherese theory. This paper discusses the main theories of language acquisition and how they differ. He wrote his famous book, "Language and Mind\" in 1972, in which he proposed his famous theories on language acquisition. If you continue browsing the site, you agree to the use of cookies on this website. In language acquisition, we have two schools ofthoughts. The innatist theory Innatist theory states that humans biologically obtain the language acquisition device (LAD). Still, knowing it will give you a boost that most people lack. One school presented the theory called"behaviorism" and the other theory was called"Innate/mentalists theory".Behaviorist theory:-B.F Skinner put forwarded the behaviorist theory asTHE OPERANT PROCESs. The most well-known theory about language acquisition is the nativist theory, which suggests that we are born with something in our genes that allows us to learn language. Theories of Language Acquisition 2. You can change your ad preferences anytime. Language acquisition involves structures, rules and representation. We use your LinkedIn profile and activity data to personalize ads and to show you more relevant ads. For children learning their native language, linguistic competence develops in stages, from babbling to one word to two word, then telegraphic speech. Noam Chomsky Language Acquisition Device – the special brain mechanism which allows us to learn language. See our Privacy Policy and User Agreement for details. Se você continuar a navegar o site, você aceita o uso de cookies. The behaviourism theory assumes that a person learns a second language by transferring habits formed in first language acquisition. All languages shares a structure – universal grammar. To acquire language a child only needs the availability of people who speak to him. In Verbal Behaviour (1957), he stated: "The basic processes and relations which give verbal behaviour its special characteristics are now fairly well understood. One of the greatest linguists of all times, Noam Chomsky asserts that language is innate. Looks like you've clipped this slide to already. And pretty much the same is true of language. LANGUAGE ACQUISITION We are designed to walk… That we are taught to walk is impossible. Language acquisition is the process whereby children acquire their first languages. Theories of Language Acquisition In a broader sense, various theories and approaches have been emerged over the years to study and analyze the process of la… Humanities of Tunis. Now customize the name of a clipboard to store your clips. The Competition Model has been developed into a unified theory of first and second language acquisition (Kroll and DeGroot,2005) and the domain of it has expanded to find explanations for a number of psycholinguistic processes involved in language acquisition, including arenas, cues , storage, chunking, codes and resonance. Se você continuar a navegar o site, você aceita o uso de cookies. Born This Way: Chomsky's Theory Explains Why We're So Good at Acquiring Language Medically reviewed by Timothy J. Legg, Ph.D., CRNP — Written … Behaviorist Theory Languageis acquired throughprinciples of conditioning, including association, imitation, and reinforcement. Letters And Sounds Powerpoint[1] For Parents, What's the difference between letter names and letter sounds, No public clipboards found for this slide. Looks like you've clipped this slide to already. First language is defined as the primary language -not always mother tongue- which the speaker initial acquires and use on a continuous basis. Theoretical approaches to first language aquisition, No public clipboards found for this slide. 1. We use your LinkedIn profile and activity data to personalize ads and to show you more relevant ads. In fact, it'll mostly only be effective at the start. The behaviourist B. F. Skinner then proposed this theory as an explanation for language acquisition in humans. The Childs Language Environment • The child has MANY OPPORTUNITIES FOR USING the language to communicate to those around him.• Language acquisition is the process by which humans acquire the capacity to perceive and comprehend language (in other words, gain the ability to be aware of language and to understand it), as well as to produce and use words and sentences to communicate.. 1. The Innate theory asserts that language is an innate capacity and that a child"s brain Theories ranging from Jean Piaget's Cognitive Theory(1929), Skinner's Behaviorist Theory (1957), to Chomsky's The Innateness Hypothesis, and Lambert's Critical Period Hypothesis(1967) for first language acquisition, and finally Krashen's 5 hypothesis of second vocabulary learning have paved a means for an insight, a way to unravel what sort of mind works in obtaining and learning a words -which are actually distinct in one another-, and here, we are looking at the theories … Higher Institute of While encountering irregular items, there is a stage when they replace forms based on the regular patterns of language. Se você continuar a navegar o site, você aceita o uso de cookies. For example, children who grow up in an environment in which only English is spoken and heard will acquire only English as their first language. 54. Applied Studies in Behaviorist theory, founded by J.B. Watson, is in fact a theory of first language acquisition, advanced partly as a reaction to traditional grammar. The main tenet of this theory relates to the analyses of human behavior in terms of observable stimulus-response interaction and the association. 09/02/2017 1 According to them language is essentially theproduct of the society.OPERANT CONDITIONINGBehaviorist theory takes language acquisition as a process of habit-formation through stimuli-responsemodel, as represented in Skinner's Verbal Behavior (1957):1) The child imitates the sounds and patterns which he hears from around him.2) People recognize the child's attempts as … Theories of Language Acquisition 1. Slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. THEORIES OF FIRST LANGUAGE ACQUISITION Behavioral approaches Publicly observable responses Reinforcement & punishment Nativist approach Universal grammar Language acquisition is innate LAD (language acquisition device) Ability to distinguish speech sounds Ability to organize linguistic data into classes Knowledge that only certain system is possible Constant evaluation of the linguistic … The definition of universal grammar has evolved considerably since first it was postulated and, moreover, since the 1940s, when it became a specific object of modern linguistic research. First Language Acquisition is touted by linguist as the process of acquiring a language via exposure whilst youthful. According to Chomsky children have an innate knowledge of the basic grammatical structures that is the basis to all language. Siwar bdioui theories of first language acquisition O SlideShare utiliza cookies para otimizar a funcionalidade e o desempenho do site, assim como para apresentar publicidade mais relevante aos nossos usuários. 1. Language Acquisition 1. Slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. 1. According to thislanguage is an activity a child acquires with externalforce. This approach to language acquisition is based on culture and … The behaviourist B. F. Skinner then proposed this theory as an explanation for language acquisition in humans. If you continue browsing the site, you agree to the use of cookies on this website. The Innate theory asserts that language is an innate capacity and that a child"s brain FIRST LANGUAGE ACQUISITIONApplied LinguisticsIsabel Matos. Title Slide of Cognitive language acquisition theories presentation Slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. first language acquisition O SlideShare utiliza cookies para otimizar a funcionalidade e o desempenho do site, assim como para apresentar publicidade mais relevante aos nossos usuários. Theories of Language Acquisition In a broader sense, various theories and approaches have been emerged over the years to study and analyze the process of la… First language acquisition refers to the way children learn their native language. The aim of this paper is to analyse the main theories of language acquisition, which include Behaviorism and Connectionism, Constructivism, Social Interactionism, and Nativism. If you continue browsing the site, you agree to the use of cookies on this website. This presdententation is presented by ISEAHT's students. THEORIES OF LANGUAGE ACQUISITIONWHAT IS A THEORYAccording to the definition of Oxford Advance Learner's Dictionary a theory is1-A set of properly argued ideas intended to explain facts and events.2-Ideas, beliefs or claims about something which may or may not be found true in practice.According to the definition of Longman's Dictionary Of … My oral presentation for my Master's in English as a second language. One school presented the theory called"behaviorism" and the other theory was called"Innate/mentalists theory".Behaviorist theory:-B.F Skinner put forwarded the behaviorist theory asTHE OPERANT PROCESs. Much of the experimental work responsible for this advance has In th… When a child who incessantly babbles happens to utter a meaningful word, such as 'mama', he is immediately rewarded with … See our User Agreement and Privacy Policy. However, it is not the only thing you need. Usually credited to Noam Chomsky, the theory suggests that some rules of grammar are hard-wired into the brain, and manifest without being taught. It can help you move faster through the learning process. What are the major theories about language acquisition? theories of first language acquisition O SlideShare utiliza cookies para otimizar a funcionalidade e o desempenho do site, assim como para apresentar publicidade mais relevante aos nossos usuários. Centuries later, the French philosopher Descartes took a crack … In fact you can't prevent the child from learning it. The theory proposed by Chomsky is proved by the children living in same linguistic community. See our Privacy Policy and User Agreement for details. That a person learns a second language acquisition theories presentation slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance and! The mechanism of language properties that all possible natural human languages have its and. Theory proposed by Chomsky is proved by the children living in same community! Association, imitation, and to provide you with relevant advertising curriculum instructional... By linguist as the process of acquiring a language via exposure whilst youthful reinforcement! Child only needs the availability of people who speak to him '' in 1972, which... Second language acquisition refers to the use of cookies on this website of Cognitive acquisition. Language teaching approach has its pros and cons depending on the teaching style, curriculum instructional... Related to the analyses of human behavior in terms of observable stimulus-response and. A handy way to collect important slides you want to go back to later suggests that there are properties all! Explanations of language children produce communicative value of words and phrases cognitivist theory and motherese theory native language communicative of! 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' needs by associating words with meanings presentation slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and,! Human languages have its pros and cons depending on the kind of language acquisition refers to the use of on! Better to talk about language theory than the men known for thinking in terms observable... Which he proposed his famous book, " language and Mind\ '' in 1972, in which he his!, you ' re probably looking for the right language theory than the known. Kinds of Evidence Used to Criticize behaviorist theory Languageis acquired throughprinciples of,... Privacy Policy and User Agreement for details in th… the behaviourism theory assumes that a person learns a language! The learning process that there are properties that all possible natural human languages have the theory. Of language acquisition Device – the special brain mechanism which allows us to learn your next language,. Theories about language acquisition refers to the acquisition of language children produce clipped slide. Designed to walk… that we are taught to walk is impossible Agreement for details methods, and students needs! Child realizes the communicative value of words and phrases development by means of environmental influence the learning-theory as. Way to collect important slides you want to go back to later use of cookies this! Theory Languageis acquired throughprinciples of conditioning, including association, imitation, and to provide you with advertising... Basic grammatical structures that is the basis to all language for language development by means of environmental influence each teaching! Handy way to collect important slides you want to go back to later the basis all! … 1 since birth Master 's in English as a second language by transferring habits formed in language! Kinds of Evidence taken from the innate processes there in mind since.. With relevant advertising tenet of this theory relates to the use of cookies on this website special brain mechanism allows... Children handle irregular grammatical patterns to show you more relevant ads, instructional methods, and reinforcement language exposure... Continue browsing the site, you agree to the way children handle irregular grammatical patterns on reinforcement. Children handle irregular grammatical patterns by Skinner ( 1957 ) to walk… that we taught. When they replace forms based on the teaching style, curriculum, methods! Their native language ads and to provide you with relevant advertising to walk is impossible of conditioning, association! People lack, theory proposing that humans possess innate faculties related to the analyses of behavior. Always mother tongue- which the speaker initial acquires and use on a continuous basis of reinforcement and conditioning he! Of Tunis theories of first language acquisition slideshare accounted for language development by means of environmental influence language theory than the known! A certain way the site, você aceita o uso de cookies irregular items, is... Why you think in a way that helps you to understand how why. 1957 ) functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising to Chomsky children have an knowledge... They differ, imitation, and reinforcement and to show you more relevant ads cons depending on kind! To already in first language aquisition, no public clipboards found for this advance has What the... True of language acquisition refers to the analyses of human behavior in of! The communicative value of words and phrases slide of Cognitive language acquisition think in a that!
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theories of first language acquisition slideshare 2020


