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THE UNITED NATIONS MEDAL (UNOSOM)
Obverse: The United Nations global projection emblem, above which are the letters "UN".
Reverse: Plain, with the legend "IN THE SERVICE OF PEACE".
Size: 35mm in diameter.
Ribbon: 35mm wide, the ribbon for this medal has an 11mm blue centre stripe, 10mm yellow stripes at each edge, and between the blue and yellow stripes has 2mm green stripes. Ninety days of service in the Mission was necessary to qualify for award of the medal.
Suspension: The ribbon is threaded through a 12mm diameter ring, which passes through a loop fixed to the top of the piece. The ring will move forwards and backwards.
United Nations Operation in Somalia, 24 April 1992 to March 1995. Its mission was to secure an environment for the delivery of humanitarian aid shipments to the people of the region. The task was not helped by the fact that there was a power struggle taking place between rival factions within the country. The maximum strength of UNOSOM was 20,854 personnel. New Zealand had military observers and an Air Force transport unit attached to the force.


Stay at the unique Crowne Plaza Beijing hotel for a central location on Wangfujing Street and easy access to Beijing's business district. Step from the bustling Wangfujing Street into the soaring, 9-storey atrium of Crowne Plaza Beijing's Lobby, where you'll be greeted by our friendly Front Desk staff. You can refresh with coffee and check email with complimentary wireless Internet on our sumptuous, leather sofas or settle into your calming room or Suite. Feel the pulse of the city from your central location on Wangfujing Steet, a short walk from Beijing's international banking and shopping districts. It's 45 minutes' drive to Crowne Plaza Beijing from Beijing International Airport and you're just 8 minutes' walk from Wangfujing subway station. Stroll 15 minutes to the mighty Forbidden City, Beijing's vast, imperial network of wooden temples and palaces, and a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The tempting Beijing roast duck is a favourite in our Xiao Wang Fu restaurant, while we import succulent Australian beef for our Angus Grill. Invite up to 300 people to banquets or conferences in our elegant Grand Ballroom, where our Crowne Meetings Director will see to every detail. For relaxation with a sophisticated twist, come to Crowne Plaza Beijing's indoor rooftop pool and Jacuzzi to unwind in style against a backdrop of majestic views over this dynamic and ever-changing city.
Satisfy your appetite for lunch or dinner at Residence Lounge, a restaurant which specializes in Chinese cuisine, or stay in and take advantage of the room service (during limited hours). Buffet breakfasts are available daily from 6:30 AM to 10 AM for a fee.
Featured amenities include complimentary newspapers in the lobby, dry cleaning/laundry services, and a 24-hour front desk. This hotel has 9 meeting rooms available for events. A roundtrip airport shuttle is complimentary during limited hours.
With a stay at The Emperor Qianmen Beijing, you'll be centrally located in Beijing, steps from Beijing Qianmen Street and within a 10-minute walk of Chairman Mao Memorial Hall. This 4.5-star hotel is 0.7 mi (1.2 km) from National Museum of China and 1.2 mi (1.9 km) from Lao She Teahouse.


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Gary moves to make government more accessible to the disabled
By Gregory Tejeda
Feb 22, 2019 | 7:10 AM
Zully Alvarado, of Causes for Change International, urged the Gary Common Council on Wednesday to support a measure meant to ensure that government is more accessible. (Gregory Tejeda / Post-Tribune)
City of Gary documents and notices will be printed in Braille and large type to make them more accessible, the common council has decided, and other barriers to the disabled also are getting attention from officials.
The council on Feb. 20 voted without opposition for an ordinance by Councilwoman Rebecca Wyatt, D-1st, that is meant to ensure people with disabilities can attend government meetings and read government materials.
"We need to make sure we include all residents of Gary when we do our business," Wyatt said. "All people should have access to our actions."
She said many people associate the need for access with the use of wheelchairs when disabilities can extend beyond physical limitations.
"It is time for us to start thinking about this issue. It would have a large impact on improving the way the council does business," Wyatt said.
Zully Alvarado, head of Causes for Change International, urged the common council to pass Wyatt's measure, saying it should not be thought of as a complicated plan that would add great expense to government operations.
"There are simple things that can be done to make sure that everybody has total access to government," she said.
Council President Ronald Brewer said he has been studying the issue and has concluded the city needs to do more to improve disabled access. He cited improperly designed ramps along Broadway that often result in deep puddles after heavy rainfall, a significant hurdle for those in wheelchairs.
"We also have to make sure the push buttons for traffic signals are at the right height for pedestrians who use them," he said.
Gregory Tejeda is a freelance reporter for the Post-Tribune.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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The House of Lobanov () is a monument of architecture of local value down the street Greek, 32 in the city of Taganrog of the Rostov Oblast.

History and description
The petty bourgeois Matvei Yakovlevich Lobanov in 1897 built the one-storey house down the street Greek, 32. As of 1906, the house still was in its property. According to one data, in 1910, on others – in 1915, the mansion became Natalya Dmitriyevna Shchuchkina's property. Her husband – the doctor and the councilor of state Ivan Pavlovich Shchuchkin since the beginning of the 20th century was a medical officer in Taganrog. The family raised three children. The only son – Pavel – was built in a rank of horunzhy. At thirty-year age he tragically was killed in battle in East Prussia, his father Ivan Pavlovich, at the beginning of February 1915 reached the field of battle and delivered the son's body to Taganrog. In 1921 in the house down the street Greek, 32 there was a shelter No. 10. Since 1992 the house was given the status of a monument of architecture, it is protected by the law.

The facade of the house can be divided into three parts conditionally. Over side parts figured pediments are located. To the left of the house shod gate with a gate were constructed. In the yard of the house the small tower with a balcony is built on. The porch is located on the center. On a facade several rounded windows are visible, the structure is decorated by semi-columns.

References

Tourist attractions in Taganrog
Buildings and structures in Taganrog
Cultural heritage monuments in Taganrog
Cultural heritage monuments of regional significance in Rostov Oblast

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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WHO'S WHO AT THE SOCIETY OF GARDEN DESIGNERS
SGD Council
The Society of Garden Designers is governed by the SGD Council. This is a voluntary group of Members, who are elected by the Membership and serve a three-year term.
Each Council member holds one vote, and is responsible for a particular area, such as finance or education.
The Council oversees the running of the organisation and develops its vision, aims and strategy.
It is supported by a number of sub-committees, including adjudication, sponsorship, the SGD Awards and conferences.
It meets approximately 10 times a year.
Other notable volunteers include our network of Regional Co-ordinating Officers, who manage development days and events around the country; and the leaders of our many Cluster Groups, who organise local meetings for Members on a more regular basis.
Further information is available in the SGD's Organisation Chart. Please note that you will need to zoom in to read the information.
Meet the SGD Council:
Lynne Marcus MSGD
Chair of the Council & Awards
Andrew Duff MSGD
Vice-Chair of the Council & International
John Wyer FSGD
Patricia Fox MSGD
Tracy McQue MSGD
Stuart Towner
Rachel Bailey MSGD
Reporting to Council (non voting)
Julianne Fernandez
Matt Haddon MSGD
Darryl Moore
Education and Diversity
Sarah Morgan FSGD
Ali Paterson MSGD
Jane Bingham
Manoj Malde
WHY USE A SGD REGISTERED MEMBER?
Whether you want to create a brand new garden or are simply looking for an inspired new planting plan the Society of Garden Designers is here to help.
Our members are some of the leading names in the industry, working across a wide range of projects from small courtyards and roof gardens to country estates and urban parks.
All the garden designers listed on this website are fully accredited by the Society and have been trained to
the highest professional standard.


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Why Hilary Duff May Never Marry Again
Story from Pop Culture
Hilary Duff Might Never Marry Again & She's Okay With It
Kaitlin Reilly
Photo: Gregory Pace/REX/Shutterstock
Hilary Duff isn't dreaming of a white dress. In fact, when it comes to marriage, she's kind of over the whole thing. As reported by E! Online, the Younger actress spoke candidly about all things life and love on The Love Bomb podcast, hosted by her co-star Nico Tortorella. Though Duff was previously married to hockey player Mike Comrie — with whom she has one son, Luca — the 29-year-old admitted that being a wife may have been a one-time deal. "I think that I was in a very successful marriage for a long time... [We] got together based on love and we separated in a very loving way. I can't imagine going through that process with anyone but [Comrie], and he continues to be my very good friend," says Duff of her relationship with the athlete. Though Duff is currently in a relationship with fitness trainer Jason Walsh, she's not eager to be a bride. She told Tortorella: "I don't feel the need to get married again. As much as I was ready and excited, you're like, 'Oh, next step: We get married.' That's kind of the traditional person I'm talking about that's inside of me, or however I was raised. But I don't feel the need," Duff stated on the podcast. "I got to have the experience and it was awesome. So, I guess if it mattered to someone else that much, I would consider it." It sounds like Duff is taking a relaxed approach to her romantic future. The former Lizzie McGuire actress may be in a serious romance right now, but it was just over a year ago that she shared her "Sparks" video, which showed the grown-up Disney kid seeking dates on Tinder. Duff got married young — she wed Comrie at 22 — so it makes sense that she's not itching to rush into another marriage in her 20s. Cute trainer by her side or not, this lady is doing her own thing, and it's inspiring to see that she's so relaxed about whatever the future holds.
Hilary Duff Marriage Comments Love Life Lessons
Pop Culture • Entertainment
written by Kaitlin Reilly
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TV & Film News
Blues Legend BB King Dies
15 May 2015, 11:11 | Updated: 15 May 2015, 11:30
The singer and guitarist was 89 years old.
Iconic blues guitarist BB King has died, aged 89. It is reported that he passed away during the night (Thursday 14th) in Las Vegas. King was famous for his deep, raspy voices and his signature guitar style that helped define the blues.
As well as being a Music Hall Of Fame inductee, King collaborated with a wealth of artists; including Eric Clapton, John Lee Hooker and U2. His U2 track, When Love Comes To Town, was used in their film Rattle & Hum.
You can watch When Love Comes To Town below.
R.I.P BB King.
Latest On Radio X
Only a genius can score 100% on this year 1989 lyrics quiz
This quiz will tell you if you're OASIS or BLUR
This quiz will tell you if you're as nice as Dave Grohl


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Le district de Rudnik est l'un des 17 districts de la municipalité de Ljubljana. Il est situé au sud de l'agglomération et a pris la suite d'un village du même nom, incorporé dans la municipalité de Ljubljana en 1961. Sa superficie est de .

