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Habitat Restoration & Land Management
Sonoma Ecology Center's Restoration Department is dedicated to the restoration, stewardship and enhancement of over 4,000 acres of private and public lands around Sonoma Valley. Those include Sugarloaf Ridge State Park, Sonoma Garden Park, Sonoma Creek, Nathanson Creek, the Montini and Sonoma Overlook Trail Preserves, and Van Hoosear Wildflower Preserve. Throughout Sonoma Valley and beyond, our trained professionals provide ecological restoration services including: biological site assessments, native plant seed collection and propagation, invasive plant mapping and treatments, stream bank stabilization and erosion control, and fire fuel management.
Our Restoration Team is working on public and private sites throughout Sonoma Valley and the surrounding regions of Northern California.
To contact us about projects or to request our services, please email restoration@sonomaecologycenter.org or call 707-996-0712 ext. 116.
Learn About Our Land Services
Land Services Request Intake Form
Our Restoration Department has more than 25 years of successful experience performing natural resource management projects to the satisfaction of public and private clients.
We know how to plan for and accomplish management goals in sensitive habitats with effective, high-quality and affordable methods. Our depth of experience assures quality control on work we carry out, and allows us to incorporate adaptive management techniques that ensure project goals are met in a timely and efficient manner. We utilize smaller crews with technical expertise to maximize budgets and get projects done to a high level of quality.
Our service area focuses on Sonoma Valley and extends to the surrounding regions of Northern California. We have experience working in many of northern California's natural habitats, including dunes, coastal scrub, grasslands, chaparral, oak woodlands, mixed evergreen forest, redwood forest, wetlands and riparian ecosystems. Our project team has the ecological knowledge, as well as specialized equipment and capacity, to carry out all of the requested services.
Full service fish and wildlife habitat restoration for landowners (weed control, erosion control, bank stabilization, native plant installation, irrigation, maintenance)
Native plant restoration
Invasive non-native weed eradication: French broom, Himalayan blackberry, vinca, and English ivy.
Native plant production – specializing in local/ watershed-sourced genotypes (seed collection/storage, propagation, growing/transplanting)
Fish Barrier removal
Stormwater management/low impact design (Erosion control, sediment filtration, etc.)
Storm drain retrofitting (energy dissipater, detention basin, geotextile fabric installation).
Bioengineering (willow revetments, willow mattresses, vegetated swales, etc)
Erosion control (plants, geotextile, biodegradable fabric/ wattles, etc.)
Land management (full service – Habitat restoration and management)
Biochar Demonstrations and Biochar Kiln Burns
Sonoma Creek
Sonoma Creek is one of the most important streams in the Bay Area due to the habitat it provides for native fish and wildlife. For two decades, Sonoma Ecology Center's Restoration Department has serviced and improved Sonoma Creek by removing barriers to native fish migration, improving fish habitat, keeping stream banks and beds from washing away, slowing and filtering stormwater, invasive plant control, and planting native plants. We work constantly with creekside landowners and in partnership with Sonoma Water, the Wildlife Conservation Board, the California Coastal Conservancy and Environmental Science Associates to further the stewardship of Sonoma Creek.
Montini Open Space Preserve and Sonoma Overlook Trail
In collaboration with the City of Sonoma, Sonoma Ecology Center is responsible for the management and maintenance of both of these cherished open space preserves, located on the city's northern border. Our trained Restoration professionals conduct trail work, hazardous tree assessment, invasive plant control, and habitat restoration at both preserves, and help mitigate fire danger at Montini through invasive weed management, targeted mowing and by hiring grazing subcontractors. Restoration crew members also guide volunteers in planting, weeding and other volunteer events at the preserves. More on Montini / More on Overlook
Working with the community, Sonoma Ecology Center designed and built this three-quarter-mile preserve with the support of $2 million in grant funding thanks to partnerships with the Sonoma County Agricultural and Open Space District, Sonoma Water, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and the City of Sonoma. This formerly neglected site now provides the community with clean recreational space, walking paths, signage, a Native Plant Demonstration Garden, a demonstration floodplain, and outdoor educational opportunities for three neighboring schools. It is also drawing native wildlife, including steelhead, back into its riparian habitat. Our Restoration staff continues to steward Nathanson Creek through management of invasive species, restoring habitats with native riparian plants, and managing stormwater debris and erosion control. More on Nathanson
Our biologists and restoration ecologists have developed management plans for this 163-acre preserve, mapping natural resources as well as locations of sensitive and threatened species. As a result, threatened species are being protected while invasive species are managed and removed, helping return the preserve (which is protected under a conservation easement) to its original pristine state. Sonoma Ecology Center's Restoration Department is a key component of these ongoing conservation practices. More on Van Hoosear
Native Plant Propagation
Native plants are key to a healthy ecosystem: they support and sustain native fish and wildlife, stabilize creek banks, and—because they are adapted to native soils—they have more efficient water uptake and can improve water infiltration for groundwater. Over the last five years, SEC has grown and planted over 25,000 native plants. Read more about native plants and our Native Plant Nursery.
Invasive Weed Removal
After human development, invasive species are the second greatest cause of habitat loss in the world. In addition to displacing native plants and animals, invasives can increase fire risk and harbor pests. SEC staff created the model for eradication of Arundo (a highly invasive weed in Western streams) in California. The SEC Restoration Crew also specializes in the removal of French broom, Himalayan blackberry, vinca, and English ivy in addition to Arundo.
Restoration Staff
Barry Hill
Senior Project Coordinator
Barry graduated from UCSC with a degree in biology and later obtained an MS in watershed management from Humboldt State. He began his career in conservation as a wildland firefighter in Nevada, Oregon, and California. He was a hydrologist for the USGS and later for the U.S. Forest Service, and also worked as a geologist for the National Park Service. After retiring from federal service, Barry worked for county park departments in Santa Clara and Solano Counties, and for the California Land Stewardship Institute in Napa. He is a certified professional in erosion and sediment control.
Restoration Project Manager
ISA Certified Arborist ® WE-14183A
Firefighter 2
Mr. Hernandez joined SEC in March 2022. He earned a BS in Biology from Sonoma State University while working for Sonoma State's Center for Environmental Inquiry as a trail steward and docent at Fairfield Osborn Preserve. He earned an M.S. in Biology from Sonoma State in 2020 studying the effects of sudden oak death on the fire severity of the 2017 Nuns Fire. Before coming to SEC he was a Part-time crew leader at Circuit Rider Community Services' Ecological Program.
Kurtis McIntyre
Restoration Technician
Kurtis grew up in the Sonoma Valley. Being drawn to the outdoors, he found a job at Jack London State Historic Park where he realized an appreciation for the local ecology. Now he is dedicated to restoration work to help preserve the Sonoma Valley.
Alex Kaste
Alex Kaste received his undergraduate degree in Fisheries and Wildlife Conservation Science from Oregon State University and a certification in GIS. He has worked for non-profit organizations for the past 3 years, including as a habitat restoration technician with Greenbelt Land Trust in Corvallis, Oregon. Alex is particularly interested in fisheries conservation and had assisted in a graduate research project studying the effect of warming waters on Coastal Cutthroat populations in the Willamette River. He is an outdoorsman and is often found bird-watching or hiking at local parks and preserves.
Zoe Hyland
Zoe received her Associate's Degree in Natural Sciences from Santa Rosa Junior College and her B.A. in Communications from UC Davis. For the past three years, she worked at Green String Farm learning about sustainable farming practices and soil health. She developed a love for restoration and conservation after two semesters as an intern in the Santa Rosa Junior College Fire Resiliency Program. Her goal is to continue learning more about restoration in the Sonoma Valley and develop her skills in prescribed fire.
CA Delta Conservancy
CA Dept of Fish and Wildlife
CA Dept of Water Resources
CA Natural Resources Agency
Center for Ecosystem Management & Restoration
ESA PWA
Prunuske Chatham, Inc.
San Francisco Estuary Project
Solano Resource Conservation District
Sonoma County Water Agency
Sonoma Resource Conservation District
US Environmental Protection Agency


