Q. You are the last player who win Rafa Nadal. Do you think you can beat him again?
LUKAS ROSOL: Well, tennis, everything is possible. We are just the people. Nobody is a machine or something.
I believe that I can win against Rafa, against Roger, against anyone. Just tennis. You know, whoever win the last point is a winner.


text:
Home Internet Google steps up fight against fake news
Google steps up fight against fake news
Seems that Google has gone strict now. Recently, it has been heard that it would be launching the Google News Initiative, which is a journalism-focused program that would help publishers earn revenue and of course, combat fake news.
This initiative, as being declared by the company, would offer publications another monetization model online called Subscribe to Google, in addition to work with established universities and groups to combat misinformation. Along with this, it would be also introducing an open-source tool called Outline, which would make it easier for news organizations to set up and secure access to the internet for their journalists.
To this, Google senior vice president and chief business officer Philipp Schindler added that "A great search engine by its definition depends on access to the open web…. The last thing you want to see is a search engine that is not delivering quality internet and is quickly becoming a race to the bottom. If you're not successful, we're not successful".
More on this:
Google further added that it has been committing $300 million over the next three years to the project, though specifically did not elaborate on how the resources would be spent. In fact, the company said that it has paid $12.6 billion to news organizations and drove 10 billion clicks a month to their websites for free since last year.
Subscription to Google would now make it much easier for readers to pay for content from news organizations that have agreed to partner with the company. This would also allow people to pay and log in with Google account information. Google would be then taking a revenue share from subscriptions obtained through its program, though it did not elaborate on the percentages. The 17 names included in the list of launch partners are FT.com, The Washington Post, and McClatchy Company publications including the Miami Herald.
Google News Intiative
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Herewith a sample 600km route plotted on google maps. Don't get too worried about the finer details, as google only allows you to plot up to a certain number of points – so the map below is not meant to be 100% correct, but rather to give you an idea of the route and the various check points. This is essentially a circle route, starting at the Lido Hotel, and returning there after about 350kms. This is a great opportunity for a hot meal, a shower, some fresh kit and maybe an hours' sleep – whereafter the second 250km circle starts.
Return to Lido hotel. 600kms. Overview below. Click here to view a live google map.
GPS coordinates supplied by Johan Meyer. Zipped files for smaller downloads and better security. If you cannot extract the files, get this free app from rarlab.com. And if you don't have any Garmin or GPX ready software to open the files, use this free online tool to upload & open the route profiles – http://maplorer.com/view_gpx.html.


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Serious accident: In the case of serious accident or illness, an appropriate staff member will make every attempt to contact the child's parents immediately. Please ensure that recorded telephone numbers are correct.
If neither parent can be contacted, recorded emergency contacts will be used. In case of an emergency where staff are unable to adequately treat your child at the centre, you will be contacted immediately and an ambulance will be called.
All associated costs are to be met by parents.
Please note that staff are unable to transport children in their own vehicle.
Minor accident / injury
In the case of minor accidents or illness the following will occur:
An appropriately trained staff member will administer first aid and comfort the child
The staff member who witnessed the accident will immediately try to contact the parents regarding the accident
The staff member who witnessed the accident will complete the accident form for the parents to counter sign, and document the time and date that the parent was notified.
If required staff will be briefed as to how to greet the parent and informing them of the child's injury and treatment administered and obtain a parent's signature on the accident form.
When signing your child out please check for notes to inform you of the need to sign the accident.


Both Venus and Serena Williams were upset in their quarterfinal matches at the Beijing Olympics. Serena Williams lost her quarterfinal match at the Olympics to Elena Dementieva of Russia. Dementieva, who won a silver medal in Sydney in 2000, beat Williams 3-6, 6-4, 6-3 in their singles match Thursday night.
Williams now pins her medal hopes on doubles. She was to play a second-round doubles match later with sister Venus. They won gold in doubles in Sydney. The fourth-seeded Serena tried to rally from a 5-0 deficit in the final set against the No. 5-seeded Dementieva. Williams overcame two match points during an 18-point game to hold for 5-3. But Dementieva held at love in the next game, sealing the victory when Williams pushed a volley wide.
Venus Williams was another upset victim in Olympic tennis, losing to Li Na of China in the quarterfinals. Williams, who won gold medals in singles and doubles at the 2000 Games, was beaten 7-5, 7-5. She followed to the sideline her sister Serena and top-seeded Roger Federer, who both lost earlier Thursday. A wayward forehand plagued Williams, and she sent one long to lose serve and fall behind 6-5 in the second set. The reigning Wimbledon champion had three more forehand errors in the final game, and when Li hit a service winner on match point, the crowd responded with the biggest roar of the tournament. Williams remained in the doubles competition and was to play with her sister in the quarterfinals later Thursday.


The nation assembles at the foot of the mountain. For three days the people immerse themselves in the pure holiness, preparing for the greatest occurrence the world has ever known. On the sixth of the month, heaven lowers to earth and earth rises up to heaven. They kiss and reality is forever changed. The Torah is gifted to humanity, bridging matter and spirit. Afterwards, Moses returns to the top of the mountain to download the nuances of the divine blueprint in its entirety.
Sign: Twins (Gemini). Tribe: Zevulun. Faculty: Motion.


For reports and photos on what we have been doing, please visit the activity pages, where they will be available to download and view.
Access and Learning – including an education programme, improved access and a look out tower.
Training and Skills – including land management skills training, heritage skills and archaeological survey work.
Grampus is working with the LPS in carrying out the archaeological survey work programme, which was decided in the Development Phase to concentrate on the medieval period on the Solway Plain. The project builds upon previous community archaeology work carried by the West Cumbria Archaeological Society (WCAS) and Grampus Heritage at the Abbey.
The Cistercian monks established Holme Cultram Abbey in Abbeytown in 1150 and made a significant impact on the landscape by draining the marshes and making the landscape more financially viable. Following the Dissolution in 1538 Holme Cultram Abbey's nave survives in the parish as St Mary's Church.
Working with the LPS, Grampus aims to increase the understanding of the influence of the Cistercians on the Solway Plain landscape by researching the Abbey, industry, granges and chapels.
Throughout the project we are seeking to engage new volunteers in the process of archaeological investigation and excavation. Have you ever fancied picking up a trowel and joining a real archaeological dig? Would you like to receive training in archaeological survey techniques and to help carry out geophysical or landscape surveys? Do you have an interest in history and have time to help with researching the old documents and references relating to the monastery? We actively encourage new people to join us, so if you are interested in any aspect of the project then please do not hesitate to get in touch.
For more information on the Solway Wetlands Project, including other ways to get involved, please visit their website.