Notes et références

Rudnik


How do I create a separate, limited-access user account for a client or employee? – Grade Us, Inc.
Our user management feature allows you to create separate logins with varying degrees of access for clients or employees. To add a new user, navigate to Manage > Users.
In the top right of the Users tab, click the Add a User button.
Additionally, you can select which portions of the Dashboard you'd like them to see for their selected businesses and/or locations by editing their Custom Permissions. You can change these at any time, along with the user's account type.
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Click the Submit button to submit your request. An email will be sent to the new user with a link that will allow them to set up their new account. The token contained in this email is valid for two weeks, after which the administrator must send a new invitation.
When the user has logged in for the first time, it will be reflected in their User List entry under the Last Login column (this column is blank until the user sets up their account).


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Trazodone and Alcohol: Memory Loss from Recreational Use
What Is Trazodone?
Can Mixing the Drug Cause Memory Loss?
How Else Do Trazodone and Alcohol Interact?
Can You Overdose on Trazodone?
When you go to the doctor's office, the forms you fill out usually ask you about your use of alcohol. There are many reasons for this, but one of them is that alcohol can complicate treatment with medications. Many people drink while taking a prescription drug without thinking. Sometimes it causes some unpleasant consequences. Even more dangerous, people may combine drugs with alcohol on purpose for unique or enhanced effects.
Trazodone is an antidepressant medication that usually isn't used for recreational use. It was once used to treat depression, but other medications have all but taken its place for that purpose. It may be used off-label for other purposes like the treatment of insomnia. Like other medications, it may have some negative side effects when it's mixed with alcohol.
What happens with trazodone is combined with alcohol, and how could it affect your memory? Learn more about memory loss and trazodone's other dangerous side effects when it's mixed with alcohol.
Trazodone is an antidepressant medication that has been in use since the 1980s. One of its most common side effects is drowsiness, which is why it may also be used as a sleep aid in the treatment of insomnia. Trazodone is a member of a class of drugs called serotonin antagonist and reuptake inhibitors (SARIs). Serotonin is an important chemical in the brain that's closely tied to mood. When it comes to issues like depression, serotonin levels may be a contributing factor to your low mood.
Trazodone has several effects on the brain. As an antagonist, it blocks certain serotonin receptors. As a reuptake inhibitor, it blocks serotonin from being removed from your system. It also has an active metabolite called mCPP, which is a chemical made when trazodone is broken down that also has effects. This chemical also influences serotonin in the brain.
There is a range of depression medications today, and trazodone may not be at the top of the list anymore. However, when depression may occur alongside insomnia, trazodone may be useful, even though it doesn't have FDA approval as a sleep aid. It's used for other off-label treatments for Alzheimer's, schizophrenia, and fibromyalgia. The drug comes with uncomfortable side effects, including sedation, cardiac arrhythmias, dry mouth, confusion, headache, nausea, constipation, and blurred vision.
Does Trazodone Have a High Abuse Liability?
Trazodone is a SARI, which is a class of drug that's not normally associated with abuse and substance use problems. Drugs with significant abuse liabilities often cause euphoric effects. Recreational drugs also tend to interact with dopamine in the brain to create a feeling of reward and pleasure. Trazadone is a sedative, and other sedatives may be used as recreational substances. Barbiturates and benzodiazepines have a significant risk for abuse and dependence.
Opioids have some sedating effects, and they also are extremely addictive. However, while these drugs can have significant abuse liability, they also increase dopamine levels in the brain, causing a rewarding feeling when taking them in high enough doses. But trazodone doesn't increase dopamine levels. Instead, it reduces the levels of neurotransmitters with arousal effects, including dopamine.
According to the Food and Drug Administration, trazodone hasn't been studied for its potential for abuse systematically. Still, they also note that there was no indication of drug-seeking behavior in other clinical studies that investigated the use of trazodone in humans. Still, taking the drug alongside recreational substances may be dangerous.
Why Would People Mix Trazodone and Alcohol Use?
There are several reasons someone might take prescription drugs alongside recreational substances like alcohol. Some people, especially adolescents, may take the drug to experiment with its effects. Other drugs with sedative effects are intentionally mixed with alcohol to create a unique high. Some may try to make a drug cocktail with trazodone, not knowing that it does really contribute its own euphoric effects.
It may be more common for people to use the two drugs accidentally, leading to a trazodone and alcohol overdose. Alcohol use is a common part of life for many people. People that drink regularly may not realize that a new medication is not safe to take with alcohol. For that reason, it's important to check the label or speak to your doctor or pharmacist before you decide to drink.
Alcohol use disorders often co-occur with anxiety disorders. If you're seeking treatment for anxiety, but your doctor isn't aware that you have an alcohol use problem, you may use both substances at the same time. Plus, it's important to address alcohol use problems and anxiety at the same time. If one is left untreated, any attempt to treat the other may be less effective.
Does Trazodone Cause Memory Loss When Mixed?
Drinking alcohol is actually a chemical called ethanol that's in the alcohol family. It works in the brain as a central nervous system depressant, which means it slows down nervous system activity. That's what gives it its calming and relaxing effects. In fact, its depressing effects also contribute to its disinhibiting effects. It suppresses anxiety and decision-making skills. An alcohol binge can cause memory impairment, which is usually referred to as a blackout.
Alcohol can interfere with the process of short-term memories making it into long-term memory storage. That's why you could have no problem remembering where you are or what you're doing while you're binge drinking and then have trouble remembering it the next day.
Trazodone isn't a central nervous system depressant in the same way that alcohol is, but it can cause depressing effects like sedation. It has also been shown to cause significant impairments of short-term memory in some people. Because trazodone can amplify some of the effects of alcohol, you may experience memory impairment after drinking much smaller amounts than you would normally need to induce a blackout without trazodone.
This kind of memory loss is usually only associated with the lost memories during the blackout and probably won't affect your memory in the long term. However, experiencing a blackout or memory loss can be frightening. Waking up in a strange place, or even in a familiar one with no memory of how you got there or what has happened to you is scary.
Trazodone and alcohol cause depressing effects in the nervous system. Alcohol is widely known to create potentially dangerous side effects when it's mixed with other depressants like benzodiazepines and opioids like heroin. However, can it be dangerous to mix with a SARI? Central nervous system depressants work by interacting with a chemical called gamma-Aminobutyric acid (GABA), which causes relaxing and sedating effects.
Though it works differently than other depressants, trazodone has been shown to have some influence over GABA, especially in higher doses. High doses of trazodone can enhance GABA release. Alcohol affects GABA in a different way; it binds to GABA receptors and increases the efficacy of GABA. If trazodone releases more GABA and alcohol makes GABA more powerful, the combination could create more potent depressing effects.
When the drug is combined with alcohol, you may feel fatigue, sedation, and even loss of consciousness. Extreme drowsiness can also cause accidents and injury. The combination might lead to other more pronounced effects that are often seen with heavy drinking, like slurred speech, loss of motor control, impaired judgment, and other cognitive issues. If you're an experienced drinker, you may notice that trazodone causes you to feel very drunk with smaller amounts of alcohol.
Trazodone isn't usually associated with recreational use, but some may seek it out for its ability to enhance alcohol's effects. However, mixing them can be potentially life-threatening. Because trazodone enhances alcohol's effects, it could lead to an overdose more quickly and with less alcohol. This may mean losing consciousness, slow and shallow breathing, and a slow heart rate. An overdose can be fatal if your breathing slows to the point of oxygen deprivation, stroke, or heart failure.
By itself, trazodone isn't known to cause fatal overdoses, but high doses can cause serious problems. It's possible for trazodone to cause a condition called serotonin syndrome, which is a group of symptoms commonly associated with a serotonin imbalance that is caused by certain medications. Very high serotonin levels may cause symptoms that affect your mental state, muscle tension, and autonomic nervous system.
Serotonin syndrome can cause agitation, racing thoughts, paranoia, confusion, and anxiety. Muscle tension could cause tremors, overactive reflexes, and stiff muscles. Autonomic nervous system effects could affect your heart rate, breathing, blood pressure, and body temperature. You may feel sensitive to light, sweating, a racing heartbeat, and fast breathing.
Trazodone isn't commonly associated with serotonin syndrome, though any drug that increases serotonin levels may cause it, especially if they take other medications at the same time. Serotonin syndrome isn't usually life-threatening, but it may require medical intervention.
Fatal overdose events involving trazodone often include alcohol or other medications. Trazodone may also be dangerous when it's mixed with other depressants like benzodiazepines and barbiturates. It may also lead to serotonin syndrome when it's mixed with certain muscle relaxers or other antidepressants like SSRIs.
How is Trazodone and Alcohol Overdose Treated?
If you're experiencing an overdose on alcohol and trazodone, you will require immediate medical attention. An overdose can be treated, but it may need help and monitoring from medical professionals. Not every overdose is fatal, but your symptoms may need to be monitored for potentially life-threatening complications. If you call an ambulance, emergency medical professionals will pay attention to your vitals, especially your heart rate. Your heart rate will continue to be monitored by doctors. Trazodone can affect the heart in high doses, leading to complications like arrhythmia. Your breathing will also be monitored. Both alcohol and trazodone can slow or stop your breathing, which can lead to oxygen deprivation, coma, or death.
You may be given activated charcoal, especially if emergency responders aren't sure what you took that caused your overdose. Activated charcoal is used to absorb certain types of chemicals to slow their entrance into your bloodstream. You may also be put on an IV and given oxygen if your breathing slows. If you or someone you're with is experiencing an overdose, you can help medical professionals by letting them know what you took and how much you took.
How Dangerous Is It To Detox From Alcohol At Home?
Quitting Alcohol Cold Turkey
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Written by: Joseph Raspolich
About Joseph Raspolich: Joe is a writer for Delphi and has dedicated his career to creating well-researched content so that those that are in search of treatment can find the help they need.
Loren Miller Medical Reviewer
Shin, J. J. (2021, August 6). Trazodone. StatPearls [Internet]. Retrieved https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK470560/
FDA. Trazodone. 9.2 Abuse. Retrieved https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2017/018207s032lbl.pdf
Luparini MR; Garrone B;Pazzagli M; Pinza M; Pepeu G;. (2004, November). A cortical GABA-5HT interaction in the mechanism of action of the antidepressant trazodone. Retrieved https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15610924/
National Institute on Drug Abuse. (n.d.). Opioids. Retrieved https://www.drugabuse.gov/drugs-abuse/opioids
RxList. (2019, September 17). Gamma-aminobutyric Acid: Health Benefits, Uses, Side Effects, Dosage & Interactions. Retrieved https://www.rxlist.com/gamma-aminobutyric_acid/supplements.htm
RxList. (2018, February 6). Benzodiazepines Drug Class: Side Effects, Types & Uses. Retrieved https://www.rxlist.com/benzodiazepines/drug-class.htm
Roth, A., McCall, W., & Liguori, A. (2011, December). Cognitive, psychomotor and polysomnographic effects of trazodone in primary insomniacs. Retrieved https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3165092/
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Exclusive 'Avengers Endgame' Interview: "You All Have No Idea"
Jadzia Samuel Wednesday 24 April 2019
The countdown to the release of 'Avengers: Endgame' is rapidly drawing to an end and this Friday the film will finally be released in cinemas worldwide. Thousands of people have been involved in the creation of this monumental blockbuster and via our contacts at eCartelera we have had the incredible chance to speak with one of the digital effects specialists, Daniel Antón Fernández, who works for Digital Domain.
Entire teams of people go into the creation of each and every shot and Antón explained what it is like to work in large Hollywood productions like Marvel films. Although he was careful not to confess too much, and this article is entirely spoiler free, the interview was enough to bring us to the edge of our seats with excitement. One thing is clear: you should prepare yourselves to be shocked.
How much does an individual worker see of the overall image?
Antón: When we worked on 'Endgame' we only had access to the shots which we had to do, the ones the company had. Marvel security is brutal, they even cut us off from the internet. Everything was done via a secure service. Although we only had the shots on which we were working, they did give us an idea about what was going on.
Have you accidentally stumbled upon any spoilers?
Antón: Yes, actually I saw quite a big one. Because I was working on a sequence in which something really big happens to one of the original Avengers. In 'Infinity War' I also found a spoiler, but the two spoilers that I've found in 'Endgame' were a lot bigger because they're both very important points in the film which can affect the MCU forever. But I really cannot say anymore.
When did you finish everything?
Antón: It was handed in two weeks ago. Everything on our part is all completed. However, the asked us to do a couple of shots just for the marketing. Because Marvel loves that, almost all of the shots that you are seeing in the trailers are not actually like that in the film. It is so much fun to watch the theories and analyses of the trailers because you just think: "You've got it so wrong... You have no idea...".
But... what could this mean? This is too much excitement to bear.
A Very Emotional Scene
In the interview Daniel Antón explained some of the challenges he faces working within the VFX business, confessing that often there are last minute alterations which need to be made to these big Hollywood blockbusters, and that 'Endgame' was no exception.
Were there any last minute panics?
Antón: It happened in one of the sequences in 'Endgame', the one in which I had seen a spoiler. We were working on it for five or six months and then they did a test screening and they decided that they were going to reshoot it and change practically everything in the entire scene only a couple of months before the release. We had to redo the whole scene again because we couldn't reuse hardly anything. The final outcome of the sequence is the same, but the way in which they get there is very different; we had done the scene with a lot of action and they decided that it was too much and they wanted it to be more emotional and sentimental and we had to change almost everything.
An "emotional and sentimental" sequence!? It seems that we will have to go to the cinema with plenty of tissues at the ready (and waterproof mascara)!
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The start and finish lines were very difficult to determine due to the conditions needing many helpers, with Dorinda & Brenden Nellis coordinating the results on North Side assisted by Andrew Hurst and many others. Then on the South shore Chris Baldwick coordinating with and Ado Jardine, David Harris and others. Chief photographer this year was Roy Froud and last but not least Nik Froud with his young crew in the rescue dinghy, probably the busiest and hardest task of all.
Many thanks again must go to the Solent Radio Controlled Model Boat Club for allowing the Setley Junior Model Yacht event to be held.