text:
Top-Titel
Gypsy Eyes - (alternate take)
Plays The Music Of Jimi Hendrix
Up From The Skies - (alternate take)
Angel - (alternate take)
Flapping Wings
Sleepless Love
Sleepless Times
Back To Black And White
Revolver Hits
That's Why The Moon Was Smiling
La Nevada / Bilbao Song (All Tracks Remastered)
Straight No Chaser / Joy Spring (All Tracks...
Relax por la noche
Música Brasilera
Ofer Shapira
Lawrence Ku
und 425 weitere Alben
Über Gil Evans
Canadian-born, but raised in California's agricultural Central Valley, Gil Evans' tonal colors are unique with an eerie, disquieting quality. His laid-back charts for Claude Thornhill in the '40s helped lay the foundation for Cool jazz, and his apartment was a meeting place for like-minded moderns such as Gerry Mulligan, Miles Davis, and John Lewis. They all got together on the classic Birth of the Cool LP. That Miles Davis album was a popular bust but was hugely influential and Evans went on to record three stunning albums with Davis in the late '50s and he started recording his own big band throughout this period. His solo albums and collaborations with Kenny Burrell and Astrud Gilberto in the '60s are equally impressive and carry his unmistakable sound. Evans got into electronics and continued experimenting in the '70s, but most of this later work lacks focus (excluding his surprisingly good tribute to Jimi Hendrix in '74). Nick Dedina
Claude Thornhill, Gerry Mulligan, Miles Davis, Stan Kenton
Modern Big Band
Canadian-born, but raised in California's agricultural Central Valley, Gil Evans' tonal colors are unique with an eerie, disquieting quality. His laid-back charts for Claude Thornhill in the '40s helped lay the foundation for Cool jazz, and his apartment was a meeting place for like-minded moderns such as Gerry Mulligan, Miles Davis, and John Lewis. They all got together on the classic Birth of the Cool LP. That Miles Davis album was a popular bust but was hugely influential and Evans went on to record three stunning albums with Davis in the late '50s and he started recording his own big band throughout this period. His solo albums and collaborations with Kenny Burrell and Astrud Gilberto in the '60s are equally impressive and carry his unmistakable sound. Evans got into electronics and continued experimenting in the '70s, but most of this later work lacks focus (excluding his surprisingly good tribute to Jimi Hendrix in '74).
Nick Dedina
Traditional Jazz/Dixieland
Guitar Town Music
My Darling My Darling
The John Harle Collection Vol. 12: London Blues...
John Harle
Into the Hot!
Menina Feira
Rob Thorsen Quartet

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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State's Most Conservative Newspapers Say 'No' to 8
By Zach Behrens
Published Oct 6, 2008 11:00 PM
Photo by basykes via Flickr
Here's an interesting observation regarding Proposition 8, the November ballot initiative that seeks to eliminate gay marriage, compliments of the California Majority Report:
Incidentally, Prop 8 joins Props 7 and 10 as one of only three initiatives without a single editorial board endorsement. One would imagine the Orange County Register, San Diego Union Tribune, or Tracy Press would adamantly reject a proposition that allows "people [to be] sued over personal beliefs" or puts churches in danger of losing their tax-exempt status, as Professor Peterson falsely claims in the [Yes on Prop 8] ad. But instead, three of the state's most conservative-leaning editorial boards endorsed a No on Prop 8 position, because, as the Tracy Press explained, "We shouldn't change the state Constitution to take away civil rights."
Taking away rights = not a Californian thing to do.