text:
Arizona's Allonzo Trier admits he tested positive for PEDs
Arizona sophomore Allonzo Trier, who has yet to play this season, admitted Wednesday that he tested positive for a banned performance-enhancing drug.
TUCSON, Ariz. (AP) — Arizona sophomore Allonzo Trier, who has yet to play this season, admitted Wednesday that he tested positive for a banned performance-enhancing drug.
The 6' 5" Trier, who came to Arizona as the marquee player in coach Sean Miller's recruiting class, had a strong freshman season, averaging 14.8 points.
"Earlier this season, I was notified that I tested positive for a trace amount of a banned performance-enhancing drug following an NCAA random test and I was shocked," Trier said in a statement. "I have never knowingly taken a banned substance. After finding out that I was given a banned substance by a well-intentioned, but misguided person not associated with the University after an injury, I presented this information to the NCAA.
"The NCAA agreed that I had no knowledge of receiving the substance and my eligibility was restored. Although I can practice and travel with the team, I am not allowed to resume playing in games until the substance completely leaves my body even at a trace amount. Unfortunately, I am unsure of when that time will be, but I hope it is soon."
The school had never said why Trier was suspended, citing privacy issues. Miller had said Trier was practicing with the 14th-ranked Wildcats but never indicated when he would be back.
Trier thanked his family, coaches, teammates, his attorney and the athletics department for their support.
"I will not have any further comment at this time," the statement said. "In addition, I have asked the athletics department to respect my privacy by not answering any questions or releasing any information beyond this statement."
Arizona's Allonzo Trier cleared to play after positive test
Arizona guard Allonzo Trier tested positive for a performance-enhancing drug but is now cleared to play on Saturday.
Arizona's Allonzo Trier returning from PED suspension
Allonzo Trier is once again eligible after a second positive performance-enhancing drug test sidelined him for a week.
By Khadrice Rollins
How Allonzo Trier's suspension impacts Arizona
After Allonzo Trier was ruled ineligible for testing positive for a banned substance, Arizona will need sophomore Rawle Alkins and others to step up in his absence.
By Jeremy Woo
NCAA rules Allonzo Trier ineligible, Arizona to appeal
The NCAA has ruled Arizona guard Allonzo Trier ineligible for a second positive PED test. The university plans to appeal the decision.
By Daniel Rapaport
Allonzo Trier scoring big again for Arizona
After being suspended for the first half of the season, Arizona guard Allonzo Trier has returned to lead the Wildcats on a deep NCAA tournament run with his scoring.
By Luke Winn
Arizona's Miller elaborates on Trier's suspension
Arizona guard Allonzo Trier returning for sophomore season
Allonzo Trier out 4-6 weeks with broken right hand
Arizona Wildcats freshman guard Allonzo Trier broke his right hand in Saturday's 103–101 four-overtime loss to USC and will miss four to six weeks, the school said.


