text:
Real Betis Balompié vs Atlético Madrid Prediction / Odds | Oct 23, 2022
in La Liga, Picks, Soccer
On Sunday, Real Betis (6W-2L-2D; 20 points), in a Europa League position, will welcome Atlético Madrid (6W-2L-2D; 20 points), who are presently in a Champions League position. Kick off at Estadio Benito Villamarín is at 4:15 PM CEST. Real Betis have won six instances in the most recent 10 matches as they head into this match with the home advantage. In comparison, the visiting Atlético Madrid have had six wins in the last 10 matches and are one of the top teams in the LaLiga standings, which also brings with it the possibility of playing in the UCL tournament.
Real Betis and Atlético Madrid last took on each other on March 6, 2022, a match which ended in a victory for Madrid. Real Betis have a record of 5-3-2 in their last 10 fixtures against Atlético Madrid. In their most recent 10 matches these two have met one another, Real Betis has scored four total goals, compared to Atlético Madrid's 14.
Picks, Predictions, and Betting Preview for the Real Betis Balompié vs Atlético Madrid LaLiga Match on October 23, 2022
Where: Estadio Benito Villamarín – Seville, Spain
When: 4:15 PM CEST on Sunday, October 23, 2022
Betting on Real Betis Balompié
Record: 6-2-2 | League Standing: 5
Real Betis come into this match with a record of six wins, two losses, and two draws over 10 games. The club has won an impressive six of their most recent 10 matches and have netted a total of 13 goals while conceding 6. This has mainly been thanks to the energy shown by Borja Iglesias and Juanmi. In their last, Real Betis drew against Cádiz CF 0-0.
Real Betis does not have an updated list of missing players at the moment.
Betting on Atlético Madrid
Atlético Madrid head into this match with 20 points. They are in a Champions League position and their record right now has seen them pick up six wins, two losses, and two draws over the course of 10 matches. The team has won an admirable six of their most recent 10 matches and they have bagged a total of 16 goals so far, giving up 8. Their top players Alvaro Morata and Antoine Griezmann have scored five and three respectively. In their last match on Tuesday, Atlético Madrid shared the points with Rayo Vallecano de Madrid 1-1.
Atlético Madrid does not have an updated list of missing players at the moment.
Real Betis vs Atlético Madrid | Moneyline, Over/Under and Spread Odds
Moneyline Pick: Atlético Madrid (+135) at FanDuel
Real Betis Balompié are considered the favorite by many soccer fans and oddsmakers. The club could be having a more fruitful month, coming into this matchup with a winning percentage of 25% so far this October (one win, one loss and two draws). Comparatively, Atlético Madrid holds a winning percentage of 75% so far this month (three wins, no losses and one draw).
Over/Under Pick: Under 2.5 Total Goals (-155) at BetMGM
Real Betis have secured an average of one goals so far this month. Atlético Madrid however, have averaged five goals up through now this month for comparison.
Spread Pick: Atlético Madrid -0.5 Goals (+129) at MyBookie.ag
Atlético Madrid will need to win by the amount of the spread or more in order to cover.
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text:
Q: Verilog: Mix of blocking and non-blocking assignments to variable  is not a recommended coding practice I have the following Verilog code:
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//
//  Xilinx, Inc. 2010                 www.xilinx.com
//
//  XAPP xxx - 1:5 Differential Data De-serializer
//
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//
//  File name :       serdes_1_to_5_diff_data.v
//
//  Description :     This module instantiates IODELAY2 and ISERDES2 primitives
//                    to receive TMDS differential data in 1:5 format
//
//  Note:
//
//  Author :    Bob Feng
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//
//  Disclaimer:
//
//    This disclaimer is not a license and does not grant any rights to the materials
//    distributed herewith. Except as otherwise provided in a valid license issued to you
//    by Xilinx, and to the maximum extent permitted by applicable law:
//    (1) THESE MATERIALS ARE MADE AVAILABLE "AS IS" AND WITH ALL FAULTS,
//    AND XILINX HEREBY DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES AND CONDITIONS, EXPRESS, IMPLIED, OR STATUTORY,
//    INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, NON-INFRINGEMENT, OR
//    FITNESS FOR ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE; and (2) Xilinx shall not be liable (whether in contract
//    or tort, including negligence, or under any other theory of liability) for any loss or damage
//    of any kind or nature related to, arising under or in connection with these materials,
//    including for any direct, or any indirect, special, incidental, or consequential loss
//    or damage (including loss of data, profits, goodwill, or any type of loss or damage suffered
//    as a result of any action brought by a third party) even if such damage or loss was
//    reasonably foreseeable or Xilinx had been advised of the possibility of the same.
//
//  Critical Applications:
//
//    Xilinx products are not designed or intended to be fail-safe, or for use in any application
//    requiring fail-safe performance, such as life-support or safety devices or systems,
//    Class III medical devices, nuclear facilities, applications related to the deployment of airbags,
//    or any other applications that could lead to death, personal injury, or severe property or
//    environmental damage (individually and collectively, "Critical Applications"). Customer assumes
//    the sole risk and liability of any use of Xilinx products in Critical Applications, subject only
//    to applicable laws and regulations governing limitations on product liability.
//
//  THIS COPYRIGHT NOTICE AND DISCLAIMER MUST BE RETAINED AS PART OF THIS FILE AT ALL TIMES.
//
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

`timescale 1ps/1ps

module serdes_1_to_5_diff_data # (
  parameter DIFF_TERM = "TRUE",
  parameter SIM_TAP_DELAY = 49,
  parameter BITSLIP_ENABLE = "FALSE"
)(
  input  wire        use_phase_detector,  // '1' enables the phase detector logic
  input  wire        datain_p,            // Input from LVDS receiver pin
  input  wire        datain_n,            // Input from LVDS receiver pin
  input  wire        rxioclk,             // IO Clock network
  input  wire        rxserdesstrobe,      // Parallel data capture strobe
  input  wire        reset,               // Reset line
  input  wire        gclk,                // Global clock
  input  wire        bitslip,             // Bitslip control line
  output wire [4:0]  data_out             // Output data
);

  wire       ddly_m;
  wire       ddly_s;
  wire       busys;
  wire       rx_data_in;
  wire       cascade;
  wire       pd_edge;
  reg  [8:0] counter;
  reg  [3:0] state;
  reg        cal_data_sint;
  wire       busy_data;
  reg        busy_data_d;
  wire       cal_data_slave;
  reg        enable;
  reg        cal_data_master;
  reg        rst_data;
  reg        inc_data_int;   //THIS LINE (81) IS CAUSING THE ERROR
  wire       inc_data;
  reg        ce_data;
  reg        valid_data_d;
  reg        incdec_data_d;
  reg  [4:0] pdcounter;
  wire       valid_data;
  wire       incdec_data;
  reg        flag;
  reg        mux;
  reg        ce_data_inta ;
  wire [1:0] incdec_data_or;
  wire       incdec_data_im;
  wire [1:0] valid_data_or;
  wire       valid_data_im;
  wire [1:0] busy_data_or;
  wire       all_ce;

  wire [1:0] debug_in = 2'b00;

  assign busy_data = busys ;

  assign cal_data_slave = cal_data_sint ;

  /////////////////////////////////////////////////
  //
  // IDELAY Calibration FSM
  //
  /////////////////////////////////////////////////
  always @ (posedge gclk or posedge reset)
  begin
  if (reset == 1'b1) begin
    state <= 0 ;
    cal_data_master <= 1'b0 ;
    cal_data_sint <= 1'b0 ;
    counter <= 9'h000 ;
    enable <= 1'b0 ;
    mux <= 1'h1 ;
  end
  else begin
      counter <= counter + 9'h001 ;
      if (counter[8] == 1'b1) begin
      counter <= 9'h000 ;
      end
      if (counter[5] == 1'b1) begin
      enable <= 1'b1 ;
      end
      if (state == 0 && enable == 1'b1) begin       // Wait for IODELAY to be available
      cal_data_master <= 1'b0 ;
      cal_data_sint <= 1'b0 ;
      rst_data <= 1'b0 ;
        if (busy_data_d == 1'b0) begin
        state <= 1 ;
      end
      end
      else if (state == 1) begin          // Issue calibrate command to both master and slave, needed for simulation, not for the silicon
        cal_data_master <= 1'b1 ;
        cal_data_sint <= 1'b1 ;
        if (busy_data_d == 1'b1) begin        // and wait for command to be accepted
          state <= 2 ;
        end
      end
      else if (state == 2) begin          // Now RST master and slave IODELAYs needed for simulation, not for the silicon
        cal_data_master <= 1'b0 ;
        cal_data_sint <= 1'b0 ;
        if (busy_data_d == 1'b0) begin
          rst_data <= 1'b1 ;
          state <= 3 ;
        end
      end
      else if (state == 3) begin          // Wait for IODELAY to be available
        rst_data <= 1'b0 ;
        if (busy_data_d == 1'b0) begin
          state <= 4 ;
        end
      end
      else if (state == 4) begin          // Wait for occasional enable
        if (counter[8] == 1'b1) begin
          state <= 5 ;
        end
        end
        else if (state == 5) begin          // Calibrate slave only
        if (busy_data_d == 1'b0) begin
          cal_data_sint <= 1'b1 ;
          state <= 6 ;
        end
      end
        else if (state == 6) begin          // Wait for command to be accepted
        cal_data_sint <= 1'b0 ;
        if (busy_data_d == 1'b1) begin
          state <= 7 ;
        end
      end
      else if (state == 7) begin          // Wait for all IODELAYs to be available, ie CAL command finished
          cal_data_sint <= 1'b0 ;
        if (busy_data_d == 1'b0) begin
          state <= 4 ;
        end
      end
  end
  end

