text:
I Papanegro sono un gruppo musicale cileno di genere funk formato nel 1998. La band ha inciso quattro album in studio, realizzato diversi tour nazionali e diffuso a livello internazionale i loro singoli promozionali con lusinghieri risultati nelle classifiche.

Biografia
Nel 2000 vincono la terza edizione del Festival musicale giovanile più importante del Cile, risultato  che ha iniziato ad interessare anche i media, oltre ad essere invitati ad esibirsi su molti palcoscenici. Tre anni più tardi registrano il primo album, SuperActivo, album che riceve il premio Altazor  quale Migliore Disco dell'Anno. Di questa produzione si distinguono i singoli, Wokman, Todo Está Bien, PapaNegro e Cortentrete, tutti programmati ampiamente sulle radio locali, su MTV e Via X. Lo stesso anno inoltre partecipano alla creazione dell'album, Generaciones. Dos épocas en dueto  prodotto dalla Sony Music, nella quale interpretano insieme a Luce Eliana la canzone Aunque sé.

Nel 2005 esce, Compacto, album realizzato in collaborazione con Jorge González, leader dei Los Prisioneros. Da questo disco escono singoli come, Autonomía, il cui clip fu riconosciuto come migliore video dell'anno dal sito, Suena.cl; Oye Amigo!, sito che ha come tema centrale la serie giovanile di TVN, Block, ed il brano promozionale, Abusé, che ha richiamato l'attenzione per la sottile crudezza del contenuto visuale del suo videoclip.

Il 2007 rappresenta un anno di cambiamenti per i Papanegro, a causa dell'abbandono del concetto tradizionale di distribuzione musicale, avendo deciso di regalare il loro terzo album tramite Internet. Il terzo album dal titolo, Sette, è un progetto che unisce musica, immagine e gratuità, lanciato il 7 luglio del 2007 e riunisce 7 canzoni, 7 artisti visuali e 7 giorni, nel corso dei quali i brani furono diffusi uno al giorno tramite il sito internet. Il nuovo disco venne scaricato circa 30 000 volte e il suo primo singolo, Nocaut, prescelto democraticamente dai fan, ricevette ampia diffusione su Rock & Pop.

In seguito all'abbandono del chitarrista fondatore Gabriel Noé, il gruppo entra in un periodo di silenzio discografico rotto solo nel 2010 con l'uscita del disco, Placer Automático.

Nel febbraio 2012 creano il proprio festival itinerante chiamato, PapaFest, nel quale si esibiscono gratuitamente in molte città del centro e del sud del Cile, allo scopo di sostenere e dare spazio alle band locali. Nel maggio del 2012 lanciano il singolo, I.A.M.G.O.D, adattato e tradotto in varie parti del mondo. Hanno lavorato alla registrazione di un nuovo album che sarebbe dovuto uscire entro il 2016.

Discografia

Album di studio

Video musicali
Da SuperActivo
 Wokman, Reg. Álvaro Ceppi (2000)
 Todo Está Bien, Reg. Álvaro Ceppi (2001)
 PapaNegro, Reg. Álvaro Ceppi, Guayi (2003)
 Cortentrete, Reg. Álvaro Ceppi (2003)
Da Compacto
 Autonomía, Reg. Álvaro Ceppi (2005)
 Oye Amigo!, Reg. Álvaro Ceppi (2006)
 Abusé, Reg. Piero Medone (2006)
Da 7*
 Verte Aquí, Reg. William Gálvez (2007)
 Partícula, Reg. Leonardo Beltrán (2007)
 Danzflor, Reg. Christian Oyarzún (2007)
 Hay En Mí, Reg. Pablo Castello (2007)
 Contendores, Reg. René Castello (2007)
 Nocaut, Reg. Oscar Mazzi (2007)
 Emperador, Reg. Cristian Wiesenfeld (2007)
Da Placer Automático
 Placer Automático, Reg. Piero Medone (2010)
 No Lo Dudes, Reg. Guayi (2011)
 Frágil, Reg. Guayi (2012)
Dal disco in preparazione
 That Look, Reg.  Diego Cordes e Yoko Donoso (2014)
* I video di 7 non mostrano i membri della banda e sono stati diffusi solo su Internet.

Note

Collegamenti esterni
 Papanegro.cl - Sito ufficiale
 Papanegro - Myspace ufficiale
 Papanegro - Comunità di Facebook
 Biografia e discografia in Acid Jazz Hispano

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Q: Use Powershell to sum a column in a directory of CSVs with headers I have a batch of .csv files in a directory with a column in each featuring values I need to sum. The .csv files all have identical headers such as ID, SIZE, FILE_PATH, etc., and "SIZE" is the column I need to sum. I found a handy one-liner to do it one by one (below), but as I try to have it cycle through each of the CSVs with a wildcard operator, I keep getting this error message: "Measure-Object: Input object 'SIZE' is not numeric." The command executes but only gives a total count of all of the rows, not of the summed size.
The one-by-one version that works is:
Get-Content "file.csv" | ConvertFrom-Csv | Measure-Object "SIZE" -Sum
The version I have tried to make work is:
Get-Content ".\*.csv" | ConvertFrom-Csv | Measure-Object "SIZE" -Sum
Everything in the column is numeric except the header, but how do I both specify the column by its name "SIZE" and ignore the header?
Do you have any suggestions? I have to run this monthly over hundreds of .csv files, so it would be ideal to be able to get it to work in one go.

A: Try this instead
Get-ChildItem .\*.csv |
    foreach {Import-Csv $_} |
        Measure-Object size -sum

And if you want just the sum
(Get-ChildItem .\*.csv |
    foreach {Import-Csv $_} |
        Measure-Object size -sum).sum

or
Get-ChildItem .\*.csv |
    foreach {Import-Csv $_} |
        Measure-Object size -sum |
            Select-Object -Expand Sum

or
$sum = Get-ChildItem .\*.csv |
    ForEach-Object {Import-Csv $_} |
        Measure-Object -Property size -sum

$sum.sum

A: You're getting headers in the middle because Get-Content against multiple files will combine text from all files before processing it. You can use Get-ChildItem and Import-Csv for a better experience.
for example:
Get-ChildItem "*.csv" | ForEach-Object { Import-Csv -Path $_.FullName } | Measure-Object -Property Size -Sum

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
USPTO Updates
November 8, 2018 PatentDennis Crouch
← Whitaker on Patent Marketing	Interpreting Claims — Claiming Elements from the Background Art →
26 thoughts on "USPTO Updates"
NotPaidto_Comment says:
Sounds like Director Iancu is managing a similar amount of revenue from his last gig.
Three Billion paid in by innovators.
Let's not forget that: BY innovators.
Paul Morgan says:
Actually, the vast majority of PTO fee collections are by companies that own the patent rights, half of whom are foreign companies. Including almost all of the patent maintenance fees, which are a major contributor. They also subsidize the greatly reduced PTO fees for applications by small entities and many individual inventors.
Yes, 3 billion dollars a year is a lot of money for a system being attacked by some as now worthless, and that 3 billion dollars does not even include attorney fees, which are multiples of that.
MM says:
The system will get a lot more "worthless" really fast if the gates are opened up again to the State Street parasite class. There is next to zero public support for, e.g., patenting correlations and junky claims that turn people who are sending photos of their pets to each other into infringers.
translation: Wah!
JBarrera says:
Greg DeLassus says:
Actually,… half of [them] are foreign companies.
How is this point relevant? Are innovations from foreign innovators less useful to Americans? I expect that those whose lives were saved with penicillin would not think so.
I'm still trying to figure out why it's "relevant" that the money was allegedly paid for by "innovators."
The fact of the matter is that a huge portion of those fees are paid for by NON-innovators who haven't innovated anything, and another huge portion of the fees is paid for by people who might have innovated something but are asking for a lot more than what they deserve.
I don't think this was the point of the post but if you want to try to break this stuff down, it's not going to result in me or anyone else running to the store to buy a thank you card for people who are seeking US patents.
1.1.2.1.1
"I'm still trying to figure out…"
Lol. Naturally.
Try better.
" it's not going to result in me or anyone else running to the store to buy a thank you card for people who are seeking US patents."
Your cognitive dissonance is on display again.
(get into a line of work in which you can believe in the worth of the product — it would be better for you; it would be better for all that have to put up with your rants of feelings; and probably most of all, it would be better for your "clients")
Greg, it's very relevant to folks who think, or are miss-lead to think, the PTO is taxpayer-funded "big government" [to shrink or get rid of], or that it is substantially funded by individual inventors. Almost none of the PTO fees from foreign applicants are from from individual foreign inventors. [Nor are most foreign obtainers of U.S. patents obtaining those U.S. patents to promote U.S. R&D or U.S. manufacturing or lower consumer prices in the U.S., for that matter. But of course it gives U.S. companies complementary rights to obtain patent protection in most other countries.]
"But of course it gives U.S. companies complementary rights to obtain patent protection in most other countries."
Not sure your phrasing is quite what you think it to be…
1.1.2.2.1.1
The Paris Convention.
Almost none of the PTO fees from foreign applicants are from from individual foreign inventors.
Thank you for your clarification. Now that I better understand the point that you mean to make, however, I have so say that this seems like rather a thin and irrelevant distinction. The fees are paid by innovators. Whether those innovators are the actual inventors, or the entities who funded the work of the actual inventors, is kind of a meaningless distinction.
In the real world, genius without capital to back it up is mostly just untapped—and therefore wasted—potential. The entity that lays out the capital is just as deserving of the patent reward as the actual brain that thought up the invention.
No, Greg, you don't understand. The term "innovators" is a propaganda term for the maximalists. It doesn't refer to BigCorp (who are "anti-patent" … but who pay tons of fees).
It's meant to refer to the "little guys" — you know, "little guys" like Michael Caputo and related piles of filth. The kinds of people that Ray Niro liked to snort coke with.
1.1.2.2.2.1.1
link to washingtonexaminer.com
"Little guys."
"No, Greg, you don't understand. The term "innovators" is a propaganda term for the maximalists. "
Utter balderdash.
More of that "one-bucketing" (all pro-innovators must be in the same bucket of pro-individual inventors)
Maybe if you dealt with that cognitive dissonance of yours Malcolm, you might be able to put away your tinfoil hat.
genius without capital to back it up is mostly just untapped—and therefore wasted—potential
One would think that a "genius" (LOL) would be able to figure out how to get his/her awesome ideas funded one way or another.
"would be able to figure out how to get his/her awesome ideas funded one way or another."
Obtuse. Is it deliberate?
[I]t's very relevant to folks who think, or are miss-lead to think, the PTO is taxpayer-funded "big government" [to shrink or get rid of], or that it is substantially funded by individual inventors. Almost none of the PTO fees from foreign applicants are from from individual foreign inventors.
Despite my qualms about distinguishing between "innovators" and the companies that pay for patent applications, I agree entirely with your attempt to deflate the "I am paying for this microphone" approach that certain voices bring to any discussion of reform of the patent office or error correction in the patent system.
"are by companies that own the patent rights"
Decent point, I should amend then by stating: BY innovators and their privies.
Same concept still applies.
"They also subsidize the greatly reduced PTO fees… does not include attorney fees"
Also good points (you don't mind that I pair them up directly, eh?)
"lot of money for a system being attacked by some as now worthless"
I think though, that this comment entirely misses the boat as to why people are complaining – quite in fact, that lot of money is exactly why people are complaining that what the system provides as a result of innovators (and their privies) are spending, IS something worth attacking because of the waste of that money spent (rights which are deemed mere Public Franchise rights, easily revoked, and without the full natural** force of exclusion).
** and before undies are all bunched up, the use of natural merely indicates that the exclusive nature of a patent property right is MOST aligned with the injunctive aspect of a judicial remedy.
people are complaining
Nobody is complaining, Billy, except for you and your sniveling buddies whose "innovations" are mostly pure unadulterated sh it.
…says the person who MOST complains….
Put.
Shovel.
mere Public Franchise rights
BOO HOO HOO HOO HOO HOOOO!!!!!
RandomGuy says:
Billions paid for the federal courts by JUSTICE SEEKERS. Let's not forget that: BY JUSTICE SEEKERS.
… and your point is…?
Ha! Touché.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Welcome to Vreeland Engineers, Incorporated
Vreeland Engineers, Inc. is a consulting electrical engineering firm located in Knoxville, Tennessee which provides lighting, power distribution, and communications system design and consulting services for its clients. The firm has been in continuous operation since it was founded in 1949 by Fred Vreeland.
Specific design services provided by Vreeland Engineers, Inc. include electrical and telecommunications design services during all phases of construction document preparation for new building construction and renovation projects as well as utility infrastructure projects for a wide range of institutional, commercial, and industrial clients. Vreeland Engineers Inc. also provides services during the bidding/negotiation, construction administration, and project close-out phases on many of these projects.
Other electrical and telecommunications consulting services provided by Vreeland Engineers, Inc. include existing facility system site assessments and reports and preparation of probable electrical cost projections and feasibility studies for potential projects.
Vreeland Engineers, Inc. has an experienced staff of engineers and support personnel to provide these services. Company also stays up to date with rapidly changing technology requirements by using the latest AutoCAD and Revit building design software editions to produce construction documents for its clients.
Vreeland Engineers grows with technology
In the fast changing world of technology, Vreeland Engineers, Inc. has kept paced with the constant changes. In 2013, Vreeland Engineers was one of the first consulting firms in Knoxville to add the Revit CAD system to its lineup of design.
Meanwhile, Vreeland Engineers is still involved and dedicated to the AutoCAD system for those not currently using Revit.
©Copyright Vreeland Engineers, Inc. - Knoxville, Tennessee