text:
Circuits and Systems > Vol.7 No.10, August 2016
Hybrid Relaying Protocol for Joint Power and Subcarrier Allocation for OFDM Based Cognitive Radio Networks ()
Muthusamy Bhuvaneswari1, Shama Srinivasa Rao Madane2
1Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Indra Ganesan College of Engineering, Trichy, India.
2Adhi Parasakthi College of Engineering, Kalavai, India.
DOI: 10.4236/cs.2016.710268 PDF HTML XML 1,313 Downloads 1,744 Views Citations
This paper aims to avoid the interference imposed by the secondary user on a primary user in Cognitive Radio Network (CRN). In CRN, the interference from secondary user enforced on primary user mainly depends on spectral interval between primary and secondary systems. Moreover, it also depends on the power allocated to the secondary user. In order to avoid interference imposed by secondary user on primary user, a Hybrid Relaying Protocol for Joint Power and Subcarrier Allocation for Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) based Cognitive Radio Networks is proposed. In hybrid relaying protocol, a secondary user uses amplify and forward (AF) protocol and decode and forward (DF) protocol based on the requirement to maximize network throughput. A greedy algorithm is proposed for the selection of relay to get the optimal solution. Moreover, an efficient hybrid power and subcarrier algorithm is used by considering interference constraint imposed by cognitive network to the primary user.
Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing, Interference, Relay, Power, Amplify and Forward, Decode and Forward, Greedy Algorithm
Bhuvaneswari, M. and Madane, S. (2016) Hybrid Relaying Protocol for Joint Power and Subcarrier Allocation for OFDM Based Cognitive Radio Networks. Circuits and Systems, 7, 3150-3161. doi: 10.4236/cs.2016.710268.
Received 14 March 2016; accepted 5 April 2016; published 23 August 2016
With the rapid development of wireless communications technology, radio spectrum resource is increasingly scarce. A Cognitive Radio Network (CRN) is composed of both the secondary users with CR-enabled radios and the primary users whose radios need not be CR-enabled [1] . For CR systems it was important to keep the interference to the Primary User (PU) band within a tolerable range. Since the joint subcarrier and power allocation problem was a non-convex integer problem and a closed form solution was difficult to find a suboptimal algorithm that separated subcarrier and power allocation. Thus a suboptimal subcarrier algorithm that could allocate subcarriers to CR users that not only increase the capacity, but also reduce the interference was introduced to the PU band.
The CRs are equipped in CRNs that can optimize the performance by adapting to network conditions. In this the radio can change its transmission parameters based on the perceived availability of the spectrum bands in its operating environment [2] . Applications of CRNs include intelligent transport systems, Public safety systems, Femtocells, Cooperative networks, Dynamic spectrum access, and Smart grid communications [3] . The power optimization problem in multiple input multiple output OFDM based CR systems is discussed [3] . An optimal power allocation scheme by capitalizing on the relationship between mutual information and minimum mean square error is derived. They have been planning to save transmit power compared to its conventional counterpart. Furthermore, the system achieves higher data rate compared to the Gaussian optimized power due to fewer number of subcarriers being null.
Sensing time and delay, Channel impairments, Wideband sensing, Energy efficiency, Interference, Spectral efficiency, Cooperation and Mobility are the issues of OFDM based CRN [4] . An energy-efficient resource allocation problem which maximizes the cognitive radio link capacity taking into account the availability of the subcarriers and the limits on total interference generated to the Pus is illustrated in [5] . They have considered it as an energy-aware capacity expression by taking into account another factor called subcarrier availability. Optimizing such an expression saves valuable resources such as battery life by selectively allocating power to underutilized subcarriers. Thus due to the complex structure of the optimal solution, three suboptimal schemes, namely, the step-ladder, nulling, and scaling schemes, are used.
Subcarrier power allocation (or power loading) is a common technique to improve the system performance of OFDM systems by optimally allocating transmits power to the different subcarriers [6] . If the channel state information is available at the transmitter, power loading can be used to either optimize error rate, transmission capacity, or transmit power [7] . The first goal is to achieve the maximum energy-efficiency. Unfortunately, the problem is non-convex. Thus we reformulate it into an equivalent convex one and illustrate the equivalent conditions using parametric programming. Second, the problem becomes even more complex because interference constraint must be considered to guarantee the reliable communication of primary users [8] [9] .
Bandwidth and power allocation with amplify and forward (AF) or decode and forward (DF) relaying protocol is discussed in [10] to 1) maximize the sum network throughput; 2) minimize the total transmit power of the CR network with considering the fairness of power drain of relay SUs; 3) maximize the energy efficiency of the CR network. They have mentioned the DF relaying protocol that could achieve better performance when the decoding rate constraint was not considered. In contrast, when considering the decoding rate constraint in DF relaying protocol, the hybrid relaying protocol combines AF and DF relaying protocols. A greedy algorithm is developed to solve the joint optimization problem, which has much less computational complexity.
A power and subcarrier allocation for cooperative CR networks in the presence of spectrum sensing errors is designed in [11] . They have derived the mutual interference of primary and secondary networks affecting each other by taking into account spectrum sensing errors. Then, taking into account the interference constraint is imposed by the cognitive network to the primary user and the power budget constraint of cognitive network that will maximize the achievable data rates of secondary users.
The problem of resources allocation in decode and forward (DF) relayed OFDM based cognitive system is discussed in [12] . The dual decomposition technique was adopted to obtain an asymptotically optimal subcarrier pairing, relay selection, and power allocation. The resources were optimized under the individual power constraints in source and relays so that the sum rate was maximized while the interference induced to the primary system was kept below a pre-specified interference temperature limit. Furthermore, a sub-optimal scheme was shown to avoid the high computational complexity of the optimal scheme. The suboptimal algorithm allocated jointly the different resources taking into account the channel qualities, the DF-relaying strategy, the interference induced to the primary system, and the individual power budgets.
The resource allocation problem in multiuser OFDM based CRNs is demonstrated in [8] . The interference to Pus was fully measured, as well as a set of proportional rate constraints to ensure fairness among SUs. Since it was extremely computationally complex to obtain the optimal solution because of integer constraints, they have adopted a two-step method to address the formulated problem. Thus a heuristic sub channel assignment was developed based on the normalized capacity of each OFDM sub channel by jointly considering channel gain and the interference to PUs. It was a rough proportional fairness that removed the intractable integer constraints.
The objective of this work is to analyze the effect of interference introduced by the primary user signal to the CR signal and then solve the problem of power and subcarrier allocation in OFDM-CRN. As an extension to [13] , we develop a hybrid relaying protocol for joint power and subcarrier allocation. A suboptimal low complexity power and subcarrier allocation algorithm is then proposed considering the interference constraint imposed by the cognitive network to the primary user.
2. Methods and Materials
As an extension to this work, we develop a hybrid relaying protocol for bandwidth and power allocation. A suboptimal low complexity power and subcarrier allocation algorithm is then proposed considering the interference constraint imposed by the cognitive network to the primary user. In hybrid relaying protocol [11] , a relay SU uses the AF relaying protocolonly if it cannot reliably decode the source data. Otherwise, a relay SU uses the DF relaying protocol. A greedy algorithm is used to select the relay. The effect of interference introduced by the primary user signal to the CR signal is analyzed in terms of the false alarm probability [10] . Then the joint power and subcarrier allocation problem is solved.
Figure 1 represents the proposed block diagram. In our proposed technique, a hybrid relaying protocol is used for efficient allocation of bandwidth and power in the sub-band of CR network. For this SU uses AF relay protocol, only in case it is unable to decode the source data, else it uses the DF relaying protocol. The selection of relay is done using greedy algorithm to achieve optimal solution. After that estimation of interference introduced by primary signal to CR signal. The power allocation is done in order to enhance the possible information rate for the CR network whereas maintaining the instantaneous interference generated to the primary below a pre-defined threshold.
2.1. Hybrid Relaying Protocol
Usually it is assumed that relay SU can execute the DF relaying protocol in case the data rate between source
Figure 1. Proposed hybrid relaying protocol.
SU and relay SU is greater than zero. In this case, the data rate between the source SU and relay SU is greater than to assure reliable decoding in relay SU. This decoding rate limit can make some poor quality of relaying link to acquire more resource. Hence, it will lead to wastage of resources.
This section describes about a hybrid relaying protocol to overcome the above mentioned issue, in which a relay SU make use of AF relaying protocol only in case it cannot reliably decode the source data, else SU uses the DF relaying protocol. Hence, the joint bandwidth and power allocation issue with hybrid relaying protocol can be formulated as below:
where is a binary vector which represents the transmission mode of the relay SUs. In case, , then it represents that relay SU uses the DF relaying protocol(resp. the AF relaying protocol). represents the minimum acceptable throughput for the kth relaying link. v denotes the relay SU's decoding rate constraint in case the relay SU adopts for DF relaying protocol. It is quite difficult to find the optimal solution for above framed problem. Hence, a greedy algorithm is used to find the optimal solution.
2.2. Greedy Algorithm
This section describes about the steps involved in the greedy algorithm [11] to obtain the optimal solution:
Algorithm: The objective is to find the optimal , , and .
Step 1: Initialize
J = 1
For jth iteration:
Step 2: if , then go to step 4.
for each relaying link do
Solve the optimization problem for specific v and obtain the sum throughput
if the optimization problem for specific v has no feasible solution,
then the throughput .
End for
Step 3: if , go to step 4
Go to step 2.
Step 4: is the optimal v. Finally, the optimal , and can be obtained through solving optimization problem for the optimal v.
In the initialization stage, it is assumed that all relay SUs selects AF transmission mode. In the above mentioned greedy algorithm, is represented as candidate set which includes the indices of relay SU that have not selected DF transmission mode and are qualified to select DF transmission mode at the jth iteration.
includes the indices of the relay SUs that have selected DF transmission mode after the jth iteration. represents the transmission mode of all relay SU after jth iteration. denotes the sum throughput attained on the specific transmission mode . denotes the index of the relay SU that selects DF transmission mode at the jth iteration.
The main aim of adopting greedy algorithm is as follows:
1) For each iteration, all relay SUs that have not selected DF transmission mode can be selected separately.
2) For each of the selected relay SU at this specific iteration, its AF transmission mode can be changed to DF transmission mode that forms a new specific v.
3) By solving the optimization problem for the v, the sum throughput is achieved.
4) Relay SU that provides largest sum throughput at this iteration transforms initial transmission mode to DF transmission mode.
5) This algorithm repeats the process for the remaining SUs that have not selected DF transmission mode till all relay SUs have selected DF transmission mode or sum throughput terminates increasing from one-iteration to the next.
2.3. Effect of Interference Caused by False Alarm Probability