always @ (posedge gclk or posedge reset)        // Per-bit phase detection state machine
begin
if (reset == 1'b1) begin
  pdcounter <= 5'b1000 ;
  ce_data_inta <= 1'b0 ;
  flag <= 1'b0 ;              // flag is there to only allow one inc or dec per cal (test)
end
else begin
  busy_data_d <= busy_data_or[1] ;
    if (use_phase_detector == 1'b1) begin       // decide whther pd is used
    incdec_data_d <= incdec_data_or[1] ;
    valid_data_d <= valid_data_or[1] ;
    if (ce_data_inta == 1'b1) begin
      ce_data = mux ;
    end
    else begin
      ce_data = 64'h0000000000000000 ;
    end
      if (state == 7) begin
      flag <= 1'b0 ;
    end
      else if (state != 4 || busy_data_d == 1'b1) begin // Reset filter if state machine issues a cal command or unit is busy
      pdcounter <= 5'b10000 ;
        ce_data_inta <= 1'b0 ;
      end
      else if (pdcounter == 5'b11111 && flag == 1'b0) begin // Filter has reached positive max - increment the tap count
        ce_data_inta <= 1'b1 ;
        inc_data_int <= 1'b1 ;
      pdcounter <= 5'b10000 ;
      flag <= 1'b1 ;
    end
        else if (pdcounter == 5'b00000 && flag == 1'b0) begin // Filter has reached negative max - decrement the tap count
        ce_data_inta <= 1'b1 ;
        inc_data_int <= 1'b0 ;
      pdcounter <= 5'b10000 ;
      flag <= 1'b1 ;
      end
    else if (valid_data_d == 1'b1) begin      // increment filter
        ce_data_inta <= 1'b0 ;
      if (incdec_data_d == 1'b1 && pdcounter != 5'b11111) begin
        pdcounter <= pdcounter + 5'b00001 ;
      end
      else if (incdec_data_d == 1'b0 && pdcounter != 5'b00000) begin  // decrement filter
        pdcounter <= pdcounter + 5'b11111 ;
      end
      end
      else begin
        ce_data_inta <= 1'b0 ;
      end
    end
    else begin
    ce_data = all_ce ;
    inc_data_int = debug_in[1] ;
    end
end
end

assign inc_data = inc_data_int ;

assign incdec_data_or[0] = 1'b0 ;             // Input Mux - Initialise generate loop OR gates
assign valid_data_or[0] = 1'b0 ;
assign busy_data_or[0] = 1'b0 ;

assign incdec_data_im = incdec_data & mux;          // Input muxes
assign incdec_data_or[1] = incdec_data_im | incdec_data_or;      // AND gates to allow just one signal through at a tome
assign valid_data_im = valid_data & mux;          // followed by an OR
assign valid_data_or[1] = valid_data_im | valid_data_or;     // for the three inputs from each PD
assign busy_data_or[1] = busy_data | busy_data_or;       // The busy signals just need an OR gate

assign all_ce = debug_in[0] ;

IBUFDS #(
  .DIFF_TERM    (DIFF_TERM))
data_in (
  .I            (datain_p),
  .IB           (datain_n),
  .O            (rx_data_in)
);

//
// Master IDELAY
//
IODELAY2 #(
  .DATA_RATE            ("SDR"),
  .IDELAY_VALUE         (0),
  .IDELAY2_VALUE        (0),
  .IDELAY_MODE          ("NORMAL" ),
  .ODELAY_VALUE         (0),
  .IDELAY_TYPE          ("DIFF_PHASE_DETECTOR"),
  .COUNTER_WRAPAROUND   ("STAY_AT_LIMIT"), //("WRAPAROUND"),
  .DELAY_SRC            ("IDATAIN"),
  .SERDES_MODE          ("MASTER"),
  .SIM_TAPDELAY_VALUE   (SIM_TAP_DELAY)
) iodelay_m (
  .IDATAIN              (rx_data_in),      // data from IBUFDS
  .TOUT                 (),                // tri-state signal to IOB
  .DOUT                 (),                // output data to IOB
  .T                    (1'b1),            // tri-state control from OLOGIC/OSERDES2
  .ODATAIN              (1'b0),            // data from OLOGIC/OSERDES2
  .DATAOUT              (ddly_m),          // Output data 1 to ILOGIC/ISERDES2
  .DATAOUT2             (),                // Output data 2 to ILOGIC/ISERDES2
  .IOCLK0               (rxioclk),         // High speed clock for calibration
  .IOCLK1               (1'b0),            // High speed clock for calibration
  .CLK                  (gclk),            // Fabric clock (GCLK) for control signals
  .CAL                  (cal_data_master), // Calibrate control signal
  .INC                  (inc_data),        // Increment counter
  .CE                   (ce_data),         // Clock Enable
  .RST                  (rst_data),        // Reset delay line
  .BUSY                 ()                 // output signal indicating sync circuit has finished / calibration has finished
);

//
// Slave IDELAY
//
IODELAY2 #(
  .DATA_RATE            ("SDR"),
  .IDELAY_VALUE         (0),
  .IDELAY2_VALUE        (0),
  .IDELAY_MODE          ("NORMAL" ),
  .ODELAY_VALUE         (0),
  .IDELAY_TYPE          ("DIFF_PHASE_DETECTOR"),
  .COUNTER_WRAPAROUND   ("WRAPAROUND"),
  .DELAY_SRC            ("IDATAIN"),
  .SERDES_MODE          ("SLAVE"),
  .SIM_TAPDELAY_VALUE   (SIM_TAP_DELAY)
) iodelay_s (
  .IDATAIN              (rx_data_in),  // data from IBUFDS
  .TOUT                 (),            // tri-state signal to IOB
  .DOUT                 (),            // output data to IOB
  .T                    (1'b1),        // tri-state control from OLOGIC/OSERDES2
  .ODATAIN              (1'b0),        // data from OLOGIC/OSERDES2
  .DATAOUT              (ddly_s),      // Slave output data to ILOGIC/ISERDES2
  .DATAOUT2             (),            //
  .IOCLK0               (rxioclk),     // High speed IO clock for calibration
  .IOCLK1               (1'b0),
  .CLK                  (gclk),        // Fabric clock (GCLK) for control signals
  .CAL                  (cal_data_slave), // Calibrate control signal
  .INC                  (inc_data),       // Increment counter
  .CE                   (ce_data),        // Clock Enable
  .RST                  (rst_data),       // Reset delay line
  .BUSY                 (busys)        // output signal indicating sync circuit has finished / calibration has finished
);

//
// Master ISERDES
//

ISERDES2 #(
  .DATA_WIDTH       (5),
  .DATA_RATE        ("SDR"),
  .BITSLIP_ENABLE   (BITSLIP_ENABLE),
  .SERDES_MODE      ("MASTER"),
  .INTERFACE_TYPE   ("RETIMED"))
iserdes_m (
  .D                (ddly_m),
  .CE0              (1'b1),
  .CLK0             (rxioclk),
  .CLK1             (1'b0),
  .IOCE             (rxserdesstrobe),
  .RST              (reset),
  .CLKDIV           (gclk),
  .SHIFTIN          (pd_edge),
  .BITSLIP          (bitslip),
  .FABRICOUT        (),
  .Q4               (data_out[4]),
  .Q3               (data_out[3]),
  .Q2               (data_out[2]),
  .Q1               (data_out[1]),
  .DFB              (),
  .CFB0             (),
  .CFB1             (),
  .VALID            (valid_data),
  .INCDEC           (incdec_data),
  .SHIFTOUT         (cascade));

//
// Slave ISERDES
//

ISERDES2 #(
  .DATA_WIDTH       (5),
  .DATA_RATE        ("SDR"),
  .BITSLIP_ENABLE   (BITSLIP_ENABLE),
  .SERDES_MODE      ("SLAVE"),
  .INTERFACE_TYPE   ("RETIMED")
) iserdes_s (
  .D                (ddly_s),
  .CE0              (1'b1),
  .CLK0             (rxioclk),
  .CLK1             (1'b0),
  .IOCE             (rxserdesstrobe),
  .RST              (reset),
  .CLKDIV           (gclk),
  .SHIFTIN          (cascade),
  .BITSLIP          (bitslip),
  .FABRICOUT        (),
  .Q4               (data_out[0]),
  .Q3               (),
  .Q2               (),
  .Q1               (),
  .DFB              (),
  .CFB0             (),
  .CFB1             (),
  .VALID            (),
  .INCDEC           (),
  .SHIFTOUT         (pd_edge));

reg [7:0] rxpdcntr = 8'h7f;
always @ (posedge gclk or posedge reset) begin
  if (reset)
    rxpdcntr <= 8'h7f;
  else if (ce_data)
    if (inc_data)
      rxpdcntr <= rxpdcntr + 1'b1;
    else
      rxpdcntr <= rxpdcntr - 1'b1;
end

endmodule

I keep getting the following error when I try to generate a netlist for this design in Xilinx Platform Studio:
ERROR:HDLCompiler:1511 - "/home/eamorr/Desktop/Dropbox/UCD/digitalEye/Atlys_HDMI_PLB_demo/project/pcores/hdmi_in_v1_00_a/hdl/verilog/serdes_1_to_5_diff_data.v" Line 82: Mix of blocking and non-blocking assignments to variable <inc_data_int> is not a recommended coding practice.
ERROR:EDK:546 - Aborting XST flow execution!
ERROR:EDK:440 - platgen failed with errors!
make: *** [implementation/system_microblaze_0_wrapper.ngc] Error 2

I'm totally stuck and don't know what to do.