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text:
Business books › Clothing manufacturer for Nike and Adidas lost $750 million due to lockdown
Clothing manufacturer for Nike and Adidas lost $750 million due to lockdown
Quarantine measures by the Chinese authorities can cost companies dearly. China has one of the lowest COVID incidence rates in the world, but measures taken in case of a small outbreak of infection lead to millions of losses
See also: best laptop for Zoom meetings - review
The fortune of the family of Chinese billionaire Ma Jianzhong decreased by $ 750 million in a day after the news about the suspension of production at the factories of one of the largest Chinese exporters of textiles, Shenzhou International, Forbes reports.
The Chinese authorities have introduced a lockdown and started universal testing of residents in the Ningbo city District in China after ten cases of coronavirus infection were detected there. After this decision, the shares of Shenzhou International lost about 10% in price, which led to a decrease in the capitalization of their owners, Ma Jianzhong and his family.
Shenzhou International manufactures and exports sportswear for international brands, including Nike, Uniqlo and Adidas.
Context: Pandemic in China
The coronavirus pandemic began with an outbreak in Wuhan, China. However, at the same time, according to official statistics, China itself has one of the lowest incidence rates of COVID-19 in the world, thanks to tough government measures. In total, since the beginning of the epidemic, according to WHO, 131 thousand cases of coronavirus have been diagnosed in China, of which 1,327 in the last week. 5,699 people died of the disease during the pandemic.
When a disease outbreak is detected, the authorities block the area, stop production and impose strict quarantine — only one family member can go out for urgent needs (shopping) once a day for a limited time.
Sources: Forbes


Hi, I'm Anna Harvey, aged 18, and I am currently coming to the end of my school career, having just sat A-Levels in Biology, Chemistry, Physics and History at St Lawrence College in Ramsgate. Two years ago I achieved 10 A* grades at GCSE. I live in Margate with my parents, my three sisters and two brothers, and various neighbourhood cats who have decided our home is nicer than theirs.
This year I received offers from Hull York Medical School, Barts and the London Medical School and King's College London to study Medicine, which I was incredibly proud of as more than half of all medical applicants do not secure a place. After a summer of working at a fab local café – Morgan's Margate – I will be taking up my place at King's, provided all goes well on results day!
I hope to go into paediatric medicine after spending a week on work experience in a local children's ward and being incredibly impressed with not only the skill and knowledge of the doctors, but the sensitivity they displayed towards both their patients and their patients' relatives.
I'll actually still be studying for my degree! Initial medical training at university lasts for six years, and then there is two years of working and studying in a foundation programme before you can apply for specialist training posts. Hopefully at uni I'll be able to get involved in volunteering and will be doing something useful with my free time; I am especially interested in working with disadvantaged young people.
Definitely living by the sea! I have never lived more than a 10-minute walk from the beach and it's actually one of the things I am most scared of missing when I move to London in September (except my family, of course).
My home town of Margate is currently undergoing a revival and is now a brilliant centre for artists of all types and vintage fashion lovers. We have also just had a beautiful new seafront put in place, which looks amazing with the sun setting behind it.
I really enjoy drama and most recently played Mary Magdalene in our school production of Jesus Christ Superstar – a role I really enjoyed due to my prior reputation for playing evil characters!
I am also a bit of a reader, and usually have two or three books on the go at once. I spend most of my weekends going to local bands' gigs – Thanet now has several brilliant small music venues, including the new Ramsgate Music Hall, which has garnered significant attention from the indie music press since it opened.
Advice on applying for medical school?
Be original – I took a risk by starting my personal statement with an anecdote about a very young me being terrified at a human body exhibition, which a lot of people who read it said I should take out.


I was just reading something that said that you should have a gratitude journal and write in it each day. The goal is to find a moment, person, or event to be thankful for and to record it. Why? Because no matter where you are in life, no matter what you're going through, there is always something to appreciate. The point of the article was that by journaling something positive, you overshadow any negatives and give them less space in your life. I'm thankful for the people that I work with each day. We truly believe in the Team Arie Nol philosophy— not just in the workplace but in our personal lives as well. We've all had to be there for each other during big life events; births, deaths, health issues, etc. All of it has happened in the time we've worked together and the support our team shows for one another humbles me each time. They're here because they have a love for the automotive industry and automobile repair. We hired them for their skill and attitude and we've built a team that I enjoy working with every day. I'm thankful for the customers that trust us with their vehicles, the vendors we work with that support our business, the small business community that continues to grow and support one another, and the ability to work in a family-owned business with my son and husband every day. Be thankful. Even if you're not writing it down, take a moment to notice the positive things that happen in your day. Some days, it may just be, "Hey, I didn't spill my coffee down the front of me!" or, "I didn't slide off the road into the ditch!". We all have those days. Happy Thanksgiving from all of us at Arie Nol Auto Center.


text:
Q: How do I save user information (like NSUserDefaults in obj-c) with C++? In objective-c it's easy. Although, in C, you have to call fopen, read, close and all of that jazz. How do you do it in C++?

A: just use the header fstream
example:
#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
using namespace std;

int main()
{
ofstream file;
file.open("file.txt");
file << "Test!\n";
file.close()
return 0;
}


What happens when an Airbnb hosting goes wrong?
What happens when Airbnb hosting goes wrong?
At this time of year, families around the world are in the midst of entertaining relatives and friends in their home for Christmas and New Year.
It can be a stressful time! Making sure the house is clean, the fridge is full and you have plenty organised to occupy your guests.
But what if those visiting your house were virtual strangers? How would your stress levels be??
While some Airbnb hosts like Mark Hodge have the entire property listed, some hosts like Primrose share their home with guests.
Looking back her first booking, Primrose remembers a sense of natural apprehension before the guests arrived.
So what happens when an Airbnb hosting goes wrong?
Surely over four years, there must have been some challenging moments or guests in Primroses' Double Bay home?
"Yeah I've had one," said Primrose. "Total disaster," she said.
In this clip, Primrose tells Deborah about an experience with a guest who was asked to leave the house, six days into a three-week booking.
Things were not working out for Primrose and so she was able to call Airbnb who walked her through the process on how to handle the situation.
Thankfully, with their support it was resolved quickly and the guest was able to find new accommodation.
"Something good comes out of something bad," says Primrose.
After years of fairly smooth sailing, the stress levels have subsided and Primrose now enjoys the Airbnb way of life and the financial and social balance it offers.


text:
Q: The connection string 'DefaultConnection' in the application's configuration file does not contain the required providerName attribute." Just trying to publish my first MVC app to Godaddy Plesk hosting.
My app is working just fine running on localhost on my machine but when deploy it to host(used webdeploy ) whenever i try to run some database stuff (used EF -code first) i get: The connection string 'DefaultConnection' in the application's configuration file does not contain the required providerName attribute." error.
Here is my connection string
add name="DefaultConnection" connectionString="Data Source=myserverIP;Network Library =DBMSSOCN;Initial Catalog=mydatabase;User ID=myuser;Password=mypass;" providerName="System.Data.SqlClient"
The strangest thing is that when I use this connection string on my local development machine instead of default "...Data Source=(LocalDb)\MSSQLLocalDB;AttachDbFilename etc..." string, App runs just fine and I see data stored in database on godaddy hosting.
Also I connect to this database from Microsoft SQL Server Managament Studio using credentials from conncetion string above and without any problem run querys
Hope somebody can help me out
thanks in advance


I have 5 years of experience, and specialize in the field of addictions with specific knowledge in the areas of post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), sexual abuse and spiritual issues. I have published on such topics as EMDR, co-occurring trauma and addiction and community advocacy. I have testified on addiction and general mental health.