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The Celtic Messiah
Throughout Arthurian Romance Guinevere is commonly portrayed with two weaknesses; her love affairs with Arthur's best knight, and very susceptible to being abducted.
Part I: The Abduction of Guinevere in Medieval Arthurian Romance
Part II: The Modena Archivolt
Part III: White, The Winter King
Part IV: White Phantom
Part V: The Isle of Glass
Part VI: The Isle of Glass (2)
Appendix I: The Celtic Messiah
Appendix II: The Legend of Arthur's Survival
Appendix I
Amazed him, and he groaned, 'The King is gone.' [1]
In his Deeds of the Kings of England William of Malmesbury made a clear distinction between the Arthur of historical fact and the Arthur of legend. William clearly thought the king warranted a fuller history.
Just over a decade later Geoffrey of Monmouth provided William with his historical account and gave the world the first full chronicle account of King Arthur. Geoffrey's account in History of the Kings of Britain was a medieval literary masterpiece; an unprecedented coming together of historical fact, myth and poetic licence, and was accepted as historical fact by many and remained so for five hundred years.
But, in so doing Geoffrey had given the British a champion, a saviour hero; he had created a Celtic Messiah
William of Malmesbury
William of Malmesbury is considered a competent and scholarly historian, first publishing his Gesta Regum Anglorum (Deeds of the Kings) of the English c.1125, publishing a revised edition before 1140.
Between these dates he spent a considerable amount of time at Glastonbury and produced the Antiquity of the Church of Glastonbury. This has survived only in a form heavily interpolated by later writers from the 13th century. However, the original text of the earlier part can be reconstituted from the later, revised edition of Deeds of the Kings, which incorporates large sections from his work on Glastonbury. Whilst at Glastonbury he carried out a detailed examination of the archives there, his analysis of the records of the old church is considered as thorough as any medieval historical investigation.
Significantly, Arthur nowhere occurs in connection with Glastonbury in the genuine works of William of Malmesbury; the passages in which the King is brought into connection with the Abbey exist only in the later interpolations in the surviving text of the Antiquity of the Church of Glastonbury, William's original work rewritten by the monks of Glastonbury to accommodate later 'developments' at the Abbey, the monks making no claim whatsoever as editors or revisers of the historian's work from the previous century. [2]
In his original works William makes mention of Arthur only in his proper context along with the likes of Vortigern and Ambrosius, as such he writes:
"This is that Arthur of whom the trifling of the Britons talks such nonsense even today; a man clearly worthy not to be dreamed of in fallacious fables, but to be proclaimed in veracious histories."
As we have seen above, Arthur's first connection with Glastonbury is recorded in the Life of Gildas by Caradoc of Llancarfan written in the first quarter of the 12th century. But, in essence, this is no more than a tale explaining the gift of lands to the Abbey using the backbone of a now lost Celtic Otherworld voyage similar to the surviving Irish echtrae.
Both William of Malmesbury and Caradoc of Llancarfan were aware of 'Ynyswitrin' as the British name of Glastonbury, but this appears to be a backward etymology in an attempt to explain the Saxon name of the Somerset town. Both William and Caradoc were writing at the request of the ecclesiastical community of Glastonbury. Yet absent from the works of both men is the suggestion of any knowledge of Glastonbury equating with Avalon. Indeed, arguably the greatest author of the 12th century and creator of Arthurian history, Geoffrey of Monmouth fails to make the connection either. Geoffrey mentions 'Avallon' but twice in his Historia Regum Britanniae, (History of the Kings of Britain, c.1136); firstly as the place were Arthur's sword Caliburn was forged and secondly he merely states that, when mortally wounded Arthur was taken there:
"And even the renowned king Arthur himself was mortally wounded; and being carried thence to the isle of Avallon to be cured of his wounds,"
In his later Vita Merlini (Life of Merlin, c.1148) Geoffrey describes the last sojourn of the king in more detail, but avoids the name Avalon completely and refers simply to the Fortunate Isles, as a Celtic island paradise.
Significantly, three major writers of the first half of the 12th century fail to connect Glastonbury with Avalon. This equation first appears with the discovery of Arthur's tomb between two pyramids in the ancient cemetery at Glastonbury Abbey in 1190 or 1191. Prior to this date Glastonbury was evidently not aware of its Arthurian legacy. The inscription on the leaden burial cross read:
"Here lies the renowned King Arthur in the Isle of Avalon."
The effect was two-fold: the lead cross confirmed this was Arthur's remains, the King was dead and Glastonbury was Avalon.
The wording on the cross had been chosen carefully; Geoffrey's first full chronicle history of the King had come to an end with the death of the "renowned king Arthur" and here were those exact words on his burial cross. A copy of Geoffrey's work is known to have existed at the Abbey.
Accounts of the discovery vary, as do records of the wording on the cross. The first account of the exhumation of Arthur's grave at Glastonbury is provided by Gerald of Wales (Giraldus Cambrensis) in Liber de Principis instructione (On the Instruction of Princes c.1193):
"Although legends had fabricated something fantastical about his demise (that he had not suffered death, and was conveyed, as if by a spirit, to a distant place), his body was discovered at Glastonbury, in our own times, hidden very deep in the earth in an oak-hollow, between two stone pyramids that were erected long ago in that holy place. The tomb was sealed up with astonishing tokens, like some sort of miracle. The body was then conveyed into the church with honour, and properly committed to a marble tomb. A lead cross was placed under the stone, not above as is usual in our times, but instead fastened to the underside. I have seen this cross, and have traced the engraved letters -- not visible and facing outward, but rather turned inwardly toward the stone. It read: 'Here lies entombed King Arthur, with Guenevere his second wife, on the Isle of Avalon'."
Gerald claims he was shown Arthur's tomb and relics by the Abbot Henry de Sully (Soilli), who was Abbot of Glastonbury from 1189 until being consecrated as bishop of Worcester in December 1193. Gerald's version is clearly not an eye-witness account, evidently he was not present at the exhumation, which, if it had taken place in 1191, Gerald must have visited the Abbey sometime between 1192 – 93. By the time of his visit Arthur's relics had been transferred to a new tomb within the church. [3]
In writing his second, and slightly different, account of the discovery of Arthur's grave in Speculum Ecclesiae (1216) Gerald states the wording on the cross read as:
"Here In The Isle of Avalon Lies Buried The Renowned King Arthur, With Guinevere, His Second Wife".
In this later account Gerald explains that Geoffrey's account in the Vita Merlini is clearly at fault and provides the 'correct' version:
"Many tales are told and many legends have been invented about King Arthur and his mysterious ending. In their stupidity the British people maintain that he is still alive. Now that the truth is known, I have taken the trouble to add a few more details in this present chapter. The fairy-tales have been snuffed out, and the true and indubitable facts are made known, so that what really happened must be made crystal clear to all and separated from the myths which have accumulated on the subject.
After the Battle of Camlann. . . the sequel was that the body of Arthur, who had been mortally wounded, was carried off by a certain noble matron, called Morgan, who was his cousin, to the Isle of Avalon, which is now known as Glastonbury. Under Morgan's supervision the corpse was buried in the churchyard there. As a result, the credulous Britons and their bards invented the legend that a fantastic sorceress called Morgan had removed Arthur's body to the Isle of Avalon, so that she might cure his wounds there. According to them, once he has recovered from his wounds this strong and all-powerful King will return to rule over the Britons in the normal way. The result of all this is that they really expect him to come back, just as the Jews, led astray by even greater stupidity, misfortune and misplaced faith, really expect their Messiah to return."
In both accounts Gerald goes on to explain Glastonbury as the Isle of Avalon.