A: For inferring sequential logic for synthesis, you should use nonblocking assignments (<=) instead of blocking assignments (=).  For example, change:
  ce_data = mux ;

to:
  ce_data <= mux ;

A: That is from the HDMI example on the website digilentic I assume.
Look at all the inc_data_int assignments:
inc_data_int <= 1'b1 ;
inc_data_int <= 1'b0 ;
inc_data_int = debug_in[1] ;

I would comment out the last one since I assume it is for debugging purposes.
(I got the HDMI working like that.)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Questa voce raccoglie le informazioni riguardanti il Club Sportivo Cagliari nelle competizioni ufficiali della stagione 1928-1929.

Stagione

Rosa

1928-1929

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Q: Parse string with square brackets to json I would like to parse this string to Json:
String str="[{\"property\":\"insert_date\",\"direction\":\"ASC\"}]"

I have tried with this:
dynamic myObject=Newtonsoft.Json.JsonConvert.DeserializeObject(str)

but it returns some JArray.
I would like to read values simple like:
String dir=myObject.direction;

One option is to parse string and remove square object from string. Than it would work. But i would like to do it on more proper way.

A: One way is to create a class and deserialize it as a List<ThatClass>.
For example:
public class Foo
{
    [JsonProperty("property")]
    public string Property { get; set; }
    [JsonProperty("direction")]
    public string Direction { get; set; }
}

and use it like this:
var foos = JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<List<Foo>>(str);
var foo = foos.First();
Console.WriteLine(foo.Direction);

The other way is using dynamic, and simply accessing the first element of the JArray:
String str = "[{\"property\":\"insert_date\",\"direction\":\"ASC\"}]";
dynamic objects = JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<dynamic>(str);
Console.WriteLine(objects[0].direction);

A: Well I suppose you simply need to do this:
String dir = myobject[0].direction;

It could be the best option I think


If you've ever come across an estate planning workshop, book, or any other type of similar material, you've probably noticed that most of the advice contained within is aimed at seniors and married couples. There is very little information out there about how a single person should begin estate planning, or even why a single person needs an estate plan. Though single people are the least likely to have any kind of estate plan, they are in just as much need as their married counterparts. Let's take a look at why.
If you are injured or fall ill to the extent that you are no longer able to make choices or communicate, this is known as legal incapacity. Someone who is legally incapacitated has to have someone else pointed by a court who can make decisions on that person's behalf. If you don't have an estate plan, you have no way of choosing who this person is. On the other hand, you can create an estate plan that will allow you to choose who you wish to serve as your decision-maker.
If you're a single parent, it is even more important for you to create an estate plan because without it you will have no control over who will become your child's guardian if you should die or become incapacitated. Whether the other parent is involved in the child's life or not, you have the right to select whom you wish to serve as a guardian should you no longer be able to act as parent.


text:
Q: Display sum of item quantity in PDF export I'm having issues displaying total quantity of all items at the bottom of my PDF export script I'm using with my Wordpress site.
I've been able to display total quantity of each item using
<?php echo esc_html( $item->get_quantity() ) ?>

Then I want to calculate the sum of all item quantities and show that as a single figure at the bottom of the table
Would I use
echo sum_array ( $item->get_quantity() )

A: I hope you are showing each quantity via some loop, if yes then before loop define a variable like
$sum = 0;

Now change  code like this (inside loop):

  <?php
     $sum += (int)$item->get_quantity();
     echo esc_html( $item->get_quantity() ) ?>

And now in the end use this $sum variable to show total quantity.
<?php echo $sum;?>


text:
The Ironman Triathlon is one of the most grueling and well-respected physical tests out there. Infamous for its length and difficulty, completing an Ironman is no easy feat.
1 What Is An Ironman?
2 Average Ironman Times
2.1 Men
2.2 Swimming
2.3 Cycling
2.4 Marathon
2.5 Total
4 Age Groups
Anyone attempting an Ironman triathlon will have trained for months (or even years) prior, and many still struggle to complete it.
However, that's not to say it's impossible. And while completing an Ironman is a great achievement on its own, it's still technically a race. So whether you're attempting your first Ironman or simply want to know where you rank, this is the article for you.
It will take a look at the average completion time by gender and age, as well as breaking down each section and the time it takes to complete.
Are you ready? Then let's get started!
What Is An Ironman?
First of all, you should know what an Ironman is. As the name would suggest, the Ironman is a triathlon, consisting of three different challenges.
These are a swimming portion, a cycling section, and a final marathon run. Each of these segments is a massive challenge to complete due to their length and the fact that they come back to back.
Ironman Triathlons are renowned for their length, being substantially longer than most others. For an Ironman, you must complete a 2.4-mile swim, a 112-mile bike ride, and a 26.2-mile run. By contrast, an Olympic Triathlon is considerably shorter, with a 0.93-mile swim, a 24.8-mile cycle, and a 6.2-mile run.
This length makes the Ironman an incredibly difficult endurance challenge, and as such, the average time for completion is much longer than other triathlons.
Average Ironman Times
There is a wide range of times across all demographics, which (when combined with the extremely long times) makes calculating an exact average difficult.
Overall, men had shorter times than women, usually completing an Ironman approximately one hour faster. For both genders, the cycling section takes the longest time to complete due to its massive duration.
The best performing age group is the same across both genders, with the best participants being aged between 25-40 years of age. The age also peaks around 30-35 for both men and women.
While the overall times differ between demographics, certain parts of the triathlon take longer for women to complete than men, even when considered in proportion to the total time.
These times have been broken down below, sorted by gender, the part of the triathlon, the total time, and the age brackets.
Overall, men tend to complete the Ironman in less time than women, with men aged between 30-40 performing the best out of all demographics. The overall average time for an Ironman amongst men is 12 hours and 38 minutes.
As the shortest section of an Ironman, the swimming section is predictably the quickest to complete. On average, a man will take 1 hour and 18 minutes to complete the 2.4-mile swim.
The cycling segment takes the longest for both genders. The average male participant will finish the 112-miles in 6 hours and 13 minutes, just under half of the entire triathlon.
Although it is less than a quarter of the length of the bike section, the extended 26.6-mile marathon will still take the average man 4 hours and 50 minutes.
Including an average of 17 minutes in transition times between the three sections, the average time for a man to complete an Ironman is 12 hours and 38 minutes.
On average, women take longer to complete an Ironman. Despite this, there are many parallels between the average man's performance and the average woman's.
Once again the shortest part of the triathlon, there isn't much difference between the men's and women's times for the swim. The average time for a woman to complete the swim is 1 hour and 23 minutes, just 5 minutes slower than the average for men.
The main difference in times comes from the 112-mile cycle, which takes 6 hours and 45 minutes on average. This half-hour difference makes up for half of the total time difference between men and women.
After the previous sections, the 26.2-mile run is the home stretch. While faster than the cycling part, it will still take women an average of 5 hours and 10 minutes to complete.
With the addition of 17 minutes for transition times, the total average time for women to complete an Ironman is 13 hours and 35 minutes, just under an hour longer than the average man.
Different age demographics perform differently. Older participants will take longer to complete an Ironman, and participants who are especially young may also struggle more with the challenge.
As mentioned previously, the ideal age range for both genders is between 25-40 years old, with people aged 30-35 having the best times.
Men and women aged between 65-70 take the longest to finish, with an average time of around 15 hours.
Participants who are younger than 25 years old also have slower times, although they still have a faster average time than the overall average for both genders.
Women aged under 25 typically finish under 13 and a half hours, while men of the same age range complete it in a little under 13 hours.
Men aged between 30-40 have the best times on average, coming in at just over 12 hours.
The hour difference between men and women stays relatively consistent across all age groups, only changing when reaching ages above 60.
But no matter your gender or age, if you want to go for an Ironman the only target you need to achieve is the one you set for yourself. If you put in the effort and training to complete an Ironman, your time isn't the most important thing. The main accomplishment is finishing in the first place.
So whether you're participating in your first Ironman, or wanting to beat your own time, the only thing left to do is give it your all.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ilnX2S2628U
Video can't be loaded because JavaScript is disabled: Average Triathlon Swim, Bike, Run, Finish For EVERY AGE GROUP (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ilnX2S2628U)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


A hidden gem… For lovers of subtle purple and paisley this is a very wearable shirt. David has chosen the finest quality pure cotton that is not only breathable, it just gets better with time. A perfect choice to take you anywhere.