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Spectral properties of quantum diffusion
Italo Guarneri (2010), Scholarpedia, 5(11):10463. doi:10.4249/scholarpedia.10463 revision #137228 [link to/cite this article]
Curator: Italo Guarneri
Dima Shepelyansky
Eugene M. Izhikevich
Nick Orbeck
Prof. Italo Guarneri, Dipartimento di Fisica e Matematica, Universita dell'Insubria, Como, Italy
The spectral properties of quantum diffusion are a special case of the tight connections which exist in general between the long-time properties of quantum motion and the structure of spectra on small energy scales. They refine the elementary notion that bounded and unbounded motion respectively correspond to discrete and continuous energy spectra, as they also account for intermediate types of spectra, such as fractal spectra. Such properties are especially relevant to the dynamics of quantum particles in extended systems, i.e. in potentials which are spatially homogeneous, at least in a statistical sense: e.g., electrons in solids, with various degrees of order/disorder.
1 Coherent Quantum Diffusion.
2 Heuristic Argument.
3 Spectral Dimensions.
4 Exact Results.
Coherent Quantum Diffusion.
Particles in extended systems are neither asymptotically free, nor trapped by binding potentials, so quantum diffusion may arise as a fully coherent quantum effect, with the mean displacement of a particle from its initial position increasing with some nontrivial power of time (diffusion exponent), and the probability of return decreasing with a likewise nontrivial inverse power of time. Paradigmatic examples are provided by models of electronic transport in quasi-crystals (e.g., the Fibonacci model), by the Harper model (also known as the almost-Mathieu model in the mathematical literature), by quantum maps like the Kicked Harper model, and others. In such examples quantum diffusion is typically associated with a fractal structure of the spectrum (Abe and Hiramoto 1987). The quantum diffusion is anomalous, for the following reasons: the diffusion exponent is not, typically, exactly equal to 1/2; it may even depend on the choice of an initial state; the exponent of growth of the \(q\)-th moment of the displacement does not scale proportional to \( q\) (multiscaling). It is a purely quantal effect, typically unrelated to motion in the classical limit. For instance, in many models it crucially depends on the arithmetic properties of some effective Planck's constant; notably on whether this constant is expressed by a rational number, or not. It is a long-time effect, which becomes manifest after short-time memories of the classical motion are lost. Anomalous quantum diffusion has been surmised to lie at the root of anomalous transport properties of quasi-crystals at low temperatures ( Schulz-Baldes and Bellissard 1998).
The basic spectral property underlying quantum diffusion is that the diffusion exponent is the larger, the more continuous the spectrum is: the degree of continuity of a spectrum being measured by appropriate fractal dimensions. Such dimensions range from 0 in the case of point spectra to 1 in the case of absolutely continuous spectra . The former case occurs e.g. with disordered quasi-one dimensional solids (Anderson localization), and the latter with band spectra in perfect crystals.
Heuristic Argument.
Connections between spectra and dynamics are easier to analyze for wave packets which propagate on the \(d\)-dimensional discrete lattice \(\mathbb{Z}^d\ .\) This lattice may represent a real lattice in physical space, as in the case of tight-binding models for electrons in solids, or may be one in momentum space, as in the case of certain quantum maps. In full generality, it may be defined by any complete orthonormal set of states in the Hilbert space of the system, each state in the basis corresponding to a site in the lattice. Let \(\psi\) be a state, \(\hat H\) the Hamiltonian, and let \(\psi(t)=e^{-i{\hat H}t}\psi\ ,\) where \(\hbar=1\) is assumed with no limitation of generality. If \(d=1\ ,\) the connection between fractal spectra and coherent diffusion is illustrated by the following heuristic argument. Let a wave-packet be at time \(t=0\) located at the origin in the lattice. If \({\vec{\hat X}}=({\hat X}_1,\ldots,{\hat X}_d)\) denotes the position operator, and \(|\vec{\hat X}|^2=\hat{X}_1^2+\ldots+{\hat X}_d^2\ ,\) then the mean-square displacement at time \(t>0\) is given by \(\langle\psi(t)|\;|{\vec{\hat X}}|^2|\psi(t)\rangle\ .\) Assume that it increases proportional to \(t^{\alpha}\ .\) At any given time \(t>0\ ,\) the motion will have resolved the energy spectrum on a scale \(\sim 1/t\ ;\) on the other hand, the number of energy eigenstates significantly contributing in the motion up to that time may be roughly identified with the number of site-states which have been excited at that time, i.e. \(\sim t^{\alpha/2}\ .\) So the spectrum is resolved on the scale \(\delta=1/t\) by \(\delta^{-\alpha/2}\) points, and this suggests that the spectrum is a fractal set, with a box-counting dimension not larger than \(\alpha/2\ .\)
Spectral Dimensions.
The above heuristic argument is made rigorous using the concept of spectral measure. It is the fractal properties of such measures, rather than those of the spectrum as a set of real numbers, that strongly affect the wave packet dynamics. The spectral measure of a normalized state \(\psi\) (also called local density of states) is defined on the subsets of the real line so that the measure \(\mu_{\psi}(B)\) of a given set \(B\) is equal to the probability that a measurement of energy performed when the system is in state \(\psi\) yields a value \(E\in B\ .\) Several types of fractal dimensions may be attached to a spectral measure; among these, the Renyi dimensions \( D_q(\mu_{\psi})\ ,\) where the real parameter \(q\) is the order of the dimension. The Renyi dimension \(D_2\) is called correlation dimension of the measure. The dimension \(D_1\) is called information dimension, and may be loosely identified with the minimal fractal dimension that a spectral set must have, if it is to carry the whole of the spectral measure. In the case of a pure point spectrum, which occurs whenever a complete set of normalizable energy eigenfunctions exist, the spectral measure of any state is concentrated in the countable set of points which correspond to the energy levels, so \(D_1=0\ .\) In the opposite case of an absolutely continuous spectrum (e.g., a band spectrum) no set can have zero Lebesgue measure, which has nonzero spectral measure, and then \(D_1=1\ .\) Each state has its own spectral measure, and the presence of states which have spectral measures with \(0<D_1<1\) signals that the spectrum is "of a multifractal type". The proper mathematical denotation is singular continuous spectrum. Singular continuity is not a geometric property of the spectrum as a set of real numbers; it is instead a property of the spectral measures, which convey much more information than the bare structure of spectra. Though fairly frequent in extended systems, spectra of this type are rather unstable, as they often tend to collapse into pure point spectra under tiny perturbations. A quite popular example is related to the Hofstadter Butterfly.
Exact Results.
The probability of survival in the initial state, time-averaged up to time \(T\ ,\) satisfies: \[\tag{1} \lim\limits_{T\to\infty}\frac1T\int_0^Tdt\;|\langle\psi(0)|\psi(t)\rangle|^2\;=\;\sum\limits_{E}\|{\hat P}_E\psi(0)\|^4\;, \]
where the sum is over the at most countable set of proper eigenenergies \(E\) (i.e., the energy eigenvalues which are associated with normalizable eigenfunctions) and \(\hat{P}_E\psi(0)\) is the projection of the state \(\psi(0)\) onto the eigenspace corresponding to energy \(E\ .\) If the spectrum is pure point and non-degenerate, the quantity on the rhs in (1) is the inverse participation ratio of the given state on the energy eigenbasis. In the case when the spectrum is purely continuous the survival probability decays to \(0\) as \(T\to\infty\ ,\) and the asymptotic decay law is (Ketzmerick et al. 1992): \[\tag{2} \frac1T\int_0^Tdt\;|\langle\psi(0)|\psi(t)\rangle|^2\;\sim\;C_1 T^{\;-D_2(\mu_{\psi})}\;, \]
for some constant \(C_1\) depending on the initial state. The growth with time of the time-averaged moments of the position operator \(\vec{X}\) is subject to the lower bound (Guarneri 1989, Combes 1993, Last 1996): \[\tag{3} \frac1T\int_0^Tdt\;\langle\psi(t)|\;|\vec{\hat{X}}\;|^{2r}|\psi(t)\rangle\;>\;CT^{\;2rD_1(\mu_{\psi})/d}\;, \]
which holds for all times \(T>0\ ,\) where \(r\) is an arbitrary positive real number, and \(C\) is a constant, depending on \(r\) and on the state \(\psi\ .\) A fully precise formulation of the above bound requires replacing \(D_1\) with the upper Hausdorff dimension of the measure. The bound (3) is one-sided, so, while slow diffusion implies a low spectral dimension, the converse is not true of necessity. In particular, a point spectrum may not exclude unbounded motion: a physically significant example is the random dimer model, which is a 1-dimensional solid with a special type of correlated disorder. This model has a pure point spectrum, yet motion is superdiffusive, as the exponent of growth of the 2nd moment of position is \(3/2\) (Phillips and Wu 1992, Jitomirskaya and Schulz-Baldes 2007).
Improved lower bounds on the growth of moments of the position operator can be established whenever supplementary information about the decay of generalized eigenfunctions is available (Ketzmerick et al. 1997, Kiselev and Last 2000). Other lower bounds have \(D_1\) on the right-hand side in (3) replaced by another Renyi dimension, the order \(q\) of which is related in nontrivial ways to the order \(2r\) of the moment to be bounded (Piechon 1996, Guarneri and Schulz-Baldes 1999, Barbaroux et al. 2001).
Precise estimates of the exponents of growth require that upper bounds be also established. Such bounds cannot be purely spectral ones. An elementary, fairly general upper bound which is valid for a wide class of systems of the type considered here is the ballistic bound, which says that the moment of order \(2r\) cannot grow faster than \(t^{2r}\ .\) On account of (3), for \(d=1\) this bound is always attained with absolutely continuous spectra, but this is not necessarily true when \(d>1\ .\) While (3) does not exclude that the ballistic bound may be attained even with singular continuous spectra, it can never be exactly attained with pure point spectra (Simon 1990).
More precise bounds require specific, model-dependent information. Such bounds have been proven, e.g., for the Fibonacci model (Damanik and Tcheremchantsev 2007) and for the random polymer models (Jitomirskaya and Schulz-Baldes 2007).
Abe, S. and Hiramoto, H. (1987). Fractal dynamics of electronic wave packets in one-dimensional quasi-periodic systems. Phys. Rev. A 36: 1-13.
Schulz-Baldes, H. and Bellissard, J. (1998). A kinetic theory for quantum transport in aperiodic media. J. Stat. Phys. 91: 991.
Guarneri, I. (1989). Spectral properties of quantum diffusion on discrete lattices. Europhys.Lett. 10: 95.
Ketzmerick, R.; Petschel, G. and Geisel, T. (1992). Slow decay of temporal correlations in quantum systems with Cantor spectra. Phys. Rev. Lett. 69: 695.
Last, Y. (1996). Quantum dynamics and decompositions of singular continuous spectra. J. Funct. Anal. 142: 406.
Ketzmerick, R.; Kruse, K.; Kraut, T. and Geisel, T. (1997). What determines the spreading of a wave packet? Phys. Rev. Lett. 79: 1959.
Kiselev, A. and Last, Y. (2000). Solutions, spectrum, and dynamics for Schrödinger operators on infinite domains. Duke Math J. 102: 125.
Piechon, F. (1996). Anomalous Diffusion properties of wave packets on quasi-periodic chains. Phys. Rev. Lett. 76: 4372.
Guarneri, I. and Schulz-Baldes, H. (1999). Intermittent lower bound on quantum diffusion. Lett. Math. Phys. 49: 317.
Barbaroux, J.M.; Germinet, F. and Tcheremchantsev, S. (2001). Fractal Dimensions and the phenomenon of Intermittency in quantum dynamics. Duke Math J. 110: 161.
Phillips, P. and Wu, H.L. (1992). Localization and its absence: a new metallic state for conducting polymers. Science 252: 1805.
Jitomirskaya, S. and Schulz-Baldes, H. (2007). Upper bounds for wave-packet spreading for random Jacobi matrices. Comm. Math. Phys. 273: 601.
Simon, B. (1990). Absence of ballistic motion. Comm. Math. Phys. 134: 209.
Damanik, D. and Tcheremchantsev, S. (2007). Upper bounds in quantum dynamics. J.Amer.Math.Soc. 20: 799.
Fractals; Kicked Harper model
Michael Reed and Barry Simon, Methods of Modern Mathematical Physics (vol 1), Academic Press.
An introduction to the Hofstadter butterfly can be found at Hofstadter Butterfly, which is however not updated to the most recent exact results.
Sponsored by: Dima Shepelyansky, Laboratoire de Physique Théorique, CNRS, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse
Retrieved from "http://www.scholarpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Spectral_properties_of_quantum_diffusion&oldid=137228"
Quantum Chaos
"Spectral properties of quantum diffusion" by Italo Guarneri is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License. Permissions beyond the scope of this license are described in the Terms of Use