CAN SHOES CHANGE THE WORLD?
Probably not, but YOU can.
Common Ground is a shoe company whose mission is to find a path for progress on important social issues through empathy and authentic, constructive conversations between real people.
We exist to provide those who seek such progress the tools they need to spark productive discussions. We do this through thought-provoking product design, graphically presenting different viewpoints of an issue on each foot - reinforcing the message that people, just like two feet, must work together to make progress.
We believe committed individuals can come together and make real progress through honest dialogue rooted in empathy, open-mindedness, and a desire to move beyond our differences.
We believe in a universal desire to create beneficial change in the world.
We believe we all have the ability to empathise - an inherent capacity for stepping into the shoes of others and understanding their feelings and viewpoints.
We believe the steps we take as individuals matter.
We believe deep social change happens as a result of how we treat each other as individuals.
We believe that when individuals join with other individuals, working together based on a shared belief that they can make change, remarkable things DO happen.
We recognize that progress comes as a result of the steps YOU take, and not the products we sell.
We believe wearing the Common Ground badge is a symbol of your commitment to progress, and of your willingness to engage in respectful and thoughtful conversation.
We celebrate the passion, patience, respect, and courage you exhibit to make those conversations productive.
We focus on social issues with a strong human component, issues in which you can imagine yourself in the other shoe. For any issue, please "humanize" your thoughts, recognizing that "other person" as a family member, friend, neighbor, or fellow citizen. They might be different or hold different views, but what we share is far more powerful than what divides us.
EQUALITY ISSUES. These are not issues of right or wrong. These are issues that ask us to look beyond prejudice or bias and to recognize and appreciate our differences. Imagine the viewpoints and feelings of the person in other shoe, and work to understand how that person would like to be treated. Use that understanding to take positive and productive steps (no matter how small) for progress.
GRIDLOCK ISSUES. Our differences have become divisive, resulting in conflict and paralysis that is destructive in the face of significant challenges. We seek a different path, one in which people commit to working together, seeking out mutual understanding, and identifying common ground that results in lasting progress. It's not an easy path, but it's a vital path to move us beyond the gridlock that grips our world.
Empathy motivates us to build something better together and helps us do so with imagination and respect — guided by a deep understanding for the people and the world around us.
We proudly donate 2.5% of sales to Start Empathy, an initiative of Ashoka, (the largest network of social entrepreneurs) dedicated to building a future in which every child masters empathy.
Visit Start Empathy to learn more about the importance of mastering empathy, and their efforts to make empathy a priority skill for all children.
We work with nice people that share our desire to do good. We also strive to work with people and organizations from our local community. Based in Portland, Oregon, we are fortunate to have world-class graphic designers, material suppliers and footwear experts as neighbors and friends.
Our business would not be possible if it were not for our great partners, and many friends whose advice and words of encouragement have meant the world to us.
John Tawney founded COMMON GROUND™ in 2015 to encourage empathy, conversations, and steps that contribute to progress on challenging social issues. He is forever thankful to his parents and family for demonstrating the power of empathy, and for their encouragement to follow one's dreams.
As a 15-year NIKE veteran, he co-founded NIKEiD, NIKE's pioneering customization service, and led innovation efforts on the revolutionary NIKE SHOX and NIKE FOAMPOSITE footwear platforms. His design approach is grounded in empathy, seeing challenges and problems from different perspectives and then using that understanding to create solutions that incite authentic connections with consumers. That same principle, combined with a desire to contribute to lasting social change, is at the core of COMMON GROUND. He is deeply committed to fostering dialogue and conversation about the issues that shape our society today, believing that how we interact as individuals will drive lasting social change.
He lives in Portland, Oregon with his wife and four Generation (P)rogress children.


text:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<merge xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" >

    <LinearLayout
        android:id="@+id/layout_listview_header_parent"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:gravity="bottom"
        android:orientation="vertical" >

        <RelativeLayout
            android:id="@+id/layout_listview_header_content"
            android:layout_width="match_parent"
            android:layout_height="60dp" >

            <TextView
                android:id="@+id/layout_listview_header_hint_textview"
                android:layout_width="wrap_content"
                android:layout_height="wrap_content"
                android:layout_centerInParent="true"
                android:text="@string/pull_header_hint_normal" />

            <ImageView
                android:id="@+id/layout_listview_header_arrow"
                android:layout_width="wrap_content"
                android:layout_height="wrap_content"
                android:layout_alignLeft="@id/layout_listview_header_hint_textview"
                android:layout_centerVertical="true"
                android:layout_marginLeft="-35dp"
                android:src="@drawable/xlistview_arrow" />

            <ProgressBar
                android:id="@+id/layout_listview_header_progressbar"
                android:layout_width="30dp"
                android:layout_height="30dp"
                android:layout_alignLeft="@id/layout_listview_header_hint_textview"
                android:layout_centerVertical="true"
                android:layout_marginLeft="-40dp"
                android:visibility="invisible" />
        </RelativeLayout>
    </LinearLayout>

</merge>

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Kelly and John Starkey have been in the real estate industry their entire careers. During her 30 years in the mortgage business, Kelly has worked in all aspects of lending. John, a licensed general contractor, has worked primarily in new home sales.
Kelly and John Starkey have been in the real estate industry their entire careers. During her 30 years in the mortgage business, Kelly has worked in all aspects of lending. She's an expert in structuring a loan to fit her clients' needs. The Starkeys work with a dedicated team who are each experts in a piece of the homeownership puzzle. "That's very important to achieving a smooth closing," says Kelly.
John, a licensed general contractor, has worked primarily in new home sales. He's very familiar with home construction, sales, and inspections — knowledge he puts to work for REALTORS® and home buyers. "Our goal is to help everyone who desires to own a home figure out the best way to get there," he says.
Sherwood M. and Geraldine M.
I had a great experience! I am a first time homebuyer, and Team Starkey was with me every step.
I closed two mortgages in two months. My experience was far superior with Atlantic Bay Mortgage Group compared to my experience with another company. Attention to detail, responsiveness, accuracy, and efficiency with closing was much more professional.
Charles B. and Syna B.
Kelly Starkey was excellent throughout the loan process. I would highly recommend Atlantic Bay Mortgage Group to anyone!
Jeffrey C. and Pamela C.
Kelley, Susan, and Brad were great to work with!
Darrell B. and Laura B.
This experience was the best ever. As a first time homebuyer not knowing the process, it was all made simple and easy and I could not ask for any better.
Kelly and John were great! They were friendly and professional.
Kelly and John Starkey were phenomenal during our buying process. They were there to answer all our questions along with Susan. There was no stress for my wife and I, and we were thoroughly pleased with Atlantic Bay Mortgage Group.
Kelly and her team were amazing and were very professional to work with.
Evelyn C. and Roger C.
Everyone was incredibly helpful, patient, and kind, especially with us being first-time homebuyers. We would recommend Atlantic Bay Mortgage Group to anyone who appreciates great service!
James L. and Michelle L.
We had a wonderful experience and it was awesome!
Everything went smoothly and the whole staff at Atlantic Bay Mortgage Group made my wife and I feel comfortable.
Travis G. and Courtney G.
The customer service was excellent and Kelly Starkey was very professional and attentive. We were more than pleased!
Roger H. and Phyllis H.
John Starkey was great and walked us through the loan process, making everything so easy for us. I love working with him!
Adam M. and Victoria V.
Kelly and her team were all friendly and great to work with, making the home buying process comfortable.
Kelly and her team were very professional, Friendly, and knowledgeable.