Caska is a small and quiet village with a rich history, located near the famous Zrće beach and just 2.5 km from Novalja.
Most of the houses are located next to the beautiful long pebble beach, ideal for a family holiday.
In the Caska today once stood Cissa which was the largest Roman settlement on the island of Pag. The remains of old houses and fortifications, along with parts of the aqueduct that supplied water to Cissa and its port Novalja (lat. navalia - port), are still visible today. If you dive into the underwater world of Caska, you will see the remains of the buildings, but most of the sunken city cannot be seen because of the layers of mud, sand and seaweed.
Among the historical sights stands out the old tower - the tuna observatory. This unique structure overlooking the bay of Caska was built to help the hunting for tuna that once were gathering here in schools.
On the hill above Caska you can see the ruins of the Romanesque church of San Giorgio with a number of spolia from the early Middle Ages and early Christian era, but you can also enjoy an unforgettable view of the most famous Croatian beach Zrće and the entire Bay of Pag.


Cancer in Adolescents and Young Adults is a practical guide to cancer care in adolescents and young adults. It considers the impact of diagnosis on individuals, and their families, as well as examining the impact on the health professionals responsible for their care. There are sections focussing on the adolescent's experience of cancer and ongoing care needs during treatment, and on life after cancer, including rehabilitation and palliative care. Builds on the forthcoming NICE guidelines on Supportive Cancer Care for Children & Young People, and recent Department of Health guidelines & policy initiatives Adopts an integrated inter-professional approach Contains evidence-based contributions from leading professionals in cancer care Cancer in Adolescents and Young Adults is an essential resource for all those involved with the provision of care and support for adolescents and young adults with cancer. About the Editors: Dr Daniel Kelly is Reader in Cancer & Palliative Care, Middlesex University, London. Dr Faith Gibson is Senior Lecturer in Children's Nursing Research, Institute of Child Health, Great Ormond Street Hospital and King's College London.
Gain the unique approach to enhance relapse prevention in harmful behavior treatment Social Responsibility Therapy for Adolescents and Young Adults: A Multicultural Treatment Manual for Harmful Behavior is a crucial treatment manual that can be used by mental health professionals whose caseload includes a multicultural population of adolescents and young adults who exhibit multiple forms of harmful behavior. This unique therapy enhances relapse prevention in harmful behavior treatment by addressing the target behavior problem, negative social influence problem, and dose-response problem, along with acknowledging that harmful behavior is multicultural and addressing the key criticisms of multicultural therapy through a theory-driven treatment approach that utilizes methods and procedures from existing evidence-based treatments with known multicultural applications. Social Responsibility Therapy for Adolescents and Young Adults: A Multicultural Treatment Manual for Harmful Behavior provides a comprehensive explanation of Social Responsibility Therapy, its advantages, and the intervention evidence-base for multiple forms of harmful behavior. This text discusses in detail the multicultural intervention approach, its rationale, and content. Implementation methods and treatment protocol are explored. The book includes illustrated case studies, tables, figures, and references to additional available readings. Topics discussed in Social Responsibility Therapy for Adolescents and Young Adults: A Multicultural Treatment Manual for Harmful Behavior include: evidence-based procedures used in Structured Discovery learning experiences to target harmful behavior helping clients discover how they acquired, maintained, and generalized a broad range of harmful behavior addressing target behavior problems, negative social influence problems, and the dose-response problem five areas of human functioning that are critical to the wellbeing of self and others which can only be addressed through psychotherapy and forensic parenting developing prosocial behavior alternatives which contribute to both relapse prevention and personal development and much more! Social Responsibility Therapy for Adolescents and Young Adults: A Multicultural Treatment Manual for Harmful Behavior is an essential resource for social workers, counselors, psychologists, and psychiatrists whose caseloads include a multicultural population of young people who exhibit multiple forms of harmful, abusive behavior.
Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Adolescents and Young Adults: An Emotion Regulation Approach provides a unique focus on therapeutic practice with adolescents and young adults, covering everything from psychological theories of adolescence to the treatment of common emotional difficulties. Beginning with a review of development through adolescence into adulthood, and the principles of CBT, the book highlights problems with traditional models of CBT for adolescents and young adults. In a fresh approach, this book separates CBT from diagnosis and grounds it instead in emotion science. Adolescents and young adults learn not about disorders and symptoms, but about emotions, emotional traps', and how they can use CBT to bring about change. There are chapters on fear, sadness, anger, emotion dysregulation, and happiness. Each chapter provides an outline of emotion science, a clear cognitive behavioural formulation (trap'), and evidence-based interventions. Clinicians are walked through the process using case illustrations. Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Adolescents and Young Adults represents a transformation of CBT practice, and will become a valuable treatment manual to training and practising mental health professionals, especially psychotherapists specialising in CBT.
Alcohol continues to be the substance of choice for today's youth, leading to serious physical, psychological, and social consequences. Alcohol Problems in Adolescents and Young Adults ably addresses this growing trend. The latest entry in the Recent Developments in Alcoholism series, it comprehensively presents a wide-ranging clinical picture of teen drinking - epidemiology, neurobiology, behavioral phenomena, diagnostic and assessment issues, prevention and treatment data - in a developmental context. Fifty expert contributors display the scientific rigor, practical wisdom, and nuanced analysis that readers have come to expect from previous volumes. Among the subjects studied in depth: - Initiation of alcohol use/abuse - Risk and protective factors for alcohol dependence - High-risk adolescent populations - Drinking habits of college students - Long-range consequences of teenage drinking - Family-, school-, and community-based prevention programs - Treatment of comorbid substance and psychiatric disorders Clinicians, researchers, and policy makers will find this a bedrock source of evidence-based knowledge, whether one's goal is choosing an age-appropriate assessment tool for eighth graders, preventing drinking among high school students, or understanding the alcohol-friendliness of campus culture. Here is a critical resource for all professionals dedicated to helping youngsters grow up sober.
Archie. Bleyer. . Karen. H . Albritton. . . Lynn. A G . Ries. . Ronald. Barr contents 1. 1 introduction 1. 1 introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Tis is the frst textbook of its type, a comprehensive 1. 2 epidemiology. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 treatise on cancer in adolescents and young adults who . 1 2 1. Classifcation. System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 . 1 2 2 . Incidence. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 are 15 to 29 years of age when diagnosed. Te impetus . 1 2 2 1. Age-Specifc. Incidence . . . . . . 3 for this book is the lack of attention that has been paid . 1 2 2 2 . Gender-Specifc. Incidence. . . . 3 to this age group, scientifcally, therapeutically, psych -o . 1 2 2 3. Ethnicity-Specifc. Incidence. . . 4 socially, and economically. During the past half-cen- . 1 2 2 4. Types. of . Cancer. . . . . . . . . . . 4 tury, children (younger than 15 years of age) with can- . 1 2 2 5. Trends. in. Incidence. . . . . . . . . 6 . 1 2 3. Mortality. and. Survival. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 cer have been a singular focus of treatment and . 1 2 3 1. . Age-. and. Gender-Specifc. research. Te advances among children with cancer Mortality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 have been among the most dramatic in the history of . 1 2 3 2 . Ethnicity-Specifc. Mortality. . . . 8 medicine, and the cooperative infrastructure that has . 1 2 3 3. Trends. in. Mortality. . . . . . . . . 8 supported this success has been among the most orga- . 1 2 4. Survival. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 . 1 2 4 1. Conditional. Survival. . . . . . . 12 nized in the history of science. In 1971, the US National . 1 2 5. Etiology. and. Risk. Factors. . . . . . . . . . .
The young ob/gyn patient presents unique problems different from the mature woman but which training often neglects. This user-friendly, practical book provides generous coverage of all aspects of pre-womanhood gynecology. Ranging from the commonest problems to the less common but urgent, it emphasizes diagnosis, special care and management throughout.