Sprinkle work surface with powdered sugar or flour. Remove 1 wrapped pack of dough from refrigerator at a time, sprinkle rolling pin with powdered sugar or flour, and roll out dough to 1/4-inch thick. Cut into desired shape, place at least 1-inch apart on greased baking sheet, parchment, or silicone baking mat, and bake for 7 to 9 minutes or until cookies are just beginning to turn brown around the edges, rotating cookie sheet halfway through baking time. Let sit on baking sheet for 2 minutes after removal from oven and then move to complete cooling on wire rack. Serve as is or ice as desired. Store in airtight container for up to 1 week.


Benzene can be still included in PDPs as an impurity.
Hazard communication on the PDPs containing benzene below 0.1% is important.
MSDS information of PDPs should be carefully considered.
This study was conducted to assess the levels of benzene in petroleum-derived products (PDPs) through literature reviews reported in Korea and to estimate the inhalable benzene to which workers who handle PDPs containing trace amounts of benzene are exposed. All of the available data until 2012 on benzene-containing products in Korea were collected from prior studies, reports, and epidemiological surveys. A total of 32 products from 7 reagents, including ethylbenzene and trichloroethylene, were also analyzed using a gas chromatograph equipped with a mass spectrometer to confirm the trace levels of benzene. Finally, a total of 112 data sets with 131 bulk samples for benzene content information were collected. Thinner had the highest benzene content (56.7% in 1997), followed by printing agent (30.1% in 2005), solvent used in the maintenance and repair of motor vehicles (8.96% in 2005), and gasoline (6.0% in 2002). The amount of benzene contained in the PDPs exhibited a declining trend over the years, but workers handling thinners containing less than 0.1% benzene were found to be exposed to concentrations above 1 ppm. 13 of the 32 reagents were also confirmed to contain benzene, and the products of trichlorethylene and ethylbenzene contained more than 0.1% benzene. In conclusion, if there is a possibility of benzene exposure, even when the benzene content is below 0.1%, specifying the presence of benzene in the material safety data sheet to ensure the protection of workers is warranted.


Description Watch a large battle scene from Age of Mythology in this exclusive movie given to FilePlanet from Ensemble Studios. The movie is 11MB and pretty decent quality. You'll really get to see the game's 3D engine shine here.
Submitted: 10-26-2005 / Last Updated: shtml Unknown 1670 11 MBs in size.


text:
Councillors throw out St Andrews "carbuncle" housing development
A modern housing development consisting of three and four-storey houses overlooking the Old Course has been rejected by the NE Fife Area Committee in spite of Fife Council officials' recommendation that the application be approved. Councillors claimed that the development would be totally out of keeping with the surrounding traditional buildings
The application provoked a mixed response in the town.
There were 38 letters of objection, including one from the Community Council which said the proposed buildings were not typical of St Andrews nor of the Conservation Area in which they would be located.
Supporters included St Andrews Preservation Trust, which stated that the design of homes was inspirational
The Scottish Environmental Protection Agency (SEPA) and the Council's own Flooding, Shoreline and Harbours Service objected on the grounds the homes would increase the risk of flooding in the area, although planning officers said it would not have a significant effect.
Members of NE Fife Area Committee Unanimously rejected the application on the grounds of both its design and the perceived flood risk.
Conservative councillor Tony Miklinski branded the proposal "literally quite shocking – it would be right next to the Swilcan Bridge and I do have a concern that it really does not fit in with the kind of buildings around it," he said.
He added that if the development were built the reaction of many people would be: "What kind of numpties approved that? This would have a detrimental impact on an iconic site which people expect to be sitting in an appropriate architectural environment, not overlooking a millionaire's palace," he said.
SNP councillor David McDiarmid thought the modern houses would jar with the neighbouring red sandstone buildings."It looks to me like another carbuncle," he said. "It's virtually on the Old Course. It's like building on Culloden."
Many councillors expressed fears over the flood risk, with Liberal Democrat Jane Ann Liston stating "It does not seem to be a clever place to be building houses at all, while Labour councillor Brian Thomson added that the risk made approval "inconceivable".
Tags Cllr Brian Thomson, Cllr Jane Ann Liston, Cllr Miklinski, flooding, NE Fife Area Committee, Old Course, SEPA
Previous Previous post: Covid-19 update 7th November; rate of infection in St Andrews Central above 100 per 100,000 again
Next Next post: Covid-19 update Fife and Tayside 3rd December; St Andrews rates of infection down


Africa RISING scientists in Tanzania have published an article in the Journal of Stored Products Research.
An assessment of post-harvest handling practices and food losses in a maize-based farming system in semi-arid areas of Central and Northern Tanzania was carried out in 2012.
Seventeen crops were mostly cultivated by the farmers in the surveyed areas; maize (32%), sunflower (16%) and pigeon peas (12%) were the most cultivated while maize was the most stored. There are at least 7 months between two harvest seasons of each crop; while farmers sold the crops soon after harvest to cater for household expenditure (54%) and school fees (38%), the market prices increased significantly (P 0.05) within six months of storage.
Most processing activities (winnowing, dehulling, drying, sorting and shelling) were carried out manually, almost entirely by women, but mechanized processing for maize, sunflower, millet, and sorghum were commonly practiced.
Quantitative post-harvest losses of economic importance occur in the field (15%); during processing (13e20%), and during storage (15e25%). The main storage pests responsible for the losses are larger grain borers (Prostephanus truncatus), grain weevils (Sitophilus granarius) and, the lesser grain borer (Rhyzopertha dominica). Most of the farmers considered changes in weather (40%), field damage (33%), and storage pests (16%) as the three most important factors causing poor crop yields and aggravating food losses.
However, survey results suggest that the farmers' poor knowledge and skills on post-harvest management are largely responsible for the food losses. 77% of the surveyed farmers reported inadequate household foods and 41% received food aid during the previous year. Increasing farmers' technical know-how on adaptation of the farming systems to climate variability, and training on post-harvest management could reduce food losses, and improve poverty and household food security.
Previous post ← Measuring the 'sustainable' in sustainable intensification – indicators needed!


text:
Federal Register, Volume 84 Issue 72 (Monday, April 15, 2019)
[Federal Register Volume 84, Number 72 (Monday, April 15, 2019)]
Agency Information Collection Activities Under OMB Review
SUMMARY: In compliance with the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995
(``PRA''), this notice announces that the Information Collection
Request (``ICR'') abstracted below has been forwarded to the Office of
Management and Budget (``OMB'') for review and comment. The ICR
costs and burdens.
DATES: Comments must be submitted on or before May 15, 2019.
ADDRESSES: Comments regarding the burden estimate or any other aspect
of the information collection, including suggestions for reducing the
burden, may be submitted directly to the Office of Information and
Regulatory Affairs (``OIRA'') in OMB within 30 days of the publication
of this notice, by either of the following methods. Please identify the
comments by ``OMB Control No. 3038-0094.''
By email addressed to: OIRA [email protected] or
By mail addressed to: The Office of Information and
Regulatory Affairs, Office of Management and Budget, Attention: Desk
Officer for the Commodity Futures Trading Commission, 725 17th Street
NW, Washington, DC 20503.
A copy of all comments submitted to OIRA should be sent to the
Commodity Futures Trading Commission (``CFTC'' or ``Commission'') by
any of the following methods. The copies sent to the Commission also
should refer to ``OMB Control No. 3038-0094.''
Lafayette Centre, 1155 21st Street NW, Washington, DC 20581;
By Hand Delivery/Courier to the same address; or
Through the Commission's website at http://comments.cftc.gov. Please follow the instructions for submitting
comments through the website.
A copy of the supporting statement for the collection of
information discussed herein may be obtained by visiting http://RegInfo.gov.
http://www.cftc.gov. You should submit only information that you wish
Freedom of Information Act, a petition for confidential information of
the exempt information may be submitted according to the procedures
established in Sec. 145.9 of the Commission's regulations.\1\ The
Commission reserves the right, but shall have no obligation to review,
pre-screen, filter, redact, refuse or remove any or all of your
submission from http://www.cftc.gov that it may deem to be
inappropriate for publication, such as obscene language. All
will be considered as required under the Administrative Procedure Act
and other applicable laws, and may be accessible under the Freedom of
Information Act.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Jocelyn Partridge, Special Counsel,
Division of Clearing and Risk, Commodity Futures Trading Commission,
Title: Clearing Member Risk Management (OMB Control No. 3038-0094).
This is a request for extension of a currently approved information
Abstract: Section 3(b) of the Commodity Exchange Act (``Act'' or
``CEA'') provides that one of the purposes of the Act is to ensure the
financial integrity of all transactions subject to the Act and to avoid
systemic risk. Section 8a(5) authorizes the Commission to promulgate
such regulations that it believes are reasonably necessary to
effectuate any of the provisions or to accomplish any of the purposes
of the Act. Risk management systems are critical to the avoidance of
systemic risks.
Section 4s(j)(2) requires each Swap Dealer (``SD'') and Major Swap
Participant (``MSP'') to have risk management systems adequate for
managing its business. Section 4s(j)(4) requires each SD and MSP to
have internal systems and procedures to perform any of the functions
set forth in Section 4s.
Section 4d requires FCMs to register with the Commodity Futures
Trading Commission (``Commission''). It further requires Futures
Commission Merchants (``FCMs'') to segregate customer funds. Section 4f
requires FCMs to maintain certain levels of capital. Section 4g
establishes reporting and recordkeeping requirements for FCMs.
Pursuant to these provisions, the Commission adopted Sec. 1.73
which applies to clearing members that are FCMs and Sec. 23.609 which
applies to clearing members that are SDs or MSPs. These provisions
require these clearing members to have procedures to limit the
financial risks they incur as a result of clearing trades and liquid
resources to meet the obligations that arise. The regulations require
clearing members to: (1) Establish credit and market risk-based limits
based on position size, order size, margin requirements, or similar
factors; (2) use automated means to screen orders for compliance with
the risk-based limits; (3) monitor for adherence to the risk-based
limits intra-day and overnight; (4) conduct stress tests of all
positions in the proprietary account and all positions in any customer
account that could pose material risk to the futures commission
merchant at least once per week; (5) evaluate its ability to meet
initial margin requirements at least once per week; (6) evaluate its
ability to meet variation margin requirements in cash at least once per
week; (7) evaluate its ability to liquidate the positions it clears in
an orderly manner, and estimate the cost of the liquidation at least
once per month; and (8) test all lines of credit at least once per
quarter.
Each of these items has been observed by Commission staff as an
element of an existing sound risk management program at an SD, MSP, or
FCM. The Commission regulations require each clearing member to
establish written procedures to comply with this regulation and to keep
records documenting its compliance. The information collection
obligations imposed by the regulations are necessary to implement
certain provisions of the CEA, including ensuring that registrants
exercise effective risk management and for the efficient operation of
trading venues among SDs, MSPs, and FCMs.
currently valid OMB control number.\2\ On November 14, 2018, the
Notice''). The Commission did not receive any relevant comments.
Accordingly, it did not alter the burden estimates set forth in the 60-
Day Notice.
Burden Statement: The respondent burden for this collection is
estimated to average 2 hours per response for an estimated annual
burden of 504 hours per respondent. This estimate includes the total
time, effort, or financial resources expended by persons to generate,
maintain, retain, disclose, or provide information to or for a federal
Respondents/Affected Entities: Clearing member Swap Dealers, Major
Swap Participants, and Futures Commission Merchants.
Estimated Number of Respondents: 166 (101 Clearing Member Swap
Dealers and 65 Clearing Member Futures Commission Merchants).
Estimated Average Burden Hours per Respondent: 504.
Estimated Total Annual Burden Hours: 83,664 hours.
Frequency of Collection: As needed.
There are no capital costs or operating and maintenance costs
associated with this collection.
(Authority: 44 U.S.C. 3501 et seq.)
Dated: April 9, 2019.