This section first describes about the effect of interference caused by false alarm probability. Figure 2 represents the availability of total bandwidth primary bandwidth which is available to the CR network. In Figure 2 the total available bandwidth is divided into Z sub-band with a bandwidth equal to . Due to lack of perfect spectrum sensing, accurate information about presence of primary signal in each sub-band is not available and, hence CR user can transmit data through each sub-band. For this first we need to define the probability as:
where represents the false-alarm probability in the ith sub-band. represents the detection probability in the ith sub-band. Now, by considering Equation (1), the conditional probability can be derived and defined as below:
Figure 2. Availability of total primary bandwidth for an opportunistic access to cognitive radio networks.
2.4. Estimation of Interference Introduced by Primary's Signal to CR's Signal
In this section, we will estimate the interference produced by primary's signal to the CR's signal. The power density spectrum of the primary signal after N-point fast Fourier transform (FFT), can be presented by the estimated value of the periodogram as below:
where u represents the frequency normalized to the sampling frequency. denotes the power density spectrum of the primary goal. The interference generated by the mth primary sub-carrier to the ith CR sub-carrier which is allocated to the kth secondary user, represented as can be represented as below:
where , i.e., represents the distance in frequency between the ith CR subcarrier and the mth primary subcarrier. The main goal is to derive the interference introduced by the mth primary subcarrier to the ith CR subcarrier under the consideration that the spectrum sensing process is imperfect. In other words, it can be said that, the primary and the CR both can potentially broadcasts simultaneously over the same sub-carrier, which means, in case the spectrum sensing process make inaccurate decision, then there exists interference scenario where .
It is assumed that the spectrum sensing process has made its decision in favor of one of the two hypothesis (i.e., the primary is operation in ith sub-band) or (i.e., the primary operation in ith sub-band. However, based on the spectrum sensing decision , the interference level is different. The main goal of this part is to derive and differentiate these interference levels under an imperfect spectrum sensing.
If the decision of spectrum sensing block is , then the secondary network can broadcast data in the ith sub-band. Whereas, if the decision is , then the secondary network will not transmit any data in the ith sub-band. If the decision of spectrum sensing block is , then one of the following two cases occurs:
1) The primary is not present in the ith sub-band . Hence, both primary and secondary will transmit data simultaneously on this sub-band and the wrong decision of spectrum generates intense interference. Moreover, it is significant to consider the primary interference in other sub-band on the secondary in ith sub-band.
2) In second case, the primary is not present in ith sub-band . The spectrum sensing block takes the right decision and there exist only primary interference in other sub-band on the secondary in the ith sub-band.
Hence, the average total interference forced by the primary network on the kth secondary operating in ith sub-band under imperfect spectrum sensing, represented , writes:
where represents the interference caused by simultaneous transmission of the primary and kth secondary over the ith sub-carrier.
2.5. Hybrid Power and Subcarrier Allocation Technique
The main goal is to allocate power to each subcarrier of the OFDM based CR in order to enhance the possible information rate for the CR network whereas maintaining the instantaneous interference generated to the primary below a pre-defined threshold.
Consider, an ideal coding scheme which uses the Shannon Capacity formula, then the cognitive attainable data rate at the ith subcarrier which is assigned to the kth secondary, represented as for and ,
where represents total transmit power in the ith subcarrier which is assigned to the kth secondary, and denotes the additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) variance.
By considering the Equation (10), hybrid cognitive power allocation under imperfect spectrum sensing is expressed as the following optimization problem:
Subject to:
where V denotes the transmission capacity of the CR user, Fth represents the total tolerable interference at primary and O represents the maximum power constraint at the CR network. is basically a binary variable representing that subcarrier i is assigned to secondary user k or not, while each subcarrier can be assigned to only one secondary user. The optimization problem represented in eq. Sohail, A., et al (2013) for K = 1 is a standard convex problem that can be solved easily with the help of Lagrange multiplier method. The overall algorithm is given below:
1) //Hybrid Relaying protocol//,
2) If SU can decode the data source,
3) Then use AF relaying protocol,
4) Else, it use DF relaying protocol,
5) Use Greedy Algorithm for relay selection,
6) Compute the effect of interference caused by false alarm probability,
7) Estimate the interference introduced by primary's signal to CR's signal,
8) Allocate power to each sub-carrier of the OFDM.
The simulation results and discussion shown below gives the efficiency of our proposed work. The simulation is done using Matlab7.12 (R2011a). The parameters used for our work is shown in the Table 1 below.
Here for simulation purpose, the user specifies the allocated band for the primary user so if you see the output below we have 3 primary user (1, 2 and 5) rest are free band (3 and 4) from which the secondary users can occupy but in the spectrum sensing method of Periodogram. It has given the wrong decision. Spectrum is assigned to secondary user but the user 1 is using by the primary user by this the interference is created. Figure 3 shows the command window of the proposed system.
The primary user1, primary user2 and primary user5 are present as shown in Figure 4 and if the secondary
Table 1. Parameters used for our simulation.
Figure 3. Output window.
Figure 4. Power/frequency vs. frequency for primary user 1, primary user 2, and primary user 5.
user wants to transmit the data, then sensing of spectrum occurs in which it finds the primary user 1 is not using the band as wrong decision and that particular band is allocated to that secondary user as shown in Figure 5.
Figure 6 depicts the maximum transmitted data rate of CR user versus the average interference imposed to the primary user band in which the transmit power budget is fixed and set to 3 Watt. This figure shows that the proposed scheme leads to higher CR data rates for a given interference level imposed to the primary user band.
Figure 5. Power/frequency vs. frequency for primary user1as well as secondary user 1, primary user 2 and primary user 4.
Figure 6. Maximum achieved data rate of CR user versus the average interference imposed to the primary user band.
Figure 7 gives the power allocation by associate waterfilling approach. It is observed that power allocation by associate waterfilling approach is better than the power allocation by conventional waterfilling because the reduction of error rate is higher for associate waterfilling method.
In Figure 8 and Figure 9, we have introduced the plot for the proposed work power allocation by hybrid relay using greedy algorithm. In both the graph our proposed work outperforms well than the existing method the data rate is higher for the proposed work which gives 91.9 Mbps of data rate as well as in the error rate the reduction of error is higher for the power allocation (hybrid relay using greedy algorithm) the error rate is reduced up to 10−4.6 at 20 dB.
Figure 7. BER vs. SNR for power allocation methods by conventional and associate waterfilling.
Figure 8. Maximum achieved data rate of CR user vs. the average inference imposed to the primary user band.
Figure 9. BER Vs SNR for power allocation methods by conventional, associate and hybrid relay with greedy algorithm.
In this paper, we have proposed a Hybrid Relaying Protocol for Joint Power and Subcarrier Allocation for OFDM based Cognitive Radio Networks. In hybrid relaying protocol, a secondary user uses amplify and forward (AF) protocol and decode and amplify (DF) protocol based on the requirement. SU uses AF, only in case it is unable to reliably decode the source data and hence it does not exceed the decoding rate threshold. Hence, it uses the resource efficiently and maintains the quality of the relaying link. A greedy algorithm is proposed for the selection of relay to get the optimal solution. Moreover, an efficient hybrid power and subcarrier algorithm is used by considering interference constraint imposed by cognitive network to the primary user. Hence, we achieve to maintain the interference below the pre-defined threshold.
[1] Bansal, G., Hasan, Z., Hossain, M.J. and Bhargava, V.K. (2010) Subcarrier and Power Adaptation for Multiuser OFDM-Based Cognitive Radio Systems. IEEE National Conference on Communications, Chennai, 29-31 January 2010, 1-5.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ncc.2010.5430230
[2] Zhang, P., Yang, L.X. and Liu, X. (2010) Subcarrier and Power Allocation in OFDM-Based Cognitive Radio Systems. International Journal of Computer Network and Information Security, 2, 24-30.
http://dx.doi.org/10.5815/ijcnis.2010.01.04
[3] Sohail, A., Al-Imari, M., Xiao, P. and Evans, B.G. (2013) Optimal Power Allocation for MIMO-OFDM Based Cognitive Radio Systems with Arbitrary Input Distributions. Proceedings of IEEE 24th International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications, London, 8-11 September 2013, 1909-1913.
[4] Van Vinh, N. and Shouyi, Y. (2014) Power Allocation Algorithm in OFDM-Based Cognitive Radio Systems. 2014 International Conference on Computing, Management and Telecommunications, Da Nang, 27-29 April 2014, 13-18.
[5] Hasan, Z., Bansal, G., Hossain, E. and Bhargava, V.K. (2009) Energy-Efficient Power Allocation in OFDM-Based Cognitive Radio Systems: A Risk-Return Model. IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, 8, 6078-6088.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/twc.2009.12.090394
[6] Wang, S., Huang, F. and Wang, C. (2012) Adaptive Proportional Fairness Resource Allocation for OFDM-Based Cognitive Radio Networks. Wireless Network, 19, 273-284.
[7] Kang, X., Garg, H.K., Liang, Y.C. and Zhang, R. (2010) Optimal Power Allocation for OFDM-Based Cognitive Radio with New Primary Transmission Protection Criteria. IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, 9, 2066-2075.
[8] Wang, Y., Xu, W., Yang, K. and Lin, J. (2012) Optimal Energy-Efficient Power Allocation for OFDM-Based Cognitive Radio Networks. IEEE Communications Letters, 16, 1420-1423.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lcomm.2012.070512.120662
[9] Ekin, S., Abdallah, M.M., Qaraqe, K.A. and Serpedin, E. (2012) Random Subcarrier Allocation in OFDM-Based Cognitive Radio Networks. IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, 60, 4758-4774.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TSP.2012.2203126
[10] Yu, H., Tang, W. and Li, S. (2012) Bandwidth and Power Allocation for Cooperative Relay in Cognitive Radio Networks. EURASIP Journal on Advances in Signal Processing, 1, 1-10.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1687-6180-2012-224
[11] Fathi, H. and Sadough, S.M.S.S. (2013) Robust Power and Subcarrier Allocation for OFDM-Based Cognitive Radio Networks Considering Spectrum Sensing Uncertainties. Radio Engineering, 22, 810-817.
[12] Shaat, M. and Bader, F. (2011) Asymptotically Optimal Resource Allocation in OFDM-Based Cognitive Networks with Multiple Relays. IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, 11, 892-897.
[13] Bhuvaneswari, M. and Madane, S.S.R. (2015) Power Allocation for OFDM Based AF Cooperative Diversity Systems Using Water Filling Algorithm in CRN. International Journal of Applied Engineering Research, 10, 4627-4644.
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Review. clipping | 1p., 8 in. x 10 in. | Reproduced with permission of Martha Graham Resources, a division of The Martha Graham Center of Contemporary Dance, www.marthagraham.org. (Copyright Notice). Clipping (Form).
Martha Graham & Group, Jan. 20, Mansfield Theatre, New York . Dance, February, 1941. Pdf. https://www.loc.gov/item/ihas.200153289/.
(1941) Martha Graham & Group, Jan. 20, Mansfield Theatre, New York . Dance, February. [Pdf] Retrieved from the Library of Congress, https://www.loc.gov/item/ihas.200153289/.
Martha Graham & Group, Jan. 20, Mansfield Theatre, New York . Dance, February, 1941. Pdf. Retrieved from the Library of Congress, <www.loc.gov/item/ihas.200153289/>.
Throng Welcomes Martha Graham Review. clipping | 1p., 8 in. x 10in. | Reproduced with permission of Martha Graham Resources, a division of The Martha Graham Center of Contemporary Dance, www.marthagraham.org. (Copyright Notice). Clipping (Form).