Bringing together intellectual and scientific experts from pediatrics, adolescent medicine, general medicine, pathology, biology, nursing and psychology, this book is the first of its kind to cover the topics of leukemias and lymphomas in young patients ranging from infants to young adults. The content is organized and subdivided into four major sections — under the main headings of General Considerations, Pathobiology, Clinical Manifestations and Treatment, and Supportive Care and Complications — for ease of reference to readers. Hematological Malignancies in Children, Adolescents and Young Adults presents a comprehensive multidisciplinary review of the field of hematological malignancies and brings forth illuminating perspectives from an internationally recognized group of leading authorities in the field.
Treating Complex Trauma in Adolescents and Young Adults is the first empirically-validated, multi-component manual to guide practitioners and students in the treatment of multi-traumatized adolescents and young adults. Best-selling author, John Briere, and renowned clinician, Cheryl Lanktree, outline a hands-on, culturally-sensitive approach to the most challenging of young clients: those suffering from complex trauma histories, multiple symptoms, and, in many cases, involvement in a range of problematic behaviors. This model, Integrated Treatment of Complex Trauma for Adolescents (ITCT-A), integrates a series of approaches and techniques, which are adapted according to the youth's specific symptoms, culture, and age. Components include relationship-building, psychoeducation, affect regulation training, trigger identification, cognitive processing, titrated emotional processing, mindfulness training, collateral treatments with parents and families, group therapy, and system-level advocacy.
Health is a key component of human development, growth and quality of life. The Health, Medicine and Human Development book series aim to provide a public forum for book publications from a multidisciplinary group of researchers, practitioners and clinicians for an international professional forum interested in the broad spectrum of health, medicine and human development. We welcome research on a wide variety of substantive areas that will promote and impact healthy human development including prevention, intervention and care also among people in vulnerable conditions.
Psychosomatic Disorders in Adolescents and Young Adults covers the proceedings of the 1960 Conference, held by the Society for Psychosomatic Research at the Royal College of Physicians, London. This conference considers psychosomatic disorders occurring between the ages of 15-25 years and discusses the mental transformation from childhood to adult maturity. This book is organized into eight sessions encompassing 26 chapters. The first two sessions review the concepts of mental health and the psychosexual development in adolescence. The next sessions looks into the issues of teenage pregnancy, menstrual disorders, emotional sweating, male sexual disorders, epilepsy in adolescence, and psychosomatic aspects of acne vulgaris. These topics are followed by discussions on stress-related disorders, including tuberculosis and acute appendicitis. The remaining sessions describe certain aspects of mental transformation, such as the link between family and emotional maturity and fitness for marriage.
This book discusses the most important practical aspects involved in providing multidisciplinary Adolescent and Young Adult (AYA) services for cancer patients. It draws on international experience in several continents of establishing and running such services and provides a contemporary, practical approach to AYA care based on accumulated experience. It is of interest to those establishing or seeking to improve AYA services as well as those already caring for AYA cance patients. Among topics discussed are incidence trends and treatment pathways, accessto clinical trialsfor adolescents, transition from pediatric to adult services, psychological support and social care as well as survivorship and fertility. This book is of value of those establishing new services, those developing an existing service and those whose work includes the care of AYA patients. It is an important companion for pediatricians, oncologists as well as o ther medical, nursing and allied health professionals caring for Adolescents and Yound Adults with cancer.
This book describes and explains how caring for adolescents and young adults with cancer (AYA) has developed into what is now a recognized and distinct field of nursing practice. It captures current innovative nursing practices and interventions which have developed over the past 25 years across the globe and are supported by research and evidence achieved in many European and international oncology settings. By outlining and describing educational needs of the AYA cancer nursing profession, this book supports its education and professional development for the nursing profession and serves to develop and disseminate nurses' competencies worldwide. During the last decade, AYA have gained increased attention in healthcare. Today, it is recognized that AYA with cancer have distinct needs that are different to both children and older adults. Young people are in a unique developmental and transitional phase of their lives; thus, their treatment, perspectives and experie nces have been addressed in research and the body of knowledge is growing accordingly. Some books are available that describe AYA cancer care, service delivery and aspects of age appropriate care but this volume will be the first to focus on how nurses contribute to AYA cancer care in practice. It will appeal to the AYA clinical nurses in cancer care, as well as to multidisciplinary healthcare professionals and healthcare professionals who support formal nursing education programmes, training and development in practice.
This pragmatic guide spells out how to use motivational interviewing (MI) to have productive conversations about behavior change with adolescents and young adults in any clinical context. Filled with vivid examples, sample dialogues, and "dos and don'ts," the book shows how conducting MI from a developmentally informed standpoint can help practitioners quickly build rapport with young patients, enhance their motivation to make healthy changes, and overcome ambivalence. Experts on specific adolescent problems describe MI applications in such key areas as substance abuse, smoking, sexual risk taking, eating disorders and obesity, chronic illness management, and externalizing and internalizing behavior problems. This book is in the Applications of Motivational Interviewing series, edited by Stephen Rollnick, William R. Miller, and Theresa B. Moyers.
This concise guide takes a practical approach to adolescent and young adult (AYA) rheumatology, aiming to cover the needs of any healthcare professional dealing with young people aged 10-24 years. Each chapter contains key management points for readers to readily access disease-specific management as well as highlighting specific AYA issues which differ from pediatric and adult practice. The coverage is comprehensive but concise and designed to act as a primary reference tool for subjects across the field of rheumatology. The book is designed for pediatric/adult rheumatologists, primary care physicians, nurses, allied health professionals and other professionals to understand each topic covered and to take a practical approach to delivering developmentally appropriate rheumatology health care.
With a foreword by Nancy Garden, the highly acclaimed author of Young Adult Fiction, this thoughtfully written annotated bibliography reviews picture books, young adult fiction, short stories nonfiction works and biographies for young readers. Entries specify the age level appropriateness of each work as well as literary awards received for the work. Each annotation is followed by a list of topics in the work which the user will find cross-referenced in the topic index. With additional recommendations on books for librarians, educators and parents, and a set of suggested guidelines for evaluating books, this user-friendly guide is valuable as both a reader resource and as collection development tool. The guide also provides author profiles of selected writers who have made outstanding contributions to this field of literature. This information is complemented by inspiring author quotes, photographs, and lists of their books categorized by age level appropriateness. The up-to-date information on helpful resources for teens and their families found here along with a select bibliography and additional indices make this comprehensive guide a powerful and important reference tool for helping young gay and lesbian readers.
This one-stop cross-cultural selective guide to recent retellings of myths and hero tales for children and young adults will enable teachers and library media specialists to select comparative myths and tales from various, mostly non-European cultures. The focus is on stories from Native America, Asia, Africa, the Middle East, Central and South America, and Oceania. The Guide contains extensively annotated entries on 189 books of retellings of myths and hero tales, both ancient and modern, from around the world published between 1985 and 1996. Represented are 1,455 stories suitable for use with young people from mid-elementary through high school. The entries, arranged alphabetically by writer, contain complete bibliographic data, age and grade levels, and evaluative annotations. Seven indexestitle, author, illustrator, culture, story type, name, and grade levelmake searching easy. The story type index will enable teachers to select comparative myths and tales from different cultures on more than 50 types of myths and hero tales. Among the many myth types cited are origin of human beings and the world, comparative social customs and rituals, natural and heavenly phenomena, animal appearance and behavior, searches and quests, and tricksters. Among the hero tale types are fools and buffoons, kings and queens, warriors, monster slayers, important female figures, magicians, voyagers and adventurers, and spiritual leaders. The Guide concludes with a bibliography of retellings published earlier that have come to be considered standard works.