text:
National Park Foundation Announces 2010 National Park Holiday Celebrations
Monday, November 29, 2010National Park Foundation
WASHINGTON, D.C. (November 29, 2010) -- Today, the National Park Foundation, the official charity of American's national parks, announced some of the best national parks for visitors to participate in holiday festivities this year. Each year, the holiday season is kicked off in grand style in Washington, D.C.'s President's Park with the National Christmas Tree Lighting which can be seen December 9th LIVE at 5pm ET/2pm PT at www.thenationaltree.org. In addition, there are many other exceptional holiday festivities to take part in local national parks across the country.
ARIZONA: Petrified Forest National Park – Holiday Open House – Enjoy hot drinks, cookies, treats and holiday cheer at the Painted Desert National Historic Landmark.
CALIFORNIA: San Francisco Maritime National Historical Park - Turn the clock back to Christmas in the year 1901, where you will meet and talk with captains, wives, and crews aboard the historic vessels at Hyde Street Pier. Lamplit guided tours
HAWAII: Hawai'i Volcanoes National Park - Na Leo Manu Heavenly Voices - Home for the Holidays – Enjoy a free evening of festive Hawaiian music.
KANSAS: Fort Larned National Historic Site – "Christmas Past" visitors enjoy historic sounds of the season
MARYLAND: Thomas Stone National Historic Site - 18th Christmas tour by candlelight.
MISSOURI: Wilson's Creek National Battlefield hosts a memorial procession and illumination tour.
NEW JERSEY: Thomas Edison National Historical Park – Holidays at Glenmont Estate – Visit the Glenmont Estate when it is dressed up for the holiday season, including a tree, banquet dinner, and other decorations.
NEW YORK: Saint Paul's Church National Historic Site features Christmas organ concerts.
NORTH CAROLINA: Carl Sandburg Home National Historic Site – "Christmas at Connemara" features a festive celebration folk musicians and storytellers.
TEXAS: Lyndon B. Johnson National Historical Park – Christmas at the LBJ Boyhood Home – Relive a 1920's small town Christmas
WASHINGTON, D.C.: The Ellipse at President's Park - Santa's Workshop – Meet Santa and his elves in their workshop while listening to holiday music performances.
These and many other national parks offer an exceptional variety of holiday celebrations and festivities. With lights, music, and holiday cheer to be found at many of the 393 national parks throughout the country, there's no reason to miss out on the season's festivities. For information on events in a national park near you, please go to the full listing of national parks at National Park Foundation or the National Park Service.
You are the owner of 84 million acres of the world's most treasured landscapes, ecosystems, and historic sites -- all protected in America's nearly 400 national parks. Chartered by Congress, the National Park Foundation is the official charity of America's national parks. We work hand in hand with the National Park Service to connect you and all Americans to the parks, and to make sure that they are preserved for the generations who will follow. Join us in supporting your national parks -- this is your land. www.nationalparks.org.


text:
Q: aarch64-linux-gnu-cpp: error: unrecognized command line option '-mthumb' I am trying to build U-boot. After doing make xconfig I run
make CROSS_COMPILE=aarch64-linux-gnu-

and I encounter this error:
  OBJCOPY u-boot.srec
  OBJCOPY u-boot.bin
  OBJCOPY u-boot.hex
fatal: bad revision 'HEAD'
Building board/amlogic/gxl_p212_v1/acs.bin
fatal: bad revision 'HEAD'
Building board/amlogic/gxl_p212_v1/bl21.bin
    CPP user_task.lds
aarch64-linux-gnu-cpp: error: unrecognized command line option '-mthumb'
aarch64-linux-gnu-cpp: error: unrecognized command line option '-mno-sched-prolog'
make[2]: *** [/media/saleh/NEWVOLUME/UBOOT/openlinux/uboot-2016-08-18-edd7f116ab/build/scp_task/user_task.lds] Error 1
make[1]: *** [bl301.bin] Error 2
make: *** [sub-make] Error 2

Anyone knows what the problem is?


text:
\section{Introduction}
\label{sec:int}

Supersoft sources (SSSs) were first discovered in the Large Magellanic
Cloud with the \textsl{Einstein} Observatory \citep{Long1981},
including the two prototypes \object{CAL83} and \object{CAL87}.  SSSs are
characterised by very soft thermal spectra, with temperatures
typically below 100\,eV, and have bolometric luminosities in excess of
$10^{36}\,\text{erg}\,\text{s}^{-1}$.  These sources can be divided
 into two groups. The first one includes the ``classical'' SSSs,
which are characterized by bolometric luminosities in the range
$10^{36}$--$2\times10^{38}\,\text{erg}\,\text{s}^{-1}$.  The most
promising model to explain the flux emitted from such SSSs was
proposed by \cite{vandenHeuvel1992} to be a steady nuclear burning
of hydrogen accreted onto white dwarfs with masses in the range of
0.7--1.2\,M$_{\odot}$. These sources are fairly common: 57 sources
have been catalogued by
J.~Greiner\footnote{\url{http://www.aip.de/~jcg/sss/ssscat.html}}
up to 1999 December, but since then many more were discovered in
distant galaxies by \textsl{XMM-Newton}\xspace and \textsl{Chandra}\xspace (see below). The second
group includes SSSs for which the luminosity exceeds the Eddington
limit for a $1.4\,\text{M}_\odot$ compact object, therefore excluding
unbeamed emission from steady nuclear burning of hydrogen accreted
onto a white dwarf. These sources are much less common.  For
ultraluminous SSSs, i.e., SSS with bolometric luminosities exceeding
$10^{39}\,\text{erg}\,\text{s}^{-1}$, models involving
intermediate-mass black holes \citep{Kong2003, Swartz2002, Kong2004}
or stellar-mass black holes with matter outflow \citep{Mukai2005} have
been invoked.

According to \cite{Greiner2004}, 25 SSSs have been discovered in
\object{M31} of which a large fraction (30\%) are found to be
transient sources, with turnoff and turnon times of the order of a few
months.  Their luminosities are in the range
$10^{36}$--$10^{38}\,\text{erg}\,\text{s}^{-1}$.  \cite{DiStefano2003}
found 16 SSSs in \object{M101}, 2--3 in \object{M51}, 10 in
\object{M83} and 3 in \object{NGC~4697}. Of these sources, 11 have
bolometric luminosities $>10^{38}\,\text{erg}\,\text{s}^{-1}$, from
which six are brighter than $10^{39}\,\text{erg}\,\text{s}^{-1}$. In
\object{M81}, \cite{Swartz2002} found 9 SSSs, including two with
bolometric luminosities $>10^{38}\,\text{erg}\,\text{s}^{-1}$ and one
$>10^{39}\,\text{erg}\,\text{s}^{-1}$.  According to
\cite{DiStefano2003}, normal SSSs in spiral galaxies appear to be
associated with the spiral arms. The most luminous SSSs, however, have
been found either in the arms, bulge, or disk \citep{Swartz2002}, as
well as in halos \citep{DiStefano2003b}. SSSs have been found either
in spiral (e.g. M31, M101, M83,
M81, \object{M104}, \& NGC~300), elliptical (e.g.,
NGC~4697), interacting (e.g., M51 and
\object{NGC~4038}/\object{NGC~4039}, i.e., the Antennae) or irregular
galaxies (e.g., \object{LMC} and \object{SMC}).

In this paper we report  the discovery of a luminous
($>2\times10^{38}\,\text{erg}\,\text{s}^{-1}$) SSS,
XMMU~J005455.0$-$374117, in the spiral galaxy NGC~300.  This galaxy is
a normal dwarf galaxy of type SA(s)d located at a distance of
$\sim$1.88\,Mpc \citep{Gieren2005}. The galaxy is seen almost face-on
and has a low Galactic column density
\citep[$N_\text{H}=3.6\times10^{20}\,\text{cm}^{-2}$;][]{Dickey1990}.
The major axes of its $D_{25}$ optical disk are 13.3\,kpc and 9.4\,kpc
\citep[$22'\times 15'$;][]{deVaucouleurs1991}.  NGC~300 was
observed by \textsl{ROSAT}\xspace between 1991 and 1997 for a total of 46\,ksec with
the Position Sensitive Proportional Counter and 40\,ksec with the High
Resolution Imager.  One SSS, XMMU J005510.7$-$373855, was present in
these observations \citep{Read1997}. This source was visible in 1992
May and June but not in 1991 December \citep{Read2001}.  The spectrum
was well described with a thermal bremsstrahlung model with $kT \sim
0.1$\,keV \citep{Read1997}.