text:
The Southern Star
West Cork Directory
Norwegian's Cork flights re-routed to Dublin until end of June
April 5th, 2019 2:26 PM
By Siobhan Cronin
The flights will now go from Dublin instead of Cork and passengers must make their own way to Dublin.
NORWEGIAN has said that passengers booked to fly out of Cork on flights to the US up until June 30th will now have to fly out of Dublin.
The airline had earlier made the changes to flights up until April 9th but revised this date to June 30th this week.
The problems with the Boeing 737 MAX – which was involved in two fatal flights in recent months – led to the changes in scheduling, as the airline operates that aircraft on many of its flights to the US.
Big plans for landmark shops on Skibbereen's Main Street
'We are extremely sorry that due to the mandatory grounding of the Boeing 737 MAX by the European aviation authorities, our flights to and from Cork and Shannon will continue to be re-routed via Dublin from 11 April until 30 June,' the airline said in a statement to The Southern Star.
And in a change to the original plan, passengers are no longer being offered the complimentary bus transfer between Cork and Dublin airports.
This has been replaced by an offer to refund passengers for their own travel arrangements, on production of receipts, but this applies to bus or rail travel only.
'While we ensure our customers can continue their travel plans with minimal disruption, we are actively working to restore normal operations at Cork and Shannon. Customers are advised to arrange bus or rail travel to Dublin and can claim for their expenses with proof of receipt. Alternatively, customers have also been given the chance to rebook or receive a refund free of charge and we would like to sincerely apologise again for the inconvenience caused,' it added.
Fears for future of Schull's big harbour development
Sean Óg right on target with 'Quirkey' coffee and fine cakes
No such thing as a 'good Brexit' for Ireland
'It's very disappointing but it's not surprising'
New campaign to help us keep active and well
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Discover the top 25 questions that someone asks himself/herself when is diagnosed with Methylmalonic acidemia.
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Today's StrongLife Success Story is about how personal training helped revolutionise Lisa's training.
Lisa Duignan (no relation) hails from Annaduff in the might county of Leitrim.
Now I've had one or two from that area come train here before.
And it's fair to say, they could be classed as a character.
But I had a feeling Lisa wouldn't be as much of a lunatic as the GAA lads from there.
So during the summer, Lisa got in touch.
She'd been training for a few years now but was feeling a little stuck.
She was struggling for confidence when it came to Squats and Deadlift technique.
And she wanted to build herself up to do chinups and pushups with good technique.
So today, I'm delighted to share Lisa's success story so far.
And now I'll let Lisa take it away and tell you about her time here.
What Training Were You Doing Previously?
I was doing weight training 3-4 days a week for the last few years and love it.
Before that I would have done a lot of classes but found I was doing a little bit of everything and didn't have enough routine to get better at any one skill.
What Made You Choose StrongLife Gym?
I was fairly confident in training and enjoyed what I was doing but had hit a plateau with some goals I was working towards.
I knew I needed a coach to push me and program my training differently.
Having looked into different gyms and coaches in the area but the approach at StrongLife was really flexible.
I could follow programming by Colm in my local gym and call into Boyle weekly, monthly, or whatever suited to keep an eye on how I was getting on.
As well as that, it's a very good environment to be in.
Everyone who walks in the door is positive, it's good craic, and you're never going to leave feeling worse than you went in.
Unless Colm's tried to convince you that other people love the assault bike (absolute lies!!).
How Has Training Under Colm Improved You?
It stopped me making excuses for the stuff I wasn't any good at before!
Also, I have a better understanding of the weeks and months of work that could go into improving a certain lift by just a couple of kg.
My core strength and mobility has improved massively and that has a big carryover into everyday life.
What Achievements Have You Had?
One of the main goals I had was to get past 100kg Deadlifts.
I wanted to start from scratch with strict push-ups and chin ups because I knew it's easy to do them badly compared to perfect form.
Mastering body weight exercises was important because I thought there's no point being able to lift a load of plates off the ground if I can't lift my own body.
It's very slow progress but just as satisfying when it takes weeks of graft to improve something by one rep – you appreciate it more when you have put the work in.
100%, strength training is so beneficial for the majority of people.
It doesn't matter what age you are or what your starting point is.
Everything you do is relative to your own bodyweight so you can build on it over months and years and never stop learning.
If you have never walked into a gym before, Stronglife is a safe and enjoyable environment to learn the basics.
Or if you're more advanced and are looking for more challenges and coaching support you'll get that too.
No matter what kind of day you've had at work, college, etc, you can walk in the door and have an hour where you zone out and completely focus on something else.
So now that you've heard from Lisa, I'm going to add a bit more.
Lisa has been a bit modest in regards to her lifting.
For me, she's been such an easy client.
She signed up to my Hybrid Coaching plan – she trains 3 days on her own and comes to Boyle once a week for a PT session.
So to do 3 sessions on her own means she needs to be self motivated and trust the plan.
Not once has she ever questioned anything, she just sticks on her gym gear, grabs the bar and gets lifting.
Week in, week out, no matter if she's having a good or bad day, she gets her training done.
Because it means something to her and she sees the benefits it has in her life.
She's never tried to give me any excuses as to why she can't train (except one day when she got her hair done!).
Having a hectic work life with lots of driving along with becoming a new parent to a cute puppy named Charlie means she has to juggle her days a little to try and fit all in.
Not only that, but with life comes stress and challenges, yet she meets them all head on.
Lisa also has a great understanding of lifting too, so our conversations are always interesting too!
She's very enthusiastic and genuinely loves lifting, so it's so easy for me to coach her.
And to keep seeing her getting results is amazing.
Our most recent assessments has her Squatting over 70kg, Benching 42.5kg and she took a nice 102.5kg Deadlift too!
But besides those, the most impressive aspect for Lisa is Chinups.
She really wanted to be able to do chinups without any assistance.
And if anyone reading this is familiar with doing them, then you'll know how much work it takes to get them.
But now Lisa grabs a chinup bar and knocks out sets of 2-3 reps.
She's getting stronger every single month and is developing lots of power.
And this has carried over to her pushups too.
She's dead right in saying you should be able to lift your own body, not just a bar.
So to see her now smashing out 10 reps of pushups with her chest touching the floor is fantastic progress.
Dare I say it, but I think the key to her success is a certain level of sheer stubbornness.
Which appears to be common among the ladies in here!
And with Lisa due to get married in 2019, she's in super shape and get stronger by the week.
It'd be fair to say, if she told you be home from the pub by 11pm, you'd be home by 10.30pm.
2018 has finished strong and 2019 will only get better!