Richard Propes of The Independent Critic reviews Justin Hannah's "Consignment"
Richard Propes of The Independent Critic posted this incredibly insightful review of Justin Hannah's "Consignment." The Independent Critic features Hollywood and independent film reviews, celebrity interviews, and film festival coverage from Richard Propes. Propes, an award-winning writer and activist, has served on the juries for Fylmz.com, Indiana's Lake County Film Festival, The Indianapolis International Film Festival, and Indy LGBT Film Festival.
If you watch writer/director Justin Hannah's short film Consignment the first time through and think to yourself "I've got it," then more than likely Hannah has simply drawn you into this dark yet mesmerizingly beautiful story about possession and illusion and longing and, indeed, about the darkest parts of love.
I would dare say that you haven't "got it," but Consignment is such a deceptively simple film that it's easy to believe that having surrendered to its cinematic experience has led to your somehow understanding a film that almost transcends understanding.
Margaret (Abbra Smallwood) is a classically beautiful blonde whom we meet in a consignment shop. This is symbolic, but then again maybe it's not. She looks serene and vulnerable, yet there is a dark aura that surrounds her and music from Robert Casal that makes it almost undeniable that there is much more going on than simply Margaret in a consignment shop.


text:
Volume 122, Issue 840
Rationales for Regulation
Emerging Frameworks
The Politics of Regulating Platforms
Influence Operations
Balancing Interests
Research Article| January 01 2023
The Push to Regulate Digital Markets and Services
Pawel Popiel
Pawel Popiel is a postdoctoral fellow at the University of Pennsylvania's Annenberg School for Communication.
https://doi.org/10.1525/curh.2023.122.840.15
Pawel Popiel; The Push to Regulate Digital Markets and Services. Current History 1 January 2023; 122 (840): 15–21. doi: https://doi.org/10.1525/curh.2023.122.840.15
In the past few years, efforts to regulate digital platform services have grown in analytical sophistication, acquired political momentum, and started to produce legislative and regulatory interventions. The emerging policy frameworks—which tend to focus on content, data, and market power concerns—show degrees of variation, by region and by policy domain, and reflect various normative and policy goals. This essay examines their underlying policy goals, normative commitments, and the tensions and trade-offs they present.
competition policy, content moderation, data protection, platform regulation
In the eyes of policymakers and much of the public, major digital platform companies were once synonymous with the democratization of communication, economic growth, technological efficiency and convenience, and endless, disruptive innovation. Even in the face of apparent crises, like Edward Snowden's 2013 disclosures about platforms' collaboration with various national security agencies in global surveillance programs, the services they offer and the markets in which they operate had remained largely free from external scrutiny. Yet now they have become the targets of countless and growing international regulatory inquiries, proposed and passed legislation, and public opprobrium over issues ranging from the viral spread of disinformation to their entrenched market power.
The public backlash against dominant platform companies signals a political awakening to their services' quiet but ongoing entrenchment in key political processes, their expansive reach into and power over a growing number of markets, and their transformation into social infrastructures on which we increasingly depend for accessing the news, communicating with others, seeking jobs, engaging in commerce, and many more daily activities. This international backlash follows major political shifts to which platforms' content flows may have directly contributed, including the 2016 US election of Donald Trump as president and the UK Brexit referendum the same year, as well as atrocities like the Rohingya genocide in Myanmar. Such events revealed the political stakes of the speech flowing across these digital services. The global COVID-19 pandemic only further illuminated growing public dependencies on digital platforms in times of crisis, as did their parent companies' ensuing record-breaking profits.
Although regulatory oversight previously had been scant, policy efforts to regulate digital platform services since 2016 have grown in analytical sophistication, acquired political momentum, and started to produce legislative and regulatory interventions. They have also involved significant cross-border collaboration and dialogue between regulators. But the emerging policy frameworks—which tend to focus on the triptych of content, data, and market power concerns—show degrees of variation, by region and by policy domain, and reflect different normative and policy goals.
While the biggest technology companies operating infrastructural platform services—Alibaba, Alphabet, Amazon, Apple, Baidu, Meta, Microsoft, Tencent—operate internationally, their governance and regulation is increasingly defined regionally and locally. Whereas the Chinese platforms are largely state-controlled, Western platform companies have strong incentives to oppose and shape regulatory policy endeavors. Accordingly, many of the largest US-based tech companies deploy substantial resources to lobby policymakers and influence public discourse on platform regulation to maintain their dominant positions. The confluence of varying normative commitments underlying policy goals, numerous policy focuses, and active efforts by platform companies to shape policy discussions produces tensions and trade-offs that characterize the growing international responses to digital platform services.
To understand the assumptions, goals, and normative commitments motivating the efforts to regulate platforms, it is worthwhile to look at their origins. Like earlier information and communication technologies—from broadcast radio to cable television and the commercial Internet—the emergence of platforms contested existing regulatory frameworks. These paradigms, which govern digital information and communication flows, were drafted before platform services became central to online activities from communication to commerce. Often, these frameworks were tethered to clear distinctions between broadcast, telecommunications, and computing technologies and their uses.
As new technologies and business models blurred these distinctions through processes of digitization (the conversion of analog information to digital formats) and technological convergence (such as between telecommunications and computing), policy blind spots and gaps emerged. For instance, telecommunications services were treated as neutral conduits, responsible for delivering content and maximizing public access to their services, but not liable for the information flowing through their pipes. Yet content "publishers" like news media organizations could face liability for certain classes of defamatory or otherwise problematic speech. Communication platforms like YouTube and Facebook blurred these key regulatory distinctions. Neither content producers nor neutral conduits, these platforms benefit from liability exemptions for the speech that flows across their services, while carefully curating it using largely algorithmic sorting processes.
The emergence of platforms contested existing regulatory frameworks.
Such policy gaps went unaddressed for over a decade. The concerns platforms raised had not gained public salience, partly due to regulatory reticence, and partly as a result of maneuvering by major tech companies. Positioning themselves as engines of innovation and rapid economic growth, platforms were embraced by policymakers as fast-moving disrupters of markets, from media to shopping and taxi services. The affordances they provided, such as allowing users to bypass legacy news organizations to share news and political information, were perceived as naturally decentralizing and democratizing communication flows. Reflecting a prevalent neoliberal policy slant, their presumed breakneck pace and relentless innovation came to be seen, particularly in the United States, as ungovernable. Regulation was often invoked as the antithesis of tech-driven innovation.
The largest of these firms were embraced by the public. They also partnered with governments on issues ranging from cybersecurity to developing technology policy. When Snowden exposed the tight-knit collaborations between Internet companies, including digital platform incumbents, and national security agencies in the United States, the UK, and other Western countries, governments bore the brunt of public outrage, rather than the tech sector.
Cracks in tech dominance were becoming visible, as digital privacy issues drew more public attention and regulators imposed a handful of fines for privacy and competition violations. But the current, more concentrated backlash emerged amid a series of political shifts that alarmed many policy elites, raising concerns about the stability of democratic institutions in the face of right-wing populism. These included Trump's election, the victory of the "Leave" campaign in the Brexit referendum on exiting the European Union, and a series of other right-wing populist election wins from Europe to Latin America. The extent to which platforms contributed to these political outcomes is far from empirically clear. But early research suggesting that political disinformation on platforms played a decisive role—offering a tidy technological answer to complex political and economic developments—attracted policymakers' attention.
The scrutiny of platforms as potential sites of disinformation that destabilize elections intensified following 2018 revelations about political consulting firm Cambridge Analytica, which provided services to the Trump presidential campaign and was key to the success of the Brexit "Leave" campaign. It was reported that the firm had obtained Facebook user data without users' consent, and then used it to train algorithms to target other Facebook users with political ads.
These events revealed that the same affordances that democratized and decentralized communication also enabled the use of behavioral advertising algorithms to fragment and select voting blocks for disinformation campaigns. Subsequent high-profile controversies—such as one sparked by Facebook's failure to stop a white supremacist's livestream of his March 2019 terrorist attack on two mosques in Christchurch, New Zealand, from going viral on its platform—demonstrated the public consequences of platforms' content moderation practices.
As governments grappled with imposing public obligations on platforms for the content they host and curate, a second critique emerged in policy circles focused on incumbent tech companies' growing market power. Frustrated with ineffective regulatory fines that were often written off as a mere cost of doing business and so failed to deter anticompetitive behavior, as well as with competition regulators' lax scrutiny of big tech mergers and acquisitions, these critics pointed to platform incumbents' central gatekeeping positions in key markets.
Amazon's dominance in e-commerce, Facebook and Google's duopoly in digital advertising and gatekeeping in digital news distribution, and Apple and Google's dominance in mobile app stores represented classic market power concerns that contested discourses about the tech sector's ceaseless creative destruction and decentralization. These concerns were especially pronounced since many of the services dominated by these companies fulfill key public functions, like information and news provision, and consequently resemble social utilities or social infrastructure. At the same time, the value of these services stems from the very network effects that, coupled with efficiencies related to economies of scope and scale, contribute to these companies' dominance. These dynamics became especially clear during the pandemic, which revealed the public dependence on dominant platforms for everything from health information to grocery shopping, fueling record-breaking profits. In response, a robust international policy debate focused on reforming competition laws and their enforcement to effectively address platforms' market power.
The twin concerns about problematic content and market dominance are linked with concerns about data collection, quantification, and commodification. User data powers content moderation and curation algorithms and informs business strategies to dominate markets. But big data quantification poses its own distinct set of concerns, including algorithmic discrimination based on socially salient categories like race and gender, and the impact on user autonomy in online and increasingly offline spaces. Data-powered labor management systems, like those employed by Amazon in its warehouses or those at the heart of the gig economy typified by companies like Uber or Postmates, contribute to greater labor precarity, worker atomization, and workplace surveillance. The opacity, complexity, and inscrutability of algorithms powering the platform economy, their growing entanglement with the public sector and the military, and the problems with data storage and processing (from cybersecurity to carbon footprints) all raise a host of concerns with which policymakers are only beginning to grapple.
The policy frameworks for digital platform markets emerging internationally share overarching themes in their focus on content, data, and market power concerns. Due to the transnational scope of the biggest platform companies and close international dialogue among regulators—particularly those in the United States, Australia, and Europe—some proposed policy interventions overlap and align, especially in the domain of competition policy. Data concerns either fall under the purview of existing frameworks, like the EU's General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) and Brazil's General Data Protection Law (LGPD), or are considered in relation to competition concerns. But greater variation exists in the highly politicized and user-facing area of content regulation, which reflects different countries' speech norms and policy goals.
In a striking reversal of the hands-off approach that had lasted more than a decade, competition policy interventions have lately attracted significant attention from policymakers. A growing number of high-profile antitrust investigations are under way or have concluded in the EU, the United States, the UK, China, India, South Korea, Japan, and other countries. They tackle a range of anticompetitive practices, such as illegal tying and bundling (Google tying app developers to its app store and payment services) and self-preferencing (Amazon privileging its own products over those of smaller competitors on its e-commerce site). Aside from being time-consuming and resource-intensive, such investigations must also grapple with legal and regulatory frameworks that fail to capture competitive dynamics in platform markets.
Consequently, proliferating inquiries and draft legislation focus on updating these frameworks to make tech mergers and acquisitions more costly and difficult; to mandate data portability and interoperability to facilitate competition on and with platforms; and to separate lines of business to prevent platforms from leveraging dominance in one area to acquire it in another (as with app store dominance and payment services), among other structural interventions. The prominence of these policy solutions over other approaches stems partly from concerns about the size of the largest platform companies and partly from the belief that other concerns, including the circulation of disinformation and threats to privacy, are downstream from market power. Put differently, there is a widely held faith that greater competition will help induce better content moderation and data practices.
Many countries' consumer protection regulators effectively serve as the front line against data-related harms. These include cybersecurity threats and improper data collection practices, such as obtaining and processing data without user consent. But aside from occasional fines for egregious abuses, data protection frameworks vary in the range of protections they offer users. Expansive legislation like the EU's GDPR and Brazil's LGPD seeks to minimize commercial data collection, establish basic user rights with respect to companies that collect and process their data, and impose often complex opt-in consent regimes to empower user choice. Comparatively, countries like the United States offer minimal data protection, requiring users to actively opt out if they do not want their data collected, which is often unrealistic given the dominant platform companies' extensive reach over the commercial Internet.