More recently, we observed NGC~300 with \textsl{XMM-Newton}\xspace during its orbit 192
(2000 December 26; 37\,ksec on source time) and orbit 195 (2001
January 1; 47\,ksec on source time).  The results of these observations
have been presented by \cite{Carpano2005}.  A deep analysis of the SSS
XMMU J005510.7$-$373855 as seen in these observations was also
performed by \cite{Kong2003}.  These authors report that during the
6\,days between the two \textsl{XMM-Newton}\xspace pointings the source went from a ``high
state'' to a ``low state'', and that a 5.4\,h periodicity was found
during the low state. More information about this source will be given
in Sect.~\ref{sec:discus}. Recently, \textsl{XMM-Newton}\xspace re-observed NGC~300 on
2005~May~22 (orbit 998) and on 2005~November~25 (orbit 1092), for
35\,ksec each.

In this paper, we focus on the analysis of a new SSS, which was
present in the 2005 \textsl{XMM-Newton}\xspace observations, and compare its properties with
the previously known SSS.  For simplicity, we will refer to
XMMU~J005510.7$-$373855 as SSS$_{1}$ and XMMU J005455.0$-$374117 as
SSS$_{2}$ in this work.  Sect.~\ref{sec:obs} describes
the observations and the reduction of the \textsl{XMM-Newton}\xspace data. In
Sect.~\ref{sec:res} we present the spectral and timing analysis of
SSS$_2$. We discuss  the nature of these SSSs in
Sect.~\ref{sec:discus} and conclusions are given in
Sect.~\ref{sec:conc}.

\section{Observations and data reduction}
\label{sec:obs}
For the 2005 May and November \textsl{XMM-Newton}\xspace observations, the EPIC-MOS
\citep{Turner} and EPIC-pn \citep{Strueder} cameras were operated in
their full frame mode with the medium filter.  The
EPIC-pn camera was centered on the previously known SSS$_{1}$
($\alpha_\text{J2000.0}=00^\text{h}55^\text{m} 10\fs{}7$ and
$\delta_\text{J2000.0}=-37^\circ 38' 55\farcs 0$).  The data reduction
was identical to that used in our analysis of the previous \textsl{XMM-Newton}\xspace
observations \citep{Carpano2005}, except that version 6.5.0 of the
\textsl{XMM-Newton}\xspace Science Analysis System (SAS) and recent calibration files were
 used.  After screening the MOS data for proton flares using the
standard procedures described by the \textsl{XMM-Newton}\xspace team, a total of 30\,ksec of
low background data remained for  revolution 998.  The same
good time intervals were then also used for the EPIC-pn data, leaving
26\,ksec of low background.  No high background was present in the
data of orbit 1092 where the exposure time was of 36\,ksec for the MOS
and 31\,ksec for the pn data.

Using the SAS \texttt{edetect\_chain} task, which performs a maximum
likelihood source detection, SSS$_2$ is detected with a likelihood of
$5.2\times 10^3$ in the combined observations of orbits 998 and 1092.
Following \citet{Carpano2005}, we improve the X-ray positions by cross
correlating positions between X-ray sources and their optical
counterparts. The revised coordinates of the source are
$\alpha_\text{J2000.0}=00^\text{h}54^\text{m} 55\fs{}0$ and
$\delta_\text{J2000.0}=-37^\circ 41' 17\farcs 0$, with an uncertainty
of $0\farcs 64$.

\section{Timing and spectral analysis of SSS$_2$}
\label{sec:res}
Fig.~\ref{fig:image} shows the combined MOS/pn images centered on
SSS$_2$ taken during \textsl{XMM-Newton}\xspace observations (revolution 192 and
195, 998, and 1092). SSS$_{2}$ is located close to the center of the
galaxy, at a projected distance of $\sim$0.24\,kpc.  We also show the
combined BVR optical image of the field taken with the 2.2\,m MPG/ESO
telescope on La Silla.  See \citet{Carpano2005} and
\citet{Schirmer2003} for a description of the optical data and their
reduction.

\begin{figure}
\resizebox{\hsize}{!}{\includegraphics{5609fig1.ps}}
\caption{$278''\times278''$ images of SSS$_{2}$, in the 0.2--2.0 keV\xspace
  band from the different \textsl{XMM-Newton}\xspace observations (revolution 192+195, 998,
  and 1092) and $15''\times15''$ optical image centered on the X-ray
  position of the source (the circle represents the $2\sigma$
  uncertainty of the X-ray position).}
 \label{fig:image}
\end{figure}

SSS$_{2}$ was clearly visible in revolutions 998 and 1092 but not in
revolutions 192 and 195, where the detection limiting luminosity is
$\sim1.3\pm0.6\times10^{36}\,\text{erg}\,\text{s}^{-1}$ and
$\sim1.1\pm0.5\times10^{36}\,\text{erg}\,\text{s}^{-1}$, respectively
(assuming a blackbody model with $kT\sim60$\,eV and
$N_\text{H}=10^{21}\,\text{cm}^{-2}$, with a $4\sigma$ confidence
level).  On the other hand, SSS$_{1}$ was detected in revolution 192
and 195 \citep{Kong2003} but not in the last two revolutions where the
detection limiting flux is of
$\sim1.2\pm0.6\times10^{36}\,\text{erg}\,\text{s}^{-1}$ in both cases.
SSS$_{2}$ has not been detected in any of the 5 \textsl{ROSAT}\xspace observations,
although it would have been detectable in the first four \textsl{ROSAT}\xspace
observations (where the detection limit was
$<3.3\pm1.1\times10^{37}\,\text{erg}\,\text{s}^{-1}$) if it had had a
luminosity similar to what has been found in the \textsl{XMM-Newton}\xspace data.  In the
optical images, including data from the Optical Monitor on \textsl{XMM-Newton}\xspace, no
counterpart has been found to be bright enough to coincide with either
of the SSSs and nor does the SIMBAD catalogue list possible
counterparts.  Because SSS$_{2}$ is located close to the center of
NGC~300, the optical detection limit is high: 21.7\,mag, 21.7\,mag,
21.4\,mag in the B, V, and R band respectively.  For SSS$_{1}$,
located in one of the spiral arms of the galaxy, no optical
counterpart brighter than $m_\text{V}=24.5\,\text{mag}$ coincides with
the source, therefore excluding  the presence of an O or early B
companion star \citep[see][ for the optical field around the
source]{Carpano2005}.

\begin{figure}
  \resizebox{\hsize}{!}{\includegraphics[bb=20 8 333 297,clip=true]{5609fig2.ps}}
 \caption{MOS and pn 0.2--2.0\,keV light curve of SSS$_{2}$ in
   revolution 998 (top) and 1092 (bottom).  Periods of high background
   have been excluded from the data. The horizontal line shows the
   fitted mean value.  Times given are barycentric and measured in
   seconds from 1998 January 1 (MJD 50814.0).}
 \label{fig:light}
\end{figure}

Fig.~\ref{fig:light} shows the light curve of SSS$_{2}$ in revolutions
998 and 1092.  Periods of high background have been excluded from the
data. The light curve does not present large fluctuations. To test the
significance of the source variability, we fit a constant value to the
light curves (binned to 1000\,s), and, from the resulting $\chi^2$ (9
for 18\,dof, in rev. 998, and 31 for 33\,dof, in rev. 1092), we find
that the source is variable with a probability of 5\% and 42\%, for
revolution 998 and 1092, respectively.  Using periodograms and
epoch-folding, no short-time periodic signal was found on timescales
from 5\,sec to 30\,ksec.

\begin{figure}
  \resizebox{\hsize}{!}{\includegraphics[bb=113 44 563 708,clip=true,angle=-90]{5609fig3.ps}}
  \resizebox{\hsize}{!}{\includegraphics[bb=113 44 563 708,clip=true,angle=-90]{5609fig4.ps}}
 \caption{pn and MOS spectra of source SSS$_{2}$ observed in
   revolution 998 (top) and 1092 (bottom), and the best fit spectral
   model. Bottom of each spectrum: residuals expressed in $\sigma$.}
 \label{fig:spec}
\end{figure}

\begin{table*}
 \centering
 \caption{Results of the spectral fits for SSS$_{2}$,
   using an absorbed blackbody model (\texttt{phabs+bbody}, in XSPEC),
   where $N_\text{H}$ is the column density of neutral hydrogen, $kT$
   the temperature and $\chi^2_{\nu}$/dof is the reduced chi-square
   and the number of degrees of freedom. The corresponding
   0.2--2\,keV\xspace flux, and absorbed luminosities, as well as the
   bolometric luminosities, are shown in the last three
   columns. Uncertainties are given at a 90\% confidence level, except
   for the bolometric luminosity, where they are at 99\%.}
  \label{tab:spec_fit}
 \begin{tabular}{lllllll}
 \hline
source (rev.) &  $N_\text{H}(\times 10^{20}\,\text{cm}^{-2})$  & $kT$ (eV) & $\chi^2_{\nu}$/dof &  $F_{0.2-2}$ (\,cgs) &  $L_{0.2-2}^{\text{obs}}$ (\,cgs) &   $L^{\text{bol}}$ (\,cgs)\\[3pt]
\hline
SSS$_{2}$ (998) & $8.02^{+2.20}_{-1.53}$ & $54^{+3}_{-4}$ & $1.03$/$43$ & $1.18^{+1.07}_{-0.96}\times 10^{-13}$ & $4.99^{+4.54}_{-4.06}\times 10^{37}$ &  $8.12^{+1.39}_{-4.47}\times 10^{38}$\\[3pt]
SSS$_{2}$ (1092)& $5.82^{+1.97}_{-2.39}$ & $62^{+6}_{-4}$ & $1.16$/$31$ & $0.71^{+0.39}_{-0.49}\times 10^{-13}$ & $3.01^{+1.66}_{-2.07}\times 10^{37}$ &  $2.21^{+0.45}_{-1.40}\times 10^{38}$\\[3pt]
  \hline
   \end{tabular}
\end{table*}

Fig.~\ref{fig:spec} shows the spectra and the best fit spectral model
of SSS$_{2}$ for revolutions 998 and 1092. The data were
  binned to have at least 35 counts in each energy bin. Results of the
spectral fits, the corresponding 0.2--2\,keV\xspace flux absorbed
luminosities, and the bolometric luminosities are given in
Table~\ref{tab:spec_fit}.  During revolution 1092 SSS$_{2}$ is
situated on an EPIC-pn CCD gap.  For this observation the
flux/luminosities are calculated from the MOS1 data alone.  We tried
to describe the data with several spectral models, including
bremsstrahlung, power-law, blackbody and disk blackbody. The blackbody
and disk blackbody are the only models that provide a reasonable value
for the reduced $\chi^2$, ($\chi^2_{\nu}<1.2$). The spectral fit
parameters and flux resulting from the disk blackbody model are very
similar to that provided by the simple blackbody model.  Therefore,
for simplicity, we assume the simple blackbody model in the rest of
the paper.  As suggested by \cite{Mukai2005}, we also tried an ionized
model for the absorption (implemented in XPSEC as \texttt{absori}),
but the spectral parameters corresponding to this model cannot be
constrained and the best-fit model is a neutral absorber (ionization
state $\xi=0$).