text:
Q: android getActionBar() returns null Hello I am working on an android App. I am trying to create activity with tabs that swap. I am working with following tutorial http://www.androidhive.info/2013/10/android-tab-layout-with-swipeable-views-1/
The problem is that in Main Activity it shows Null pointer exception at
 actionBar = getActionBar();
        actionBar.setDisplayShowTitleEnabled(false);

Does anyone knows why happens this?
My code:
getWindow().requestFeature(Window.FEATURE_ACTION_BAR);
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

        // Initilization
        actionBar = getActionBar();
        actionBar.setDisplayShowTitleEnabled(false);
        actionBar.setDisplayShowCustomEnabled(true);

        viewPager = (ViewPager) findViewById(R.id.pager);

        mAdapter = new TabsPagerAdapter(getSupportFragmentManager());

        viewPager.setAdapter(mAdapter);
        actionBar.setHomeButtonEnabled(false);
        actionBar.setNavigationMode(ActionBar.NAVIGATION_MODE_TABS);

        // Adding Tabs
        for (String tab_name : tabs) {
            actionBar.addTab(actionBar.newTab().setText(tab_name)
                    .setTabListener(this));
        }

A: Instead of
actionBar = getActionBar();

Use
actionBar = getSupportActionBar();

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Riverina, predominantly rural region, south-central New South Wales, Australia. Occupying 26,509 square miles (68,658 square km), it is bounded on the north and northwest by the Lachlan and Murrumbidgee rivers, on the south by the Murray River, and on the east by an imaginary line connecting the towns of Condobolin, Junee, and Albury. Most of the Riverina comprises level alluvial plains laced with meandering streams that flood periodically. Only in the east does the terrain become hilly. The soils are generally fertile and the climate mild. Average annual rainfall varies from 12 inches (300 mm) in the northwest to 25 inches (635 mm) in the southeast.
Evidence of Aboriginal occupation of the area more than 30,000 years ago has been found. Early exploration of the district was undertaken by John Oxley in 1817 and Thomas Mitchell in 1836. Pastoralists, attracted by the abundant natural fodder, began to enter the area in the 1830s; since then, improvements in farming methods and conditions have led to great increases in agricultural productivity.
Along the southeastern slopes, with their lower temperatures and more reliable rain, arable farming is dominant, including fruit growing and dairying. Farther west, mixed wheat-sheep farms are characteristic. The great wealth of the Riverina, however, lies in its irrigated land, most of which borders the Murray and Murrumbidgee, farming being more intensive along the latter. Production is either horticultural (citrus and stone fruit, wine grapes, vegetables) or mixed (rice, wheat, oats, meat, wool). Irrigation water is supplied by the Burrinjuck and Berembed reservoirs on the Murrumbidgee and Hume Reservoir on the Murray, supplemented since 1949 by the Snowy Mountains Scheme. Industry is restricted to processing local products and includes wineries, canneries, and fruit-packing plants. Some tin and gypsum is mined, as well as negligible amounts of gold and subbituminous coal.
The major Riverina towns are Albury, Wagga Wagga, Leeton, Griffith, Junee, Narrandera, Deniliquin, Hay, and Condobolin. The region is well served by highways (Sturt, Mid Western, Newell, Cobb, Riverina) and railroads (the Sydney-Melbourne line crosses the southeastern corner with branch lines running north to Hillston and west to Hay).


The latest music video from long-running, Trent Reznor-led group Nine Inch Nails is out, and it's set within an obscure video game.
The woman above is the star of the music video for "Less Than," staring endlessly into an old standard-definition television while playing a modern, retro-style game named "Polybius." The game, a modern take on retro games like "Tempest," is available currently on the PlayStation 4.
While the game intentionally looks retro, it's twisted into something more specific for this intense music video.
Hilariously, the real version of "Polybius" is intended for play in the PlayStation VR headset that works with the PlayStation 4. While the game is retro in style, the way you play it is as futuristic as it gets.


text:
Q: Multiset without Compare? I want to use multiset to count some custom defined keys. The keys are not comparable numerically, comparing two keys does not mean anything, but their equality can be checked.
I see that multiset template wants a Compare to order the multiset. The order is not important to me, only the counts are important. If I omit Compare completely what happens? Does multiset work without any problems for my custom keys? If I cannot use std::multiset what are my alternatives?

A: If you can only compare keys for equality then you cannot use std::multiset. For associative containers your key type must have a strict weak ordering imposed by a comparison operation.
The strict weak ordering doesn't necessarily have to be numerical.
[For use in an associative container, you don't actually need an equality comparison. Key equivalence is determined by !compare(a, b) && !compare(b, a).]
If you really can't define an ordering for your keys then your only option is to use an sequence container of key-value pairs and use an linear search for lookup. Needless to say this will be less efficient for set like operations than a multiset so you should probably try hard to create an ordering if at all possible.