Regulation was often depicted as the antithesis of tech-driven innovation.
The variation in data protection also can be found at the subnational level, as in the case of the state of California, which passed its own privacy law that exceeds federal US protections, hewing closer to the obligations set out in the GDPR. Going even further, cities like Barcelona have launched public, municipally governed data trusts that pool user data and empower residents to decide how their data is managed. Such initiatives respond to the growing recognition that big data provides population-level insights whose consequences extend beyond the individual. For example, Cambridge Analytica's political ad targeting reached Facebook users whose data was not obtained by the firm, but who shared characteristics with those whose data was collected. Trusts operate on the logic that individual consent requirements do not address such harms, whereas accountable public governance of datasets and their uses might do so.
As big data, with its potential for monetization, becomes increasingly central to the global economy, many countries have made efforts to harmonize their data protection frameworks with the GDPR by offering consumer protections, while facilitating international business and capital flows. Aside from draft bills that seek to curb practices like behavioral advertising, however, most policy proposals related to platforms' data processing focus on wresting data flows from the most dominant players. Interventions like data portability (the ability to move one's data from one platform service to another) and interoperability (providing platform access to competitors) dovetail with competition policy goals rather than privacy protections. They seek to make it easier for users to move from one platform service to another and for competitors to develop complementary services (such as competing messaging services that can exchange messages with WhatsApp users), with the overarching goal of incentivizing innovation and competition.
Since the information and communications sectors play a fundamentally political role in society, shaping the conditions that determine who can access information resources and participate in the public sphere, dealing with speech issues in these sectors is inevitably a highly contested, political process. The greatest policy variation exists in policies addressing the most politicized concerns related to the content flowing across platform services, from hate speech to disinformation. The range reflects different approaches to regulating public speech.
For example, Germany's controversial 2018 Network Enforcement Act imposes strict liability and massive fines on platforms for failure to quickly remove content that violates national laws, such as those banning hate speech. In its landmark Digital Services Act (DSA), currently pending final approval by member state governments, the EU has drafted a less aggressive approach, leaving room for member states to add further requirements. This legislation imposes content obligations on the largest online platforms, such as developing codes of conduct with civil society, providing transparency about how their algorithmic recommender systems sort user content, and offering avenues for users to contest content moderation decisions. Thus, the DSA provides baseline user protections, while limiting direct government regulation of speech flowing across platforms.
On the surface, US law, including the First Amendment to the Constitution and Section 230 of the Communications Decency Act, which exempts intermediaries from liability, ensures that platforms cannot be held liable for most content flowing across their services. Most efforts to tackle problematic content originate from platforms, often in response to civil society or public pressure. But debates about content moderation are increasingly fractured by politics, particularly since Twitter and Facebook deplatformed Trump following his comments in the aftermath of the January 2021 attack on the US Capitol by his supporters. Right-wing politicians invoked Trump's removal as evidence of social media censorship of conservative speech, even as an internal Twitter study found that the platform disproportionately amplifies conservative over liberal content.
In 2021, the state of Texas passed a law making it illegal for dominant platform companies to take down content posted by any state resident based on their political viewpoint. Though the Texas law faces legal challenges, a similar effort to prevent deplatforming is ongoing in Florida. Such initiatives are thinly veiled governmental incursions on speech flows for political reasons, intended to thwart private content moderation. Although they purport to prevent censorship, they ultimately undermine efforts to remove hate speech and related problematic content associated with the far right. As a result, they fall on a spectrum of other highly political efforts to control content flows—from Poland's proposed social media law calling for the creation of what would effectively be a government-run speech council to oversee platform content moderation, to the Chinese approach involving strict censorship of content considered politically harmful.
The 2021 passage of Australia's News Bargaining Code points to another approach to dealing with problematic content like disinformation—by bolstering traditional news media. The law targets the sizable advertising revenues that dominant technology platforms enjoy due to users' increasing reliance on their services for access to content produced by news outlets. For years, platforms like Facebook have been able to cannibalize these revenues at the expense of the already struggling news sector. Under the new law, dominant platform companies must negotiate agreements with Australian news media organizations to fairly share these revenues. Such bargaining approaches are also in various stages of consideration in countries like Brazil, Canada, India, and the United States. Ultimately, they seek to rebalance the power dynamics between platforms (and the digital markets they dominate) and news publishers.
These initiatives signal a widespread push to rein in the entrenched power of the largest tech companies. But as of this writing, only a small number of laws addressing platform markets have passed, and most efforts are still at the inquiry or draft bill stage. As a result, the effects of these proposed interventions are unclear. Any legislation that has been enacted is especially consequential and is scrutinized by policy observers in other countries.
The EU has maintained a first mover role in regulating digital platforms, strengthened by its expansive regulatory infrastructure. Its impending DSA, which focuses on online safety and illegal content, and the Digital Markets Act (DMA), intended to stimulate competition in concentrated platform markets, articulate a set of sweeping reforms whose enforcement and effects will be closely watched. In the US Congress, a recently passed update to a narrow merger law and a slew of draft bills indicate similar goals, particularly regarding platform competition. Although the draft bills face uncertain prospects in a highly polarized political climate, the United States has incentives to partially harmonize its approach with the EU's in order to offset China's economic power and its firewalled but immense platform sector.
These efforts to regulate digital platforms are political in at least two senses. First, they reflect the underlying normative and ideological commitments that shape regulatory approaches to the platform economy. Second, more overtly, these initiatives are often products of a clash of political interests, not least those of dominant platform companies themselves. This produces tensions and trade-offs in regulating digital markets.
Collectively, the proposed interventions signal a commitment to a privately run platform economy, regulated through competition and varying public obligations. They reflect the common belief that regulated market mechanisms will induce better content moderation practices, stronger privacy protections, and more publicly responsive business models. The scant evidence for this belief is mixed. TikTok, Facebook's biggest competitor, has content moderation problems similar to those of other platforms and offers similar privacy protections (while raising policymakers' concerns about surveillance and cybersecurity as a result of its being based in China). Other competitors, like alt-right social media platforms Parler and Trump's Truth Social, have weaker content moderation mechanisms.
In effect, the largest platform services seem best poised to offer the kind of resource-heavy content moderation systems that can address the online harms that policymakers target. But this is at odds with policymakers' competition goals. None of the regulatory initiatives attempts to fund new mixed-ownership or public platforms, or to protect existing ones as alternatives to dominant privately owned giants. Doing so could incentivize more democratic platform governance structures.
Efforts to address the declining news industry by empowering news organizations to negotiate larger shares of digital advertising revenues from digital platforms introduce similar tensions. These agreements presuppose the existence of a small number of large platforms, potentially undermining greater competition in platformed news distribution. They also naturalize user data flows that produce digital advertising profits, and thus may be at odds with stronger data protection.
Indeed, perhaps the biggest tension is between stimulating competition to promote innovation and regulating the data flows that power the platform economy. Despite baseline privacy protections in existing and proposed laws, most policy initiatives do not contest private governance of data infrastructures. Though doing so could be socially beneficial, policymakers tend to treat user data as a key input for competition and innovation, and are wary of excessive restrictions that may unduly dampen the digital economy. Consequently, pro-competitive interventions like mandated interoperability and data portability empower user rights with respect to selecting services that access and process their data, but they do not fundamentally challenge existing data flows.
As these data flows become increasingly complex and entangled, complicated consent regimes may do little to help users manage their data or to address population-level effects of big data analytics. Moreover, governments may have incentives to access these data flows for surveillance purposes, which could also limit strong data protections. For instance, the Indian government proposed a draft data protection law designed to keep user data within its borders to fuel its expanding data economy, but withdrew the draft in August 2022 after public protests over provisions enabling state access to the data.
Aside from policymakers, no entities are as invested in the outcome of these policy developments as the platform companies themselves. Though a range of actors participate in these policy debates, dominant platform companies bring immense lobbying and public relations resources to bear on them. They also recruit high-profile attorneys, economists, and former regulators to help them navigate the regulatory landscape and tactically exert soft power within often tightly knit policy networks.
This influence is far from absolute, as shown by the growing international scrutiny and the passage of laws in jurisdictions like the EU. Despite a highly publicized decision by Meta to pull news from its main social media service in Australia in response to the country's proposed news bargaining code, the law passed, and the company resumed offering these services. Yet tech giants retain the ability to obtain legislative and regulatory concessions, suggesting that the battle over regulating the platform economy is increasingly about tactical victories rather than paradigm shifts.
Having accepted that regulation is inevitable, dominant platform companies attempt to limit its scope, especially by challenging competition policy interventions that they view as an existential threat. First, they exploit the West's tensions with China by invoking growing competition from Chinese platforms and attendant cybersecurity threats, positioning themselves as the frontline defense against these dangers.
Second, they capitalize on regulators' inability to actively monitor platform activity at scale, presenting themselves as key co-regulatory partners that offer algorithmic solutions to policymakers' concerns over content and other issues. They argue for the relative ease of regulating a few centralized intermediaries, as opposed to a long tail of many dispersed, smaller services.
Meta CEO Mark Zuckerberg and the company's president of global affairs, Nick Clegg, have both repeatedly stressed the benefits of working with a dominant Facebook to tackle content concerns in the digital public sphere—and the coordination costs of doing the same with many smaller platforms. Likewise, both Apple and Google emphasize the advantages of their size in rooting out malicious apps from their app stores. These arguments may not slow the growing number of interventions like data portability, interoperability, and stronger merger restrictions, but they could persuade policymakers to centralize content regulation via co-regulatory arrangements with a few large players, preserving the scale of dominant platform services.
Ultimately, as the 2020 report Canada's Communication Future put it, many policy initiatives to govern the platform economy aim to forestall the possibility "that users may seek ways to disconnect, or may demand strict rules that could stifle innovation." The emerging policy frameworks attempt to balance market competition in the service of innovation with varying data protections that do not excessively restrict monetizable data flows. Concurrently, news bargaining agreements and stricter content rules for dominant platform services all exist in tension with the desire to decentralize the platform economy.
It is far too early to speculate about the effectiveness of these interventions, many of which have not yet materialized as legislation. But the idea of a single, global Internet with unfettered information flows, which featured in Western geopolitical discourse for over two decades, is no longer a topic of policy debate, much less a reflection of reality. Policy approaches to regulating platform markets differ by region and by policy domain.
On the one hand, efforts to regulate content at the app layer of the Internet in response to concerns over political disinformation, health misinformation, and related phenomena vary internationally, reflecting a mosaic of normative concerns and political commitments. On the other hand, there is evidence of coordination on the competition policy front, along with economic pressures to harmonize baseline data protections. As regulators attempt to balance these protections against pressures to cultivate regional data markets and facilitate international data flows, familiar questions persist about whose interests will define regulated platform economies: public or private?
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Our Wiki has really specific system. You can find here official info about Miner Wars 2081 project, but user made articles as well. To secure something like this, we have developed few of simple rules. On this page, you can read everything about them.
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John Todd Ecological Design is a pioneer in the use of natural systems for the removal of chemicals, petroleum hydrocarbons, endocrine disruptors, and other detrimental water pollutants. They provide cost-effective aesthetic solutions to wastewater and storm water treatment, aquatic environment management, and bio-solids conversion that are well suited for reuse applications in municipal and a variety of commercial wastewater environments including commercial residential designs.
Dr. John Todd has been a pioneer in the field of ecological design and engineering for nearly five decades. He is the founder and senior partner of John Todd Ecological Design. Dr. Todd has degrees in agriculture, parasitology and tropical medicine from McGill University and a doctorate in fisheries and ethology from the University of Michigan.