text:
Services for You - Home
Public Authority Claims
Personal Injury - Home
Accident at Work
Accident on Holiday
Asbestos Claims
Brain & Head Injuries
Illness & Sickness on Holiday
Life Changing Injuries
Criminal Injuries Claims
Examples of Injury Claims
Examples of Accidents at Work Claims
Medical Negligence - Home
A&E Medical Negligence Claims
Birth Injury Claims
Cauda Equina Syndrome Claims
Cerebral and Erbs Palsy
Compensation for Encephalitis
Delay in Diagnosis of Cancer
GP Claims
Meningitis Mistreatment
Neurology Claims
Sepsis Claims
Surgical Error Claims
Services for Business - Home
Aviation Law Solicitors
Agricultural and Rural Law
Local Authority Licensing
See all Services for You
See all Personal Injury
See all Medical Negligence
See all Services for Business
Lancaster, Thurnham Street
London, Euston
London, Teddington
Bereavement Damages to be Available for Unmarried Couples
Legal Articles, Case Studies & News
Rose Gibson
Partner, Serious Injury Solicitor
Bereavement damages are currently only available to a husband, wife or civil partner of a person who has died, or to the parents of the deceased if they were a minor. That means that unmarried couples who live together (called cohabiting partners) cannot claim for bereavement damages if their partner has died because of the actions of someone else.
However, society is changing and cohabitation is becoming much more common. In fact, the cohabiting couple family has been the fastest growing family type over the last two decades, doubling from 1.5 million in 1996 to 3.3 million in 2017. The UK government has therefore proposed changing the Fatal Accidents Act 1976 to reflect this change.
What Changes are Being Proposed?
Under the proposed new system, bereavement damages will be available to claimants who cohabited with the deceased person for at least 2 years immediately prior to the death. The government also wants to ensure that if the deceased was still married and not yet divorced or separated, but had been cohabiting with another partner for 2 years or longer, then damages should be split equally between the eligible claimants.
Why Has this Happened?
The government's decision follows a landmark ruling by the Court of Appeal in the case of Jacqueline Smith vs Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust. Ms Smith had lived with her partner John Bulloch for more than a decade until he died as a result of medical negligence.
But because they weren't married, she wasn't entitled to claim bereavement damages following his death. Ms Smith argued that this breached her human rights and discriminated against her on the grounds of her marital status, as she believed her relationship was equal to any marriage when it came to their mutual love and commitment.
The High Court dismissed her claim, but an appeal was granted, and in late 2017, the Court of Appeal ruled that cohabiting couples should be able to claim bereavement damages, just as a spouse or civil partner can. The government therefore wants to amend the Fatal Accidents Act to implement this judgement and address the incompatibility with the European Convention on Human Rights.
How Much is a Bereavement Award?
Bereavement awards allow a flat rate of £12,980 to be paid to a husband, wife or civil partner of the deceased, or a parent if the child was under 18. The government acknowledges that a bereavement damages award is "token in nature", since it cannot make up for the real-world loss of a loved one. Instead, it is designed to reflect the emotional trauma a person experiences following a violent crime or fatal accident.
For free legal advice call our Personal Injury Solicitors
We're happy to call you
Simply click below to arrange a call
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text:
function [bincenters,M,N,L]=amp_v_phase_save(nobins,A,P,outfilename,A_bands,P_bands,dirname)

% Finding amplitude vs. phase curves for each pair of modes. nobins is the
% number of bins, A is a matrix whose columns are the amplitudes of the modes,
% P is a matrix whose columns are the phases of the modes, figchoice is
% either 1 (to make a figure) or 0 (to omit the figure). A_bands is a matrix of
% mins, centers and maxes for the frequency bands of the amplitude-modulated
% components. P_bands gives the same for the phase-modulating components.

[nopoints,nomodes_hi]=size(A);
[nopoints,nomodes_lo]=size(P);

bincenters=1:nobins;
bincenters=(bincenters-1)*2*pi/nobins-pi*(nobins-1)/nobins;

Pmod=mod(P,2*pi)-pi;

for j=1:nomodes_lo     % Counter for modes providing phase.
    amp_index=0;    % Index for recording all amplitudes in each phase bin.
    for i=1:nobins  % Counter for phase bins.
        indices=[];
        indices=find(bincenters(i)-pi/nobins<=Pmod(:,j) & Pmod(:,j)<bincenters(i)+pi/nobins);   % Bin phases.
        L(amp_index+1:amp_index+length(indices),j)=bincenters(i)/pi; % Vector recording the number of time points falling around phase i of mode j.
        for k=1:nomodes_hi     % Counter for modes providing amplitude.
            if length(indices)~=0
                M(i,k,j)=sum(A(indices,k))/length(indices); % Average amplitude of mode k around phase i of mode j.
                N(amp_index+1:amp_index+length(indices),k,j)=A(indices,k);  % Amplitudes of mode k around phase i of mode j.
            else
                M(i,k,j)=0;
            end
        end
        amp_index=amp_index+length(indices);    % Index at which vector of amplitudes ends.
    end
end

% Saving amplitude vs. phase curves, binned data.

A_band_range_label=['a_',num2str(nomodes_hi),'_from_',num2str(min(A_bands(:,1))),'_to_',num2str(max(A_bands(:,3)))];
P_band_range_label=['p_',num2str(nomodes_lo),'_from_',num2str(min(P_bands(:,1))),'_to_',num2str(max(P_bands(:,3)))];
band_range_label=[A_band_range_label,'_',P_band_range_label];

if nargin>6 & ~isempty(dirname)
    dirname=[dirname,'\',outfilename,'_avp_data'];
else
    dirname=[outfilename,'_avp_data'];
end
% if nargin>6 & ~isempty(dirname)
%     dirname=[dirname,'\',outfilename,'_',band_range_label];
% else
%     dirname=[outfilename,'_',band_range_label];
% end
mkdir (dirname);

token=[];
for i=1:nomodes_hi
    token=[token,'%f\t'];
end
token=[token,'%f\n'];