Writing the official history of the Abbey nearly one hundred years after the great discovery of 1191 in Historia de rebus gestis Glastoniensibus, Adam of Damerham, provides another account of the discovery of the remains of Arthur:
"The King [Richard I] ....elevated as Abbot, Henry de Sully, Prior of Bermondsey, a man born of royal stock...He, frequently urged to dispose more fittingly of the famous king Arthur (for he had lain for 648 years near the old church, between two pyramids, once magnificently carved, one day surrounded the place with curtains and ordered that digging should be carried out...The Abbot and convent, raising up the remains, joyfully translated them into the great church, placing them in a double tomb, magnificently carved. The King's body was set by itself at the head of the tomb, that of the queen at the foot or the eastern part, and there they remain to the present day."
Exhumation of Arthur and Guinivere by Judith Dobie
There are several other accounts of the discovery of Arthur's grave at Glastonbury, such as detailed in the Chronicle of Margam Abbey and Ralph of Coggeshall, all giving differing versions, indeed the Margam Abbey account claimed that three bodies were found, the third being that of Mordred. Of course, the treacherous and adulterous nature of Mordred portrayed in later Arthurian Romance meant this was unthinkable and consequently was not pursued by other writers.
Notable amongst these accounts of the discovery of Arthur's grave. According to the Margam and Ralph of Coggeshall accounts it was found when a monk from the Abbey insisted on being buried between the pyramids in the ancient cemetery. But according to Gerald of Wales and the Glastonbury accounts king Henry II was told of the location of Arthur's grave by a Welsh bard; oddly, armed with this information, they made no attempt to exhume Arthur's bones until after Henry's death, some two years later. [4]
Gerald claimed to have handled the leaden burial cross and he alone makes reference to Guinevere as 'his second wife'. Later accounts clearly following Gerald also make the same claim, however, neither Ralph of Coggeshall nor Adam of Damerham report this. The cross appears to have been real enough and was later seen by Henry VIII's antiquarian John Leland in the 16th century and William Camden who published a sketch in the 1607 edition of his 'Britannia'. The epigraphy of the cross has been dated to pre-12th or possibly the 11th century. Ralegh Radord considered it to be at least prior to the Norman Conquest. [5] But there are no claims of the inscription dating from Arthur's flourit of the late 5th century. The cross has conveniently long since disappeared denying opportunity for further examination with modern techniques. The cross may well have been in existence in the 12th century at Glastonbury, but it has the reek of medieval copyists and forgers.
Archaeology of the Abbey Precinct
Excavations carried out at the Abbey in the 1960s, directed by Ralegh Radford set out to discover the earliest religious activity on the site. Radford uncovered an ancient cemetery of stone-lined graves where, nearby he found traces of a small timber structure thought to be the original church. The excavations also discovered several post-holes which Radford interpreted as traces of at least four early wattled oratories, characteristic of an early Celtic monastic settlement. However, there was no dating evidence found for these features and all lay beneath later Anglo-Saxon features. He also found two mausolea within the ancient cemetery. These rectangular tomb-shrines were designed to hold the bodies of saints or revered members of the community and probably marked by a standing cross. Mausolea of this type are relatively rare in Britain, being more common in Gaul and belonging to an early class of burial. One of the mausolea was found 50 feet south of the Lady Chapel and thought to have been marked by the southern of the two crosses, or pyramids as described by William Malmesbury in the early 12th century. According to Gerald of Wales this was the place Arthur's grave had been found by the monks of the Abbey in 1191.
During his excavations at this site Ralegh Radford found evidence of previous disturbance of a large hole dug between the pyramids which soon after was refilled with soil containing many mason's chippings of Doulting stone, a local stone which was first used at Glastonbury during the reconstruction of the Abbey immediately after the fire of 1184. Radford asserted that it was certain that the large hole he found between the site of the pyramids represents the excavation for the bodies of Arthur and Guinevere.
Ralegh Radford was co-founder with Geoffrey Ashe of the Camelot Research Project which later carried out large-scale excavations at South Cadbury, Somerset, in 1966-70 under the direction of Leslie Alcock in search of Arthur's Camelot. These three men have been largely responsible for promoting Arthur as an historical figure who was buried at Glastonbury Abbey. [6]
William of Malmesbury's original account describes how the first church was built by the disciples of Christ. He did however seem rather sceptical of this and whilst admitting that this was of course possible he added the comment, "I will leave such disputable matters and stick to solid facts". The later medieval interpolations to William's text claim that twelve disciples were sent over from Gaul with Joseph of Arimithea. They were each given land in portions identified as the 'Twelve Hides'. They built a wattle church in honour of the Blessed Mary 31 years after the Passion, i.e. 63AD. The place was then deserted until King Lucius and the missionaries came over from Rome, as recounted in Bede and the Anglo Saxon Chronicle, but these sources failed to mention Glastonbury. [7]
As we have seen above both William and Caradoc of Llancarfan were commissioned by by the Abbey to provide an explanation for the acquirement of lands by the Abbey. The motive of both Caradoc's account, stating that Arthur gave lands to the Abbey, and William's claims of a charter that he dated to 601AD listing an Abbot with an apparent British name is to provide a pre-Saxon foundation story for the Abbey. The existence of the charter is doubted by most historians.
Indeed, there seems to be very little evidence for a pre-Saxon presence at the Abbey. There is evidence of some minor Roman activity on the site, a small quantity of pottery sherds and one or more possible Roman wells, one of which was located outside the south-east corner of the site of the old church which may have been associated with something earlier in this area. But further than that we cannot venture with any confidence. However, it must be stressed that the Roman material, such as pottery sherds, found during excavations of the Abbey precinct were all in soil moved in medieval times. Thus, to date no Roman finds have been discovered that can be considered in a primary context. [8]
In his original text William refers to the wattle church having been covered over with wooden planks and roofed with lead by Paulinus, the English missionary who was Archbishop of York in 625 – 33AD. Bede relates a similar account of Paulinus. This is the old church which William called the vetusta ecclesia, and was the first to do so. This is the earliest church known to have been in existence at Glastonbury which was seen and was described by William in the 12th century and survived until the fire of 1184. [9] It is unlikely to be older than the 7th century. However, it seems unlikely that a wooden construction would survive 5 centuries and the original church must have been repaired or rebuilt on several occasions.
Indeed, William describes the church of the Saxon king of Wessex, Ina, of the early 8th century as secondary to it, appended to the older building, implying that the vetusta ecclesia was directly west of this stone building. [10]
Ralegh Radford's excavation at the Abbey revealed evidence of a ditch and bank to the east of the early church thought to define the inner enclosure of the monastic settlement. The bank on the west side has been largely levelled by subsequent building on the site. [11] This common boundary feature was known as the vallum monasterii, a feature which can often be found in various saints' Lives. In the early days of the Church this boundary defined, and separated, the sacred from the profane. The ditch, internal bank and beneath it in the earlier ground surface failed to reveal any dating evidence, suggesting the vallum is part of the primary layout of the Abbey. However in other ditches on the site finds have been dated to the Saxon period. It is not known how far the vallum extended to the north or south or where the other sides lie. [12]
The enigmatic earthwork of Ponter's Ball may have been part of the smaller boundary and has the appearance of a Dark Age dyke but finds ranging from the Iron Age to the medieval period leave the date uncertain. The greater enclosure of the Abbey may well have been a vast monastic estate comprising the traditional 'Twelve Hides'.