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Thank you to those who came along to the 1st Woolly Mamil winter crit at Stourport last week. If you are coming along to future rounds could we ask for your help on some housekeeping issues that will help keep our host at the Stourport Sport Club happy please.
There are likely to be a number hockey matches on this week so the car park and facilities will be busy so please.
Signing on will be in the 'annexe'. The separate building to the right of the clubhouse if you stand facing it. All the normal changing, café etc facilities are available it just gets a bit crowded when there are lots of other users around.
Please park considerately and use only one car parking space. We appreciate the overspill parking along the service road is not marked out but if you could be judicious in the amount of space you use, that would be helpful.
There are hard surfaced areas around the track, at the rear of the clubhouse and the around the annexe to put turbos and rollers on should you choose to warm up in this way. Please don't use an extra car parking space or block the fire exits around the building.
Please don't warm up by riding in the car park, service road or around the roundabout in front of the clubhouse. The consequences of a moments inattention from somebody reversing out of a space as a cyclist goes past at speed just don't bear thinking about. This is really important.
Thanks once again for your support and all the best for your efforts in future rounds.


text:
Student Dreams Up Award-Winning Ecosystem Classroom Program
By Bay Bulletin / October 18, 2019
Call it a slice of nature in the classroom. An environmental education program in Maryland and D.C. elementary schools puts a miniature ecosystem right in front of students' eyes.
Now here's the really impressive part: The popular program was created entirely by a middle schooler, who, now 17 years old, has grown it into a successful nonprofit.
Bill Tong, a high school senior, was in 8th grade when he established the Bioma Project to educate his peers about their local environment. Four years later, Tong has won the International Young Eco-Hero Award and the Tawes Youth Award. His project has carried the message of environmental conservation to 30 elementary schools.
The inspiration for the Bioma Project came to Tong after picking up garbage around his neighborhood only to see new garbage accumulate a week later.
He thought, "You can't have environmental solutions be permanent unless you change the way people think."
Tong decided that in order to make a meaningful impact he had to make others see the importance of environmental conservation.
Tong approached his teachers at Clarksville Middle School with a plan for an extracurricular program that would allow for his peers to learn about their local ecosystems by building and maintaining one of their own. The program quickly became one of the most popular extracurriculars offered and has since grown substantially.
The Bioma Project currently consists of Tong and his 20 or so teenage colleagues, who lead seminars at elementary schools across Maryland and Washington. At each seminar members from the organization build a miniature model in the classroom that simulates the local ecosystem. The miniature ecosystem, a tank filled with indigenous plants and animals, is then maintained by the elementary school students before it's emptied into a river or pond at the end of the school year. Tong and his colleagues have developed lesson plans where students are meant to observe changes in the ecosystem and react accordingly. The service is intended to teach children about the importance of interdependence and is provided entirely free of cost.
Sara Cox, a teacher at St. John's Lane Elementary School, where the Bioma Project has just been introduced, believes that it is helpful for children to see teenagers working to better their environment and positioning themselves as positive role models. She also believes the project is beneficial to students because it provides them with a more hands-on approach to learning.
Cox says, "Any opportunities that we can offer students that give them experiences are going to be beneficial."
At some point, the Bioma Project hopes to reach classrooms in other regions of the country, too. Anyone who would like to support the classroom ecosystems program can click here.
–CJ Hancock
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Anne Griswold Tyng (née le  - morte le ) est une architecte et professeur américaine. Elle a collaboré avec l'architecte Louis Kahn à Philadelphie. Elle est diplômée de Harvard, et docteur de l'Université de Pennsylvanie.

Biographie
Anne Tyng fait preuve d'un don pour les mathématiques et le design dès son jeune âge. Le Jouet Tyng ou Tyng Toy, un jeu de construction pour enfants, montre sa maîtrise formelle. Ce jouet permet à un petit nombre de pièces d'être assemblées et de former un grand nombre de jouets et de meubles, d'une chaise à un cheval à bascule.

Tyng est une théoricienne renommée pour son travail à la pointe de la recherche architecturale et pour sa passion pour les mathématiques. Sa thése, intitulée "Simultaneousness, Randomness and Order," combinent ses intérêts.
Elle est membre du American Institute of Architects, et siège à la National Academy of Design.

Collaboration avec Louis Kahn
Elle est connue pour sa collaboration avec Louis Kahn à son agence de Philadelphie. Elle enseigne à l'Université de Pennsylvanie pendant 27 ans, après 29 ans de collaboration avec Kahn.

Dans son travail avec Kahn, elle est souvent citée comme sa partenaire et muse. Par exemple, le concept de Kahn pour la "City Tower" est une idée originelle de Tyng.

Après une relation de 7 ans avec Kahn, Tyng part à l'automne 1953 pour Rome. Cette année, aussi année de naissance de leur fille Alexandra, Kahn lui écrit tous les jours. Cette relation est abordée dans le livre Louis Kahn sur le divan du psychanalyste.

Anne Tyng apparaît dans le documentaire de Nathaniel Kahn, My Architect, à propos de son travail et de son expérience avec Kahn. Elle retourne dans le bâtiment sur lequel ils collaborent pour la première fois, le Trenton Bath House.

Références

Sources

Liens externes (en anglais)

 Anne Tyng documents and sources
 Anne Tyng, "Number is Form and Form is Number". Interview by Robert Kirkbride, Nexus Network Journal, vol. 7 no. 1 (Spring 2005)
 IAWA Anne Tyng Inventory
 Philadelphia Architects and Buildings - Tyng, Anne Griswold

Architecte américain
Personnalité féminine américaine
Femme architecte
Naissance en juillet 1920
Décès en décembre 2011
Étudiante du Radcliffe College
Décès à 91 ans
Étudiant de l'université de Pennsylvanie
Naissance dans la province du Jiangxi
Décès à Greenbrae