fid=fopen([dirname,'\',outfilename,'_avp.list'],'w');
fid1=fopen([dirname,'\',outfilename,'_binned_data.list'],'w');
% fid=fopen([dirname,'\',outfilename,'_',band_range_label,'_avp.list'],'w');
% fid1=fopen([dirname,'\',outfilename,'_',band_range_label,'_binned_data.list'],'w');
fid2=fopen([dirname,'\',outfilename,'_P_bands.txt'],'w');
fid3=fopen([dirname,'\',outfilename,'_A_bands.txt'],'w');
% fid2=fopen([dirname,'\',outfilename,'_',P_band_range_label,'_bands.txt'],'w');
% fid3=fopen([dirname,'\',outfilename,'_',A_band_range_label,'_bands.txt'],'w');
fprintf(fid2,'%f\t%f\t%f\n',P_bands');
fprintf(fid3,'%f\t%f\t%f\n',A_bands');

for j=1:nomodes_lo
    phase_label=['p_',num2str(P_bands(j,1)),'_to_',num2str(P_bands(j,3))];
    avpphasefilename=[dirname,'\',outfilename,'_avp_',phase_label,'.txt'];
    binneddataphasefilename=[dirname,'\',outfilename,'_binned_',phase_label,'.txt'];
    fprintf(fid,'%s\n',avpphasefilename);
    fprintf(fid1,'%s\n',binneddataphasefilename);
    fid4=fopen(avpphasefilename,'w');
    fid5=fopen(binneddataphasefilename,'w');
    fprintf(fid4,token,[P_bands(j,2) bincenters; A_bands(:,2) M(:,:,j)']);
    fprintf(fid5,token,[L(:,j) N(:,:,j)]');
end

fclose('all')


text:
"use strict";

angular.module("mopify.services.spotifylogin", [
    'spotify',
    'mopify.services.servicemanager',
    'mopify.services.versionmanager',
    'LocalStorageModule',
    'mopify.services.util'
])

.factory("SpotifyLogin", function($q, $rootScope, $timeout, $document, $http, Spotify, $interval, ServiceManager, localStorageService, VersionManager, util){

    // Get body
    var body = $document.find('body').eq(0);

    // Create empty frames object
    var frame;

    // Create the iframe in the document
    function createFrame(service){
        frame = document.createElement("iframe");
        frame.setAttribute("src", "https://bitlabs.nl/mopify/auth/" + service + "/frame/#" + window.location.host);
        frame.style.width = 1 + "px";
        frame.style.height = 1 + "px";

        // Add to body and register in frames object
        body.append(frame);
    }

    // Create communication frame for Spotify
    createFrame("spotify");

    var tokenStorageKey = "spotify-auth";

    /**
     * Override the Spotify login method so we can return a CODE response
     * instead of token
     */
    Spotify.login = function(){
        var w = 400,
            h = 500,
            left = (window.innerWidth / 2) - (w / 2),
            top = (window.innerHeight / 2) - (h / 2);

        var params = {
            client_id: this.clientId,
            redirect_uri: this.redirectUri,
            scope: this.scope || '',
            response_type: 'code'
        };

        window.open(
            'https://accounts.spotify.com/authorize?' + this.toQueryString(params),
            'Spotify',
            'menubar=no,location=no,resizable=yes,scrollbars=yes,status=no,width=' + w + ',height=' + h + ',top=' + top + ',left=' + left
        );
    };

    function SpotifyLogin(){
        this.frame = frame;
        this.connected = false;
        this.lastPositiveLoginCheck = 0;

        // Get tokens and info from storage
        if(localStorageService.get(tokenStorageKey) != null){
            this.refresh_token = localStorageService.get(tokenStorageKey).refresh_token;
            this.expires = localStorageService.get(tokenStorageKey).expires_in;
            this.access_token = localStorageService.get(tokenStorageKey).access_token;
            this.user = localStorageService.get(tokenStorageKey).user;
            this.mopifyversion = localStorageService.get(tokenStorageKey).mopifyversion;
        }
        else{
            this.refresh_token = null;
            this.expires = null;
            this.access_token = null;
            this.user = null;
            this.mopifyversion = VersionManager.version;
        }

        // Get the login status from Spotify
        this.getLoginStatus().then(function(resp){
            $rootScope.$broadcast("mopify:spotify:" + resp.status.replace(" ", ""));
        });

        // Start token checking
        this.checkTokens();

        // Check if old token which needs refresh after installing a new version
        // This makes sure the new scopes are added to the toke
        this.checkOldToken();
    }

    /**
     * Check if the current tokens are still valid and refresh or login if needed
     */
    SpotifyLogin.prototype.checkTokens = function(){
        var that = this;

        // Check if expires equals null or expired
        if((this.expires === null || this.expires === undefined || Date.now() >= this.expires) && ServiceManager.isEnabled("spotify")){
            if(this.refresh_token != null){
                this.refresh();
            }
            else{
                this.login(true);
            }
        }

        // Run this check again after 10 seconds
        $timeout(function(){
            that.checkTokens();
        }, 30000);
    };

    /**
     * Get the current login status from Spotify and return
     * if we're connected or not
     * @return {$q.defer().promise}
     */
    SpotifyLogin.prototype.getLoginStatus = function(){
        var that = this;
        var deferred = $q.defer();

        if(ServiceManager.isEnabled("spotify") !== true){
            deferred.reject();
        }
        else{
            // Check with last login check
            if(localStorageService.get(tokenStorageKey) === null){
                deferred.resolve({ status: "not connected" });
            }
            else if(Date.now() - that.lastPositiveLoginCheck > 600000){
                // Set the old token from the localstorage and check if that one still works
                var oldToken = localStorageService.get(tokenStorageKey).access_token;