Excavations carried out on Glastonbury Tor between 1964 -66 revealed evidence for a Dark Age settlement. Pottery sherds from amphorae, storage or transit vessels for wine, olive oil and other materials imported from the Mediterranean, dated to the 5th and 6th centuries. These imports are fundamental to the dating of Dark Age sites in the west of Britain. [See: Camelot Abandoned] A number of animal bones, mainly cattle but also sheep and pig, along with evidence of several timber structures were uncovered on the summit of the Tor in the vicinity of the surviving medieval tower of St Michael's Church. On the north side of the later church two graves were found leading to suggestions of this being the site of a hermitage. The medieval forgery, 'the charter of St Patrick' makes mention of 'two lay brothers' on the Tor named Arnulph and Ogmar. This of course cannot be accepted as historical evidence by any means but it does point to a medieval tradition that there was possibly a secular foundation on the Tor during the time of St Patrick, the late 4th to early 5th centuries. [13]
However, these structures and Dark Age finds on the Tor are earlier than any structures found at the Abbey site, indeed Ralegh Radford's excavation at the Abbey reported a total absence of sub-Roman dating evidence. [14] Therefore it seems probable that the pre-Saxon presence on the Tor was developed into an early monastic site by the incoming rulers of Wessex, possibly one of the earliest in Britain. Anglo-Saxon control over the Church in the 7th and 8th century led to a major expansion of Christianity at Glastonbury which was expressed at the Abbey site. This corresponds with the earliest features at the Abbey which date to the 7th century. An Anglo-Saxon monastic settlement occupied the shoulder of the Tor, a flattish area to the west of the summit. As this site expanded it spilled over into the Abbey site with the Tor serving as a hermitage or retreat for monks from the Abbey with use continuing into the post-Conquest period with construction of the stone church, the tower of which survives today, after being rebuilt following damage by an earth tremor.
The construction of the crypt of the 12th century Lady Chapel at the Abbey destroyed the whole area of the site of the vetusta ecclesia and ruined any possibility of future archaeology finding any dating evidence from the early church.
In 1276 Edward I, King of England, had declared war on Llewelyn ap Gruffydd, Prince of Wales, the last prince of an independent Wales before conquest by the English. Llewelyn had been a constant thorn in the king's side and instrumental in the Welsh uprising. The threat of the return of Arthur to lead the Welsh to victory against Edward played a major part in events at Glastonbury.
As we have seen above, following the exhumation of Arthur and Guinevere in 1190 or 1191, the relics were transferred into the Church, the position of the tomb not specified. However, with the prospect of further Welsh rebellion they dug the King up again in 1278 just to make sure he was dead. Adam of Damerham, a monk at Glastonbury and probably an eye witness, describes the event:
"The lord Edward....with his consort, the lady Eleanor, came to Glastonbury.......to celebrate Easter....the following Tuesday....at dusk, the lord king had the tomb of the famous King Arthur opened. Wherein, in two caskets painted with their pictures and arms, were found separately the bones of the said king, which were of great size, and those of Queen Guinevere, which were of great beauty......On the following day.....the lord king replaced the bones of the king and queen ...each in their own casket, having wrapped them in costly silks. When they had been sealed they ordered the tomb to be placed forthwith in front of the high altar, after the removal of the skulls for the veneration of the people." [15]
This was to be the ultimate act of dominion by the English king; handling the remains of the great hope of the Welsh. Edward's actions spelled out in no uncertain terms "here is your king, your saviour, I handle his bones. Your king is dead and your hopes with him."
For the restless Welsh, their Messiah dead, proven by retrieval of his body, the political consequences were clear enough. The king was dead and could not return to lead them to victory.
The tomb was destroyed at the Reformation and the bones lost.
Scholarly opinion believes the exhumation at the Abbey to have been a hoax. The evidence presented above provides no reason to disagree with that. Indeed there is no evidence of a pre-Saxon religious presence at the Abbey site and this likely an overspill from early religious activities on the Tor. [16] Indeed, as we have seen above, the British name for Glastonbury (Ynyswitrin) appears to be an attempt to explain the Saxon name of the town, this being compatible with the town failing to possess a pre-Saxon existence.
The effects of the exhumation in 1191 proved a valuable source of income for the Abbey by way of pilgrimage. Remarkably, since the fire on St Urban's day, 25 May, 1184, the relics of several saints had been found there in a very short time [17] and this at a time when, following the death of king Henry II, funding for the Abbey had been switched off with the new monarch, Richard the Lionheart diverting resources into funding the Crusades.
After the destruction of the Abbey in 1539 following the Dissolution of the Monasteries the relics housed at Glastonbury were scattered to the four winds and lost forever. Excluding the leaden burial cross, which apparently survived until the 18th century, how odd that not one relic exists claiming to be a remnant of Arthur or Guinevere. For such precious relics it is absolutely inconceivable that some local inhabitant did not retrieve just a small souvenir. There are not even any claimants from other religious establishments. Not one skull fragment, mandible or thigh bone exists. Not one item exists claiming to a relic of the Arthur found at Glastonbury in 1191.
Gerald of Wales liked a good story and cannot be considered a reliable historian by any account, and but for the inexorable denial of three successive kings would have become consecrated as Bishop of St Davids, and potentially the first Archbishop of Wales. [18] We can only assume that this medieval spin-doctor was deemed unsuitable for such a position in the church.
The discovery of Arthur's remains at Glastonbury must have come as somewhat a shock as William of Malmesbury had stated that "The sepulcher of Arthur is no where to be seen," (Gesta Regum Anglorum, Book III). Notably, William had had access to the Glastonbury archive before much of it was destroyed in the fire of 1184 but failed to connect Arthur with Glastonbury.
The mystery of Arthur's grave persists:
"There is a grave for March, a grave for Gwythur,
a grave for Gwgawn Red-sword;
the world's wonder, a grave for Arthur" [19]
1. Alfred, Lord Tennyson, The Passing of Arthur from Idylls of the King
2. R F Treharne,The Glastonbury Legends, The Cresset Press, 1967.
3. Ibid.
4. Richard Barber, Was Mordred Buried at Glastonbury, in Glastonbury Abbey and the Arthurian Tradition, ed, James P Carley, D S Brewer, 2001, pp.145-159,
4. C A Ralegh Radford, Glastonbury Abbey, in The Quest for Arthur's Britain, ed Geoffrey Ashe, Pall Mall Press, 1968, pp.100-1.
6. Philip Rahtz and Lorna Watts, Glastonbury: Archaeology and Myth, The History Press, 2009, p.61
7. Philip Rahtz, Pagan and Christian by the Severn Sea, in The Archaeology and History of Glastonbury Abbey, ed. Lesley Abrams and James p Carley, The Boydell Press, 1991, pp.3-38, footnote p.22.
8. Rahtz and Watts, op cit. p.62.
9. Ibid. p.91-92.
10. Ralegh Radford, op cit. p.105.
11. Rahtz and Watts, op cit. pp.118 – 119.
12. Ibid. pp.71 – 73.
14. Ibid. p.100.
15. Rahtz and Watts, op cit.
16. Namely Saints Patrick, Indract, Brigit, Gildas and Dunstan, all of whom had stronger claimants to their relics elsewhere. Glastonbury's claims that they held the relics of St Dunstan led to vigorous dispute with Christ Church, Canterbury, where as Archbishop has been interred. Charles T Wood, Fraud and its Consequences, in The Archaeology and History of Glastonbury Abbey, ed. Lesley Abrams and James p Carley, The Boydell Press, 1991, pp.273-284.
17. Treharne, op cit.
18. "Stanzas of the Graves" (The Graves of the Warriors of Britain), from the Black Book of Carmarthen.
In Memory of Philip Rahtz (1921 - 2011)
While researching the Glastonbury excavations I came across the sad news that Philip Rahtz had passed away on 2nd June 2011 at the age of 90.
The obituary in The Times, 14th June, described Professor Rahtz as a 'famously hands-on archaeologist and excavator whose innovative teaching at York inspired and challenged a generation of students'.
Labels: Arthur's Grave, Celtic Messiah