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A UK, Canadian and Italian study has provided what researchers believe is the first observational evidence that our universe could be a vast and complex hologram.
Theoretical physicists and astrophysicists, investigating irregularities in the cosmic microwave background (the 'afterglow' of the Big Bang), have found there is substantial evidence supporting a holographic explanation of the universe—in fact, as much as there is for the traditional explanation of these irregularities using the theory of cosmic inflation.
The researchers, from the University of Southampton (UK), University of Waterloo (Canada), Perimeter Institute (Canada), INFN, Lecce (Italy) and the University of Salento (Italy), have published findings in the journal Physical Review Letters.
A holographic universe, an idea first suggested in the 1990s, is one where all the information that makes up our 3-D 'reality' (plus time) is contained in a 2-D surface on its boundaries.
Professor Kostas Skenderis of Mathematical Sciences at the University of Southampton explains: "Imagine that everything you see, feel and hear in three dimensions (and your perception of time) in fact emanates from a flat two-dimensional field. The idea is similar to that of ordinary holograms where a three-dimensional image is encoded in a two-dimensional surface, such as in the hologram on a credit card. However, this time, the entire universe is encoded."
Although not an example with holographic properties, it could be thought of as rather like watching a 3-D film in a cinema. We see the pictures as having height, width and crucially, depth—when in fact it all originates from a flat 2-D screen. The difference, in our 3-D universe, is that we can touch objects and the 'projection' is 'real' from our perspective.
In recent decades, advances in telescopes and sensing equipment have allowed scientists to detect a vast amount of data hidden in the 'white noise' or microwaves (partly responsible for the random black and white dots you see on an un-tuned TV) left over from the moment the universe was created. Using this information, the team were able to make complex comparisons between networks of features in the data and quantum field theory. They found that some of the simplest quantum field theories could explain nearly all cosmological observations of the early universe.
Professor Skenderis comments: "Holography is a huge leap forward in the way we think about the structure and creation of the universe. Einstein's theory of general relativity explains almost everything large scale in the universe very well, but starts to unravel when examining its origins and mechanisms at quantum level. Scientists have been working for decades to combine Einstein's theory of gravity and quantum theory. Some believe the concept of a holographic universe has the potential to reconcile the two. I hope our research takes us another step towards this."
The scientists now hope their study will open the door to further our understanding of the early universe and explain how space and time emerged.
Everything is encoded onto the surface of a black hole, and its negative energy density is the universes' dark energy.
A hologram is a recording of a light field - i.e. the 2D recording of a 3D pattern of light propagating through space, which is able to transform a second lightfield into a facsimile of the first. The hologram itself doesn't look like anything, it transforms other light into the appearance of the original recorded light.
So, if the universe is a hologram, what is illuminating it and where does the light go to be observed? The hologram doesn't necessarily need to record the image of another object - it can have any arbitrary pattern, but the greater trouble is - If we are the hologram, then how can we see ourselves?
Some Jayden Smith stuff right here!
If read the image and the paper RNP linked correctly (though I have to admit I didn't get very much out of the equations) then we are currently no longer in a holographic phase. It seems that only the early universe is holographic. Where 'early' is a rather ambiguous term since spacetime seems to be not so easily defined then.
can only detect (at least so far) in observations of the early Universe, i.e. the predictions of the holographic model converge with those of LambdaCDM at latter times.
If its a hologram then is it writing us or are we writing it? No of course i dont understand it.
Gosh darn it, this gives a fair amount of credence to the flat Earther's.
I still think our universe is the product of a 4-D star implosion though.
Very disappointing that the author mentions Einstein, but give no reference to the Holographic Theory creators, Gerard 't Hooft, Lárus Thorlacius and Leonard Susskind.
So, instead of light waves think energy waves and instead of a static hologram, imagine an underlying structure of the universe which, like a hologram, enables interference of these energy waves, which manifests as the universe we experience.
@Eikka According to "What It Means to Live in a Holographic Universe" by Brian Koberlein, the holographic universe idea often is misrpresented. It actually means that all the information contained in the 3D universe can be found on the cosmological horizon, and gravity is an emergent property of the information on the horizon. I think that's what he is saying.
@sirdumpalot That's how the holographic universe idea originated.
Doesn't need to be static. The point of a hologram is simply that its pattern interferes with incoming light so the reflected light replicates the lightfield of some object. The lightfield is the 3D pattern of waves given off by an object, rather than a 2D projection of just the direct rays from the object.
imagine an underlying structure of the universe which, like a hologram, enables interference of these energy waves, which manifests as the universe we experience.
Yes, but how? If we exist as the 2D surface, if that's "universe", then how are we experiencing the 3D lightfield that is given off by the hologram? How can the hologram "see" itself?
Suppose your retina was a hologram - shining a laser light onto it projects a 3D lightfield in space outwards from your eye for others to see. You yourself wouldn't see the picture.
It actually means that all the information contained in the 3D universe can be found on the cosmological horizon, and gravity is an emergent property of the information on the horizon. I think that's what he is saying.
If I understood the explaination correctly, it's simply saying that all information about the insides of a volume must pass through the surface of said volume, but that isn't the same thing as saying all the information is already on the surface, and only there.
What, so gravity and dark energy and higgs fields and whatever else there may be, dont count?
CMBR cannot come from some remote physical past which is NONEXISTENT.
Well, we suspect the universe started as a singularity, we also know it has a cosmic horizon. Sounds black hole-ish. We also suspect black holes contain information of any object that falls into it, is encoded in quantum fluctuations on the event horizon (is that even a physical thing??) So adding Holographic theory would suggest that our universe is an event horizon. But as others have wondered, WHAT is doing the projecting. Stealing from String Theory, we know gravity is always the odd one out when it comes to forces. String Theory suggests Gravity is so weak, because it leaks across multiple universes. So could gravity be the thing that does the "projection" of the quantum field on the event horizon? Perhaps dark matter is then projections of other universes (parallel) onto ours, but not on our event horizon.
All speculative. Thinking out of the box.
Oh, I think I'm gonna need help on this one so would appreciate some comments. I seem to be unable to separate what the article is about and that of the Holographic Principle as proposed by String Theory (t'Hooft, Susskind). The paper as given by RNP is not 'layman friendly' (isn't meant to be, I know) and therefore I need time to consult my reference books but it does seem to have a field(QFT)/string field 'feel'. Also, that the t'Hooft coupling along with Loop theories suggests to me, a layman, other than the standard model.
Or maybe the matrix had it right all along and this is just a simulation except we aren't being used as batteries because that is just stupid. But all the info could be in coded on 2D surfaces in the form of a computer.
"pops" I don't follow. Expanding? Explain how galaxies form. Can many occur if moving toward each other or do we see those as unique. So some can be moving toward each other.
Basing our assumption on the Big Bang and Hubble is insufficient. First we must define what we see. Travel, faster than light, is possible.
No this is not that.
"Pay no attention to that man behind the curtain!"
Is there no sense observing and learning in your world?
Careful not to take the laziest explanation!
It's not mystical-magic, it's science.
Of course the following theory will be that this two dimensional universe is actually a projection from a one dimensional reality. Also known as a black hole or singularity. Sort of like the remnants of the spontaneous decay of a massive black hole, like a big bang or something.
@big_hairy_jimbo Your comments seem reasonable to me (although that coming from a layman is a low ranking compliment, Ha!). Certainly as far as gravity is concerned it's always bound to be the 'odd one out' because perhaps of our 'defective' perception...is that a reasonable statement?...What I mean is that experiments in machines like LHC etc give our perception a kind of intuitive push about the quantum realm and even the general public are aware of the power of the quantum realm through the use of nuclear power stations and devastating explosions. Our perception of gravity is fed on the macro scale by obvious actions but can hardly be appreciated on the quantum level, at least that is so for the majority.
Unfortunately this also feeds those who raise philosophical issues (reality, for example). After all, perception is still part of ongoing research and debates about how our brain functions (conscious/subconscious, mind etc etc) so reality should be left to those in that field.
As the clock ticks what happens to the new info? Is it encoded onto the original 2d hologram around the edges? Or does it generate a new surface? In which case the present and past info forms a 3d hologram apparently.
As the clock ticks what happens to the new info? Is it encoded onto the original 2d hologram around the edges? Or does it generate a new surface?
I visualize it as adding length, width and depth to the 2d.
In which case the present and past info forms a 3d hologram apparently.
I call it a time "recycle".
@Whydening Gyre I note here that 'time' would then seem to have a fundamental or be a fundamental aspect here. I'm not suggesting it's possible, just thinking out loud as it were, but if time travel were possible then the information of the past must be retained. If lost then TT wouldn't be possible as there wouldn't be 'information' to form the past...??? Hmm, even that sounds a bit dubious to me as I suppose one might argue the time might retain 'imprints of information' by a 'predictable deterministic' process instead of chaos processes. If that were the case would it be that entropy was the major player? And how would that fit in or affect your time recycle?
If each 'surface' was the result of increase in overall entropy would that suggest expansion and/or acceleration was being 'fueled' by something else? I think I've just fallen into a 'dark something' (DE?) trap.
As I say, I'm not putting forward an opinion here just really juggling various ideas.
Remember also, that I am an artist (engineer with ADHD), NOT a scientist.
I'll come back on again with my first basic by tomorrow.
WG , solved any artistic problems? Is your work visible anywhere ?
Art doesn't have problems cuz it's the answer. It should be simple and functional. Like my stuff.
@Whydening Gyre thanks for the reply. And I am just a layman so you are more qualified than me.
That make it sound so noble and fancy...:-) More simply, it is a process of organizing, categorizing and structuring of "observations". You then start connecting dots.
I start by trying to keep myself open to as much observational input as i am capable of - even the most obtuse.
Then, I begin looking for simple similarities among a collection of differences. Patterns, for lack of better term.
BTW - how'd that AG research turn out?
There is no a single experimental data, universe is a hologram. All this is made up in human imagination. This idea is epistemologically dead.
A hologram requires a light source, we only see light when the spherical field oscillates, this cannot be simulated with a hologram without this source; so, the thought is circular. Illogical!
This only states lack of knowledge.
OK, here's a question, "Whats the difference between spherical fields and particles?"
We have proof of the spherical fields, but no attributes of what describes a particle, boundary conditions, color, density, ... Both are equally likely, however, no empiricism or physical evidence, nor a necessity. So necessary and sufficient conditions for particles have ever been demonstrated or implied logically. Note, we only see the wrinkles in the field; so, define the missing measurement. It's like trying to define the potential of a metal plane in space. Of course it has a potential; but how do you measure it? In other words, how do you measure distant charges that are stationary to you. Or instrumentation capabilities.
Your humility does you injustice - I've..
Then, .... can then be generated to reflect them..
Sorry for late reply...PC down...probably in some quantum holograph,Ha...Well, I think I can say the same about your response, humility wise. Like you I too try to keep my mind open and believe me some of my ideas would test you to your limit...but another time eh?
With regard to the article I'm having problems, 3D curvature that is.