From the results of Table~\ref{tab:spec_fit} we see that within
6~months the absorbing column slightly decreased (although the
associated errors are very large), the temperature increased, and the
observed luminosity dropped by a factor of $\sim$1.7.

Bolometric luminosities of supersoft sources are difficult to
determine due to the large uncertainty associated with the absorbing
column.  In our case, a blackbody model associated with photo-electric
absorption provides a low $\chi^2$ value ($\chi^2_\nu<1.05$) and any
other suitable model does not significantly change the bolometric
luminosity.  Using these considerations, we therefore conclude that
the high luminosity of SSS$_{2}$, which is above the Eddington
luminosity of a white dwarf, excludes the presence of unbeamed
emission from steady nuclear burning of hydrogen accreted onto a white
dwarf. In the next section we discuss the models that could
explain the nature of the SSSs observed in NGC~300 after summarizing
the information we have on the previously known SSS$_{1}$.

\section{The nature of SSS$_{1}$ and SSS$_{2}$}
\label{sec:discus}
\subsection{What do we know about SSS$_{1}$?}
SSS$_{1}$ is a transient source: the observed luminosity changed by at
least a factor of $\sim$35 (we measured an observed luminosity of
$4\times10^{37}\,\text{erg}\,\text{s}^{-1}$ while the \textsl{XMM-Newton}\xspace detection
threshold is $\sim 1.2\times10^{36}\,\text{erg}\,\text{s}^{-1}$).  The
source has been detected in the \textsl{ROSAT}\xspace data of 1992 May/June
\citep{Read2001} and in the \textsl{XMM-Newton}\xspace data of 2002 December/2001 January
\citep{Kong2003,Carpano2005}. In the highest luminosity state, the
source could have been observed in the \textsl{ROSAT}\xspace data of 1991
November/1992 January, 1994 June and 1995 May, and certainly in the
\textsl{XMM-Newton}\xspace observations of 2005 May and November. The source has thus been
detected in two epochs spaced by $\sim$8 years.  \cite{Kong2003} performed
a deep analysis of the source and found it to be very luminous
($10^{38}$--$10^{39}\,\text{erg}\,\text{s}^{-1}$) and very soft
($kT\sim60$\,eV).  Using the most recent calibration files, we
re-evaluated the bolometric luminosity of SSS$_{1}$ to
$6.2^{+1.3}_{-3.9}\times10^{38}\,\text{erg}\,\text{s}^{-1}$ in
revolution 192 and
$3.3^{+0.7}_{-2.0}\times10^{38}\,\text{erg}\,\text{s}^{-1}$ in
revolution 195, at a confidence level of 99\%.

\cite{Read2001} reported that the count rate of SSS$_{1}$ in 1992 May
($7.4\pm0.8\,\text{cts}\,\text{ks}^{-1}$) is equivalent to that of
1992 June ($7.5\pm0.8\,\text{cts}\,\text{ks}^{-1}$). This result
suggests that the duration of the outburst decline is several months
and that the decrease in luminosity within the 6\,days separating the
two first \textsl{XMM-Newton}\xspace observations is just a short term flux modulation.  In
the light curve of SSS$_{1}$ during revolution 195, there are two
luminosity decreases lasting $\sim$5\,ksec, separated by $\sim$20\,ksec.
Using a Lomb-Scargle periodogram analysis \citep{Lomb1976,Scargle1982},
\cite{Kong2003} claim that the modulation present in the light curve
is periodic at a confidence level $>$99.9\% and conclude that this
periodicity could be associated with the orbital period of the system.
Assuming white noise variability, however, is not an adequate
assumption for X-ray binaries where many systems show strong
variability on timescales of hours.  Using the Monte Carlo approach of
\cite{benlloch:01a}, we re-evaluated the confidence level assuming a
red-noise process instead of pure white noise. We found that the
5.4\,h period is significant only at the 68\% confidence level.  Much
longer observations than the existing ones are therefore required
to be able to associate the 5.4\,h feature with some periodic
signal, which might or might not be related to the orbital period of
the system.

The properties of SSS$_{1}$ make it a very similar source to
SSS$_{2}$.  They both can be modelled with absorbed blackbodies with a
temperature of $\sim60\,$eV, they both present transient behaviour,
and their maximal bolometric luminosities observed in X-rays
are in both cases close to $10^{39}\,\text{erg}\,\text{s}^{-1}$.  The
SSSs in NGC~300 therefore have a luminosity in their high state that
classifies them as intermediate between the well-known `classical'
SSSs and the ultraluminous SSSs. As we discussed in
Sect.~\ref{sec:int}, this kind of system has not been well studied and
only a few such sources have been reported.  \cite{Orio2005}
observed a variable SSS in M~31, r3-8, with a luminosity in
the high state at $\sim6\times10^{38}$\,erg\,s$^{-1}$.  Two other SSSs
were observed in M~81 and one in M~101
\citep{Swartz2002,DiStefano2003}, all with
$L_\text{bol}\sim4\times10^{38}\,\text{erg}\,\text{s}^{-1}$.  The few
observations of these SSSs, however, cannot establish a possibly
transient behaviour nor the highest luminosity levels reached by the
sources.

\subsection{Interpretations for the high and soft state of the sources}
The most natural explanation for these SSSs would be a steady nuclear
burning of hydrogen accreted onto a white dwarf (WD). However, as
shown in the previous section, the bolometric luminosity is above the
Eddington limit for a $1.4\,\text{M}_\odot$ compact object
($1.82\times10^{38}\,\text{erg}\,\text{s}^{-1}$). To explain the
nature of the variable ultraluminous supersoft X-ray source in the
Antennae, \citet{Fabbiano2003} suggested beamed
emission from nuclear burning onto a WD, with a beaming factor,
$b=L/L_{\text{sph}} = 0.01$ , where $L_{\text{sph}}$ is the inferred
isotropic luminosity of the blackbody and $L$ the true source
luminosity.  They suggest that the most likely cause of the anisotropy
would be a warping of the accretion disk.  In our case the beaming
factor would be only of $\sim$0.25.

Another model, suggested by \citet{Kong2003}, \citet{Kong2004}, and
\citet{Swartz2002} to explain the luminous SSS(s) present in NGC~300,
M~101 and M~81, respectively, is the presence of an intermediate-mass
black hole in the source. Assuming a blackbody model, with
$kT\sim60$\,eV, a luminosity of
$1\times10^{39}\,\text{erg}\,\text{s}^{-1}$, and assuming that the
X-ray emission comes from the innermost stable orbit, \citet{Kong2003}
estimate the mass of the black hole to $\sim 2800\,\text{M}_{\odot}$.
For our SSS, this hypothesis seems very unlikely: when observed in the
`high' state, this massive black hole would emit only at $<0.3\%
$ of its Eddington limit ($3.64\times10^{41}\,\text{erg}\,\text{s}^{-1}$),
and much lower in the quiescent state. However, as reported by
\cite{Nowak1995} for stellar-mass black holes, below a few percent of
the Eddington luminosity, the sources are dominated by hard
non-thermal emission and soft emission is only observed once the
source luminosity increases by several percent of the Eddington
luminosity.

Another model was suggested by \cite{Mukai2003} and
\cite{Fabbiano2003} to explain the SSS ULX in M~101 and in the
Antennae, respectively. In this model, when material is accreted above
the Eddington rate, the excess of matter is ejected from the inner
part of the disk. The electron scattering opacity induced by the
wind/outflow involves supersoft blackbody emission from a photosphere
of $10^8$--$10^9$\,cm. \cite{King2003} re-analysed this model in more
detail: assuming a radial outflow with an outflow rate
$\dot{M}_{\text{out}}$ in a double cone occupying a solid angle $4 \pi
b$, at a constant speed, they showed that the outflow is Compton-thick
for $\dot{M}_\text{out}\sim\dot{M}_\text{Edd}$. This result is true
for $b\sim1$, when scattering of photons from the sides of the outflow
is negligible, and for $b\ll1$, when scattering is dominant.  The
emission is therefore mainly thermalized and observed as a soft
spectral component \citep{King2003}. The authors also evaluated the
temperature of this soft blackbody component as:
\begin{equation}
T_\text{eff}=1\times10^5 g^{-1/4} \dot{M}_1^{-1} M_8^{3/4}\,\text{K}
\label{equ:teff}
\end{equation}
where $g(b)=1/b$ or $1/(2b^{1/2})$ (for $b\sim1$ or $b\ll1$),
$\dot{M}_1=\dot{M}_{\text{out}}/(1\,\text{M}_{\odot}\text{yr}^{-1})$,
and $M_8=M/10^8\,\text{M}_\odot$, and $M$ is the mass of the
  accretor.
These results confirm the hypothesis and observations of
the SSS ULX from \cite{Mukai2003} and \cite{Fabbiano2003}.
For the SSSs in NGC~300, the accretion rate $\dot{M}=L/(\eta
  \text{c}^2)$, where $L$ is the luminosity and $\eta$ the radiative
  efficiency, is $\sim1.4\times\,10^{-7}\text{M}_\odot
  \text{yr}^{-1}$, if we take a typical value of $\eta=0.1$. This
  accretion rate value is not extreme considering that the system is
  observed in a high/outburst state.  Furthermore, assuming the source
  is close to the Eddington limit, where
  $\dot{M}_{\text{out}}\sim\dot{M}$, we are able to estimate the mass
  of the accreting object, using equation\,\ref{equ:teff}.  Fixing the
  temperature at 60~eV and the luminosity at
  8$\times$10$^{38}$\,erg\,s$^{-1}$, the mass is
\begin{equation}
  M=0.037 \left[ \frac{g^{1/4}}{\eta} \right] ^{4/3} \text{M}_\odot
\end{equation}
Except for very low values of $b$ ($\lesssim0.1$), $g^{1/4}$
  is between 1 and 2, while $\eta$ goes from 0.06 for a non-rotating
  black hole to 0.42 for an maximally rotating black hole. This
  results in a mass range between $\sim$$0.1\,M_\odot$ and
  $4\,M_\odot$, i.e., at the lower limit of the mass range for black
  holes in our Galaxy.