text:
Рашела Мизрахи () е ветеринарна лекарка и политичка, министър на труда и социалната политика на Северна Македония от 3 януари до 15 февруари 2020 година.

Биография
Родена е на 24 ноември 1981 година. в Скопие. Завършва Университета Бан Илан в Израел. От 2004 до 2006 г. работи във Ветеринарната клиника "Д-р Налетовски" в Скопие и във Ветеринарната клиника по хирургия в Университета за ветеринарни науки "Гвелф" в Онтарио, Канада. Между 2007 и 2009 г. работи като асистент в катедрата за Физиология при Факултета за ветеринарна медицина на Скопския университет. В периода 2009 – 2013 г. работи по мониторинг на лабораторни животни в Университета "Бар Илан". Между 2015 и 2017 г. е съветник в Министерството на здравеопазването по медицинския статистически анализ.

Мизрахи за 12 дни е част е от служебното правителство на Оливер Спасовски, формирано за провеждане на предсрочните парламентарни избори в 2020 година. Става министър по предложение на ВМРО-ДПМНЕ. Мизрахи е първата еврейка, която става министър на Северна Македония. Занимава се с биохимия и ветеринарна медицина.

Мизрахи привлича вниманието на обществеността след като провежда пресконференции пред табела на министерството, в която стои предишното име на държавата. Гърция реагира на това с нота за неспазване на Преспанското споразумение. По предложение на Спасовски Мизрахи след дълга дискусия е освободена като министър от парламента поради нарушаване на конституцията.

На 15 юли 2020 година е избрана за депутат от ВМРО – Демократическа партия за македонско национално единство в Събранието на Северна Македония.

Бележки

Министри на труда и социалната политика на Северна Македония
Родени в Скопие
Македонски евреи
Северномакедонски ветеринарни лекари
Преподаватели в Скопския университет

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Analysts await Phillips 66 (NYSE:PSX) to report earnings on April, 26. They expect $1.02 EPS, down 1.92% or $0.02 from last year's $1.04 per share. PSX's profit will be $463.44M for 23.82 P/E if the $1.02 EPS becomes a reality. After $4.87 actual EPS reported by Phillips 66 for the previous quarter, Wall Street now forecasts -79.06% negative EPS growth.
More recent Phillips 66 (NYSE:PSX) news were published by: Benzinga.com which released: "ALPS Alerian MLP ETF (ETF:AMLP), Plains All American Pipeline, L.P. (NYSE:PAA) – Port Report: Trump Signs Executive Order Seeking To Boost U.S. Energy Development – Benzinga" on April 11, 2019. Also Seekingalpha.com published the news titled: "Midland crude trades near weakest in four months – Reuters – Seeking Alpha" on April 11, 2019. 247Wallst.com's news article titled: "Why Exxon's Dimmed Outlook Isn't Hurting Refiners' Stocks – 24/7 Wall St." with publication date: April 10, 2019 was also an interesting one.
Investors sentiment decreased to 1.09 in 2018 Q4. Its down 0.10, from 1.19 in 2018Q3. It worsened, as 102 investors sold PSX shares while 329 reduced holdings. 104 funds opened positions while 364 raised stakes. 312.21 million shares or 2.23% more from 305.42 million shares in 2018Q3 were reported. Massachusetts-based Arrowstreet LP has invested 0.03% in Phillips 66 (NYSE:PSX). First Fincl In has 580 shares for 0.04% of their portfolio. State Of New Jersey Common Pension Fund D accumulated 190,000 shares. The United Kingdom-based Gsa Capital Prns Llp has invested 0.07% in Phillips 66 (NYSE:PSX). Veritable Limited Partnership invested in 61,751 shares. 3,013 are owned by Capwealth Limited Com. Mariner Lc holds 31,200 shares. Pathstone Family Office Ltd Company holds 0.01% or 315 shares. Chem Bancorporation owns 0.25% invested in Phillips 66 (NYSE:PSX) for 23,649 shares. Natixis Advisors Limited Partnership holds 0.11% in Phillips 66 (NYSE:PSX) or 125,619 shares. Oregon Pub Employees Retirement Fund stated it has 0.04% of its portfolio in Phillips 66 (NYSE:PSX). Cap Advisers Limited Liability Co holds 0.12% of its portfolio in Phillips 66 (NYSE:PSX) for 172,412 shares. Natl Bank Of Montreal Can reported 0.06% stake. Balasa Dinverno And Foltz Ltd holds 3,923 shares or 0.04% of its portfolio. Daiwa Sb Invs Ltd holds 2,270 shares or 0.05% of its portfolio.
Secor Capital Advisors Lp, which manages about $500.47 million and $764.33 million US Long portfolio, upped its stake in Citigroup Inc (NYSE:C) by 103,286 shares to 121,986 shares, valued at $6.35M in 2018Q4, according to the filing. It also increased its holding in Halozyme Therapeutics Inc (NASDAQ:HALO) by 101,612 shares in the quarter, for a total of 123,999 shares, and has risen its stake in Avnet Inc (NYSE:AVT).
Since November 20, 2018, it had 1 insider buy, and 0 insider sales for $1.98 million activity.
More notable recent Verizon Communications Inc. (NYSE:VZ) news were published by: Benzinga.com which released: "Dan Nathan Sees Unusual Options Activity In Verizon (NYSE:VZ) – Benzinga" on March 29, 2019, also Benzinga.com with their article: "Barron's On: AT&T Vs. Verizon (NYSE:T)(NYSE:VZ) – Benzinga" published on March 31, 2019, Investorplace.com published: "5 Top Stock Trades for Friday: BB, PVH, MU, VZ and LULU – Investorplace.com" on March 28, 2019. More interesting news about Verizon Communications Inc. (NYSE:VZ) were released by: Seekingalpha.com and their article: "Verizon targets children's market with new plan – Seeking Alpha" published on April 02, 2019 as well as Seekingalpha.com's news article titled: "Verizon authorized to operate on government's EIS contract – Seeking Alpha" with publication date: March 25, 2019.
Investors sentiment decreased to 1.18 in Q4 2018. Its down 0.12, from 1.3 in 2018Q3. It turned negative, as 59 investors sold VZ shares while 611 reduced holdings. 149 funds opened positions while 641 raised stakes. 2.67 billion shares or 4.15% more from 2.57 billion shares in 2018Q3 were reported. Lakeview Cap Ptnrs Limited Liability accumulated 29,099 shares. Burns J W & Com Ny has invested 1.34% of its portfolio in Verizon Communications Inc. (NYSE:VZ). Spirit Of America Mgmt New York invested in 31,560 shares. Van Cleef Asset Managementinc reported 35,268 shares or 0.53% of all its holdings. Pinnacle Financial Ptnrs holds 1.02% or 191,661 shares in its portfolio. Rocky Mountain Advisers Ltd Liability Co holds 0.11% of its portfolio in Verizon Communications Inc. (NYSE:VZ) for 540 shares. Ogorek Anthony Joseph Ny Adv accumulated 0% or 60 shares. Pnc Fin Svcs Grp holds 0.54% or 8.68M shares in its portfolio. Cetera Advisor Ltd holds 0.72% or 330,530 shares in its portfolio. Ghp Advsrs holds 86,620 shares. Sumitomo Mitsui Asset Com Limited has invested 0.33% in Verizon Communications Inc. (NYSE:VZ). Washington Cap Mngmt Inc stated it has 35,746 shares or 2.33% of all its holdings. 405,301 are owned by Cincinnati Insurance. Riverhead Capital Limited Liability Corporation reported 120,485 shares stake. Moreover, John G Ullman And Assoc has 0.05% invested in Verizon Communications Inc. (NYSE:VZ) for 4,703 shares.