A: If you omit the Compare completely, it will get the default value, which is less (which gives the result of the < operator applied to your key) - which may or may not even compile for your key.
The reason for having an ordering is that it allows the implementation to look up elements more quickly by their key (when inserting, deleting etc), To understand why, imagine looking words up in a dictionary. Traditional dictionaries use alphabetical order, which makes words easy to look up. If you were preparing a dictionary for a language that isn't easily ordered  - say a pictographic language - then either it would be very hard to find words in it at all (you'd have to search the whole dictionary), or you'd try to find a logical way to order them (e.g. by putting all the pictures that can be drawn with one pen stroke first, then two lines, etc...) - because even if this order was completely arbitrary, it would make finding entries in the dictionary far more efficient.
Similarly, even if your keys don't need to be ordered for your own purposes, and don't have any natural order, you can usually define an ordering that is good enough to address these concerns. The ordering must be transitive (if a<b and b<c then a<c), and strict (never return true for a<a), asymmetric (a<b and b>a never both true). Ideally it should order all elements (if a & b are different then either a<b or b<a), though you can get away with that not being true (ie a strict weak ordering) - though that's rather technical.
Indeed, perhaps the most obvious use for it is the rare case where it is completely impossible to order the items - in which case you can supply a comparison operator which always returns false. This will very likely result in poor performance, but will at least function correctly.

A: You cannot use std::multiset if you don't have a strict weak ordering. Your options are:

*

*Impose a strict-weak ordering on your data. If your key is a "linear" data structure, it is usually a good idea to compare it lexicographically.

*Use an unordered container equivalent, e.g., boost::unordered_multiset. For that, you will need to make your custom data-type hash-able, which is often-times easier than imposing some kind of order.

A: So you have two important criteria which you listed.

*

*You don't care about order

*comparison of keys do not mean anything

and one assumed,

*

*the fact that you are using multiset implies that there are many instances

So, why not use std::vector or std::deque or std::list? then you can take advantage of the various algorithms that can use the equality check (such as count_if etc.)


If you ask a renewable energy expert what is one of the biggest hurdles facing the proliferation of solar and wind, chances are you'll hear energy storage. Storing energy requires a massive infrastructure investment, whether it be in batteries or other mechanisms. However, for the most optimum approach, all methods should be combined to create a Distributed Energy Storage solution. This way the maximum amount of energy can be stored for later use.


You hardly hear the word 'oil' unattached to the word 'crisis'. But for whom is it a crisis? To the oil-exporting countries, 'oil opportunity' or even 'oil justice' may appear more appropriate descriptions.
A Western world accustomed to profiting hugely from a surplus of cheap 'foreign' oil may feel outraged when the price goes up. Its economies may be badly rattled. But why, asks Professor Odell, should the ruler of Saudi Arabia feel persuaded that it is his duty to save the civilization of the Christian world after "300 years in which the West had kept its interests very much to itself"? The crucial shift in oil power, from the West to the OPEC states, took place in the early '70's. A detailed examination of the background to this shift occupies the larger part of the book.
According to Odell, the seven major oil companies - six and a half of them American or British - had the oil-trading system cosily sewn up in the first half of the century. High profits were ensured by this unofficial cartel and supply presented no problem: the US was herself the world's largest oil producer, and she had enough political and military muscle to get Third World oil on her own terms. The USSR, the second largest oil producer, kept her oil to herself. So the 'Seven Sisters' were sitting pretty.
But after the Second World War life wasn't so comfortable. Their spectacular success (in Kuwait they could 'hardly put a drill in the wrong place') had brought its own hazards. Possibly the oil companies' soaring assets hastened the Third World oil producers' awareness that 'oil exploration' had become 'oil exploitation'; that oil concession rights which 'virtually gave the US oil companies sovereignty over the territories concerned' were the weapons of a new imperialism.. Success also spawned more oil companies, the 'independents', who wanted to be in on the oil bonanza.
As oil began to flood the markets in the fifties, the US slapped on import quotas to protect her domestic oil industry. But the 'Fortress America' policy had the adverse effect of adding to the world surplus. Western Europe and Japan grabbed at the cheap oil, switching their principal energy source from coal to oil. Even the USSR started to trade oil, offering it to consumers like India and Cuba at a rate below the artificially preserved price of US oil, forcing the USA to choose between economic and political advantage.
The oil companies, fearing for their profits, made use of the glut to play one producing country against another, 'punishing' governments with nationalistic oil policies. And they dropped the price of crude oil, unilaterally reducing host government revenues.
This was going too far. The shock forced the host countries into realising that as long as they were divided, the oil companies would rule. Collectively, though, they could play the companies at their own game. In 1959, OPEC was born, out of surplus and price weakness.
At first the USA welcomed OPEC. Price hardening was to her advantage. What no-one was prepared for was the traumatic quadrupling of the oil price between October and December 1973 which set the now familiar cry "Oil crisis!" echoing across the airwaves. OPEC was no longer a reactive quasi-trade union, but master, with absolute control over supply and price. Odell clarifies the vital relation between oil power and the Arab-Israeli conflict, showing how the Arabs had changed their use of oil as a weapon.
Whereas in the Suez Crisis Arabs had stopped oil getting through to Israelisympathisers, now they allowed most of it through - but extracted a heavy price. These massive oil revenues would benefit them far more profoundly. Even if the oil runs out, in twenty years, or thirty, the investment of hundreds of billions of dollars should bring security. 'Diversification' is the name of the new game. It has clearly been an effective policy. The West has been hit where it really hurts - in its pocket. The US has rushed to make peace in the Middle East with a new show of deference to the Arab world, despite the Jewish lobby.
But could oil consumers not retaliate? Odell points out the West's overcommitment during the years of surplus, and the Third World's powerlessness. Nepal only uses 20 Ibs of coal-equivalent per person, against the US's 20,000 lbs. Who would care but Nepal herself if she withdrew her custom?
In two absorbing final chapters, Odell sketches in the present role of oil in international politics and speculates on its future. He ranges widely, taking in the influence of oil sanctions in Rhodesia, pursuing South African interests in Australia and Argentina, asking if China will lay full claim to the East Asian continental shelf. And he maps out vast areas of untapped oil potential which would surely alter the balance of oil power if they were to be developed.
This article is from the October 1979 issue of New Internationalist.


text:
What You Need to Know About Agra, Host of the Taj Mahal
Founded on both banks of the Yamuna River in the state of Uttar Pradesh in northern India, the city of Agra was also the capital of the Mughal Empire that reigned in the 1500s.
Known for hosting Mughal art masterpieces, especially the Taj Mahal, the city was the leading culture and arts center of the region during the time of Akbar Shah.
80% population of Agra, which is still an important center today, consists of Hindus, and the rest are Muslims.
One of India's most popular touristicdestinations, Agra is visited by many travelers from all over the world.
Rich traditional crafts with a deep history continue to exist today.
The most famous of them is the inlay craftsmanship on marble and the work of parchin kari, whose value began to be known especially after the Taj Mahal.
The art, which is based on creating herbal shapes from small precious stones, has been passed down from generation to generation for 350 years.
Zardozi work, an embroidery made with gold and silver threads, is among the other eye-catching crafts that are characteristic of the city of Agra, such as Abhala Bharat, where mirrors of various shapes are fixed to the fabric by cross-stitching and beautiful leather products.
With regards to the must-see places in Agra, which carries the traces of a deep-rooted past and is experiencing its golden age today, the following destinations are important:
The Taj Mahal, which means "Crown of the Palace" in Persian and considered the most beautiful building a person can build, is a jewel of Muslim art and is included in the UNESCO World Heritage List as one of the universal masterpieces of the world heritage.
Built as a symbol of the great love that Babur Shah Jahan has for his wife, this building is a breathtaking structure completed in twenty-two years with twenty thousand workers and definitely deserves to be one of the seven wonders of the world.
Agra Fort was built by Mughal Emperor Akbar as a tribute to the splendor of the empire. Considered a masterpiece in terms of planning and design, Agra Castle manages not to be overshadowed by the Taj Mahal with its magnificent appearance.
Another structure built by Shah Jahan to his wife is the Musamman Burj Tower, which has a unique view from which the panoramic view of the famous Taj Mahal can be watched.
The Tomb of Sri Shiv Dayal Singh Seth, where the tomb of Huzur Soamiji Maharaj, the founder of the Radhaswami faith is located, is visited by thousands of believers every year.
Fatehpur Sikri, a municipality where traditional red sandstone mosques and palaces can be seen, is one of the places of historical importance for India.
Mehtab Bagh, known as the last of the 11 pleasure gardens built on the banks of the Yamuna River during the Mughal empire, is important in terms of being an excavation site that spreads over 300 square meters and hosts a very beautiful view.
In the walls of the Tomb of I'timād-ud-Daulah, a shrine built of white marble, precious stones such as topaz and onyx were used. The tomb rises in the middle of a rather large and showy garden with a waterway around it.
Sadar Bazar, where you can buy India's famous examples of leather craftsmanship and taste street delicacies from the region's cuisine, is an extremely local place besides being a tourist market. Sadar Bazar, where grocery and market shopping are held, is also one of the first addresses of gift hand products.