As a last model, we consider the viewing angle dependence of the
emission of supercritical accretion flows \citep{Watarai2005}, i.e.,
accretion flows with a mass accretion rate that is so large that the
accretion disk becomes geometrically thick due to enhanced radiation
pressure. In this case, if the binary system is viewed at high
inclination, the outer part of the disk occults its inner parts, such
that only the very soft spectrum from the outer disk is observable.
For such a flow around a $10\,\text{M}_\odot$ black hole,
\citet{Watarai2005} showed that the emitted spectrum resembles  a
2\,keV blackbody at low inclination angle ($i<40^\circ$) and looks
like a 0.6\,keV blackbody at $i>60^\circ$.  Consequently, when viewed
edge-on, such a system will appear very faint. This is also the
argument given by \cite{Narayan2005} to explain why none of their 20
studied black hole X-ray binaries present eclipses. In our case,
although with 60\,eV the observed temperature is still lower than in
the example given by \citet{Watarai2005} for a $10\,M_{\odot}$ black
hole, we believe that this model is consistent with our observations.
When the outburst state observed in SSS$_2$ begins to decline, an inner
part of the disk would be visible, explaining the harder blackbody
component in the spectrum of rev.\ 1092.

\section{Conclusions}
\label{sec:conc}
We report the discovery of a new luminous supersoft
source in the 2005 May \textsl{XMM-Newton}\xspace observation of NGC~300. The
previously known luminous supersoft source detected by \textsl{ROSAT}\xspace and the
previous \textsl{XMM-Newton}\xspace data was below detectability.  This latter source
already appeared highly variable in the \textsl{ROSAT}\xspace observations.

No object in the SIMBAD catalogue is associated with the new SSS, and,
from the optical data, no counterpart brighter than $\sim$21.7\,mag
($\sim$24.5\,mag for the previous known SSS) has been found.

The X-ray spectrum is well described by an absorbed blackbody at
temperatures of $kT$$\sim$60\,eV. The bolometric luminosity, in the
highest observed state, is
$8.1^{+1.4}_{-4.5}\times10^{38}\,\text{erg}\,\text{s}^{-1}$ and dropped to
$2.2^{+0.5}_{-1.4}\times10^{38}\,\text{erg}\,\text{s}^{-1}$ six months
later.

The SSSs in NGC~300 are brighter than ``classical'' SSSs, for which
steady nuclear burning of hydrogen accreted onto white dwarfs has been
suggested to explain their nature. They are too faint, however, to be
classified as ultraluminous sources. We summarized several possible
explanations for their nature. These involve beaming emission from a
WD, intermediate-mass black hole (IMBH) or a stellar-mass black hole with
matter outflow or observed at high inclination angle. Except the one
including IMBH, which seems unlikely in our case, all models are
consistent with our observations.

\begin{acknowledgements}
  This paper is based on observations with \textsl{XMM-Newton}, an ESA
  science mission with instruments and contributions directly financed
  by the ESA Member States and the USA (NASA), and on observations
  made with ESO Telescopes at the La Silla observatory and retrieved
  from the ESO archive.  We acknowledge partial support from DLR grant
  50OX0002.  This work was  supported by the BMBF through
  the DLR under the project 50OR0106, by the BMBF through DESY under
  the project 05AE2PDA/8, and by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
  under the project SCHN~342/3-1.
\end{acknowledgements}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


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Expat Insider 2022
Enjoying the High Quality of Life in Taiwan
In Taiwan, expats are particularly happy with the high quality of life, the ease of settling in, and their personal finances.
Taiwan does best in the Quality of Life Index (2nd), only beaten by Spain, and makes it into the top 10 for many related factors. The Health & Well-Being Subcategory is a particular highlight since Taiwan ranks first overall and first for all its factors. Expats find healthcare affordable (100% vs. 61% globally) and widely available (98% vs. 73% globally), and 88% say that they have access to all the healthcare services they need (vs. 67% globally).
Beyond that, Taiwan ranks first in the world for personal safety. While nearly all expats (98%) feel generally safe there (vs. 81% globally), 84% even feel completely safe in Taiwan, compared to 47% globally.
Lots to Do & Easy to Get There
Travel & Transit (7th) is another highlight about life in Taiwan. Expats describe public transportation as affordable (94% vs. 70% globally) and easily available (90% vs. 73% globally). The vast majority of expats (90%) also finds it easy and safe to get around on foot and/or bicycle (vs. 77% globally). "I enjoy living in a beautiful place with world-class infrastructure and services," shares a British expat.
In fact, while not among the top 10, Taiwan still lands in a good 16th place in the Leisure Options Subcategory. More than four in five expats (82%) enjoy the culinary variety and dining options (vs. 77% globally). They are also happy with the culture and nightlife (66% vs. 67% globally) and the opportunities for recreational sports (73% vs. 75% globally).
According to 75% of expats, green goods and services — such as renewable energy, organic food, and sustainable products — are easily available in Taiwan (vs. 64% globally). Despite this, Taiwan ranks only 21st in the Environment & Climate Subcategory, which is mainly due to the low air quality (41st). More than three in ten expats (31%) are unhappy with this factor, compared to 19% globally.
Feeling Welcome
Expats find it very easy to get settled in Taiwan, ranking the destination sixth in this index. More than three-quarters (78%) feel welcome there (vs. 66% globally), and 53% even feel completely welcome (vs. 30% globally). It is easy to make local friends (50% vs. 42% globally), and most expats have a personal support network (67% vs. 59% globally). In fact, one-quarter of expats (25%) are mainly friends with local residents (vs. 17% globally).
"I am happy that I can experience life in Taiwan with the warm-hearted friends I made here," shares an expat from Vietnam. More than four in five expats (84%) describe the local residents as generally friendly (vs. 66% globally), and 53% even find them very friendly (vs. 30% globally).
Satisfying Salaries — Affordable Lifestyle
While Taiwan only comes 22nd in the Working Abroad Index, it gets another top ranking for one of its factors: 85% of expats feel paid fairly for their work (based on industry, qualifications, role, etc.), compared to 62% globally. This also might explain why they are satisfied with their financial situation (70% vs. 60% globally), and 55% state that their disposable household income is enough to lead a comfortable life (vs. 45% globally). "It is less expensive here to enjoy a high-quality, modern standard of living, including healthcare, fitness, food, and so on," shares a US American expat.
Missing Flexibility, Creativity & Independence
However, working in Taiwan also has its downsides. The destination ranks 39th in the Work Culture & Satisfaction Subcategory and even ends up among the bottom 10 when it comes to flexibility at work (47th). More than two in five expats (41%) say that the local business culture does not support flexibility, such as remote work or flexible working hours, compared to 19% globally. Furthermore, it neither encourages creativity (41% unhappy vs. 26% globally) nor does it promote independent work and/or flat hierarchies (46% unhappy vs. 28% globally). Overall, 15% of expats do not see a purpose in their work (vs. 9% globally), and 19% are generally dissatisfied with their jobs (vs. 16% globally).
Easy to Handle Admin Tasks Online
Lastly, Taiwan lands in a mediocre 23rd place in the Expat Essentials Index, receiving its best results in the Digital Life Subcategory (15th). It does rank among the top 5 worldwide for the ease of getting high-speed internet access at home (4th) and the unrestricted access to online services (3rd). What is more, 63% are happy with the availability of administrative/government services online, which is just slightly above the global average (61%). On the other hand, Taiwan lands among the bottom 10 for the ease of paying without cash (43rd). While 79% are still happy with this factor, this share is below the global average of 84%.
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Which Type of Brochure is Best For My Business?
A brochure is the perfect way to represent your business in many different locations at once. It's not possible for you to always be there when a potential client has a question or concern, but your brochure can help. To ensure your brochure is as effective as possible, you want something that is clear and informative, engaging and memorable.
A good brochure will do a good job of clearly outlining what your company is all about and what you have to offer. A poor brochure can lead to confusion, frustration and push your client to a competitor.
The challenge becomes knowing what type of brochure is best for your specific business. There are many different styles and designs to choose from, but not just any brochure will necessarily work for you.
These are by far the most simple in design and the least expensive to print. Flyer brochures are usually one-sided on a 8.5 x 11 inch sheet of paper. They rely heavily on copy and print design to inform the reader of who you are and sell your product or service.
Flyer brochures are perfect to have sitting out in your office or shop for your customers to grab as they go or for handing out.
Sticking with simplicity, two panel brochures offers 4 areas or pages of copy and design allowing you to either get more specific about certain aspects of your company, or strategically use design to keep your customer engaged. They are definitely a step up from a flyer and look a bit more professional. Beware – these are not as easy to design as you might think. It's best to work with a professional when it comes to designing and printing two panel brochures.
Leave two panel brochures behind after a sales call or when working a booth at a convention.
As we move into trifold brochures, there are some distinct design options that should be considered. The Barrel Style Trifold folds in to the center with the left side going over the right, while the Z-Fold is more of an accordion style. When you have a large amount of information to convey or several products you are highlighting, a trifold can be very beneficial. The tricky thing with trifold brochures is avoiding information overload. Sometimes too much information can be a turn off.
Many companies have used trifold brochures successfully as inserts or as direct mail pieces.
These are just a few examples of the most popular types of brochures. You'll be able to know which type of brochure will work best for your company as you work on the specific message you want to convey. If you just want to quickly inform and notify your potential customer about your company, the flyer brochure may be the best. If you have several different products or services to sell, you might consider a trifold instead.
When you work with Printing Solutions, we can help you design and produce a highly effective brochure that is sure to present your company in the most effective way. To find out how to get started, give us a call at 480-596-6300.