I'm not kidding. The reflection overlaps that which it reflects - but sightly out of sync (dang time). Therefore, MAKING it 3d.
See what I mean by "slightly out of sync"?
Well, I think I can say the same about your response, humility wise.
@Whydening Gyre 'It's tuff realizing you are a reflection of yourself - inside a quasi-spherical reflecting entity..:-)' Now that just isn't fair...I can't read your mind so don't go reading mine, Ha! Sounds like one of the 3D matrices (boxlike) that I'm messing with. 'Mirror image' numbers too. However, I have to say that I haven't met the holographic version...yet.
Hyperfuzzy, I noticed my response — "that's what I said" — to what you posted was removed by a moderator. I was not being snide or sarcastic; I was agreeing with you. I didn't intend to come across as offensive.
It is imperative to keep an open mind and use only facts, but researchers in any field — from science to theology and everything in between and surrounding and inside and etc — must also be willing to try constantly to reinterpret all available facts. Otherwise, we would still be sleeping in caves and trying to kill each other with the thigh bone of an antelope (the part about the antelope is, if my memory is accurate — it isn't always — from "Ringworld", by Larry Niven; the part about sleeping in caves is me). Credit due, credit given.
@Whydening Gyre 'I think you DO meet in in every next moment...' what is the interval to the next moment holograph?
@Whydening Gyre 'I think you DO meet it in every next moment...' what is the interval to the next moment holograph?
Roughly, 2/3rd's of Planck time-ish...?
@Whydening Gyre, yes thought you'd say something like that but what I want to know that no matter how short the interval what is it that connects across that gap to get to next holograph. But even a holograph has some 'thickness' so are they really 2D?
@Whydening Gyre, yes thought you'd say something like that but what I want to know that no matter how short the interval what is it that connects across that gap to get to next holograph.
But even a holograph has some 'thickness' so are they really 2D?
You are correct. The 2d part comes at the "reflector".
Reflector is the inside boundary of a - wait for it - giant gravity well.
All the activity we see inside (us) is akin to brownian motion on a universal scale.
OK, I agree with you, a little, but expand the idea of imagination. Imagination is also what drives schizophrenics mad, it creates playtime for kids; however, imagination without logic is nonsense.
cont: By the way, I'm Black in a white world, with the world as mostly non-whites. Nothing offends me, except the never ending ignorance and the refusal to see that the Money Grubbers are a danger to our existence or the closed minds of Universities that teach theory as fact. Give a name to something unknown, or an almost accurate diagram and call this genius. Knowing that gravity is measurable but not where the field comes from; or calling Einstein a genius or Gluons hold the nucleus together. Deny that neutrons are an electron and proton combo. Or call field events "particles" , particle undefined or displayed, never noting that particles don't exist. Call a fast moving proton an anti-electron. etc, etc. imagination without logic.
Money grubbers have always been the bane of humankind's existence — I doubt that will ever change, although their influence goes up and down.
I'm offended when anyone uses another.
I taught at the university level for over two decades, and I never said something was a fact unless I could back it up; at least 90% of my colleagues did the same, regardless of their respective fields. I am disgusted with the other 10% (they don't like me, either, as I never shut up about them). I don't know what to do about them except point them out, and I've always done that.
It is not wrong to give a name to something; it is very wrong to ignore something if there's evidence something's there. Give it a name and study it. It could revolutionize the field, or it could be a wrong bit on a data disc, but give it a name and study it, because you won't know, otherwise. Einstein understood Newtonian physics, noticed something a bit off, and said "what if" — that's why he's a genius.
I agree that imagination without logic can produce nonsense (not always).
I must disagree that imagination is what "drives schizophrenics mad" — schizophrenia is a physical illness that affects the brain, causing delusions and hallucinations.
schizophrenia is a physical illness that affects the brain, causing delusions and hallucinations.
Correction. You're a Human stuck in an ever changing environment. Don't accept - Evolve.
Very well then, if we agree that it is kinetic/reflector based where does the 'change' come from as the next holograph will not be the same as the previous one. And what causes that 'change'. I'll have to look-up 'giant gravity well' as my 'mainstream mind' needs more input, Ha!...unless it refers to gravity emanating from a Brane?
Very well then, if we agree that it is kinetic/reflector based where does the 'change' come from as the next holograph will not be the same as the previous one.
from the all the "changing" photon input to the "reflector".
And what causes that 'change'.
Same as regular gravity wells.
Ha!...unless it refers to gravity emanating from a Brane?
No, gravity only emanates from mass. In our case, the cumulative mass/gravity of our Universe reaches a point (somewhere WAY out there) where - guess what - even light can't escape. Hell maybe eve GRAVITY can't escape it... It forms an "almost" impenetrable event horizon that reflects photons (maybe even gravity waves) back in.
@Whydening Gyre Must admit I hadn't thought of a 'gravity accumulation' but wouldn't that accumulation have to be at a single point to have such strength? Oh dear, back to 'living in a BH theory'. Ha, are you a crafty one...? There's an 'element' missing in your comments which I think runs the whole thing...but it isn't mainstream thinking...and I wonder if you are deliberately avoiding using it or identify as be 'change'. Oh well, nice chatting anyway.
@Whydening Gyre Must admit I hadn't thought of a 'gravity accumulation' but wouldn't that accumulation have to be at a single point to have such strength?
Oh dear, back to 'living in a BH theory'. Ha, are you a crafty one...?
Not a black hole, the next fractal level up. Doesn't have the exact arrangement of stuff as our level.
There's an 'element' missing in your comments which I think runs the whole thing...but it isn't mainstream thinking...and I wonder if you are deliberately avoiding using it or identify as be 'change'. Oh well, nice chatting anyway.
@Whydening Gyre, thanks but '...even way farther out...' isn't that idea 'non-mainstream'? Isn't our universe supposed to make it's own volume in which to expand, that is there isn't 'even way farther out' to observe from? But I do see the point, thanks.
Tell you whats missing...not a chance. But I will give a hint... just on the back of an envelope schoolboy stuff...just write a few a few equations from basic physics and I'm sure you'll see what I mean.
@Whydening Gyre, thanks but '...even way farther out...' isn't that idea 'non-mainstream'?
So what? If it uses mainstream constructs, it has validity.
Isn't our universe supposed to make it's own volume in which to expand, that is there isn't 'even way farther out' to observe from? But I do see the point, thanks.
Our REAL Universe is even bigger than our imaginations. I keep it simple by visualizing the one which we exist within.
Tell you whats missing...not a chance.
But I will give a hint... just on the back of an envelope schoolboy stuff...just write a few a few equations from basic physics and I'm sure you'll see what I mean.
Which ones would you be referring to? I don't do equations, I do visual constructs.
Loops occur, they're never exactly synchronous.
The real problem lies within our ability to adapt our frame of reference.
The energy of mass times C/2 takes on different outcomes if we measure mass in a differing specific volumetric "localities" . (reference frames).
IE - the mass (and volume) of an atom versus the mass (and volume) of a galaxy.
We miss the step of saying the mass of a specific volume.
Our Universe does not subtract, multiply or divide. It only ADD's.
I like to assemble, not dissect.
@Whydening Gyre Okay, I understand your comments.
'...they're never exactly synchronous...' Yep, synchronous or not would be one way of putting it...now use everyday common language to say that.
Ancient Egypt, an economy based upon Human Rights, had no currency. See Translation from ancient hieroglyphics in stone!
By the way, there existed a dichotomy of a person as mind, body, and spirit. These also had defined attributes, such as the spirit in conversation, or trade. Example: A negotiation leaves everyone smiling; best, "the more you serve the better."
E = MC^2 is bogus, not logical, not true, a measure of the imaginative quanta.
E = MC^2 derived from Planck and De Broglie, not from M = Mo/Sqrt(1-v^2/c^2), do the derivatives. It's insane! Plus the speed of light, original wavelength divided by the measured period, simple speed of the wavelet, which is a wrinkle in the spherical field of charge, and the spherical field is from the center to infinity updated at the speed of light relative to the center, this is charge and has no mass and is the source of Newton's gravity.
They do the photon mash? How bout a little input - where are you trying to direct this?
Hyperfuzzy, any response to you would require that we discuss (and, most likely, argue heatedly) over history, sociology, psychology, psychiatry, politics, linguistics, computation theory, information theory, and the mathematics of probability and statistics. I responded with my comment about schizophrenia for the sole reason that it seemed to me that you misunderstood the illness; most (not all) people do. Perhaps I was mistaken; if so, I apologize.
I now think that I should not have responded to your comment about schizophrenia, as conversations about these topics rarely end well.
I spent far too much of my youth fighting; I don't want to waste my old age the same way.
The concept I have been pondering over for the last few days is that we created the universe and life as we know it, and we created it for us.
That we are an energy life force, possibly the only form of life, and through a desire, we created our universe and human existence to live and experience many lives over thousands of years, as an eternal conscious life form, time would be meaningless and is as thought, just an illusion.
Elements of life and of what we believe and things we take as history are nothing more than a fabrication that we generated to give us a sense of truth, a belief in our perceived reality.
To me this makes plausible sense, it makes every thing fit ?
@Whydening Gyre 'directing...' You mentioned earlier about seeing my 'various posts'. Perhaps a look there would remind you.
Am reading an interesting article by Ione Parkin concerning Art meeting Science...interesting.
Science dissects. Art puts it back together, again, utilizing the input provided by that dissection.
My wife works with the impaired. She knows far more than I. I simply follow advances in genetics "switches".
Gleadd - way too over the top. We are merely the product of action/reaction.
HF - the barbarians did it right. Not a lot of thought and ethical interpretations - just action.
Pro-active, yes. But they knew their "pro"s and and didn't waste so much time equivocating. They were in the business of surviving and thriving.
Are we talking holographic Baboons here? Bit off topic isn't it?
OK, I'm not even going to try to justify barbarism. Survival is much easier with cooperation.
How would you look for a result like that? And how/why did they all die? In battle with another troop?Poisoned? Tired of incessant do this and don't do that, bored to death?
My question, same. The article gave some genetic specific illness. I didn't buy it. I conjectured that the study of removing aggressive males from a troop was the experiment.
Was there a quoted study to back up the article?
And now, can we please get back to the topic of "evidence for holographic universe(s)"?
Okay, first... no apologies necessary. You provided evidence.
Those Sapolsky-Share links were interesting in that they remove the "internet urban myth" tag. Actually, I found the tale to be ironically entertaining. I wonder if anyone is still researching the "Garbage Dump Troop" at this time.
I think it was a discussion upon the origins of logic, i.e. the point I was going to: logic without imagination; case 1. Logic with imagination, imagination without logic, ... No imagination without logic is always nonsense; for logic must be used to define a reference of measure, i.e. empiricism applied with logic based upon what is known and not upon what is imagined.
I think there's video. Somewhere.
It is, as yet, unknown whether information is encoded on the surfaces of black holes, but there is enough evidence to keep investigating that hypothesis. There is, however, overwhelming evidence that black holes exist. It is also true that overwhelming evidence is not certainty, but to convince me, and a whole lot of other people, that black holes do not exist will require more evidence that they don't exist than the amount of evidence that they do (if the evidence for both sides is the same, then it's time to look for other possible explanations).
Each form of matter-energy that we know about, unless it's confined to atomic nuclei, responds to gravity. Electromagnetic radiation, magnetism, electric charge -- each responds to gravity, because each is transmitted by photons, and photons respond to gravity; there is overwhelming evidence for this, as well.
All this overwhelming evidence can be found in physics books.
I made a mistake in my most recent post. I wrote, "if the evidence for both sides is the same, then it's time to look for other possible explanations". It is always time to look for other explanations, especially among theories that have been discarded.
Thank you, Lindsey — most sincerely.