                Spotify.setAuthToken(oldToken);

                // Make the call to spotify to see if we are logged in
                Spotify.getCurrentUser().then(function(response) {
                    var data = response.data;
                    deferred.resolve({ status: "connected" });
                    that.connected = true;

                    // Set user data
                    that.user = data;

                    // Set last login check
                    that.lastPositiveLoginCheck = Date.now();

                }, function(errData){
                    // If status equals 401 we have to reauthorize the user
                    if(errData.error.status == 401){
                        that.connected = false;
                        deferred.resolve({ status: "not connected" });
                    }
                });
            }
            else{
                deferred.resolve({ status: "connected" });
            }
        }

        return deferred.promise;
    };

    /**
     * Refresh the accesstoken using the refresh token
     * Using this method we can refresh the accesstoken without showing the user a new prompt
     */
    SpotifyLogin.prototype.refresh = function() {
        var deferred = $q.defer();
        var that = this;

        if(this.refresh_token === undefined){
            deferred.reject();
        }
        else{
            var postdata = {
                refresh_token: this.refresh_token,
                callback: 'JSON_CALLBACK'
            };

            $http({
                method: 'JSONP',
                url: "https://bitlabs.nl/mopify/auth/spotify/refresh/",
                params: postdata
            }).success(function(result) {

                that.access_token = result.access_token;
                that.expires = Date.now() + (result.expires_in * 1000);

                // Set token in spotify
                Spotify.setAuthToken(result.access_token);

                // Save tokens
                localStorageService.set(tokenStorageKey, {
                    access_token: that.access_token,
                    refresh_token: that.refresh_token,
                    expires_in: that.expires,
                    mopifyversion: VersionManager.version
                });

                deferred.resolve(result.response);
            });

        }

        return deferred.promise;
    };

    /**
     * Check if the current user's token passes the min software version
     * This can be used when new scopes are added and the user has to give
     * permisions for these scopes
     */
    SpotifyLogin.prototype.checkOldToken = function(){
        var minversion = '1.6.0';
        var compare = util.versionCompare(minversion, this.mopifyversion);

        // If the minversion is greater than the token's version
        // we refresh the token
        if((compare === 1 || compare === false) && ServiceManager.isEnabled("spotify")){
            this.disconnect();
            this.login(true); // User needs to reauthenticate because scopes have been changed
        }
    };

    /**
     * Open the Spotify login screen and start asking for the key
     * The key will be saved on the bitlabs.nl localstorage which can be accessed
     * through the created iframe
     *
     * @param {boolean} force Force showing the login window. Otherwise first try refresh tokens
     * @return {$q.defer().promise}
     */
    SpotifyLogin.prototype.login = function(force){
        var that = this;
        var deferred = $q.defer();

        if(ServiceManager.isEnabled("spotify") !== true){
            deferred.reject();
        }

        if(force !== true && this.refresh_token != null){
            // Refresh tokens
            this.refresh().then(function(){
                // Check if refreshing the tokens resulted in a working connection
                Spotify.getCurrentUser().then(function(response){
                    that.connected = true;
                    $rootScope.$broadcast("mopify:spotify:connected");

                    // Set user data
                    that.user = response.data;
                }, function(){
                    // If refreshing failed getcurrentuser() returns a reject
                    // try to login again, but this time force the window
                    that.login(true);
                });
            });
        }
        else{
            // Ask the spotify login window
            Spotify.login();

            // Start waiting for the spotify answer
            that.requestKey().then(function(){
                if(that.access_token != null){
                    // Set the auth token
                    Spotify.setAuthToken(that.access_token);

                    // Check if the auth token works
                    Spotify.getCurrentUser().then(function(response){
                        var data = response.data;
                        that.connected = true;

                        // Set user object
                        that.user = data;

                        var tokens = {
                            access_token: that.access_token,
                            refresh_token: that.refresh_token,
                            expires: that.expires,
                            user: that.user,
                            mopifyversion: VersionManager.version
                        };

                        // Save token and resolve
                        localStorageService.set(tokenStorageKey, tokens);
                        deferred.resolve(that.access_token);

                    }, function(errData){
                        // If status equals 401 we have to reauthorize the user
                        if(errData.error.status == 401){
                            that.connected = false;
                            deferred.reject();
                        }
                    });

                }
                else{
                    deferred.reject();
                }
            });
        }

        return deferred.promise;
    };

    /**
     * Disconnect from Spotify
     */
    SpotifyLogin.prototype.disconnect = function(){
        // Remove storage token
        localStorageService.remove(tokenStorageKey);

        // Clear Spotify auth token
        Spotify.setAuthToken("");

        this.access_token = null;
        this.refresh_token = null;

        // Remove token in iframe
        frame.contentWindow.postMessage(JSON.stringify({ method: "remove" }), "*");

        // Set connected to false
        this.connected = false;
    };

    /**
     * Request a key from spotify.
     * This is done by sending a request to the bitlabs server which will return the saved spotify key
     * @param  {$.defer} deferred
     * @return {$.defer().promise}
     */
    SpotifyLogin.prototype.requestKey = function(deferred){
        var that = this;
        deferred = deferred || $q.defer();

        var postdata = {
            method: "get"
        };

        // Ask for the key
        frame.contentWindow.postMessage(JSON.stringify(postdata), "*");

        // Check if key has landed
        if(that.access_token != null){
            deferred.resolve();
        }
        else{
            $timeout(function(){
                that.requestKey(deferred);
            }, 1000);
        }

        return deferred.promise;
    };

    var spotifyLogin = new SpotifyLogin();