This Wednesday, October 18 sees the release of three new comics from Titan.
Torchwood: The Culling Issue #1 is a brand-new story continuing the Torchwood mythos, written by John Barrowman with Carole Barrowman. This new issue features the debut of the mysterious character, Sladen. Who is she and what connection does she have to Captain Jack?
Also out the sixth part of the Doctor Who 2017 event - THE LOST DIMENSION - which features the Void-corrupted forces of UNIT attacking The Doctor, Bill, Nardole and The Doctor's Daughter, Jenny, and Doctor Who: Tenth Doctor Year Three #10 - the finale to the epic Vortex Butterflies arc.
Captain Jack and his Torchwood operatives aboard the alien tech-filled ship the Ice Maiden managed to thwart a plot by the alien Navigators to harvest the Earth, abetted by the Vervoids. Now, the team must help the planet recover, and continue to look for answers amidst the wreckage. But there's something – someone! –emerging from Station Zero, where the final battle took place... something that will change Jack and Gwen's lives forever!
The Vortex Butterfly's identity has finally been unveiled... but the Doctor is distraught to discover that this entity is none other than his beloved companion, Gabby! Vortex Butterfly Gabby insists that he left her behind, in every possible timeline, and she was forced to build her own world from pieces of space and time. Meanwhile, present Gabby (staying in London with Cindy and Sarah Jane Smith) is experiencing strange things too – her powers have brought her drawings to life!ething – someone! –emerging from Station Zero, where the final battle took place... something that will change Jack and Gwen's lives forever!
An unknown force is striking from the depths of space, emerging as impossibly-large white holes over civilized planets, absorbing or annihilating everything that lives.
This force has spread throughout all of time, challenging the Doctor in all of his incarnations.
Jenny, the Doctor's daughter, crash-landed back into the Twelfth Doctor's life, only to find that the anti-energy she had been fleeing from had already arrived on Earth –corrupting the forces of UNIT and terrorising the Doctor and Bill!


text:
Minari: A forgotten voice waiting to be heard
variety.com
THE SUCCESS TO FARMING: After rejecting an offer to purchase a divining rod to find water, Jacob teaches his son, David, where they should dig for water, which is needed for farming.
Ashley Lee, A&E Editor
It seems almost unimaginable to discuss Lee Isaac Chung's "Minari" without mentioning the numerous nominations and awards the film has received, and its controversy for not being eligible for the Best Picture category at the Golden Globes.
However, since these important issues have already been discussed to great extents, movie viewers should focus on the story at heart. "Minari" is about a family surviving in an unexpected environment they must soon learn to call home, a comforting story that, although centered on immigrants from South Korea in the 1980s, many can relate to.
The film begins as Jacob (Steven Yeun) and Monica Yi (Han Ye-ri) bring their children, Anne (Noel Cho) and David (Alan Kim), from California to Arkansas hoping to find success through farming. While Jacob is overly optimistic, Monica is doubtful and David and Anne seem to be unaware of their parents' concerns.
Monica's mother, Soon-ja (Youn Yuh-jung), soon arrives from South Korea. At first, David is uncomfortable around her as she seems to be doing all the wrong things: calling him "pretty" instead of "good-looking" and not being able to bake cookies. But eventually, she forms a loving bond with David and begins to plant minari, a leafy vegetable often used in Korean dishes. While planting the seeds, she explains to David that minari is resilient and will grow anywhere, the theme of the film.
After Soon-ja plants minari, the family only revists it at the end of the film. Yet, the minari survives even without Jacob's care, symbolic of South Korean immigrants. Planted in a foreign environment, they carried the stereotype of being submissive for decades and lived without much attention or help from society.
Beyond resilience, "Minari" is about parental sacrifice, another aspect that made the film so relatable. Each of the parents makes a conscious effort to create a better life for their children: Jacob and Monica work and Soon-ja leaves the comfort of her home to help her daughter. With the difficulties Jacob faces in his relationship with Monica and his efforts on the farm, the film adds another layer of complexity that makes the audience question what the American dream truly means and how pursuing one's passion can potentially impact the rest of the family.
What made the film so personal was that it was based on the true story of director Lee Isaac Chung and his memories growing up on a farm with his parents. But Chung made many efforts to prevent his personal memories from getting in the way of the creative process, an example being how he changed the family name from Chung (his own name) to Yi.
"I think one of the things that I had to establish for myself quite early on was the rule that this is not my parents and this is not me or my family, that somehow this has to become a family that exists solely in the film of Minari," Chung said in an interview with the National Public Radio. "Once I [changed the name], I really invested in that idea and gave myself the freedom to just let them be themselves."
Because of Chung's choice to prioritize creative freedom, the actors and actresses took measures to make their characters come to life. For example, Han revised parts of the translated script to make it sound more natural in Korean. And Youn worked with a neurologist to make sure she was moving only certain parts of her body during the scenes when Soon-ja has a stroke.
In addition to the exceptional efforts from the cast, the details of South Korean culture embedded in "Minari'" add authenticity. By mentioning everything from the traditions of a patriarchal household and society (like when Monica was unaware that they would be living in a mobile house) to attending church to the theme of parental sacrifice, the film alludes to several customs that both first and second generations of Korean Americans can relate to.
Unlike many blockbusters, a majority of the film isn't very dramatic. There isn't a turning point when a hero sweeps in to save the day; no one can save them except themselves. For some viewers, the film may feel very uneventful, but this is the advantage of the storyline. With the calming atmosphere of the farm and melancholy music, the focus remains on the relationships each character maintains throughout the film.
Without relying on tropes, the tear-jerking moments or cliche storylines, "Minari"' tells a forgotten story of survival, proving once more that the greatest strength of an indie film is its ability to resonate in the hearts of the audience.
Ashley Lee is a Northwood senior and the A&E Editor for The Howler....


text:
Вале́рий Па́влович Петро́в  (; 2 марта 1955, Севастополь — 8 марта 2022) — советский футболист, нападающий, позже тренер. В последнее время — главный тренер сборной Республики Крым. Мастер спорта СССР.

Окончил Симферопольский государственный университет (факультет физического воспитания) и Высшую школу тренеров в Киеве (диплом категории А).

Биография

Клубная карьера
Петров во время игры в качестве футболиста играл на позиции нападающего. Он выступал за севастопольский «Авангард», провёл 105 матчей и забил 44 мяча. Позже играл за симферопольскую «Таврию». Вместе с командой стал победителем Первой лиги СССР 1980 и вышел в Высшую лигу. Всего за «Таврию» провёл 135 матчей и забил 35 мячей.

Карьера тренера
Как тренер Петров работал с керченским «Океаном», севастопольской «Чайкой». В марте 1997 года начал работать в симферопольской «Таврии». Позже работал исполняющим обязанности главного тренера «Таврии» в сезонах 1998/99 (13 матчей) и 2001/02 (25 матчей). Затем возглавлял клуб «Севастополь» и работал в таких командах, как херсонский «Кристалл» и армянский «Титан».

С 2006 года по 2008 год он возглавлял молодёжный состав «Таврии». С декабря 2008 года работал в клубе в качестве спортивного директора.

После того как Сергея Пучкова уволили с поста главного тренера, Валерий Петров вновь стал исполняющим обязанности главного тренера 23 сентября 2010 года. Через несколько дней он перевёл из дубля в основной состав команды Игоря Гришина, Владимира Коробку, Антона Шиндера и Игоря Солнцева, а в обратном направлении отправились Николай Кашевский и Антон Муховиков. При Петрове «Таврия» играла по схеме 4-3-3. Свой первый матч в качестве исполняющего обязанности главного тренера в 2010 году он провёл против «Карпат» (3:1), тогда «Таврия» сенсационно обыграла львовян. В матче против мариупольского «Ильичёвца» (2:2) Петров решил дать шанс молодому игроку Владимиру Коробке, который в этом матче сделав дубль в конце матча и сохранил за командой одно очко. В ноябре 2010 года в дубль были переведены лидеры «Таврии» — Александр Ковпак, Денис Голайдо и Илья Галюза, позже все они покинули расположение клуба. Также первая половина сезона 2010/11 запомнилась победой над «Севастополем» и «Металлистом». А главным открытием первой половины можно считать Шиндера, которого Петров перевёл из молодёжного состава.

В декабре 2010 года стало известно, что Валерий Петров будет работать с командой до конца сезона, также была поставлена задача — занять место не ниже шестого. В зимнее трансферное окно клубом было подписано значительное количество игроков — Браун, Граф, Каблаш, Кахриман, Клепчарек, Ситало и Шпичич, также клуб подписал Опарина и Причиненко — сыновей бывший игроков «Таврии». Из всех новичков основным игроком команды стал лишь сербский вратарь Дамир Кахриман.

После поражения от аутсайдера Премьер-лиги мариупольского «Ильичёвца» (5:1) Петров был отстранён от должности исполняющего обязанности главного тренера команды, на его место был поставлен Александр Шудрик. После отстранения от должности Петров остался работать в системе клуба на посту спортивного директора. В весенней части сезона под руководством Петрова «Таврия» смогла одержать всего две победы и четыре раза сыграла вничью.

Поддержал присоединение Крыма к России, остался жить в Крыму, позже стал сотрудником Крымского футбольного союза, где отвечал за детско-юношеский футбол и ветеранское движение.

18 ноября 2016 г. был назначен главным тренером сборной Крыма, созданной по решению руководства Крымского футбольного союза.

Скончался 8 марта 2022 года от последствий коронавирусной инфекции на 68-м году жизни, похоронен в Севастополе.

Достижения
 Победитель Первой лиги СССР: 1980

Личная жизнь
 Был женат, есть сын.

Примечания

Ссылки
 Профиль на официальном сайте ФК «Таврия»

Футболисты СССР
Игроки ФК «Чайка» Севастополь
Игроки ФК «Таврия»
Футбольные тренеры СССР
Футбольные тренеры Украины
Тренеры ФК «Чайка» Севастополь
Тренеры ФК «Нива» Винница
Тренеры ФК «Таврия»
Тренеры ФК «Черноморец» Севастополь
Тренеры ФК «Севастополь»
Тренеры ФК «Титан» Армянск
Выпускники Таврического национального университета им. В. И. Вернадского
Умершие от COVID-19 в Крыму
Похороненные в Севастополе


Song lyrics by LodedDiper. Check-out these awesome song lyrics by the artist, learn every word of your favourite song and sing it like LodedDiper. Get one of the 3 lyrics and watch the video by artist LodedDiper.


But it's also Exam Week at the University of Maradaine, where Veranix is a magic student. With his academic career—and future as a mage—riding on his performance, Veranix needs to devote himself entirely to studying and participating in a fellow student's thesis experiment. There's no time to go after Fenmere or the Red Rabbits.
Then a series of strange pranks begins to plague the campus, using a form of magic that Veranix doesn't recognize. As the pranks grow increasingly deadly, it becomes clear that there's someone with a vendetta against the university, and the Thorn may be the only one capable of stopping them. Between the prankster, the war brewing between the Aventil gangs, and the flamboyant assassins Fenmere has hired to kill him, Veranix may end up dead before the week is out. Which just might be preferable to taking his exams….


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