This tour is a lovely, scenic trip through the woods on 5 acres of groomed ski trails. It's also a great way to learn how to drive a snowmobile, with private instruction available.
Take an adventurous 25-mile journey through the Calvin Coolidge State Forest on the Vermont State trail system. You can go at your own pace or challenge yourself on the varied terrain. Food and drink is available for this tour. Learn more.
Both tours include use of boots and helmets. Snowsuits rentals are also available. The base lodge is very comfortable and a great place to get warm and dry.
Snowmobile Vermont's tours are designed with both beginner and advanced riders in mind. You have the option of renting a single or double-rider snowmobile and can choose to drive your own or ride behind a guide.
Learn more about Snowmobile Vermont's snowmobile tours.
Come to Woodstock, VT on President's Day Weekend and see The Woodstock Village Green transformed into an icy sculpture gallery! Professional snow sculpting teams will compete to create large, stunning sculptures over a three-day period. Watch and vote for your favorite in the "Peoples' Choice" category.
The Vermont Flurry is a state-sanctioned snow sculpture contest. The winner will go on to compete in the U.S. National Snow Sculpting Competition in Lake Geneva, Wisconsin. The winners will be announced on Sunday, February 17th at 12:30pm.


What happens during a Divine Plan Healing?
Arrival: I give a brief description of what will happen during the healing session. You will be asked to fill in a client form or do so in advance by email.
Then we discuss your healing target which you write down and keep as a record of what issue you wanted to work on.
The Healing: You lie down, fully clothed on a therapy bed and the healing can begin.
After a short time, you will be covered by a blanket. It is important as it represents surrounding yourself with unconditional divine love to support your healing.
At certain points I will ask you to repeat some mantras.
You simply relax and you might fall into a state of deep relaxation.
It is not necessary for the healer to touch the body's energy points at any time. I will move around the room as needed but you might not even be aware of this.
Near the end of the session, I will ask you to come back into awareness and offer some essence drops in water. This is optional and will be discussed in advance.
The session takes about one hour.
Afterwards: You may need some time to sit and become grounded again.
You're asked to keep a simple journal to record changes that you notice over the next few weeks and you are given instruction on how to take your essence and follow-up contacts.
You are asked to email some feedback the following day about how you are feeling. This is just to offer some support if needed. This is also arranged after about 4 weeks.


text:
Gideon Kioko performed the fatal abortions on Suzanne Logan and Debra Gray at Maryland's notorious Hillview reproductive health care facility.
Sherri Finkbine was the cute, perky, respectable Romper Room lady who went to Sweden, amid great fanfare, to snuff the fetus that she had injured by taking Thalidomide while she was pregnant. She did probably more than anybody else to "normalize" abortion and make it palatable to the public, and to promote the idea that it's somehow "nice" to treat people with limb deformities, and other folks who don't fit our ideas of "perfection", as if they're disposable. So much for "tolerance" and "diversity".
And, frankly, thinking about Sherri Finkbine and how much we've devalued people whose only crime is being different has demoralized me.
As Jeremy Irons said in The Mission, "If might is right, then love has no place in the world. It may be so, it may be so. But I don't have the strength to live in a world like that."


Thorough knowledge of the processing and flow of mail.
Knowledge of postal regulations that relate to bar coded mailings.
Ability to lift up to 50 lbs. with or without accommodations.
Ability to walk, stand, stoop, and bend 80% of the time with or without accommodation.
Candidates must have a basic enough understanding of English to be able to understand and follow safety and other operational directions communicated in English, irrespective of their native language.
Must have the ability to work overtime which may include weekends, holidays and or a different shift with little or no advance notice.
Ensures that the mail is reviewed for proper date, postage, and good quality barcodes prior to being placed into production. Prepares outgoing mail and conducts first quality check on completed production run.
Organizes the mail flow on the production floor by assigning workers and assessing volumes and type of mail based on current staffing levels to meet postal deadlines.
Completes end of run production tasks (i.e. proper disposition of extra mail, placement of bins, stocking trays and tag holders, stocking all supplies needed to run production, etc.).
Responsible for overseeing the Departmental Supervisors on designated shifts.
Operation Supervisor responsibilities include interviewing, hiring, training, appraising performance, rewarding, disciplining, and addressing complaints/solving problems.
Oversees quality function throughout the Operations floor.
Assures quality processes and procedures are followed at all times.
Completes required USPS and internal reports, job costing reports and application of all USPS postal regulations. Assures clear and concise communication of pertinent information between shifts.
Offers suggestions regarding increasing efficiency of equipment use, working conditions, and motivation of employees.
Promotes a clean work area to prevent possible injuries and/or tripping hazards to self and others.
On-Demand Mail Services (ODMS) offers Domestic and International postal optimization solutions to our customers nationwide. We do this as part of the United States Postal Service's Work Share Program, a program that provides mailers and presort bureaus with significant discounts for preparing mail according to strict USPS specifications.
Our Customers depend on us as their Mailing Experts. How you perform in the position will determine how successful we are. Our Mission is Customer Service and Quality, Quality, Quality!
Your journey as an ODMS Associate, will begin with on the job QUALITY training along with periodic observed and written qualification assessments. It is vital that you learn everything you are taught, show up for work on time each day and continue to perform your duties to the highest level possible.


So much of what we have done already could not have been done if it weren't for our family and friends. We've had friends and family help each step of the way, and as newbies to this we are grateful for any and all help.
This past weekend was beautiful, it didn't feel like February at all. New Jersey got well into the 60's and we were able to get a lot of work done on the camper. This weekend we were able to get the floors in and it made a huge difference, I can't wait to be done and see the side by side photos of the progress.


No shopping centre is complete without that lovely smell of fruitness wafting from one of it's stores… and Market Place is no exception! Delivering high quality, naturally inspired skincare, hair care and make-up products ethically and sustainably since 1976, The Body Shop was the first international cosmetics company to introduce fair trade to the industry and their scents of fruitful loveliness have filled Britain's malls, and bathrooms ever since.
Some 40 years on and they are scaling up their vision. Visit the new store at Market Place next time you're in town to discover all their latest products. And some of their old faithful ones too.