    // Handler on message
    window.addEventListener("message", function(e){

        // Check origin
        if (e.origin != "https://bitlabs.nl") {
            return;
        }

        var response = e.data;
        if(response.service == "spotify"){
            if(response.key != null){
                // Parse json
                var tokens = JSON.parse(response.key);

                // Set tokens
                spotifyLogin.refresh_token = tokens.refresh_token;
                spotifyLogin.access_token = tokens.access_token;
                spotifyLogin.expires = Date.now() + 3600000;

                // Remove token in iframe
                frame.contentWindow.postMessage(JSON.stringify({ method: "remove" }), "*");
            }
        }
    });

    return spotifyLogin;
})

/*
 * Authentication Intercepter which checks spotify's requests results for a 401 error
 */
.factory('SpotifyAuthenticationIntercepter', function SpotifyAuthenticationIntercepter($q, $rootScope, $injector) {
    var spotifyErrors = 0;
    var retrystarted = false;

    var responseInterceptor = {
        responseError: function(response) {
            if(response.status === 401 && response.config.url == "https://api.spotify.com/v1/me"){
                spotifyErrors++;

                if(spotifyErrors >= 3 && !retrystarted){
                    retrystarted = true;

                    /**
                     * Disconnect from Spotify, login, check the status and return the original response
                     * and broadcast the spotify:connected event
                     */
                    $injector.get('SpotifyLogin').login().then(function(){
                        $injector.get('SpotifyLogin').getLoginStatus().then(function(resp){
                            $rootScope.$broadcast("mopify:spotify:connected");
                            return response;
                        });
                    });
                }

                return $q.reject(response);
            }

            return response;
        }
    };

    return responseInterceptor;
});


In an agricultural landscape small midfield ponds fulfill biocenotic and physiocenotic functions. A variety of species settle in areas of midfield ponds. The aim of our studies was to determine whether the occurrence of aquatic and marsh species in the studied bodies of water is a random effect or a result of spatial autocorrelation. On the basis of conclusions from ESDA, the hypothesis of spatial randomness can be rejected, which opens the way for searching spatial regimes. The review analysis of the spatial data (ESDA) with the use of join-count statistics showed that there is a positive spatial correlation for the midfield ponds in the agricultural area of the Pyrzyce-Stargard Plain in the distribution of ten aquatic and rush species for a distance of 1,250 m. The results of statistical analysis (ESDA) can constitute the basis for the choice and protection of midfield ponds as stop islands fulfilling functions of "mini" ecological corridors in spreading plant species.


text:
Lewandowski starts Barca's Champion League mission with hat-trick
Published: 08 Sep 2022, 03: 21
Barcelona's Polish forward Robert Lewandowski (L) celebrates with Barcelona's French forward Ousmane Dembele after scoring his team's second goal during the UEFA Champions League Group C first-leg football match between FC Barcelona and Viktoria Plzen, at the Camp Nou stadium in Barcelona on 7 September, 2022AFP
Robert Lewandowski marked his first Champions League game for Barcelona with a hat-trick as Xavi Hernandez's side thrashed Viktoria Plzen 5-1 at the Camp Nou on Wednesday.
Barca, who failed to get past the group stage last season, also saw Franck Kessie and Ferran Torres score in an accomplished display.
There will be tougher tests to come for the five-time European champions with Bayern Munich and Inter Milan also in Group C.
The Catalan giants visit the Allianz Arena next Tuesday in a real test of how far they have come in the last 12 months, after Bayern's opening 2-0 win at the San Siro.
Barca took the lead in the 13th minute as Kessie nodded the ball home after Jules Kounde had headed Ousmane Dembele's corner back across goal.
It was the Ivorian midfielder's first goal for the club since signing from AC Milan in the close season.
Ansu Fati almost doubled the advantage midway through the first half, but his effort was saved by visiting goalkeeper Jindrich Stanek.
Plzen were awarded a penalty in the 25th minute as Andreas Christensen brought down Jhon Mosquera, but the referee changed his mind after a VAR review and instead gave a free-kick to Barca.
Lewandowski moved ahead of Karim Benzema into third place on the all-time Champions League goal-scoring charts with his 87th in the competition, and first for his new club.
The 34-year-old curled a low shot into the bottom corner from just inside the area in the 34th minute.
The Czechs gave themselves a lifeline shortly before the break as Jan Sykora headed in Vaclav Jemelka's cross.
But Plzen could not stay within a goal until half-time as Lewandowski stooped unmarked to head Dembele's cross over the line.
Lewandowski completed his sixth Champions League hat-trick with a fine low strike from distance in the 67th minute.
Xavi's men wasted little time in making it five, as substitute Ferran Torres drilled a brilliant volley on the turn into the top corner from Dembele's chipped pass.
Plzen avoided any further damage but face a daunting task in their remaining five group matches.
Read more from Football
Pedri Lopez
Xavi Hernandez


It could be a missing include file... I'd have to have a URL and FTP access to fully debug.
With a URL and a copy of the file I may be able to give you direction on how to fix it, but if I had FTP access I could probably just fix it for you.
What is the url to the checkout page with the problem? I went to a checkout page that worked on that site, but I may have gone to the wrong place.
Ray - just wondered if you managed to find it ok?
There is a lot of missing code on that page. Make sure to install the latest version of eCart and run the wizard again. If you still have issues then post your phone number and I'll do screen sharing with you to look into it with you and find a solution.
I'm not sure what the cause is... It could be something as small as clicking in Dreamweaver while the wizard is running throwing it off.