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Q: How do I get the caller SID in kernel mode hook? (windows) I'm developing a driver that hooks some functions in windows (hardening driver that will block some actions). The problem is, that I want to log which was the user who attempted to run those actions.
For example, I've put an hook on ZwSetValueKey in order to filter registry writing.
The hook works perfectly, But I don't know how to get the caller SID. I've found out that I can determine whether the mode of the caller(i.e. user mode or kernel mode) using ExGetPreviousMode. But I'm not really sure how to determine the SID if the caller was in user mode.
Thanks.

A: If this were user mode, you'd start with GetCurrentProcess or GetCurrentThread, and then call GetProcessToken or GetThreadToken. This would get you an access token, from which the SID can be extracted directly. In kernel model, there's PsGetCurrentProcess and ZwOpenProcessTokenEx, and the like for threads.
Here's the equivalent question for user space: How to get Calling-Process Windows User Access Token.
I haven't tested this, but I hope it gets you started.

A: VOID SeCaptureSubjectContext(Out PSECURITY_SUBJECT_CONTEXT) is probably the kernel-mode API you're looking for, at least if you have ntifs.h available.


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A Zero-Emissions Airliner Is Possible by the Early 2030s—If This Happens
Airbus is on board, but there are big hurdles to clear.
By Caroline Delbert
NurPhotoGetty Images
Airbus's vice president for zero emissions says a hydrogen airliner could fly by the early 2030s.
History isn't kind to those who rush passenger hydrogen technology.
Most hydrogen used today comes from fossil fuels, making it a dubious choice to "replace" them.
Could airlines have a zero-emissions airliner by the early 2030s? Totally, they say. As long as everyone involved acts very quickly and gets completely on board with hydrogen technology, that is.
Glenn Llewellyn, the vice president of zero-emissions technology for Airbus, told a panel this week that the aeronautics manufacturer is fully in on hydrogen flight. It's the quickest path, he believes, to turning passenger flight into zero-emissions passenger flight.
✈ Unlimited Pop Mech. Get best-in-class tech and transportation stories, stat.
To do that, he recommends a schema that makes sense: pull up a lot of automotive hydrogen technology that's either already fully formed or in the works, and pull down a lot of space hydrogen launch technology, like what already powers the Vulcain 2 liquid fuel engine. The Vulcain lifts the Airbus-designed Ariane launcher into space for the European Space Agency (ESA).
The European Union has recently released a hydrogen strategy to go with its "EU Green Deal" series of plans. Indeed, hydrogen is broadly hyped as the great green hope that can fill a stopgap for a lot of heavier industries where wind and solar aren't suitable yet. But critics have pointed out some big logistical problems with that idea. Problem #1: Where will all this hydrogen come from?
When Will America Invest in Hydrogen Trains?
Here's How Hydrogen Engines Actually Work
How to Power a Steel Blast Furnace Using Hydrogen
Separating usable hydrogen is very costly, and the most cost efficient way today uses, you guessed it, fossil fuels. Hydrogen itself is a clean energy, but making the hydrogen isn't—at least not yet. The fossil fuel industry can push hydrogen as its heir apparent and seem virtuous and in touch, but the truth is it will continue to control the supply of fossil fuel-processed hydrogen for at least a while.
"One of the most promising technologies to allow us to do that is hydrogen. Why hydrogen? Mainly because we believe we need to position the aviation industry to be powered by renewable energy and hydrogen is a very good surrogate," Llewelyn said in the panel. He emphasized that ramping up development and manufacturing of any hydrogen airliner must also come with an investment in hydrogen supply infrastructure to airports.
And, again, that's where the links to the fossil fuel industry become relevant. Describing hydrogen as the surrogate—a word suggesting an analog and one-to-one swap—suggests it's both more ready and more appropriate than it may be in reality.
In addition, as Llewelyn suggests, the only way hydrogen will be ready for passenger flight by the "early 2030s" is by getting a big head start from both automotive and space-travel technology.
Questions Remain About the Hindenburg Disaster
The idea of an airliner powered by hydrogen already conjures images of the Hindenburg. Yes, liquid hydrogen is used in spaceflight, but those are the most advanced craft in the world and launched in conditions kept as isolated and pristine as is humanly possible—not refueling in a hurry during a layover at O'Hare. A working hydrogen airliner within 15 years may be a reality, but it may also be flame-broiled pie in the sky.
Crocodiles Haven't Aged in 200 Million Years
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World's First Air-Powered Car: Zero Emissions by Next Summer
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Ian Baxter is a former Linklaters finance lawyer who left to became Managing Director and co-owner of RH Freight, which he built up and ran successfully from 1995 until its sale in 2011 to Kuehne & Nagel, for more than £60m.
Following the sale, Ian spent some time away from business, travelling with his wife and children, before deciding to return to the industry to form Baxter Freight in January 2014.
Baxter Freight is one of the UK's fastest growing logistics businesses, bringing a fresh approach to the industry. Every customer has their own account manager who provides a single point of contact for all their logistics needs.
Baxter Freight offers solutions for international, European and domestic freight by road, sea, air or rail, from full loads to single pallets, cartons or packages, from standard to express.
As a non-asset based company, they work with the best companies from across the market place rather than trying to shoe-horn customers into using their own products. This means they have capacity available even when times are busy and can match the customer's exact requirements to the right service and cost option for them.
Baxter Freight now employs 70 staff and expects to handle 40,000 freight shipments next year.


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Jason DeGeorge
About my music!
I have always been fascinated with instrumental music. If someone writes an amazing set of lyrics to a song and a great melody, the listener knows what the writer is trying to express emotionally as well as literally. This takes incredible talent in it's own right. But how does a composer express meaning and emotion without words? Expressing happiness, sadness, love etc? It has been my life's work to learn how to compose music in this fashion. In the guitar world, so much weight has been put on technique and virtuosity. While hearing a player with extremely high technical facility is something we all love, it's not the only part of the story. In my view, no matter how amazing the playing is, if there is no connection with the song there, you have nothing. A song isn't about a guitar solo alone………sad I know…..but it's true.
The best musicians view themselves as songwriters as well as players. No matter how many cool licks or riffs I come up with, I always ask myself is there a song here? Only when I can answer that question with a yes can I move forward to technique. Then it's just time to have fun playing the guitar!
This past summer I started production on a group of songs at Portrait Recording Studios with my close friend and drummer Chris Badami. Working on this project has been one of the great joys in my life. Seeing my own music come from an idea into a reality is such a amazing process. I hope everyone enjoys this first release as much as we did creating it and playing it! Much more to come!
"Acclaimed Instrumental Guitarist Jason DeGeorge To Release Riveting Version Of Ben Harper & Charlie Musselwhite's Blues-Driven Single "Nothing At All"" - Denise Kovalevich
— Indie Pulse Music
My Teacher Site