text:
Q&A with Shelley Puhak
Photo by Kristina Sherk
Shelley Puhak is the author of the new book The Dark Queens: The Bloody Rivalry That Forged the Medieval World. She has written several collections of poetry, including the forthcoming Harbinger, and her work has appeared in a variety of publications, including The Atlantic and Creative Nonfiction. She lives in Maryland.
Q: You note that the initial spark for The Dark Queens came from a Viking helmet you saw while searching for a Halloween costume. How did that lead you to write this book about two 6th century queens?
A: I knew that these Viking helmets were not historically accurate and I was vaguely aware they had something to do with how Vikings were portrayed in Wagner's Ring opera cycle. This opera is the one that gave us the stereotypical figure of a busty woman with braids, a shield, and a horned helmet— the character Brünnhilde.
Around the same time, I was working on another project where I encountered a mention of a decades-long rivalry between a Queen Brunhild and her sister-in-law Queen Fredegund. I had never heard of these two queens and had been intrigued at the time. But my curiosity was really piqued when I realized that my Halloween costume and the fictional character in Wagner's opera were also linked to these two women's lives.
The more I learned about these two queens, the more stunned I was. How was their story not more widely known? When I realized they had been purposefully erased, I became committed to finding a way to tell their story.
Q: You write, "This book is not an academic history; it is a work of narrative nonfiction based on primary sources." Can you say more about the book's format, and about how you researched the period?
A: The Dark Queens is researched like an academic history would be: my bibliography covers works in four languages, for example, and the endnotes run 50 pages. I also made use of a fact-checker, an academic who is a specialist in the period, which was incredibly helpful.
But I thought it was important to give myself permission to use inference or speculation, especially because this book is about the lives of two women.
When we read in a history book, for example, "the knight rode into battle," most of us have no trouble picturing that in our minds. We've all seen movies and TV shows, or visited museums or Renaissance fairs, that allow us to fill in some of the blanks. We can see the heavy armor, the waving standards, and hear the horses rearing back, the hoofbeats, the clang of swords.
But if we read about a queen riding into battle, for example, do we have the same sense of what that looks and sounds like?
Surprisingly, a lot of details about these queens' lives have survived. So when I incorporate dialogue, for example, that is actual dialogue that was reported by a 6th-century eyewitness. There are also accounts of people's emotional states—people being enraged or irritated, for example.
But sometimes I had to make a leap. What would you be likely to feel, for example, if someone you were close to was assassinated or died in an epidemic? When I made educated guesses, I tried to be transparent and signal this with "likely" or "probably."
Q: How would you describe the relationship between Brunhild and Fredegund, and what do you see as their legacy?
A: I'd characterize their relationship as a political rivalry. While Brunhild and Fredegund had different individual strengths— one seems to have been better at diplomacy, for example, and the other at military strategy— overall they were more alike than different. They shared a grudging respect for one another.
Their influence on Western Europe has been largely overlooked, although both certainly left their mark. One, for example, was instrumental in the Christianization of Britain, while the other became a savvy military leader, even influencing a key scene in Shakespeare's Macbeth.
But, most chillingly, the backlash against their reigns would shape Europe for many centuries. It led to greater fundamentalist streak in the Church, which eventually snowballed into the Crusades. It also dashed hopes of a unifying continental Europe under one crown and led to fragmented nation-states of the medieval era (and beyond).
Q: You begin the book by saying, "Rome has fallen." In 6th century Europe, which powers were the most important, and did any Roman influence still remain?
A: The city of Rome had fallen, but the Roman Empire itself had merely moved east. We now call this the Byzantine Empire or the Eastern Roman Empire, and its new capital was Constantinople. In Europe, though, the dream of Rome had not died. Elites were obsessed with Roman culture, importing classical Roman literature, music, and food, and many kings and warlords hoped to rebuild the Roman Empire in the West.
Francia (or the Frankish kingdoms) was an important European power that encompassed modern-day France, Belgium, the Netherlands, Luxembourg, southern and western Germany, and parts of Switzerland. The Franks also controlled neighboring tributary kingdoms, like that of the Bavarians. Other important powers in continental Europe included the Lombards in Italy and the Visigoths in Spain.
A: I have a book of poetry, Harbinger, coming out in the fall. I've also just gotten started with a new nonfiction project, but it's so new that I don't want to jinx it yet.
A: The Dark Queens is my nonfiction debut, and I've learned a lot not just by writing this book, but also by bringing it out into the world. I'm so grateful to everyone at Bloomsbury but also to all of the bookstore owners, podcasters, book bloggers, reviewers, and readers who are helping to write Brunhild and Fredegund back into the historical record.
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March 2022 Jewish Book Carnival
Q&A with Diane Dreher
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The other day, Kat did another one of her love lists. Of course she asked me to follow up with my own version. I thought it would be cool just to do a post about one of the things that I love the most, my boys! So what I decided to do was come up with 20 questions and ask each of them separately the same thing and record their answers. Unfortunately, Finn had to be excluded since he can't talk yet. At least not in English.
First, I started off with a few easy questions.
1) What is your favorite movie?
5) What is your favorite word?
6) What is your favorite sport?
7) What is your favorite place to visit?
Now for some harder and deeper questions.
8) What do you want to be when you grow up?
What can I say, they both aim high.
9) What is the best thing about your family?
10) Who is your best friend?
11) What is the hardest thing about your life?
12) What 3 things would you take with you if you were stranded on an island?
14) Who is the President of the USA?
I am happy with that answer.
16) What is the best thing about summer?
17) How old will you be when you are 26?
18) Do you like sharing a room with your brother?
19) What do you think about girls?
20) What would you buy if you had a million dollars?
Well, not sure about you but I enjoyed that.
If you have any young kids, why not use some of these questions or some of your own and get to know them. Its a great way to document what they think about, enjoy, or struggle with at this time in their lives. In a few years, you can look back a have some good laughs and memories.
Also, you can use it to realize the need to start saving up for future things like ice cream truck driving school or a big basket full of cakes.
I really enjoyed this post. :) I think I will have to do this with my kids. It would be fun to look back on.
What a great idea! That was a good way to start my day.


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Q: Problem with jQuery SpinBox Plugin Dynamic Min/Max I am using the jQuery SpinBox plugin (from http://plugins.jquery.com/project/spinbox) on some text boxes on my form. But I have come across a problem. Some of these textboxes need to have their min/max properties set dynamically when the values of other fields are changed. I have tried doing something like this:
$("#tbxDelayEndDate").spinbox({min : $("#tbxDelayStartDate").val()});

But the problem is that clicking the up/down buttons causes erratic behaviour.
How can I change the max and min properties without this happening?
EDIT: Or can anyone give me an example of one spinbox constrained by the value of another?
I don't want to have to use a different plugin.
Thanks.
James

A: Before changing its min/max, you have to call the following statement to unbind/remove all related event/class of the spinner.Therfore, the codes that changed the min will be like this
$("#tbxDelayEndDate").spinbox("destroy");
$("#tbxDelayEndDate").spinbox({min : $("#tbxDelayStartDate").val()});

However, I find out that there is a bug in the source code of the plugin.Therefore you need to do the following first.
Search the follwing text in the source code of the plugin.
// Tidy up when spinbox('destroy') is called:
        if (options && typeof (options) === "String" && options === "destroy")

Replace the above with
 if (options && typeof (options) === "string" && options === "destroy")

"String" should be "string".

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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The LA Times is reporting that, despite the overwhelming majority of the public who support tightening gun laws, the failure of Congress to pass gun control in the wake of Sandy Hook may, paradoxically help Republicans in future elections, because gun right supporters are more passionate about the issue.
People with postgraduate degrees, who have become a mainstay of the Democratic coalition, were among the most likely to say they felt "angry" about the Senate's decision, with 31% giving that answer, according to an analysis by the Washington Post. Other demographic groups that were more likely than average to call themselves "angry" were residents of the Northeast (26%), self-identified Democrats (26%) and women (19%). That could indicate that the gun debate will create more headwinds for Republicans in the Northeast, a region where they have steadily lost ground in recent elections, and with highly educated voters.
Often it's the less educated people who are more religious, more hostile to foreigners and gays, more jingoistic, and more likely to vote Republican.
Of course, this is old news: liberals are portrayed as elitist snobs who can't relate to average folk.
Jeb Bush to the rescue of the GOP?