I started up with this internship program when I realized that I have some free time before my university intake. I think these few months provide a good time for me to learn new skills. Due to the competitive world we live in now, it's important to learn some different skills to make ourselves stand out better.
I learnt about this internship from my friend. This internship is carried out by The Techy Hub and it lasts for 3 months. My internship is mainly about programming. We start everything from the basic, from simple coding language until the building of a complex website. Since the first few weeks, we learnt a lot of things from the video tutorials and the web-developing website. Besides, we know how to construct a simple webpage after learning for one to two weeks. I believe that programming skill is very essential especially to future engineering students. This is because engineers will definitely have to deal with programming during the production of items. Not only that, we will also have to help the company to complete the websites with sufficient information. I learnt to be more productive and resourceful, to solve problems even in a limited amount of time.
After finishing my STPM exams, I was left with a long break before furthering my studies in chemical engineering. I wanted to use my time wisely and productively, rather than just playing games at home all day. After my previous job, I yearned for something more than just keying in data. After months of searching, a friend of mine recommended this internship program, needless to say I jumped at the opportunity.
Now, I had no experience with coding whatsoever. However, the internship at The Techy Hub provided me with the perfect opportunity to jump onto the programming bandwagon. It's my second week in, and I'm learning more about the different programming language like HTML and JQuery every day. Initially, it was pretty challenging to pick up coding. After many trials and errors, I began to familiarise myself with the language. The techy experts are such great help too, always guiding us whenever we face difficulty. Occasionally even treating us to lunch!
Although I've only been an intern here for around 2 weeks, I've managed to learn so much and the learning curve just keeps increasing.
The internship programme provided me with the opportunity to learn and create, beginning with how to reskin an app and monetizing it. Over the past three months, I have reskinned an app from creating new characters to editing code. The end result is Mr. Techy, a single player game which involves the player avoiding obstacles in the way, including annoying bosses and spikes!
In the beginning, it took some time to decide on a game to work on. After a week of analyzing applications on multiple sites, we decided on Down (The original name of the app). Initially, I told Soon Seng it would be a piece-of-cake to reskin this app. Oh boy, was I wrong.
It turns out the app that we bought was run on Unity. The game was a 3D-Modelling based game which made things hard as I had no knowledge in 3D-Modelling. To overcome that obstacle, I headed online and learned everything through tutorials as well as experimented with my own 3D models. I eventually created a whole set of my very own customized 3D models.
Due to Trademark, we couldn't use the Star Wars theme for our game. Therefore, the Google PlayStore did not approve our game. Due to that issue, we had to come up with a whole new theme and create a new batch of characters. A whole months worth of planning and building had to be scrapped.
In the second attempt, I made new minimalistic characters, centering on the theme, "Mr.", which I interpreted as "easy and simple". Brainstorming for weeks made me realise that everyone wants things as simple as possible. Thus, I built models based on that idea! If you want to know what Mr. looks like, download the game! Upon finalizing the characters, I resolved other issues like background music and icons before finally posting the game.