Cheap North Carolina instant car insurance online that accept suspended licenses. Compare CAR INSURANCE right here and Save HUNDREDS of Dollars!
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New version available: New Balance 1500 v6
116 users say it's true to size.
Prime & free shipping
Receive an email when the price drops below $83 for Men's in any color.
Tip: New Balance 1500 v6 (new version) sells for just $33
Verdict from 2 experts and +100 user reviews
Several consumers noted that the toe box of the New Balance 1500 v4 was noticeably roomier than the previous version, making the experience better.
Many people felt that the sizing scheme followed their expectations.
The upper maintained a cool and dry experience on the roads, a tester commented.
Several runners noted that the weight of this running shoe was fittingly light.
The stability mechanism in the midsole wasn't too obvious that it became a noticeable bump, a reviewer noted.
There is less support than what was expected from the shoe, according to some wearers.
The reflectivity wasn't as prominent as the previous version, a tester noted.
People were chiefly appreciative of the New Balance 1500 v4. They welcomed this stability road shoe's roomy toe box, the breathable façade, its lightweight nature, and the unobtrusive stability mechanism. But the sizing scheme was apparently inconsistent, and that reflectivity wasn't as efficient.
Expert reviews:
100/100 by Running Shoes Guru
86/100 by Solereview
4.4/5 by Amazon (+100)
Updates to New Balance 1500 v4
The New Balance 1500 v4 is a running shoe that's designed to provide support for mild overpronators. It makes use of a stability post to support the arch and stabilize the stance of the wearer while taking each step. Additional midfoot support is afforded by the T-Beam, a TPU shank that acts as a foundation for the tendons and muscles of the foot-pad.
The upper unit of this NB running footwear makes use of engineered mesh which is similar to woven cloth. It has breathing pores to accommodate air into the foot-chamber. A minimal overlay and underlay system helps in providing a secure fit that encompasses the vital sections of the foot.
The New Balance 1500 v4 was crafted using the standard measurements. It is capable of adhering to the expectations of runners when it comes to size. The available widths for the women's version are B – Medium, D – Wide. The men's iteration features the D – Medium and 2E – Wide width profiles. It utilizes the VL-6 last which makes use of a customary heel and toe-box height that is meant for running.
Blown rubber is a material that offers protection against wear and tear, as well as traction during the activity. It also has a responsive configuration which means that it potentially adds a bit of cushioning and bounce to each step.
Inconspicuous gripping lugs heighten the outsole's grip over the surfaces. They also make sure to make each turn and swerving motion as precise and as responsive as possible.
Flex grooves allow the foot to bend and flex as naturally as possible, especially since running is an activity that involves transitions in gait.
The midsole unit of the New Balance 1500 v4 makes use of RevLite foam. It's designed to deliver a reactive underfoot experience that's also lightweight and durable. It runs the entire length of the platform. The same midsole foam is also used in the New Balance 1500 v5.
The T-Beam is a flexible shank that's made of thermoplastic polyurethane. Its purpose is to support the arch and provide torsional rigidity. It fundamentally takes the role of the tendons and the muscles of the underfoot, preventing any strain from causing any injury.
A Medial Post is added to the midfoot section of the platform. This dense foam stabilizes the foot, thereby correcting overpronation.
The upper unit of the New Balance 1500 v4 features engineered mesh. This cloth-like material offers a soft coverage that's flexible and breathable. It allows air to enter via ventilation pores, thus keeping a cool and dry foot-chamber for the runner.
The Fantom Fit is comprised of materials that are inconspicuously added to the façade. These overlays and underlays support the foot and keep it in place. Their thin disposition doesn't add a lot of weight to the product.
Meta-Lock is a midfoot securing system that is connected directly to the eyelets of the shoe. They react to the tightening or loosening of the shoelaces. Whenever the fit is adjusted, they follow suit. Such a design permits a snug yet customizable wrap.
The unpadded tongue unit has diamond-shaped holes to encourage breathability further while also shearing off from the overall weight of the product.
The collar has padding around it. The purpose of this design is to keep the foot in place and prevent it from wobbling or exiting the foot-chamber unintentionally.
A handy pull-tab is placed on the back of the collar to assist the runner when it comes to putting on or removing the shoe.
How 1500 v4 compares
All shoes average: 9.5oz
Weight: 9.9oz - 11oz
Ready to buy? Available from $83


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Pagans explores the rise of Christianity from a surprising and unique viewpoint: that of the people who witnessed their ways of life destroyed by what seemed then a powerful religious cult. These 'pagans' were actually pious Greeks, Romans, Syrians, and Gauls who observed the traditions of their ancestors. To these devout polytheists, Christians who worshiped only one deity were immoral atheists who believed that a splash of water on the deathbed could erase a lifetime of sin.
Religious scholar James J. O'Donnell takes us on a lively tour of the Ancient Roman world through the fourth century CE, when Romans of every nationality, social class, and religious preference found their world suddenly constrained by rulers who preferred a strange new god. Some joined this new cult, while others denied its power, erroneously believing it was little more than a passing fad.
In Pagans, O'Donnell brings to life various pagan rites and essential features of Roman religion and life, offers fresh portraits of iconic historical figures, including Constantine, Julian, and Augustine, and explores important themes-Rome versus the east, civilization versus barbarism, plurality versus unity, rich versus poor, and tradition versus innovation-in this startling account.


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How to Say NO Without Hurting People – Almost all of us face trouble while saying 'no'. And there are reasons for it. In our society, saying 'no' is a kind of insult to others. We are taught from a very young age to never say 'no' to authoritative figures, like our parents, teachers, relatives. bosses, etc. But why so? Often there's a fear of confrontation, fear of rejection, the feeling of guilt for hurting others, or probably you are afraid of being rude. But it is very important to say no when necessary. You have every right to protect your boundaries and maintain your own priorities and for that, you should say 'No'. Below we have discussed How to Say NO Without Hurting People. Check it out!
When your plate is full of other responsibilities, it is natural that you won't be interested to take new requests. In such condition, explain your situation by saying "I would love to do it for you, but…" This will make the other person understand that currently you are engaged with tasks of higher priorities and they will hold off the current request for a while.
If someone proposes a new idea to you that meets your interest, but you need to think on it for some time, you can say a temporary 'no', by saying "Let me think about it first and I will get back to you". It is important to think every possible aspects before saying 'yes' to something new. So take your time and if the person who put forth the request is serious, he/she will wait for your reply.
When someone provides you any opportunity that doesn't meet your need at the moment, gently say 'no' with this statement "It doesn't meet my requirements now, but sure I will keep you in mind". This won't hurt the other person, instead he/she will understand that what he/she has to offer you is not bad, but you are saying 'no', because you are looking for something else. Saying "I will keep you in mind" will ensure that the door is always open for future opportunities.
What will you do if someone asks you for help and you are afraid that you won't be able to do anything? Simply tell "I am afraid that I am not the right person to help you on this, Why don't you try Mr/Ms X?" This will avoid any kind of hard feeling, because even if you are saying that you can't help, but at the same time you are letting him/her know the person who will be able to help.
The trick is to say 'no' wisely. Here are some one-liner that will come handy when you don't want to pronounce the dirty word.
I wish I could make it work.
I won't be able to dedicate the time I need to it.
Unfortunately its not a good time.
I am honored, but can't.
I really don't think I would be able to do justice to it.
Saying 'no' is difficult, but you cannot always say 'yes' to everything and everybody. Learn How to Say NO Without Hurting People. You will find that it's not as bad as you had imagined it to be. Apart from the listed ways, there are many other ways to say 'no'. If you have your own style, do share it with us in the comment section below.
Very useful article. I'll keep the points in mind.


Microsoft is reporting today that the "Tear-drop attack" sample code that was claimed to successfully crash Windows 7 remotely can't touch Microsoft's upcoming golden child.
It seems that the person who was testing the code tested it on a release candidate version of Windows 7. The release candidate was impacted by the security problem, however Microsoft responded in their bulletin that the final release of Windows 7 (pressed to DVDs in July) is not impacted by the flaw.
This is the first specific example of a security threat impacting Windows Vista that was preemptively blocked by Windows 7.
I am sure there will be other exposed threats that will impact Windows 7, but this victory comes just in time for 7's October 22nd release. Windows 7 is expected to be the most advanced operating system on the planet (a claim that Apple is making in their music on hold right now about Snow Leopard).
Good news for 7. I'm not an enthusiast when it comes to MS systems. Every month they release about 3 to 5 crucial patches. I think the same will be with the new 7 Windows. I hope not but these pesky hackers will do anything to find errors.