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Ixodes dentatus este o specie de căpușe din genul Ixodes, familia Ixodidae, descrisă de George Marx în anul 1899. Conform Catalogue of Life specia Ixodes dentatus nu are subspecii cunoscute.

Referințe

Căpușe
Ixodes


Is your self-talk self-critical? Does your inner critic ever sabotage your success or happiness?
WHY IS YOUR INNER CRITIC SO POWERFUL?
All of us sometimes want to take a jackhammer and blast away at the annoying part of us that jabs us with critical comments like, "You're not good enough" or "You won't succeed." Your desire to kill your critic backfires. It's like chopping away a concrete foundation under your home or business. Why? Our inner critic is a very robust part of ourselves. Instead of battling it, we need to learn how to use this powerful energy source to our advantage.
What we resist, persists. We created an inner critic during childhood as a key survival tool. The original version of our inner critic helped us survive, avoid adult disapproval and stay out of trouble. The early inner critic protected us from harm when we were too small and powerless to do certain things. Over the years, well-meaning, protective messages became a consistent negative voice that belittled and shamed us. Here's an example of how the nurturing, protective "Guardian" inner voice we heard as a young child became the dis-empowering inner critic we hear today.
Please note: This was a heart-centered message with the pure intention of protecting you when you were a young, vulnerable child.
Over the years, this nurturing voice became your inner critic. Now, you hear messages like this.
Because your inner critic developed with noble intentions and has labored non-stop on your behalf . . . day after day, year after year . . . it is an integral part of your personality. Every time you try to banish your inner critic, it ferociously fights for its life. That's why trying to get rid of your inner critic backfires. Since your inner critic thrives on criticism, when you resist and criticize this part of yourself, it becomes stronger, louder, more resistant and belligerent.
When managed effectively, the barbs of our inner critic prevent complacency and boredom while nudging us to improve our lives. We harness a powerhouse of energy when we face our shadow side. We discover that our doubts, fears and insecurities are tools that can help us become more confident, competent and complete.
Trying to get rid of your inner critic is not the solution.
Are you ready to calm the crippling voice of your inner critic and turn it into a positive force? Take advantage of a proven program tested by hundreds of my coaching clients. You'll discover the secrets of turning your inner critic into an inner coach in the new ebook, "Conquer Your Inner Critic." You'll also gain special value from the illustrations and the workbook that are part of the book. Order your copy by clicking here.


Crossdressing clothes for all occasions. Selecting the best cut and style is critical for your look and indeed your confidence. Moreover selecting the style that best fits your frame and emphasises your femininity is a must.
Correct foundation garments are critical, but the correct cut of the dress is the icing on the cake. A Peplum dress draws attention to your hips whilst a bodycon style helps to shape your figure. Great legs need to be on view so that's why most of the styles are short to medium length. Furthermore, we embrace the ladies with curves so that why our sizes go up to a UK 24 and beyond.


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COMMD1 promotes the ubiquitination of NF-κB subunits through a cullin-containing ubiquitin ligase
Gabriel N. Maine, Xicheng Mao, Christine M. Komarck, Ezra Burstein
Int Med - Digestv & Liver Dis
NF-κB is a pleiotropic transcription factor involved in multiple processes, including inflammation and oncogenesis. We have previously reported that COMMD1 represses κB-dependent transcription by negatively regulating NF-κB-chromatin interactions. Recently, ubiquitination of NF-κB subunits has been similarly implicated in the control of NF-κB recruitment to chromatin. We report here that COMMD1 accelerates the ubiquitination and degradation of NF-κB subunits through its interaction with a multimeric ubiquitin ligase containing Elongins B and C, Cul2 and SOCS1 (ECS SOCS1). COMMD1-deficient cells demonstrate stabilization of RelA, greater nuclear accumulation of RelA after TNF stimulation, de-repression of several κB-responsive genes, and enhanced NF-κB-mediated cellular responses. COMMD1 binds to Cul2 in a stimulus-dependent manner and serves to facilitate substrate binding to the ligase by stabilizing the interaction between SOCS1 and RelA. Our data uncover that ubiquitination and degradation of NF-κB subunits by this COMMD1-containing ubiquitin ligase is a novel and critical mechanism of regulation of NF-κB-mediated transcription.
https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.emboj.7601489
COMMD1
Cullin
Ubiquitination
Immunology and Microbiology(all)
10.1038/sj.emboj.7601489
Dive into the research topics of 'COMMD1 promotes the ubiquitination of NF-κB subunits through a cullin-containing ubiquitin ligase'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.
Ligases Medicine & Life Sciences 74%
Chromatin Medicine & Life Sciences 40%
Maine, G. N., Mao, X., Komarck, C. M., & Burstein, E. (2007). COMMD1 promotes the ubiquitination of NF-κB subunits through a cullin-containing ubiquitin ligase. EMBO Journal, 26(2), 436-447. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.emboj.7601489
COMMD1 promotes the ubiquitination of NF-κB subunits through a cullin-containing ubiquitin ligase. / Maine, Gabriel N.; Mao, Xicheng; Komarck, Christine M. et al.
In: EMBO Journal, Vol. 26, No. 2, 24.01.2007, p. 436-447.
Maine, GN, Mao, X, Komarck, CM & Burstein, E 2007, 'COMMD1 promotes the ubiquitination of NF-κB subunits through a cullin-containing ubiquitin ligase', EMBO Journal, vol. 26, no. 2, pp. 436-447. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.emboj.7601489
Maine GN, Mao X, Komarck CM, Burstein E. COMMD1 promotes the ubiquitination of NF-κB subunits through a cullin-containing ubiquitin ligase. EMBO Journal. 2007 Jan 24;26(2):436-447. doi: 10.1038/sj.emboj.7601489
Maine, Gabriel N. ; Mao, Xicheng ; Komarck, Christine M. et al. / COMMD1 promotes the ubiquitination of NF-κB subunits through a cullin-containing ubiquitin ligase. In: EMBO Journal. 2007 ; Vol. 26, No. 2. pp. 436-447.
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AB - NF-κB is a pleiotropic transcription factor involved in multiple processes, including inflammation and oncogenesis. We have previously reported that COMMD1 represses κB-dependent transcription by negatively regulating NF-κB-chromatin interactions. Recently, ubiquitination of NF-κB subunits has been similarly implicated in the control of NF-κB recruitment to chromatin. We report here that COMMD1 accelerates the ubiquitination and degradation of NF-κB subunits through its interaction with a multimeric ubiquitin ligase containing Elongins B and C, Cul2 and SOCS1 (ECS SOCS1). COMMD1-deficient cells demonstrate stabilization of RelA, greater nuclear accumulation of RelA after TNF stimulation, de-repression of several κB-responsive genes, and enhanced NF-κB-mediated cellular responses. COMMD1 binds to Cul2 in a stimulus-dependent manner and serves to facilitate substrate binding to the ligase by stabilizing the interaction between SOCS1 and RelA. Our data uncover that ubiquitination and degradation of NF-κB subunits by this COMMD1-containing ubiquitin ligase is a novel and critical mechanism of regulation of NF-κB-mediated transcription.
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Penny Dreadfuls: Sensational Tales of Terror is an anthology of twenty tales of horror and the supernatural published in the nineteenth century. In addition to works by Edgar Allan Poe, Arthur Conan Doyle, Bram Stoker, Wilkie Collins!, and other well-known writers, it features several sensationalized retellings of famous folk legends and accounts of notorious highwaymen. The book includes two full-length novels: the original 1818 text of Frankenstein, which was considered more shocking before Mary Shelley toned down its gruesomeness for the better-known 1831 edition, and Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street, a genuine penny dreadful that has served as the foundation for all accounts of Sweeney Todd written since. The book will appeal to readers who are currently enjoying the literary horror mash-ups featured on the hit Sky Atlantic series Penny Dreadful.