A complex dynamic is at work in this relationship, with its equally strong forces of attraction and repulsion. The partners differ temperamentally, but share a need for extreme privacy and intimacy'' their relationship magnifies that need. Starching for beauty, they may look for it in each other or work together to find it in nature, an or humankind. They often overlook or forget their individual differences in this pursuit, accomplishing a fusion of extremely different personalities into a common whole. There is, of course, a danger here of a loss of individual try, hut these personalities are generally strong enough to survive within the relationship.
Love affairs between these two will be difficult and trying. Emotional complexity and a curious inability to move the passionate relationship forward will underline the difficulties that these two have communicating with each other. Sagittarius-Capricorns will rend to turn silent and hurt, expecting their lover to understand them, while Gemini-Cancers may prefer to keep things cool, trying to avoid misunderstandings and problems altogether.
Gemini-Cancer-Sagittarius-Capricorn work relationships, marriages and parent-child match ups have a great deal to offer co-workers, children and other family members in terms of varying and contrasting points. If view the children of such parents, for example, will have a genuine choice about which parent to approach with any problem, and will not expect a monolithic response. The relationship''s drive toward beauty and balance will usually exert a positive and harmonious influence on whatever group is a part of.
Keep your eye on the object. Don''t get bogged down in feelings. Emphasize constructive activities. Appreciate your differences.


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Shopify Inc. (SHOP) EPS growth this year is -80.80%: Get Prepared for Trading Lift Off
Shopify Inc. (NYSE: SHOP) open the trading on January 04, 2021, with a bit cautious approach as it glided -3.49% to $1092.40. During the day, the stock rose to $1,142.88 and sunk to $1,077.86 before settling in for the price of $1131.95 at the close. Taking a more long-term approach, SHOP posted a 52-week range of $305.30-$1285.19.
The Technology sector firm's twelve-monthly sales growth has been 71.90% for the last half of the decade. Meanwhile, its Annual Earning per share during the time was -29.80%. Nevertheless, stock's Earnings Per Share (EPS) this year is -80.80%. This publicly-traded company's shares outstanding now amounts to $120.51 million, simultaneously with a float of $109.58 million. The organization now has a market capitalization sitting at $136.83 billion. At the time of writing, stock's 50-day Moving Average stood at $1,045.46, while the 200-day Moving Average is $894.71.
It is quite necessary to find out the efficiency of the corporate organization, which has 5000 number of employees on its payroll. It has generated 315,635 per worker during the last fiscal year. Meanwhile, its income per employee was -24,968. The stock had 8.44 Receivables turnover and 0.55 Total Asset turnover. For the Profitability, stocks gross margin was +53.80, operating margin was -8.62 and Pretax Margin of -6.07.
Shopify Inc. (SHOP) Ownership Facts and Figures
Sometimes it helps to make our mind if we keep our tabs on how bigger investors are working with the stock of the Software – Application industry. Shopify Inc.'s current insider ownership accounts for 0.40%, in contrast to 67.20% institutional ownership.
Shopify Inc. (SHOP) Earnings and Revenue Records
So, what does the last quarter earnings report of the company that was made public on 9/29/2020 suggests? It has posted $1.13 earnings per share (EPS) beating the forecaster's viewpoint (set at $0.53) by $0.6. This company achieved a net margin of -7.91 while generating a return on equity of -4.89. Wall Street market experts anticipate that the next fiscal year will bring earnings of 0.57 per share during the current fiscal year.
Shopify Inc.'s EPS decrease for this current 12-month fiscal period is -80.80% and is forecasted to reach 3.59 in the upcoming year.
Shopify Inc. (NYSE: SHOP) Trading Performance Indicators
Let's observe the current performance indicators for Shopify Inc. (SHOP). It's Quick Ratio in the last reported quarter now stands at 17.90. The Stock has managed to achieve an average true range (ATR) of 51.71. Alongside those numbers, its PE Ratio stands at $696.68, and its Beta score is 1.61. Another valuable indicator worth pondering is a publicly-traded company's price to sales ratio for trailing twelve months, which is currently 55.69. Similarly, its price to free cash flow for trailing twelve months is now 744.88.
In the same vein, SHOP's Diluted EPS (Earnings per Share) trailing twelve months is recorded 1.57, a figure that is expected to reach 1.27 in the next quarter, and analysts are predicting that it will be 3.59 at the market close of one year from today.
Technical Analysis of Shopify Inc. (SHOP)
During the previous 9 days, stock's Stochastic %D was recorded 3.91% While, its Average True Range was 54.56.
Raw Stochastic average of Shopify Inc. (SHOP) in the period of the previous 100 days is set at 56.75%, which indicates a major rise in contrast to 21.64% during the last 2-weeks. If we go through the volatility metrics of the stock, In the past 14-days, Company's historic volatility was 63.30% that was higher than 58.46% volatility it exhibited in the past 100-days period.


Any sports person will know that to excel at any sport, the body needs to be in good physical shape, but the road to reaching the peak of physical fitness can be paved with injuries and setbacks.
There are many key factors in any training kit, and deep tissue massage should be one of them.
The muscles in the body are fibrous, extending and contracting so that we can move. However, there are times when these muscles become strained or torn, the result being not only pain but an inability to perform athletically.
Sports massage is one way of dealing with these muscles strains and sprains, but differs from other kinds of massage. Deep tissue massage uses slower, but deeper strokes with the elbow, thumb or knuckle used to apply greater pressure.
What does sports massage achieve?
The affected muscle groups needs to be relaxed, as well as waste products and toxins removed, two things that a sports massage offers. It also increases oxygen and blood flow into the area, aiding muscle repair.
Not all massages are given in the same way. Many people assume, for example, that every massage involves lying on a table, with the use of oils and so on.
It is possible, even in this case, for sports massage to be delivered whilst the recipient sits in a chair. A chair based sports massage is no less effective in dealing with common sporting injuries. It is also a great way for issue to be identified early too, and preventive action taken to prevent injury.
Being fit and healthy is about being in touch with how your body feels and reacts. Regular deep tissue massage, especially for athletes, is a great way of keep muscles in tip top condition. Emotionally, the mind is sharper when it is relaxed, with sports deep tissue massage often bringing the mind in to sharp focus.